5 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.26.0
9 This document describes the differences between the 5.24.0 release and the
14 This release includes three updates with widespread effects:
18 =item * C<"."> no longer in C<@INC>
20 For security reasons, the current directory (C<".">) is no longer included
21 by default at the end of the module search path (C<@INC>). This may have
22 widespread implications for the building, testing and installing of
23 modules, and for the execution of scripts. See the section
24 L<< Removal of the current directory (C<".">) from C<@INC> >>
27 =item * C<do> may now warn
29 C<do> now gives a deprecation warning when it fails to load a file which
30 it would have loaded had C<"."> been in C<@INC>.
32 =item * In regular expression patterns, a literal left brace C<"{">
35 See L</Unescaped literal C<"{"> characters in regular expression patterns are no longer permissible>.
39 =head1 Core Enhancements
41 =head2 Lexical subroutines are no longer experimental
43 Using the C<lexical_subs> feature introduced in v5.18 no longer emits a warning. Existing
44 code that disables the C<experimental::lexical_subs> warning category
45 that the feature previously used will continue to work. The
46 C<lexical_subs> feature has no effect; all Perl code can use lexical
47 subroutines, regardless of what feature declarations are in scope.
49 =head2 Indented Here-documents
51 This adds a new modifier C<"~"> to here-docs that tells the parser
52 that it should look for C</^\s*$DELIM\n/> as the closing delimiter.
54 These syntaxes are all supported:
65 The C<"~"> modifier will strip, from each line in the here-doc, the
66 same whitespace that appears before the delimiter.
68 Newlines will be copied as-is, and lines that don't include the
69 proper beginning whitespace will cause perl to croak.
79 prints "Hello there\n" with no leading whitespace.
81 =head2 New regular expression modifier C</xx>
83 Specifying two C<"x"> characters to modify a regular expression pattern
84 does everything that a single one does, but additionally TAB and SPACE
85 characters within a bracketed character class are generally ignored and
86 can be added to improve readability, like
87 S<C</[ ^ A-Z d-f p-x ]/xx>>. Details are at
88 L<perlre/E<sol>x and E<sol>xx>.
90 =head2 C<@{^CAPTURE}>, C<%{^CAPTURE}>, and C<%{^CAPTURE_ALL}>
92 C<@{^CAPTURE}> exposes the capture buffers of the last match as an
93 array. So C<$1> is C<${^CAPTURE}[0]>. This is a more efficient equivalent
94 to code like C<substr($matched_string,$-[0],$+[0]-$-[0])>, and you don't
95 have to keep track of the C<$matched_string> either. This variable has no
96 single character equivalent. Note that, like the other regex magic variables,
97 the contents of this variable is dynamic; if you wish to store it beyond
98 the lifetime of the match you must copy it to another array.
100 C<%{^CAPTURE}> is equivalent to C<%+> (I<i.e.>, named captures). Other than
101 being more self documenting there is no difference between the two forms.
103 C<%{^CAPTURE_ALL}> is equivalent to C<%-> (I<i.e.>, all named captures).
104 Other than being more self documenting there is no difference between the
107 =head2 Declaring a reference to a variable
109 As an experimental feature, Perl now allows the referencing operator to come
110 after L<C<my()>|perlfunc/my>, L<C<state()>|perlfunc/state>,
111 L<C<our()>|perlfunc/our>, or L<C<local()>|perlfunc/local>. This syntax must
112 be enabled with C<use feature 'declared_refs'>. It is experimental, and will
113 warn by default unless C<no warnings 'experimental::refaliasing'> is in effect.
114 It is intended mainly for use in assignments to references. For example:
116 use experimental 'refaliasing', 'declared_refs';
119 See L<perlref/Assigning to References> for more details.
121 =head2 Unicode 9.0 is now supported
123 A list of changes is at L<http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode9.0.0/>.
124 Modules that are shipped with core Perl but not maintained by p5p do not
125 necessarily support Unicode 9.0. L<Unicode::Normalize> does work on 9.0.
127 =head2 Use of C<\p{I<script>}> uses the improved Script_Extensions property
129 Unicode 6.0 introduced an improved form of the Script (C<sc>) property, and
130 called it Script_Extensions (C<scx>). Perl now uses this improved
131 version when a property is specified as just C<\p{I<script>}>. This
132 should make programs be more accurate when determining if a character is
133 used in a given script, but there is a slight chance of breakage for
134 programs that very specifically needed the old behavior. The meaning of
135 compound forms, like C<\p{sc=I<script>}> are unchanged. See
136 L<perlunicode/Scripts>.
138 =head2 Perl can now do default collation in UTF-8 locales on platforms
141 Some platforms natively do a reasonable job of collating and sorting in
142 UTF-8 locales. Perl now works with those. For portability and full
143 control, L<Unicode::Collate> is still recommended, but now you may
144 not need to do anything special to get good-enough results, depending on
145 your application. See
146 L<perllocale/Category C<LC_COLLATE>: Collation: Text Comparisons and Sorting>.
148 =head2 Better locale collation of strings containing embedded C<NUL>
151 In locales that have multi-level character weights, C<NUL>s are now
152 ignored at the higher priority ones. There are still some gotchas in
153 some strings, though. See
154 L<perllocale/Collation of strings containing embedded C<NUL> characters>.
156 =head2 C<CORE> subroutines for hash and array functions callable via
159 The hash and array functions in the C<CORE> namespace (C<keys>, C<each>,
160 C<values>, C<push>, C<pop>, C<shift>, C<unshift> and C<splice>) can now
161 be called with ampersand syntax (C<&CORE::keys(\%hash>) and via reference
162 (C<< my $k = \&CORE::keys; $k-E<gt>(\%hash) >>). Previously they could only be
165 =head2 New Hash Function For 64-bit Builds
167 We have switched to a hybrid hash function to better balance
168 performance for short and long keys.
170 For short keys, 16 bytes and under, we use an optimised variant of
171 One At A Time Hard, and for longer keys we use Siphash 1-3. For very
172 long keys this is a big improvement in performance. For shorter keys
173 there is a modest improvement.
177 =head2 Removal of the current directory (C<".">) from C<@INC>
179 The perl binary includes a default set of paths in C<@INC>. Historically
180 it has also included the current directory (C<".">) as the final entry,
181 unless run with taint mode enabled (C<perl -T>). While convenient, this has
182 security implications: for example, where a script attempts to load an
183 optional module when its current directory is untrusted (such as F</tmp>),
184 it could load and execute code from under that directory.
186 Starting with v5.26, C<"."> is always removed by default, not just under
187 tainting. This has major implications for installing modules and executing
190 The following new features have been added to help ameliorate these
195 =item * C<Configure -Udefault_inc_excludes_dot>
197 There is a new C<Configure> option, C<default_inc_excludes_dot> (enabled
198 by default) which builds a perl executable without C<".">; unsetting this
199 option using C<-U> reverts perl to the old behaviour. This may fix your
200 path issues but will reintroduce all the security concerns, so don't
201 build a perl executable like this unless you're I<really> confident that
202 such issues are not a concern in your environment.
204 =item * C<PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC>
206 There is a new environment variable recognised by the perl interpreter.
207 If this variable has the value 1 when the perl interpreter starts up,
208 then C<"."> will be automatically appended to C<@INC> (except under tainting).
210 This allows you restore the old perl interpreter behaviour on a
211 case-by-case basis. But note that this is intended to be a temporary crutch,
212 and this feature will likely be removed in some future perl version.
213 It is currently set by the C<cpan> utility and C<Test::Harness> to
214 ease installation of CPAN modules which have not been updated to handle the
215 lack of dot. Once again, don't use this unless you are sure that this
216 will not reintroduce any security concerns.
218 =item * A new mandatory warning issued by C<do>.
220 While it is well-known that C<use> and C<require> use C<@INC> to search
221 for the file to load, many people don't realise that C<do "file"> also
222 searches C<@INC> if the file is a relative path. With the removal of C<".">,
223 a simple C<do "file.pl"> will fail to read in and execute C<file.pl> from
224 the current directory. Since this is commonly expected behaviour, a new
225 mandatory warning is now issued whenever C<do> fails to load a file which
226 it otherwise would have found if dot had been in C<@INC>.
230 Here are some things script and module authors may need to do to make
231 their software work in the new regime.
235 =item * Script authors
237 If the issue is within your own code (rather than within included
238 modules), then you have two main options. Firstly, if you are confident
239 that your script will only be run within a trusted directory (under which
240 you expect to find trusted files and modules), then add C<"."> back into the
244 my $dir = "/some/trusted/directory";
245 chdir $dir or die "Can't chdir to $dir: $!\n";
249 use "Foo::Bar"; # may load /some/trusted/directory/Foo/Bar.pm
250 do "config.pl"; # may load /some/trusted/directory/config.pl
252 On the other hand, if your script is intended to be run from within
253 untrusted directories (such as F</tmp>), then your script suddenly failing
254 to load files may be indicative of a security issue. You most likely want
255 to replace any relative paths with full paths; for example,
261 do "$ENV{HOME}/.foo_config.pl"
263 If you are absolutely certain that you want your script to load and
264 execute a file from the current directory, then use a C<./> prefix; for
267 do "./.foo_config.pl"
269 =item * Installing and using CPAN modules
271 If you install a CPAN module using an automatic tool like C<cpan>, then
272 this tool will itself set the C<PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC> environment variable
273 while building and testing the module, which may be sufficient to install
274 a distribution which hasn't been updated to be dot-aware. If you want to
275 install such a module manually, then you'll need to replace the
276 traditional invocation:
278 perl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install
282 (export PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC=1; \
283 perl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install)
285 Note that this only helps build and install an unfixed module. It's
286 possible for the tests to pass (since they were run under
287 C<PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC=1>), but for the module itself to fail to perform
288 correctly in production. In this case you may have to temporarily modify
289 your script until such time as a fixed version of the module is released.
294 local @INC = (@INC, '.');
295 # assuming read_config() needs '.' in @INC
296 $config = Foo::Bar->read_config();
299 This is only rarely expected to be necessary. Again, if doing this,
300 assess the resultant risks first.
302 =item * Module Authors
304 If you maintain a CPAN distribution, it may need updating to run in
305 a dotless environment. Although C<cpan> and other such tools will
306 currently set the C<PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC> during module build, this is a
307 temporary workaround for the set of modules which rely on C<"."> being in
308 C<@INC> for installation and testing, and this may mask deeper issues. It
309 could result in a module which passes tests and installs, but which
312 During build, test and install, it will normally be the case that any perl
313 processes will be executing directly within the root directory of the
314 untarred distribution, or a known subdirectory of that, such as F<t/>. It
315 may well be that F<Makefile.PL> or F<t/foo.t> will attempt to include
316 local modules and configuration files using their direct relative
317 filenames, which will now fail.
