4 perl5db.pl - the perl debugger
8 perl -d your_Perl_script
12 C<perl5db.pl> is the perl debugger. It is loaded automatically by Perl when
13 you invoke a script with C<perl -d>. This documentation tries to outline the
14 structure and services provided by C<perl5db.pl>, and to describe how you
19 The debugger can look pretty forbidding to many Perl programmers. There are
20 a number of reasons for this, many stemming out of the debugger's history.
22 When the debugger was first written, Perl didn't have a lot of its nicer
23 features - no references, no lexical variables, no closures, no object-oriented
24 programming. So a lot of the things one would normally have done using such
25 features was done using global variables, globs and the C<local()> operator
28 Some of these have survived into the current debugger; a few of the more
29 interesting and still-useful idioms are noted in this section, along with notes
30 on the comments themselves.
32 =head2 Why not use more lexicals?
34 Experienced Perl programmers will note that the debugger code tends to use
35 mostly package globals rather than lexically-scoped variables. This is done
36 to allow a significant amount of control of the debugger from outside the
39 Unfortunately, though the variables are accessible, they're not well
40 documented, so it's generally been a decision that hasn't made a lot of
41 difference to most users. Where appropriate, comments have been added to
42 make variables more accessible and usable, with the understanding that these
43 I<are> debugger internals, and are therefore subject to change. Future
44 development should probably attempt to replace the globals with a well-defined
45 API, but for now, the variables are what we've got.
47 =head2 Automated variable stacking via C<local()>
49 As you may recall from reading C<perlfunc>, the C<local()> operator makes a
50 temporary copy of a variable in the current scope. When the scope ends, the
51 old copy is restored. This is often used in the debugger to handle the
52 automatic stacking of variables during recursive calls:
57 # Do some stuff, then ...
61 What happens is that on entry to the subroutine, C<$some_global> is localized,
62 then altered. When the subroutine returns, Perl automatically undoes the
63 localization, restoring the previous value. Voila, automatic stack management.
65 The debugger uses this trick a I<lot>. Of particular note is C<DB::eval>,
66 which lets the debugger get control inside of C<eval>'ed code. The debugger
67 localizes a saved copy of C<$@> inside the subroutine, which allows it to
68 keep C<$@> safe until it C<DB::eval> returns, at which point the previous
69 value of C<$@> is restored. This makes it simple (well, I<simpler>) to keep
70 track of C<$@> inside C<eval>s which C<eval> other C<eval's>.
72 In any case, watch for this pattern. It occurs fairly often.
76 This is used to cleverly reverse the sense of a logical test depending on
77 the value of an auxiliary variable. For instance, the debugger's C<S>
78 (search for subroutines by pattern) allows you to negate the pattern
81 # Find all non-'foo' subs:
84 Boolean algebra states that the truth table for XOR looks like this:
90 (! not present and no match) --> false, don't print
94 (! not present and matches) --> true, print
98 (! present and no match) --> true, print
102 (! present and matches) --> false, don't print
106 As you can see, the first pair applies when C<!> isn't supplied, and
107 the second pair applies when it is. The XOR simply allows us to
108 compact a more complicated if-then-elseif-else into a more elegant
109 (but perhaps overly clever) single test. After all, it needed this
112 =head2 FLAGS, FLAGS, FLAGS
114 There is a certain C programming legacy in the debugger. Some variables,
115 such as C<$single>, C<$trace>, and C<$frame>, have I<magical> values composed
116 of 1, 2, 4, etc. (powers of 2) OR'ed together. This allows several pieces
117 of state to be stored independently in a single scalar.
123 is checking to see if the appropriate bit is on. Since each bit can be
124 "addressed" independently in this way, C<$scalar> is acting sort of like
125 an array of bits. Obviously, since the contents of C<$scalar> are just a
126 bit-pattern, we can save and restore it easily (it will just look like
129 The problem, is of course, that this tends to leave magic numbers scattered
130 all over your program whenever a bit is set, cleared, or checked. So why do
137 First, doing an arithmetical or bitwise operation on a scalar is
138 just about the fastest thing you can do in Perl: C<use constant> actually
139 creates a subroutine call, and array and hash lookups are much slower. Is
140 this over-optimization at the expense of readability? Possibly, but the
141 debugger accesses these variables a I<lot>. Any rewrite of the code will
142 probably have to benchmark alternate implementations and see which is the
143 best balance of readability and speed, and then document how it actually
148 Second, it's very easy to serialize a scalar number. This is done in
149 the restart code; the debugger state variables are saved in C<%ENV> and then
150 restored when the debugger is restarted. Having them be just numbers makes
155 Third, some of these variables are being shared with the Perl core
156 smack in the middle of the interpreter's execution loop. It's much faster for
157 a C program (like the interpreter) to check a bit in a scalar than to access
158 several different variables (or a Perl array).
162 =head2 What are those C<XXX> comments for?
164 Any comment containing C<XXX> means that the comment is either somewhat
165 speculative - it's not exactly clear what a given variable or chunk of
166 code is doing, or that it is incomplete - the basics may be clear, but the
167 subtleties are not completely documented.
169 Send in a patch if you can clear up, fill out, or clarify an C<XXX>.
171 =head1 DATA STRUCTURES MAINTAINED BY CORE
173 There are a number of special data structures provided to the debugger by
174 the Perl interpreter.
176 The array C<@{$main::{'_<'.$filename}}> (aliased locally to C<@dbline> via glob
177 assignment) contains the text from C<$filename>, with each element
178 corresponding to a single line of C<$filename>.
180 The hash C<%{'_<'.$filename}> (aliased locally to C<%dbline> via glob
181 assignment) contains breakpoints and actions. The keys are line numbers;
182 you can set individual values, but not the whole hash. The Perl interpreter
183 uses this hash to determine where breakpoints have been set. Any true value is
184 considered to be a breakpoint; C<perl5db.pl> uses C<$break_condition\0$action>.
185 Values are magical in numeric context: 1 if the line is breakable, 0 if not.
187 The scalar C<${"_<$filename"}> simply contains the string C<_<$filename>.
188 This is also the case for evaluated strings that contain subroutines, or
189 which are currently being executed. The $filename for C<eval>ed strings looks
190 like C<(eval 34)> or C<(re_eval 19)>.
192 =head1 DEBUGGER STARTUP
194 When C<perl5db.pl> starts, it reads an rcfile (C<perl5db.ini> for
195 non-interactive sessions, C<.perldb> for interactive ones) that can set a number
196 of options. In addition, this file may define a subroutine C<&afterinit>
197 that will be executed (in the debugger's context) after the debugger has
200 Next, it checks the C<PERLDB_OPTS> environment variable and treats its
201 contents as the argument of a C<o> command in the debugger.
203 =head2 STARTUP-ONLY OPTIONS
205 The following options can only be specified at startup.
206 To set them in your rcfile, add a call to
207 C<&parse_options("optionName=new_value")>.
213 the TTY to use for debugging i/o.
217 if set, goes in NonStop mode. On interrupt, if TTY is not set,
218 uses the value of noTTY or F<$HOME/.perldbtty$$> to find TTY using
219 Term::Rendezvous. Current variant is to have the name of TTY in this
224 If false, a dummy ReadLine is used, so you can debug
225 ReadLine applications.
229 if true, no i/o is performed until interrupt.
233 file or pipe to print line number info to. If it is a
234 pipe, a short "emacs like" message is used.
238 host:port to connect to on remote host for remote debugging.
244 &parse_options("NonStop=1 LineInfo=db.out");
245 sub afterinit { $trace = 1; }
247 The script will run without human intervention, putting trace
248 information into C<db.out>. (If you interrupt it, you had better
249 reset C<LineInfo> to something I<interactive>!)
251 =head1 INTERNALS DESCRIPTION
253 =head2 DEBUGGER INTERFACE VARIABLES
255 Perl supplies the values for C<%sub>. It effectively inserts
256 a C<&DB::DB();> in front of each place that can have a
257 breakpoint. At each subroutine call, it calls C<&DB::sub> with
258 C<$DB::sub> set to the called subroutine. It also inserts a C<BEGIN
259 {require 'perl5db.pl'}> before the first line.
261 After each C<require>d file is compiled, but before it is executed, a
262 call to C<&DB::postponed($main::{'_<'.$filename})> is done. C<$filename>
263 is the expanded name of the C<require>d file (as found via C<%INC>).
265 =head3 IMPORTANT INTERNAL VARIABLES
269 Used to control when the debugger will attempt to acquire another TTY to be
274 =item * 1 - on C<fork()>
276 =item * 2 - debugger is started inside debugger
278 =item * 4 - on startup
284 The value -2 indicates that no return value should be printed.
285 Any other positive value causes C<DB::sub> to print return values.
289 The item to be eval'ed by C<DB::eval>. Used to prevent messing with the current
290 contents of C<@_> when C<DB::eval> is called.
294 Determines what messages (if any) will get printed when a subroutine (or eval)
295 is entered or exited.
299 =item * 0 - No enter/exit messages
301 =item * 1 - Print I<entering> messages on subroutine entry
303 =item * 2 - Adds exit messages on subroutine exit. If no other flag is on, acts like 1+2.
305 =item * 4 - Extended messages: C<< <in|out> I<context>=I<fully-qualified sub name> from I<file>:I<line> >>. If no other flag is on, acts like 1+4.
307 =item * 8 - Adds parameter information to messages, and overloaded stringify and tied FETCH is enabled on the printed arguments. Ignored if C<4> is not on.
309 =item * 16 - Adds C<I<context> return from I<subname>: I<value>> messages on subroutine/eval exit. Ignored if C<4> is is not on.
313 To get everything, use C<$frame=30> (or C<o f=30> as a debugger command).
314 The debugger internally juggles the value of C<$frame> during execution to
315 protect external modules that the debugger uses from getting traced.
319 Tracks current debugger nesting level. Used to figure out how many
320 C<E<lt>E<gt>> pairs to surround the line number with when the debugger
321 outputs a prompt. Also used to help determine if the program has finished
322 during command parsing.
324 =head4 C<$onetimeDump>
326 Controls what (if anything) C<DB::eval()> will print after evaluating an
331 =item * C<undef> - don't print anything
333 =item * C<dump> - use C<dumpvar.pl> to display the value returned
335 =item * C<methods> - print the methods callable on the first item returned
339 =head4 C<$onetimeDumpDepth>
341 Controls how far down C<dumpvar.pl> will go before printing C<...> while
342 dumping a structure. Numeric. If C<undef>, print all levels.
346 Used to track whether or not an C<INT> signal has been detected. C<DB::DB()>,
347 which is called before every statement, checks this and puts the user into
348 command mode if it finds C<$signal> set to a true value.
352 Controls behavior during single-stepping. Stacked in C<@stack> on entry to
353 each subroutine; popped again at the end of each subroutine.
357 =item * 0 - run continuously.
359 =item * 1 - single-step, go into subs. The C<s> command.
361 =item * 2 - single-step, don't go into subs. The C<n> command.
363 =item * 4 - print current sub depth (turned on to force this when C<too much
370 Controls the output of trace information.
374 =item * 1 - The C<t> command was entered to turn on tracing (every line executed is printed)
376 =item * 2 - watch expressions are active
378 =item * 4 - user defined a C<watchfunction()> in C<afterinit()>
382 =head4 C<$slave_editor>
384 1 if C<LINEINFO> was directed to a pipe; 0 otherwise.
388 Stack of filehandles that C<DB::readline()> will read commands from.
389 Manipulated by the debugger's C<source> command and C<DB::readline()> itself.
393 Local alias to the magical line array, C<@{$main::{'_<'.$filename}}> ,
394 supplied by the Perl interpreter to the debugger. Contains the source.
398 Previous values of watch expressions. First set when the expression is
399 entered; reset whenever the watch expression changes.
403 Saves important globals (C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, C<$^W>)
404 so that the debugger can substitute safe values while it's running, and
405 restore them when it returns control.
409 Saves the current value of C<$single> on entry to a subroutine.
410 Manipulated by the C<c> command to turn off tracing in all subs above the
415 The 'watch' expressions: to be evaluated before each line is executed.
419 The typeahead buffer, used by C<DB::readline>.
423 Command aliases. Stored as character strings to be substituted for a command
426 =head4 C<%break_on_load>
428 Keys are file names, values are 1 (break when this file is loaded) or undef
429 (don't break when it is loaded).
433 Keys are line numbers, values are C<condition\0action>. If used in numeric
434 context, values are 0 if not breakable, 1 if breakable, no matter what is
435 in the actual hash entry.
437 =head4 C<%had_breakpoints>
439 Keys are file names; values are bitfields:
443 =item * 1 - file has a breakpoint in it.
445 =item * 2 - file has an action in it.
449 A zero or undefined value means this file has neither.
453 Stores the debugger options. These are character string values.
457 Saves breakpoints for code that hasn't been compiled yet.
458 Keys are subroutine names, values are:
462 =item * C<compile> - break when this sub is compiled
464 =item * C<< break +0 if <condition> >> - break (conditionally) at the start of this routine. The condition will be '1' if no condition was specified.
468 =head4 C<%postponed_file>
470 This hash keeps track of breakpoints that need to be set for files that have
471 not yet been compiled. Keys are filenames; values are references to hashes.
472 Each of these hashes is keyed by line number, and its values are breakpoint
473 definitions (C<condition\0action>).
475 =head1 DEBUGGER INITIALIZATION
477 The debugger's initialization actually jumps all over the place inside this
478 package. This is because there are several BEGIN blocks (which of course
479 execute immediately) spread through the code. Why is that?
481 The debugger needs to be able to change some things and set some things up
482 before the debugger code is compiled; most notably, the C<$deep> variable that
483 C<DB::sub> uses to tell when a program has recursed deeply. In addition, the
484 debugger has to turn off warnings while the debugger code is compiled, but then
485 restore them to their original setting before the program being debugged begins
488 The first C<BEGIN> block simply turns off warnings by saving the current
489 setting of C<$^W> and then setting it to zero. The second one initializes
490 the debugger variables that are needed before the debugger begins executing.
491 The third one puts C<$^X> back to its former value.
493 We'll detail the second C<BEGIN> block later; just remember that if you need
494 to initialize something before the debugger starts really executing, that's
501 BEGIN {eval 'use IO::Handle'}; # Needed for flush only? breaks under miniperl
503 # Debugger for Perl 5.00x; perl5db.pl patch level:
506 $header = "perl5db.pl version $VERSION";
508 =head1 DEBUGGER ROUTINES
512 This function replaces straight C<eval()> inside the debugger; it simplifies
513 the process of evaluating code in the user's context.
515 The code to be evaluated is passed via the package global variable
516 C<$DB::evalarg>; this is done to avoid fiddling with the contents of C<@_>.
518 Before we do the C<eval()>, we preserve the current settings of C<$trace>,
519 C<$single>, C<$^D> and C<$usercontext>. The latter contains the
520 preserved values of C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, C<$^W> and the
521 user's current package, grabbed when C<DB::DB> got control. This causes the
522 proper context to be used when the eval is actually done. Afterward, we
523 restore C<$trace>, C<$single>, and C<$^D>.
525 Next we need to handle C<$@> without getting confused. We save C<$@> in a
526 local lexical, localize C<$saved[0]> (which is where C<save()> will put
527 C<$@>), and then call C<save()> to capture C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>,
528 C<$/>, C<$\>, and C<$^W>) and set C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, and C<$^W> to values
529 considered sane by the debugger. If there was an C<eval()> error, we print
530 it on the debugger's output. If C<$onetimedump> is defined, we call
531 C<dumpit> if it's set to 'dump', or C<methods> if it's set to
532 'methods'. Setting it to something else causes the debugger to do the eval
533 but not print the result - handy if you want to do something else with it
534 (the "watch expressions" code does this to get the value of the watch
535 expression but not show it unless it matters).
537 In any case, we then return the list of output from C<eval> to the caller,
538 and unwinding restores the former version of C<$@> in C<@saved> as well
539 (the localization of C<$saved[0]> goes away at the end of this scope).
541 =head3 Parameters and variables influencing execution of DB::eval()
543 C<DB::eval> isn't parameterized in the standard way; this is to keep the
544 debugger's calls to C<DB::eval()> from mucking with C<@_>, among other things.
