3 * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
4 * 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Very useful, no doubt, that was to Saruman; yet it seems that he was
13 * not content.' --Gandalf to Pippin
15 * [p.598 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
18 /* This file contains assorted utility routines.
19 * Which is a polite way of saying any stuff that people couldn't think of
20 * a better place for. Amongst other things, it includes the warning and
21 * dieing stuff, plus wrappers for malloc code.
25 #define PERL_IN_UTIL_C
29 #if defined(USE_PERLIO)
30 #include "perliol.h" /* For PerlIOUnix_refcnt */
36 # define SIG_ERR ((Sighandler_t) -1)
44 /* Missing protos on LynxOS */
49 # include "amigaos4/amigaio.h"
54 # include <sys/select.h>
58 #ifdef USE_C_BACKTRACE
62 # undef USE_BFD /* BFD is useless in OS X. */
72 # include <execinfo.h>
76 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
77 # include <sys/mman.h>
82 /* NOTE: Do not call the next three routines directly. Use the macros
83 * in handy.h, so that we can easily redefine everything to do tracking of
84 * allocated hunks back to the original New to track down any memory leaks.
85 * XXX This advice seems to be widely ignored :-( --AD August 1996.
88 #if defined (DEBUGGING) || defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) || defined (PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)
89 # define ALWAYS_NEED_THX
92 #if defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL) && defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW)
94 S_maybe_protect_rw(pTHX_ struct perl_memory_debug_header *header)
97 && mprotect(header, header->size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE))
98 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for COW string %p %lu failed with %d",
99 header, header->size, errno);
103 S_maybe_protect_ro(pTHX_ struct perl_memory_debug_header *header)
106 && mprotect(header, header->size, PROT_READ))
107 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for COW string %p %lu failed with %d",
108 header, header->size, errno);
110 # define maybe_protect_rw(foo) S_maybe_protect_rw(aTHX_ foo)
111 # define maybe_protect_ro(foo) S_maybe_protect_ro(aTHX_ foo)
113 # define maybe_protect_rw(foo) NOOP
114 # define maybe_protect_ro(foo) NOOP
117 #if defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL) || defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW)
118 /* Use memory_debug_header */
120 # if (defined(PERL_POISON) && defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)) \
121 || defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW)
122 # define MDH_HAS_SIZE
126 /* paranoid version of system's malloc() */
129 Perl_safesysmalloc(MEM_SIZE size)
131 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
137 if (size + PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE < size)
139 size += PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE;
142 if ((SSize_t)size < 0)
143 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: malloc, size=%"UVuf, (UV) size);
145 if (!size) size = 1; /* malloc(0) is NASTY on our system */
146 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
147 if ((ptr = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
148 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
149 perror("mmap failed");
153 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(size?size:1);
155 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
158 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
159 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
163 PoisonNew(((char *)ptr), size, char);
166 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
167 header->interpreter = aTHX;
168 /* Link us into the list. */
169 header->prev = &PL_memory_debug_header;
170 header->next = PL_memory_debug_header.next;
171 PL_memory_debug_header.next = header;
172 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
173 header->next->prev = header;
174 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
175 # ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
176 header->readonly = 0;
182 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
183 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) malloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
191 #ifndef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
203 /* paranoid version of system's realloc() */
206 Perl_safesysrealloc(Malloc_t where,MEM_SIZE size)
208 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
212 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
213 const MEM_SIZE oldsize = where
214 ? ((struct perl_memory_debug_header *)((char *)where - PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE))->size
217 #if !defined(STANDARD_C) && !defined(HAS_REALLOC_PROTOTYPE) && !defined(PERL_MICRO)
218 Malloc_t PerlMem_realloc();
219 #endif /* !defined(STANDARD_C) && !defined(HAS_REALLOC_PROTOTYPE) */
226 ptr = safesysmalloc(size);
230 where = (Malloc_t)((char*)where-PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
231 if (size + PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE < size)
233 size += PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE;
235 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
236 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)where;
238 # ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
239 if (header->interpreter != aTHX) {
240 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: realloc from wrong pool, %p!=%p",
241 header->interpreter, aTHX);
243 assert(header->next->prev == header);
244 assert(header->prev->next == header);
246 if (header->size > size) {
247 const MEM_SIZE freed_up = header->size - size;
248 char *start_of_freed = ((char *)where) + size;
249 PoisonFree(start_of_freed, freed_up, char);
259 if ((SSize_t)size < 0)
260 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: realloc, size=%"UVuf, (UV)size);
262 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
263 if ((ptr = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
264 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
265 perror("mmap failed");
268 Copy(where,ptr,oldsize < size ? oldsize : size,char);
269 if (munmap(where, oldsize)) {
270 perror("munmap failed");
274 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_realloc(where,size);
276 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
278 /* MUST do this fixup first, before doing ANYTHING else, as anything else
279 might allocate memory/free/move memory, and until we do the fixup, it
280 may well be chasing (and writing to) free memory. */
282 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
283 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
284 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
287 if (header->size < size) {
288 const MEM_SIZE fresh = size - header->size;
289 char *start_of_fresh = ((char *)ptr) + size;
290 PoisonNew(start_of_fresh, fresh, char);
294 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
295 header->next->prev = header;
296 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
297 maybe_protect_rw(header->prev);
298 header->prev->next = header;
299 maybe_protect_ro(header->prev);
301 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
304 /* In particular, must do that fixup above before logging anything via
305 *printf(), as it can reallocate memory, which can cause SEGVs. */
307 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) rfree\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
308 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) realloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
315 #ifndef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
328 /* safe version of system's free() */
331 Perl_safesysfree(Malloc_t where)
333 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
336 DEBUG_m( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) free\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
339 Malloc_t where_intrn = (Malloc_t)((char*)where-PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
341 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
342 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)where_intrn;
345 const MEM_SIZE size = header->size;
347 # ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
348 if (header->interpreter != aTHX) {
349 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: free from wrong pool, %p!=%p",
350 header->interpreter, aTHX);
353 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: duplicate free");
356 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: bad free, header->next==NULL");
357 if (header->next->prev != header || header->prev->next != header) {
358 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: bad free, ->next->prev=%p, "
359 "header=%p, ->prev->next=%p",
360 header->next->prev, header,
363 /* Unlink us from the chain. */
364 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
365 header->next->prev = header->prev;
366 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
367 maybe_protect_rw(header->prev);
368 header->prev->next = header->next;
369 maybe_protect_ro(header->prev);
370 maybe_protect_rw(header);
372 PoisonNew(where_intrn, size, char);
374 /* Trigger the duplicate free warning. */
377 # ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
378 if (munmap(where_intrn, size)) {
379 perror("munmap failed");
385 Malloc_t where_intrn = where;
387 #ifndef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
388 PerlMem_free(where_intrn);
393 /* safe version of system's calloc() */
396 Perl_safesyscalloc(MEM_SIZE count, MEM_SIZE size)
398 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
402 #if defined(USE_MDH) || defined(DEBUGGING)
403 MEM_SIZE total_size = 0;
406 /* Even though calloc() for zero bytes is strange, be robust. */
407 if (size && (count <= MEM_SIZE_MAX / size)) {
408 #if defined(USE_MDH) || defined(DEBUGGING)
409 total_size = size * count;
415 if (PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE <= MEM_SIZE_MAX - (MEM_SIZE)total_size)
416 total_size += PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE;
421 if ((SSize_t)size < 0 || (SSize_t)count < 0)
422 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: calloc, size=%"UVuf", count=%"UVuf,
423 (UV)size, (UV)count);
425 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
426 if ((ptr = mmap(0, total_size ? total_size : 1, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
427 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
428 perror("mmap failed");
431 #elif defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)
432 /* Have to use malloc() because we've added some space for our tracking
434 /* malloc(0) is non-portable. */
435 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(total_size ? total_size : 1);
437 /* Use calloc() because it might save a memset() if the memory is fresh
438 and clean from the OS. */
440 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(count, size);
441 else /* calloc(0) is non-portable. */
442 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(count ? count : 1, size ? size : 1);
444 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
445 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) calloc %ld x %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)count,(long)total_size));
449 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
450 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
452 # ifndef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
453 memset((void*)ptr, 0, total_size);
455 # ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
456 header->interpreter = aTHX;
457 /* Link us into the list. */
458 header->prev = &PL_memory_debug_header;
459 header->next = PL_memory_debug_header.next;
460 PL_memory_debug_header.next = header;
461 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
462 header->next->prev = header;
463 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
464 # ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
465 header->readonly = 0;
469 header->size = total_size;
471 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
477 #ifndef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
486 /* These must be defined when not using Perl's malloc for binary
491 Malloc_t Perl_malloc (MEM_SIZE nbytes)
493 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
496 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(nbytes);
499 Malloc_t Perl_calloc (MEM_SIZE elements, MEM_SIZE size)
501 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
504 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(elements, size);
507 Malloc_t Perl_realloc (Malloc_t where, MEM_SIZE nbytes)
509 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
512 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_realloc(where, nbytes);
515 Free_t Perl_mfree (Malloc_t where)
517 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
525 /* copy a string up to some (non-backslashed) delimiter, if any.
526 * With allow_escape, converts \<delimiter> to <delimiter>, while leaves
527 * \<non-delimiter> as-is.
528 * Returns the position in the src string of the closing delimiter, if
529 * any, or returns fromend otherwise.
530 * This is the internal implementation for Perl_delimcpy and
531 * Perl_delimcpy_no_escape.
535 S_delimcpy_intern(char *to, const char *toend, const char *from,
536 const char *fromend, int delim, I32 *retlen,
537 const bool allow_escape)
541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DELIMCPY;
543 for (tolen = 0; from < fromend; from++, tolen++) {
544 if (allow_escape && *from == '\\' && from + 1 < fromend) {
545 if (from[1] != delim) {
552 else if (*from == delim)
564 Perl_delimcpy(char *to, const char *toend, const char *from, const char *fromend, int delim, I32 *retlen)
566 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DELIMCPY;
568 return S_delimcpy_intern(to, toend, from, fromend, delim, retlen, 1);
572 Perl_delimcpy_no_escape(char *to, const char *toend, const char *from,
573 const char *fromend, int delim, I32 *retlen)
575 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DELIMCPY_NO_ESCAPE;
577 return S_delimcpy_intern(to, toend, from, fromend, delim, retlen, 0);
581 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
583 =for apidoc Am|char *|ninstr|char * big|char * bigend|char * little|char * little_end
585 Find the first (leftmost) occurrence of a sequence of bytes within another
586 sequence. This is the Perl version of C<strstr()>, extended to handle
587 arbitrary sequences, potentially containing embedded C<NUL> characters (C<NUL>
588 is what the initial C<n> in the function name stands for; some systems have an
589 equivalent, C<memmem()>, but with a somewhat different API).
591 Another way of thinking about this function is finding a needle in a haystack.
592 C<big> points to the first byte in the haystack. C<big_end> points to one byte
593 beyond the final byte in the haystack. C<little> points to the first byte in
594 the needle. C<little_end> points to one byte beyond the final byte in the
595 needle. All the parameters must be non-C<NULL>.
597 The function returns C<NULL> if there is no occurrence of C<little> within
598 C<big>. If C<little> is the empty string, C<big> is returned.
600 Because this function operates at the byte level, and because of the inherent
601 characteristics of UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC), it will work properly if both the
602 needle and the haystack are strings with the same UTF-8ness, but not if the
610 Perl_ninstr(const char *big, const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
612 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NINSTR;
615 return ninstr(big, bigend, little, lend);
621 const char first = *little;
623 bigend -= lend - little++;
625 while (big <= bigend) {
626 if (*big++ == first) {
627 for (x=big,s=little; s < lend; x++,s++) {
631 return (char*)(big-1);
642 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
644 =for apidoc Am|char *|rninstr|char * big|char * bigend|char * little|char * little_end
646 Like C<L</ninstr>>, but instead finds the final (rightmost) occurrence of a
647 sequence of bytes within another sequence, returning C<NULL> if there is no
655 Perl_rninstr(const char *big, const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
658 const I32 first = *little;
659 const char * const littleend = lend;
661 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RNINSTR;
663 if (little >= littleend)
664 return (char*)bigend;
666 big = bigend - (littleend - little++);
667 while (big >= bigbeg) {
671 for (x=big+2,s=little; s < littleend; /**/ ) {
680 return (char*)(big+1);
685 /* As a space optimization, we do not compile tables for strings of length
686 0 and 1, and for strings of length 2 unless FBMcf_TAIL. These are
687 special-cased in fbm_instr().
689 If FBMcf_TAIL, the table is created as if the string has a trailing \n. */
692 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
694 =for apidoc fbm_compile
696 Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using C<fbm_instr()>
697 -- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
703 Perl_fbm_compile(pTHX_ SV *sv, U32 flags)
710 PERL_DEB( STRLEN rarest = 0 );
712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FBM_COMPILE;
714 if (isGV_with_GP(sv) || SvROK(sv))
720 if (flags & FBMcf_TAIL) {
721 MAGIC * const mg = SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ? mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
722 sv_catpvs(sv, "\n"); /* Taken into account in fbm_instr() */
723 if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0)
726 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvNIOKp(sv))
727 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_mutable(sv, len);
728 else s = (U8 *)SvPV_mutable(sv, len);
729 if (len == 0) /* TAIL might be on a zero-length string. */
731 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVMG);
735 /* add PERL_MAGIC_bm magic holding the FBM lookup table */
737 assert(!mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_bm));
738 mg = sv_magicext(sv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_bm, &PL_vtbl_bm, NULL, 0);
742 /* Shorter strings are special-cased in Perl_fbm_instr(), and don't use
744 const U8 mlen = (len>255) ? 255 : (U8)len;
745 const unsigned char *const sb = s + len - mlen; /* first char (maybe) */
748 Newx(table, 256, U8);
749 memset((void*)table, mlen, 256);
750 mg->mg_ptr = (char *)table;
753 s += len - 1; /* last char */
756 if (table[*s] == mlen)
762 s = (const unsigned char*)(SvPVX_const(sv)); /* deeper magic */
763 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
764 if (PL_freq[s[i]] < frequency) {
765 PERL_DEB( rarest = i );
766 frequency = PL_freq[s[i]];
769 BmUSEFUL(sv) = 100; /* Initial value */
770 ((XPVNV*)SvANY(sv))->xnv_u.xnv_bm_tail = cBOOL(flags & FBMcf_TAIL);
771 DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "rarest char %c at %"UVuf"\n",
772 s[rarest], (UV)rarest));
777 =for apidoc fbm_instr
779 Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<big> and
780 C<bigend> (C<bigend>) is the char following the last char).
781 It returns C<NULL> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
782 does not have to be C<fbm_compiled>, but the search will not be as fast
787 If SvTAIL(littlestr) is true, a fake "\n" was appended to to the string
788 during FBM compilation due to FBMcf_TAIL in flags. It indicates that
789 the littlestr must be anchored to the end of bigstr (or to any \n if
792 E.g. The regex compiler would compile /abc/ to a littlestr of "abc",
793 while /abc$/ compiles to "abc\n" with SvTAIL() true.