319 However, as described above, automatic tools like F<cpan> will (for now)
320 set the C<PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC> environment variable, which introduces
323 This makes it likely that your existing build and test code will work, but
324 this may mask issues with your code which only manifest when used after
325 install. It is prudent to try and run your build process with that
326 variable explicitly disabled:
328 (export PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC=0; \
329 perl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install)
331 This is more likely to show up any potential problems with your module's
332 build process, or even with the module itself. Fixing such issues will
333 ensure both that your module can again be installed manually, and that
334 it will still build once the C<PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC> crutch goes away.
336 When fixing issues in tests due to the removal of dot from C<@INC>,
337 reinsertion of dot into C<@INC> should be performed with caution, for this
338 too may suppress real errors in your runtime code. You are encouraged
339 wherever possible to apply the aforementioned approaches with explicit
340 absolute/relative paths, or to relocate your needed files into a
341 subdirectory and insert that subdirectory into C<@INC> instead.
343 If your runtime code has problems under the dotless C<@INC>, then the comments
344 above on how to fix for script authors will mostly apply here too. Bear in
345 mind though that it is considered bad form for a module to globally add dot to
346 C<@INC>, since it introduces both a security risk and hides issues of
347 accidentally requiring dot in C<@INC>, as explained above.
351 =head2 Escaped colons and relative paths in PATH
353 On Unix systems, Perl treats any relative paths in the PATH environment
354 variable as tainted when starting a new process. Previously, it was
355 allowing a backslash to escape a colon (unlike the OS), consequently
356 allowing relative paths to be considered safe if the PATH was set to
357 something like C</\:.>. The check has been fixed to treat C<"."> as tainted
360 =head2 C<-Di> switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output
362 This is used for debugging of code within PerlIO to avoid recursive
363 calls. Previously this output would be sent to the file specified
364 by the C<PERLIO_DEBUG> environment variable if perl wasn't running
365 setuid and the C<-T> or C<-t> switches hadn't been parsed yet.
367 If perl performed output at a point where it hadn't yet parsed its
368 switches this could result in perl creating or overwriting the file
369 named by C<PERLIO_DEBUG> even when the C<-T> switch had been supplied.
371 Perl now requires the C<-Di> switch to produce PerlIO debugging
372 output. By default this is written to C<stderr>, but can optionally
373 be redirected to a file by setting the C<PERLIO_DEBUG> environment
376 If perl is running setuid or the C<-T> switch was supplied,
377 C<PERLIO_DEBUG> is ignored and the debugging output is sent to
378 C<stderr> as for any other C<-D> switch.
380 =head1 Incompatible Changes
382 =head2 Unescaped literal C<"{"> characters in regular expression
383 patterns are no longer permissible
385 You have to now say something like C<"\{"> or C<"[{]"> to specify to
386 match a LEFT CURLY BRACKET; otherwise it is a fatal pattern compilation
387 error. This change will allow future extensions to the language.
389 These have been deprecated since v5.16, with a deprecation message
390 raised for some uses starting in v5.22. Unfortunately, the code added
391 to raise the message was buggy, and failed to warn in some cases where
392 it should have. Therefore, enforcement of this ban for these cases is
393 deferred until Perl 5.30, but the code has been fixed to raise a
394 default-on deprecation message for them in the meantime.
396 Some uses of literal C<"{"> occur in contexts where we do not foresee
397 the meaning ever being anything but the literal, such as the very first
398 character in the pattern, or after a C<"|"> meaning alternation. Thus
402 matches either of the strings C<{fee> or C<{fie>. To avoid forcing
403 unnecessary code changes, these uses do not need to be escaped, and no
404 warning is raised about them, and there are no current plans to change this.
406 But it is always correct to escape C<"{">, and the simple rule to
407 remember is to always do so.
409 See L<Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here|perldiag/Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; marked by S<E<lt>-- HERE> in mE<sol>%sE<sol>>.
411 =head2 C<scalar(%hash)> return signature changed
413 The value returned for C<scalar(%hash)> will no longer show information about
414 the buckets allocated in the hash. It will simply return the count of used
415 keys. It is thus equivalent to C<0+keys(%hash)>.
417 A form of backwards compatibility is provided via
418 L<C<Hash::Util::bucket_ratio()>|Hash::Util/bucket_ratio> which provides
420 C<scalar(%hash)> provided in Perl 5.24 and earlier.
422 =head2 C<keys> returned from an lvalue subroutine
424 C<keys> returned from an lvalue subroutine can no longer be assigned
427 sub foo : lvalue { keys(%INC) }
429 sub bar : lvalue { keys(@_) }
430 (bar) = 3; # also an error
432 This makes the lvalue sub case consistent with C<(keys %hash) = ...> and
433 C<(keys @_) = ...>, which are also errors.
434 L<[perl #128187]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128187>
436 =head2 C<${^ENCODING}> has been removed
438 Consequently, the L<encoding> pragma's default mode is no longer supported. If
439 you still need to write your source code in encodings other than UTF-8, use a
440 source filter such as L<Filter::Encoding> on CPAN or L<encoding>'s C<Filter>
443 =head2 C<POSIX::tmpnam()> has been removed
445 The fundamentally unsafe C<tmpnam()> interface was deprecated in
446 Perl 5.22 and has now been removed. In its place you can use,
447 for example, the L<File::Temp> interfaces.
449 =head2 require ::Foo::Bar is now illegal.
451 Formerly, C<require ::Foo::Bar> would try to read F</Foo/Bar.pm>. Now any
452 bareword require which starts with a double colon dies instead.
454 =head2 Literal control character variable names are no longer permissible
456 A variable name may no longer contain a literal control character under
457 any circumstances. These previously were allowed in single-character
458 names on ASCII platforms, but have been deprecated there since Perl
459 5.20. This affects things like C<$I<\cT>>, where I<\cT> is a literal
460 control (such as a C<NAK> or C<NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE> character) in the
463 =head2 C<NBSP> is no longer permissible in C<\N{...}>
465 The name of a character may no longer contain non-breaking spaces. It
466 has been deprecated to do so since Perl 5.22.
470 =head2 String delimiters that aren't stand-alone graphemes are now deprecated
472 In order for Perl to eventually allow string delimiters to be Unicode
473 grapheme clusters (which look like a single character, but may be
474 a sequence of several ones), we have to stop allowing a single character
475 delimiter that isn't a grapheme by itself. These are unlikely to exist
476 in actual code, as they would typically display as attached to the
477 character in front of them.
479 =head2 C<\cI<X>> that maps to a printable is no longer deprecated
481 This means we have no plans to remove this feature. It still raises a
482 warning, but only if syntax warnings are enabled. The feature was
483 originally intended to be a way to express non-printable characters that
484 don't have a mnemonic (C<\t> and C<\n> are mnemonics for two
485 non-printable characters, but most non-printables don't have a
486 mnemonic.) But the feature can be used to specify a few printable
487 characters, though those are more clearly expressed as the printable
489 L<http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2017/02/msg242944.html>.
491 =head1 Performance Enhancements
497 A hash in boolean context is now sometimes faster, I<e.g.>
501 This was already special-cased, but some cases were missed (such as
502 C<grep %$_, @AoH>, and even the ones which weren't have been improved.
504 =item * New Faster Hash Function on 64 bit builds
506 We use a different hash function for short and long keys. This should
507 improve performance and security, especially for long keys.
509 =item * readline is faster
511 Reading from a file line-by-line with C<readline()> or C<< E<lt>E<gt> >> should
512 now typically be faster due to a better implementation of the code that
513 searches for the next newline character.
517 Reduce cost of C<SvVALID()>.
521 C<$ref1 = $ref2> has been optimized.
525 Array and hash assignment are now faster, I<e.g.>
530 especially when the RHS is empty.
534 Reduce the number of odd special cases for the C<SvSCREAM> flag.
538 Avoid C<sv_catpvn()> in C<do_vop()> when unneeded.
542 Enhancements in Regex concat COW implementation.
546 Better optimise array and hash assignment: where an array or hash appears
547 in the LHS of a list assignment, such as C<(..., @a) = (...);>, it's
548 likely to be considerably faster, especially if it involves emptying the
549 array/hash. For example this code runs about 1/3 faster compared to
553 for my $i (1..10_000_000) {
561 Converting a single-digit string to a number is now substantially faster.
565 The internal op implementing the C<split> builtin has been simplified and
566 sped up. Firstly, it no longer requires a subsidiary internal C<pushre> op
567 to do its work. Secondly, code of the form C<my @x = split(...)> is now
568 optimised in the same way as C<@x = split(...)>, and is therefore a few
573 The rather slow implementation for the experimental subroutine signatures
574 feature has been made much faster; it is now comparable in speed with the
575 old-style C<my ($a, $b, @c) = @_>.
579 Bareword constant strings are now permitted to take part in constant
580 folding. They were originally exempted from constant folding in August 1999,
581 during the development of Perl 5.6, to ensure that C<use strict "subs">
582 would still apply to bareword constants. That has now been accomplished a
583 different way, so barewords, like other constants, now gain the performance
584 benefits of constant folding.
586 This also means that void-context warnings on constant expressions of
587 barewords now report the folded constant operand, rather than the operation;
588 this matches the behaviour for non-bareword constants.
592 =head1 Modules and Pragmata
594 =head2 Updated Modules and Pragmata
600 L<Archive::Tar> has been upgraded from version 2.04 to 2.24.
604 L<arybase> has been upgraded from version 0.11 to 0.12.
608 L<attributes> has been upgraded from version 0.27 to 0.29.
610 The deprecation message for the C<:unique> and C<:locked> attributes
611 now mention that they will disappear in Perl 5.28.
615 L<B> has been upgraded from version 1.62 to 1.68.
619 L<B::Concise> has been upgraded from version 0.996 to 0.999.
621 Its output is now more descriptive for C<op_private> flags.
625 L<B::Debug> has been upgraded from version 1.23 to 1.24.
629 L<B::Deparse> has been upgraded from version 1.37 to 1.40.
633 L<B::Xref> has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.
635 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
636 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
640 L<base> has been upgraded from version 2.23 to 2.25.
644 L<bignum> has been upgraded from version 0.42 to 0.47.
648 L<Carp> has been upgraded from version 1.40 to 1.42.
652 L<charnames> has been upgraded from version 1.43 to 1.44.
656 L<Compress::Raw::Bzip2> has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.
660 L<Compress::Raw::Zlib> has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.
664 L<Config::Perl::V> has been upgraded from version 0.25 to 0.28.
668 L<CPAN> has been upgraded from version 2.11 to 2.18.
672 L<CPAN::Meta> has been upgraded from version 2.150005 to 2.150010.
676 L<Data::Dumper> has been upgraded from version 2.160 to 2.167.
678 The XS implementation now supports Deparse.
680 This fixes a stack management bug.
681 L<[perl #130487]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130487>.
685 L<DB_File> has been upgraded from version 1.835 to 1.840.
689 L<Devel::Peek> has been upgraded from version 1.23 to 1.26.
693 L<Devel::PPPort> has been upgraded from version 3.32 to 3.35.
697 L<Devel::SelfStubber> has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.
699 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
700 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
704 L<diagnostics> has been upgraded from version 1.34 to 1.36.
706 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
707 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
711 L<Digest> has been upgraded from version 1.17 to 1.17_01.
715 L<Digest::MD5> has been upgraded from version 2.54 to 2.55.
719 L<Digest::SHA> has been upgraded from version 5.95 to 5.96.
723 L<DynaLoader> has been upgraded from version 1.38 to 1.42.
727 L<Encode> has been upgraded from version 2.80 to 2.88.
731 L<encoding> has been upgraded from version 2.17 to 2.19.
733 This module's default mode is no longer supported. It now
734 dies when imported, unless the C<Filter> option is being used.