545 The variables listed below influence C<DB::eval()>'s execution directly.
549 =item C<$evalarg> - the thing to actually be eval'ed
551 =item C<$trace> - Current state of execution tracing
553 =item C<$single> - Current state of single-stepping
555 =item C<$onetimeDump> - what is to be displayed after the evaluation
557 =item C<$onetimeDumpDepth> - how deep C<dumpit()> should go when dumping results
561 The following variables are altered by C<DB::eval()> during its execution. They
562 are "stacked" via C<local()>, enabling recursive calls to C<DB::eval()>.
566 =item C<@res> - used to capture output from actual C<eval>.
568 =item C<$otrace> - saved value of C<$trace>.
570 =item C<$osingle> - saved value of C<$single>.
572 =item C<$od> - saved value of C<$^D>.
574 =item C<$saved[0]> - saved value of C<$@>.
576 =item $\ - for output of C<$@> if there is an evaluation error.
580 =head3 The problem of lexicals
582 The context of C<DB::eval()> presents us with some problems. Obviously,
583 we want to be 'sandboxed' away from the debugger's internals when we do
584 the eval, but we need some way to control how punctuation variables and
585 debugger globals are used.
587 We can't use local, because the code inside C<DB::eval> can see localized
588 variables; and we can't use C<my> either for the same reason. The code
589 in this routine compromises and uses C<my>.
591 After this routine is over, we don't have user code executing in the debugger's
592 context, so we can use C<my> freely.
596 ############################################## Begin lexical danger zone
598 # 'my' variables used here could leak into (that is, be visible in)
599 # the context that the code being evaluated is executing in. This means that
600 # the code could modify the debugger's variables.
602 # Fiddling with the debugger's context could be Bad. We insulate things as
607 # 'my' would make it visible from user code
608 # but so does local! --tchrist
609 # Remember: this localizes @DB::res, not @main::res.
613 # Try to keep the user code from messing with us. Save these so that
614 # even if the eval'ed code changes them, we can put them back again.
615 # Needed because the user could refer directly to the debugger's
616 # package globals (and any 'my' variables in this containing scope)
617 # inside the eval(), and we want to try to stay safe.
618 local $otrace = $trace;
619 local $osingle = $single;
622 # Untaint the incoming eval() argument.
623 { ($evalarg) = $evalarg =~ /(.*)/s; }
625 # $usercontext built in DB::DB near the comment
626 # "set up the context for DB::eval ..."
627 # Evaluate and save any results.
628 @res = eval "$usercontext $evalarg;\n"; # '\n' for nice recursive debug
630 # Restore those old values.
636 # Save the current value of $@, and preserve it in the debugger's copy
637 # of the saved precious globals.
640 # Since we're only saving $@, we only have to localize the array element
641 # that it will be stored in.
642 local $saved[0]; # Preserve the old value of $@
645 # Now see whether we need to report an error back to the user.
651 # Display as required by the caller. $onetimeDump and $onetimedumpDepth
652 # are package globals.
653 elsif ($onetimeDump) {
654 if ( $onetimeDump eq 'dump' ) {
655 local $option{dumpDepth} = $onetimedumpDepth
656 if defined $onetimedumpDepth;
657 dumpit( $OUT, \@res );
659 elsif ( $onetimeDump eq 'methods' ) {
662 } ## end elsif ($onetimeDump)
666 ############################################## End lexical danger zone
668 # After this point it is safe to introduce lexicals.
669 # The code being debugged will be executing in its own context, and
670 # can't see the inside of the debugger.
672 # However, one should not overdo it: leave as much control from outside as
673 # possible. If you make something a lexical, it's not going to be addressable
674 # from outside the debugger even if you know its name.
676 # This file is automatically included if you do perl -d.
677 # It's probably not useful to include this yourself.
679 # Before venturing further into these twisty passages, it is
680 # wise to read the perldebguts man page or risk the ire of dragons.
682 # (It should be noted that perldebguts will tell you a lot about
683 # the underlying mechanics of how the debugger interfaces into the
684 # Perl interpreter, but not a lot about the debugger itself. The new
685 # comments in this code try to address this problem.)
687 # Note that no subroutine call is possible until &DB::sub is defined
688 # (for subroutines defined outside of the package DB). In fact the same is
689 # true if $deep is not defined.
691 # Enhanced by ilya@math.ohio-state.edu (Ilya Zakharevich)
693 # modified Perl debugger, to be run from Emacs in perldb-mode
694 # Ray Lischner (uunet!mntgfx!lisch) as of 5 Nov 1990
695 # Johan Vromans -- upgrade to 4.0 pl 10
696 # Ilya Zakharevich -- patches after 5.001 (and some before ;-)
698 # (We have made efforts to clarify the comments in the change log
699 # in other places; some of them may seem somewhat obscure as they
700 # were originally written, and explaining them away from the code
701 # in question seems conterproductive.. -JM)
703 ########################################################################
705 # + A lot of things changed after 0.94. First of all, core now informs
706 # debugger about entry into XSUBs, overloaded operators, tied operations,
707 # BEGIN and END. Handy with `O f=2'.
708 # + This can make debugger a little bit too verbose, please be patient
709 # and report your problems promptly.
710 # + Now the option frame has 3 values: 0,1,2. XXX Document!
711 # + Note that if DESTROY returns a reference to the object (or object),
712 # the deletion of data may be postponed until the next function call,
713 # due to the need to examine the return value.
716 # + `v' command shows versions.
719 # + `v' command shows version of readline.
720 # primitive completion works (dynamic variables, subs for `b' and `l',
721 # options). Can `p %var'
722 # + Better help (`h <' now works). New commands <<, >>, {, {{.
723 # {dump|print}_trace() coded (to be able to do it from <<cmd).
724 # + `c sub' documented.
725 # + At last enough magic combined to stop after the end of debuggee.
726 # + !! should work now (thanks to Emacs bracket matching an extra
727 # `]' in a regexp is caught).
728 # + `L', `D' and `A' span files now (as documented).
729 # + Breakpoints in `require'd code are possible (used in `R').
730 # + Some additional words on internal work of debugger.
731 # + `b load filename' implemented.
732 # + `b postpone subr' implemented.
733 # + now only `q' exits debugger (overwritable on $inhibit_exit).
734 # + When restarting debugger breakpoints/actions persist.
735 # + Buglet: When restarting debugger only one breakpoint/action per
736 # autoloaded function persists.
738 # Changes: 0.97: NonStop will not stop in at_exit().
739 # + Option AutoTrace implemented.
740 # + Trace printed differently if frames are printed too.
741 # + new `inhibitExit' option.
742 # + printing of a very long statement interruptible.
743 # Changes: 0.98: New command `m' for printing possible methods
744 # + 'l -' is a synonym for `-'.
745 # + Cosmetic bugs in printing stack trace.
746 # + `frame' & 8 to print "expanded args" in stack trace.
747 # + Can list/break in imported subs.
748 # + new `maxTraceLen' option.
749 # + frame & 4 and frame & 8 granted.
751 # + nonstoppable lines do not have `:' near the line number.
752 # + `b compile subname' implemented.
753 # + Will not use $` any more.
754 # + `-' behaves sane now.
755 # Changes: 0.99: Completion for `f', `m'.
756 # + `m' will remove duplicate names instead of duplicate functions.
757 # + `b load' strips trailing whitespace.
758 # completion ignores leading `|'; takes into account current package
759 # when completing a subroutine name (same for `l').
760 # Changes: 1.07: Many fixed by tchrist 13-March-2000
762 # + Added bare minimal security checks on perldb rc files, plus
763 # comments on what else is needed.
764 # + Fixed the ornaments that made "|h" completely unusable.
765 # They are not used in print_help if they will hurt. Strip pod
766 # if we're paging to less.
767 # + Fixed mis-formatting of help messages caused by ornaments
768 # to restore Larry's original formatting.
769 # + Fixed many other formatting errors. The code is still suboptimal,
770 # and needs a lot of work at restructuring. It's also misindented
772 # + Fixed bug where trying to look at an option like your pager
774 # + Fixed some $? processing. Note: if you use csh or tcsh, you will
775 # lose. You should consider shell escapes not using their shell,
776 # or else not caring about detailed status. This should really be
777 # unified into one place, too.
778 # + Fixed bug where invisible trailing whitespace on commands hoses you,
779 # tricking Perl into thinking you weren't calling a debugger command!
780 # + Fixed bug where leading whitespace on commands hoses you. (One
781 # suggests a leading semicolon or any other irrelevant non-whitespace
782 # to indicate literal Perl code.)
783 # + Fixed bugs that ate warnings due to wrong selected handle.
784 # + Fixed a precedence bug on signal stuff.
785 # + Fixed some unseemly wording.
786 # + Fixed bug in help command trying to call perl method code.
787 # + Fixed to call dumpvar from exception handler. SIGPIPE killed us.
789 # + Added some comments. This code is still nasty spaghetti.
790 # + Added message if you clear your pre/post command stacks which was
791 # very easy to do if you just typed a bare >, <, or {. (A command
792 # without an argument should *never* be a destructive action; this
793 # API is fundamentally screwed up; likewise option setting, which
794 # is equally buggered.)
795 # + Added command stack dump on argument of "?" for >, <, or {.
796 # + Added a semi-built-in doc viewer command that calls man with the
797 # proper %Config::Config path (and thus gets caching, man -k, etc),
798 # or else perldoc on obstreperous platforms.
799 # + Added to and rearranged the help information.
800 # + Detected apparent misuse of { ... } to declare a block; this used
801 # to work but now is a command, and mysteriously gave no complaint.
803 # Changes: 1.08: Apr 25, 2001 Jon Eveland <jweveland@yahoo.com>
805 # + This patch to perl5db.pl cleans up formatting issues on the help
806 # summary (h h) screen in the debugger. Mostly columnar alignment
807 # issues, plus converted the printed text to use all spaces, since
808 # tabs don't seem to help much here.
810 # Changes: 1.09: May 19, 2001 Ilya Zakharevich <ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>
811 # Minor bugs corrected;
812 # + Support for auto-creation of new TTY window on startup, either
813 # unconditionally, or if started as a kid of another debugger session;
814 # + New `O'ption CreateTTY
815 # I<CreateTTY> bits control attempts to create a new TTY on events:
817 # 2: debugger is started inside debugger
819 # + Code to auto-create a new TTY window on OS/2 (currently one
820 # extra window per session - need named pipes to have more...);
821 # + Simplified interface for custom createTTY functions (with a backward
822 # compatibility hack); now returns the TTY name to use; return of ''
823 # means that the function reset the I/O handles itself;
824 # + Better message on the semantic of custom createTTY function;
825 # + Convert the existing code to create a TTY into a custom createTTY
827 # + Consistent support for TTY names of the form "TTYin,TTYout";
828 # + Switch line-tracing output too to the created TTY window;
829 # + make `b fork' DWIM with CORE::GLOBAL::fork;
830 # + High-level debugger API cmd_*():
831 # cmd_b_load($filenamepart) # b load filenamepart
832 # cmd_b_line($lineno [, $cond]) # b lineno [cond]
833 # cmd_b_sub($sub [, $cond]) # b sub [cond]
834 # cmd_stop() # Control-C
835 # cmd_d($lineno) # d lineno (B)
836 # The cmd_*() API returns FALSE on failure; in this case it outputs
837 # the error message to the debugging output.
838 # + Low-level debugger API
839 # break_on_load($filename) # b load filename
840 # @files = report_break_on_load() # List files with load-breakpoints
841 # breakable_line_in_filename($name, $from [, $to])
842 # # First breakable line in the
843 # # range $from .. $to. $to defaults
844 # # to $from, and may be less than
846 # breakable_line($from [, $to]) # Same for the current file
847 # break_on_filename_line($name, $lineno [, $cond])
848 # # Set breakpoint,$cond defaults to
850 # break_on_filename_line_range($name, $from, $to [, $cond])
851 # # As above, on the first
852 # # breakable line in range
853 # break_on_line($lineno [, $cond]) # As above, in the current file
854 # break_subroutine($sub [, $cond]) # break on the first breakable line
855 # ($name, $from, $to) = subroutine_filename_lines($sub)
856 # # The range of lines of the text
857 # The low-level API returns TRUE on success, and die()s on failure.
859 # Changes: 1.10: May 23, 2001 Daniel Lewart <d-lewart@uiuc.edu>
861 # + Fixed warnings generated by "perl -dWe 42"
862 # + Corrected spelling errors
863 # + Squeezed Help (h) output into 80 columns
865 # Changes: 1.11: May 24, 2001 David Dyck <dcd@tc.fluke.com>
866 # + Made "x @INC" work like it used to
868 # Changes: 1.12: May 24, 2001 Daniel Lewart <d-lewart@uiuc.edu>
869 # + Fixed warnings generated by "O" (Show debugger options)
870 # + Fixed warnings generated by "p 42" (Print expression)
871 # Changes: 1.13: Jun 19, 2001 Scott.L.Miller@compaq.com
872 # + Added windowSize option
873 # Changes: 1.14: Oct 9, 2001 multiple
874 # + Clean up after itself on VMS (Charles Lane in 12385)
875 # + Adding "@ file" syntax (Peter Scott in 12014)
876 # + Debug reloading selfloaded stuff (Ilya Zakharevich in 11457)
877 # + $^S and other debugger fixes (Ilya Zakharevich in 11120)
878 # + Forgot a my() declaration (Ilya Zakharevich in 11085)
879 # Changes: 1.15: Nov 6, 2001 Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com>
880 # + Updated 1.14 change log
881 # + Added *dbline explainatory comments
882 # + Mentioning perldebguts man page
883 # Changes: 1.16: Feb 15, 2002 Mark-Jason Dominus <mjd@plover.com>
884 # + $onetimeDump improvements
885 # Changes: 1.17: Feb 20, 2002 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
886 # Moved some code to cmd_[.]()'s for clarity and ease of handling,
887 # rationalised the following commands and added cmd_wrapper() to
888 # enable switching between old and frighteningly consistent new
889 # behaviours for diehards: 'o CommandSet=pre580' (sigh...)
890 # a(add), A(del) # action expr (added del by line)
891 # + b(add), B(del) # break [line] (was b,D)
892 # + w(add), W(del) # watch expr (was W,W)
893 # # added del by expr
894 # + h(summary), h h(long) # help (hh) (was h h,h)
895 # + m(methods), M(modules) # ... (was m,v)
896 # + o(option) # lc (was O)
897 # + v(view code), V(view Variables) # ... (was w,V)
898 # Changes: 1.18: Mar 17, 2002 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
899 # + fixed missing cmd_O bug
900 # Changes: 1.19: Mar 29, 2002 Spider Boardman
901 # + Added missing local()s -- DB::DB is called recursively.
902 # Changes: 1.20: Feb 17, 2003 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
903 # + pre'n'post commands no longer trashed with no args
904 # + watch val joined out of eval()
905 # Changes: 1.21: Jun 04, 2003 Joe McMahon <mcmahon@ibiblio.org>
906 # + Added comments and reformatted source. No bug fixes/enhancements.
907 # + Includes cleanup by Robin Barker and Jarkko Hietaniemi.
908 # Changes: 1.22 Jun 09, 2003 Alex Vandiver <alexmv@MIT.EDU>
909 # + Flush stdout/stderr before the debugger prompt is printed.
910 # Changes: 1.23: Dec 21, 2003 Dominique Quatravaux
911 # + Fix a side-effect of bug #24674 in the perl debugger ("odd taint bug")
912 # Changes: 1.24: Mar 03, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
913 # + Added command to save all debugger commands for sourcing later.
914 # + Added command to display parent inheritance tree of given class.
915 # + Fixed minor newline in history bug.
916 # Changes: 1.25: Apr 17, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
917 # + Fixed option bug (setting invalid options + not recognising valid short forms)
918 # Changes: 1.26: Apr 22, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
919 # + unfork the 5.8.x and 5.9.x debuggers.
920 # + whitespace and assertions call cleanup across versions
921 # + H * deletes (resets) history
922 # + i now handles Class + blessed objects
923 # Changes: 1.27: May 09, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
924 # + updated pod page references - clunky.
