4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
169 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
170 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
171 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
172 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
173 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
174 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
175 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
176 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
178 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && IVSIZE > U32SIZE && IVSIZE > PTRSIZE
179 /* Work around a goof with alignment on our part. For sparc32 (and
180 possibly other architectures), if built with -Duse64bitint, the IV
181 op_pmoffset in struct pmop should be 8 byte aligned, but the slab
182 allocator is only providing 4 byte alignment. The real fix is to change
183 the IV to a type the same size as a pointer, such as size_t, but we
184 can't do that without breaking the ABI, which is a no-no in a maint
185 release. So instead, simply allocate struct pmop directly, which will be
187 if (sz == sizeof(struct pmop))
188 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
191 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
192 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
193 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
194 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
195 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
197 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
199 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
200 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
201 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
203 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
205 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
206 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
208 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
209 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
210 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
211 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
212 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
214 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
215 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
216 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
217 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
218 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
222 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
228 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
229 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
230 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
231 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
232 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
235 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
236 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
237 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
238 /* Remaining space is too small. */
240 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
242 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
243 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
245 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
246 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
247 slab->opslab_freed = o;
250 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
251 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
252 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
253 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
254 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
256 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
257 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
258 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
260 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
262 /* Create a new op slot */
263 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
264 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
265 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
266 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
267 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
269 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
275 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
277 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
279 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
281 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
282 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
283 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
284 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
285 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
286 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
287 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
288 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
293 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
297 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
299 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
301 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
302 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
303 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
304 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
305 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
306 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
307 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
310 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
314 # define Slab_to_rw(op) NOOP
317 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
318 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
321 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
325 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
328 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
331 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
333 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
335 PerlMemShared_free(op);
340 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
341 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
342 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
343 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
344 slab->opslab_freed = o;
345 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
346 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
350 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
353 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
354 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
357 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
364 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
368 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
369 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
370 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
371 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
372 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
374 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
376 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
377 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
379 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
380 perror("munmap failed");
384 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
390 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
395 size_t savestack_count = 0;
397 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
400 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
402 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
403 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
404 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
410 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
411 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
412 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
415 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
416 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
417 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
419 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
421 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
422 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
429 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
431 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
434 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
435 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
448 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
451 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
453 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
455 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
457 result = --o->op_targ;
460 result = --o->op_targ;
466 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
467 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
469 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
470 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
471 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
472 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
474 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
476 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
478 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
480 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
481 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
485 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
487 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
489 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
491 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
496 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
498 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
500 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
506 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
508 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
509 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
510 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
515 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
517 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
518 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
523 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
525 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
527 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
532 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
534 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
536 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
537 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
542 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
544 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
546 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
547 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
551 S_bad_type_gv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, GV *gv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
553 SV * const namesv = gv_ename(gv);
554 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_GV;
556 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
557 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
561 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
563 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
566 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
567 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
568 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
570 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
573 /* "register" allocation */
576 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
580 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
582 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
584 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
585 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
588 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
590 assert(strlen(name) == len);
592 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
596 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
597 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
599 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
600 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
601 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
602 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
603 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
604 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
606 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
607 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
610 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
611 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
612 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
613 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
614 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
618 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
620 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
621 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
622 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
623 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
624 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
626 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
627 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
631 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
632 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
634 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
635 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
641 =for apidoc alloccopstash
643 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
644 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
651 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
653 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
654 bool found_slot = FALSE;
656 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
658 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
660 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
661 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
662 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
663 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
666 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
667 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
668 off = PL_stashpadmax;
669 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
672 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
677 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
678 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
681 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
689 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
694 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
696 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
697 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
698 may be freed before their parents. */
699 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
703 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
714 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
717 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
718 we maintain for reset(). */
719 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
729 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
730 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
734 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
736 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
737 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
742 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
745 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
747 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
748 * numbers etc even after null() */
749 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
755 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
762 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
767 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
770 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
775 switch (o->op_type) {
776 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
777 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
778 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
783 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
787 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
788 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
795 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
800 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
801 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
802 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
803 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
804 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
805 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
806 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
807 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
808 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
809 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
810 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
811 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
812 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
813 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
814 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
817 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
819 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
820 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