738 L<encoding::warnings> has been upgraded from version 0.12 to 0.13.
740 This module is no longer supported. It emits a warning to
741 that effect and then does nothing.
745 L<Errno> has been upgraded from version 1.25 to 1.28.
747 Document that using C<%!> loads Errno for you.
749 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
750 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
754 L<ExtUtils::Embed> has been upgraded from version 1.33 to 1.34.
756 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
757 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
761 L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> has been upgraded from version 7.10_01 to 7.24.
765 L<ExtUtils::Miniperl> has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.
769 L<ExtUtils::ParseXS> has been upgraded from version 3.31 to 3.34.
773 L<ExtUtils::Typemaps> has been upgraded from version 3.31 to 3.34.
777 L<feature> has been upgraded from version 1.42 to 1.47.
779 Fixes the Unicode Bug in the range operator.
783 L<File::Copy> has been upgraded from version 2.31 to 2.32.
787 L<File::Fetch> has been upgraded from version 0.48 to 0.52.
791 L<File::Glob> has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.
793 Issue a deprecation message for C<File::Glob::glob()>.
797 L<File::Spec> has been upgraded from version 3.63 to 3.67.
801 L<FileHandle> has been upgraded from version 2.02 to 2.03.
805 L<Filter::Simple> has been upgraded from version 0.92 to 0.93.
807 It no longer treats C<no MyFilter> immediately following C<use MyFilter> as
809 L<[perl #107726]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=107726>
813 L<Getopt::Long> has been upgraded from version 2.48 to 2.49.
817 L<Getopt::Std> has been upgraded from version 1.11 to 1.12.
821 L<Hash::Util> has been upgraded from version 0.19 to 0.22.
825 L<HTTP::Tiny> has been upgraded from version 0.056 to 0.070.
827 Internal 599-series errors now include the redirect history.
831 L<I18N::LangTags> has been upgraded from version 0.40 to 0.42.
833 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
834 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
838 L<IO> has been upgraded from version 1.36 to 1.38.
842 IO-Compress has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.
846 L<IO::Socket::IP> has been upgraded from version 0.37 to 0.38.
850 L<IPC::Cmd> has been upgraded from version 0.92 to 0.96.
854 L<IPC::SysV> has been upgraded from version 2.06_01 to 2.07.
858 L<JSON::PP> has been upgraded from version 2.27300 to 2.27400_02.
862 L<lib> has been upgraded from version 0.63 to 0.64.
864 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
865 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
869 L<List::Util> has been upgraded from version 1.42_02 to 1.46_02.
873 L<Locale::Codes> has been upgraded from version 3.37 to 3.42.
877 L<Locale::Maketext> has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.
881 L<Locale::Maketext::Simple> has been upgraded from version 0.21 to 0.21_01.
885 L<Math::BigInt> has been upgraded from version 1.999715 to 1.999806.
887 There have also been some core customizations.
891 L<Math::BigInt::FastCalc> has been upgraded from version 0.40 to 0.5005.
895 L<Math::BigRat> has been upgraded from version 0.260802 to 0.2611.
899 L<Math::Complex> has been upgraded from version 1.59 to 1.5901.
903 L<Memoize> has been upgraded from version 1.03 to 1.03_01.
907 L<Module::CoreList> has been upgraded from version 5.20170420 to 5.20170520.
911 L<Module::Load::Conditional> has been upgraded from version 0.64 to 0.68.
915 L<Module::Metadata> has been upgraded from version 1.000031 to 1.000033.
919 L<mro> has been upgraded from version 1.18 to 1.20.
923 L<Net::Ping> has been upgraded from version 2.43 to 2.55.
925 IPv6 addresses and C<AF_INET6> sockets are now supported, along with several
928 Remove sudo from 500_ping_icmp.t.
930 Avoid stderr noise in tests
932 Check for echo in new L<Net::Ping> tests.
936 L<NEXT> has been upgraded from version 0.65 to 0.67.
940 L<Opcode> has been upgraded from version 1.34 to 1.39.
944 L<open> has been upgraded from version 1.10 to 1.11.
948 L<OS2::Process> has been upgraded from version 1.11 to 1.12.
950 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
951 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
955 L<overload> has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.
957 Its compilation speed has been improved slightly.
961 L<parent> has been upgraded from version 0.234 to 0.236.
965 L<perl5db.pl> has been upgraded from version 1.50 to 1.51.
967 Ignore F</dev/tty> on non-Unix systems.
968 L<[perl #113960]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=113960>
972 L<Perl::OSType> has been upgraded from version 1.009 to 1.010.
976 L<perlfaq> has been upgraded from version 5.021010 to 5.021011.
980 L<PerlIO> has been upgraded from version 1.09 to 1.10.
984 L<PerlIO::encoding> has been upgraded from version 0.24 to 0.25.
988 L<PerlIO::scalar> has been upgraded from version 0.24 to 0.26.
992 L<Pod::Checker> has been upgraded from version 1.60 to 1.73.
996 L<Pod::Functions> has been upgraded from version 1.10 to 1.11.
1000 L<Pod::Html> has been upgraded from version 1.22 to 1.2202.
1004 L<Pod::Perldoc> has been upgraded from version 3.25_02 to 3.28.
1008 L<Pod::Simple> has been upgraded from version 3.32 to 3.35.
1012 L<Pod::Usage> has been upgraded from version 1.68 to 1.69.
1016 L<POSIX> has been upgraded from version 1.65 to 1.76. This remedies several
1017 defects in making its symbols exportable.
1018 L<[perl #127821]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127821>
1019 The C<POSIX::tmpnam()> interface has been removed,
1020 see L</"POSIX::tmpnam() has been removed">.
1021 Trying to import POSIX subs that have no real implementations
1022 (like C<POSIX::atend()>) now fails at import time, instead of
1023 waiting until runtime.
1027 L<re> has been upgraded from version 0.32 to 0.34
1029 This adds support for the new L<C<E<47>xx>|perlre/E<sol>x and E<sol>xx>
1030 regular expression pattern modifier, and a change to the L<S<C<use re
1031 'strict'>>|re/'strict' mode> experimental feature. When S<C<re
1032 'strict'>> is enabled, a warning now will be generated for all
1033 unescaped uses of the two characters C<"}"> and C<"]"> in regular
1034 expression patterns (outside bracketed character classes) that are taken
1035 literally. This brings them more in line with the C<")"> character which
1036 is always a metacharacter unless escaped. Being a metacharacter only
1037 sometimes, depending on action at a distance, can lead to silently
1038 having the pattern mean something quite different than was intended,
1039 which the S<C<re 'strict'>> mode is intended to minimize.
1043 L<Safe> has been upgraded from version 2.39 to 2.40.
1047 L<Scalar::Util> has been upgraded from version 1.42_02 to 1.46_02.
1051 L<Storable> has been upgraded from version 2.56 to 2.62.
1054 L<[perl #130098]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130098>.
1058 L<Symbol> has been upgraded from version 1.07 to 1.08.
1062 L<Sys::Syslog> has been upgraded from version 0.33 to 0.35.
1066 L<Term::ANSIColor> has been upgraded from version 4.04 to 4.06.
1070 L<Term::ReadLine> has been upgraded from version 1.15 to 1.16.
1072 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
1073 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
1077 L<Test> has been upgraded from version 1.28 to 1.30.
1079 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
1080 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
1084 L<Test::Harness> has been upgraded from version 3.36 to 3.38.
1088 L<Test::Simple> has been upgraded from version 1.001014 to 1.302073.
1092 L<Thread::Queue> has been upgraded from version 3.09 to 3.12.
1096 L<Thread::Semaphore> has been upgraded from 2.12 to 2.13.
1098 Added the C<down_timed> method.
1102 L<threads> has been upgraded from version 2.07 to 2.15.
1104 Compatibility with 5.8 has been restored.
1107 L<[perl #130469]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130469>.
1111 L<threads::shared> has been upgraded from version 1.51 to 1.56.
1113 This fixes [cpan #119529],
1114 L<[perl #130457]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130457>
1118 L<Tie::Hash::NamedCapture> has been upgraded from version 0.09 to 0.10.
1122 L<Time::HiRes> has been upgraded from version 1.9733 to 1.9741.
1124 It now builds on systems with C++11 compilers (such as G++ 6 and Clang++
1127 Now uses C<clockid_t>.
1131 L<Time::Local> has been upgraded from version 1.2300 to 1.25.
1135 L<Unicode::Collate> has been upgraded from version 1.14 to 1.19.
1139 L<Unicode::UCD> has been upgraded from version 0.64 to 0.68.
1141 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
1142 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
1146 L<version> has been upgraded from version 0.9916 to 0.9917.
1150 L<VMS::DCLsym> has been upgraded from version 1.06 to 1.08.
1152 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
1153 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
1157 L<warnings> has been upgraded from version 1.36 to 1.37.
1161 L<XS::Typemap> has been upgraded from version 0.14 to 0.15.
1165 L<XSLoader> has been upgraded from version 0.21 to 0.27.
1167 Fixed a security hole in which binary files could be loaded from a path
1168 outside of L<C<@INC>|perlvar/@INC>.
1170 It now uses 3-arg C<open()> instead of 2-arg C<open()>.
1171 L<[perl #130122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>
1175 =head1 Documentation
1177 =head2 New Documentation
1179 =head3 L<perldeprecation>
1181 This file documents all upcoming deprecations, and some of the deprecations
1182 which already have been removed. The purpose of this documentation is
1183 two-fold: document what will disappear, and by which version, and serve
1184 as a guide for people dealing with code which has features that no longer
1185 work after an upgrade of their perl.
1187 =head2 Changes to Existing Documentation
1189 We have attempted to update the documentation to reflect the changes
1190 listed in this document. If you find any we have missed, send email to
1191 L<perlbug@perl.org|mailto:perlbug@perl.org>.
1193 Additionally all references to Usenet have been removed, and the
1194 following selected changes have been made:
1202 Removed obsolete text about L<C<defined()>|perlfunc/defined>
1203 on aggregates that should have been deleted earlier, when the feature
1208 Corrected documentation of L<C<eval()>|perlfunc/eval>,
1209 and L<C<evalbytes()>|perlfunc/evalbytes>.
1213 Clarified documentation of L<C<seek()>|perlfunc/seek>,
1214 L<C<tell()>|perlfunc/tell> and L<C<sysseek()>|perlfunc/sysseek>
1215 emphasizing that positions are in bytes and not characters.
1216 L<[perl #128607]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128607>
1220 Clarified documentation of L<C<sort()>|perlfunc/sort LIST> concerning
1221 the variables C<$a> and C<$b>.