795 A littlestr of "abc", !SvTAIL matches as /abc/;
796 a littlestr of "ab\n", SvTAIL matches as:
797 without FBMrf_MULTILINE: /ab\n?\z/
798 with FBMrf_MULTILINE: /ab\n/ || /ab\z/;
800 (According to Ilya from 1999; I don't know if this is still true, DAPM 2015):
801 "If SvTAIL is actually due to \Z or \z, this gives false positives
807 Perl_fbm_instr(pTHX_ unsigned char *big, unsigned char *bigend, SV *littlestr, U32 flags)
811 const unsigned char *little = (const unsigned char *)SvPV_const(littlestr,l);
812 STRLEN littlelen = l;
813 const I32 multiline = flags & FBMrf_MULTILINE;
814 bool tail = SvVALID(littlestr) ? cBOOL(SvTAIL(littlestr)) : FALSE;
816 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FBM_INSTR;
818 if ((STRLEN)(bigend - big) < littlelen) {
820 && ((STRLEN)(bigend - big) == littlelen - 1)
822 || (*big == *little &&
823 memEQ((char *)big, (char *)little, littlelen - 1))))
828 switch (littlelen) { /* Special cases for 0, 1 and 2 */
830 return (char*)big; /* Cannot be SvTAIL! */
833 if (tail && !multiline) /* Anchor only! */
834 /* [-1] is safe because we know that bigend != big. */
835 return (char *) (bigend - (bigend[-1] == '\n'));
837 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)big, *little, bigend-big);
841 return (char *) bigend;
845 if (tail && !multiline) {
846 /* a littlestr with SvTAIL must be of the form "X\n" (where X
847 * is a single char). It is anchored, and can only match
848 * "....X\n" or "....X" */
849 if (bigend[-2] == *little && bigend[-1] == '\n')
850 return (char*)bigend - 2;
851 if (bigend[-1] == *little)
852 return (char*)bigend - 1;
857 /* memchr() is likely to be very fast, possibly using whatever
858 * hardware support is available, such as checking a whole
859 * cache line in one instruction.
860 * So for a 2 char pattern, calling memchr() is likely to be
861 * faster than running FBM, or rolling our own. The previous
862 * version of this code was roll-your-own which typically
863 * only needed to read every 2nd char, which was good back in
864 * the day, but no longer.
866 unsigned char c1 = little[0];
867 unsigned char c2 = little[1];
869 /* *** for all this case, bigend points to the last char,
870 * not the trailing \0: this makes the conditions slightly
876 /* do a quick test for c1 before calling memchr();
877 * this avoids the expensive fn call overhead when
878 * there are lots of c1's */
879 if (LIKELY(*s != c1)) {
881 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, c1, bigend - s);
888 /* failed; try searching for c2 this time; that way
889 * we don't go pathologically slow when the string
890 * consists mostly of c1's or vice versa.
895 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, c2, bigend - s + 1);
903 /* c1, c2 the same */
913 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, c1, bigend - s);
914 if (!s || s >= bigend)
921 /* failed to find 2 chars; try anchored match at end without
923 if (tail && bigend[0] == little[0])
924 return (char *)bigend;
929 break; /* Only lengths 0 1 and 2 have special-case code. */
932 if (tail && !multiline) { /* tail anchored? */
933 s = bigend - littlelen;
934 if (s >= big && bigend[-1] == '\n' && *s == *little
935 /* Automatically of length > 2 */
936 && memEQ((char*)s + 1, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
938 return (char*)s; /* how sweet it is */
941 && memEQ((char*)s + 2, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
943 return (char*)s + 1; /* how sweet it is */
948 if (!SvVALID(littlestr)) {
949 /* not compiled; use Perl_ninstr() instead */
950 char * const b = ninstr((char*)big,(char*)bigend,
951 (char*)little, (char*)little + littlelen);
953 if (!b && tail) { /* Automatically multiline! */
954 /* Chop \n from littlestr: */
955 s = bigend - littlelen + 1;
957 && memEQ((char*)s + 1, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
967 if (littlelen > (STRLEN)(bigend - big))
971 const MAGIC *const mg = mg_find(littlestr, PERL_MAGIC_bm);
972 const unsigned char *oldlittle;
976 --littlelen; /* Last char found by table lookup */
979 little += littlelen; /* last char */
982 const unsigned char * const table = (const unsigned char *) mg->mg_ptr;
983 const unsigned char lastc = *little;
987 if ((tmp = table[*s])) {
988 /* *s != lastc; earliest position it could match now is
989 * tmp slots further on */
990 if ((s += tmp) >= bigend)
992 if (LIKELY(*s != lastc)) {
994 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, lastc, bigend - s);
1004 /* hand-rolled strncmp(): less expensive than calling the
1005 * real function (maybe???) */
1007 unsigned char * const olds = s;
1012 if (*--s == *--little)
1014 s = olds + 1; /* here we pay the price for failure */
1016 if (s < bigend) /* fake up continue to outer loop */
1026 && memEQ((char *)(bigend - littlelen),
1027 (char *)(oldlittle - littlelen), littlelen) )
1028 return (char*)bigend - littlelen;
1037 Returns true if the leading C<len> bytes of the strings C<s1> and C<s2> are the
1039 case-insensitively; false otherwise. Uppercase and lowercase ASCII range bytes
1040 match themselves and their opposite case counterparts. Non-cased and non-ASCII
1041 range bytes match only themselves.
1048 Perl_foldEQ(const char *s1, const char *s2, I32 len)
1050 const U8 *a = (const U8 *)s1;
1051 const U8 *b = (const U8 *)s2;
1053 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLDEQ;
1058 if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold[*b])
1065 Perl_foldEQ_latin1(const char *s1, const char *s2, I32 len)
1067 /* Compare non-utf8 using Unicode (Latin1) semantics. Does not work on
1068 * MICRO_SIGN, LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S, nor
1069 * LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS, and does not check for these. Nor
1070 * does it check that the strings each have at least 'len' characters */
1072 const U8 *a = (const U8 *)s1;
1073 const U8 *b = (const U8 *)s2;
1075 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLDEQ_LATIN1;
1080 if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold_latin1[*b]) {
1089 =for apidoc foldEQ_locale
1091 Returns true if the leading C<len> bytes of the strings C<s1> and C<s2> are the
1092 same case-insensitively in the current locale; false otherwise.
1098 Perl_foldEQ_locale(const char *s1, const char *s2, I32 len)
1101 const U8 *a = (const U8 *)s1;
1102 const U8 *b = (const U8 *)s2;
1104 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLDEQ_LOCALE;
1109 if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold_locale[*b])
1116 /* copy a string to a safe spot */
1119 =head1 Memory Management
1123 Perl's version of C<strdup()>. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated
1124 string which is a duplicate of C<pv>. The size of the string is
1125 determined by C<strlen()>, which means it may not contain embedded C<NUL>
1126 characters and must have a trailing C<NUL>. The memory allocated for the new
1127 string can be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
1129 On some platforms, Windows for example, all allocated memory owned by a thread
1130 is deallocated when that thread ends. So if you need that not to happen, you
1131 need to use the shared memory functions, such as C<L</savesharedpv>>.
1137 Perl_savepv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
1139 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1144 const STRLEN pvlen = strlen(pv)+1;
1145 Newx(newaddr, pvlen, char);
1146 return (char*)memcpy(newaddr, pv, pvlen);
1150 /* same thing but with a known length */
1155 Perl's version of what C<strndup()> would be if it existed. Returns a
1156 pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first
1157 C<len> bytes from C<pv>, plus a trailing
1158 C<NUL> byte. The memory allocated for
1159 the new string can be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
1161 On some platforms, Windows for example, all allocated memory owned by a thread
1162 is deallocated when that thread ends. So if you need that not to happen, you
1163 need to use the shared memory functions, such as C<L</savesharedpvn>>.
1169 Perl_savepvn(pTHX_ const char *pv, I32 len)
1172 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1176 Newx(newaddr,len+1,char);
1177 /* Give a meaning to NULL pointer mainly for the use in sv_magic() */
1179 /* might not be null terminated */
1180 newaddr[len] = '\0';
1181 return (char *) CopyD(pv,newaddr,len,char);
1184 return (char *) ZeroD(newaddr,len+1,char);
1189 =for apidoc savesharedpv
1191 A version of C<savepv()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
1192 which is shared between threads.
1197 Perl_savesharedpv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
1202 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1207 pvlen = strlen(pv)+1;
1208 newaddr = (char*)PerlMemShared_malloc(pvlen);
1212 return (char*)memcpy(newaddr, pv, pvlen);
1216 =for apidoc savesharedpvn
1218 A version of C<savepvn()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
1219 which is shared between threads. (With the specific difference that a C<NULL>
1220 pointer is not acceptable)
1225 Perl_savesharedpvn(pTHX_ const char *const pv, const STRLEN len)
1227 char *const newaddr = (char*)PerlMemShared_malloc(len + 1);
1229 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1230 /* PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVESHAREDPVN; */
1235 newaddr[len] = '\0';
1236 return (char*)memcpy(newaddr, pv, len);
1240 =for apidoc savesvpv
1242 A version of C<savepv()>/C<savepvn()> which gets the string to duplicate from
1243 the passed in SV using C<SvPV()>
1245 On some platforms, Windows for example, all allocated memory owned by a thread
1246 is deallocated when that thread ends. So if you need that not to happen, you
1247 need to use the shared memory functions, such as C<L</savesharedsvpv>>.
1253 Perl_savesvpv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
1256 const char * const pv = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1259 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVESVPV;
1262 Newx(newaddr,len,char);
1263 return (char *) CopyD(pv,newaddr,len,char);
1267 =for apidoc savesharedsvpv
1269 A version of C<savesharedpv()> which allocates the duplicate string in
1270 memory which is shared between threads.
1276 Perl_savesharedsvpv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
1279 const char * const pv = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1281 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVESHAREDSVPV;
1283 return savesharedpvn(pv, len);
1286 /* the SV for Perl_form() and mess() is not kept in an arena */
1294 if (PL_phase != PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT)
1295 return newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
1300 /* Create as PVMG now, to avoid any upgrading later */
1302 Newxz(any, 1, XPVMG);
1303 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVt_PVMG;
1304 SvANY(sv) = (void*)any;
1306 SvREFCNT(sv) = 1 << 30; /* practically infinite */
1311 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1313 Perl_form_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1318 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORM_NOCONTEXT;
1319 va_start(args, pat);
1320 retval = vform(pat, &args);
1324 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1327 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
1330 Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
1331 (non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
1333 (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1335 can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
1337 char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
1339 Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
1340 must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
1347 Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1351 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORM;
1352 va_start(args, pat);
1353 retval = vform(pat, &args);
1359 Perl_vform(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1361 SV * const sv = mess_alloc();
1362 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VFORM;
1363 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
1368 =for apidoc Am|SV *|mess|const char *pat|...
1370 Take a sprintf-style format pattern and argument list. These are used to
1371 generate a string message. If the message does not end with a newline,
1372 then it will be extended with some indication of the current location
1373 in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1375 Normally, the resulting message is returned in a new mortal SV.
1376 During global destruction a single SV may be shared between uses of
1382 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1384 Perl_mess_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1389 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MESS_NOCONTEXT;
1390 va_start(args, pat);
1391 retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1395 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1398 Perl_mess(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1402 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MESS;
1403 va_start(args, pat);
1404 retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1410 Perl_closest_cop(pTHX_ const COP *cop, const OP *o, const OP *curop,
1413 /* Look for curop starting from o. cop is the last COP we've seen. */
1414 /* opnext means that curop is actually the ->op_next of the op we are
1417 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CLOSEST_COP;
1419 if (!o || !curop || (
1420 opnext ? o->op_next == curop && o->op_type != OP_SCOPE : o == curop
1424 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1426 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid)) {
1429 /* If the OP_NEXTSTATE has been optimised away we can still use it
1430 * the get the file and line number. */
1432 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE)
1433 cop = (const COP *)kid;
1435 /* Keep searching, and return when we've found something. */
1437 new_cop = closest_cop(cop, kid, curop, opnext);
1443 /* Nothing found. */
1449 =for apidoc Am|SV *|mess_sv|SV *basemsg|bool consume
1451 Expands a message, intended for the user, to include an indication of
1452 the current location in the code, if the message does not already appear
1455 C<basemsg> is the initial message or object. If it is a reference, it
1456 will be used as-is and will be the result of this function. Otherwise it
1457 is used as a string, and if it already ends with a newline, it is taken
1458 to be complete, and the result of this function will be the same string.
