3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strEQs(GvNAME(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
378 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
381 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
382 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
386 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
387 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
397 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
398 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
400 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
408 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
413 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
416 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
417 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
418 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
419 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
420 if (has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV) {
421 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
422 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
424 if (CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
425 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
426 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
427 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
428 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
429 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
437 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
438 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
439 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
441 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
442 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
443 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
444 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
445 from a reference to CV. */
446 if (exported_constant)
447 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
448 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
453 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
454 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
455 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
461 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
475 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
483 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
484 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
491 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
494 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
495 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
497 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
498 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
499 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
501 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
502 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
503 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
504 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
509 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
510 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
511 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
512 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
513 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
514 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
515 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
516 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
517 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
518 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
519 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
520 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
521 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
522 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
523 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
524 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
525 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
526 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
527 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
528 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
529 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
530 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
533 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
534 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
539 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
544 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
549 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
550 oldparser = PL_parser;
551 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
552 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
553 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
555 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
559 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
561 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
565 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
568 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
570 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
571 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
572 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
573 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
574 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
575 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
576 it this order as we need an op number before calling
578 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
580 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
586 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
587 compiling after a syntax error */
588 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
589 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
594 : newSVpvn(name,len),
599 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
600 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
601 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
602 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
605 PL_parser = oldparser;
606 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
607 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
610 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
612 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
614 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
621 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
623 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
625 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
627 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
628 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
634 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
638 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
639 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
640 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level, flags);
641 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
642 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
643 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
647 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
649 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
650 instead of a string/length pair.
656 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
658 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
659 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
663 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
665 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
666 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
667 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
669 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
670 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
671 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
672 up caching info for this glob.
674 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
676 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
680 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
681 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
682 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
683 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
688 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
690 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
691 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
698 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
699 GV* candidate = NULL;
703 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
706 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
708 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
710 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
711 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
717 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
719 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
722 assert(name || meth);
724 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
725 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
726 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
728 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
730 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
731 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
732 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
733 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
735 else cachestash = stash;
737 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
739 cachestash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
741 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
748 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
751 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
752 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
754 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
755 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
756 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
760 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
761 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
762 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
767 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
768 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
771 else if (stash == cachestash
772 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
773 && strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
774 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
778 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
779 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
780 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
782 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
784 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
787 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
788 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
790 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
796 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
798 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
799 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
800 if (strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
802 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
808 else candidate = *gvp;
811 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
812 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
813 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
815 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
816 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
817 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
819 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
820 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
821 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
822 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
823 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
824 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
830 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
831 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
832 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
835 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
836 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
837 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
838 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
839 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
840 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
841 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
847 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
848 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
849 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
856 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
858 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
859 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
863 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
865 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
868 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
870 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
871 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
877 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
882 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
885 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
889 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
891 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
892 instead of a string/length pair.
898 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
900 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
901 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
905 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
907 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
908 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
910 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
911 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
912 of the result may be zero.
914 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
920 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
922 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
924 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
931 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
932 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
934 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
937 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
939 /* Have an autoload */
940 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
941 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
942 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
943 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
952 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
954 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
955 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
956 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
959 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
960 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
961 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
962 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
963 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
965 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
966 as a prefix of the method name. Note
967 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
968 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
969 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
970 created as a side effect to do this.
972 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
973 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
974 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
980 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
984 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
988 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
993 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
996 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1000 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1002 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1003 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1007 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1009 const char * const origname = name;
1010 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1011 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1014 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1015 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1016 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1017 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1019 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1021 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1024 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1025 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1026 the error reporting code. */
1030 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1031 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1034 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1035 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1036 * if none was found.