1225 In L<C<split()>|perlfunc/split> noted that certain pattern modifiers are
1226 legal, and added a caution about its use in Perls before v5.11,
1230 Removed obsolete documentation of L<C<study()>|perlfunc/study>, noting
1231 that it is now a no-op.
1235 Noted that L<C<vec()>|perlfunc/vec> doesn't work well when the string
1236 contains characters whose code points are above 255.
1247 L<formatted printing of operands of C<Size_t> and C<SSize_t>|perlguts/Formatted Printing of Size_t and SSize_t>
1257 Clarify what editor tab stop rules to use, and note that we are
1258 migrating away from using tabs, replacing them with sequences of SPACE
1263 =head3 L<perlhacktips>
1269 Give another reason to use C<cBOOL> to cast an expression to boolean.
1273 Note that there are macros C<TRUE> and C<FALSE> available to express
1278 =head3 L<perlinterp>
1284 L<perlinterp> has been expanded to give a more detailed example of how to
1285 hunt around in the parser for how a given operator is handled.
1289 =head3 L<perllocale>
1295 Some locales aren't compatible with Perl. Note that these can cause
1306 Various clarifications have been added.
1310 =head3 L<perlmodlib>
1316 Updated the site mirror list.
1326 Added a section on calling methods using their fully qualified names.
1330 Do not discourage manual C<@ISA>.
1340 Mention C<Moo> more.
1350 Note that white space must be used for quoting operators if the
1351 delimiter is a word character (I<i.e.>, matches C<\w>).
1355 Clarify that in regular expression patterns delimited by single quotes,
1356 no variable interpolation is done.
1366 The first part was extensively rewritten to incorporate various basic
1367 points, that in earlier versions were mentioned in sort of an appendix
1368 on Version 8 regular expressions.
1372 Note that it is common to have the C</x> modifier and forget that this
1373 means that C<"#"> has to be escaped.
1383 Add introductory material
1387 Note that a metacharacter occurring in a context where it can't mean
1388 that, silently loses its meta-ness and matches literally.
1389 L<C<use re 'strict'>|re/'strict' mode> can catch some of these.
1393 =head3 L<perlunicode>
1399 Corrected the text about Unicode BYTE ORDER MARK handling.
1403 Updated the text to correspond with changes in Unicode UTS#18, concerning
1404 regular expressions, and Perl compatibility with what it says.
1414 Document C<@ISA>. Was documented other places, not not in L<perlvar>.
1420 =head2 New Diagnostics
1428 Since C<"."> is now removed from C<@INC> by default, C<do> will now trigger
1429 a warning recommending to fix the C<do> statement:
1431 L<do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC|perldiag/do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do ".E<sol>%s"?>
1435 Using the empty pattern (which re-executes the last successfully-matched
1436 pattern) inside a code block in another regex, as in C</(?{ s!!new! })/>, has
1437 always previously yielded a segfault. It now produces an error:
1438 L<Infinite recursion in regex|perldiag/"Infinite recursion in regex">.
1442 L<The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled|perldiag/"The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled">
1444 (F) To declare references to variables, as in C<my \%x>, you must first enable
1447 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
1448 use feature "declared_refs";
1450 See L</Declaring a reference to a variable>.
1454 L<Version control conflict marker|perldiag/"Version control conflict marker">
1456 (F) The parser found a line starting with C<E<lt>E<lt>E<lt>E<lt>E<lt>E<lt>E<lt>>,
1457 C<E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>>, or C<=======>. These may be left by a
1458 version control system to mark conflicts after a failed merge operation.
1462 L<%s: command not found|perldiag/"%s: command not found">
1464 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<bash> or another shell
1465 instead of Perl. Check the C<#!> line, or manually feed your script into
1466 Perl yourself. The C<#!> line at the top of your file could look like:
1472 L<%s: command not found: %s|perldiag/"%s: command not found: %s">
1474 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<zsh> or another shell
1475 instead of Perl. Check the C<#!> line, or manually feed your script into
1476 Perl yourself. The C<#!> line at the top of your file could look like:
1482 L<Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here|perldiag/Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; marked by S<E<lt>-- HERE> in mE<sol>%sE<sol>>
1484 Unescaped left braces are now illegal in some contexts in regular expression
1485 patterns. In other contexts, they are still just deprecated; they will
1486 be illegal in Perl 5.30.
1490 L<Bareword in require contains "%s"|perldiag/"Bareword in require contains "%s"">
1494 L<Bareword in require maps to empty filename|perldiag/"Bareword in require maps to empty filename">
1498 L<Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"|perldiag/"Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"">
1502 L<Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"|perldiag/"Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"">
1512 L<Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter will be a fatal error starting in Perl 5.30|perldiag/"Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter will be a fatal error starting in Perl 5.30">
1514 See L</Deprecations>
1518 L<Declaring references is experimental|perldiag/"Declaring references is experimental">
1520 (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use a reference
1521 constructor on the right-hand side of C<my()>, C<state()>, C<our()>, or
1522 C<local()>. Simply suppress the warning if you want to use the feature, but
1523 know that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental feature
1524 which may change or be removed in a future Perl version:
1526 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
1527 use feature "declared_refs";
1530 See L</Declaring a reference to a variable>.
1534 L<C<${^ENCODING}> is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28|perldiag/"${^ENCODING} is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28">
1536 The special variable C<${^ENCODING}>, formerly used to implement
1537 the C<encoding> pragma, is no longer supported as of Perl 5.26.
1541 Since C<"."> is now removed from C<@INC> by default, C<do> will now trigger
1542 a warning recommending to fix the C<do> statement:
1544 L<do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC|perldiag/do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do ".E<sol>%s"?>
1548 =head2 Changes to Existing Diagnostics
1554 When a C<require> fails, we now do not provide C<@INC> when the C<require>
1555 is for a file instead of a module.
1559 When C<@INC> is not scanned for a C<require> call, we no longer display
1560 C<@INC> to avoid confusion.
1564 Details as to the exact problem have been added to the diagnostics that
1565 occur when malformed UTF-8 is encountered when trying to convert to a
1570 L<Attribute "locked" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28
1571 |perldiag/Attribute "locked" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28>
1575 L<Attribute "unique" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28
1576 |perldiag/Attribute "unique" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28>
1580 L<Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are deprecated. This will not be allowed in Perl 5.32
1581 |perldiag/Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are deprecated. This will not be allowed in Perl 5.32>
1585 L<Deprecated use of C<my()> in false conditional. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30
1586 |perldiag/Deprecated use of C<my()> in false conditional. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30>
1590 L<C<dump()> better written as C<CORE::dump()>. C<dump()> will no longer be available in Perl 5.30
1591 |perldiag/C<dump()> better written as C<CORE::dump()>. C<dump()> will no longer be available in Perl 5.30>
1595 L<C<${^ENCODING}> is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28
1596 |perldiag/C<${^ENCODING}> is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28>
1600 L<Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden This message now is followed by more helpful text.
1601 L<[perl #127976]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127976>
1602 |perldiag/Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden>.
1603 This message now is followed by more helpful text.
1604 L<[perl #127976]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127976>
1608 L<C<File::Glob::glob()> will disappear in perl 5.30. Use C<File::Glob::bsd_glob()> instead.
1609 |perldiag/C<File::Glob::glob()> will disappear in perl 5.30. Use C<File::Glob::bsd_glob()> instead.>
1613 L<%s() is deprecated on C<:utf8> handles. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30
1614 |perldiag/%s() is deprecated on C<:utf8> handles. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30>.
1615 "%s" is one of C<sysread>, C<recv>, C<syswrite>, or C<send>.
1619 L<C<$*> is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30
1620 |perldiag/C<$*> is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30>
1624 L<Opening dirhandle %s also as a file. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28
1625 |perldiag/Opening dirhandle %s also as a file. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28>
1629 L<Opening filehandle %s also as a directory. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28
1630 |perldiag/Opening filehandle %s also as a directory. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28>
1634 L<Setting C<$/> to a reference to %s as a form of slurp is deprecated, treating as undef. This will be fatal in Perl 5.28
1635 |perldiag/Setting C<$/> to a reference to %s as a form of slurp is deprecated, treating as undef. This will be fatal in Perl 5.28>
1639 L<Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in Perl 5.30), passed through in regex; marked by S<< E<lt>-- HERE >> in mE<sol>%sE<sol>
1640 |perldiag/Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in Perl 5.30), passed through in regex; marked by S<< E<lt>-- HERE >> in m/%s/>
1644 L<Unknown charname '' is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28
1645 |perldiag/Unknown charname '' is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28>
1649 L<Use of bare E<lt>E<lt> to mean E<lt>E<lt>"" is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28
1650 |perldiag/Use of bare E<lt>E<lt> to mean E<lt>E<lt>"" is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28>
1654 L<Use of code point 0x%s is deprecated; the permissible max is 0x%s. This will be fatal in Perl 5.28
1655 |perldiag/Use of code point 0x%s is deprecated; the permissible max is 0x%s. This will be fatal in Perl 5.28>
1659 L<Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28
1660 |perldiag/Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28>
1664 L<Use of inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-method %s() is deprecated. This will be fatal in Perl 5.28
1665 |perldiag/Use of inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-method %s() is deprecated. This will be fatal in Perl 5.28>
1669 L<Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator is deprecated. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28
1670 |perldiag/Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator is deprecated. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28>
1674 =head1 Utility Changes
1676 =head2 F<c2ph> and F<pstruct>
1682 These old utilities have long since superceded by L<h2xs>, and are
1683 now gone from the distribution.
1687 =head2 F<Porting/pod_lib.pl>
1693 Removed spurious executable bit.
1697 Account for the possibility of DOS file endings.
1701 =head2 F<Porting/sync-with-cpan>
1711 =head2 F<perf/benchmarks>
1717 Tidy file, rename some symbols.
1721 =head2 F<Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl>
1727 Replace obscure character range with C<\w>.
1731 =head2 F<t/porting/regen.t>
1737 try to be more helpful when tests fail.
1741 =head2 F<utils/h2xs.PL>
1747 Avoid infinite loop for enums.
1757 Long lines in the message body are now wrapped at 900 characters, to stay
1758 well within the 1000-character limit imposed by SMTP mail transfer agents.
1759 This is particularly likely to be important for the list of arguments to
1760 C<Configure>, which can readily exceed the limit if, for example, it names
1761 several non-default installation paths. This change also adds the first unit
1763 L<[perl #128020]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128020>
1767 =head1 Configuration and Compilation
1773 C<-Ddefault_inc_excludes_dot> has been turned on by default.
1777 The C<dtrace> build process has further changes
1778 L<[perl #130108]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130108>:
1784 If the C<-xnolibs> is available, use that so a F<dtrace> perl can be
1785 built within a FreeBSD jail.
1789 On systems that build a dtrace object file (FreeBSD, Solaris and
1790 SystemTap's dtrace emulation), copy the input objects to a separate
1791 directory and process them there, and use those objects in the link,
1792 since C<dtrace -G> also modifies these objects.