925 # + removed windowid restriction for forking into an xterm.
926 # + more whitespace again.
927 # + wrapped restart and enabled rerun [-n] (go back n steps) command.
928 # Changes: 1.28: Oct 12, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
929 # + Added threads support (inc. e and E commands)
930 # Changes: 1.29: Nov 28, 2006 Bo Lindbergh <blgl@hagernas.com>
931 # + Added macosx_get_fork_TTY support
932 ########################################################################
934 =head1 DEBUGGER INITIALIZATION
936 The debugger starts up in phases.
940 First, it initializes the environment it wants to run in: turning off
941 warnings during its own compilation, defining variables which it will need
942 to avoid warnings later, setting itself up to not exit when the program
943 terminates, and defaulting to printing return values for the C<r> command.
947 # Needed for the statement after exec():
949 # This BEGIN block is simply used to switch off warnings during debugger
950 # compiliation. Probably it would be better practice to fix the warnings,
951 # but this is how it's done at the moment.
956 } # Switch compilation warnings off until another BEGIN.
958 # test if assertions are supported and actived:
960 $ini_assertion = eval "sub asserting_test : assertion {1}; 1";
962 # $ini_assertion = undef => assertions unsupported,
963 # " = 1 => assertions supported
964 # print "\$ini_assertion=$ini_assertion\n";
967 local ($^W) = 0; # Switch run-time warnings off during init.
969 =head2 THREADS SUPPORT
971 If we are running under a threaded Perl, we require threads and threads::shared
972 if the environment variable C<PERL5DB_THREADED> is set, to enable proper
973 threaded debugger control. C<-dt> can also be used to set this.
975 Each new thread will be announced and the debugger prompt will always inform
976 you of each new thread created. It will also indicate the thread id in which
977 we are currently running within the prompt like this:
981 Where C<[tid]> is an integer thread id and C<$i> is the familiar debugger
982 command prompt. The prompt will show: C<[0]> when running under threads, but
983 not actually in a thread. C<[tid]> is consistent with C<gdb> usage.
985 While running under threads, when you set or delete a breakpoint (etc.), this
986 will apply to all threads, not just the currently running one. When you are
987 in a currently executing thread, you will stay there until it completes. With
988 the current implementation it is not currently possible to hop from one thread
991 The C<e> and C<E> commands are currently fairly minimal - see C<h e> and C<h E>.
993 Note that threading support was built into the debugger as of Perl version
994 C<5.8.6> and debugger version C<1.2.8>.
999 # ensure we can share our non-threaded variables or no-op
1000 if ($ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
1002 require threads::shared;
1003 import threads::shared qw(share);
1007 print "Threads support enabled\n";
1014 # This would probably be better done with "use vars", but that wasn't around
1015 # when this code was originally written. (Neither was "use strict".) And on
1016 # the principle of not fiddling with something that was working, this was
1019 # These variables control the execution of 'dumpvar.pl'.
1020 $dumpvar::hashDepth,
1021 $dumpvar::arrayDepth,
1022 $dumpvar::dumpDBFiles,
1023 $dumpvar::dumpPackages,
1024 $dumpvar::quoteHighBit,
1025 $dumpvar::printUndef,
1026 $dumpvar::globPrint,
1027 $dumpvar::usageOnly,
1029 # used to save @ARGV and extract any debugger-related flags.
1032 # used to control die() reporting in diesignal()
1035 # used to prevent multiple entries to diesignal()
1036 # (if for instance diesignal() itself dies)
1039 # used to prevent the debugger from running nonstop
1045 foreach my $k (keys (%INC)) {
1046 &share(\$main::{'_<'.$filename});
1049 # Command-line + PERLLIB:
1050 # Save the contents of @INC before they are modified elsewhere.
1053 # This was an attempt to clear out the previous values of various
1054 # trapped errors. Apparently it didn't help. XXX More info needed!
1055 # $prevwarn = $prevdie = $prevbus = $prevsegv = ''; # Does not help?!
1057 # We set these variables to safe values. We don't want to blindly turn
1058 # off warnings, because other packages may still want them.
1059 $trace = $signal = $single = 0; # Uninitialized warning suppression
1060 # (local $^W cannot help - other packages!).
1062 # Default to not exiting when program finishes; print the return
1063 # value when the 'r' command is used to return from a subroutine.
1064 $inhibit_exit = $option{PrintRet} = 1;
1066 =head1 OPTION PROCESSING
1068 The debugger's options are actually spread out over the debugger itself and
1069 C<dumpvar.pl>; some of these are variables to be set, while others are
1070 subs to be called with a value. To try to make this a little easier to
1071 manage, the debugger uses a few data structures to define what options
1072 are legal and how they are to be processed.
1074 First, the C<@options> array defines the I<names> of all the options that
1081 hashDepth arrayDepth dumpDepth
1082 DumpDBFiles DumpPackages DumpReused
1083 compactDump veryCompact quote
1084 HighBit undefPrint globPrint
1085 PrintRet UsageOnly frame
1087 ReadLine NonStop LineInfo
1088 maxTraceLen recallCommand ShellBang
1089 pager tkRunning ornaments
1090 signalLevel warnLevel dieLevel
1091 inhibit_exit ImmediateStop bareStringify
1092 CreateTTY RemotePort windowSize
1093 DollarCaretP OnlyAssertions WarnAssertions
1096 @RememberOnROptions = qw(DollarCaretP OnlyAssertions);
1100 Second, C<optionVars> lists the variables that each option uses to save its
1106 hashDepth => \$dumpvar::hashDepth,
1107 arrayDepth => \$dumpvar::arrayDepth,
1108 CommandSet => \$CommandSet,
1109 DumpDBFiles => \$dumpvar::dumpDBFiles,
1110 DumpPackages => \$dumpvar::dumpPackages,
1111 DumpReused => \$dumpvar::dumpReused,
1112 HighBit => \$dumpvar::quoteHighBit,
1113 undefPrint => \$dumpvar::printUndef,
1114 globPrint => \$dumpvar::globPrint,
1115 UsageOnly => \$dumpvar::usageOnly,
1116 CreateTTY => \$CreateTTY,
1117 bareStringify => \$dumpvar::bareStringify,
1119 AutoTrace => \$trace,
1120 inhibit_exit => \$inhibit_exit,
1121 maxTraceLen => \$maxtrace,
1122 ImmediateStop => \$ImmediateStop,
1123 RemotePort => \$remoteport,
1124 windowSize => \$window,
1125 WarnAssertions => \$warnassertions,
1130 Third, C<%optionAction> defines the subroutine to be called to process each
1136 compactDump => \&dumpvar::compactDump,
1137 veryCompact => \&dumpvar::veryCompact,
1138 quote => \&dumpvar::quote,
1141 ReadLine => \&ReadLine,
1142 NonStop => \&NonStop,
1143 LineInfo => \&LineInfo,
1144 recallCommand => \&recallCommand,
1145 ShellBang => \&shellBang,
1147 signalLevel => \&signalLevel,
1148 warnLevel => \&warnLevel,
1149 dieLevel => \&dieLevel,
1150 tkRunning => \&tkRunning,
1151 ornaments => \&ornaments,
1152 RemotePort => \&RemotePort,
1153 DollarCaretP => \&DollarCaretP,
1154 OnlyAssertions=> \&OnlyAssertions,
1159 Last, the C<%optionRequire> notes modules that must be C<require>d if an
1164 # Note that this list is not complete: several options not listed here
1165 # actually require that dumpvar.pl be loaded for them to work, but are
1166 # not in the table. A subsequent patch will correct this problem; for
1167 # the moment, we're just recommenting, and we are NOT going to change
1170 compactDump => 'dumpvar.pl',
1171 veryCompact => 'dumpvar.pl',
1172 quote => 'dumpvar.pl',
1177 There are a number of initialization-related variables which can be set
1178 by putting code to set them in a BEGIN block in the C<PERL5DB> environment
1179 variable. These are:
1183 =item C<$rl> - readline control XXX needs more explanation
1185 =item C<$warnLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over warning handling
1187 =item C<$dieLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over die handling
1189 =item C<$signalLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over signal handling
1191 =item C<$pre> - preprompt actions (array reference)
1193 =item C<$post> - postprompt actions (array reference)
1197 =item C<$CreateTTY> - whether or not to create a new TTY for this debugger
1199 =item C<$CommandSet> - which command set to use (defaults to new, documented set)
1205 # These guys may be defined in $ENV{PERL5DB} :
1206 $rl = 1 unless defined $rl;
1207 $warnLevel = 1 unless defined $warnLevel;
1208 $dieLevel = 1 unless defined $dieLevel;
1209 $signalLevel = 1 unless defined $signalLevel;
1210 $pre = [] unless defined $pre;
1211 $post = [] unless defined $post;
1212 $pretype = [] unless defined $pretype;
1213 $CreateTTY = 3 unless defined $CreateTTY;
1214 $CommandSet = '580' unless defined $CommandSet;
1219 share($signalLevel);
1229 The default C<die>, C<warn>, and C<signal> handlers are set up.
1233 warnLevel($warnLevel);
1234 dieLevel($dieLevel);
1235 signalLevel($signalLevel);
1239 The pager to be used is needed next. We try to get it from the
1240 environment first. if it's not defined there, we try to find it in
1241 the Perl C<Config.pm>. If it's not there, we default to C<more>. We
1242 then call the C<pager()> function to save the pager name.
1246 # This routine makes sure $pager is set up so that '|' can use it.
1249 # If PAGER is defined in the environment, use it.
1253 # If not, see if Config.pm defines it.
1254 : eval { require Config }
1255 && defined $Config::Config{pager}
1256 ? $Config::Config{pager}
1258 # If not, fall back to 'more'.
1261 unless defined $pager;
1265 We set up the command to be used to access the man pages, the command
1266 recall character (C<!> unless otherwise defined) and the shell escape
1267 character (C<!> unless otherwise defined). Yes, these do conflict, and
1268 neither works in the debugger at the moment.
1274 # Set up defaults for command recall and shell escape (note:
1275 # these currently don't work in linemode debugging).
1276 &recallCommand("!") unless defined $prc;
1277 &shellBang("!") unless defined $psh;
1281 We then set up the gigantic string containing the debugger help.
1282 We also set the limit on the number of arguments we'll display during a
1289 # If we didn't get a default for the length of eval/stack trace args,
1291 $maxtrace = 400 unless defined $maxtrace;
1293 =head2 SETTING UP THE DEBUGGER GREETING
1295 The debugger I<greeting> helps to inform the user how many debuggers are
1296 running, and whether the current debugger is the primary or a child.
1298 If we are the primary, we just hang onto our pid so we'll have it when
1299 or if we start a child debugger. If we are a child, we'll set things up
1300 so we'll have a unique greeting and so the parent will give us our own
1303 We save the current contents of the C<PERLDB_PIDS> environment variable
1304 because we mess around with it. We'll also need to hang onto it because
1305 we'll need it if we restart.
1307 Child debuggers make a label out of the current PID structure recorded in
1308 PERLDB_PIDS plus the new PID. They also mark themselves as not having a TTY
1309 yet so the parent will give them one later via C<resetterm()>.
1313 # Save the current contents of the environment; we're about to
1314 # much with it. We'll need this if we have to restart.
1315 $ini_pids = $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS};
1317 if ( defined $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} ) {
1319 # We're a child. Make us a label out of the current PID structure
1320 # recorded in PERLDB_PIDS plus our (new) PID. Mark us as not having
1321 # a term yet so the parent will give us one later via resetterm().
1323 my $env_pids = $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS};
1324 $pids = "[$env_pids]";
1326 # Unless we are on OpenVMS, all programs under the DCL shell run under
1329 if (($^O eq 'VMS') && ($env_pids =~ /\b$$\b/)) {
1333 $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} .= "->$$";
1337 } ## end if (defined $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS...
1340 # We're the parent PID. Initialize PERLDB_PID in case we end up with a
1341 # child debugger, and mark us as the parent, so we'll know to set up
1342 # more TTY's is we have to.
1343 $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} = "$$";
1350 # Sets up $emacs as a synonym for $slave_editor.
1351 *emacs = $slave_editor if $slave_editor; # May be used in afterinit()...
1353 =head2 READING THE RC FILE
1355 The debugger will read a file of initialization options if supplied. If
1356 running interactively, this is C<.perldb>; if not, it's C<perldb.ini>.
1360 # As noted, this test really doesn't check accurately that the debugger
1361 # is running at a terminal or not.
1363 if ( -e "/dev/tty" ) { # this is the wrong metric!
1364 $rcfile = ".perldb";
1367 $rcfile = "perldb.ini";
1372 The debugger does a safety test of the file to be read. It must be owned
1373 either by the current user or root, and must only be writable by the owner.
1377 # This wraps a safety test around "do" to read and evaluate the init file.
1379 # This isn't really safe, because there's a race
1380 # between checking and opening. The solution is to
1381 # open and fstat the handle, but then you have to read and
1382 # eval the contents. But then the silly thing gets
1383 # your lexical scope, which is unfortunate at best.
1387 # Just exactly what part of the word "CORE::" don't you understand?
1388 local $SIG{__WARN__};
1389 local $SIG{__DIE__};
1391 unless ( is_safe_file($file) ) {
1392 CORE::warn <<EO_GRIPE;
1393 perldb: Must not source insecure rcfile $file.
1394 You or the superuser must be the owner, and it must not
1395 be writable by anyone but its owner.
1398 } ## end unless (is_safe_file($file...
1401 CORE::warn("perldb: couldn't parse $file: $@") if $@;
1402 } ## end sub safe_do
1404 # This is the safety test itself.
1406 # Verifies that owner is either real user or superuser and that no
1407 # one but owner may write to it. This function is of limited use
1408 # when called on a path instead of upon a handle, because there are
1409 # no guarantees that filename (by dirent) whose file (by ino) is
1410 # eventually accessed is the same as the one tested.
1411 # Assumes that the file's existence is not in doubt.
1414 stat($path) || return; # mysteriously vaporized
1415 my ( $dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid ) = stat(_);
1417 return 0 if $uid != 0 && $uid != $<;
1418 return 0 if $mode & 022;
1420 } ## end sub is_safe_file
1422 # If the rcfile (whichever one we decided was the right one to read)
1423 # exists, we safely do it.
1425 safe_do("./$rcfile");
1428 # If there isn't one here, try the user's home directory.
1429 elsif ( defined $ENV{HOME} && -f "$ENV{HOME}/$rcfile" ) {
1430 safe_do("$ENV{HOME}/$rcfile");
1433 # Else try the login directory.
1434 elsif ( defined $ENV{LOGDIR} && -f "$ENV{LOGDIR}/$rcfile" ) {
1435 safe_do("$ENV{LOGDIR}/$rcfile");
1438 # If the PERLDB_OPTS variable has options in it, parse those out next.
1439 if ( defined $ENV{PERLDB_OPTS} ) {
1440 parse_options( $ENV{PERLDB_OPTS} );
1445 The last thing we do during initialization is determine which subroutine is
1446 to be used to obtain a new terminal when a new debugger is started. Right now,
1447 the debugger only handles X Windows, OS/2, and Mac OS X (darwin).
1451 # Set up the get_fork_TTY subroutine to be aliased to the proper routine.
1452 # Works if you're running an xterm or xterm-like window, or you're on
1453 # OS/2, or on Mac OS X. This may need some expansion.
1455 if (not defined &get_fork_TTY) # only if no routine exists
1457 if (defined $ENV{TERM} # If we know what kind
1458 # of terminal this is,
1459 and $ENV{TERM} eq 'xterm' # and it's an xterm,
1460 and defined $ENV{DISPLAY} # and what display it's on,
1463 *get_fork_TTY = \&xterm_get_fork_TTY; # use the xterm version
1465 elsif ( $^O eq 'os2' ) { # If this is OS/2,
1466 *get_fork_TTY = \&os2_get_fork_TTY; # use the OS/2 version
1468 elsif ( $^O eq 'darwin' # If this is Mac OS X
1469 and defined $ENV{TERM_PROGRAM} # and we're running inside
1470 and $ENV{TERM_PROGRAM}
1471 eq 'Apple_Terminal' # Terminal.app
1474 *get_fork_TTY = \&macosx_get_fork_TTY; # use the Mac OS X version
1476 } ## end if (not defined &get_fork_TTY...