821 * may still exist on the pad */
822 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
823 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
826 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
827 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
830 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
833 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
837 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
840 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
841 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
844 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
845 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
846 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
847 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
850 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
860 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
865 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
866 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
868 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
869 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
870 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
873 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
874 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
878 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
879 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
883 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
887 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
888 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
889 * exist on the pad */
890 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
893 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
899 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
900 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
901 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
903 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
904 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
905 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
906 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
907 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
908 * happen before sv_clean_all
911 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
912 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
913 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
914 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
915 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
919 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
920 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
926 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
927 pad_free(o->op_targ);
933 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
935 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
938 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
939 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
940 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
944 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
947 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
949 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
951 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
952 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
954 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
955 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
960 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
961 array[i] = array[--count];
962 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
963 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
964 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
967 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
980 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
984 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
985 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
987 switch (kid->op_type) {
992 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
994 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
995 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1001 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
1005 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
1007 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1011 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
1012 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1013 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1017 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1020 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1025 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1028 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1032 /* Contextualizers */
1035 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1037 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1038 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1039 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1046 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1048 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1050 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1051 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1052 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1054 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1061 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1063 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1064 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1065 not be called directly.
1071 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1075 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1080 /* establish postfix order */
1081 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1084 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1087 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1088 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1089 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1103 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1105 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1107 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1114 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1118 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1120 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1121 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1122 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1123 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1125 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1126 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1127 of the conditional, not the last. */
1128 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1130 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1131 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1138 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1143 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1144 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1145 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1146 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1151 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1153 switch (o->op_type) {
1155 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1160 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1170 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1171 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1177 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1179 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1182 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1183 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1189 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1194 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1197 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1204 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1208 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1209 const char* useless = NULL;
1213 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1215 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1217 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1219 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1222 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1223 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1224 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1230 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1231 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1232 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1233 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1234 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1236 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1237 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1238 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1239 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1240 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1245 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1246 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1248 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1251 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1253 switch (o->op_type) {
1255 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1259 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1263 if (o->op_private == 4)
1288 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1307 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1308 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1313 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1338 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1339 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1340 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1344 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1345 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1347 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1349 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1351 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1355 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1356 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1357 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1360 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1364 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1365 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1369 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1376 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1377 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1378 useless = "a variable";
1383 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1384 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1386 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1387 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1388 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1389 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1391 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1392 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1393 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1394 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1396 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1397 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1398 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1399 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1400 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1401 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1402 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1403 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1404 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1405 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1406 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1409 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1411 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1413 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro,
1414 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1416 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1417 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1418 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1421 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1422 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1425 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1428 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1432 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1433 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1437 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1438 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1442 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1443 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1447 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1448 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1453 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1456 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1459 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1460 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1463 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1465 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1468 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1469 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1470 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1473 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1476 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1478 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1481 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1482 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1483 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1485 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1486 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1487 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1499 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1500 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1501 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1503 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1505 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1507 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1508 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1517 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1522 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1529 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1540 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1551 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1552 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1553 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1554 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1557 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1558 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1565 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1567 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1569 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1576 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1581 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1582 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1583 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1584 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1589 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1590 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1592 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1595 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1597 switch (o->op_type) {
1600 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1605 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1613 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1615 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1616 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1617 return gen_constant_list(o);
1624 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1626 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1629 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1630 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1636 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1640 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1647 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1651 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1653 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1654 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1657 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1658 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1662 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1664 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1665 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1666 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1669 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1674 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1676 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1678 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1679 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1685 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1687 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1688 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1689 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1690 the tree thread-safe.