1038 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1041 const char *name_cursor = name;
1042 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1043 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1044 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1045 last_separator = name_cursor;
1046 name = name_cursor + 1;
1048 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1049 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1050 name = name_cursor + 1;
1055 /* did we find a separator? */
1056 if (last_separator) {
1057 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1058 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1059 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1060 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1062 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1063 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1065 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1066 strEQs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1067 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1068 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1069 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1072 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1073 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1078 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1080 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1081 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1082 import/unimport subroutine */
1083 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1084 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1086 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1087 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1089 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1090 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1093 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1094 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1095 * require it first instead of croaking */
1096 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1097 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1098 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1099 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1100 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1102 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1103 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1108 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1109 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1110 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1111 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1116 if (last_separator) {
1117 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1118 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1120 packnamesv = error_report;
1124 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1125 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1126 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1127 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1128 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1132 else if (autoload) {
1133 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1134 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1138 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1142 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1145 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1146 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1147 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1148 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1158 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1162 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1163 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1166 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1170 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1172 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1173 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1177 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1184 SV *packname = NULL;
1185 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1187 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1189 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1192 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1193 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1194 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1195 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1196 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1200 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1201 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1203 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1204 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1208 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1212 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1215 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1216 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1218 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1219 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1220 "::%" UTF8f "() is deprecated. This will be "
1221 "fatal in Perl 5.28",
1223 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1226 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1227 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1228 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1230 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1231 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1232 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1233 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1234 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1237 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1238 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1239 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1240 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1241 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1242 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1243 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1245 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1246 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1248 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1249 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1250 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1252 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1255 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1256 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1257 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1259 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1261 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1262 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1264 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1265 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1269 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1273 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1279 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1280 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1281 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1282 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1284 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1285 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1289 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1290 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1291 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1295 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1296 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1297 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1298 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1299 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1300 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1301 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1304 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1312 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1313 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1314 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1315 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1317 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1318 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1319 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1320 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1321 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1322 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1325 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1326 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1328 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1330 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1332 /* If it is not tied */
1333 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1335 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1343 #define HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)
1345 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1346 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1347 || !(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1349 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1350 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1353 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1354 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1355 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1357 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1358 type, varname, name);
1359 else if (!(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1360 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1361 type, varname, name);
1363 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1364 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp); assert(GvCV(*gvp));
1368 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1373 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1374 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1375 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1377 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1378 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1381 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1383 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1384 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1390 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1392 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1393 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1397 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1399 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1400 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1401 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1402 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1403 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1406 Flags may be one of:
1415 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1417 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1418 recommended for performance reasons.
1424 gv_stashpvn_internal
1426 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1427 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1431 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1432 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1438 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1442 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1445 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1446 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1447 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1448 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1449 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1450 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1452 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1454 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1455 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1457 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1458 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1460 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1461 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1462 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1463 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1464 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1470 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1472 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1473 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1475 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1477 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1479 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1483 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1484 assert(namesv || name)
1486 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1487 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1492 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1494 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1495 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1496 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1499 if (he) return INT2PTR(HV*,SvIVX(HeVAL(he)));
1500 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1503 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1505 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1507 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1509 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1512 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1514 if (stash && namelen) {
1515 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1516 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1517 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1524 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1526 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1527 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1531 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1533 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1536 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1543 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1545 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1546 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1551 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1553 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1557 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1559 const char * const nambeg =
1560 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1561 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1562 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1565 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1566 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1570 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1574 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1578 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1579 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1581 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1582 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1584 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1585 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1586 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1587 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1589 const char *name_cursor;
1590 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1591 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1593 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1597 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1599 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1603 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1604 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1605 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1606 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1609 *stash = PL_defstash;
1610 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1613 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1614 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1617 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1623 Newx(tmpbuf, *len+2, char);
1624 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1625 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1626 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1629 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1630 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1631 if (*gv && *gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1632 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1633 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1639 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1642 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1643 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1644 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1645 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1646 && strEQs(*name, "CORE"))
1647 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1650 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1652 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1653 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1654 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1655 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1658 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1659 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1662 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1664 *name = name_cursor+1;
1665 if (*name == name_end) {
1667 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1668 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
1669 gv_init_pvn(*gv, PL_defstash, "main::", 6,
1672 MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(PL_defstash));
1679 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1683 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1684 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1685 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1687 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1689 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1690 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1691 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1692 * like INC or STDOUT.
1700 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1701 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1702 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1706 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1711 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1712 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1716 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1717 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1718 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1722 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1723 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1729 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1737 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1738 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1739 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1741 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1742 * which might happen during global destruction.
1744 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1745 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1746 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1747 const svtype sv_type)
1749 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1751 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1753 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1754 *stash = PL_defstash;
1757 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1758 *stash = PL_curstash;
1759 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1760 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1761 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1762 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1763 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1764 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1765 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1767 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1768 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1769 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1773 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1774 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1775 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1777 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1779 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1780 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1781 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1782 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1783 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1786 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1787 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1788 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1795 /* Use the current op's stash */
1796 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1801 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1803 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1804 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1805 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1806 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1807 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1808 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1809 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1810 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1811 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1812 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1813 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1814 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1815 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1816 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1817 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1818 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1820 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1822 /* symbol table under destruction */
1831 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1837 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1838 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1840 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1841 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1843 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1845 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1846 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1847 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1850 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1851 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1853 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1854 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1855 const svtype sv_type)
1859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1861 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1862 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1863 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1864 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1869 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1870 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1871 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1872 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1873 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1878 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1879 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1882 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1886 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1887 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1892 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1901 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1902 /* Avoid null warning: */
1903 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1904 if (strEQs(stashname, "CORE"))
1905 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1912 /* Nothing else to do.