1796 Add libelf to the build on FreeBSD 10.x, since dtrace adds references
1801 Generate a dummy dtrace_main.o if C<dtrace -G> fails to build it. A
1802 default build on Solaris generates probes from the unused inline
1803 functions, while they don't on FreeBSD, which causes C<dtrace -G> to
1810 You can now disable perl's use of the C<PERL_HASH_SEED> and
1811 C<PERL_PERTURB_KEYS> environment variables by configuring perl with
1812 C<-Accflags=NO_PERL_HASH_ENV>.
1816 You can now disable perl's use of the C<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG> environment
1817 variable by configuring perl with
1818 C<-Accflags=-DNO_PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG>.
1822 Zero out the alignment bytes when calculating the bytes for 80-bit C<NaN>
1823 and C<Inf> to make builds more reproducible.
1824 L<[perl #130133]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130133>
1828 Since v5.18 for testing purposes, we have included support for
1829 building perl with a variety of non-standard, and non-recommended
1830 hash functions. Since we do not recommend the use of these functions
1831 we have removed them and their corresponding build options. Specifically
1832 this includes the following build options:
1836 PERL_HASH_FUNC_SUPERFAST
1837 PERL_HASH_FUNC_MURMUR3
1838 PERL_HASH_FUNC_ONE_AT_A_TIME
1839 PERL_HASH_FUNC_ONE_AT_A_TIME_OLD
1840 PERL_HASH_FUNC_MURMUR_HASH_64A
1841 PERL_HASH_FUNC_MURMUR_HASH_64B
1845 Remove "Warning: perl appears in your path"
1847 This install warning is more or less obsolete, since most platforms already
1848 B<will> have a F</usr/bin/perl> or similar provided by the OS.
1852 Reduce verbosity of C<make install.man>
1854 Previously, two progress messages were emitted for each manpage: one by
1855 installman itself, and one by the function in install_lib.pl that it calls to
1856 actually install the file. Disabling the second of those in each case saves
1857 over 750 lines of unhelpful output.
1861 Cleanup for C<clang -Weverything> support.
1862 L<[perl #129961]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129961>
1866 Configure: signbit scan was assuming too much, stop assuming negative 0.
1870 Various compiler warnings have been silenced.
1874 Several smaller changes have been made to remove impediments to compiling under
1879 Builds using C<USE_PAD_RESET> now work again; this configuration had
1884 A probe for C<gai_strerror> was added to F<Configure> that checks if the
1885 the C<gai_strerror()> routine is available and can be used to
1886 translate error codes returned by C<getaddrinfo()> into human
1891 F<Configure> now aborts if both C<-Duselongdouble> and C<-Dusequadmath> are
1893 L<[perl #126203]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126203>
1897 Fixed a bug in which F<Configure> could append C<-quadmath> to the archname even
1898 if it was already present.
1899 L<[perl #128538]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128538>
1903 Clang builds with C<-DPERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT> or
1904 C<-DPERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE> have
1905 been fixed (by disabling Thread Safety Analysis for these configurations).
1909 F<make_ext.pl> no longer updates a module's F<pm_to_blib> file when no
1910 files require updates. This could cause dependencies, F<perlmain.c>
1911 in particular, to be rebuilt unnecessarily.
1912 L<[perl #126710]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126710>
1916 The output of C<perl -V> has been reformatted so that each configuration
1917 and compile-time option is now listed one per line, to improve
1922 C<Configure> now builds C<miniperl> and C<generate_uudmap> if you
1923 invoke it with C<-Dusecrosscompiler> but not C<-Dtargethost=somehost>.
1924 This means you can supply your target platform C<config.sh>, generate
1925 the headers and proceed to build your cross-target perl.
1926 L<[perl #127234]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127234>
1930 Builds with C<-Accflags=-DPERL_TRACE_OPS> now only dump the operator
1931 counts when the environment variable C<PERL_TRACE_OPS> to be set to a
1932 non-zero integer. This allows C<make test> to pass on such a build.
1936 When building with GCC 6 and link-time optimization (the C<-flto> option to
1937 C<gcc>), C<Configure> was treating all probed symbols as present on the
1938 system, regardless of whether they actually exist. This has been fixed.
1939 L<[perl #128131]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128131>
1943 The F<t/test.pl> library is used for internal testing of Perl itself, and
1944 also copied by several CPAN modules. Some of those modules must work on
1945 older versions of Perl, so F<t/test.pl> must in turn avoid newer Perl
1946 features. Compatibility with Perl 5.8 was inadvertently removed some time
1947 ago; it has now been restored.
1948 L<[perl #128052]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128052>
1952 The build process no longer emits an extra blank line before building each
1953 "simple" extension (those with only F<*.pm> and F<*.pod> files).
1959 Tests were added and changed to reflect the other additions and changes
1960 in this release. In addition, these substantive changes were made:
1966 A new test script, F<comp/parser_run.t>, has been added to test
1967 reads through invalid pointers.
1971 Tests for locales were erroneously using locales incompatible with Perl.
1975 Some parts of the test suite that try to exhaustively test edge cases in the
1976 regex implementation have been restricted to running for a maximum of five
1977 minutes. On slow systems they could otherwise take several hours, without
1978 significantly improving our understanding of the correctness of the code
1981 In addition, some of those test cases have been split into more files, to
1982 allow them to be run in parallel on suitable systems.
1986 A new internal facility allows analysing the time taken by the individual
1987 tests in Perl's own test suite; see F<Porting/harness-timer-report.pl>.
1991 F<t/re/regexp_nonull.t> has been added to test that the regular expression
1992 engine can handle scalars that do not have a null byte just past the end of
1997 A new test script, F<t/op/decl-refs.t>, has been added to test the new feature
1998 L</Declaring a reference to a variable>.
2002 A new test script, F<t/re/keep_tabs.t> has been added to contain tests
2003 where C<\t> characters should not be expanded into spaces.
2007 A new test script, F<t/re/anyof.t>, has been added to test that the ANYOF nodes
2008 generated by bracketed character classes are as expected.
2012 There is now more extensive testing of the Unicode-related API macros
2017 Several of the longer running API test files have been split into
2018 multiple test files so that they can be run in parallel.
2022 F<t/harness> now tries really hard not to run tests outside of the Perl
2024 L<[perl #124050]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=124050>
2028 =head1 Platform Support
2030 =head2 New Platforms
2036 Perl now compiles under NetBSD on VAX machines. However, it's not
2037 possible for that platform to implement floating-point infinities and
2038 NaNs compatibly with most modern systems, which implement the IEEE-754
2039 floating point standard. The hexadecimal floating point (C<0x...p[+-]n>
2040 literals, C<printf %a>) is not implemented, either.
2041 The C<make test> passes 98% of tests.
2047 Test fixes and minor updates.
2051 Account for lack of C<inf>, C<nan>, and C<-0.0> support.
2057 =head2 Platform-Specific Notes
2063 don't treat C<-Dprefix=/usr> as special, instead require an extra option
2064 C<-Ddarwin_distribution> to produce the same results.
2068 Finish removing POSIX deprecated functions.
2072 OS X El Capitan doesn't implement the C<clock_gettime()> or
2073 C<clock_getres()> APIs; emulate them as necessary.
2077 Deprecated C<syscall(2)> on macOS 10.12.
2081 Several tests have been updated to work (or be skipped) on EBCDIC platforms.
2085 L<Net::Ping> UDP test is skipped on HP-UX.
2089 The hints for Hurd have been improved enabling malloc wrap and reporting the
2090 GNU libc used (previously it was an empty string when reported).
2094 VAX floating point formats are now supported on NetBSD.
2102 The path separator for the C<PERL5LIB> and C<PERLLIB> environment entries is
2103 now a colon (C<":">) when running under a Unix shell. There is no change when
2104 running under DCL (it's still C<"|">).
2108 C<configure.com> now recognizes the VSI-branded C compiler and no longer
2109 recognizes the "DEC"-branded C compiler (as there hasn't been such a thing for
2120 Support for compiling perl on Windows using Microsoft Visual Studio 2015
2121 (containing Visual C++ 14.0) has been added.
2123 This version of VC++ includes a completely rewritten C run-time library, some
2124 of the changes in which mean that work done to resolve a socket
2126 perl #120091 and perl #118059 is not workable in its current state with this
2127 version of VC++. Therefore, we have effectively reverted that bug fix for
2128 VS2015 onwards on the basis that being able to build with VS2015 onwards is
2129 more important than keeping the bug fix. We may revisit this in the future to
2130 attempt to fix the bug again in a way that is compatible with VS2015.
2132 These changes do not affect compilation with GCC or with Visual Studio versions
2133 up to and including VS2013, I<i.e.>, the bug fix is retained (unchanged) for those
2136 Note that you may experience compatibility problems if you mix a perl built
2137 with GCC or VS E<lt>= VS2013 with XS modules built with VS2015, or if you mix a
2138 perl built with VS2015 with XS modules built with GCC or VS E<lt>= VS2013.
2139 Some incompatibility may arise because of the bug fix that has been reverted
2140 for VS2015 builds of perl, but there may well be incompatibility anyway because
2141 of the rewritten CRT in VS2015 (I<e.g.>, see discussion at
2142 L<http://stackoverflow.com/questions/30412951>).
2152 Tweaks for Win32 VC vs GCC detection makefile code. This fixes issue that CCHOME
2153 depends on CCTYPE, which in auto detect mode is set after CCHOME, so CCHOME uses
2154 the uninit CCTYPE var. Also fix else vs .ELSE in makefile.mk
2158 fp definitions have been updated.
2164 Drop support for Linux a.out Linux has used ELF for over twenty years.
2168 OpenBSD 6 still does not support returning pid, gid or uid with SA_SIGINFO.
2169 Make sure this is accounted for.
2173 F<t/uni/overload.t>: Skip hanging test on FreeBSD.
2177 =head1 Internal Changes
2183 A new API function L<C<sv_setpv_bufsize()>|perlapi/sv_setpv_bufsize>
2184 allows simultaneously setting the
2185 length and allocated size of the buffer in an C<SV>, growing the buffer if
2190 A new API macro L<C<SvPVCLEAR()>|perlapi/SvPVCLEAR> sets its C<SV>
2191 argument to an empty string,
2192 like Perl-space C<$x = ''>, but with several optimisations.
2196 Several new macros and functions for dealing with Unicode and
2197 UTF-8-encoded strings have been added to the API, as well as some
2199 functionality of existing functions (see L<perlapi/Unicode Support> for
2206 New versions of the API macros like C<isALPHA_utf8> and C<toLOWER_utf8>
2207 have been added, each with the suffix C<_safe>, like
2208 L<C<isSPACE_utf8_safe>|perlapi/isSPACE>. These take an extra
2209 parameter, giving an upper
2210 limit of how far into the string it is safe to read. Using the old
2211 versions could cause attempts to read beyond the end of the input buffer
2212 if the UTF-8 is not well-formed, and their use now raises a deprecation
2213 warning. Details are at L<perlapi/Character classification>.
