3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
4 * Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'I see,' laughed Strider. 'I look foul and feel fair. Is that it?
13 * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
15 * [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
19 * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
20 * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
21 * and perly.act which are derived from this.
23 * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
24 * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
25 * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
27 * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
28 * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
32 /* Make the parser re-entrant. */
39 I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
40 must always be 1st union member) */
46 %token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ
48 %token <ival> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '@' '%' '&' '=' '.'
50 %token <opval> BAREWORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
51 %token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
52 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
54 %token <ival> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
55 %token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
56 %token <ival> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
57 %token <ival> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
58 %token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
59 %token <ival> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
60 %token <ival> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
61 %token <ival> LOCAL MY REQUIRE
62 %token <ival> COLONATTR FORMLBRACK FORMRBRACK
64 %type <ival> grammar remember mremember
65 %type <ival> startsub startanonsub startformsub
69 %type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
70 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
71 %type <opval> sliceme kvslice gelem
72 %type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr
73 %type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr optrepl indirob listop method
74 %type <opval> formname subname proto optsubbody cont my_scalar my_var
75 %type <opval> refgen_topic formblock
76 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
77 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
78 %type <ival> sigslurpsigil
79 %type <opval> sigvarname sigdefault sigscalarelem sigslurpelem
80 %type <opval> sigelem siglist siglistornull subsignature
81 %type <opval> formstmtseq formline formarg
83 %nonassoc <ival> PREC_LOW
86 %left <ival> OROP DOROP
89 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
91 %right <ival> ASSIGNOP
93 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
94 %left <ival> OROR DORDOR
100 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
106 %right <ival> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
108 %nonassoc <ival> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC POSTJOIN
116 /* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
119 parser->expect = XSTATE;
124 newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
125 PL_compiling.cop_seq = 0;
130 parser->expect = XTERM;
140 parser->expect = XBLOCK;
145 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
149 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
153 parser->expect = XSTATE;
158 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
162 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
166 parser->expect = XSTATE;
171 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
175 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
179 parser->expect = XSTATE;
189 /* An ordinary block */
190 block : '{' remember stmtseq '}'
191 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
192 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
193 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
198 formblock: '=' remember ';' FORMRBRACK formstmtseq ';' '.'
199 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
200 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
201 $$ = block_end($2, $5);
205 remember: /* NULL */ /* start a full lexical scope */
206 { $$ = block_start(TRUE);
207 parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
210 mblock : '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
211 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
212 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
213 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
217 mremember: /* NULL */ /* start a partial lexical scope */
218 { $$ = block_start(FALSE);
219 parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
222 /* A sequence of statements in the program */
226 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
227 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
229 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
233 /* A sequence of format lines */
234 formstmtseq: /* NULL */
236 | formstmtseq formline
237 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
238 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
240 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
244 /* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
247 $$ = $1 ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $1) : NULL;
253 labfullstmt: LABEL barestmt
255 $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8 * $1[strlen($1)+1], $1, $2);
259 $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8 * $1[strlen($1)+1], $1, $2);
263 /* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
266 | FORMAT startformsub formname formblock
268 CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
271 if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
272 pad_add_weakref(fmtcv);
274 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
276 | SUB subname startsub
278 if ($2->op_type == OP_CONST) {
279 const char *const name =
280 SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$2)->op_sv);
281 if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
282 || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
283 || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
284 CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
287 /* State subs inside anonymous subs need to be
288 clonable themselves. */
289 if (CvANON(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
290 || CvCLONE(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
291 || !PadnameIsSTATE(PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(
294 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
296 parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
298 proto subattrlist optsubbody
300 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
301 $2->op_type == OP_CONST