1478 # untaint $^O, which may have been tainted by the last statement.
1479 # see bug [perl #24674]
1483 # Here begin the unreadable code. It needs fixing.
1485 =head2 RESTART PROCESSING
1487 This section handles the restart command. When the C<R> command is invoked, it
1488 tries to capture all of the state it can into environment variables, and
1489 then sets C<PERLDB_RESTART>. When we start executing again, we check to see
1490 if C<PERLDB_RESTART> is there; if so, we reload all the information that
1491 the R command stuffed into the environment variables.
1493 PERLDB_RESTART - flag only, contains no restart data itself.
1494 PERLDB_HIST - command history, if it's available
1495 PERLDB_ON_LOAD - breakpoints set by the rc file
1496 PERLDB_POSTPONE - subs that have been loaded/not executed, and have actions
1497 PERLDB_VISITED - files that had breakpoints
1498 PERLDB_FILE_... - breakpoints for a file
1499 PERLDB_OPT - active options
1500 PERLDB_INC - the original @INC
1501 PERLDB_PRETYPE - preprompt debugger actions
1502 PERLDB_PRE - preprompt Perl code
1503 PERLDB_POST - post-prompt Perl code
1504 PERLDB_TYPEAHEAD - typeahead captured by readline()
1506 We chug through all these variables and plug the values saved in them
1507 back into the appropriate spots in the debugger.
1511 if ( exists $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART} ) {
1513 # We're restarting, so we don't need the flag that says to restart anymore.
1514 delete $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART};
1517 @hist = get_list('PERLDB_HIST');
1518 %break_on_load = get_list("PERLDB_ON_LOAD");
1519 %postponed = get_list("PERLDB_POSTPONE");
1523 share(%break_on_load);
1526 # restore breakpoints/actions
1527 my @had_breakpoints = get_list("PERLDB_VISITED");
1528 for ( 0 .. $#had_breakpoints ) {
1529 my %pf = get_list("PERLDB_FILE_$_");
1530 $postponed_file{ $had_breakpoints[$_] } = \%pf if %pf;
1534 my %opt = get_list("PERLDB_OPT");
1536 while ( ( $opt, $val ) = each %opt ) {
1537 $val =~ s/[\\\']/\\$1/g;
1538 parse_options("$opt'$val'");
1541 # restore original @INC
1542 @INC = get_list("PERLDB_INC");
1545 # return pre/postprompt actions and typeahead buffer
1546 $pretype = [ get_list("PERLDB_PRETYPE") ];
1547 $pre = [ get_list("PERLDB_PRE") ];
1548 $post = [ get_list("PERLDB_POST") ];
1549 @typeahead = get_list( "PERLDB_TYPEAHEAD", @typeahead );
1550 } ## end if (exists $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART...
1552 =head2 SETTING UP THE TERMINAL
1554 Now, we'll decide how the debugger is going to interact with the user.
1555 If there's no TTY, we set the debugger to run non-stop; there's not going
1556 to be anyone there to enter commands.
1567 If there is a TTY, we have to determine who it belongs to before we can
1568 proceed. If this is a slave editor or graphical debugger (denoted by
1569 the first command-line switch being '-emacs'), we shift this off and
1570 set C<$rl> to 0 (XXX ostensibly to do straight reads).
1576 # Is Perl being run from a slave editor or graphical debugger?
1577 # If so, don't use readline, and set $slave_editor = 1.
1579 ( ( defined $main::ARGV[0] ) and ( $main::ARGV[0] eq '-emacs' ) );
1580 $rl = 0, shift(@main::ARGV) if $slave_editor;
1582 #require Term::ReadLine;
1586 We then determine what the console should be on various systems:
1590 =item * Cygwin - We use C<stdin> instead of a separate device.
1594 if ( $^O eq 'cygwin' ) {
1596 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1600 =item * Unix - use C</dev/tty>.
1604 elsif ( -e "/dev/tty" ) {
1605 $console = "/dev/tty";
1608 =item * Windows or MSDOS - use C<con>.
1612 elsif ( $^O eq 'dos' or -e "con" or $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) {
1616 =item * MacOS - use C<Dev:Console:Perl Debug> if this is the MPW version; C<Dev:
1619 Note that Mac OS X returns C<darwin>, not C<MacOS>. Also note that the debugger doesn't do anything special for C<darwin>. Maybe it should.
1623 elsif ( $^O eq 'MacOS' ) {
1624 if ( $MacPerl::Version !~ /MPW/ ) {
1626 "Dev:Console:Perl Debug"; # Separate window for application
1629 $console = "Dev:Console";
1631 } ## end elsif ($^O eq 'MacOS')
1633 =item * VMS - use C<sys$command>.
1639 # everything else is ...
1640 $console = "sys\$command";
1647 Several other systems don't use a specific console. We C<undef $console>
1648 for those (Windows using a slave editor/graphical debugger, NetWare, OS/2
1649 with a slave editor, Epoc).
1653 if ( ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) and ( $slave_editor or defined $ENV{EMACS} ) ) {
1655 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1659 if ( $^O eq 'NetWare' ) {
1661 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1665 # In OS/2, we need to use STDIN to get textmode too, even though
1666 # it pretty much looks like Unix otherwise.
1667 if ( defined $ENV{OS2_SHELL} and ( $slave_editor or $ENV{WINDOWID} ) )
1672 # EPOC also falls into the 'got to use STDIN' camp.
1673 if ( $^O eq 'epoc' ) {
1679 If there is a TTY hanging around from a parent, we use that as the console.
1683 $console = $tty if defined $tty;
1685 =head2 SOCKET HANDLING
1687 The debugger is capable of opening a socket and carrying out a debugging
1688 session over the socket.
1690 If C<RemotePort> was defined in the options, the debugger assumes that it
1691 should try to start a debugging session on that port. It builds the socket
1692 and then tries to connect the input and output filehandles to it.
1696 # Handle socket stuff.
1698 if ( defined $remoteport ) {
1700 # If RemotePort was defined in the options, connect input and output
1703 $OUT = new IO::Socket::INET(
1705 PeerAddr => $remoteport,
1708 if ( !$OUT ) { die "Unable to connect to remote host: $remoteport\n"; }
1710 } ## end if (defined $remoteport)
1714 If no C<RemotePort> was defined, and we want to create a TTY on startup,
1715 this is probably a situation where multiple debuggers are running (for example,
1716 a backticked command that starts up another debugger). We create a new IN and
1717 OUT filehandle, and do the necessary mojo to create a new TTY if we know how
1725 # Two debuggers running (probably a system or a backtick that invokes
1726 # the debugger itself under the running one). create a new IN and OUT
1727 # filehandle, and do the necessary mojo to create a new tty if we
1728 # know how, and we can.
1729 create_IN_OUT(4) if $CreateTTY & 4;
1732 # If we have a console, check to see if there are separate ins and
1733 # outs to open. (They are assumed identical if not.)
1735 my ( $i, $o ) = split /,/, $console;
1736 $o = $i unless defined $o;
1738 # read/write on in, or just read, or read on STDIN.
1740 || open( IN, "<$i" )
1741 || open( IN, "<&STDIN" );
1743 # read/write/create/clobber out, or write/create/clobber out,
1744 # or merge with STDERR, or merge with STDOUT.
1746 || open( OUT, ">$o" )
1747 || open( OUT, ">&STDERR" )
1748 || open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ); # so we don't dongle stdout
1750 } ## end if ($console)
1751 elsif ( not defined $console ) {
1753 # No console. Open STDIN.
1754 open( IN, "<&STDIN" );
1756 # merge with STDERR, or with STDOUT.
1757 open( OUT, ">&STDERR" )
1758 || open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ); # so we don't dongle stdout
1759 $console = 'STDIN/OUT';
1760 } ## end elsif (not defined $console)
1762 # Keep copies of the filehandles so that when the pager runs, it
1763 # can close standard input without clobbering ours.
1764 $IN = \*IN, $OUT = \*OUT if $console or not defined $console;
1765 } ## end elsif (from if(defined $remoteport))
1767 # Unbuffer DB::OUT. We need to see responses right away.
1768 my $previous = select($OUT);
1769 $| = 1; # for DB::OUT
1772 # Line info goes to debugger output unless pointed elsewhere.
1773 # Pointing elsewhere makes it possible for slave editors to
1774 # keep track of file and position. We have both a filehandle
1775 # and a I/O description to keep track of.
1776 $LINEINFO = $OUT unless defined $LINEINFO;
1777 $lineinfo = $console unless defined $lineinfo;
1778 # share($LINEINFO); # <- unable to share globs
1783 To finish initialization, we show the debugger greeting,
1784 and then call the C<afterinit()> subroutine if there is one.
1788 # Show the debugger greeting.
1789 $header =~ s/.Header: ([^,]+),v(\s+\S+\s+\S+).*$/$1$2/;
1790 unless ($runnonstop) {
1793 if ( $term_pid eq '-1' ) {
1794 print $OUT "\nDaughter DB session started...\n";
1797 print $OUT "\nLoading DB routines from $header\n";
1800 $slave_editor ? "enabled" : "available", ".\n"
1803 "\nEnter h or `h h' for help, or `$doccmd perldebug' for more help.\n\n";
1804 } ## end else [ if ($term_pid eq '-1')
1805 } ## end unless ($runnonstop)
1806 } ## end else [ if ($notty)
1808 # XXX This looks like a bug to me.
1809 # Why copy to @ARGS and then futz with @args?
1812 # Make sure backslashes before single quotes are stripped out, and
1813 # keep args unless they are numeric (XXX why?)
1814 # s/\'/\\\'/g; # removed while not justified understandably
1815 # s/(.*)/'$1'/ unless /^-?[\d.]+$/; # ditto
1818 # If there was an afterinit() sub defined, call it. It will get
1819 # executed in our scope, so it can fiddle with debugger globals.
1820 if ( defined &afterinit ) { # May be defined in $rcfile
1824 # Inform us about "Stack dump during die enabled ..." in dieLevel().
1827 ############################################################ Subroutines
1833 This gigantic subroutine is the heart of the debugger. Called before every
1834 statement, its job is to determine if a breakpoint has been reached, and
1835 stop if so; read commands from the user, parse them, and execute
1836 them, and hen send execution off to the next statement.
1838 Note that the order in which the commands are processed is very important;
1839 some commands earlier in the loop will actually alter the C<$cmd> variable
1840 to create other commands to be executed later. This is all highly I<optimized>
1841 but can be confusing. Check the comments for each C<$cmd ... && do {}> to
1842 see what's happening in any given command.
1848 # lock the debugger and get the thread id for the prompt
1851 if ($ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
1852 $tid = eval { "[".threads->tid."]" };
1855 # Check for whether we should be running continuously or not.
1856 # _After_ the perl program is compiled, $single is set to 1:
1857 if ( $single and not $second_time++ ) {
1859 # Options say run non-stop. Run until we get an interrupt.
1860 if ($runnonstop) { # Disable until signal
1861 # If there's any call stack in place, turn off single
1862 # stepping into subs throughout the stack.
1863 for ( $i = 0 ; $i <= $stack_depth ; ) {
1864 $stack[ $i++ ] &= ~1;
1867 # And we are now no longer in single-step mode.
1870 # If we simply returned at this point, we wouldn't get
1871 # the trace info. Fall on through.
1873 } ## end if ($runnonstop)
1875 elsif ($ImmediateStop) {
1877 # We are supposed to stop here; XXX probably a break.
1878 $ImmediateStop = 0; # We've processed it; turn it off
1879 $signal = 1; # Simulate an interrupt to force
1880 # us into the command loop
1882 } ## end if ($single and not $second_time...
1884 # If we're in single-step mode, or an interrupt (real or fake)
1885 # has occurred, turn off non-stop mode.
1886 $runnonstop = 0 if $single or $signal;
1888 # Preserve current values of $@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W.
1889 # The code being debugged may have altered them.
1892 # Since DB::DB gets called after every line, we can use caller() to
1893 # figure out where we last were executing. Sneaky, eh? This works because
1894 # caller is returning all the extra information when called from the
1896 local ( $package, $filename, $line ) = caller;
1897 local $filename_ini = $filename;
1899 # set up the context for DB::eval, so it can properly execute
1900 # code on behalf of the user. We add the package in so that the
1901 # code is eval'ed in the proper package (not in the debugger!).
1902 local $usercontext =
1903 '($@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W) = @saved;' . "package $package;";
1905 # Create an alias to the active file magical array to simplify
1907 local (*dbline) = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
1909 # we need to check for pseudofiles on Mac OS (these are files
1910 # not attached to a filename, but instead stored in Dev:Pseudo)
1911 if ( $^O eq 'MacOS' && $#dbline < 0 ) {
1912 $filename_ini = $filename = 'Dev:Pseudo';
1913 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
1916 # Last line in the program.
1917 local $max = $#dbline;
1919 # if we have something here, see if we should break.
1921 && ( ( $stop, $action ) = split( /\0/, $dbline{$line} ) ) )
1924 # Stop if the stop criterion says to just stop.
1925 if ( $stop eq '1' ) {
1929 # It's a conditional stop; eval it in the user's context and
1930 # see if we should stop. If so, remove the one-time sigil.
1932 $evalarg = "\$DB::signal |= 1 if do {$stop}";
1934 $dbline{$line} =~ s/;9($|\0)/$1/;
1936 } ## end if ($dbline{$line} && ...
1938 # Preserve the current stop-or-not, and see if any of the W
1939 # (watch expressions) has changed.
1940 my $was_signal = $signal;
1942 # If we have any watch expressions ...
1944 for ( my $n = 0 ; $n <= $#to_watch ; $n++ ) {
1945 $evalarg = $to_watch[$n];
1946 local $onetimeDump; # Tell DB::eval() to not output results
1948 # Fix context DB::eval() wants to return an array, but
1949 # we need a scalar here.
1950 my ($val) = join( "', '", &eval );
1951 $val = ( ( defined $val ) ? "'$val'" : 'undef' );
1954 if ( $val ne $old_watch[$n] ) {
1956 # Yep! Show the difference, and fake an interrupt.
1959 Watchpoint $n:\t$to_watch[$n] changed:
1960 old value:\t$old_watch[$n]
1963 $old_watch[$n] = $val;
1964 } ## end if ($val ne $old_watch...
1965 } ## end for (my $n = 0 ; $n <= ...
1966 } ## end if ($trace & 2)
1968 =head2 C<watchfunction()>
1970 C<watchfunction()> is a function that can be defined by the user; it is a
1971 function which will be run on each entry to C<DB::DB>; it gets the
1972 current package, filename, and line as its parameters.
1974 The watchfunction can do anything it likes; it is executing in the
1975 debugger's context, so it has access to all of the debugger's internal
1976 data structures and functions.
1978 C<watchfunction()> can control the debugger's actions. Any of the following
1979 will cause the debugger to return control to the user's program after
1980 C<watchfunction()> executes:
1986 Returning a false value from the C<watchfunction()> itself.
1990 Altering C<$single> to a false value.
1994 Altering C<$signal> to a false value.
1998 Turning off the C<4> bit in C<$trace> (this also disables the
1999 check for C<watchfunction()>. This can be done with
2007 # If there's a user-defined DB::watchfunction, call it with the
2008 # current package, filename, and line. The function executes in
2010 if ( $trace & 4 ) { # User-installed watch
2012 if watchfunction( $package, $filename, $line )
2015 and not( $trace & ~4 );
2016 } ## end if ($trace & 4)
2018 # Pick up any alteration to $signal in the watchfunction, and
2019 # turn off the signal now.
2020 $was_signal = $signal;
2023 =head2 GETTING READY TO EXECUTE COMMANDS
2025 The debugger decides to take control if single-step mode is on, the
2026 C<t> command was entered, or the user generated a signal. If the program
2027 has fallen off the end, we set things up so that entering further commands
2028 won't cause trouble, and we say that the program is over.