2217 Macros like L<C<isALPHA_utf8>|perlapi/isALPHA> and
2218 L<C<toLOWER_utf8>|perlapi/toLOWER_utf8> now die if they detect
2219 that their input UTF-8 is malformed. A deprecation warning had been
2220 issued since Perl 5.18.
2224 Several new macros for analysing the validity of utf8 sequences. These
2227 L<C<UTF8_GOT_ABOVE_31_BIT>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_ABOVE_31_BIT>
2228 L<C<UTF8_GOT_CONTINUATION>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_CONTINUATION>
2229 L<C<UTF8_GOT_EMPTY>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_EMPTY>
2230 L<C<UTF8_GOT_LONG>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_LONG>
2231 L<C<UTF8_GOT_NONCHAR>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_NONCHAR>
2232 L<C<UTF8_GOT_NON_CONTINUATION>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_NON_CONTINUATION>
2233 L<C<UTF8_GOT_OVERFLOW>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_OVERFLOW>
2234 L<C<UTF8_GOT_SHORT>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_SHORT>
2235 L<C<UTF8_GOT_SUPER>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_SUPER>
2236 L<C<UTF8_GOT_SURROGATE>|perlapi/UTF8_GOT_SURROGATE>
2237 L<C<UTF8_IS_INVARIANT>|perlapi/UTF8_IS_INVARIANT>
2238 L<C<UTF8_IS_NONCHAR>|perlapi/UTF8_IS_NONCHAR>
2239 L<C<UTF8_IS_SUPER>|perlapi/UTF8_IS_SUPER>
2240 L<C<UTF8_IS_SURROGATE>|perlapi/UTF8_IS_SURROGATE>
2241 L<C<UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT>|perlapi/UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT>
2242 L<C<isUTF8_CHAR_flags>|perlapi/isUTF8_CHAR_flags>
2243 L<C<isSTRICT_UTF8_CHAR>|perlapi/isSTRICT_UTF8_CHAR>
2244 L<C<isC9_STRICT_UTF8_CHAR>|perlapi/isC9_STRICT_UTF8_CHAR>
2248 Functions that are all extensions of the C<is_utf8_string_I<*>()> functions,
2249 that apply various restrictions to the UTF-8 recognized as valid:
2251 L<C<is_strict_utf8_string>|perlapi/is_strict_utf8_string>,
2252 L<C<is_strict_utf8_string_loc>|perlapi/is_strict_utf8_string_loc>,
2253 L<C<is_strict_utf8_string_loclen>|perlapi/is_strict_utf8_string_loclen>,
2255 L<C<is_c9strict_utf8_string>|perlapi/is_c9strict_utf8_string>,
2256 L<C<is_c9strict_utf8_string_loc>|perlapi/is_c9strict_utf8_string_loc>,
2257 L<C<is_c9strict_utf8_string_loclen>|perlapi/is_c9strict_utf8_string_loclen>,
2259 L<C<is_utf8_string_flags>|perlapi/is_utf8_string_flags>,
2260 L<C<is_utf8_string_loc_flags>|perlapi/is_utf8_string_loc_flags>,
2261 L<C<is_utf8_string_loclen_flags>|perlapi/is_utf8_string_loclen_flags>,
2263 L<C<is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_flags>|perlapi/is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_flags>,
2264 L<C<is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loc_flags>|perlapi/is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loc_flags>,
2265 L<C<is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loclen_flags>|perlapi/is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loclen_flags>.
2267 L<C<is_utf8_invariant_string>|perlapi/is_utf8_invariant_string>.
2268 L<C<is_utf8_valid_partial_char>|perlapi/is_utf8_valid_partial_char>.
2269 L<C<is_utf8_valid_partial_char_flags>|perlapi/is_utf8_valid_partial_char_flags>.
2273 The functions L<C<utf8n_to_uvchr>|perlapi/utf8n_to_uvchr> and its
2274 derivatives have had several changes of behaviour.
2276 Calling them, while passing a string length of 0 is now asserted against
2277 in DEBUGGING builds, and otherwise returns the Unicode REPLACEMENT
2278 CHARACTER. If you have nothing to decode, you shouldn't call the decode
2281 They now return the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER if called with UTF-8
2282 that has the overlong malformation, and that malformation is allowed by
2283 the input parameters. This malformation is where the UTF-8 looks valid
2284 syntactically, but there is a shorter sequence that yields the same code
2285 point. This has been forbidden since Unicode version 3.1.
2287 They now accept an input
2288 flag to allow the overflow malformation. This malformation is when the
2289 UTF-8 may be syntactically valid, but the code point it represents is
2290 not capable of being represented in the word length on the platform.
2291 What "allowed" means in this case is that the function doesn't return an
2292 error, and it advances the parse pointer to beyond the UTF-8 in
2293 question, but it returns the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER as the value
2294 of the code point (since the real value is not representable).
2296 They no longer abandon searching for other malformations when the first
2297 one is encountered. A call to one of these functions thus can generate
2298 multiple diagnostics, instead of just one.
2302 L<C<valid_utf8_to_uvchr()>|perlapi/valid_utf8_to_uvchr> has been added
2303 to the API (although it was
2304 present in core earlier). Like C<utf8_to_uvchr_buf()>, but assumes that
2305 the next character is well-formed. Use with caution.
2309 A new function, L<C<utf8n_to_uvchr_error>|perlapi/utf8n_to_uvchr_error>,
2311 use by modules that need to know the details of UTF-8 malformations
2312 beyond pass/fail. Previously, the only ways to know why a sequence was
2313 ill-formed was to capture and parse the generated diagnostics, or to do
2318 There is now a safer version of utf8_hop(), called
2319 L<C<utf8_hop_safe()>|perlapi/utf8_hop_safe>.
2320 Unlike utf8_hop(), utf8_hop_safe() won't navigate before the beginning or
2321 after the end of the supplied buffer.
2325 Two new functions, L<C<utf8_hop_forward()>|perlapi/utf8_hop_forward> and
2326 L<C<utf8_hop_back()>|perlapi/utf8_hop_back> are
2327 similar to C<utf8_hop_safe()> but are for when you know which direction
2332 Two new macros which return useful utf8 byte sequences:
2334 L<C<BOM_UTF8>|perlapi/BOM_UTF8>
2335 L<C<REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8>|perlapi/REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8>
2341 Perl is now built with the C<PERL_OP_PARENT> compiler define enabled by
2342 default. To disable it, use the C<PERL_NO_OP_PARENT> compiler define.
2343 This flag alters how the C<op_sibling> field is used in C<OP> structures,
2344 and has been available optionally since perl 5.22.
2346 See L<perl5220delta/"Internal Changes"> for more details of what this
2351 Three new ops, C<OP_ARGELEM>, C<OP_ARGDEFELEM> and C<OP_ARGCHECK> have
2352 been added. These are intended principally to implement the individual
2353 elements of a subroutine signature, plus any overall checking required.
2357 The L<C<op_class()>|perlapi/op_class> API function has been added. This
2358 is like the existing
2359 C<OP_CLASS()> macro, but can more accurately determine what struct an op
2360 has been allocated as. For example C<OP_CLASS()> might return
2361 C<OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP> indicating that ops of this type are usually
2362 allocated as an C<OP> or C<UNOP>; while C<op_class()> will return
2363 C<OPclass_BASEOP> or C<OPclass_UNOP> as appropriate.
2367 All parts of the internals now agree that the C<sassign> op is a C<BINOP>;
2368 previously it was listed as a C<BASEOP> in F<regen/opcodes>, which meant
2369 that several parts of the internals had to be special-cased to accommodate
2370 it. This oddity's original motivation was to handle code like C<$x ||= 1>;
2371 that is now handled in a simpler way.
2375 The output format of the L<C<op_dump()>|perlapi/op_dump> function (as
2376 used by C<perl -Dx>)
2377 has changed: it now displays an "ASCII-art" tree structure, and shows more
2378 low-level details about each op, such as its address and class.
2382 The C<PADOFFSET> type has changed from being unsigned to signed, and
2383 several pad-related variables such as C<PL_padix> have changed from being
2384 of type C<I32> to type C<PADOFFSET>.
2388 The C<DEBUGGING>-mode output for regex compilation and execution has been
2393 Several obscure SV flags have been eliminated, sometimes along with the
2394 macros which manipulate them: C<SVpbm_VALID>, C<SVpbm_TAIL>, C<SvTAIL_on>,
2395 C<SvTAIL_off>, C<SVrepl_EVAL>, C<SvEVALED>
2399 An OP op_private flag has been eliminated: C<OPpRUNTIME>. This used to
2400 often get set on C<PMOP>s, but had become meaningless over time.
2404 =head1 Selected Bug Fixes
2410 Perl no longer panics when switching into some locales on machines with
2411 buggy C<strxfrm()> implementations in their libc.
2412 L<[perl #121734]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=121734>
2416 C< $-{$name} > would leak an C<AV> on each access if the regular
2417 expression had no named captures. The same applies to access to any
2418 hash tied with L<Tie::Hash::NamedCapture> and C<< all =E<gt> 1 >>. [perl
2423 Attempting to use the deprecated variable C<$#> as the object in an
2424 indirect object method call could cause a heap use after free or
2426 L<[perl #129274]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129274>
2430 When checking for an indirect object method call in some rare cases
2431 the parser could reallocate the line buffer but then continue to use
2432 pointers to the old buffer.
2433 L<[perl #129190]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129190>
2437 Supplying a glob as the format argument to
2438 L<C<formline>|perlfunc/formline> would
2439 cause an assertion failure.
2440 L<[perl #130722]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130722>
2444 Code like C< $value1 =~ qr/.../ ~~ $value2 > would have the match
2445 converted into a C<qr//> operator, leaving extra elements on the stack to
2446 confuse any surrounding expression.
2447 L<[perl #130705]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130705>
2451 Since v5.24 in some obscure cases, a regex which included code blocks
2452 from multiple sources (I<e.g.>, via embedded via C<qr//> objects) could end up
2453 with the wrong current pad and crash or give weird results.
2454 L<[perl #129881]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129881>
2458 Occasionally C<local()>s in a code block within a patterns weren't being
2459 undone when the pattern matching backtracked over the code block.
2460 L<[perl #126697]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126697>
2464 Using C<substr()> to modify a magic variable could access freed memory
2466 L<[perl #129340]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129340>
2470 Under C<use utf8>, the entire Perl program is now checked that the UTF-8
2472 L<[perl #126310]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126310>.
2476 The range operator C<".."> on strings now handles its arguments correctly when in
2477 the scope of the L<< C<unicode_strings>|feature/"The 'unicode_strings' feature" >>
2478 feature. The previous behaviour was sufficiently unexpected that we believe no
2479 correct program could have made use of it.
2483 The C<split> operator did not ensure enough space was allocated for
2484 its return value in scalar context. It could then write a single
2485 pointer immediately beyond the end of the memory block allocated for
2487 L<[perl #130262]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130262>
2491 Using a large code point with the C<"W"> pack template character with
2492 the current output position aligned at just the right point could
2493 cause a write a single zero byte immediately beyond the end of an
2495 L<[perl #129149]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129149>
2499 Supplying the form picture argument as part of the form argument list
2500 where the picture specifies modifying the argument could cause an
2501 access to the new freed compiled form.