1695 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1697 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1700 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1708 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1710 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1712 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1714 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1715 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1717 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1718 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1719 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1720 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1721 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1722 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1723 finalize_op(prop_op);
1730 switch (o->op_type) {
1733 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1737 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1738 && ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1740 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1741 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1742 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1743 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1744 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1745 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1746 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1747 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1748 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1749 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1756 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1757 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1758 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1759 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1760 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1761 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1762 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1763 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1770 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1771 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1775 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1776 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1777 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1778 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1779 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1780 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1781 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1782 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1784 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1785 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1786 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1787 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1788 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1790 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1791 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1792 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1793 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1794 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1795 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1796 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1798 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1799 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1800 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1803 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1804 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1805 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1806 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1807 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1809 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1820 const char *key = NULL;
1823 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1826 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1827 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1828 if ((!SvIsCOW(sv = *svp))
1829 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1830 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1831 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1832 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1834 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
1838 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1841 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1842 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1844 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1845 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1847 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1848 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1850 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1851 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1852 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1853 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1854 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1855 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1856 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1868 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1870 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1871 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1872 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1873 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1875 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1876 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1878 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1879 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1880 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1882 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1883 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1884 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1886 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1892 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1893 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1895 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1896 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1898 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1899 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1900 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1901 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1902 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1903 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1905 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1906 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1907 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1908 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1909 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1910 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1911 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1912 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1919 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1920 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1927 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1929 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1935 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1937 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1938 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1939 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1940 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1943 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1944 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1945 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1947 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1948 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1954 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1958 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1961 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1964 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1965 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1970 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1972 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1974 switch (o->op_type) {
1979 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1983 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1984 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1985 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1986 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1987 poses, so we need it clear. */
1988 o->op_private &= ~1;
1989 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1990 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1991 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1994 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1995 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1996 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1997 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1998 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1999 /* Potential lvalue context: */
2000 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
2003 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
2004 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
2007 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2008 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
2010 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
2011 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2012 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2013 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
2015 while (kid->op_sibling)
2016 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2017 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
2018 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
2021 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2022 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
2023 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2024 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2026 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2027 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2028 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2029 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2033 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2043 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2044 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2045 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2046 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2048 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2049 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2051 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2052 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2054 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2068 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2077 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2084 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2085 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2090 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2091 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2092 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2096 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2098 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2105 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2106 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2110 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2113 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2114 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2115 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2119 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2123 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2132 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2139 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2140 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2141 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2142 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2144 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2145 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2149 if (!type) /* local() */
2150 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2151 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2160 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2164 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2170 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2171 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2172 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2173 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2178 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2179 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2180 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2181 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2182 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2183 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2193 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2194 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2199 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2201 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2203 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2204 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2210 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2211 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2212 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2213 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2214 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2218 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2220 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2226 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2227 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2229 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2230 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2233 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2234 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2236 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2237 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2238 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2241 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2242 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2243 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2248 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2249 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2252 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2253 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2254 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2259 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2264 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2288 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2309 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2311 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2313 switch (o->op_type) {
2321 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2334 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2336 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2338 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2345 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2352 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2355 switch (o->op_type) {
2357 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2358 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2359 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2360 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2361 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2362 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2363 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2364 o->op_private &= ~1;
2366 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2367 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2368 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2370 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2376 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2377 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2380 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2381 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2382 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2385 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2386 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2387 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2389 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2396 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2399 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2400 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2401 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2407 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2412 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2414 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2418 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2419 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2420 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2421 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2423 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2433 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2435 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2445 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2450 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2452 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2453 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2454 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2456 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2457 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2459 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2463 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2465 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2466 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2467 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2468 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2469 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2476 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2479 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2481 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2483 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2484 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2486 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2487 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2489 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2490 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2492 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2493 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2494 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2495 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2497 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2502 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2505 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2506 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2508 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2513 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2514 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2515 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2517 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2518 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2519 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2520 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2521 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2522 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2524 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2525 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2528 /* Need package name for method call. */
2529 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2531 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2532 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2534 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2535 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2536 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2537 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2538 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2539 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2540 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2541 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2543 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2544 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2545 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2546 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2547 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2548 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2550 /* Combine the ops. */
2551 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2555 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2557 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2558 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2559 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2560 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2561 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2562 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2563 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2564 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2565 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2566 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2572 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2573 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2577 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2580 len = strlen(attrstr);