2032 # Check to see if we should grab control ($single true,
2033 # trace set appropriately, or we got a signal).
2034 if ( $single || ( $trace & 1 ) || $was_signal ) {
2036 # Yes, grab control.
2037 if ($slave_editor) {
2039 # Tell the editor to update its position.
2040 $position = "\032\032$filename:$line:0\n";
2041 print_lineinfo($position);
2046 Special check: if we're in package C<DB::fake>, we've gone through the
2047 C<END> block at least once. We set up everything so that we can continue
2048 to enter commands and have a valid context to be in.
2052 elsif ( $package eq 'DB::fake' ) {
2054 # Fallen off the end already.
2057 Debugged program terminated. Use B<q> to quit or B<R> to restart,
2058 use B<o> I<inhibit_exit> to avoid stopping after program termination,
2059 B<h q>, B<h R> or B<h o> to get additional info.
2062 # Set the DB::eval context appropriately.
2065 '($@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W) = @saved;'
2066 . "package $package;"; # this won't let them modify, alas
2067 } ## end elsif ($package eq 'DB::fake')
2071 If the program hasn't finished executing, we scan forward to the
2072 next executable line, print that out, build the prompt from the file and line
2073 number information, and print that.
2079 # Still somewhere in the midst of execution. Set up the
2081 $sub =~ s/\'/::/; # Swap Perl 4 package separators (') to
2082 # Perl 5 ones (sorry, we don't print Klingon
2085 $prefix = $sub =~ /::/ ? "" : "${'package'}::";
2086 $prefix .= "$sub($filename:";
2087 $after = ( $dbline[$line] =~ /\n$/ ? '' : "\n" );
2089 # Break up the prompt if it's really long.
2090 if ( length($prefix) > 30 ) {
2091 $position = "$prefix$line):\n$line:\t$dbline[$line]$after";
2097 $position = "$prefix$line$infix$dbline[$line]$after";
2100 # Print current line info, indenting if necessary.
2102 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth,
2103 "$line:\t$dbline[$line]$after" );
2106 print_lineinfo($position);
2109 # Scan forward, stopping at either the end or the next
2111 for ( $i = $line + 1 ; $i <= $max && $dbline[$i] == 0 ; ++$i )
2114 # Drop out on null statements, block closers, and comments.
2115 last if $dbline[$i] =~ /^\s*[\;\}\#\n]/;
2117 # Drop out if the user interrupted us.
2120 # Append a newline if the line doesn't have one. Can happen
2121 # in eval'ed text, for instance.
2122 $after = ( $dbline[$i] =~ /\n$/ ? '' : "\n" );
2124 # Next executable line.
2125 $incr_pos = "$prefix$i$infix$dbline[$i]$after";
2126 $position .= $incr_pos;
2129 # Print it indented if tracing is on.
2130 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth,
2131 "$i:\t$dbline[$i]$after" );
2134 print_lineinfo($incr_pos);
2136 } ## end for ($i = $line + 1 ; $i...
2137 } ## end else [ if ($slave_editor)
2138 } ## end if ($single || ($trace...
2142 If there's an action to be executed for the line we stopped at, execute it.
2143 If there are any preprompt actions, execute those as well.
2147 # If there's an action, do it now.
2148 $evalarg = $action, &eval if $action;
2150 # Are we nested another level (e.g., did we evaluate a function
2151 # that had a breakpoint in it at the debugger prompt)?
2152 if ( $single || $was_signal ) {
2154 # Yes, go down a level.
2155 local $level = $level + 1;
2157 # Do any pre-prompt actions.
2158 foreach $evalarg (@$pre) {
2162 # Complain about too much recursion if we passed the limit.
2163 print $OUT $stack_depth . " levels deep in subroutine calls!\n"
2166 # The line we're currently on. Set $incr to -1 to stay here
2167 # until we get a command that tells us to advance.
2169 $incr = -1; # for backward motion.
2171 # Tack preprompt debugger actions ahead of any actual input.
2172 @typeahead = ( @$pretype, @typeahead );
2174 =head2 WHERE ARE WE?
2176 XXX Relocate this section?
2178 The debugger normally shows the line corresponding to the current line of
2179 execution. Sometimes, though, we want to see the next line, or to move elsewhere
2180 in the file. This is done via the C<$incr>, C<$start>, and C<$max> variables.
2182 C<$incr> controls by how many lines the I<current> line should move forward
2183 after a command is executed. If set to -1, this indicates that the I<current>
2184 line shouldn't change.
2186 C<$start> is the I<current> line. It is used for things like knowing where to
2187 move forwards or backwards from when doing an C<L> or C<-> command.
2189 C<$max> tells the debugger where the last line of the current file is. It's
2190 used to terminate loops most often.
2192 =head2 THE COMMAND LOOP
2194 Most of C<DB::DB> is actually a command parsing and dispatch loop. It comes
2201 The outer part of the loop, starting at the C<CMD> label. This loop
2202 reads a command and then executes it.
2206 The inner part of the loop, starting at the C<PIPE> label. This part
2207 is wholly contained inside the C<CMD> block and only executes a command.
2208 Used to handle commands running inside a pager.
2212 So why have two labels to restart the loop? Because sometimes, it's easier to
2213 have a command I<generate> another command and then re-execute the loop to do
2214 the new command. This is faster, but perhaps a bit more convoluted.
2218 # The big command dispatch loop. It keeps running until the
2219 # user yields up control again.
2221 # If we have a terminal for input, and we get something back
2222 # from readline(), keep on processing.
2226 # We have a terminal, or can get one ...
2227 ( $term || &setterm ),
2229 # ... and it belogs to this PID or we get one for this PID ...
2230 ( $term_pid == $$ or resetterm(1) ),
2232 # ... and we got a line of command input ...
2235 "$pidprompt $tid DB"
2238 . ( '>' x $level ) . " "
2245 # ... try to execute the input as debugger commands.
2247 # Don't stop running.
2250 # No signal is active.
2253 # Handle continued commands (ending with \):
2254 $cmd =~ s/\\$/\n/ && do {
2255 $cmd .= &readline(" cont: ");
2259 =head4 The null command
2261 A newline entered by itself means I<re-execute the last command>. We grab the
2262 command out of C<$laststep> (where it was recorded previously), and copy it
2263 back into C<$cmd> to be executed below. If there wasn't any previous command,
2264 we'll do nothing below (no command will match). If there was, we also save it
2265 in the command history and fall through to allow the command parsing to pick
2270 # Empty input means repeat the last command.
2271 $cmd =~ /^$/ && ( $cmd = $laststep );
2272 chomp($cmd); # get rid of the annoying extra newline
2273 push( @hist, $cmd ) if length($cmd) > 1;
2274 push( @truehist, $cmd );
2278 # This is a restart point for commands that didn't arrive
2279 # via direct user input. It allows us to 'redo PIPE' to
2280 # re-execute command processing without reading a new command.
2282 $cmd =~ s/^\s+//s; # trim annoying leading whitespace
2283 $cmd =~ s/\s+$//s; # trim annoying trailing whitespace
2284 ($i) = split( /\s+/, $cmd );
2286 =head3 COMMAND ALIASES
2288 The debugger can create aliases for commands (these are stored in the
2289 C<%alias> hash). Before a command is executed, the command loop looks it up
2290 in the alias hash and substitutes the contents of the alias for the command,
2291 completely replacing it.
2295 # See if there's an alias for the command, and set it up if so.
2298 # Squelch signal handling; we want to keep control here
2299 # if something goes loco during the alias eval.
2300 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2301 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2303 # This is a command, so we eval it in the DEBUGGER's
2304 # scope! Otherwise, we can't see the special debugger
2305 # variables, or get to the debugger's subs. (Well, we
2306 # _could_, but why make it even more complicated?)
2307 eval "\$cmd =~ $alias{$i}";
2310 print $OUT "Couldn't evaluate `$i' alias: $@";
2313 } ## end if ($alias{$i})
2315 =head3 MAIN-LINE COMMANDS
2317 All of these commands work up to and after the program being debugged has
2322 Quit the debugger. This entails setting the C<$fall_off_end> flag, so we don't
2323 try to execute further, cleaning any restart-related stuff out of the
2324 environment, and executing with the last value of C<$?>.
2328 $cmd =~ /^q$/ && do {
2336 Turn tracing on or off. Inverts the appropriate bit in C<$trace> (q.v.).
2340 $cmd =~ /^t$/ && do {
2343 print $OUT "Trace = "
2344 . ( ( $trace & 1 ) ? "on" : "off" ) . "\n";
2348 =head4 C<S> - list subroutines matching/not matching a pattern
2350 Walks through C<%sub>, checking to see whether or not to print the name.
2354 $cmd =~ /^S(\s+(!)?(.+))?$/ && do {
2356 $Srev = defined $2; # Reverse scan?
2357 $Spatt = $3; # The pattern (if any) to use.
2358 $Snocheck = !defined $1; # No args - print all subs.
2360 # Need to make these sane here.
2364 # Search through the debugger's magical hash of subs.
2365 # If $nocheck is true, just print the sub name.
2366 # Otherwise, check it against the pattern. We then use
2367 # the XOR trick to reverse the condition as required.
2368 foreach $subname ( sort( keys %sub ) ) {
2369 if ( $Snocheck or $Srev ^ ( $subname =~ /$Spatt/ ) ) {
2370 print $OUT $subname, "\n";
2376 =head4 C<X> - list variables in current package
2378 Since the C<V> command actually processes this, just change this to the
2379 appropriate C<V> command and fall through.
2383 $cmd =~ s/^X\b/V $package/;
2385 =head4 C<V> - list variables
2387 Uses C<dumpvar.pl> to dump out the current values for selected variables.
2391 # Bare V commands get the currently-being-debugged package
2393 $cmd =~ /^V$/ && do {
2394 $cmd = "V $package";
2397 # V - show variables in package.
2398 $cmd =~ /^V\b\s*(\S+)\s*(.*)/ && do {
2400 # Save the currently selected filehandle and
2401 # force output to debugger's filehandle (dumpvar
2402 # just does "print" for output).
2403 local ($savout) = select($OUT);
2405 # Grab package name and variables to dump.
2407 @vars = split( ' ', $2 );
2409 # If main::dumpvar isn't here, get it.
2410 do 'dumpvar.pl' || die $@ unless defined &main::dumpvar;
2411 if ( defined &main::dumpvar ) {
2413 # We got it. Turn off subroutine entry/exit messages
2414 # for the moment, along with return values.
2418 # must detect sigpipe failures - not catching
2419 # then will cause the debugger to die.
2423 defined $option{dumpDepth}
2424 ? $option{dumpDepth}
2425 : -1, # assume -1 unless specified
2430 # The die doesn't need to include the $@, because
2431 # it will automatically get propagated for us.
2433 die unless $@ =~ /dumpvar print failed/;
2435 } ## end if (defined &main::dumpvar)
2438 # Couldn't load dumpvar.
2439 print $OUT "dumpvar.pl not available.\n";
2442 # Restore the output filehandle, and go round again.
2447 =head4 C<x> - evaluate and print an expression
2449 Hands the expression off to C<DB::eval>, setting it up to print the value
2450 via C<dumpvar.pl> instead of just printing it directly.
2454 $cmd =~ s/^x\b/ / && do { # Remainder gets done by DB::eval()
2455 $onetimeDump = 'dump'; # main::dumpvar shows the output
2457 # handle special "x 3 blah" syntax XXX propagate
2458 # doc back to special variables.
2459 if ( $cmd =~ s/^\s*(\d+)(?=\s)/ / ) {
2460 $onetimedumpDepth = $1;
2464 =head4 C<m> - print methods
2466 Just uses C<DB::methods> to determine what methods are available.
2470 $cmd =~ s/^m\s+([\w:]+)\s*$/ / && do {
2475 # m expr - set up DB::eval to do the work
2476 $cmd =~ s/^m\b/ / && do { # Rest gets done by DB::eval()
2477 $onetimeDump = 'methods'; # method output gets used there
2480 =head4 C<f> - switch files
2484 $cmd =~ /^f\b\s*(.*)/ && do {
2488 # help for no arguments (old-style was return from sub).
2491 "The old f command is now the r command.\n"; # hint
2492 print $OUT "The new f command switches filenames.\n";
2494 } ## end if (!$file)
2496 # if not in magic file list, try a close match.
2497 if ( !defined $main::{ '_<' . $file } ) {
2498 if ( ($try) = grep( m#^_<.*$file#, keys %main:: ) ) {
2500 $try = substr( $try, 2 );
2501 print $OUT "Choosing $try matching `$file':\n";
2504 } ## end if (($try) = grep(m#^_<.*$file#...
2505 } ## end if (!defined $main::{ ...
2507 # If not successfully switched now, we failed.
2508 if ( !defined $main::{ '_<' . $file } ) {
2509 print $OUT "No file matching `$file' is loaded.\n";
2513 # We switched, so switch the debugger internals around.
2514 elsif ( $file ne $filename ) {
2515 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $file };
2520 } ## end elsif ($file ne $filename)
2522 # We didn't switch; say we didn't.
2524 print $OUT "Already in $file.\n";
2529 =head4 C<.> - return to last-executed line.
2531 We set C<$incr> to -1 to indicate that the debugger shouldn't move ahead,
2532 and then we look up the line in the magical C<%dbline> hash.
2537 $cmd =~ /^\.$/ && do {
2538 $incr = -1; # stay at current line
2540 # Reset everything to the old location.
2542 $filename = $filename_ini;
2543 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
2547 print_lineinfo($position);
2551 =head4 C<-> - back one window
2553 We change C<$start> to be one window back; if we go back past the first line,
2554 we set it to be the first line. We ser C<$incr> to put us back at the
2555 currently-executing line, and then put a C<l $start +> (list one window from
2556 C<$start>) in C<$cmd> to be executed later.
2560 # - - back a window.
2561 $cmd =~ /^-$/ && do {
2563 # back up by a window; go to 1 if back too far.
2564 $start -= $incr + $window + 1;
2565 $start = 1 if $start <= 0;
2566 $incr = $window - 1;
2568 # Generate and execute a "l +" command (handled below).
2569 $cmd = 'l ' . ($start) . '+';
2572 =head3 PRE-580 COMMANDS VS. NEW COMMANDS: C<a, A, b, B, h, l, L, M, o, O, P, v, w, W, E<lt>, E<lt>E<lt>, {, {{>
2574 In Perl 5.8.0, a realignment of the commands was done to fix up a number of
2575 problems, most notably that the default case of several commands destroying
2576 the user's work in setting watchpoints, actions, etc. We wanted, however, to
2577 retain the old commands for those who were used to using them or who preferred
2578 them. At this point, we check for the new commands and call C<cmd_wrapper> to
2579 deal with them instead of processing them in-line.
2583 # All of these commands were remapped in perl 5.8.0;
2584 # we send them off to the secondary dispatcher (see below).
2585 $cmd =~ /^([aAbBeEhilLMoOPvwW]\b|[<>\{]{1,2})\s*(.*)/so && do {
2586 &cmd_wrapper( $1, $2, $line );
2590 =head4 C<y> - List lexicals in higher scope
2592 Uses C<PadWalker> to find the lexicals supplied as arguments in a scope
2593 above the current one and then displays then using C<dumpvar.pl>.
2597 $cmd =~ /^y(?:\s+(\d*)\s*(.*))?$/ && do {
2599 # See if we've got the necessary support.
2600 eval { require PadWalker; PadWalker->VERSION(0.08) }
2603 ? "PadWalker module not found - please install\n"
2608 # Load up dumpvar if we don't have it. If we can, that is.
2609 do 'dumpvar.pl' || die $@ unless defined &main::dumpvar;
2610 defined &main::dumpvar
2611 or print $OUT "dumpvar.pl not available.\n"
2614 # Got all the modules we need. Find them and print them.
2615 my @vars = split( ' ', $2 || '' );
2618 my $h = eval { PadWalker::peek_my( ( $1 || 0 ) + 1 ) };
2620 # Oops. Can't find it.
2621 $@ and $@ =~ s/ at .*//, &warn($@), next CMD;
2623 # Show the desired vars with dumplex().