1459 If the message does not end with a newline, then a segment such as C<at
1460 foo.pl line 37> will be appended, and possibly other clauses indicating
1461 the current state of execution. The resulting message will end with a
1464 Normally, the resulting message is returned in a new mortal SV.
1465 During global destruction a single SV may be shared between uses of this
1466 function. If C<consume> is true, then the function is permitted (but not
1467 required) to modify and return C<basemsg> instead of allocating a new SV.
1473 Perl_mess_sv(pTHX_ SV *basemsg, bool consume)
1477 #if defined(USE_C_BACKTRACE) && defined(USE_C_BACKTRACE_ON_ERROR)
1481 /* The PERL_C_BACKTRACE_ON_WARN must be an integer of one or more. */
1482 if ((ws = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_C_BACKTRACE_ON_ERROR"))
1483 && grok_atoUV(ws, &wi, NULL)
1484 && wi <= PERL_INT_MAX
1486 Perl_dump_c_backtrace(aTHX_ Perl_debug_log, (int)wi, 1);
1491 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MESS_SV;
1493 if (SvROK(basemsg)) {
1499 sv_setsv(sv, basemsg);
1504 if (SvPOK(basemsg) && consume) {
1509 sv_copypv(sv, basemsg);
1512 if (!SvCUR(sv) || *(SvEND(sv) - 1) != '\n') {
1514 * Try and find the file and line for PL_op. This will usually be
1515 * PL_curcop, but it might be a cop that has been optimised away. We
1516 * can try to find such a cop by searching through the optree starting
1517 * from the sibling of PL_curcop.
1521 closest_cop(PL_curcop, OpSIBLING(PL_curcop), PL_op, FALSE);
1526 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " at %s line %"IVdf,
1527 OutCopFILE(cop), (IV)CopLINE(cop));
1528 /* Seems that GvIO() can be untrustworthy during global destruction. */
1529 if (GvIO(PL_last_in_gv) && (SvTYPE(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)) == SVt_PVIO)
1530 && IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)))
1533 const bool line_mode = (RsSIMPLE(PL_rs) &&
1534 *SvPV_const(PL_rs,l) == '\n' && l == 1);
1535 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, ", <%"SVf"> %s %"IVdf,
1536 SVfARG(PL_last_in_gv == PL_argvgv
1538 : sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(PL_last_in_gv)))),
1539 line_mode ? "line" : "chunk",
1540 (IV)IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)));
1542 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT)
1543 sv_catpvs(sv, " during global destruction");
1544 sv_catpvs(sv, ".\n");
1550 =for apidoc Am|SV *|vmess|const char *pat|va_list *args
1552 C<pat> and C<args> are a sprintf-style format pattern and encapsulated
1553 argument list, respectively. These are used to generate a string message. If
1555 message does not end with a newline, then it will be extended with
1556 some indication of the current location in the code, as described for
1559 Normally, the resulting message is returned in a new mortal SV.
1560 During global destruction a single SV may be shared between uses of
1567 Perl_vmess(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1569 SV * const sv = mess_alloc();
1571 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VMESS;
1573 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
1574 return mess_sv(sv, 1);
1578 Perl_write_to_stderr(pTHX_ SV* msv)
1583 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WRITE_TO_STDERR;
1585 if (PL_stderrgv && SvREFCNT(PL_stderrgv)
1586 && (io = GvIO(PL_stderrgv))
1587 && (mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar)))
1588 Perl_magic_methcall(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(io), mg, SV_CONST(PRINT),
1589 G_SCALAR | G_DISCARD | G_WRITING_TO_STDERR, 1, msv);
1591 PerlIO * const serr = Perl_error_log;
1593 do_print(msv, serr);
1594 (void)PerlIO_flush(serr);
1599 =head1 Warning and Dieing
1602 /* Common code used in dieing and warning */
1605 S_with_queued_errors(pTHX_ SV *ex)
1607 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WITH_QUEUED_ERRORS;
1608 if (PL_errors && SvCUR(PL_errors) && !SvROK(ex)) {
1609 sv_catsv(PL_errors, ex);
1610 ex = sv_mortalcopy(PL_errors);
1611 SvCUR_set(PL_errors, 0);
1617 S_invoke_exception_hook(pTHX_ SV *ex, bool warn)
1622 SV **const hook = warn ? &PL_warnhook : &PL_diehook;
1623 /* sv_2cv might call Perl_croak() or Perl_warner() */
1624 SV * const oldhook = *hook;
1632 cv = sv_2cv(oldhook, &stash, &gv, 0);
1634 if (cv && !CvDEPTH(cv) && (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv))) {
1644 exarg = newSVsv(ex);
1645 SvREADONLY_on(exarg);
1648 PUSHSTACKi(warn ? PERLSI_WARNHOOK : PERLSI_DIEHOOK);
1652 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
1661 =for apidoc Am|OP *|die_sv|SV *baseex
1663 Behaves the same as L</croak_sv>, except for the return type.
1664 It should be used only where the C<OP *> return type is required.
1665 The function never actually returns.
1671 # pragma warning( push )
1672 # pragma warning( disable : 4646 ) /* warning C4646: function declared with
1673 __declspec(noreturn) has non-void return type */
1674 # pragma warning( disable : 4645 ) /* warning C4645: function declared with
1675 __declspec(noreturn) has a return statement */
1678 Perl_die_sv(pTHX_ SV *baseex)
1680 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DIE_SV;
1683 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
1686 # pragma warning( pop )
1690 =for apidoc Am|OP *|die|const char *pat|...
1692 Behaves the same as L</croak>, except for the return type.
1693 It should be used only where the C<OP *> return type is required.
1694 The function never actually returns.
1699 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1701 # pragma warning( push )
1702 # pragma warning( disable : 4646 ) /* warning C4646: function declared with
1703 __declspec(noreturn) has non-void return type */
1704 # pragma warning( disable : 4645 ) /* warning C4645: function declared with
1705 __declspec(noreturn) has a return statement */
1708 Perl_die_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1712 va_start(args, pat);
1714 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1716 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
1719 # pragma warning( pop )
1721 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1724 # pragma warning( push )
1725 # pragma warning( disable : 4646 ) /* warning C4646: function declared with
1726 __declspec(noreturn) has non-void return type */
1727 # pragma warning( disable : 4645 ) /* warning C4645: function declared with
1728 __declspec(noreturn) has a return statement */
1731 Perl_die(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1734 va_start(args, pat);
1736 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1738 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
1741 # pragma warning( pop )
1745 =for apidoc Am|void|croak_sv|SV *baseex
1747 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1749 C<baseex> is the error message or object. If it is a reference, it
1750 will be used as-is. Otherwise it is used as a string, and if it does
1751 not end with a newline then it will be extended with some indication of
1752 the current location in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1754 The error message or object will be used as an exception, by default
1755 returning control to the nearest enclosing C<eval>, but subject to
1756 modification by a C<$SIG{__DIE__}> handler. In any case, the C<croak_sv>
1757 function never returns normally.
1759 To die with a simple string message, the L</croak> function may be
1766 Perl_croak_sv(pTHX_ SV *baseex)
1768 SV *ex = with_queued_errors(mess_sv(baseex, 0));
1769 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CROAK_SV;
1770 invoke_exception_hook(ex, FALSE);
1775 =for apidoc Am|void|vcroak|const char *pat|va_list *args
1777 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1779 C<pat> and C<args> are a sprintf-style format pattern and encapsulated
1780 argument list. These are used to generate a string message. If the
1781 message does not end with a newline, then it will be extended with
1782 some indication of the current location in the code, as described for
1785 The error message will be used as an exception, by default
1786 returning control to the nearest enclosing C<eval>, but subject to
1787 modification by a C<$SIG{__DIE__}> handler. In any case, the C<croak>
1788 function never returns normally.
1790 For historical reasons, if C<pat> is null then the contents of C<ERRSV>
1791 (C<$@>) will be used as an error message or object instead of building an
1792 error message from arguments. If you want to throw a non-string object,
1793 or build an error message in an SV yourself, it is preferable to use
1794 the L</croak_sv> function, which does not involve clobbering C<ERRSV>.
1800 Perl_vcroak(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1802 SV *ex = with_queued_errors(pat ? vmess(pat, args) : mess_sv(ERRSV, 0));
1803 invoke_exception_hook(ex, FALSE);
1808 =for apidoc Am|void|croak|const char *pat|...
1810 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1812 Take a sprintf-style format pattern and argument list. These are used to
1813 generate a string message. If the message does not end with a newline,
1814 then it will be extended with some indication of the current location
1815 in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1817 The error message will be used as an exception, by default
1818 returning control to the nearest enclosing C<eval>, but subject to
1819 modification by a C<$SIG{__DIE__}> handler. In any case, the C<croak>
1820 function never returns normally.
1822 For historical reasons, if C<pat> is null then the contents of C<ERRSV>
1823 (C<$@>) will be used as an error message or object instead of building an
1824 error message from arguments. If you want to throw a non-string object,
1825 or build an error message in an SV yourself, it is preferable to use
1826 the L</croak_sv> function, which does not involve clobbering C<ERRSV>.
1831 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1833 Perl_croak_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1837 va_start(args, pat);
1839 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1842 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1845 Perl_croak(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1848 va_start(args, pat);
1850 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1855 =for apidoc Am|void|croak_no_modify
1857 Exactly equivalent to C<Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", PL_no_modify)>, but generates
1858 terser object code than using C<Perl_croak>. Less code used on exception code
1859 paths reduces CPU cache pressure.
1865 Perl_croak_no_modify(void)
1867 Perl_croak_nocontext( "%s", PL_no_modify);
1870 /* does not return, used in util.c perlio.c and win32.c
1871 This is typically called when malloc returns NULL.
1874 Perl_croak_no_mem(void)
1878 int fd = PerlIO_fileno(Perl_error_log);
1880 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1882 /* Can't use PerlIO to write as it allocates memory */
1883 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, PL_no_mem, sizeof(PL_no_mem)-1));
1888 /* does not return, used only in POPSTACK */
1890 Perl_croak_popstack(void)
1893 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "panic: POPSTACK\n");
1898 =for apidoc Am|void|warn_sv|SV *baseex
1900 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<warn> function.
1902 C<baseex> is the error message or object. If it is a reference, it
1903 will be used as-is. Otherwise it is used as a string, and if it does
1904 not end with a newline then it will be extended with some indication of
1905 the current location in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1907 The error message or object will by default be written to standard error,
1908 but this is subject to modification by a C<$SIG{__WARN__}> handler.
1910 To warn with a simple string message, the L</warn> function may be
1917 Perl_warn_sv(pTHX_ SV *baseex)
1919 SV *ex = mess_sv(baseex, 0);
1920 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARN_SV;
1921 if (!invoke_exception_hook(ex, TRUE))
1922 write_to_stderr(ex);
1926 =for apidoc Am|void|vwarn|const char *pat|va_list *args
1928 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<warn> function.
1930 C<pat> and C<args> are a sprintf-style format pattern and encapsulated
1931 argument list. These are used to generate a string message. If the
1932 message does not end with a newline, then it will be extended with
1933 some indication of the current location in the code, as described for
1936 The error message or object will by default be written to standard error,
1937 but this is subject to modification by a C<$SIG{__WARN__}> handler.
1939 Unlike with L</vcroak>, C<pat> is not permitted to be null.
1945 Perl_vwarn(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1947 SV *ex = vmess(pat, args);
1948 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VWARN;
1949 if (!invoke_exception_hook(ex, TRUE))
1950 write_to_stderr(ex);
1954 =for apidoc Am|void|warn|const char *pat|...
1956 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<warn> function.
1958 Take a sprintf-style format pattern and argument list. These are used to
1959 generate a string message. If the message does not end with a newline,
1960 then it will be extended with some indication of the current location
1961 in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1963 The error message or object will by default be written to standard error,
1964 but this is subject to modification by a C<$SIG{__WARN__}> handler.
1966 Unlike with L</croak>, C<pat> is not permitted to be null.
1971 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1973 Perl_warn_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1977 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARN_NOCONTEXT;
1978 va_start(args, pat);
1982 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1985 Perl_warn(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1988 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARN;
1989 va_start(args, pat);
1994 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1996 Perl_warner_nocontext(U32 err, const char *pat, ...)
2000 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARNER_NOCONTEXT;
2001 va_start(args, pat);
2002 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
2005 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
2008 Perl_ck_warner_d(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, ...)
2010 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_WARNER_D;
2012 if (Perl_ckwarn_d(aTHX_ err)) {
2014 va_start(args, pat);
2015 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
2021 Perl_ck_warner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, ...)
2023 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_WARNER;
2025 if (Perl_ckwarn(aTHX_ err)) {
2027 va_start(args, pat);
2028 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
2034 Perl_warner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat,...)
2037 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARNER;
2038 va_start(args, pat);
2039 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
2044 Perl_vwarner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, va_list* args)
2047 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VWARNER;
2049 (PL_warnhook == PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL || ckDEAD(err)) &&
2050 !(PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2052 SV * const msv = vmess(pat, args);
2054 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count) {
2058 invoke_exception_hook(msv, FALSE);
2063 Perl_vwarn(aTHX_ pat, args);
2067 /* implements the ckWARN? macros */
2070 Perl_ckwarn(pTHX_ U32 w)
2072 /* If lexical warnings have not been set, use $^W. */
2074 return PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON;
2076 return ckwarn_common(w);
2079 /* implements the ckWARN?_d macro */
2082 Perl_ckwarn_d(pTHX_ U32 w)
2084 /* If lexical warnings have not been set then default classes warn. */
2088 return ckwarn_common(w);
2092 S_ckwarn_common(pTHX_ U32 w)
2094 if (PL_curcop->cop_warnings == pWARN_ALL)
2097 if (PL_curcop->cop_warnings == pWARN_NONE)
2100 /* Check the assumption that at least the first slot is non-zero. */
2101 assert(unpackWARN1(w));
2103 /* Check the assumption that it is valid to stop as soon as a zero slot is
2105 if (!unpackWARN2(w)) {
2106 assert(!unpackWARN3(w));
2107 assert(!unpackWARN4(w));
2108 } else if (!unpackWARN3(w)) {
2109 assert(!unpackWARN4(w));
2112 /* Right, dealt with all the special cases, which are implemented as non-
2113 pointers, so there is a pointer to a real warnings mask. */
2115 if (isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN1(w)))
2117 } while (w >>= WARNshift);
2122 /* Set buffer=NULL to get a new one. */
2124 Perl_new_warnings_bitfield(pTHX_ STRLEN *buffer, const char *const bits,
2126 const MEM_SIZE len_wanted =
2127 sizeof(STRLEN) + (size > WARNsize ? size : WARNsize);
2128 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2129 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_WARNINGS_BITFIELD;
2132 (specialWARN(buffer) ?
