3 perlreapi - Perl regular expression plugin interface
7 As of Perl 5.9.5 there is a new interface for plugging and using
8 regular expression engines other than the default one.
10 Each engine is supposed to provide access to a constant structure of the
13 typedef struct regexp_engine {
14 REGEXP* (*comp) (pTHX_
15 const SV * const pattern, const U32 flags);
19 char* strend, char* strbeg,
20 I32 minend, SV* screamer,
21 void* data, U32 flags);
22 char* (*intuit) (pTHX_
23 REGEXP * const rx, SV *sv,
24 char *strpos, char *strend, U32 flags,
25 struct re_scream_pos_data_s *data);
26 SV* (*checkstr) (pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx);
27 void (*free) (pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx);
28 void (*numbered_buff_FETCH) (pTHX_
32 void (*numbered_buff_STORE) (pTHX_
35 SV const * const value);
36 I32 (*numbered_buff_LENGTH) (pTHX_
40 SV* (*named_buff) (pTHX_
45 SV* (*named_buff_iter) (pTHX_
47 const SV * const lastkey,
49 SV* (*qr_package)(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx);
51 void* (*dupe) (pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, CLONE_PARAMS *param);
53 REGEXP* (*op_comp) (...);
56 When a regexp is compiled, its C<engine> field is then set to point at
57 the appropriate structure, so that when it needs to be used Perl can find
58 the right routines to do so.
60 In order to install a new regexp handler, C<$^H{regcomp}> is set
61 to an integer which (when casted appropriately) resolves to one of these
62 structures. When compiling, the C<comp> method is executed, and the
63 resulting C<regexp> structure's engine field is expected to point back at
66 The pTHX_ symbol in the definition is a macro used by Perl under threading
67 to provide an extra argument to the routine holding a pointer back to
68 the interpreter that is executing the regexp. So under threading all
69 routines get an extra argument.
75 REGEXP* comp(pTHX_ const SV * const pattern, const U32 flags);
77 Compile the pattern stored in C<pattern> using the given C<flags> and
78 return a pointer to a prepared C<REGEXP> structure that can perform
79 the match. See L</The REGEXP structure> below for an explanation of
80 the individual fields in the REGEXP struct.
82 The C<pattern> parameter is the scalar that was used as the
83 pattern. Previous versions of Perl would pass two C<char*> indicating
84 the start and end of the stringified pattern; the following snippet can
85 be used to get the old parameters:
88 char* exp = SvPV(pattern, plen);
89 char* xend = exp + plen;
91 Since any scalar can be passed as a pattern, it's possible to implement
92 an engine that does something with an array (C<< "ook" =~ [ qw/ eek
93 hlagh / ] >>) or with the non-stringified form of a compiled regular
94 expression (C<< "ook" =~ qr/eek/ >>). Perl's own engine will always
95 stringify everything using the snippet above, but that doesn't mean
96 other engines have to.
98 The C<flags> parameter is a bitfield which indicates which of the
99 C<msixp> flags the regex was compiled with. It also contains
100 additional info, such as if C<use locale> is in effect.
102 The C<eogc> flags are stripped out before being passed to the comp
103 routine. The regex engine does not need to know if any of these
104 are set, as those flags should only affect what Perl does with the
105 pattern and its match variables, not how it gets compiled and
108 By the time the comp callback is called, some of these flags have
109 already had effect (noted below where applicable). However most of
110 their effect occurs after the comp callback has run, in routines that
111 read the C<< rx->extflags >> field which it populates.
113 In general the flags should be preserved in C<< rx->extflags >> after
114 compilation, although the regex engine might want to add or delete
115 some of them to invoke or disable some special behavior in Perl. The
116 flags along with any special behavior they cause are documented below:
118 The pattern modifiers:
122 =item C</m> - RXf_PMf_MULTILINE
124 If this is in C<< rx->extflags >> it will be passed to
125 C<Perl_fbm_instr> by C<pp_split> which will treat the subject string
126 as a multi-line string.
128 =item C</s> - RXf_PMf_SINGLELINE
130 =item C</i> - RXf_PMf_FOLD
132 =item C</x> - RXf_PMf_EXTENDED
134 If present on a regex, C<"#"> comments will be handled differently by the
135 tokenizer in some cases.