2624 my $savout = select($OUT);
2626 # Have dumplex dump the lexicals.
2627 dumpvar::dumplex( $_, $h->{$_},
2628 defined $option{dumpDepth} ? $option{dumpDepth} : -1,
2635 =head3 COMMANDS NOT WORKING AFTER PROGRAM ENDS
2637 All of the commands below this point don't work after the program being
2638 debugged has ended. All of them check to see if the program has ended; this
2639 allows the commands to be relocated without worrying about a 'line of
2640 demarcation' above which commands can be entered anytime, and below which
2643 =head4 C<n> - single step, but don't trace down into subs
2645 Done by setting C<$single> to 2, which forces subs to execute straight through
2646 when entered (see C<DB::sub>). We also save the C<n> command in C<$laststep>,
2647 so a null command knows what to re-execute.
2652 $cmd =~ /^n$/ && do {
2653 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2655 # Single step, but don't enter subs.
2658 # Save for empty command (repeat last).
2663 =head4 C<s> - single-step, entering subs
2665 Sets C<$single> to 1, which causes C<DB::sub> to continue tracing inside
2666 subs. Also saves C<s> as C<$lastcmd>.
2671 $cmd =~ /^s$/ && do {
2673 # Get out and restart the command loop if program
2675 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2677 # Single step should enter subs.
2680 # Save for empty command (repeat last).
2685 =head4 C<c> - run continuously, setting an optional breakpoint
2687 Most of the code for this command is taken up with locating the optional
2688 breakpoint, which is either a subroutine name or a line number. We set
2689 the appropriate one-time-break in C<@dbline> and then turn off single-stepping
2690 in this and all call levels above this one.
2694 # c - start continuous execution.
2695 $cmd =~ /^c\b\s*([\w:]*)\s*$/ && do {
2697 # Hey, show's over. The debugged program finished
2698 # executing already.
2699 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2701 # Capture the place to put a one-time break.
2704 # Probably not needed, since we finish an interactive
2705 # sub-session anyway...
2706 # local $filename = $filename;
2707 # local *dbline = *dbline; # XXX Would this work?!
2709 # The above question wonders if localizing the alias
2710 # to the magic array works or not. Since it's commented
2711 # out, we'll just leave that to speculation for now.
2713 # If the "subname" isn't all digits, we'll assume it
2714 # is a subroutine name, and try to find it.
2715 if ( $subname =~ /\D/ ) { # subroutine name
2716 # Qualify it to the current package unless it's
2717 # already qualified.
2718 $subname = $package . "::" . $subname
2719 unless $subname =~ /::/;
2721 # find_sub will return "file:line_number" corresponding
2722 # to where the subroutine is defined; we call find_sub,
2723 # break up the return value, and assign it in one
2725 ( $file, $i ) = ( find_sub($subname) =~ /^(.*):(.*)$/ );
2727 # Force the line number to be numeric.
2730 # If we got a line number, we found the sub.
2733 # Switch all the debugger's internals around so
2734 # we're actually working with that file.
2736 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
2738 # Mark that there's a breakpoint in this file.
2739 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 1;
2741 # Scan forward to the first executable line
2742 # after the 'sub whatever' line.
2744 ++$i while $dbline[$i] == 0 && $i < $max;
2747 # We didn't find a sub by that name.
2749 print $OUT "Subroutine $subname not found.\n";
2752 } ## end if ($subname =~ /\D/)
2754 # At this point, either the subname was all digits (an
2755 # absolute line-break request) or we've scanned through
2756 # the code following the definition of the sub, looking
2757 # for an executable, which we may or may not have found.
2759 # If $i (which we set $subname from) is non-zero, we
2760 # got a request to break at some line somewhere. On
2761 # one hand, if there wasn't any real subroutine name
2762 # involved, this will be a request to break in the current
2763 # file at the specified line, so we have to check to make
2764 # sure that the line specified really is breakable.
2766 # On the other hand, if there was a subname supplied, the
2767 # preceding block has moved us to the proper file and
2768 # location within that file, and then scanned forward
2769 # looking for the next executable line. We have to make
2770 # sure that one was found.
2772 # On the gripping hand, we can't do anything unless the
2773 # current value of $i points to a valid breakable line.
2778 if ( $dbline[$i] == 0 ) {
2779 print $OUT "Line $i not breakable.\n";
2783 # Yes. Set up the one-time-break sigil.
2784 $dbline{$i} =~ s/($|\0)/;9$1/; # add one-time-only b.p.
2787 # Turn off stack tracing from here up.
2788 for ( $i = 0 ; $i <= $stack_depth ; ) {
2789 $stack[ $i++ ] &= ~1;
2794 =head4 C<r> - return from a subroutine
2796 For C<r> to work properly, the debugger has to stop execution again
2797 immediately after the return is executed. This is done by forcing
2798 single-stepping to be on in the call level above the current one. If
2799 we are printing return values when a C<r> is executed, set C<$doret>
2800 appropriately, and force us out of the command loop.
2804 # r - return from the current subroutine.
2805 $cmd =~ /^r$/ && do {
2807 # Can't do anythign if the program's over.
2808 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2810 # Turn on stack trace.
2811 $stack[$stack_depth] |= 1;
2813 # Print return value unless the stack is empty.
2814 $doret = $option{PrintRet} ? $stack_depth - 1 : -2;
2818 =head4 C<T> - stack trace
2820 Just calls C<DB::print_trace>.
2824 $cmd =~ /^T$/ && do {
2825 print_trace( $OUT, 1 ); # skip DB
2829 =head4 C<w> - List window around current line.
2831 Just calls C<DB::cmd_w>.
2835 $cmd =~ /^w\b\s*(.*)/s && do { &cmd_w( 'w', $1 ); next CMD; };
2837 =head4 C<W> - watch-expression processing.
2839 Just calls C<DB::cmd_W>.
2843 $cmd =~ /^W\b\s*(.*)/s && do { &cmd_W( 'W', $1 ); next CMD; };
2845 =head4 C</> - search forward for a string in the source
2847 We take the argument and treat it as a pattern. If it turns out to be a
2848 bad one, we return the error we got from trying to C<eval> it and exit.
2849 If not, we create some code to do the search and C<eval> it so it can't
2854 $cmd =~ /^\/(.*)$/ && do {
2856 # The pattern as a string.
2859 # Remove the final slash.
2860 $inpat =~ s:([^\\])/$:$1:;
2862 # If the pattern isn't null ...
2863 if ( $inpat ne "" ) {
2865 # Turn of warn and die procesing for a bit.
2866 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2867 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2869 # Create the pattern.
2870 eval '$inpat =~ m' . "\a$inpat\a";
2873 # Oops. Bad pattern. No biscuit.
2874 # Print the eval error and go back for more
2880 } ## end if ($inpat ne "")
2882 # Set up to stop on wrap-around.
2885 # Don't move off the current line.
2888 # Done in eval so nothing breaks if the pattern
2889 # does something weird.
2892 # Move ahead one line.
2895 # Wrap if we pass the last line.
2896 $start = 1 if ($start > $max);
2898 # Stop if we have gotten back to this line again,
2899 last if ($start == $end);
2901 # A hit! (Note, though, that we are doing
2902 # case-insensitive matching. Maybe a qr//
2903 # expression would be better, so the user could
2904 # do case-sensitive matching if desired.
2905 if ($dbline[$start] =~ m' . "\a$pat\a" . 'i) {
2906 if ($slave_editor) {
2907 # Handle proper escaping in the slave.
2908 print $OUT "\032\032$filename:$start:0\n";
2911 # Just print the line normally.
2912 print $OUT "$start:\t",$dbline[$start],"\n";
2914 # And quit since we found something.
2919 # If we wrapped, there never was a match.
2920 print $OUT "/$pat/: not found\n" if ( $start == $end );
2924 =head4 C<?> - search backward for a string in the source
2926 Same as for C</>, except the loop runs backwards.
2930 # ? - backward pattern search.
2931 $cmd =~ /^\?(.*)$/ && do {
2933 # Get the pattern, remove trailing question mark.
2935 $inpat =~ s:([^\\])\?$:$1:;
2937 # If we've got one ...
2938 if ( $inpat ne "" ) {
2940 # Turn off die & warn handlers.
2941 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2942 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2943 eval '$inpat =~ m' . "\a$inpat\a";
2947 # Ouch. Not good. Print the error.
2952 } ## end if ($inpat ne "")
2954 # Where we are now is where to stop after wraparound.
2957 # Don't move away from this line.
2960 # Search inside the eval to prevent pattern badness
2967 # Wrap if we pass the first line.
2969 $start = $max if ($start <= 0);
2971 # Quit if we get back where we started,
2972 last if ($start == $end);
2975 if ($dbline[$start] =~ m' . "\a$pat\a" . 'i) {
2976 if ($slave_editor) {
2977 # Yep, follow slave editor requirements.
2978 print $OUT "\032\032$filename:$start:0\n";
2981 # Yep, just print normally.
2982 print $OUT "$start:\t",$dbline[$start],"\n";
2990 # Say we failed if the loop never found anything,
2991 print $OUT "?$pat?: not found\n" if ( $start == $end );
2995 =head4 C<$rc> - Recall command
2997 Manages the commands in C<@hist> (which is created if C<Term::ReadLine> reports
2998 that the terminal supports history). It find the the command required, puts it
2999 into C<$cmd>, and redoes the loop to execute it.
3003 # $rc - recall command.
3004 $cmd =~ /^$rc+\s*(-)?(\d+)?$/ && do {
3006 # No arguments, take one thing off history.
3007 pop(@hist) if length($cmd) > 1;
3009 # Relative (- found)?
3010 # Y - index back from most recent (by 1 if bare minus)
3011 # N - go to that particular command slot or the last
3012 # thing if nothing following.
3013 $i = $1 ? ( $#hist - ( $2 || 1 ) ) : ( $2 || $#hist );
3015 # Pick out the command desired.
3018 # Print the command to be executed and restart the loop
3019 # with that command in the buffer.
3020 print $OUT $cmd, "\n";
3024 =head4 C<$sh$sh> - C<system()> command
3026 Calls the C<DB::system()> to handle the command. This keeps the C<STDIN> and
3027 C<STDOUT> from getting messed up.
3031 # $sh$sh - run a shell command (if it's all ASCII).
3032 # Can't run shell commands with Unicode in the debugger, hmm.
3033 $cmd =~ /^$sh$sh\s*([\x00-\xff]*)/ && do {
3040 =head4 C<$rc I<pattern> $rc> - Search command history
3042 Another command to manipulate C<@hist>: this one searches it with a pattern.
3043 If a command is found, it is placed in C<$cmd> and executed via C<redo>.
3047 # $rc pattern $rc - find a command in the history.
3048 $cmd =~ /^$rc([^$rc].*)$/ && do {
3050 # Create the pattern to use.
3053 # Toss off last entry if length is >1 (and it always is).
3054 pop(@hist) if length($cmd) > 1;
3056 # Look backward through the history.
3057 for ( $i = $#hist ; $i ; --$i ) {
3059 # Stop if we find it.
3060 last if $hist[$i] =~ /$pat/;
3066 print $OUT "No such command!\n\n";
3070 # Found it. Put it in the buffer, print it, and process it.
3072 print $OUT $cmd, "\n";
3076 =head4 C<$sh> - Invoke a shell
3078 Uses C<DB::system> to invoke a shell.
3082 # $sh - start a shell.
3083 $cmd =~ /^$sh$/ && do {
3085 # Run the user's shell. If none defined, run Bourne.
3086 # We resume execution when the shell terminates.
3087 &system( $ENV{SHELL} || "/bin/sh" );
3091 =head4 C<$sh I<command>> - Force execution of a command in a shell
3093 Like the above, but the command is passed to the shell. Again, we use
3094 C<DB::system> to avoid problems with C<STDIN> and C<STDOUT>.
3098 # $sh command - start a shell and run a command in it.
3099 $cmd =~ /^$sh\s*([\x00-\xff]*)/ && do {
3101 # XXX: using csh or tcsh destroys sigint retvals!
3102 #&system($1); # use this instead
3104 # use the user's shell, or Bourne if none defined.
3105 &system( $ENV{SHELL} || "/bin/sh", "-c", $1 );
3109 =head4 C<H> - display commands in history
3111 Prints the contents of C<@hist> (if any).
3115 $cmd =~ /^H\b\s*\*/ && do {
3116 @hist = @truehist = ();
3117 print $OUT "History cleansed\n";
3121 $cmd =~ /^H\b\s*(-(\d+))?/ && do {
3123 # Anything other than negative numbers is ignored by
3124 # the (incorrect) pattern, so this test does nothing.
3125 $end = $2 ? ( $#hist - $2 ) : 0;
3127 # Set to the minimum if less than zero.
3128 $hist = 0 if $hist < 0;
3130 # Start at the end of the array.
3131 # Stay in while we're still above the ending value.
3132 # Tick back by one each time around the loop.
3133 for ( $i = $#hist ; $i > $end ; $i-- ) {
3135 # Print the command unless it has no arguments.
3136 print $OUT "$i: ", $hist[$i], "\n"
3137 unless $hist[$i] =~ /^.?$/;
3142 =head4 C<man, doc, perldoc> - look up documentation
3144 Just calls C<runman()> to print the appropriate document.
3148 # man, perldoc, doc - show manual pages.
3149 $cmd =~ /^(?:man|(?:perl)?doc)\b(?:\s+([^(]*))?$/ && do {
3156 Builds a C<print EXPR> expression in the C<$cmd>; this will get executed at
3157 the bottom of the loop.
3161 # p - print (no args): print $_.
3162 $cmd =~ s/^p$/print {\$DB::OUT} \$_/;
3164 # p - print the given expression.
3165 $cmd =~ s/^p\b/print {\$DB::OUT} /;
3167 =head4 C<=> - define command alias
3169 Manipulates C<%alias> to add or list command aliases.
3173 # = - set up a command alias.
3174 $cmd =~ s/^=\s*// && do {
3176 if ( length $cmd == 0 ) {
3178 # No args, get current aliases.
3179 @keys = sort keys %alias;
3181 elsif ( my ( $k, $v ) = ( $cmd =~ /^(\S+)\s+(\S.*)/ ) ) {
3183 # Creating a new alias. $k is alias name, $v is
3186 # can't use $_ or kill //g state
3187 for my $x ( $k, $v ) {
3189 # Escape "alarm" characters.
3193 # Substitute key for value, using alarm chars
3194 # as separators (which is why we escaped them in
3196 $alias{$k} = "s\a$k\a$v\a";
3198 # Turn off standard warn and die behavior.
3199 local $SIG{__DIE__};
3200 local $SIG{__WARN__};
3203 unless ( eval "sub { s\a$k\a$v\a }; 1" ) {
3205 # Nope. Bad alias. Say so and get out.
3206 print $OUT "Can't alias $k to $v: $@\n";
3211 # We'll only list the new one.
3213 } ## end elsif (my ($k, $v) = ($cmd...
3215 # The argument is the alias to list.
3223 # Messy metaquoting: Trim the substiution code off.
3224 # We use control-G as the delimiter because it's not
3225 # likely to appear in the alias.
3226 if ( ( my $v = $alias{$k} ) =~ s
\as\a$k\a(.*)\a$
\a1
\a ) {
3229 print $OUT "$k\t= $1\n";
3231 elsif ( defined $alias{$k} ) {
3233 # Couldn't trim it off; just print the alias code.
3234 print $OUT "$k\t$alias{$k}\n";
3239 print "No alias for $k\n";
3241 } ## end for my $k (@keys)
3245 =head4 C<source> - read commands from a file.
3247 Opens a lexical filehandle and stacks it on C<@cmdfhs>; C<DB::readline> will
3252 # source - read commands from a file (or pipe!) and execute.
3253 $cmd =~ /^source\s+(.*\S)/ && do {
3254 if ( open my $fh, $1 ) {
3256 # Opened OK; stick it in the list of file handles.
3262 &warn("Can't execute `$1': $!\n");
3267 =head4 C<save> - send current history to a file
3269 Takes the complete history, (not the shrunken version you see with C<H>),
3270 and saves it to the given filename, so it can be replayed using C<source>.