2133 PerlMemShared_malloc(len_wanted) :
2134 PerlMemShared_realloc(buffer, len_wanted));
2136 Copy(bits, (buffer + 1), size, char);
2137 if (size < WARNsize)
2138 Zero((char *)(buffer + 1) + size, WARNsize - size, char);
2142 /* since we've already done strlen() for both nam and val
2143 * we can use that info to make things faster than
2144 * sprintf(s, "%s=%s", nam, val)
2146 #define my_setenv_format(s, nam, nlen, val, vlen) \
2147 Copy(nam, s, nlen, char); \
2149 Copy(val, s+(nlen+1), vlen, char); \
2150 *(s+(nlen+1+vlen)) = '\0'
2152 #ifdef USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY
2153 /* VMS' my_setenv() is in vms.c */
2154 #if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(NETWARE)
2156 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ const char *nam, const char *val)
2160 amigaos4_obtain_environ(__FUNCTION__);
2163 /* only parent thread can modify process environment */
2164 if (PL_curinterp == aTHX)
2167 #ifndef PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
2168 if (!PL_use_safe_putenv) {
2169 /* most putenv()s leak, so we manipulate environ directly */
2171 const I32 len = strlen(nam);
2174 /* where does it go? */
2175 for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
2176 if (strnEQ(environ[i],nam,len) && environ[i][len] == '=')
2180 if (environ == PL_origenviron) { /* need we copy environment? */
2186 while (environ[max])
2188 tmpenv = (char**)safesysmalloc((max+2) * sizeof(char*));
2189 for (j=0; j<max; j++) { /* copy environment */
2190 const int len = strlen(environ[j]);
2191 tmpenv[j] = (char*)safesysmalloc((len+1)*sizeof(char));
2192 Copy(environ[j], tmpenv[j], len+1, char);
2195 environ = tmpenv; /* tell exec where it is now */
2198 safesysfree(environ[i]);
2199 while (environ[i]) {
2200 environ[i] = environ[i+1];
2209 if (!environ[i]) { /* does not exist yet */
2210 environ = (char**)safesysrealloc(environ, (i+2) * sizeof(char*));
2211 environ[i+1] = NULL; /* make sure it's null terminated */
2214 safesysfree(environ[i]);
2218 environ[i] = (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen+vlen+2) * sizeof(char));
2219 /* all that work just for this */
2220 my_setenv_format(environ[i], nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2223 /* This next branch should only be called #if defined(HAS_SETENV), but
2224 Configure doesn't test for that yet. For Solaris, setenv() and unsetenv()
2225 were introduced in Solaris 9, so testing for HAS UNSETENV is sufficient.
2227 # if defined(__CYGWIN__)|| defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__riscos__) || (defined(__sun) && defined(HAS_UNSETENV)) || defined(PERL_DARWIN)
2228 # if defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
2230 (void)unsetenv(nam);
2232 (void)setenv(nam, val, 1);
2234 # else /* ! HAS_UNSETENV */
2235 (void)setenv(nam, val, 1);
2236 # endif /* HAS_UNSETENV */
2238 # if defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
2240 if (environ) /* old glibc can crash with null environ */
2241 (void)unsetenv(nam);
2243 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
2244 const int vlen = strlen(val);
2245 char * const new_env =
2246 (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen + vlen + 2) * sizeof(char));
2247 my_setenv_format(new_env, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2248 (void)putenv(new_env);
2250 # else /* ! HAS_UNSETENV */
2252 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
2258 new_env = (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen + vlen + 2) * sizeof(char));
2259 /* all that work just for this */
2260 my_setenv_format(new_env, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2261 (void)putenv(new_env);
2262 # endif /* HAS_UNSETENV */
2263 # endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
2264 #ifndef PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
2270 amigaos4_release_environ(__FUNCTION__);
2274 #else /* WIN32 || NETWARE */
2277 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ const char *nam, const char *val)
2281 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
2288 Newx(envstr, nlen+vlen+2, char);
2289 my_setenv_format(envstr, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2290 (void)PerlEnv_putenv(envstr);
2294 #endif /* WIN32 || NETWARE */
2298 #ifdef UNLINK_ALL_VERSIONS
2300 Perl_unlnk(pTHX_ const char *f) /* unlink all versions of a file */
2304 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UNLNK;
2306 while (PerlLIO_unlink(f) >= 0)
2308 return retries ? 0 : -1;
2312 /* this is a drop-in replacement for bcopy(), except for the return
2313 * value, which we need to be able to emulate memcpy() */
2314 #if !defined(HAS_MEMCPY) || (!defined(HAS_MEMMOVE) && !defined(HAS_SAFE_MEMCPY))
2316 Perl_my_bcopy(const void *vfrom, void *vto, size_t len)
2318 #if defined(HAS_BCOPY) && defined(HAS_SAFE_BCOPY)
2319 bcopy(vfrom, vto, len);
2321 const unsigned char *from = (const unsigned char *)vfrom;
2322 unsigned char *to = (unsigned char *)vto;
2324 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_BCOPY;
2326 if (from - to >= 0) {
2334 *(--to) = *(--from);
2342 /* this is a drop-in replacement for memset() */
2345 Perl_my_memset(void *vloc, int ch, size_t len)
2347 unsigned char *loc = (unsigned char *)vloc;
2349 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_MEMSET;
2357 /* this is a drop-in replacement for bzero() */
2358 #if !defined(HAS_BZERO) && !defined(HAS_MEMSET)
2360 Perl_my_bzero(void *vloc, size_t len)
2362 unsigned char *loc = (unsigned char *)vloc;
2364 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_BZERO;
2372 /* this is a drop-in replacement for memcmp() */
2373 #if !defined(HAS_MEMCMP) || !defined(HAS_SANE_MEMCMP)
2375 Perl_my_memcmp(const void *vs1, const void *vs2, size_t len)
2377 const U8 *a = (const U8 *)vs1;
2378 const U8 *b = (const U8 *)vs2;
2381 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_MEMCMP;
2384 if ((tmp = *a++ - *b++))
2389 #endif /* !HAS_MEMCMP || !HAS_SANE_MEMCMP */
2392 /* This vsprintf replacement should generally never get used, since
2393 vsprintf was available in both System V and BSD 2.11. (There may
2394 be some cross-compilation or embedded set-ups where it is needed,
2397 If you encounter a problem in this function, it's probably a symptom
2398 that Configure failed to detect your system's vprintf() function.
2399 See the section on "item vsprintf" in the INSTALL file.
2401 This version may compile on systems with BSD-ish <stdio.h>,
2402 but probably won't on others.
2405 #ifdef USE_CHAR_VSPRINTF
2410 vsprintf(char *dest, const char *pat, void *args)
2414 #if defined(STDIO_PTR_LVALUE) && defined(STDIO_CNT_LVALUE)
2415 FILE_ptr(&fakebuf) = (STDCHAR *) dest;
2416 FILE_cnt(&fakebuf) = 32767;
2418 /* These probably won't compile -- If you really need
2419 this, you'll have to figure out some other method. */
2420 fakebuf._ptr = dest;
2421 fakebuf._cnt = 32767;
2426 fakebuf._flag = _IOWRT|_IOSTRG;
2427 _doprnt(pat, args, &fakebuf); /* what a kludge */
2428 #if defined(STDIO_PTR_LVALUE)
2429 *(FILE_ptr(&fakebuf)++) = '\0';
2431 /* PerlIO has probably #defined away fputc, but we want it here. */
2433 # undef fputc /* XXX Should really restore it later */
2435 (void)fputc('\0', &fakebuf);
2437 #ifdef USE_CHAR_VSPRINTF
2440 return 0; /* perl doesn't use return value */
2444 #endif /* HAS_VPRINTF */
2447 Perl_my_popen_list(pTHX_ const char *mode, int n, SV **args)
2449 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK)) && !defined(OS2) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(NETWARE) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__) && !defined(__amigaos4__)
2457 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_POPEN_LIST;
2459 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2460 This = (*mode == 'w');
2464 taint_proper("Insecure %s%s", "EXEC");
2466 if (PerlProc_pipe(p) < 0)
2468 /* Try for another pipe pair for error return */
2469 if (PerlProc_pipe(pp) >= 0)
2471 while ((pid = PerlProc_fork()) < 0) {
2472 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
2473 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2474 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2476 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2477 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2481 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds");
2490 /* Close parent's end of error status pipe (if any) */
2492 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2493 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD) && defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
2494 /* Close error pipe automatically if exec works */
2495 if (fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0)
2499 /* Now dup our end of _the_ pipe to right position */
2500 if (p[THIS] != (*mode == 'r')) {
2501 PerlLIO_dup2(p[THIS], *mode == 'r');
2502 PerlLIO_close(p[THIS]);
2503 if (p[THAT] != (*mode == 'r')) /* if dup2() didn't close it */
2504 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]); /* close parent's end of _the_ pipe */
2507 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]); /* close parent's end of _the_ pipe */
2508 #if !defined(HAS_FCNTL) || !defined(F_SETFD)
2509 /* No automatic close - do it by hand */
2516 for (fd = PL_maxsysfd + 1; fd < NOFILE; fd++) {
2522 do_aexec5(NULL, args-1, args-1+n, pp[1], did_pipes);
2528 do_execfree(); /* free any memory malloced by child on fork */
2530 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2531 /* Keep the lower of the two fd numbers */
2532 if (p[that] < p[This]) {
2533 PerlLIO_dup2(p[This], p[that]);
2534 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2538 PerlLIO_close(p[that]); /* close child's end of pipe */
2540 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,p[This],TRUE);
2541 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2543 PL_forkprocess = pid;
2544 /* If we managed to get status pipe check for exec fail */
2545 if (did_pipes && pid > 0) {
2550 while (n < sizeof(int)) {
2551 n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
2552 (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
2558 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2560 if (n) { /* Error */
2562 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2563 if (n != sizeof(int))
2564 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read, n=%u", n);
2566 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2567 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2568 errno = errkid; /* Propagate errno from kid */
2573 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2574 return PerlIO_fdopen(p[This], mode);
2576 # if defined(OS2) /* Same, without fork()ing and all extra overhead... */
2577 return my_syspopen4(aTHX_ NULL, mode, n, args);
2578 # elif defined(WIN32)
2579 return win32_popenlist(mode, n, args);
2581 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "List form of piped open not implemented");
2582 return (PerlIO *) NULL;
2587 /* VMS' my_popen() is in VMS.c, same with OS/2 and AmigaOS 4. */
2588 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__) && !defined(__amigaos4__)
2590 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2596 const I32 doexec = !(*cmd == '-' && cmd[1] == '\0');
2600 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_POPEN;
2602 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2605 return my_syspopen(aTHX_ cmd,mode);
2608 This = (*mode == 'w');
2610 if (doexec && TAINTING_get) {
2612 taint_proper("Insecure %s%s", "EXEC");
2614 if (PerlProc_pipe(p) < 0)
2616 if (doexec && PerlProc_pipe(pp) >= 0)
2618 while ((pid = PerlProc_fork()) < 0) {
2619 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
2620 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2621 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2623 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2624 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2627 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fork: %s", Strerror(errno));
2630 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds");
2640 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2641 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
2642 if (fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0)
2646 if (p[THIS] != (*mode == 'r')) {
2647 PerlLIO_dup2(p[THIS], *mode == 'r');
2648 PerlLIO_close(p[THIS]);
2649 if (p[THAT] != (*mode == 'r')) /* if dup2() didn't close it */
2650 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]);
2653 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]);
2656 #if !defined(HAS_FCNTL) || !defined(F_SETFD)
2663 for (fd = PL_maxsysfd + 1; fd < NOFILE; fd++)
2668 /* may or may not use the shell */
2669 do_exec3(cmd, pp[1], did_pipes);
2672 #endif /* defined OS2 */
2674 #ifdef PERLIO_USING_CRLF
2675 /* Since we circumvent IO layers when we manipulate low-level
2676 filedescriptors directly, need to manually switch to the
2677 default, binary, low-level mode; see PerlIOBuf_open(). */
2678 PerlLIO_setmode((*mode == 'r'), O_BINARY);
2681 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2682 hv_clear(PL_pidstatus); /* we have no children */
2688 do_execfree(); /* free any memory malloced by child on vfork */
2690 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2691 if (p[that] < p[This]) {
2692 PerlLIO_dup2(p[This], p[that]);
2693 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2697 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2699 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,p[This],TRUE);
2700 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2702 PL_forkprocess = pid;
2703 if (did_pipes && pid > 0) {
2708 while (n < sizeof(int)) {
2709 n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
2710 (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
2716 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2718 if (n) { /* Error */
2720 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2721 if (n != sizeof(int))
2722 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read, n=%u", n);
2724 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2725 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2726 errno = errkid; /* Propagate errno from kid */
2731 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2732 return PerlIO_fdopen(p[This], mode);
2736 FILE *djgpp_popen();
2738 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2740 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2741 /* Call system's popen() to get a FILE *, then import it.