137 TODO: Document those cases.
139 =item C</p> - RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY
145 The character set semantics are determined by an enum that is contained
146 in this field. This is still experimental and subject to change, but
147 the current interface returns the rules by use of the in-line function
148 C<get_regex_charset(const U32 flags)>. The only currently documented
149 value returned from it is REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET, which is set if
150 C<use locale> is in effect. If present in C<< rx->extflags >>,
151 C<split> will use the locale dependent definition of whitespace
152 when RXf_SKIPWHITE or RXf_WHITE is in effect. ASCII whitespace
153 is defined as per L<isSPACE|perlapi/isSPACE>, and by the internal
154 macros C<is_utf8_space> under UTF-8, and C<isSPACE_LC> under C<use
165 This flag was removed in perl 5.18.0. C<split ' '> is now special-cased
166 solely in the parser. RXf_SPLIT is still #defined, so you can test for it.
167 This is how it used to work:
169 If C<split> is invoked as C<split ' '> or with no arguments (which
170 really means C<split(' ', $_)>, see L<split|perlfunc/split>), Perl will
171 set this flag. The regex engine can then check for it and set the
172 SKIPWHITE and WHITE extflags. To do this, the Perl engine does:
174 if (flags & RXf_SPLIT && r->prelen == 1 && r->precomp[0] == ' ')
175 r->extflags |= (RXf_SKIPWHITE|RXf_WHITE);
179 These flags can be set during compilation to enable optimizations in
180 the C<split> operator.
186 If the flag is present in C<< rx->extflags >> C<split> will delete
187 whitespace from the start of the subject string before it's operated
188 on. What is considered whitespace depends on if the subject is a
189 UTF-8 string and if the C<RXf_PMf_LOCALE> flag is set.
191 If RXf_WHITE is set in addition to this flag, C<split> will behave like
192 C<split " "> under the Perl engine.
196 Tells the split operator to split the target string on newlines
197 (C<\n>) without invoking the regex engine.
199 Perl's engine sets this if the pattern is C</^/> (C<plen == 1 && *exp
200 == '^'>), even under C</^/s>; see L<split|perlfunc>. Of course a
201 different regex engine might want to use the same optimizations
202 with a different syntax.
206 Tells the split operator to split the target string on whitespace
207 without invoking the regex engine. The definition of whitespace varies
208 depending on if the target string is a UTF-8 string and on
209 if RXf_PMf_LOCALE is set.
211 Perl's engine sets this flag if the pattern is C<\s+>.
215 Tells the split operator to split the target string on
216 characters. The definition of character varies depending on if
217 the target string is a UTF-8 string.
219 Perl's engine sets this flag on empty patterns, this optimization
220 makes C<split //> much faster than it would otherwise be. It's even
221 faster than C<unpack>.
227 I32 exec(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx,
228 char *stringarg, char* strend, char* strbeg,
229 I32 minend, SV* screamer,
230 void* data, U32 flags);
232 Execute a regexp. The arguments are
238 The regular expression to execute.
242 This strangely-named arg is the SV to be matched against. Note that the
243 actual char array to be matched against is supplied by the arguments
244 described below; the SV is just used to determine UTF8ness, C<pos()> etc.
248 Pointer to the physical start of the string.
252 Pointer to the character following the physical end of the string (i.e.
257 Pointer to the position in the string where matching should start; it might
258 not be equal to C<strbeg> (for example in a later iteration of C</.../g>).
262 Minimum length of string (measured in bytes from C<stringarg>) that must
263 match; if the engine reaches the end of the match but hasn't reached this
264 position in the string, it should fail.
268 Optimisation data; subject to change.
272 Optimisation flags; subject to change.
278 char* intuit(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx,
279 SV *sv, char *strpos, char *strend,
280 const U32 flags, struct re_scream_pos_data_s *data);
282 Find the start position where a regex match should be attempted,
283 or possibly if the regex engine should not be run because the
284 pattern can't match. This is called, as appropriate, by the core,
285 depending on the values of the C<extflags> member of the C<regexp>
290 SV* checkstr(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx);
292 Return a SV containing a string that must appear in the pattern. Used
293 by C<split> for optimising matches.