3272 Note that all C<^(save|source)>'s are commented out with a view to minimise recursion.
3276 # save source - write commands to a file for later use
3277 $cmd =~ /^save\s*(.*)$/ && do {
3278 my $file = $1 || '.perl5dbrc'; # default?
3279 if ( open my $fh, "> $file" ) {
3281 # chomp to remove extraneous newlines from source'd files
3282 chomp( my @truelist =
3283 map { m/^\s*(save|source)/ ? "#$_" : $_ }
3285 print $fh join( "\n", @truelist );
3286 print "commands saved in $file\n";
3289 &warn("Can't save debugger commands in '$1': $!\n");
3294 =head4 C<R> - restart
3296 Restart the debugger session.
3298 =head4 C<rerun> - rerun the current session
3300 Return to any given position in the B<true>-history list
3304 # R - restart execution.
3305 # rerun - controlled restart execution.
3306 $cmd =~ /^(R|rerun\s*(.*))$/ && do {
3307 my @args = ($1 eq 'R' ? restart() : rerun($2));
3309 # Close all non-system fds for a clean restart. A more
3310 # correct method would be to close all fds that were not
3311 # open when the process started, but this seems to be
3312 # hard. See "debugger 'R'estart and open database
3313 # connections" on p5p.
3315 my $max_fd = 1024; # default if POSIX can't be loaded
3316 if (eval { require POSIX }) {
3317 $max_fd = POSIX::sysconf(POSIX::_SC_OPEN_MAX());
3320 if (defined $max_fd) {
3321 foreach ($^F+1 .. $max_fd-1) {
3322 next unless open FD_TO_CLOSE, "<&=$_";
3327 # And run Perl again. We use exec() to keep the
3328 # PID stable (and that way $ini_pids is still valid).
3329 exec(@args) || print $OUT "exec failed: $!\n";
3334 =head4 C<|, ||> - pipe output through the pager.
3336 For C<|>, we save C<OUT> (the debugger's output filehandle) and C<STDOUT>
3337 (the program's standard output). For C<||>, we only save C<OUT>. We open a
3338 pipe to the pager (restoring the output filehandles if this fails). If this
3339 is the C<|> command, we also set up a C<SIGPIPE> handler which will simply
3340 set C<$signal>, sending us back into the debugger.
3342 We then trim off the pipe symbols and C<redo> the command loop at the
3343 C<PIPE> label, causing us to evaluate the command in C<$cmd> without
3348 # || - run command in the pager, with output to DB::OUT.
3349 $cmd =~ /^\|\|?\s*[^|]/ && do {
3350 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
3352 # Default pager is into a pipe. Redirect I/O.
3353 open( SAVEOUT, ">&STDOUT" )
3354 || &warn("Can't save STDOUT");
3355 open( STDOUT, ">&OUT" )
3356 || &warn("Can't redirect STDOUT");
3357 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
3360 # Not into a pipe. STDOUT is safe.
3361 open( SAVEOUT, ">&OUT" ) || &warn("Can't save DB::OUT");
3364 # Fix up environment to record we have less if so.
3367 unless ( $piped = open( OUT, $pager ) ) {
3369 # Couldn't open pipe to pager.
3370 &warn("Can't pipe output to `$pager'");
3371 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
3373 # Redirect I/O back again.
3374 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) # XXX: lost message
3375 || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3376 open( STDOUT, ">&SAVEOUT" )
3377 || &warn("Can't restore STDOUT");
3379 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
3382 # Redirect I/O. STDOUT already safe.
3383 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) # XXX: lost message
3384 || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3387 } ## end unless ($piped = open(OUT,...
3389 # Set up broken-pipe handler if necessary.
3390 $SIG{PIPE} = \&DB::catch
3392 && ( "" eq $SIG{PIPE} || "DEFAULT" eq $SIG{PIPE} );
3394 # Save current filehandle, unbuffer out, and put it back.
3395 $selected = select(OUT);
3398 # Don't put it back if pager was a pipe.
3399 select($selected), $selected = "" unless $cmd =~ /^\|\|/;
3401 # Trim off the pipe symbols and run the command now.
3402 $cmd =~ s/^\|+\s*//;
3406 =head3 END OF COMMAND PARSING
3408 Anything left in C<$cmd> at this point is a Perl expression that we want to
3409 evaluate. We'll always evaluate in the user's context, and fully qualify
3410 any variables we might want to address in the C<DB> package.
3414 # t - turn trace on.
3415 $cmd =~ s/^t\s/\$DB::trace |= 1;\n/;
3417 # s - single-step. Remember the last command was 's'.
3418 $cmd =~ s/^s\s/\$DB::single = 1;\n/ && do { $laststep = 's' };
3420 # n - single-step, but not into subs. Remember last command
3422 $cmd =~ s/^n\s/\$DB::single = 2;\n/ && do { $laststep = 'n' };
3426 # Make sure the flag that says "the debugger's running" is
3427 # still on, to make sure we get control again.
3428 $evalarg = "\$^D = \$^D | \$DB::db_stop;\n$cmd";
3430 # Run *our* eval that executes in the caller's context.
3433 # Turn off the one-time-dump stuff now.
3435 $onetimeDump = undef;
3436 $onetimedumpDepth = undef;
3438 elsif ( $term_pid == $$ ) {
3439 eval { # May run under miniperl, when not available...
3444 # XXX If this is the master pid, print a newline.
3447 } ## end while (($term || &setterm...
3449 =head3 POST-COMMAND PROCESSING
3451 After each command, we check to see if the command output was piped anywhere.
3452 If so, we go through the necessary code to unhook the pipe and go back to
3453 our standard filehandles for input and output.
3459 # At the end of every command:
3462 # Unhook the pipe mechanism now.
3463 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
3465 # No error from the child.
3468 # we cannot warn here: the handle is missing --tchrist
3469 close(OUT) || print SAVEOUT "\nCan't close DB::OUT\n";
3471 # most of the $? crud was coping with broken cshisms
3472 # $? is explicitly set to 0, so this never runs.
3474 print SAVEOUT "Pager `$pager' failed: ";
3476 print SAVEOUT "shell returned -1\n";
3479 print SAVEOUT ( $? & 127 )
3480 ? " (SIG#" . ( $? & 127 ) . ")"
3481 : "", ( $? & 128 ) ? " -- core dumped" : "", "\n";
3484 print SAVEOUT "status ", ( $? >> 8 ), "\n";
3488 # Reopen filehandle for our output (if we can) and
3489 # restore STDOUT (if we can).
3490 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3491 open( STDOUT, ">&SAVEOUT" )
3492 || &warn("Can't restore STDOUT");
3494 # Turn off pipe exception handler if necessary.
3495 $SIG{PIPE} = "DEFAULT" if $SIG{PIPE} eq \&DB::catch;
3497 # Will stop ignoring SIGPIPE if done like nohup(1)
3498 # does SIGINT but Perl doesn't give us a choice.
3499 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
3502 # Non-piped "pager". Just restore STDOUT.
3503 open( OUT, ">&SAVEOUT" ) || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3506 # Close filehandle pager was using, restore the normal one
3509 select($selected), $selected = "" unless $selected eq "";
3513 } ## end if ($piped)
3516 =head3 COMMAND LOOP TERMINATION
3518 When commands have finished executing, we come here. If the user closed the
3519 input filehandle, we turn on C<$fall_off_end> to emulate a C<q> command. We
3520 evaluate any post-prompt items. We restore C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>,
3521 C<$\>, and C<$^W>, and return a null list as expected by the Perl interpreter.
3522 The interpreter will then execute the next line and then return control to us
3527 # No more commands? Quit.
3528 $fall_off_end = 1 unless defined $cmd; # Emulate `q' on EOF
3530 # Evaluate post-prompt commands.
3531 foreach $evalarg (@$post) {
3534 } # if ($single || $signal)
3536 # Put the user's globals back where you found them.
3537 ( $@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W ) = @saved;
3541 # The following code may be executed now:
3546 C<sub> is called whenever a subroutine call happens in the program being
3547 debugged. The variable C<$DB::sub> contains the name of the subroutine
3550 The core function of this subroutine is to actually call the sub in the proper
3551 context, capturing its output. This of course causes C<DB::DB> to get called
3552 again, repeating until the subroutine ends and returns control to C<DB::sub>
3553 again. Once control returns, C<DB::sub> figures out whether or not to dump the
3554 return value, and returns its captured copy of the return value as its own
3555 return value. The value then feeds back into the program being debugged as if
3556 C<DB::sub> hadn't been there at all.
3558 C<sub> does all the work of printing the subroutine entry and exit messages
3559 enabled by setting C<$frame>. It notes what sub the autoloader got called for,
3560 and also prints the return value if needed (for the C<r> command and if
3561 the 16 bit is set in C<$frame>).
3563 It also tracks the subroutine call depth by saving the current setting of
3564 C<$single> in the C<@stack> package global; if this exceeds the value in
3565 C<$deep>, C<sub> automatically turns on printing of the current depth by
3566 setting the C<4> bit in C<$single>. In any case, it keeps the current setting
3567 of stop/don't stop on entry to subs set as it currently is set.
3569 =head3 C<caller()> support
3571 If C<caller()> is called from the package C<DB>, it provides some
3572 additional data, in the following order:
3578 The package name the sub was in
3580 =item * C<$filename>
3582 The filename it was defined in
3586 The line number it was defined on
3588 =item * C<$subroutine>
3590 The subroutine name; C<(eval)> if an C<eval>().
3594 1 if it has arguments, 0 if not
3596 =item * C<$wantarray>
3598 1 if array context, 0 if scalar context
3600 =item * C<$evaltext>
3602 The C<eval>() text, if any (undefined for C<eval BLOCK>)
3604 =item * C<$is_require>
3606 frame was created by a C<use> or C<require> statement
3610 pragma information; subject to change between versions
3614 pragma information; subject to change between versions
3616 =item * C<@DB::args>
3618 arguments with which the subroutine was invoked
3626 # lock ourselves under threads
3629 # Whether or not the autoloader was running, a scalar to put the
3630 # sub's return value in (if needed), and an array to put the sub's
3631 # return value in (if needed).
3632 my ( $al, $ret, @ret ) = "";
3633 if ($sub =~ /^threads::new$/ && $ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
3634 print "creating new thread\n";
3637 # If the last ten characters are C'::AUTOLOAD', note we've traced
3638 # into AUTOLOAD for $sub.
3639 if ( length($sub) > 10 && substr( $sub, -10, 10 ) eq '::AUTOLOAD' ) {
3643 # We stack the stack pointer and then increment it to protect us
3644 # from a situation that might unwind a whole bunch of call frames
3645 # at once. Localizing the stack pointer means that it will automatically
3646 # unwind the same amount when multiple stack frames are unwound.
3647 local $stack_depth = $stack_depth + 1; # Protect from non-local exits
3650 $#stack = $stack_depth;
3652 # Save current single-step setting.
3653 $stack[-1] = $single;
3655 # Turn off all flags except single-stepping.
3658 # If we've gotten really deeply recursed, turn on the flag that will
3659 # make us stop with the 'deep recursion' message.
3660 $single |= 4 if $stack_depth == $deep;
3662 # If frame messages are on ...
3664 $frame & 4 # Extended frame entry message
3666 print_lineinfo( ' ' x ( $stack_depth - 1 ), "in " ),
3668 # Why -1? But it works! :-(
3669 # Because print_trace will call add 1 to it and then call
3670 # dump_trace; this results in our skipping -1+1 = 0 stack frames
3672 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3674 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x ( $stack_depth - 1 ), "entering $sub$al\n" )
3676 # standard frame entry message
3680 # Determine the sub's return type,and capture approppriately.
3683 # Called in array context. call sub and capture output.
3684 # DB::DB will recursively get control again if appropriate; we'll come
3685 # back here when the sub is finished.
3688 eval { @ret = &$sub; };
3691 $signal = 1 unless $warnassertions;
3698 # Pop the single-step value back off the stack.
3699 $single |= $stack[ $stack_depth-- ];
3701 # Check for exit trace messages...
3703 $frame & 4 # Extended exit message
3705 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "out " ),
3706 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3708 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "exited $sub$al\n" )
3710 # Standard exit message
3714 # Print the return info if we need to.
3715 if ( $doret eq $stack_depth or $frame & 16 ) {
3717 # Turn off output record separator.
3719 my $fh = ( $doret eq $stack_depth ? $OUT : $LINEINFO );
3721 # Indent if we're printing because of $frame tracing.
3722 print $fh ' ' x $stack_depth if $frame & 16;
3724 # Print the return value.
3725 print $fh "list context return from $sub:\n";
3726 dumpit( $fh, \@ret );
3728 # And don't print it again.
3730 } ## end if ($doret eq $stack_depth...
3731 # And we have to return the return value now.
3733 } ## end if (wantarray)
3741 # Save the value if it's wanted at all.
3746 $signal = 1 unless $warnassertions;
3748 $ret = undef unless defined wantarray;
3751 if ( defined wantarray ) {
3753 # Save the value if it's wanted at all.
3758 # Void return, explicitly.
3764 # Pop the single-step value off the stack.
3765 $single |= $stack[ $stack_depth-- ];
3767 # If we're doing exit messages...
3769 $frame & 4 # Extended messsages
3771 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "out " ),
3772 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3774 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "exited $sub$al\n" )
3780 # If we are supposed to show the return value... same as before.
3781 if ( $doret eq $stack_depth or $frame & 16 and defined wantarray ) {
3783 my $fh = ( $doret eq $stack_depth ? $OUT : $LINEINFO );
3784 print $fh ( ' ' x $stack_depth ) if $frame & 16;
3787 ? "scalar context return from $sub: "
3788 : "void context return from $sub\n"
3790 dumpit( $fh, $ret ) if defined wantarray;
3792 } ## end if ($doret eq $stack_depth...
3794 # Return the appropriate scalar value.
3796 } ## end else [ if (wantarray)
3799 =head1 EXTENDED COMMAND HANDLING AND THE COMMAND API
3801 In Perl 5.8.0, there was a major realignment of the commands and what they did,
3802 Most of the changes were to systematize the command structure and to eliminate
3803 commands that threw away user input without checking.
3805 The following sections describe the code added to make it easy to support
3806 multiple command sets with conflicting command names. This section is a start
3807 at unifying all command processing to make it simpler to develop commands.
3809 Note that all the cmd_[a-zA-Z] subroutines require the command name, a line
3810 number, and C<$dbline> (the current line) as arguments.
3812 Support functions in this section which have multiple modes of failure C<die>
3813 on error; the rest simply return a false value.
3815 The user-interface functions (all of the C<cmd_*> functions) just output
3820 The C<%set> hash defines the mapping from command letter to subroutine
3823 C<%set> is a two-level hash, indexed by set name and then by command name.
3824 Note that trying to set the CommandSet to C<foobar> simply results in the
3825 5.8.0 command set being used, since there's no top-level entry for C<foobar>.
3834 'A' => 'pre580_null',
3836 'B' => 'pre580_null',
3837 'd' => 'pre580_null',
3840 'M' => 'pre580_null',
3842 'o' => 'pre580_null',
3848 '<' => 'pre590_prepost',
3849 '<<' => 'pre590_prepost',
3850 '>' => 'pre590_prepost',
3851 '>>' => 'pre590_prepost',
3852 '{' => 'pre590_prepost',
3853 '{{' => 'pre590_prepost',
3857 =head2 C<cmd_wrapper()> (API)
3859 C<cmd_wrapper()> allows the debugger to switch command sets
3860 depending on the value of the C<CommandSet> option.
3862 It tries to look up the command in the C<%set> package-level I<lexical>
3863 (which means external entities can't fiddle with it) and create the name of
3864 the sub to call based on the value found in the hash (if it's there). I<All>
3865 of the commands to be handled in a set have to be added to C<%set>; if they
3866 aren't found, the 5.8.0 equivalent is called (if there is one).
3868 This code uses symbolic references.
3875 my $dblineno = shift;
3877 # Assemble the command subroutine's name by looking up the
3878 # command set and command name in %set. If we can't find it,
3879 # default to the older version of the command.