2584 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2586 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2587 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2588 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2589 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2590 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2594 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2595 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2596 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2597 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2598 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2599 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2600 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2605 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2609 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2611 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2613 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2617 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2618 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2622 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2624 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2625 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2627 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2629 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2631 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2632 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2633 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2635 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2637 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2639 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2640 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2641 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2642 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2643 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2644 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2645 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2648 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2651 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2654 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2656 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2658 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2660 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2663 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2666 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2667 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2669 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2670 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2672 stash = PL_curstash;
2673 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2675 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2676 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2678 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2683 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2687 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2689 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2691 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2692 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2694 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2704 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2706 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2707 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2708 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2711 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2712 which will mess up list assignment. */
2713 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2714 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2715 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2717 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2718 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2721 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2724 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2725 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2730 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2732 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2734 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2739 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2743 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2744 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2746 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2748 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2749 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2751 const char * const desc
2753 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2754 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2756 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2757 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2760 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2761 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2762 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2763 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2766 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2769 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2770 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2773 const char * const sample = (isary
2774 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2775 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2776 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2777 desc, sample, sample);
2781 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2782 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2783 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2785 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2788 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2789 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2791 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2792 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2793 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2795 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2796 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2797 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2798 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2799 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2801 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2803 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2806 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2807 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2808 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2809 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2810 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2811 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2812 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2815 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2816 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2818 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2820 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2824 return bind_match(type, left,
2825 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2829 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2833 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2837 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2839 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2840 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2841 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2842 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2843 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2844 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2851 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2855 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2856 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2857 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2858 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2860 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2862 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2863 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2864 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2865 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2868 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2869 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2871 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2876 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2882 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2884 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2885 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2886 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2887 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2894 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2897 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2899 pad_block_start(full);
2901 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2902 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2903 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2905 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2911 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2914 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2915 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2918 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2921 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2923 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2927 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2928 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2929 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2934 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2937 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2938 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2939 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2940 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2941 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2942 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2943 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2944 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2945 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2946 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2947 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2948 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2949 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2950 list of ops like this:
2974 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2975 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2976 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2977 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2978 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2979 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2980 if (kid == last) break;
2982 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2985 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2991 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2993 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2995 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2996 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
3002 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
3004 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
3006 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
3013 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
3014 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
3015 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
3018 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
3019 o->op_targ = offset;
3025 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3029 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3036 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3037 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3038 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3040 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3041 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3043 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3044 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3045 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3048 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3050 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3051 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3052 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3053 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3054 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3057 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3058 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3060 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3063 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3064 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3065 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3066 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3069 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3070 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3071 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3072 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3073 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3074 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3075 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3078 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3079 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3080 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3081 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3082 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3083 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3084 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3085 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3086 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3087 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3090 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3092 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3095 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3096 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3097 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3098 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3099 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3100 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3101 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3102 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3103 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3106 /* Register with debugger */
3108 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3112 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3114 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3121 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3125 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3127 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3128 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3129 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3136 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3137 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3138 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3140 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3143 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3144 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3148 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3149 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3152 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3154 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3160 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3161 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3162 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3164 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3166 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3176 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3177 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3178 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3183 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3185 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3187 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3189 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3190 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3195 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3196 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3198 I32 type = o->op_type;
3200 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3202 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3204 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3205 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3210 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3211 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3213 I32 type = o->op_type;
3215 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3217 /* integerize op. */
3218 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3221 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3224 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3225 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3226 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3232 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3237 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3242 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3243 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3247 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3249 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3264 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3265 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3269 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3270 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3273 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3274 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3276 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3277 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3278 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3285 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3288 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3289 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3291 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3292 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3293 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3295 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3297 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3303 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3304 old_next = o->op_next;
3308 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3309 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3311 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3312 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3313 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3314 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3315 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3316 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3317 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3318 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3325 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3326 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3328 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3329 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3330 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3333 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3336 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3337 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3342 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3343 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3345 o->op_next = old_next;
3349 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3350 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3351 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3352 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3353 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3354 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3357 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3358 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3359 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3361 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3362 delete_eval_scope();
3371 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3372 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3374 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3375 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3383 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3387 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3390 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3391 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3393 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3396 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3399 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3400 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3401 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3402 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3404 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3405 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3406 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3407 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3408 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3409 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3410 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3412 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3421 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3424 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3425 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3426 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3428 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3430 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3431 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3433 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3434 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3435 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3436 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3440 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3441 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3442 o->op_flags |= flags;
3444 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3445 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3448 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3452 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3455 /* List constructors */
3458 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3460 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3461 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3462 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3463 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3464 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3465 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3471 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3479 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3480 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3482 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3485 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3486 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3488 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3489 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3491 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3496 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3498 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3499 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3500 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3501 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3502 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3503 the other is returned unchanged.