297 void free(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx);
299 Called by Perl when it is freeing a regexp pattern so that the engine
300 can release any resources pointed to by the C<pprivate> member of the
301 C<regexp> structure. This is only responsible for freeing private data;
302 Perl will handle releasing anything else contained in the C<regexp> structure.
304 =head2 Numbered capture callbacks
306 Called to get/set the value of C<$`>, C<$'>, C<$&> and their named
307 equivalents, ${^PREMATCH}, ${^POSTMATCH} and $^{MATCH}, as well as the
308 numbered capture groups (C<$1>, C<$2>, ...).
310 The C<paren> parameter will be C<1> for C<$1>, C<2> for C<$2> and so
311 forth, and have these symbolic values for the special variables:
313 ${^PREMATCH} RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH
314 ${^POSTMATCH} RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH
315 ${^MATCH} RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH
316 $` RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH
317 $' RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH
318 $& RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH
320 Note that in Perl 5.17.3 and earlier, the last three constants were also
321 used for the caret variants of the variables.
324 The names have been chosen by analogy with L<Tie::Scalar> methods
325 names with an additional B<LENGTH> callback for efficiency. However
326 named capture variables are currently not tied internally but
327 implemented via magic.
329 =head3 numbered_buff_FETCH
331 void numbered_buff_FETCH(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const I32 paren,
334 Fetch a specified numbered capture. C<sv> should be set to the scalar
335 to return, the scalar is passed as an argument rather than being
336 returned from the function because when it's called Perl already has a
337 scalar to store the value, creating another one would be
338 redundant. The scalar can be set with C<sv_setsv>, C<sv_setpvn> and
339 friends, see L<perlapi>.
341 This callback is where Perl untaints its own capture variables under
342 taint mode (see L<perlsec>). See the C<Perl_reg_numbered_buff_fetch>
343 function in F<regcomp.c> for how to untaint capture variables if
344 that's something you'd like your engine to do as well.
346 =head3 numbered_buff_STORE
348 void (*numbered_buff_STORE) (pTHX_
351 SV const * const value);
353 Set the value of a numbered capture variable. C<value> is the scalar
354 that is to be used as the new value. It's up to the engine to make
355 sure this is used as the new value (or reject it).
359 if ("ook" =~ /(o*)/) {
360 # 'paren' will be '1' and 'value' will be 'ee'
364 Perl's own engine will croak on any attempt to modify the capture
365 variables, to do this in another engine use the following callback
366 (copied from C<Perl_reg_numbered_buff_store>):
369 Example_reg_numbered_buff_store(pTHX_
372 SV const * const value)
375 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(paren);
376 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(value);
379 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
382 Actually Perl will not I<always> croak in a statement that looks
383 like it would modify a numbered capture variable. This is because the
384 STORE callback will not be called if Perl can determine that it
385 doesn't have to modify the value. This is exactly how tied variables
386 behave in the same situation:
389 use base 'Tie::Scalar';
391 sub TIESCALAR { bless [] }
393 sub STORE { die "This doesn't get called" }
397 tie my $sv => "CaptureVar";
400 Because C<$sv> is C<undef> when the C<y///> operator is applied to it,
401 the transliteration won't actually execute and the program won't
402 C<die>. This is different to how 5.8 and earlier versions behaved
403 since the capture variables were READONLY variables then; now they'll
404 just die when assigned to in the default engine.
406 =head3 numbered_buff_LENGTH
408 I32 numbered_buff_LENGTH (pTHX_
413 Get the C<length> of a capture variable. There's a special callback
414 for this so that Perl doesn't have to do a FETCH and run C<length> on
415 the result, since the length is (in Perl's case) known from an offset
416 stored in C<< rx->offs >>, this is much more efficient:
418 I32 s1 = rx->offs[paren].start;
419 I32 s2 = rx->offs[paren].end;
422 This is a little bit more complex in the case of UTF-8, see what
423 C<Perl_reg_numbered_buff_length> does with
424 L<is_utf8_string_loclen|perlapi/is_utf8_string_loclen>.
426 =head2 Named capture callbacks
428 Called to get/set the value of C<%+> and C<%->, as well as by some
429 utility functions in L<re>.