2742 used 0 for 2nd parameter to PerlIO_importFILE;
2745 return PerlIO_importFILE(djgpp_popen(cmd, mode), 0);
2748 #if defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
2750 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2757 #endif /* !DOSISH */
2759 /* this is called in parent before the fork() */
2761 Perl_atfork_lock(void)
2762 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2764 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_perlio_mutex)
2767 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_malloc_mutex)
2769 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_op_mutex)
2772 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2774 /* locks must be held in locking order (if any) */
2776 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_perlio_mutex);
2779 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex);
2785 /* this is called in both parent and child after the fork() */
2787 Perl_atfork_unlock(void)
2788 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2790 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_perlio_mutex)
2793 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_malloc_mutex)
2795 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_op_mutex)
2798 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2800 /* locks must be released in same order as in atfork_lock() */
2802 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_perlio_mutex);
2805 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex);
2814 #if defined(HAS_FORK)
2816 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(HAS_PTHREAD_ATFORK)
2821 /* atfork_lock() and atfork_unlock() are installed as pthread_atfork()
2822 * handlers elsewhere in the code */
2826 #elif defined(__amigaos4__)
2827 return amigaos_fork();
2829 /* this "canna happen" since nothing should be calling here if !HAS_FORK */
2830 Perl_croak_nocontext("fork() not available");
2832 #endif /* HAS_FORK */
2837 dup2(int oldfd, int newfd)
2839 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_DUPFD)
2842 PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2843 return fcntl(oldfd, F_DUPFD, newfd);
2845 #define DUP2_MAX_FDS 256
2846 int fdtmp[DUP2_MAX_FDS];
2852 PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2853 /* good enough for low fd's... */
2854 while ((fd = PerlLIO_dup(oldfd)) != newfd && fd >= 0) {
2855 if (fdx >= DUP2_MAX_FDS) {
2863 PerlLIO_close(fdtmp[--fdx]);
2870 #ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
2873 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2875 struct sigaction act, oact;
2879 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2880 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2881 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2884 act.sa_handler = (void(*)(int))handler;
2885 sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2888 if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
2889 act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART; /* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2891 #if defined(SA_NOCLDWAIT) && !defined(BSDish) /* See [perl #18849] */
2892 if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN)
2893 act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2895 if (sigaction(signo, &act, &oact) == -1)
2896 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2898 return (Sighandler_t) oact.sa_handler;
2902 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2904 struct sigaction oact;
2905 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2907 if (sigaction(signo, (struct sigaction *)NULL, &oact) == -1)
2908 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2910 return (Sighandler_t) oact.sa_handler;
2914 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
2919 struct sigaction act;
2921 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RSIGNAL_SAVE;
2924 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2925 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2929 act.sa_handler = (void(*)(int))handler;
2930 sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2933 if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
2934 act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART; /* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2936 #if defined(SA_NOCLDWAIT) && !defined(BSDish) /* See [perl #18849] */
2937 if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN)
2938 act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2940 return sigaction(signo, &act, save);
2944 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
2949 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2951 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2952 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2956 return sigaction(signo, save, (struct sigaction *)NULL);
2959 #else /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
2962 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2964 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2965 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2966 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2967 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2970 return PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
2981 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2984 Sighandler_t oldsig;
2986 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2987 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2988 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2989 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2993 oldsig = PerlProc_signal(signo, sig_trap);
2994 PerlProc_signal(signo, oldsig);
2996 PerlProc_kill(PerlProc_getpid(), signo);
3001 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
3003 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
3004 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
3005 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
3008 *save = PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
3009 return (*save == (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
3013 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
3015 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
3016 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
3017 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
3020 return (PerlProc_signal(signo, *save) == (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
3023 #endif /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
3024 #endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
3026 /* VMS' my_pclose() is in VMS.c; same with OS/2 */
3027 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__) && !defined(__amigaos4__)
3029 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
3037 const int fd = PerlIO_fileno(ptr);
3040 svp = av_fetch(PL_fdpid,fd,TRUE);
3041 pid = (SvTYPE(*svp) == SVt_IV) ? SvIVX(*svp) : -1;
3045 #if defined(USE_PERLIO)
3046 /* Find out whether the refcount is low enough for us to wait for the
3047 child proc without blocking. */
3048 should_wait = PerlIOUnix_refcnt(fd) == 1 && pid > 0;
3050 should_wait = pid > 0;
3054 if (pid == -1) { /* Opened by popen. */
3055 return my_syspclose(ptr);
3058 close_failed = (PerlIO_close(ptr) == EOF);
3060 if (should_wait) do {
3061 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
3062 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
3069 ? pid2 < 0 ? pid2 : status == 0 ? 0 : (errno = 0, status)
3074 #if defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
3076 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
3081 #endif /* !DOSISH */
3083 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(OS2) || defined(WIN32) || defined(NETWARE)) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
3085 Perl_wait4pid(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int *statusp, int flags)
3088 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WAIT4PID;
3089 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
3091 /* PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS is only defined when neither
3092 waitpid() nor wait4() is available, or on OS/2, which
3093 doesn't appear to support waiting for a progress group
3094 member, so we can only treat a 0 pid as an unknown child.
3101 /* The keys in PL_pidstatus are now the raw 4 (or 8) bytes of the
3102 pid, rather than a string form. */
3103 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,(const char*) &pid,sizeof(Pid_t),FALSE);
3104 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef) {
3105 *statusp = SvIVX(*svp);
3106 (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,(const char*) &pid,sizeof(Pid_t),
3114 hv_iterinit(PL_pidstatus);
3115 if ((entry = hv_iternext(PL_pidstatus))) {
3116 SV * const sv = hv_iterval(PL_pidstatus,entry);
3118 const char * const spid = hv_iterkey(entry,&len);
3120 assert (len == sizeof(Pid_t));
3121 memcpy((char *)&pid, spid, len);
3122 *statusp = SvIVX(sv);
3123 /* The hash iterator is currently on this entry, so simply
3124 calling hv_delete would trigger the lazy delete, which on
3125 aggregate does more work, because next call to hv_iterinit()
3126 would spot the flag, and have to call the delete routine,
3127 while in the meantime any new entries can't re-use that
3129 hv_iterinit(PL_pidstatus);
3130 (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,spid,len,G_DISCARD);
3137 # ifdef HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME
3138 if (!HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
3141 result = PerlProc_waitpid(pid,statusp,flags);
3144 #if !defined(HAS_WAITPID) && defined(HAS_WAIT4)
3145 result = wait4(pid,statusp,flags,NULL);
3148 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
3149 #if defined(HAS_WAITPID) && defined(HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
3154 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do waitpid with flags");
3156 while ((result = PerlProc_wait(statusp)) != pid && pid > 0 && result >= 0)
3157 pidgone(result,*statusp);
3163 #if defined(HAS_WAITPID) || defined(HAS_WAIT4)
3166 if (result < 0 && errno == EINTR) {
3168 errno = EINTR; /* reset in case a signal handler changed $! */
3172 #endif /* !DOSISH || OS2 || WIN32 || NETWARE */
3174 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
3176 S_pidgone(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int status)
3180 sv = *hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,(const char*)&pid,sizeof(Pid_t),TRUE);
3181 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
3182 SvIV_set(sv, status);
3190 int /* Cannot prototype with I32
3192 my_syspclose(PerlIO *ptr)
3195 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
3198 /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
3199 FILE * const f = PerlIO_findFILE(ptr);
3200 const I32 result = pclose(f);
3201 PerlIO_releaseFILE(ptr,f);
3209 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
3211 /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
3212 FILE * const f = PerlIO_findFILE(ptr);
3213 I32 result = djgpp_pclose(f);
3214 result = (result << 8) & 0xff00;
3215 PerlIO_releaseFILE(ptr,f);
3220 #define PERL_REPEATCPY_LINEAR 4
3222 Perl_repeatcpy(char *to, const char *from, I32 len, IV count)
3224 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REPEATCPY;
3229 croak_memory_wrap();
3232 memset(to, *from, count);
3235 IV items, linear, half;
3237 linear = count < PERL_REPEATCPY_LINEAR ? count : PERL_REPEATCPY_LINEAR;
3238 for (items = 0; items < linear; ++items) {
3239 const char *q = from;
3241 for (todo = len; todo > 0; todo--)
3246 while (items <= half) {
3247 IV size = items * len;
3248 memcpy(p, to, size);
3254 memcpy(p, to, (count - items) * len);
3260 Perl_same_dirent(pTHX_ const char *a, const char *b)
3262 char *fa = strrchr(a,'/');
3263 char *fb = strrchr(b,'/');
3266 SV * const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
3268 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAME_DIRENT;
3281 sv_setpvs(tmpsv, ".");
3283 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, a, fa - a);
3284 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf1) < 0)
3287 sv_setpvs(tmpsv, ".");
3289 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, b, fb - b);
3290 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf2) < 0)
3292 return tmpstatbuf1.st_dev == tmpstatbuf2.st_dev &&
3293 tmpstatbuf1.st_ino == tmpstatbuf2.st_ino;
3295 #endif /* !HAS_RENAME */
3298 Perl_find_script(pTHX_ const char *scriptname, bool dosearch,
3299 const char *const *const search_ext, I32 flags)
3301 const char *xfound = NULL;
3302 char *xfailed = NULL;
3303 char tmpbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
3308 #if defined(DOSISH) && !defined(OS2)
3309 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".bat", ".cmd", NULL
3310 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3313 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".cmd", ".btm", ".bat", ".pl", NULL
3314 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3317 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".pl", ".com", NULL
3318 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3320 /* additional extensions to try in each dir if scriptname not found */
3322 static const char *const exts[] = { SEARCH_EXTS };
3323 const char *const *const ext = search_ext ? search_ext : exts;
3324 int extidx = 0, i = 0;
3325 const char *curext = NULL;
3327 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(search_ext);
3328 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 0
3331 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_SCRIPT;
3334 * If dosearch is true and if scriptname does not contain path
3335 * delimiters, search the PATH for scriptname.
3337 * If SEARCH_EXTS is also defined, will look for each
3338 * scriptname{SEARCH_EXTS} whenever scriptname is not found
3339 * while searching the PATH.
3341 * Assuming SEARCH_EXTS is C<".foo",".bar",NULL>, PATH search
3342 * proceeds as follows:
3343 * If DOSISH or VMSISH:
3344 * + look for ./scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
3345 * + search the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
3348 * + look *only* in the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar} (note
3349 * this will not look in '.' if it's not in the PATH)
3354 # ifdef ALWAYS_DEFTYPES
3355 len = strlen(scriptname);
3356 if (!(len == 1 && *scriptname == '-') && scriptname[len-1] != ':') {
3357 int idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
3360 const int hasdir = !dosearch || (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != NULL);
3363 int idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
3366 const int hasdir = (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != NULL);
3368 /* The first time through, just add SEARCH_EXTS to whatever we
3369 * already have, so we can check for default file types. */
3371 (!hasdir && my_trnlnm("DCL$PATH",tmpbuf,idx++)) )
3378 if ((strlen(tmpbuf) + strlen(scriptname)
3379 + MAX_EXT_LEN) >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3380 continue; /* don't search dir with too-long name */
3381 my_strlcat(tmpbuf, scriptname, sizeof(tmpbuf));
3385 if (strEQ(scriptname, "-"))
3387 if (dosearch) { /* Look in '.' first. */
3388 const char *cur = scriptname;
3390 if ((curext = strrchr(scriptname,'.'))) /* possible current ext */
3392 if (strEQ(ext[i++],curext)) {
3393 extidx = -1; /* already has an ext */
3398 DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3399 "Looking for %s\n",cur));
3402 if (PerlLIO_stat(cur,&statbuf) >= 0
3403 && !S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
3412 if (cur == scriptname) {
3413 len = strlen(scriptname);
3414 if (len+MAX_EXT_LEN+1 >= sizeof(tmpbuf))
3416 my_strlcpy(tmpbuf, scriptname, sizeof(tmpbuf));
3419 } while (extidx >= 0 && ext[extidx] /* try an extension? */
3420 && my_strlcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++], sizeof(tmpbuf) - len));
3425 if (dosearch && !strchr(scriptname, '/')
3427 && !strchr(scriptname, '\\')
3429 && (s = PerlEnv_getenv("PATH")))
3433 bufend = s + strlen(s);
3434 while (s < bufend) {
3438 && *s != ';'; len++, s++) {
3439 if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3442 if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3445 s = delimcpy(tmpbuf, tmpbuf + sizeof tmpbuf, s, bufend,
3451 if (len + 1 + strlen(scriptname) + MAX_EXT_LEN >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3452 continue; /* don't search dir with too-long name */
3455 && tmpbuf[len - 1] != '/'
3456 && tmpbuf[len - 1] != '\\'
3459 tmpbuf[len++] = '/';
3460 if (len == 2 && tmpbuf[0] == '.')