3881 . ( $set{$CommandSet}{$cmd}
3882 || ( $cmd =~ /^[<>{]+/o ? 'prepost' : $cmd ) );
3884 # Call the command subroutine, call it by name.
3885 return &$call( $cmd, $line, $dblineno );
3886 } ## end sub cmd_wrapper
3888 =head3 C<cmd_a> (command)
3890 The C<a> command handles pre-execution actions. These are associated with a
3891 particular line, so they're stored in C<%dbline>. We default to the current
3892 line if none is specified.
3898 my $line = shift || ''; # [.|line] expr
3901 # If it's dot (here), or not all digits, use the current line.
3902 $line =~ s/^(\.|(?:[^\d]))/$dbline/;
3904 # Should be a line number followed by an expression.
3905 if ( $line =~ /^\s*(\d*)\s*(\S.+)/ ) {
3906 my ( $lineno, $expr ) = ( $1, $2 );
3908 # If we have an expression ...
3909 if ( length $expr ) {
3911 # ... but the line isn't breakable, complain.
3912 if ( $dbline[$lineno] == 0 ) {
3914 "Line $lineno($dbline[$lineno]) does not have an action?\n";
3918 # It's executable. Record that the line has an action.
3919 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 2;
3921 # Remove any action, temp breakpoint, etc.
3922 $dbline{$lineno} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//;
3924 # Add the action to the line.
3925 $dbline{$lineno} .= "\0" . action($expr);
3927 } ## end if (length $expr)
3928 } ## end if ($line =~ /^\s*(\d*)\s*(\S.+)/)
3933 "Adding an action requires an optional lineno and an expression\n"
3938 =head3 C<cmd_A> (command)
3940 Delete actions. Similar to above, except the delete code is in a separate
3941 subroutine, C<delete_action>.
3947 my $line = shift || '';
3951 $line =~ s/^\./$dbline/;
3953 # Call delete_action with a null param to delete them all.
3954 # The '1' forces the eval to be true. It'll be false only
3955 # if delete_action blows up for some reason, in which case
3956 # we print $@ and get out.
3957 if ( $line eq '*' ) {
3958 eval { &delete_action(); 1 } or print $OUT $@ and return;
3961 # There's a real line number. Pass it to delete_action.
3962 # Error trapping is as above.
3963 elsif ( $line =~ /^(\S.*)/ ) {
3964 eval { &delete_action($1); 1 } or print $OUT $@ and return;
3967 # Swing and a miss. Bad syntax.
3970 "Deleting an action requires a line number, or '*' for all\n" ; # hint
3974 =head3 C<delete_action> (API)
3976 C<delete_action> accepts either a line number or C<undef>. If a line number
3977 is specified, we check for the line being executable (if it's not, it
3978 couldn't have had an action). If it is, we just take the action off (this
3979 will get any kind of an action, including breakpoints).
3985 if ( defined($i) ) {
3988 die "Line $i has no action .\n" if $dbline[$i] == 0;
3990 # Nuke whatever's there.
3991 $dbline{$i} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//; # \^a
3992 delete $dbline{$i} if $dbline{$i} eq '';
3995 print $OUT "Deleting all actions...\n";
3996 for my $file ( keys %had_breakpoints ) {
3997 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $file };
4000 for ( $i = 1 ; $i <= $max ; $i++ ) {
4001 if ( defined $dbline{$i} ) {
4002 $dbline{$i} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//;
4003 delete $dbline{$i} if $dbline{$i} eq '';
4005 unless ( $had_breakpoints{$file} &= ~2 ) {
4006 delete $had_breakpoints{$file};
4008 } ## end for ($i = 1 ; $i <= $max...
4009 } ## end for my $file (keys %had_breakpoints)
4010 } ## end else [ if (defined($i))
4011 } ## end sub delete_action
4013 =head3 C<cmd_b> (command)
4015 Set breakpoints. Since breakpoints can be set in so many places, in so many
4016 ways, conditionally or not, the breakpoint code is kind of complex. Mostly,
4017 we try to parse the command type, and then shuttle it off to an appropriate
4018 subroutine to actually do the work of setting the breakpoint in the right
4025 my $line = shift; # [.|line] [cond]
4028 # Make . the current line number if it's there..
4029 $line =~ s/^\./$dbline/;
4031 # No line number, no condition. Simple break on current line.
4032 if ( $line =~ /^\s*$/ ) {
4033 &cmd_b_line( $dbline, 1 );
4036 # Break on load for a file.
4037 elsif ( $line =~ /^load\b\s*(.*)/ ) {
4043 # b compile|postpone <some sub> [<condition>]
4044 # The interpreter actually traps this one for us; we just put the
4045 # necessary condition in the %postponed hash.
4046 elsif ( $line =~ /^(postpone|compile)\b\s*([':A-Za-z_][':\w]*)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4048 # Capture the condition if there is one. Make it true if none.
4049 my $cond = length $3 ? $3 : '1';
4051 # Save the sub name and set $break to 1 if $1 was 'postpone', 0
4052 # if it was 'compile'.
4053 my ( $subname, $break ) = ( $2, $1 eq 'postpone' );
4055 # De-Perl4-ify the name - ' separators to ::.
4056 $subname =~ s/\'/::/g;
4058 # Qualify it into the current package unless it's already qualified.
4059 $subname = "${'package'}::" . $subname unless $subname =~ /::/;
4061 # Add main if it starts with ::.
4062 $subname = "main" . $subname if substr( $subname, 0, 2 ) eq "::";
4064 # Save the break type for this sub.
4065 $postponed{$subname} = $break ? "break +0 if $cond" : "compile";
4066 } ## end elsif ($line =~ ...
4068 # b <sub name> [<condition>]
4069 elsif ( $line =~ /^([':A-Za-z_][':\w]*(?:\[.*\])?)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4073 $cond = length $2 ? $2 : '1';
4074 &cmd_b_sub( $subname, $cond );
4077 # b <line> [<condition>].
4078 elsif ( $line =~ /^(\d*)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4080 # Capture the line. If none, it's the current line.
4081 $line = $1 || $dbline;
4083 # If there's no condition, make it '1'.
4084 $cond = length $2 ? $2 : '1';
4087 &cmd_b_line( $line, $cond );
4090 # Line didn't make sense.
4092 print "confused by line($line)?\n";
4096 =head3 C<break_on_load> (API)
4098 We want to break when this file is loaded. Mark this file in the
4099 C<%break_on_load> hash, and note that it has a breakpoint in
4100 C<%had_breakpoints>.
4106 $break_on_load{$file} = 1;
4107 $had_breakpoints{$file} |= 1;
4110 =head3 C<report_break_on_load> (API)
4112 Gives us an array of filenames that are set to break on load. Note that
4113 only files with break-on-load are in here, so simply showing the keys
4118 sub report_break_on_load {
4119 sort keys %break_on_load;
4122 =head3 C<cmd_b_load> (command)
4124 We take the file passed in and try to find it in C<%INC> (which maps modules
4125 to files they came from). We mark those files for break-on-load via
4126 C<break_on_load> and then report that it was done.
4134 # This is a block because that way we can use a redo inside it
4135 # even without there being any looping structure at all outside it.
4138 # Save short name and full path if found.
4140 push @files, $::INC{$file} if $::INC{$file};
4142 # Tack on .pm and do it again unless there was a '.' in the name
4144 $file .= '.pm', redo unless $file =~ /\./;
4147 # Do the real work here.
4148 break_on_load($_) for @files;
4150 # All the files that have break-on-load breakpoints.
4151 @files = report_break_on_load;
4153 # Normalize for the purposes of our printing this.
4156 print $OUT "Will stop on load of `@files'.\n";
4157 } ## end sub cmd_b_load
4159 =head3 C<$filename_error> (API package global)
4161 Several of the functions we need to implement in the API need to work both
4162 on the current file and on other files. We don't want to duplicate code, so
4163 C<$filename_error> is used to contain the name of the file that's being
4164 worked on (if it's not the current one).
4166 We can now build functions in pairs: the basic function works on the current
4167 file, and uses C<$filename_error> as part of its error message. Since this is
4168 initialized to C<"">, no filename will appear when we are working on the
4171 The second function is a wrapper which does the following:
4177 Localizes C<$filename_error> and sets it to the name of the file to be processed.
4181 Localizes the C<*dbline> glob and reassigns it to point to the file we want to process.
4185 Calls the first function.
4187 The first function works on the I<current> file (i.e., the one we changed to),
4188 and prints C<$filename_error> in the error message (the name of the other file)
4189 if it needs to. When the functions return, C<*dbline> is restored to point
4190 to the actual current file (the one we're executing in) and
4191 C<$filename_error> is restored to C<"">. This restores everything to
4192 the way it was before the second function was called at all.
4194 See the comments in C<breakable_line> and C<breakable_line_in_file> for more
4201 $filename_error = '';
4203 =head3 breakable_line(from, to) (API)
4205 The subroutine decides whether or not a line in the current file is breakable.
4206 It walks through C<@dbline> within the range of lines specified, looking for
4207 the first line that is breakable.
4209 If C<$to> is greater than C<$from>, the search moves forwards, finding the
4210 first line I<after> C<$to> that's breakable, if there is one.
4212 If C<$from> is greater than C<$to>, the search goes I<backwards>, finding the
4213 first line I<before> C<$to> that's breakable, if there is one.
4217 sub breakable_line {
4219 my ( $from, $to ) = @_;
4221 # $i is the start point. (Where are the FORTRAN programs of yesteryear?)
4224 # If there are at least 2 arguments, we're trying to search a range.
4227 # $delta is positive for a forward search, negative for a backward one.
4228 my $delta = $from < $to ? +1 : -1;
4230 # Keep us from running off the ends of the file.
4231 my $limit = $delta > 0 ? $#dbline : 1;
4233 # Clever test. If you're a mathematician, it's obvious why this
4234 # test works. If not:
4235 # If $delta is positive (going forward), $limit will be $#dbline.
4236 # If $to is less than $limit, ($limit - $to) will be positive, times
4237 # $delta of 1 (positive), so the result is > 0 and we should use $to
4238 # as the stopping point.
4240 # If $to is greater than $limit, ($limit - $to) is negative,
4241 # times $delta of 1 (positive), so the result is < 0 and we should
4242 # use $limit ($#dbline) as the stopping point.
4244 # If $delta is negative (going backward), $limit will be 1.
4245 # If $to is zero, ($limit - $to) will be 1, times $delta of -1
4246 # (negative) so the result is > 0, and we use $to as the stopping
4249 # If $to is less than zero, ($limit - $to) will be positive,
4250 # times $delta of -1 (negative), so the result is not > 0, and
4251 # we use $limit (1) as the stopping point.
4253 # If $to is 1, ($limit - $to) will zero, times $delta of -1
4254 # (negative), still giving zero; the result is not > 0, and
4255 # we use $limit (1) as the stopping point.
4257 # if $to is >1, ($limit - $to) will be negative, times $delta of -1
4258 # (negative), giving a positive (>0) value, so we'll set $limit to
4261 $limit = $to if ( $limit - $to ) * $delta > 0;
4263 # The real search loop.
4264 # $i starts at $from (the point we want to start searching from).
4265 # We move through @dbline in the appropriate direction (determined
4266 # by $delta: either -1 (back) or +1 (ahead).
4267 # We stay in as long as we haven't hit an executable line
4268 # ($dbline[$i] == 0 means not executable) and we haven't reached
4269 # the limit yet (test similar to the above).
4270 $i += $delta while $dbline[$i] == 0 and ( $limit - $i ) * $delta > 0;
4272 } ## end if (@_ >= 2)
4274 # If $i points to a line that is executable, return that.
4275 return $i unless $dbline[$i] == 0;
4277 # Format the message and print it: no breakable lines in range.
4278 my ( $pl, $upto ) = ( '', '' );
4279 ( $pl, $upto ) = ( 's', "..$to" ) if @_ >= 2 and $from != $to;
4281 # If there's a filename in filename_error, we'll see it.
4283 die "Line$pl $from$upto$filename_error not breakable\n";
4284 } ## end sub breakable_line
4286 =head3 breakable_line_in_filename(file, from, to) (API)
4288 Like C<breakable_line>, but look in another file.
4292 sub breakable_line_in_filename {
4294 # Capture the file name.
4297 # Swap the magic line array over there temporarily.
4298 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $f };
4300 # If there's an error, it's in this other file.
4301 local $filename_error = " of `$f'";
4303 # Find the breakable line.
4306 # *dbline and $filename_error get restored when this block ends.
4308 } ## end sub breakable_line_in_filename
4310 =head3 break_on_line(lineno, [condition]) (API)
4312 Adds a breakpoint with the specified condition (or 1 if no condition was
4313 specified) to the specified line. Dies if it can't.
4318 my ( $i, $cond ) = @_;
4320 # Always true if no condition supplied.
4321 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 2;
4327 # Woops, not a breakable line. $filename_error allows us to say
4328 # if it was in a different file.
4329 die "Line $i$filename_error not breakable.\n" if $dbline[$i] == 0;
4331 # Mark this file as having breakpoints in it.
4332 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 1;
4334 # If there is an action or condition here already ...
4335 if ( $dbline{$i} ) {
4337 # ... swap this condition for the existing one.
4338 $dbline{$i} =~ s/^[^\0]*/$cond/;
4342 # Nothing here - just add the condition.
4343 $dbline{$i} = $cond;
4345 } ## end sub break_on_line
4347 =head3 cmd_b_line(line, [condition]) (command)
4349 Wrapper for C<break_on_line>. Prints the failure message if it
4355 eval { break_on_line(@_); 1 } or do {
4357 print $OUT $@ and return;
4359 } ## end sub cmd_b_line
4361 =head3 break_on_filename_line(file, line, [condition]) (API)
4363 Switches to the file specified and then calls C<break_on_line> to set
4368 sub break_on_filename_line {
4369 my ( $f, $i, $cond ) = @_;
4371 # Always true if condition left off.
4372 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 3;
4374 # Switch the magical hash temporarily.
4375 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $f };
4377 # Localize the variables that break_on_line uses to make its message.
4378 local $filename_error = " of `$f'";
4379 local $filename = $f;
4381 # Add the breakpoint.
4382 break_on_line( $i, $cond );
4383 } ## end sub break_on_filename_line
4385 =head3 break_on_filename_line_range(file, from, to, [condition]) (API)
4387 Switch to another file, search the range of lines specified for an
4388 executable one, and put a breakpoint on the first one you find.
4392 sub break_on_filename_line_range {
4393 my ( $f, $from, $to, $cond ) = @_;
4395 # Find a breakable line if there is one.
4396 my $i = breakable_line_in_filename( $f, $from, $to );
4398 # Always true if missing.
4399 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 3;
4401 # Add the breakpoint.
4402 break_on_filename_line( $f, $i, $cond );
4403 } ## end sub break_on_filename_line_range
4405 =head3 subroutine_filename_lines(subname, [condition]) (API)
4407 Search for a subroutine within a given file. The condition is ignored.
4408 Uses C<find_sub> to locate the desired subroutine.
4412 sub subroutine_filename_lines {
4413 my ( $subname, $cond ) = @_;
4415 # Returned value from find_sub() is fullpathname:startline-endline.
4416 # The match creates the list (fullpathname, start, end). Falling off
4417 # the end of the subroutine returns this implicitly.
4418 find_sub($subname) =~ /^(.*):(\d+)-(\d+)$/;
4419 } ## end sub subroutine_filename_lines
4421 =head3 break_subroutine(subname) (API)
4423 Places a break on the first line possible in the specified subroutine. Uses
4424 C<subroutine_filename_lines> to find the subroutine, and
4425 C<break_on_filename_line_range> to place the break.
4429 sub break_subroutine {
4430 my $subname = shift;
4432 # Get filename, start, and end.
4433 my ( $file, $s, $e ) = subroutine_filename_lines($subname)
4434 or die "Subroutine $subname not found.\n";
4436 # Null condition changes to '1' (always true).
4437 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 2;
4439 # Put a break the first place possible in the range of lines
4440 # that make up this subroutine.
4441 break_on_filename_line_range( $file, $s, $e, @_ );
4442 } ## end sub break_subroutine