431 There are two callbacks, C<named_buff> is called in all the cases the
432 FETCH, STORE, DELETE, CLEAR, EXISTS and SCALAR L<Tie::Hash> callbacks
433 would be on changes to C<%+> and C<%-> and C<named_buff_iter> in the
434 same cases as FIRSTKEY and NEXTKEY.
436 The C<flags> parameter can be used to determine which of these
437 operations the callbacks should respond to. The following flags are
440 Which L<Tie::Hash> operation is being performed from the Perl level on
441 C<%+> or C<%+>, if any:
452 If C<%+> or C<%-> is being operated on, if any.
457 If this is being called as C<re::regname>, C<re::regnames> or
458 C<re::regnames_count>, if any. The first two will be combined with
459 C<RXapif_ONE> or C<RXapif_ALL>.
463 RXapif_REGNAMES_COUNT
465 Internally C<%+> and C<%-> are implemented with a real tied interface
466 via L<Tie::Hash::NamedCapture>. The methods in that package will call
467 back into these functions. However the usage of
468 L<Tie::Hash::NamedCapture> for this purpose might change in future
469 releases. For instance this might be implemented by magic instead
470 (would need an extension to mgvtbl).
474 SV* (*named_buff) (pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, SV * const key,
475 SV * const value, U32 flags);
477 =head3 named_buff_iter
479 SV* (*named_buff_iter) (pTHX_
481 const SV * const lastkey,
486 SV* qr_package(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx);
488 The package the qr// magic object is blessed into (as seen by C<ref
489 qr//>). It is recommended that engines change this to their package
490 name for identification regardless of if they implement methods
493 The package this method returns should also have the internal
494 C<Regexp> package in its C<@ISA>. C<< qr//->isa("Regexp") >> should always
495 be true regardless of what engine is being used.
497 Example implementation might be:
500 Example_qr_package(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx)
503 return newSVpvs("re::engine::Example");
506 Any method calls on an object created with C<qr//> will be dispatched to the
507 package as a normal object.
509 use re::engine::Example;
511 $re->meth; # dispatched to re::engine::Example::meth()
513 To retrieve the C<REGEXP> object from the scalar in an XS function use
514 the C<SvRX> macro, see L<"REGEXP Functions" in perlapi|perlapi/REGEXP
519 REGEXP * re = SvRX(sv);
523 void* dupe(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, CLONE_PARAMS *param);
525 On threaded builds a regexp may need to be duplicated so that the pattern
526 can be used by multiple threads. This routine is expected to handle the
527 duplication of any private data pointed to by the C<pprivate> member of
528 the C<regexp> structure. It will be called with the preconstructed new
529 C<regexp> structure as an argument, the C<pprivate> member will point at
530 the B<old> private structure, and it is this routine's responsibility to
531 construct a copy and return a pointer to it (which Perl will then use to
532 overwrite the field as passed to this routine.)
534 This allows the engine to dupe its private data but also if necessary
535 modify the final structure if it really must.
537 On unthreaded builds this field doesn't exist.
541 This is private to the Perl core and subject to change. Should be left
544 =head1 The REGEXP structure
546 The REGEXP struct is defined in F<regexp.h>. All regex engines must be able to
547 correctly build such a structure in their L</comp> routine.
549 The REGEXP structure contains all the data that Perl needs to be aware of
550 to properly work with the regular expression. It includes data about
551 optimisations that Perl can use to determine if the regex engine should
552 really be used, and various other control info that is needed to properly
553 execute patterns in various contexts, such as if the pattern anchored in
554 some way, or what flags were used during the compile, or if the
555 program contains special constructs that Perl needs to be aware of.