302 ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
303 : newMYSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
307 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
309 | SUB subname startsub
311 if ($2->op_type == OP_CONST) {
312 const char *const name =
313 SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$2)->op_sv);
314 if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
315 || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
316 || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
317 CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
320 /* State subs inside anonymous subs need to be
321 clonable themselves. */
322 if (CvANON(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
323 || CvCLONE(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
324 || !PadnameIsSTATE(PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(
327 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
329 parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
331 remember subsignature subattrlist '{' stmtseq '}'
334 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$8)
335 parser->copline = (line_t)$8;
337 op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $6, $9));
339 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
340 $2->op_type == OP_CONST
341 ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, NULL, $7, body)
342 : newMYSUB($3, $2, NULL, $7, body)
346 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
348 | PACKAGE BAREWORD BAREWORD ';'
356 { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
357 BAREWORD BAREWORD optlistexpr ';'
359 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
360 utilize($1, $2, $4, $5, $6);
361 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
364 | IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
367 newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
368 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
370 | UNLESS '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
373 newCONDOP(0, $4, $7, op_scope($6)));
374 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
376 | GIVEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
378 $$ = block_end($3, newGIVENOP($4, op_scope($6), 0));
379 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
381 | WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
382 { $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
384 { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
385 | WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
388 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
390 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
392 | UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
395 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
397 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
399 | FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';'
400 { parser->expect = XTERM; }
402 { parser->expect = XTERM; }
407 OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
408 scalar($7), $13, $11, $10);
410 forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
411 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
412 newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
415 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
416 $$ = block_end($3, forop);
417 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
419 | FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
421 $$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
422 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
424 | FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
426 $$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
427 op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
428 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
430 | FOR my_refgen remember my_var
431 { parser->in_my = 0; $<opval>$ = my($4); }
432 '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
438 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
443 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
445 | FOR REFGEN refgen_topic '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
447 $$ = block_end($5, newFOROP(
448 0, op_lvalue(newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
450 OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
451 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
453 | FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
456 newFOROP(0, NULL, $4, $6, $7));
457 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
461 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
462 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
465 | PACKAGE BAREWORD BAREWORD '{' remember
474 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
475 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
476 NULL, block_end($5, $7), NULL, 0);
477 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$4)
478 parser->copline = (line_t)$4;
487 parser->copline = NOLINE;
492 formline: THING formarg
496 list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
501 if (parser->copline == NOLINE)
502 parser->copline = CopLINE(PL_curcop)-1;
503 else parser->copline--;
504 $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
505 op_convert_list(OP_FORMLINE, 0, list));
511 | FORMLBRACK stmtseq FORMRBRACK
512 { $$ = op_unscope($2); }
515 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
521 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1); }
523 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1); }
525 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1); }
527 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1); }
529 { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, $3, $1, NULL);
530 parser->copline = (line_t)$2; }
532 { $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
535 /* else and elsif blocks */
540 ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
543 | ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
544 { parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
546 newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
548 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
552 /* Continue blocks */
556 { $$ = op_scope($2); }
559 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
561 { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
562 PL_max_intro_pending >= PL_min_intro_pending);
565 /* Normal expression */
571 /* Boolean expression */
572 texpr : /* NULL means true */
574 (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
575 $$ = tmplval.opval; }
579 /* Inverted boolean expression */
581 { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
584 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
586 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
590 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
593 formname: BAREWORD { $$ = $1; }