3462 (void)my_strlcpy(tmpbuf + len, scriptname, sizeof(tmpbuf) - len);
3466 len = strlen(tmpbuf);
3467 if (extidx > 0) /* reset after previous loop */
3471 DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Looking for %s\n",tmpbuf));
3472 retval = PerlLIO_stat(tmpbuf,&statbuf);
3473 if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
3477 } while ( retval < 0 /* not there */
3478 && extidx>=0 && ext[extidx] /* try an extension? */
3479 && my_strlcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++], sizeof(tmpbuf) - len)
3484 if (S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode)
3485 && cando(S_IRUSR,TRUE,&statbuf)
3486 #if !defined(DOSISH)
3487 && cando(S_IXUSR,TRUE,&statbuf)
3491 xfound = tmpbuf; /* bingo! */
3495 xfailed = savepv(tmpbuf);
3500 if (!xfound && !seen_dot && !xfailed &&
3501 (PerlLIO_stat(scriptname,&statbuf) < 0
3502 || S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)))
3504 seen_dot = 1; /* Disable message. */
3509 if (flags & 1) { /* do or die? */
3510 /* diag_listed_as: Can't execute %s */
3511 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't %s %s%s%s",
3512 (xfailed ? "execute" : "find"),
3513 (xfailed ? xfailed : scriptname),
3514 (xfailed ? "" : " on PATH"),
3515 (xfailed || seen_dot) ? "" : ", '.' not in PATH");
3520 scriptname = xfound;
3522 return (scriptname ? savepv(scriptname) : NULL);
3525 #ifndef PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED
3528 Perl_get_context(void)
3530 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3532 # ifdef OLD_PTHREADS_API
3534 int error = pthread_getspecific(PL_thr_key, &t)
3536 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_getspecific, error=%d", error);
3539 # ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
3540 return (void*)cthread_data(cthread_self());
3542 return (void*)PTHREAD_GETSPECIFIC(PL_thr_key);
3551 Perl_set_context(void *t)
3553 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3556 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SET_CONTEXT;
3557 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3558 # ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
3559 cthread_set_data(cthread_self(), t);
3562 const int error = pthread_setspecific(PL_thr_key, t);
3564 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_setspecific, error=%d", error);
3572 #endif /* !PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED */
3574 #if defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT) && !defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE)
3578 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3584 Perl_get_op_names(pTHX)
3586 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3587 return (char **)PL_op_name;
3591 Perl_get_op_descs(pTHX)
3593 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3594 return (char **)PL_op_desc;
3598 Perl_get_no_modify(pTHX)
3600 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3601 return PL_no_modify;
3605 Perl_get_opargs(pTHX)
3607 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3608 return (U32 *)PL_opargs;
3612 Perl_get_ppaddr(pTHX)
3615 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3616 return (PPADDR_t*)PL_ppaddr;
3619 #ifndef HAS_GETENV_LEN
3621 Perl_getenv_len(pTHX_ const char *env_elem, unsigned long *len)
3623 char * const env_trans = PerlEnv_getenv(env_elem);
3624 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3625 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GETENV_LEN;
3627 *len = strlen(env_trans);
3634 Perl_get_vtbl(pTHX_ int vtbl_id)
3636 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3638 return (vtbl_id < 0 || vtbl_id >= magic_vtable_max)
3639 ? NULL : (MGVTBL*)PL_magic_vtables + vtbl_id;
3643 Perl_my_fflush_all(pTHX)
3645 #if defined(USE_PERLIO) || defined(FFLUSH_NULL)
3646 return PerlIO_flush(NULL);
3648 # if defined(HAS__FWALK)
3649 extern int fflush(FILE *);
3650 /* undocumented, unprototyped, but very useful BSDism */
3651 extern void _fwalk(int (*)(FILE *));
3655 # if defined(FFLUSH_ALL) && defined(HAS_STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY)
3657 # ifdef PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX
3658 open_max = PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX;
3660 # if defined(HAS_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_OPEN_MAX)
3661 open_max = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
3664 open_max = FOPEN_MAX;
3667 open_max = OPEN_MAX;
3678 for (i = 0; i < open_max; i++)
3679 if (STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file >= 0 &&
3680 STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file < open_max &&
3681 STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._flag)
3682 PerlIO_flush(&STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]);
3686 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3693 Perl_report_wrongway_fh(pTHX_ const GV *gv, const char have)
3695 if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
3697 = gv && (isGV_with_GP(gv))
3700 const char * const direction = have == '>' ? "out" : "in";
3702 if (name && HEK_LEN(name))
3703 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
3704 "Filehandle %"HEKf" opened only for %sput",
3705 HEKfARG(name), direction);
3707 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
3708 "Filehandle opened only for %sput", direction);
3713 Perl_report_evil_fh(pTHX_ const GV *gv)
3715 const IO *io = gv ? GvIO(gv) : NULL;
3716 const PERL_BITFIELD16 op = PL_op->op_type;
3720 if (io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_CLOSED) {
3722 warn_type = WARN_CLOSED;
3726 warn_type = WARN_UNOPENED;
3729 if (ckWARN(warn_type)) {
3731 = gv && isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvENAMELEN(gv) ?
3732 sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvENAME_HEK(gv))) : NULL;
3733 const char * const pars =
3734 (const char *)(OP_IS_FILETEST(op) ? "" : "()");
3735 const char * const func =
3737 (op == OP_READLINE || op == OP_RCATLINE
3738 ? "readline" : /* "<HANDLE>" not nice */
3739 op == OP_LEAVEWRITE ? "write" : /* "write exit" not nice */
3741 const char * const type =
3743 (OP_IS_SOCKET(op) || (io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET)
3744 ? "socket" : "filehandle");
3745 const bool have_name = name && SvCUR(name);
3746 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3747 "%s%s on %s %s%s%"SVf, func, pars, vile, type,
3748 have_name ? " " : "",
3749 SVfARG(have_name ? name : &PL_sv_no));
3750 if (io && IoDIRP(io) && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
3752 aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3753 "\t(Are you trying to call %s%s on dirhandle%s%"SVf"?)\n",
3754 func, pars, have_name ? " " : "",
3755 SVfARG(have_name ? name : &PL_sv_no)
3760 /* To workaround core dumps from the uninitialised tm_zone we get the
3761 * system to give us a reasonable struct to copy. This fix means that
3762 * strftime uses the tm_zone and tm_gmtoff values returned by
3763 * localtime(time()). That should give the desired result most of the
3764 * time. But probably not always!
3766 * This does not address tzname aspects of NETaa14816.
3771 # ifndef STRUCT_TM_HASZONE
3772 # define STRUCT_TM_HASZONE
3776 #ifdef STRUCT_TM_HASZONE /* Backward compat */
3777 # ifndef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3778 # define HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3783 Perl_init_tm(pTHX_ struct tm *ptm) /* see mktime, strftime and asctime */
3785 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3787 const struct tm* my_tm;
3788 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3789 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INIT_TM;
3791 my_tm = localtime(&now);
3793 Copy(my_tm, ptm, 1, struct tm);
3795 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3796 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INIT_TM;
3797 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(ptm);
3802 * mini_mktime - normalise struct tm values without the localtime()
3803 * semantics (and overhead) of mktime().
3806 Perl_mini_mktime(struct tm *ptm)
3810 int month, mday, year, jday;
3811 int odd_cent, odd_year;
3813 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MINI_MKTIME;
3815 #define DAYS_PER_YEAR 365
3816 #define DAYS_PER_QYEAR (4*DAYS_PER_YEAR+1)
3817 #define DAYS_PER_CENT (25*DAYS_PER_QYEAR-1)
3818 #define DAYS_PER_QCENT (4*DAYS_PER_CENT+1)
3819 #define SECS_PER_HOUR (60*60)
3820 #define SECS_PER_DAY (24*SECS_PER_HOUR)
3821 /* parentheses deliberately absent on these two, otherwise they don't work */
3822 #define MONTH_TO_DAYS 153/5
3823 #define DAYS_TO_MONTH 5/153
3824 /* offset to bias by March (month 4) 1st between month/mday & year finding */
3825 #define YEAR_ADJUST (4*MONTH_TO_DAYS+1)
3826 /* as used here, the algorithm leaves Sunday as day 1 unless we adjust it */
3827 #define WEEKDAY_BIAS 6 /* (1+6)%7 makes Sunday 0 again */
3830 * Year/day algorithm notes:
3832 * With a suitable offset for numeric value of the month, one can find
3833 * an offset into the year by considering months to have 30.6 (153/5) days,
3834 * using integer arithmetic (i.e., with truncation). To avoid too much
3835 * messing about with leap days, we consider January and February to be
3836 * the 13th and 14th month of the previous year. After that transformation,
3837 * we need the month index we use to be high by 1 from 'normal human' usage,
3838 * so the month index values we use run from 4 through 15.
3840 * Given that, and the rules for the Gregorian calendar (leap years are those
3841 * divisible by 4 unless also divisible by 100, when they must be divisible
3842 * by 400 instead), we can simply calculate the number of days since some
3843 * arbitrary 'beginning of time' by futzing with the (adjusted) year number,
3844 * the days we derive from our month index, and adding in the day of the
3845 * month. The value used here is not adjusted for the actual origin which
3846 * it normally would use (1 January A.D. 1), since we're not exposing it.
3847 * We're only building the value so we can turn around and get the
3848 * normalised values for the year, month, day-of-month, and day-of-year.
3850 * For going backward, we need to bias the value we're using so that we find
3851 * the right year value. (Basically, we don't want the contribution of
3852 * March 1st to the number to apply while deriving the year). Having done
3853 * that, we 'count up' the contribution to the year number by accounting for
3854 * full quadracenturies (400-year periods) with their extra leap days, plus
3855 * the contribution from full centuries (to avoid counting in the lost leap
3856 * days), plus the contribution from full quad-years (to count in the normal
3857 * leap days), plus the leftover contribution from any non-leap years.
3858 * At this point, if we were working with an actual leap day, we'll have 0
3859 * days left over. This is also true for March 1st, however. So, we have
3860 * to special-case that result, and (earlier) keep track of the 'odd'
3861 * century and year contributions. If we got 4 extra centuries in a qcent,
3862 * or 4 extra years in a qyear, then it's a leap day and we call it 29 Feb.
3863 * Otherwise, we add back in the earlier bias we removed (the 123 from
3864 * figuring in March 1st), find the month index (integer division by 30.6),
3865 * and the remainder is the day-of-month. We then have to convert back to
3866 * 'real' months (including fixing January and February from being 14/15 in
3867 * the previous year to being in the proper year). After that, to get
3868 * tm_yday, we work with the normalised year and get a new yearday value for
3869 * January 1st, which we subtract from the yearday value we had earlier,
3870 * representing the date we've re-built. This is done from January 1
3871 * because tm_yday is 0-origin.
3873 * Since POSIX time routines are only guaranteed to work for times since the
3874 * UNIX epoch (00:00:00 1 Jan 1970 UTC), the fact that this algorithm
3875 * applies Gregorian calendar rules even to dates before the 16th century
3876 * doesn't bother me. Besides, you'd need cultural context for a given
3877 * date to know whether it was Julian or Gregorian calendar, and that's
3878 * outside the scope for this routine. Since we convert back based on the
3879 * same rules we used to build the yearday, you'll only get strange results
3880 * for input which needed normalising, or for the 'odd' century years which
3881 * were leap years in the Julian calendar but not in the Gregorian one.
3882 * I can live with that.
3884 * This algorithm also fails to handle years before A.D. 1 gracefully, but
3885 * that's still outside the scope for POSIX time manipulation, so I don't
3889 year = 1900 + ptm->tm_year;
3890 month = ptm->tm_mon;
3891 mday = ptm->tm_mday;
3897 yearday = DAYS_PER_YEAR * year + year/4 - year/100 + year/400;
3898 yearday += month*MONTH_TO_DAYS + mday + jday;
3900 * Note that we don't know when leap-seconds were or will be,
3901 * so we have to trust the user if we get something which looks
3902 * like a sensible leap-second. Wild values for seconds will
3903 * be rationalised, however.
3905 if ((unsigned) ptm->tm_sec <= 60) {
3912 secs += 60 * ptm->tm_min;
3913 secs += SECS_PER_HOUR * ptm->tm_hour;
3915 if (secs-(secs/SECS_PER_DAY*SECS_PER_DAY) < 0) {
3916 /* got negative remainder, but need positive time */
3917 /* back off an extra day to compensate */
3918 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY)-1;
3919 secs -= SECS_PER_DAY * (secs/SECS_PER_DAY - 1);
3922 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3923 secs -= SECS_PER_DAY * (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3926 else if (secs >= SECS_PER_DAY) {
3927 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3928 secs %= SECS_PER_DAY;
3930 ptm->tm_hour = secs/SECS_PER_HOUR;
3931 secs %= SECS_PER_HOUR;
3932 ptm->tm_min = secs/60;
3934 ptm->tm_sec += secs;
3935 /* done with time of day effects */
3937 * The algorithm for yearday has (so far) left it high by 428.
3938 * To avoid mistaking a legitimate Feb 29 as Mar 1, we need to
3939 * bias it by 123 while trying to figure out what year it
3940 * really represents. Even with this tweak, the reverse
3941 * translation fails for years before A.D. 0001.
3942 * It would still fail for Feb 29, but we catch that one below.