557 In addition it contains two fields that are intended for the private
558 use of the regex engine that compiled the pattern. These are the
559 C<intflags> and C<pprivate> members. C<pprivate> is a void pointer to
560 an arbitrary structure, whose use and management is the responsibility
561 of the compiling engine. Perl will never modify either of these
564 typedef struct regexp {
565 /* what engine created this regexp? */
566 const struct regexp_engine* engine;
568 /* what re is this a lightweight copy of? */
569 struct regexp* mother_re;
571 /* Information about the match that the Perl core uses to manage
573 U32 extflags; /* Flags used both externally and internally */
574 I32 minlen; /* mininum possible number of chars in */
576 I32 minlenret; /* mininum possible number of chars in $& */
577 U32 gofs; /* chars left of pos that we search from */
579 /* substring data about strings that must appear
580 in the final match, used for optimisations */
581 struct reg_substr_data *substrs;
583 U32 nparens; /* number of capture groups */
585 /* private engine specific data */
586 U32 intflags; /* Engine Specific Internal flags */
587 void *pprivate; /* Data private to the regex engine which
588 created this object. */
590 /* Data about the last/current match. These are modified during
592 U32 lastparen; /* highest close paren matched ($+) */
593 U32 lastcloseparen; /* last close paren matched ($^N) */
594 regexp_paren_pair *swap; /* Swap copy of *offs */
595 regexp_paren_pair *offs; /* Array of offsets for (@-) and
598 char *subbeg; /* saved or original string so \digit works
600 SV_SAVED_COPY /* If non-NULL, SV which is COW from original */
601 I32 sublen; /* Length of string pointed by subbeg */
602 I32 suboffset; /* byte offset of subbeg from logical start of
604 I32 subcoffset; /* suboffset equiv, but in chars (for @-/@+) */
606 /* Information about the match that isn't often used */
607 I32 prelen; /* length of precomp */
608 const char *precomp; /* pre-compilation regular expression */
610 char *wrapped; /* wrapped version of the pattern */
611 I32 wraplen; /* length of wrapped */
613 I32 seen_evals; /* number of eval groups in the pattern - for
615 HV *paren_names; /* Optional hash of paren names */
617 /* Refcount of this regexp */
618 I32 refcnt; /* Refcount of this regexp */
621 The fields are discussed in more detail below:
625 This field points at a C<regexp_engine> structure which contains pointers
626 to the subroutines that are to be used for performing a match. It
627 is the compiling routine's responsibility to populate this field before
628 returning the regexp object.
630 Internally this is set to C<NULL> unless a custom engine is specified in
631 C<$^H{regcomp}>, Perl's own set of callbacks can be accessed in the struct
632 pointed to by C<RE_ENGINE_PTR>.
636 TODO, see L<http://www.mail-archive.com/perl5-changes@perl.org/msg17328.html>
640 This will be used by Perl to see what flags the regexp was compiled
641 with, this will normally be set to the value of the flags parameter by
642 the L<comp|/comp> callback. See the L<comp|/comp> documentation for
645 =head2 C<minlen> C<minlenret>
647 The minimum string length (in characters) required for the pattern to match.
649 prune the search space by not bothering to match any closer to the end of a
650 string than would allow a match. For instance there is no point in even
651 starting the regex engine if the minlen is 10 but the string is only 5
652 characters long. There is no way that the pattern can match.
654 C<minlenret> is the minimum length (in characters) of the string that would
655 be found in $& after a match.
657 The difference between C<minlen> and C<minlenret> can be seen in the
662 where the C<minlen> would be 3 but C<minlenret> would only be 2 as the \d is
663 required to match but is not actually included in the matched content. This
664 distinction is particularly important as the substitution logic uses the
665 C<minlenret> to tell if it can do in-place substitutions (these can
666 result in considerable speed-up).
670 Left offset from pos() to start match at.
674 Substring data about strings that must appear in the final match. This
675 is currently only used internally by Perl's engine, but might be
676 used in the future for all engines for optimisations.
678 =head2 C<nparens>, C<lastparen>, and C<lastcloseparen>
680 These fields are used to keep track of how many paren groups could be matched
681 in the pattern, which was the last open paren to be entered, and which was
682 the last close paren to be entered.
686 The engine's private copy of the flags the pattern was compiled with. Usually
687 this is the same as C<extflags> unless the engine chose to modify one of them.
691 A void* pointing to an engine-defined data structure. The Perl engine uses the
692 C<regexp_internal> structure (see L<perlreguts/Base Structures>) but a custom
693 engine should use something else.