3509 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3517 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3518 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3520 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3521 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3523 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3524 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3525 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3528 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3529 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3531 while (mp->mad_next)
3533 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3536 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3539 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3540 last->op_madprop = 0;
3543 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3549 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3551 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3552 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3553 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3554 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3555 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3556 the other is returned unchanged.
3562 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3570 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3571 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3572 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3573 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3574 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3575 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3578 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3579 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3580 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3582 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3583 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3585 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3589 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3597 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3600 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3601 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3602 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3604 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3609 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3611 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3613 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3615 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3620 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3625 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3627 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3628 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3629 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3636 /* faked up qw list? */
3638 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3639 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3646 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3647 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3648 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3649 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3651 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3665 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3666 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3676 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3685 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3686 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3687 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3688 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3690 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3697 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3700 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3706 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3715 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3716 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3717 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3718 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3720 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3727 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3730 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3734 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3735 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3741 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3759 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3763 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3767 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3788 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3790 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3792 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3796 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3798 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3801 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3802 mp->mad_type = type;
3804 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3809 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3811 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3815 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3816 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3817 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3818 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3822 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3825 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3826 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3829 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3832 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3835 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3841 =head1 Optree construction
3843 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3845 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3846 empty list expression.
3852 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3854 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3858 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3860 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3861 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3867 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3869 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3870 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3871 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3872 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3873 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3879 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3884 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3886 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3888 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3889 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3892 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3896 else if (!first && last)
3899 first->op_sibling = last;
3900 listop->op_first = first;
3901 listop->op_last = last;
3902 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3903 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3904 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3905 listop->op_first = pushop;
3906 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3908 listop->op_last = pushop;
3911 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3915 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3917 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3918 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3919 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3926 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3931 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3932 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3933 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3936 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3937 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3938 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3939 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3941 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3942 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3943 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3944 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3947 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3948 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3950 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3951 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3952 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3956 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3958 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3959 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3960 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3961 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3962 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3963 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3964 of the constructed op tree.
3970 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3975 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3976 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3977 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3980 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3981 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3982 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3983 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3984 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3985 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3986 || type == OP_NULL );
3989 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3990 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3991 first = force_list(first);
3993 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3994 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3995 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3996 unop->op_first = first;
3997 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3998 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3999 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
4003 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
4007 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
4009 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
4010 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
4011 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
4012 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
4013 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
4014 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
4015 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
4021 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4026 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4027 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4029 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4032 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4034 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4035 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4036 binop->op_first = first;
4037 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4040 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4043 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4044 first->op_sibling = last;
4047 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4048 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4051 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4053 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4056 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4057 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4058 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4059 __attribute__pure__;
4060 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4062 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4064 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4066 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4068 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4074 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4077 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4080 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4081 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4083 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4086 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4087 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4093 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4094 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4095 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4098 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4100 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4103 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4106 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4108 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4109 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4111 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4112 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4126 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4127 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4130 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4134 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4137 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4139 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4143 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4144 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4145 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4146 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4150 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4153 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4155 transv = newSVpvs("");
4157 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4159 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4161 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4165 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4169 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4170 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4172 diff = val - nextmin;
4174 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4175 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4177 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4178 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4179 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4180 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4187 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4188 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4190 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4191 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4193 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4194 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4195 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4196 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4200 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4201 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4204 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4205 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4207 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4211 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4212 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4213 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4214 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4216 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4218 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4225 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4226 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4228 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4230 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4232 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4241 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4245 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4246 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4247 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4254 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4255 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4257 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4258 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4260 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4264 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4265 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4268 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4269 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4271 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4272 max = rfirst + diff;