3944 jday = yearday; /* save for later fixup vis-a-vis Jan 1 */
3945 yearday -= YEAR_ADJUST;
3946 year = (yearday / DAYS_PER_QCENT) * 400;
3947 yearday %= DAYS_PER_QCENT;
3948 odd_cent = yearday / DAYS_PER_CENT;
3949 year += odd_cent * 100;
3950 yearday %= DAYS_PER_CENT;
3951 year += (yearday / DAYS_PER_QYEAR) * 4;
3952 yearday %= DAYS_PER_QYEAR;
3953 odd_year = yearday / DAYS_PER_YEAR;
3955 yearday %= DAYS_PER_YEAR;
3956 if (!yearday && (odd_cent==4 || odd_year==4)) { /* catch Feb 29 */
3961 yearday += YEAR_ADJUST; /* recover March 1st crock */
3962 month = yearday*DAYS_TO_MONTH;
3963 yearday -= month*MONTH_TO_DAYS;
3964 /* recover other leap-year adjustment */
3973 ptm->tm_year = year - 1900;
3975 ptm->tm_mday = yearday;
3976 ptm->tm_mon = month;
3980 ptm->tm_mon = month - 1;
3982 /* re-build yearday based on Jan 1 to get tm_yday */
3984 yearday = year*DAYS_PER_YEAR + year/4 - year/100 + year/400;
3985 yearday += 14*MONTH_TO_DAYS + 1;
3986 ptm->tm_yday = jday - yearday;
3987 ptm->tm_wday = (jday + WEEKDAY_BIAS) % 7;
3991 Perl_my_strftime(pTHX_ const char *fmt, int sec, int min, int hour, int mday, int mon, int year, int wday, int yday, int isdst)
3995 /* Note that yday and wday effectively are ignored by this function, as mini_mktime() overwrites them */
4002 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_STRFTIME;
4004 init_tm(&mytm); /* XXX workaround - see init_tm() above */
4007 mytm.tm_hour = hour;
4008 mytm.tm_mday = mday;
4010 mytm.tm_year = year;
4011 mytm.tm_wday = wday;
4012 mytm.tm_yday = yday;
4013 mytm.tm_isdst = isdst;
4015 /* use libc to get the values for tm_gmtoff and tm_zone [perl #18238] */
4016 #if defined(HAS_MKTIME) && (defined(HAS_TM_TM_GMTOFF) || defined(HAS_TM_TM_ZONE))
4021 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_GMTOFF
4022 mytm.tm_gmtoff = mytm2.tm_gmtoff;
4024 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
4025 mytm.tm_zone = mytm2.tm_zone;
4030 Newx(buf, buflen, char);
4032 GCC_DIAG_IGNORE(-Wformat-nonliteral); /* fmt checked by caller */
4033 len = strftime(buf, buflen, fmt, &mytm);
4037 ** The following is needed to handle to the situation where
4038 ** tmpbuf overflows. Basically we want to allocate a buffer
4039 ** and try repeatedly. The reason why it is so complicated
4040 ** is that getting a return value of 0 from strftime can indicate
4041 ** one of the following:
4042 ** 1. buffer overflowed,
4043 ** 2. illegal conversion specifier, or
4044 ** 3. the format string specifies nothing to be returned(not
4045 ** an error). This could be because format is an empty string
4046 ** or it specifies %p that yields an empty string in some locale.
4047 ** If there is a better way to make it portable, go ahead by
4050 if ((len > 0 && len < buflen) || (len == 0 && *fmt == '\0'))
4053 /* Possibly buf overflowed - try again with a bigger buf */
4054 const int fmtlen = strlen(fmt);
4055 int bufsize = fmtlen + buflen;
4057 Renew(buf, bufsize, char);
4060 GCC_DIAG_IGNORE(-Wformat-nonliteral); /* fmt checked by caller */
4061 buflen = strftime(buf, bufsize, fmt, &mytm);
4064 if (buflen > 0 && buflen < bufsize)
4066 /* heuristic to prevent out-of-memory errors */
4067 if (bufsize > 100*fmtlen) {
4073 Renew(buf, bufsize, char);
4078 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: no strftime");
4084 #define SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF \
4085 sv_setsv(sv, &PL_sv_undef); \
4088 #define SV_CWD_ISDOT(dp) \
4089 (dp->d_name[0] == '.' && (dp->d_name[1] == '\0' || \
4090 (dp->d_name[1] == '.' && dp->d_name[2] == '\0')))
4093 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
4095 =for apidoc getcwd_sv
4097 Fill C<sv> with current working directory
4102 /* Originally written in Perl by John Bazik; rewritten in C by Ben Sugars.
4103 * rewritten again by dougm, optimized for use with xs TARG, and to prefer
4104 * getcwd(3) if available
4105 * Comments from the original:
4106 * This is a faster version of getcwd. It's also more dangerous
4107 * because you might chdir out of a directory that you can't chdir
4111 Perl_getcwd_sv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4116 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GETCWD_SV;
4120 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
4122 /* Some getcwd()s automatically allocate a buffer of the given
4123 * size from the heap if they are given a NULL buffer pointer.
4124 * The problem is that this behaviour is not portable. */
4125 if (getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1)) {
4130 sv_setsv(sv, &PL_sv_undef);
4138 int orig_cdev, orig_cino, cdev, cino, odev, oino, tdev, tino;
4142 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4144 if (PerlLIO_lstat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
4145 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4148 orig_cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
4149 orig_cino = statbuf.st_ino;
4159 if (PerlDir_chdir("..") < 0) {
4160 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4162 if (PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
4163 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4166 cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
4167 cino = statbuf.st_ino;
4169 if (odev == cdev && oino == cino) {
4172 if (!(dir = PerlDir_open("."))) {
4173 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4176 while ((dp = PerlDir_read(dir)) != NULL) {
4178 namelen = dp->d_namlen;
4180 namelen = strlen(dp->d_name);
4183 if (SV_CWD_ISDOT(dp)) {
4187 if (PerlLIO_lstat(dp->d_name, &statbuf) < 0) {
4188 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4191 tdev = statbuf.st_dev;
4192 tino = statbuf.st_ino;
4193 if (tino == oino && tdev == odev) {
4199 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4202 if (pathlen + namelen + 1 >= MAXPATHLEN) {
4203 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4206 SvGROW(sv, pathlen + namelen + 1);
4210 Move(SvPVX_const(sv), SvPVX(sv) + namelen + 1, pathlen, char);
4213 /* prepend current directory to the front */
4215 Move(dp->d_name, SvPVX(sv)+1, namelen, char);
4216 pathlen += (namelen + 1);
4218 #ifdef VOID_CLOSEDIR
4221 if (PerlDir_close(dir) < 0) {
4222 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4228 SvCUR_set(sv, pathlen);
4232 if (PerlDir_chdir(SvPVX_const(sv)) < 0) {
4233 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4236 if (PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
4237 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4240 cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
4241 cino = statbuf.st_ino;
4243 if (cdev != orig_cdev || cino != orig_cino) {
4244 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unstable directory path, "
4245 "current directory changed unexpectedly");
4258 #if !defined(HAS_SOCKETPAIR) && defined(HAS_SOCKET) && defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET) && defined(SOCK_DGRAM) && defined(HAS_SELECT)
4259 # define EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4262 #ifdef EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4264 S_socketpair_udp (int fd[2]) {
4266 /* Fake a datagram socketpair using UDP to localhost. */
4267 int sockets[2] = {-1, -1};
4268 struct sockaddr_in addresses[2];
4270 Sock_size_t size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
4271 unsigned short port;
4274 memset(&addresses, 0, sizeof(addresses));
4277 sockets[i] = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, PF_INET);
4278 if (sockets[i] == -1)
4279 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4281 addresses[i].sin_family = AF_INET;
4282 addresses[i].sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
4283 addresses[i].sin_port = 0; /* kernel choses port. */
4284 if (PerlSock_bind(sockets[i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4285 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1)
4286 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4289 /* Now have 2 UDP sockets. Find out which port each is connected to, and
4290 for each connect the other socket to it. */
4293 if (PerlSock_getsockname(sockets[i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4295 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4296 if (size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
4297 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4298 /* !1 is 0, !0 is 1 */
4299 if (PerlSock_connect(sockets[!i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4300 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1)
4301 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4304 /* Now we have 2 sockets connected to each other. I don't trust some other
4305 process not to have already sent a packet to us (by random) so send
4306 a packet from each to the other. */
4309 /* I'm going to send my own port number. As a short.
4310 (Who knows if someone somewhere has sin_port as a bitfield and needs
4311 this routine. (I'm assuming crays have socketpair)) */
4312 port = addresses[i].sin_port;
4313 got = PerlLIO_write(sockets[i], &port, sizeof(port));
4314 if (got != sizeof(port)) {
4316 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4317 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4321 /* Packets sent. I don't trust them to have arrived though.
4322 (As I understand it Solaris TCP stack is multithreaded. Non-blocking
4323 connect to localhost will use a second kernel thread. In 2.6 the
4324 first thread running the connect() returns before the second completes,
4325 so EINPROGRESS> In 2.7 the improved stack is faster and connect()
4326 returns 0. Poor programs have tripped up. One poor program's authors'
4327 had a 50-1 reverse stock split. Not sure how connected these were.)
4328 So I don't trust someone not to have an unpredictable UDP stack.
4332 struct timeval waitfor = {0, 100000}; /* You have 0.1 seconds */
4333 int max = sockets[1] > sockets[0] ? sockets[1] : sockets[0];
4337 FD_SET((unsigned int)sockets[0], &rset);
4338 FD_SET((unsigned int)sockets[1], &rset);
4340 got = PerlSock_select(max + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &waitfor);
4341 if (got != 2 || !FD_ISSET(sockets[0], &rset)
4342 || !FD_ISSET(sockets[1], &rset)) {
4343 /* I hope this is portable and appropriate. */
4345 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4346 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4350 /* And the paranoia department even now doesn't trust it to have arrive
4351 (hence MSG_DONTWAIT). Or that what arrives was sent by us. */
4353 struct sockaddr_in readfrom;
4354 unsigned short buffer[2];
4359 got = PerlSock_recvfrom(sockets[i], (char *) &buffer,
4360 sizeof(buffer), MSG_DONTWAIT,
4361 (struct sockaddr *) &readfrom, &size);
4363 got = PerlSock_recvfrom(sockets[i], (char *) &buffer,
4365 (struct sockaddr *) &readfrom, &size);
4369 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4370 if (got != sizeof(port)
4371 || size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)
4372 /* Check other socket sent us its port. */
4373 || buffer[0] != (unsigned short) addresses[!i].sin_port
4374 /* Check kernel says we got the datagram from that socket */
4375 || readfrom.sin_family != addresses[!i].sin_family
4376 || readfrom.sin_addr.s_addr != addresses[!i].sin_addr.s_addr
4377 || readfrom.sin_port != addresses[!i].sin_port)
4378 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4381 /* My caller (my_socketpair) has validated that this is non-NULL */
4384 /* I hereby declare this connection open. May God bless all who cross
4388 abort_tidy_up_and_fail:
4389 errno = ECONNABORTED;
4393 if (sockets[0] != -1)
4394 PerlLIO_close(sockets[0]);
4395 if (sockets[1] != -1)
4396 PerlLIO_close(sockets[1]);
4401 #endif /* EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP */
4403 #if !defined(HAS_SOCKETPAIR) && defined(HAS_SOCKET) && defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET)
4405 Perl_my_socketpair (int family, int type, int protocol, int fd[2]) {
4406 /* Stevens says that family must be AF_LOCAL, protocol 0.
4407 I'm going to enforce that, then ignore it, and use TCP (or UDP). */
4412 struct sockaddr_in listen_addr;
4413 struct sockaddr_in connect_addr;
4418 || family != AF_UNIX
4421 errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
4429 #ifdef EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4430 if (type == SOCK_DGRAM)
4431 return S_socketpair_udp(fd);
4434 aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
4435 listener = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
4438 memset(&listen_addr, 0, sizeof(listen_addr));
4439 listen_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
4440 listen_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
4441 listen_addr.sin_port = 0; /* kernel choses port. */
4442 if (PerlSock_bind(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &listen_addr,
4443 sizeof(listen_addr)) == -1)
4444 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4445 if (PerlSock_listen(listener, 1) == -1)
4446 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4448 connector = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
4449 if (connector == -1)
4450 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4451 /* We want to find out the port number to connect to. */
4452 size = sizeof(connect_addr);
4453 if (PerlSock_getsockname(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4455 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4456 if (size != sizeof(connect_addr))
4457 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4458 if (PerlSock_connect(connector, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4459 sizeof(connect_addr)) == -1)
4460 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4462 size = sizeof(listen_addr);
4463 acceptor = PerlSock_accept(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &listen_addr,
4466 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4467 if (size != sizeof(listen_addr))
4468 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4469 PerlLIO_close(listener);
4470 /* Now check we are talking to ourself by matching port and host on the
4472 if (PerlSock_getsockname(connector, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4474 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4475 if (size != sizeof(connect_addr)
4476 || listen_addr.sin_family != connect_addr.sin_family
4477 || listen_addr.sin_addr.s_addr != connect_addr.sin_addr.s_addr
4478 || listen_addr.sin_port != connect_addr.sin_port) {
4479 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4485 abort_tidy_up_and_fail:
4487 errno = ECONNABORTED; /* This would be the standard thing to do. */
4489 # ifdef ECONNREFUSED
4490 errno = ECONNREFUSED; /* E.g. Symbian does not have ECONNABORTED. */
4492 errno = ETIMEDOUT; /* Desperation time. */
4499 PerlLIO_close(listener);
4500 if (connector != -1)
4501 PerlLIO_close(connector);
4503 PerlLIO_close(acceptor);
4509 /* In any case have a stub so that there's code corresponding
4510 * to the my_socketpair in embed.fnc. */
4512 Perl_my_socketpair (int family, int type, int protocol, int fd[2]) {
4513 #ifdef HAS_SOCKETPAIR
4514 return socketpair(family, type, protocol, fd);
4523 =for apidoc sv_nosharing
4525 Dummy routine which "shares" an SV when there is no sharing module present.
4526 Or "locks" it. Or "unlocks" it. In other
4527 words, ignores its single SV argument.