2502 L<[perl #129125]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129125>
2506 Fix a problem with sort's build-in compare, where it would not sort
2507 correctly with 64-bit integers, and non-long doubles.
2508 L<[perl #130335]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130335>
2512 Fix issues with C</(?{ ... E<lt>E<lt>EOF })/> that broke
2513 L<Method::Signatures>.
2514 L<[perl #130398]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130398>
2518 Prevent tests from getting hung up on 'NonStop' option.
2519 L<[perl #130445]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130445>
2523 Fixed an assertion failure with C<chop> and C<chomp>, which
2524 could be triggered by C<chop(@x =~ tr/1/1/)>.
2525 L<[perl #130198]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130198>.
2529 Fixed a comment skipping error in patterns under C</x>; it could stop
2530 skipping a byte early, which could be in the middle of a UTF-8
2532 L<[perl #130495]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130495>.
2536 F<perldb> now ignores F</dev/tty> on non-Unix systems.
2537 L<[perl #113960]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=113960>;
2541 Fix assertion failure for C<{}-E<gt>$x> when C<$x> isn't defined.
2542 L<[perl #130496]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130496>.
2546 DragonFly BSD now has support for C<setproctitle()>.
2547 L<[perl #130068]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130068>.
2551 Fix an assertion error which could be triggered when a lookahead string
2552 in patterns exceeded a minimum length.
2553 L<[perl #130522]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130522>.
2557 Only warn once per literal about a misplaced C<"_">.
2558 L<[perl #70878]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=70878>.
2562 Ensure range-start is set after error in C<tr///>.
2563 L<[perl #129342]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129342>.
2567 Don't read past start of string for unmatched backref; otherwise,
2568 we may have heap buffer overflow.
2569 L<[perl #129377]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129377>.
2573 C<use re 'strict'> is supposed to warn if you use a range whose start
2574 and end digit aren't from the same group of 10. It didn't do that
2575 for five groups of mathematical digits starting at U+1D7E.
2579 A sub containing a "forward" declaration with the same name (I<e.g.>,
2580 C<sub c { sub c; }>) could sometimes crash or loop infinitely. [perl
2585 A crash in executing a regex with a non-anchored UTF-8 substring against a
2586 target string that also used UTF-8 has been fixed.
2587 L<[perl #129350]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129350>
2591 Previously, a shebang line like C<#!perl -i u> could be erroneously
2592 interpreted as requesting the C<-u> option. This has been fixed. [perl
2597 The regex engine was previously producing incorrect results in some rare
2598 situations when backtracking past a trie that matches only one thing; this
2599 showed up as capture buffers (C<$1>, C<$2>, I<etc.>) erroneously containing data
2600 from regex execution paths that weren't actually executed for the final
2602 L<[perl #129897]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129897>
2606 Certain regexes making use of the experimental C<regex_sets> feature could
2607 trigger an assertion failure. This has been fixed.
2608 L<[perl #129322]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129322>
2612 Invalid assignments to a reference constructor (I<e.g.>, C<\eval=time>) could
2613 sometimes crash in addition to giving a syntax error.
2614 L<[perl #125679]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=125679>
2618 The parser could sometimes crash if a bareword came after C<evalbytes>.
2619 L<[perl #129196]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129196>
2623 Autoloading via a method call would warn erroneously ("Use of inherited
2624 AUTOLOAD for non-method") if there was a stub present in the package into
2625 which the invocant had been blessed. The warning is no longer emitted in
2627 L<[perl #47047]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=47047>
2631 The use of C<splice> on arrays with nonexistent elements could cause other
2633 L<[perl #129164]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129164>
2637 Fixed case where C<re_untuit_start> will overshoot the length of a utf8
2639 L<[perl #129012]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129012>
2643 Handle C<CXt_SUBST> better in C<Perl_deb_stack_all>, previously it wasn't
2644 checking that the I<current> C<cx> is the right type, and instead was always
2645 checking the base C<cx> (effectively a noop).
2646 L<[perl #129029]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129029>
2650 Fixed two possible use-after-free bugs in C<Perl_yylex>. C<Perl_yylex>
2651 maintains up to two pointers into the parser buffer, one of which can
2652 become stale under the right conditions.
2653 L<[perl #129069]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129069>
2657 Fixed a crash with C<s///l> where it thought it was dealing with UTF-8
2659 L<[perl #129038]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129038>
2663 Fixed place where regex was not setting the syntax error correctly.
2664 L<[perl #129122]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129122>
2668 The C<&.> operator (and the C<"&"> operator, when it treats its arguments as
2669 strings) were failing to append a trailing null byte if at least one string
2670 was marked as utf8 internally. Many code paths (system calls, regexp
2671 compilation) still expect there to be a null byte in the string buffer
2672 just past the end of the logical string. An assertion failure was the
2674 L<[perl #129287]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129287>
2678 Check C<pack_sockaddr_un()>'s return value because C<pack_sockaddr_un()>
2679 silently truncates the supplied path if it won't fit into the C<sun_path>
2680 member of C<sockaddr_un>. This may change in the future, but for now
2681 check the path in theC<sockaddr> matches the desired path, and skip if
2683 L<[perl #128095]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128095>
2687 Make sure C<PL_oldoldbufptr> is preserved in C<scan_heredoc()>. In some
2688 cases this is used in building error messages.
2689 L<[perl #128988]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128988>
2693 Fix segfault when run with C<-DC> options on DEBUGGING builds.
2694 L<[perl #129106]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129106>
2698 Fixed the parser error handling for an 'C<:attr(foo>' that does not have
2703 Fix C<Perl_delimcpy()> to handle a backslash as last char, this
2704 actually fixed two bugs,
2705 L<[perl #129064]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129064> and
2706 L<[perl #129176]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129176>.
2710 L<[perl #129267]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129267> rework C<gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags> separator parsing to
2711 prevent possible string overrun with invalid len in F<gv.c>
2715 Problems with in-place array sorts: code like C<@a = sort { ... } @a>,
2716 where the source and destination of the sort are the same plain array, are
2717 optimised to do less copying around. Two side-effects of this optimisation
2718 were that the contents of C<@a> as visible to to sort routine were
2719 partially sorted, and under some circumstances accessing C<@a> during the
2720 sort could crash the interpreter. Both these issues have been fixed, and
2721 Sort functions see the original value of C<@a>.
2725 Non-ASCII string delimiters are now reported correctly in error messages
2726 for unterminated strings.
2727 L<[perl #128701]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128701>
2731 C<pack("p", ...)> used to emit its warning ("Attempt to pack pointer to
2732 temporary value") erroneously in some cases, but has been fixed.
2736 C<@DB::args> is now exempt from "used once" warnings. The warnings only
2737 occurred under B<-w>, because F<warnings.pm> itself uses C<@DB::args>
2742 The use of built-in arrays or hash slices in a double-quoted string no
2743 longer issues a warning ("Possible unintended interpolation...") if the
2744 variable has not been mentioned before. This affected code like
2745 C<qq|@DB::args|> and C<qq|@SIG{'CHLD', 'HUP'}|>. (The special variables
2746 C<@-> and C<@+> were already exempt from the warning.)
2750 C<gethostent> and similar functions now perform a null check internally, to
2751 avoid crashing with torsocks. This was a regression from v5.22. [perl
2756 C<defined *{'!'}>, C<defined *{'['}>, and C<defined *{'-'}> no longer leak
2757 memory if the typeglob in question has never been accessed before.
2761 Mentioning the same constant twice in a row (which is a syntax error) no
2762 longer fails an assertion under debugging builds. This was a regression
2764 L<[perl #126482]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126482>
2768 Many issues relating to C<printf "%a"> of hexadecimal floating point
2769 were fixed. In addition, the "subnormals" (formerly known as "denormals")
2770 floating point numbers are now supported both with the plain IEEE 754
2771 floating point numbers (64-bit or 128-bit) and the x86 80-bit
2772 "extended precision". Note that subnormal hexadecimal floating
2773 point literals will give a warning about "exponent underflow".
2774 [perl #128843, #128889, #128890, #128893, #128909, #128919]
2778 A regression in v5.24 with C<tr/\N{U+...}/foo/> when the code point was between
2779 128 and 255 has been fixed.
2780 L<[perl #128734]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128734>.
2784 Use of a string delimiter whose code point is above 2**31 now works
2785 correctly on platforms that allow this. Previously, certain characters,
2786 due to truncation, would be confused with other delimiter characters
2787 with special meaning (such as C<"?"> in C<m?...?>), resulting
2788 in inconsistent behaviour. Note that this is non-portable,
2789 and is based on Perl's extension to UTF-8, and is probably not
2790 displayable nor enterable by any editor.
2791 L<[perl #128738]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128738>
2795 C<@{x> followed by a newline where C<"x"> represents a control or non-ASCII
2796 character no longer produces a garbled syntax error message or a crash.
2797 L<[perl #128951]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128951>
2801 An assertion failure with C<%: = 0> has been fixed.
2802 L<[perl #128238]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128238>
2806 In Perl 5.18, the parsing of C<"$foo::$bar"> was accidentally changed, such
2807 that it would be treated as C<$foo."::".$bar>. The previous behavior, which
2808 was to parse it as C<$foo:: . $bar>, has been restored.
2809 L<[perl #128478]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128478>
2813 Since Perl 5.20, line numbers have been off by one when perl is invoked with
2814 the B<-x> switch. This has been fixed.
2815 L<[perl #128508]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128508>
2819 Vivifying a subroutine stub in a deleted stash (I<e.g.>, C<delete $My::{"Foo::"};
2820 \&My::Foo::foo>) no longer crashes. It had begun crashing in Perl 5.18.
2821 L<[perl #128532]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128532>
2825 Some obscure cases of subroutines and file handles being freed at the same time
2826 could result in crashes, but have been fixed. The crash was introduced in Perl
2828 L<[perl #128597]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128597>
2832 Code that looks for a variable name associated with an uninitialized value
2833 could cause an assertion failure in cases where magic is involved, such as
2834 C<$ISA[0][0]>. This has now been fixed.
2835 L<[perl #128253]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128253>
2839 A crash caused by code generating the warning "Subroutine STASH::NAME
2840 redefined" in cases such as C<sub P::f{} undef *P::; *P::f =sub{};> has been
2841 fixed. In these cases, where the STASH is missing, the warning will now appear
2842 as "Subroutine NAME redefined".
2843 L<[perl #128257]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128257>
2847 Fixed an assertion triggered by some code that handles deprecated behavior in
2848 formats, I<e.g.>, in cases like this:
2854 L<[perl #128255]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128255>
2858 A possible divide by zero in string transformation code on Windows has been
2859 avoided, fixing a crash when collating an empty string.
2860 L<[perl #128618]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128618>
2864 Some regular expression parsing glitches could lead to assertion failures with
2865 regular expressions such as C</(?E<lt>=/> and C</(?E<lt>!/>. This has now been fixed.