4274 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4275 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4287 else if (max > 0xff)
4292 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4294 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4295 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4296 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4298 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4300 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4302 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4303 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4305 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4306 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4307 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4310 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4316 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4317 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4325 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4326 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4327 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4329 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4331 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4333 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4335 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4344 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4354 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4356 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4361 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4362 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4363 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4365 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4366 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4367 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4371 if (!rlen && !del) {
4374 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4376 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4377 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4379 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4381 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4382 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4384 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4390 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4391 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4398 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4399 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4400 } else if(rlen > tlen && !complement) {
4401 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4405 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4407 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4408 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4418 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4420 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4421 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4422 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4428 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4433 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4435 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4436 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4437 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4438 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4439 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4441 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4442 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4443 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4444 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4446 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4447 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4448 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4450 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4452 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4453 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4454 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4456 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4457 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4458 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4460 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4461 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4467 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4468 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4469 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4470 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4471 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4472 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4474 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4476 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4478 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4479 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4480 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4482 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4483 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4484 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4485 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4489 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4492 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4493 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4494 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4497 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4498 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4499 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4500 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4501 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4503 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4504 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4505 * the new sub was created
4509 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4514 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4516 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4517 bool is_compiletime;
4520 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4522 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4524 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4526 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4527 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4528 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4529 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4530 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4531 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4534 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4537 OP* const oe = expr;
4538 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4539 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4540 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4541 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4542 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4543 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4546 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4549 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4550 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4551 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4552 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4553 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4557 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4559 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4560 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4562 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4563 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4565 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4569 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4574 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub;
4575 * also, mark any arrays as LIST/REF */
4577 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4579 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4581 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4582 assert( !(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4583 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4584 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4585 o->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4589 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4591 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4594 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4595 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4597 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4598 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_sibling);
4599 o->op_next = leaveop->op_first->op_sibling;
4601 assert(leaveop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4602 assert(leaveop->op_last->op_next == (OP*)leaveop);
4603 leaveop->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4604 op_null((OP*)leaveop);
4608 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4609 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4610 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4611 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4614 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4615 * the op_next chain */
4618 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4622 else if (expr->op_type == OP_PADAV || expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4623 assert( !(expr->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4624 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4625 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4626 expr->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4629 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4631 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4633 if (is_compiletime) {
4634 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4635 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4637 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4638 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4640 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4641 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4643 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4644 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4645 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4646 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4647 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4648 * regex was parsed */
4649 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4650 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4651 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4653 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4658 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4659 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4660 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4661 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4664 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4670 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4671 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4674 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4677 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4679 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4680 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4681 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4682 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4683 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4684 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4686 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4687 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4688 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4689 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4691 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4692 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4693 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4694 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4697 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4702 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4704 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4706 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4711 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4712 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4713 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4716 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4717 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_SPLIT;
4719 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4720 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4721 * preceding stacking ops;
4722 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4724 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4725 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4727 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4728 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4729 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4730 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4731 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4732 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4733 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4737 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4739 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4741 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4742 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4746 * ------ -------------------
4747 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4748 * pushmark (for entersub)
4749 * pushmark (for refgen)
4753 * regcreset regcreset
4755 * const("a") const("a")
4757 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4762 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4763 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4764 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4765 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4766 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4767 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4769 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4772 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4773 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4774 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4775 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4776 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4777 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4778 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4779 rcop->op_private = 0;
4781 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4783 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4784 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4786 /* establish postfix order */
4787 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4789 rcop->op_next = expr;
4790 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4793 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4794 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4797 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4803 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4804 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4805 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4807 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4808 the implicit do{}. */
4809 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4810 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4811 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4812 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4813 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4814 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4815 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4817 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)