594 | /* NULL */ { $$ = NULL; }
597 startsub: /* NULL */ /* start a regular subroutine scope */
598 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
599 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
603 startanonsub: /* NULL */ /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
604 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
605 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
608 startformsub: /* NULL */ /* start a format subroutine scope */
609 { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
610 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
613 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
618 /* Subroutine prototype */
624 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
625 subattrlist: /* NULL */
633 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
634 myattrlist: COLONATTR THING
642 /* --------------------------------------
643 * subroutine signature parsing
646 /* the '' or 'foo' part of a '$' or '@foo' etc signature variable */
647 sigvarname: /* NULL */
648 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = NULL; }
650 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = $1; }
659 /* @, %, @foo, %foo */
660 sigslurpelem: sigslurpsigil sigvarname sigdefault/* def only to catch errors */
666 if (parser->sig_slurpy)
667 yyerror("Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed");
668 parser->sig_slurpy = (char)sigil;
671 yyerror("A slurpy parameter may not have "
674 $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
678 /* default part of sub signature scalar element: i.e. '= default_expr' */
679 sigdefault: /* NULL */
682 { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL, 0); }
687 /* subroutine signature scalar element: e.g. '$x', '$=', '$x = $default' */
689 '$' sigvarname sigdefault
694 if (parser->sig_slurpy)
695 yyerror("Slurpy parameter not last");
700 parser->sig_optelems++;
702 if ( defexpr->op_type == OP_NULL
703 && !(defexpr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
705 /* handle '$=' special case */
707 yyerror("Optional parameter "
708 "lacks default expression");
712 /* a normal '=default' expression */
713 OP *defop = (OP*)alloc_LOGOP(OP_ARGDEFELEM,
716 /* re-purpose op_targ to hold @_ index */
718 (PADOFFSET)(parser->sig_elems - 1);
721 var->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
722 (void)op_sibling_splice(var,
727 var = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, defop);
730 /* NB: normally the first child of a
731 * logop is executed before the logop,
732 * and it pushes a boolean result
733 * ready for the logop. For ARGDEFELEM,
734 * the op itself does the boolean
735 * calculation, so set the first op to
738 var->op_next = defop;
739 defexpr->op_next = var;
743 if (parser->sig_optelems)
744 yyerror("Mandatory parameter "
745 "follows optional parameter");
748 $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
753 /* subroutine signature element: e.g. '$x = $default' or '%h' */
754 sigelem: sigscalarelem
755 { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $1; }
757 { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $1; }
760 /* list of subroutine signature elements */
764 | siglist ',' sigelem
766 $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $3);
768 | sigelem %prec PREC_LOW
773 siglistornull: /* NULL */
778 /* Subroutine signature */
782 SAVEIV(parser->sig_elems);
783 SAVEIV(parser->sig_optelems);
784 SAVEI8(parser->sig_slurpy);
785 parser->sig_elems = 0;
786 parser->sig_optelems = 0;
787 parser->sig_slurpy = 0;
788 parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar;
797 if (!parser->error_count) {
798 assert(FEATURE_SIGNATURES_IS_ENABLED);
801 /* We shouldn't get here otherwise */
802 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
803 packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__SIGNATURES),
804 "The signatures feature is experimental");
806 aux = (UNOP_AUX_item*)PerlMemShared_malloc(
807 sizeof(UNOP_AUX_item) * 3);
808 aux[0].iv = parser->sig_elems;
809 aux[1].iv = parser->sig_optelems;
810 aux[2].iv = parser->sig_slurpy;
811 check = newUNOP_AUX(OP_ARGCHECK, 0, NULL, aux);
812 sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, check, sigops);
813 sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
814 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL),
816 /* a nextstate at the end handles context
817 * correctly for an empty sub body */
818 $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
820 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL));
823 parser->expect = XATTRBLOCK;
830 /* Optional subroutine body, for named subroutine declaration */
835 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
836 expr : expr ANDOP expr
837 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
839 { $$ = newLOGOP($2, 0, $1, $3); }
841 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
842 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
845 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
846 listexpr: listexpr ','
851 $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
853 | term %prec PREC_LOW
857 listop : LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
858 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
859 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$2), $3) );
861 | FUNC '(' indirob expr ')' /* print ($fh @args */
862 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
863 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$3), $4) );
865 | term ARROW method '(' optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
866 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
867 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
868 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
869 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
871 | term ARROW method /* $foo->bar */
872 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
873 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
874 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
876 | METHOD indirob optlistexpr /* new Class @args */
877 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
878 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
879 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
880 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
882 | FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')' /* method $object (@args) */
883 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
884 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
885 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
886 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
888 | LSTOP optlistexpr /* print @args */
889 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $2); }
890 | FUNC '(' optexpr ')' /* print (@args) */