697 Unused. Left in for compatibility with Perl 5.10.0.
701 A C<regexp_paren_pair> structure which defines offsets into the string being
702 matched which correspond to the C<$&> and C<$1>, C<$2> etc. captures, the
703 C<regexp_paren_pair> struct is defined as follows:
705 typedef struct regexp_paren_pair {
710 If C<< ->offs[num].start >> or C<< ->offs[num].end >> is C<-1> then that
711 capture group did not match. C<< ->offs[0].start/end >> represents C<$&> (or
712 C<${^MATCH}> under C<//p>) and C<< ->offs[paren].end >> matches C<$$paren> where
715 =head2 C<precomp> C<prelen>
717 Used for optimisations. C<precomp> holds a copy of the pattern that
718 was compiled and C<prelen> its length. When a new pattern is to be
719 compiled (such as inside a loop) the internal C<regcomp> operator
720 checks if the last compiled C<REGEXP>'s C<precomp> and C<prelen>
721 are equivalent to the new one, and if so uses the old pattern instead
722 of compiling a new one.
724 The relevant snippet from C<Perl_pp_regcomp>:
726 if (!re || !re->precomp || re->prelen != (I32)len ||
727 memNE(re->precomp, t, len))
728 /* Compile a new pattern */
730 =head2 C<paren_names>
732 This is a hash used internally to track named capture groups and their
733 offsets. The keys are the names of the buffers the values are dualvars,
734 with the IV slot holding the number of buffers with the given name and the
735 pv being an embedded array of I32. The values may also be contained
736 independently in the data array in cases where named backreferences are
741 Holds information on the longest string that must occur at a fixed
742 offset from the start of the pattern, and the longest string that must
743 occur at a floating offset from the start of the pattern. Used to do
744 Fast-Boyer-Moore searches on the string to find out if its worth using
745 the regex engine at all, and if so where in the string to search.
747 =head2 C<subbeg> C<sublen> C<saved_copy> C<suboffset> C<subcoffset>
749 Used during the execution phase for managing search and replace patterns,
750 and for providing the text for C<$&>, C<$1> etc. C<subbeg> points to a
751 buffer (either the original string, or a copy in the case of
752 C<RX_MATCH_COPIED(rx)>), and C<sublen> is the length of the buffer. The
753 C<RX_OFFS> start and end indices index into this buffer.
755 In the presence of the C<REXEC_COPY_STR> flag, but with the addition of
756 the C<REXEC_COPY_SKIP_PRE> or C<REXEC_COPY_SKIP_POST> flags, an engine
757 can choose not to copy the full buffer (although it must still do so in
758 the presence of C<RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY> or the relevant bits being set in
759 C<PL_sawampersand>). In this case, it may set C<suboffset> to indicate the
760 number of bytes from the logical start of the buffer to the physical start
761 (i.e. C<subbeg>). It should also set C<subcoffset>, the number of
762 characters in the offset. The latter is needed to support C<@-> and C<@+>
763 which work in characters, not bytes.
765 =head2 C<wrapped> C<wraplen>
767 Stores the string C<qr//> stringifies to. The Perl engine for example
768 stores C<(?^:eek)> in the case of C<qr/eek/>.
770 When using a custom engine that doesn't support the C<(?:)> construct
771 for inline modifiers, it's probably best to have C<qr//> stringify to
772 the supplied pattern, note that this will create undesired patterns in
775 my $x = qr/a|b/; # "a|b"
776 my $y = qr/c/i; # "c"
777 my $z = qr/$x$y/; # "a|bc"
779 There's no solution for this problem other than making the custom
780 engine understand a construct like C<(?:)>.
784 This stores the number of eval groups in the pattern. This is used for security
785 purposes when embedding compiled regexes into larger patterns with C<qr//>.
789 The number of times the structure is referenced. When this falls to 0, the
790 regexp is automatically freed by a call to pregfree. This should be set to 1 in
791 each engine's L</comp> routine.
795 Originally part of L<perlreguts>.
799 Originally written by Yves Orton, expanded by E<AElig>var ArnfjE<ouml>rE<eth>
804 Copyright 2006 Yves Orton and 2007 E<AElig>var ArnfjE<ouml>rE<eth> Bjarmason.
806 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
807 the same terms as Perl itself.