1913 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1914 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1915 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1916 platforms, we can't just do:
1917 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1918 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1919 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1920 would make them larger than 'V')
1927 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1928 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1930 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1936 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1937 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1938 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1939 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1940 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1945 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1946 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1950 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1953 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1954 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1955 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1956 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1958 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1959 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1960 use didn't clean up fully because
1961 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1962 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1963 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1964 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1965 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1966 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1967 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1968 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1972 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1973 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1974 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1976 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1981 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1984 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1985 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1987 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
1988 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
1989 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1992 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)uv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1995 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1996 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
1998 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
1999 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
2000 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2001 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2004 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
2005 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2008 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2009 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2012 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2013 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2016 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2017 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2018 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2022 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2023 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2026 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2027 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2028 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2031 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2032 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2036 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2037 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2040 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2041 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2043 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2045 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2048 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2049 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2052 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2066 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2069 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2071 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2072 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2078 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2079 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2082 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2085 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2088 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2090 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2092 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2093 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2094 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2095 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2097 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2101 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2102 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2115 paren = *name - '0';
2118 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2119 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2120 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2124 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2128 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2129 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2135 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2137 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2139 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2140 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2141 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2144 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2145 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2146 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2148 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2150 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2153 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2154 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2157 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2158 const UV uv = (UV)*name;
2160 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)uv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2166 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2167 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2168 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2169 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2170 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2172 case '\010': /* $^H */
2174 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2175 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2179 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2180 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2181 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2183 else goto magicalize;
2185 case '\023': /* $^S */
2187 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2203 case '\001': /* $^A */
2204 case '\003': /* $^C */
2205 case '\004': /* $^D */
2206 case '\005': /* $^E */
2207 case '\006': /* $^F */
2208 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2209 case '\016': /* $^N */
2210 case '\017': /* $^O */
2211 case '\020': /* $^P */
2212 case '\024': /* $^T */
2213 case '\027': /* $^W */
2215 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2218 case '\014': /* $^L */
2219 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2222 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2226 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2227 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2228 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2229 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2230 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2234 case '\026': /* $^V */
2236 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2237 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2238 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2244 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2250 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2251 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2253 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2258 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2259 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2260 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2262 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2263 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2264 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2265 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2268 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2269 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2271 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2273 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2275 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2276 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2277 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2278 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2279 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2280 /* diag_listed_as: $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2281 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2283 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2284 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2287 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2290 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2292 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2294 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2298 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2302 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2311 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2312 const svtype sv_type)
2314 const char *name = nambeg;
2319 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2320 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2321 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2322 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2323 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2324 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2327 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2329 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2330 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2331 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2332 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2334 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2337 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2338 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2344 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2348 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2349 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2350 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2351 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2354 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2355 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2358 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2359 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2360 * anything else with it before that.
2363 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2364 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2365 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2366 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2367 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2368 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2369 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2372 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2373 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2374 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2375 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2376 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2377 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2378 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2380 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2381 && strEQs(name, "ISA")
2382 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2383 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2386 } else if (no_init) {
2390 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2391 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2392 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2393 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2396 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2401 /* Adding a new symbol.
2402 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2403 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2405 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2406 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2408 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2410 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2411 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2412 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2413 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2414 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2417 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2418 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2423 /* set up magic where warranted */
2424 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2427 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2428 * stored in the symtab.