891 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $3); }
892 | LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@); f { foo } ... */
893 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
894 $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, NULL, $3); }
895 optlistexpr %prec LSTOP /* ... @bar */
896 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
897 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
898 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
902 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
907 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
908 subscripted: gelem '{' expr ';' '}' /* *main::{something} */
909 /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
910 * provided by the tokeniser */
911 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3)); }
912 | scalar '[' expr ']' /* $array[$element] */
913 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
915 | term ARROW '[' expr ']' /* somearef->[$element] */
916 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
917 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
920 | subscripted '[' expr ']' /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
921 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
922 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
925 | scalar '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo{bar();} */
926 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
928 | term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
929 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
930 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
932 | subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
933 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
934 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
936 | term ARROW '(' ')' /* $subref->() */
937 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
938 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))); }
939 | term ARROW '(' expr ')' /* $subref->(@args) */
940 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
941 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
942 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)))); }
944 | subscripted '(' expr ')' /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
945 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
946 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
947 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)))); }
948 | subscripted '(' ')' /* $foo->{bar}->() */
949 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
950 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))); }
951 | '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']' /* list slice */
952 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2); }
953 | QWLIST '[' expr ']' /* list literal slice */
954 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1); }
955 | '(' ')' '[' expr ']' /* empty list slice! */
956 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, NULL); }
959 /* Binary operators between terms */
960 termbinop: term ASSIGNOP term /* $x = $y */
961 { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, $2, $3); }
962 | term POWOP term /* $x ** $y */
963 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
964 | term MULOP term /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
965 { if ($2 != OP_REPEAT)
967 $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, $1, scalar($3));
969 | term ADDOP term /* $x + $y */
970 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
971 | term SHIFTOP term /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
972 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
973 | term RELOP term /* $x > $y, etc. */
974 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
975 | term EQOP term /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
976 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
977 | term BITANDOP term /* $x & $y */
978 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
979 | term BITOROP term /* $x | $y */
980 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
981 | term DOTDOT term /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
982 { $$ = newRANGE($2, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
983 | term ANDAND term /* $x && $y */
984 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
985 | term OROR term /* $x || $y */
986 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3); }
987 | term DORDOR term /* $x // $y */
988 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
989 | term MATCHOP term /* $x =~ /$y/ */
990 { $$ = bind_match($2, $1, $3); }
993 /* Unary operators and terms */
994 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS /* -$x */
995 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2)); }
996 | '+' term %prec UMINUS /* +$x */
1000 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
1001 | '~' term /* ~$x */
1002 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, scalar($2)); }
1003 | term POSTINC /* $x++ */
1004 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
1005 op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC)); }
1006 | term POSTDEC /* $x-- */
1007 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
1008 op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));}
1009 | term POSTJOIN /* implicit join after interpolated ->@ */
1010 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_JOIN, 0,
1020 | PREINC term /* ++$x */
1021 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1022 op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREINC)); }
1023 | PREDEC term /* --$x */
1024 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1025 op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC)); }
1029 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1030 anonymous: '[' expr ']'
1031 { $$ = newANONLIST($2); }
1033 { $$ = newANONLIST(NULL);}
1034 | HASHBRACK expr ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1035 { $$ = newANONHASH($2); }
1036 | HASHBRACK ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1037 { $$ = newANONHASH(NULL); }
1038 | ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block %prec '('
1039 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1040 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5); }
1041 | ANONSUB startanonsub remember subsignature subattrlist '{' stmtseq '}' %prec '('
1044 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$6)
1045 parser->copline = (line_t)$6;
1046 body = block_end($3,
1047 op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $4, $7));
1048 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1049 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, NULL, $5, body);
1054 /* Things called with "do" */
1055 termdo : DO term %prec UNIOP /* do $filename */
1056 { $$ = dofile($2, $1);}