4528 Exists to avoid test for a C<NULL> function pointer and because it could
4529 potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
4535 Perl_sv_nosharing(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4537 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4538 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
4543 =for apidoc sv_destroyable
4545 Dummy routine which reports that object can be destroyed when there is no
4546 sharing module present. It ignores its single SV argument, and returns
4547 'true'. Exists to avoid test for a C<NULL> function pointer and because it
4548 could potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
4554 Perl_sv_destroyable(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4556 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4557 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
4562 Perl_parse_unicode_opts(pTHX_ const char **popt)
4564 const char *p = *popt;
4567 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_UNICODE_OPTS;
4573 if (grok_atoUV(p, &uv, &endptr) && uv <= U32_MAX) {
4576 if (p && *p && *p != '\n' && *p != '\r') {
4578 goto the_end_of_the_opts_parser;
4580 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'", *p);
4584 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid number '%s' for -C option.\n", p);
4590 case PERL_UNICODE_STDIN:
4591 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDIN_FLAG; break;
4592 case PERL_UNICODE_STDOUT:
4593 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDOUT_FLAG; break;
4594 case PERL_UNICODE_STDERR:
4595 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDERR_FLAG; break;
4596 case PERL_UNICODE_STD:
4597 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STD_FLAG; break;
4598 case PERL_UNICODE_IN:
4599 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_IN_FLAG; break;
4600 case PERL_UNICODE_OUT:
4601 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_OUT_FLAG; break;
4602 case PERL_UNICODE_INOUT:
4603 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_INOUT_FLAG; break;
4604 case PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE:
4605 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE_FLAG; break;
4606 case PERL_UNICODE_ARGV:
4607 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_ARGV_FLAG; break;
4608 case PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT:
4609 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT_FLAG; break;
4611 if (*p != '\n' && *p != '\r') {
4612 if(isSPACE(*p)) goto the_end_of_the_opts_parser;
4615 "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'", *p);
4622 opt = PERL_UNICODE_DEFAULT_FLAGS;
4624 the_end_of_the_opts_parser:
4626 if (opt & ~PERL_UNICODE_ALL_FLAGS)
4627 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown Unicode option value %"UVuf,
4628 (UV) (opt & ~PERL_UNICODE_ALL_FLAGS));
4636 # include <starlet.h>
4643 * This is really just a quick hack which grabs various garbage
4644 * values. It really should be a real hash algorithm which
4645 * spreads the effect of every input bit onto every output bit,
4646 * if someone who knows about such things would bother to write it.
4647 * Might be a good idea to add that function to CORE as well.
4648 * No numbers below come from careful analysis or anything here,
4649 * except they are primes and SEED_C1 > 1E6 to get a full-width
4650 * value from (tv_sec * SEED_C1 + tv_usec). The multipliers should
4651 * probably be bigger too.
4654 # define SEED_C1 1000003
4655 #define SEED_C4 73819
4657 # define SEED_C1 25747
4658 #define SEED_C4 20639
4662 #define SEED_C5 26107
4664 #ifndef PERL_NO_DEV_RANDOM
4668 #ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4669 struct timeval when;
4674 /* This test is an escape hatch, this symbol isn't set by Configure. */
4675 #ifndef PERL_NO_DEV_RANDOM
4676 #ifndef PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE
4677 /* /dev/random isn't used by default because reads from it will block
4678 * if there isn't enough entropy available. You can compile with
4679 * PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE to it if you'd prefer Perl to block until there
4680 * is enough real entropy to fill the seed. */
4681 # ifdef __amigaos4__
4682 # define PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE "RANDOM:SIZE=4"
4684 # define PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE "/dev/urandom"
4687 fd = PerlLIO_open(PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE, 0);
4689 if (PerlLIO_read(fd, (void*)&u, sizeof u) != sizeof u)
4697 #ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4698 PerlProc_gettimeofday(&when,NULL);
4699 u = (U32)SEED_C1 * when.tv_sec + (U32)SEED_C2 * when.tv_usec;
4702 u = (U32)SEED_C1 * when;
4704 u += SEED_C3 * (U32)PerlProc_getpid();
4705 u += SEED_C4 * (U32)PTR2UV(PL_stack_sp);
4706 #ifndef PLAN9 /* XXX Plan9 assembler chokes on this; fix needed */
4707 u += SEED_C5 * (U32)PTR2UV(&when);
4713 Perl_get_hash_seed(pTHX_ unsigned char * const seed_buffer)
4718 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_HASH_SEED;
4720 env_pv= PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_HASH_SEED");
4723 #ifndef USE_HASH_SEED_EXPLICIT
4725 /* ignore leading spaces */
4726 while (isSPACE(*env_pv))
4728 #ifdef USE_PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4729 /* if they set it to "0" we disable key traversal randomization completely */
4730 if (strEQ(env_pv,"0")) {
4731 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 0;
4733 /* otherwise switch to deterministic mode */
4734 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 2;
4737 /* ignore a leading 0x... if it is there */
4738 if (env_pv[0] == '0' && env_pv[1] == 'x')
4741 for( i = 0; isXDIGIT(*env_pv) && i < PERL_HASH_SEED_BYTES; i++ ) {
4742 seed_buffer[i] = READ_XDIGIT(env_pv) << 4;
4743 if ( isXDIGIT(*env_pv)) {
4744 seed_buffer[i] |= READ_XDIGIT(env_pv);
4747 while (isSPACE(*env_pv))
4750 if (*env_pv && !isXDIGIT(*env_pv)) {
4751 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only partially set\n");
4753 /* should we check for unparsed crap? */
4754 /* should we warn about unused hex? */
4755 /* should we warn about insufficient hex? */
4760 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)seed());
4762 for( i = 0; i < PERL_HASH_SEED_BYTES; i++ ) {
4763 seed_buffer[i] = (unsigned char)(Drand01() * (U8_MAX+1));
4766 #ifdef USE_PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4767 { /* initialize PL_hash_rand_bits from the hash seed.
4768 * This value is highly volatile, it is updated every
4769 * hash insert, and is used as part of hash bucket chain
4770 * randomization and hash iterator randomization. */
4771 PL_hash_rand_bits= 0xbe49d17f; /* I just picked a number */
4772 for( i = 0; i < sizeof(UV) ; i++ ) {
4773 PL_hash_rand_bits += seed_buffer[i % PERL_HASH_SEED_BYTES];
4774 PL_hash_rand_bits = ROTL_UV(PL_hash_rand_bits,8);
4777 env_pv= PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_PERTURB_KEYS");
4779 if (strEQ(env_pv,"0") || strEQ(env_pv,"NO")) {
4780 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 0;
4781 } else if (strEQ(env_pv,"1") || strEQ(env_pv,"RANDOM")) {
4782 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 1;
4783 } else if (strEQ(env_pv,"2") || strEQ(env_pv,"DETERMINISTIC")) {
4784 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 2;
4786 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'\n", env_pv);
4792 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4794 #define PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_INIT
4795 #include "opcode.h" /* the ppaddr and check */
4798 Perl_init_global_struct(pTHX)
4800 struct perl_vars *plvarsp = NULL;
4801 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4802 const IV nppaddr = C_ARRAY_LENGTH(Gppaddr);
4803 const IV ncheck = C_ARRAY_LENGTH(Gcheck);
4804 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4805 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
4806 /* PerlMem_malloc() because can't use even safesysmalloc() this early. */
4807 plvarsp = (struct perl_vars*)PerlMem_malloc(sizeof(struct perl_vars));
4811 plvarsp = PL_VarsPtr;
4812 # endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE */
4817 # define PERLVAR(prefix,var,type) /**/
4818 # define PERLVARA(prefix,var,n,type) /**/
4819 # define PERLVARI(prefix,var,type,init) plvarsp->prefix##var = init;
4820 # define PERLVARIC(prefix,var,type,init) plvarsp->prefix##var = init;
4821 # include "perlvars.h"
4826 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4829 PerlMem_malloc(nppaddr * sizeof(Perl_ppaddr_t));
4830 if (!plvarsp->Gppaddr)
4834 PerlMem_malloc(ncheck * sizeof(Perl_check_t));
4835 if (!plvarsp->Gcheck)
4837 Copy(Gppaddr, plvarsp->Gppaddr, nppaddr, Perl_ppaddr_t);
4838 Copy(Gcheck, plvarsp->Gcheck, ncheck, Perl_check_t);
4840 # ifdef PERL_SET_VARS
4841 PERL_SET_VARS(plvarsp);
4843 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
4844 plvarsp->Gsv_placeholder.sv_flags = 0;
4845 memset(plvarsp->Ghash_seed, 0, sizeof(plvarsp->Ghash_seed));
4847 # undef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_INIT
4852 #endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT */
4854 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4857 Perl_free_global_struct(pTHX_ struct perl_vars *plvarsp)
4859 int veto = plvarsp->Gveto_cleanup;
4861 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FREE_GLOBAL_STRUCT;
4862 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4863 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4864 # ifdef PERL_UNSET_VARS
4865 PERL_UNSET_VARS(plvarsp);
4869 free(plvarsp->Gppaddr);
4870 free(plvarsp->Gcheck);
4871 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
4877 #endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT */
4881 /* -DPERL_MEM_LOG: the Perl_mem_log_..() is compiled, including
4882 * the default implementation, unless -DPERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL is also
4883 * given, and you supply your own implementation.
4885 * The default implementation reads a single env var, PERL_MEM_LOG,
4886 * expecting one or more of the following:
4888 * \d+ - fd fd to write to : must be 1st (grok_atoUV)
4889 * 'm' - memlog was PERL_MEM_LOG=1
4890 * 's' - svlog was PERL_SV_LOG=1
4891 * 't' - timestamp was PERL_MEM_LOG_TIMESTAMP=1
4893 * This makes the logger controllable enough that it can reasonably be
4894 * added to the system perl.
4897 /* -DPERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE=X: size of a (stack-allocated) buffer
4898 * the Perl_mem_log_...() will use (either via sprintf or snprintf).
4900 #define PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE 128
4902 /* -DPERL_MEM_LOG_FD=N: the file descriptor the Perl_mem_log_...()
4903 * writes to. In the default logger, this is settable at runtime.
4905 #ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_FD
4906 # define PERL_MEM_LOG_FD 2 /* If STDERR is too boring for you. */
4909 #ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL
4911 # ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
4912 # define SV_LOG_SERIAL_FMT " [%lu]"
4913 # define _SV_LOG_SERIAL_ARG(sv) , (unsigned long) (sv)->sv_debug_serial
4915 # define SV_LOG_SERIAL_FMT
4916 # define _SV_LOG_SERIAL_ARG(sv)
4920 S_mem_log_common(enum mem_log_type mlt, const UV n,
4921 const UV typesize, const char *type_name, const SV *sv,
4922 Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc,
4923 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
4924 const char *funcname)
4928 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_COMMON;
4930 pmlenv = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_MEM_LOG");
4933 if (mlt < MLT_NEW_SV ? strchr(pmlenv,'m') : strchr(pmlenv,'s'))
4935 /* We can't use SVs or PerlIO for obvious reasons,
4936 * so we'll use stdio and low-level IO instead. */
4937 char buf[PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE];
4939 # ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4940 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_FMT "%10d.%06d: "
4941 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_ARG (int)tv.tv_sec, (int)tv.tv_usec
4943 gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
4945 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_FMT "%10d: "
4946 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_ARG (int)when
4950 /* If there are other OS specific ways of hires time than
4951 * gettimeofday() (see dist/Time-HiRes), the easiest way is
4952 * probably that they would be used to fill in the struct
4959 if (grok_atoUV(pmlenv, &uv, &endptr) /* Ignore endptr. */
4960 && uv && uv <= PERL_INT_MAX
4964 fd = PERL_MEM_LOG_FD;
4967 if (strchr(pmlenv, 't')) {
4968 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4969 MEM_LOG_TIME_FMT, MEM_LOG_TIME_ARG);
4970 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, buf, len));
4974 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4975 "alloc: %s:%d:%s: %"IVdf" %"UVuf
4976 " %s = %"IVdf": %"UVxf"\n",
4977 filename, linenumber, funcname, n, typesize,
4978 type_name, n * typesize, PTR2UV(newalloc));
4981 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4982 "realloc: %s:%d:%s: %"IVdf" %"UVuf
4983 " %s = %"IVdf": %"UVxf" -> %"UVxf"\n",
4984 filename, linenumber, funcname, n, typesize,
4985 type_name, n * typesize, PTR2UV(oldalloc),
4989 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4990 "free: %s:%d:%s: %"UVxf"\n",
4991 filename, linenumber, funcname,
4996 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4997 "%s_SV: %s:%d:%s: %"UVxf SV_LOG_SERIAL_FMT "\n",
4998 mlt == MLT_NEW_SV ? "new" : "del",
4999 filename, linenumber, funcname,
5000 PTR2UV(sv) _SV_LOG_SERIAL_ARG(sv));
5005 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, buf, len));
5009 #endif /* !PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL */
5011 #ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL
5013 mem_log_common_if(alty, num, tysz, tynm, sv, oal, nal, flnm, ln, fnnm) \
5014 mem_log_common (alty, num, tysz, tynm, sv, oal, nal, flnm, ln, fnnm)
5016 /* this is suboptimal, but bug compatible. User is providing their
5017 own implementation, but is getting these functions anyway, and they
5018 do nothing. But _NOIMPL users should be able to cope or fix */
5020 mem_log_common_if(alty, num, tysz, tynm, u, oal, nal, flnm, ln, fnnm) \
5021 /* mem_log_common_if_PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL */
5025 Perl_mem_log_alloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *type_name,
5027 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5028 const char *funcname)
5030 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_ALLOC;
5032 mem_log_common_if(MLT_ALLOC, n, typesize, type_name,
5033 NULL, NULL, newalloc,
5034 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5039 Perl_mem_log_realloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *type_name,
5040 Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc,
5041 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5042 const char *funcname)
5044 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_REALLOC;
5046 mem_log_common_if(MLT_REALLOC, n, typesize, type_name,
5047 NULL, oldalloc, newalloc,
5048 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5053 Perl_mem_log_free(Malloc_t oldalloc,
5054 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5055 const char *funcname)
5057 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_FREE;
5059 mem_log_common_if(MLT_FREE, 0, 0, "", NULL, oldalloc, NULL,
5060 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5065 Perl_mem_log_new_sv(const SV *sv,
5066 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5067 const char *funcname)
5069 mem_log_common_if(MLT_NEW_SV, 0, 0, "", sv, NULL, NULL,
5070 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5074 Perl_mem_log_del_sv(const SV *sv,
5075 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5076 const char *funcname)
5078 mem_log_common_if(MLT_DEL_SV, 0, 0, "", sv, NULL, NULL,
5079 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5082 #endif /* PERL_MEM_LOG */
5085 =for apidoc my_sprintf
5087 The C library C<sprintf>, wrapped if necessary, to ensure that it will return
5088 the length of the string written to the