2866 L<[perl #128170]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128170>
2870 C< until ($x = 1) { ... } > and C< ... until $x = 1 > now properly
2871 warn when syntax warnings are enabled.
2872 L<[perl #127333]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127333>
2876 socket() now leaves the error code returned by the system in C<$!> on
2878 L<[perl #128316]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128316>
2882 Assignment variants of any bitwise ops under the C<bitwise> feature would
2883 crash if the left-hand side was an array or hash.
2884 L<[perl #128204]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128204>
2888 C<require> followed by a single colon (as in C<foo() ? require : ...> is
2889 now parsed correctly as C<require> with implicit C<$_>, rather than
2891 L<[perl #128307]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128307>
2895 Scalar C<keys %hash> can now be assigned to consistently in all scalar
2896 lvalue contexts. Previously it worked for some contexts but not others.
2900 List assignment to C<vec> or C<substr> with an array or hash for its first
2901 argument used to result in crashes or "Can't coerce" error messages at run
2902 time, unlike scalar assignment, which would give an error at compile time.
2903 List assignment now gives a compile-time error, too.
2904 L<[perl #128260]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128260>
2908 Expressions containing an C<&&> or C<||> operator (or their synonyms C<and>
2909 and C<or>) were being compiled incorrectly in some cases. If the left-hand
2910 side consisted of either a negated bareword constant or a negated C<do {}>
2911 block containing a constant expression, and the right-hand side consisted of
2912 a negated non-foldable expression, one of the negations was effectively
2913 ignored. The same was true of C<if> and C<unless> statement modifiers,
2914 though with the left-hand and right-hand sides swapped. This long-standing
2915 bug has now been fixed.
2916 L<[perl #127952]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127952>
2920 C<reset> with an argument no longer crashes when encountering stash entries
2922 L<[perl #128106]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128106>
2926 Assignment of hashes to, and deletion of, typeglobs named C<*::::::> no
2927 longer causes crashes.
2928 L<[perl #128086]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128086>
2932 Handle C<SvIMMORTALs> in LHS of list assign.
2933 L<[perl #129991]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129991>
2937 Assertion failure with user-defined Unicode-like properties.
2938 L<[perl #130010]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130010>
2942 Fix error message for unclosed C<\N{> in regcomp.
2944 An unclosed C<\N{> could give the wrong error message
2945 C<"\N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer">.
2949 List assignment in list context where the LHS contained aggregates and
2950 where there were not enough RHS elements, used to skip scalar lvalues.
2951 Previously, C<(($a,$b,@c,$d) = (1))> in list context returned C<($a)>; now
2952 it returns C<($a,$b,$d)>. C<(($a,$b,$c) = (1))> is unchanged: it still
2953 returns C<($a,$b,$c)>. This can be seen in the following:
2955 sub inc { $_++ for @_ }
2956 inc(($a,$b,@c,$d) = (10))
2958 Formerly, the values of C<($a,$b,$d)> would be left as C<(11,undef,undef)>;
2959 now they are C<(11,1,1)>.
2963 Code like this: C</(?{ s!!! })/> can trigger infinite recursion on the C
2964 stack (not the normal perl stack) when the last successful pattern in
2965 scope is itself. We avoid the segfault by simply forbidding the use of
2966 the empty pattern when it would resolve to the currently executing
2968 L<[perl #129903]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129903>
2972 Avoid reading beyond the end of the line buffer when there's a
2973 short UTF-8 character at the end.
2974 L<[perl #128997]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128997>
2978 Fix firstchar bitmap under utf8 with prefix optimisation.
2979 L<[perl #129950]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129950>
2983 Make F<Carp/t/arg_string.t>: be liberal in C<f>/C<p> formats.
2984 L<[perl #129954]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129954>
2988 Make C<do "a\0b"> fail silently instead of throwing an error.
2989 L<[perl #129928]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129928>
2993 Make C<chdir> allocate the stack it needs.
2994 L<[perl #129130]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129130>
2998 C<do> errors now refer to C<do> (not C<require>).
3002 Executing C<undef $x> where C<$x> is tied or magical no longer incorrectly
3003 blames the variable for an uninitialized-value warning encountered by the
3008 Code like C<$x = $x . "a"> was incorrectly failing to yield a
3009 L<use of uninitialized value|perldiag/"Use of uninitialized value%s">
3010 warning when C<$x> was a lexical variable with an undefined value. That has
3012 L<[perl #127877]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127877>
3016 C<undef *_; shift> or C<undef *_; pop> inside a subroutine, with no
3017 argument to C<shift> or C<pop>, began crashing in Perl 5.14, but has now
3022 C<< "string$scalar-E<gt>$*" >> now correctly prefers concat overloading to
3023 string overloading if C<< $scalar-E<gt>$* >> returns an overloaded object,
3024 bringing it into consistency with C<$$scalar>.
3028 C<< /@0{0*-E<gt>@*/*0 >> and similar contortions used to crash, but no longer
3029 do, but merely produce a syntax error.
3030 L<[perl #128171]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128171>
3034 C<do> or C<require> with a reference or typeglob which, when stringified,
3035 contains a null character started crashing in Perl 5.20, but has now been
3037 L<[perl #128182]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128182>
3041 Improve error for missing C<tie()> package/method. This brings the error messages
3042 in line with the ones used for normal method calls, despite not using
3047 =head1 Known Problems
3053 Some modules have been broken by the L<context stack rework|/Internal Changes>.
3054 These modules were relying on non-guaranteed implementation details in
3055 the perl interpreter.
3056 Their maintainers have been informed, and should contact perl5-porters for
3057 advice if needed. Below is a subset of these modules:
3061 =item * L<Algorithm::Permute>
3065 L<Coro> and Perl 5.22 were already incompatible due to a change in the perl
3067 and the reworking on the perl context stack creates a further incompatibility.
3068 perl5-porters has L<discussed the issue on the mailing
3069 list|http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2016/05/msg236174.html>.
3071 =item * L<Data::Alias>
3075 =item * L<Scope::Upper>
3083 The module L<lexical::underscore> no longer works on Perl 5.24, because perl
3084 no longer has a lexical C<$_>!
3088 C<mod_perl> has been patched for compatibility for v5.22 and later but no
3089 release has been made. The relevant patch (and other changes) can be found in
3090 their source code repository, L<mirrored at
3091 GitHub|https://github.com/apache/mod_perl/commit/82827132efd3c2e25cc413c85af61bb63375da6e>.
3095 =head1 Errata From Previous Releases
3101 Parsing bad POSIX charclasses no longer leaks memory.
3102 L<[perl #128313]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128313>
3106 Fixed issues with recursive regexes. The behavior was fixed in Perl 5.24.
3107 L<[perl #126182]|https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126182>
3113 Jon Portnoy (AVENJ), a prolific Perl author and admired Gentoo community
3114 member, has passed away on August 10, 2016. He will be remembered and
3115 missed by all those who he came in contact with, and enriched with his
3116 intellect, wit, and spirit.
3118 It is with great sadness that we also note Kip Hampton's passing. Probably
3119 best known as the author of the Perl & XML column on XML.com, he was a
3120 core contributor to AxKit, an XML server platform that became an Apache
3121 Foundation project. He was a frequent speaker in the early days at
3122 OSCON, and most recently at YAPC::NA in Madison. He was frequently on
3123 irc.perl.org as `ubu`, generally in the #axkit-dahut community, the
3124 group responsible for YAPC::NA Asheville in 2011.
3126 Kip and his constant contributions to the community will be greatly
3129 =head1 Acknowledgements
3131 Perl 5.26.0 represents approximately 12 months of development since Perl 5.24.0
3132 and contains approximately 370,000 lines of changes across 2,600 files from 86
3135 Excluding auto-generated files, documentation and release tools, there were
3136 approximately 230,000 lines of changes to 1,800 .pm, .t, .c and .h files.
3138 Perl continues to flourish into its third decade thanks to a vibrant community
3139 of users and developers. The following people are known to have contributed the
3140 improvements that became Perl 5.26.0:
3142 Aaron Crane, Abigail, Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Alex Vandiver, Andreas
3143 König, Andreas Voegele, Andrew Fresh, Andy Lester, Aristotle Pagaltzis, Chad
3144 Granum, Chase Whitener, Chris 'BinGOs' Williams, Chris Lamb, Christian Hansen,
3145 Christian Millour, Colin Newell, Craig A. Berry, Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker, Dan
3146 Collins, Daniel Dragan, Dave Cross, Dave Rolsky, David Golden, David H.
3147 Gutteridge, David Mitchell, Dominic Hargreaves, Doug Bell, E. Choroba, Ed Avis,
3148 Father Chrysostomos, François Perrad, Hauke D, H.Merijn Brand, Hugo van der
3149 Sanden, Ivan Pozdeev, James E Keenan, James Raspass, Jarkko Hietaniemi, Jerry
3150 D. Hedden, Jim Cromie, J. Nick Koston, John Lightsey, Karen Etheridge, Karl
3151 Williamson, Leon Timmermans, Lukas Mai, Matthew Horsfall, Maxwell Carey, Misty
3152 De Meo, Neil Bowers, Nicholas Clark, Nicolas R., Niko Tyni, Pali, Paul
3153 Marquess, Peter Avalos, Petr Písař, Pino Toscano, Rafael Garcia-Suarez, Reini
3154 Urban, Renee Baecker, Ricardo Signes, Richard Levitte, Rick Delaney, Salvador
3155 Fandiño, Samuel Thibault, Sawyer X, Sébastien Aperghis-Tramoni, Sergey
3156 Aleynikov, Shlomi Fish, Smylers, Stefan Seifert, Steffen Müller, Stevan
3157 Little, Steve Hay, Steven Humphrey, Sullivan Beck, Theo Buehler, Thomas Sibley,
3158 Todd Rinaldo, Tomasz Konojacki, Tony Cook, Unicode Consortium, Yaroslav Kuzmin,
3161 The list above is almost certainly incomplete as it is automatically generated
3162 from version control history. In particular, it does not include the names of
3163 the (very much appreciated) contributors who reported issues to the Perl bug
3166 Many of the changes included in this version originated in the CPAN modules
3167 included in Perl's core. We're grateful to the entire CPAN community for
3168 helping Perl to flourish.
3170 For a more complete list of all of Perl's historical contributors, please see
3171 the F<AUTHORS> file in the Perl source distribution.
3173 =head1 Reporting Bugs
3175 If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles recently
3176 posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl bug database at
3177 L<https://rt.perl.org/> . There may also be information at
3178 L<http://www.perl.org/> , the Perl Home Page.
3180 If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the L<perlbug> program
3181 included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but
3182 sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of C<perl -V>,
3183 will be sent off to C<perlbug@perl.org> to be analysed by the Perl porting team.
3185 If the bug you are reporting has security implications which make it
3186 inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then see
3187 L<perlsec/SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION>
3188 for details of how to report the issue.
3192 The F<Changes> file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details on
3195 The F<INSTALL> file for how to build Perl.
3197 The F<README> file for general stuff.
3199 The F<Artistic> and F<Copying> files for copyright information.