1057 | DO block %prec '(' /* do { code */
1058 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($2));}
1065 | term '?' term ':' term
1066 { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5); }
1067 | REFGEN term /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1068 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, $2); }
1070 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, localize($3,1)); }
1071 | myattrterm %prec UNIOP
1073 | LOCAL term %prec UNIOP
1074 { $$ = localize($2,0); }
1076 { $$ = sawparens($2); }
1080 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
1089 | arylen %prec '(' /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1090 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1093 | sliceme '[' expr ']' /* array slice */
1094 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1095 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1096 newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1098 ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1101 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1103 | kvslice '[' expr ']' /* array key/value slice */
1104 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVASLICE,
1105 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1106 newLISTOP(OP_KVASLICE, 0,
1108 ref(oopsAV($1), OP_KVASLICE)));
1111 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1113 | sliceme '{' expr ';' '}' /* @hash{@keys} */
1114 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1115 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1116 newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1118 ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1121 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1123 | kvslice '{' expr ';' '}' /* %hash{@keys} */
1124 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVHSLICE,
1125 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1126 newLISTOP(OP_KVHSLICE, 0,
1128 ref($1, OP_KVHSLICE)));
1131 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1136 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1137 | amper '(' ')' /* &foo() or foo() */
1138 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1140 | amper '(' expr ')' /* &foo(@args) or foo(@args) */
1142 $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1143 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1145 | NOAMP subname optlistexpr /* foo @args (no parens) */
1146 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1147 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1149 | term ARROW '$' '*'
1150 { $$ = newSVREF($1); }
1151 | term ARROW '@' '*'
1152 { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
1153 | term ARROW '%' '*'
1154 { $$ = newHVREF($1); }
1155 | term ARROW '&' '*'
1156 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0,
1157 scalar(newCVREF($3,$1))); }
1158 | term ARROW '*' '*' %prec '('
1159 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1); }
1160 | LOOPEX /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1161 { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL);
1162 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
1164 { $$ = newLOOPEX($1,$2); }
1165 | NOTOP listexpr /* not $foo */
1166 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
1167 | UNIOP /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1168 { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
1169 | UNIOP block /* eval { foo }* */
1170 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
1171 | UNIOP term /* Unary op */
1172 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
1173 | REQUIRE /* require, $_ implied */
1174 { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0); }
1175 | REQUIRE term /* require Foo */
1176 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2); }
1178 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1179 | UNIOPSUB term /* Sub treated as unop */
1180 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1181 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1182 | FUNC0 /* Nullary operator */
1183 { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
1185 { $$ = newOP($1, 0);}
1186 | FUNC0OP /* Same as above, but op created in toke.c */
1190 | FUNC0SUB /* Sub treated as nullop */
1191 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1192 | FUNC1 '(' ')' /* not () */
1193 { $$ = ($1 == OP_NOT)
1194 ? newUNOP($1, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1195 : newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL); }
1196 | FUNC1 '(' expr ')' /* not($foo) */
1197 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $3); }
1198 | PMFUNC /* m//, s///, qr//, tr/// */
1200 if ( $1->op_type != OP_TRANS
1201 && $1->op_type != OP_TRANSR
1202 && (((PMOP*)$1)->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV))
1204 $<ival>$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
1205 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
1209 '(' listexpr optrepl ')'
1210 { $$ = pmruntime($1, $4, $5, 1, $<ival>2); }
1215 $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1216 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1221 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1222 myattrterm: MY myterm myattrlist
1223 { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3); }
1225 { $$ = localize($2,1); }
1226 | MY REFGEN myterm myattrlist
1227 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, my_attrs($3,$4)); }
1230 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1231 myterm : '(' expr ')'
1232 { $$ = sawparens($2); }
1234 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
1244 /* Basic list expressions */
1245 optlistexpr: /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1247 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
1263 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1266 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1274 refgen_topic: my_var
1278 my_refgen: MY REFGEN
1283 { $$ = newCVREF($1,$2); }
1286 scalar : '$' indirob
1287 { $$ = newSVREF($2); }
1291 { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1292 if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
1297 { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1298 if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
1302 arylen : DOLSHARP indirob
1303 { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
1304 | term ARROW DOLSHARP '*'
1305 { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
1309 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2); }
1314 { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
1319 { $$ = newHVREF($1); }
1324 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1); }
1327 /* Indirect objects */
1329 { $$ = scalar($1); }
1330 | scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1331 { $$ = scalar($1); }
1333 { $$ = op_scope($1); }