2429 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2430 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2432 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2436 /* The temporary GV created above */
2437 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2441 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2446 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2449 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2451 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2453 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2455 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2456 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2457 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2458 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2462 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2463 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2467 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2469 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2471 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2473 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2477 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2478 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2482 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2486 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2491 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2493 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2495 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2496 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2497 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2500 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2501 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2503 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2504 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2506 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2508 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2510 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2512 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2513 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2514 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2515 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2519 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2520 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2523 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2525 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2527 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2528 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2530 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2531 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2532 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2533 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2534 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2537 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2542 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2544 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2545 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2547 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2548 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2553 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2556 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2563 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2564 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2565 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2566 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2575 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2580 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2582 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2583 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2584 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2585 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2588 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2590 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2598 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2600 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2601 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2602 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2603 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2604 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2605 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2606 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2608 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2617 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2621 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2622 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2623 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2624 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2625 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2626 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2627 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2628 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2629 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2633 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2634 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2635 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2636 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2637 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2638 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2639 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2640 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2641 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2642 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2647 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2650 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2656 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2658 if (--attempts == 0) {
2660 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2661 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2666 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2667 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2673 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2675 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2676 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2678 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2680 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2682 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2683 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2685 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2686 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2693 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2695 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2696 * 0 if there is no overload
2697 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2701 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2703 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2705 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2708 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2710 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2712 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2713 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2714 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2716 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2719 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2722 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2723 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2729 bool deref_seen = 0;
2732 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2734 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2735 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2736 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2741 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2744 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2746 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2749 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2750 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2751 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2752 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2753 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2754 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2761 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2762 /* initially assume the worst */
2763 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2765 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2766 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2767 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2768 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2769 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2771 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2772 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2773 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2774 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2775 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2776 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2777 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2778 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2779 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2780 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2782 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2783 const HEK * const gvhek =
2784 CvNAMED(cv) ? CvNAME_HEK(cv) : GvNAME_HEK(CvGV(cv));
2785 const HEK * const stashek =
2786 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2787 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2788 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2789 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2790 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2791 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2792 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2794 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2796 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2797 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2798 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2799 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2800 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2802 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2807 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2809 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2810 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2811 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2812 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2813 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2814 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2822 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2824 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2825 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2826 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2828 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2829 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2832 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2848 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2849 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2850 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2851 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2854 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2855 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2856 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2860 /* Here we have no table: */
2862 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2863 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2864 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2870 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2875 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2877 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2880 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2881 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2883 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2886 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2888 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2891 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2892 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2894 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2895 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2896 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2897 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2898 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2899 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2900 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2901 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2913 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2914 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2916 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2918 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2922 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2925 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2929 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2930 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2931 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2933 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2938 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2939 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2949 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2955 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2956 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2959 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2961 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2962 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2966 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2968 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2969 SV* const right = TOPs;
2975 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2976 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2977 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
2978 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
2980 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2987 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2988 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2998 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2999 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
3001 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
3004 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
3005 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3007 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3010 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3012 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3014 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3020 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3024 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3028 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3029 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3030 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3031 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3034 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3035 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3037 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3038 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3039 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3046 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3050 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3052 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3054 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3056 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3057 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3059 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3060 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3061 * masked by overloading.pm */
3063 const int offset = method / 8;
3064 const int bit = method % 8;
3065 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3067 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3068 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3075 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3080 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3081 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3082 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3083 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3084 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3085 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3086 int use_default_op = 0;
3087 int force_scalar = 0;
3093 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3095 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3096 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3099 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3100 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3101 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3102 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3103 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3105 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3106 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3112 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3113 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3115 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3118 /* look for substituted methods */
3119 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3123 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3124 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3125 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3130 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3131 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3132 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3136 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3139 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3142 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3145 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3146 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3147 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3154 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3157 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3158 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3160 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3161 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3163 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3164 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3165 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3166 delegate to the stash. */
3167 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3173 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3174 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3175 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3177 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3178 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3179 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
3181 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3182 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3183 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3186 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3197 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3199 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3204 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3205 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3208 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3216 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3221 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3222 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3223 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3224 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3225 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3226 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3228 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3231 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3232 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3233 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3234 /* We look for substitution for
3235 * comparison operations and
3237 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3238 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3239 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3261 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3265 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3275 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3283 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3285 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3286 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3287 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3288 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3289 } else if ((use_default_op =
3290 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3291 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3293 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3297 if (off==-1) off=method;
3298 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3299 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3300 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3301 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3303 "in overloaded package ":
3304 "has no overloaded magic",
3306 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3309 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3312 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3314 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3315 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3316 if (use_default_op) {
3317 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3319 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3323 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3328 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3329 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3330 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3331 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3337 if (off == subtr_amg)
3340 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3341 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3342 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3343 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3363 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3367 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3368 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3369 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3377 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3378 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3379 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3389 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3390 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3392 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3394 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3395 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3396 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3397 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3398 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3399 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3400 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3401 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3404 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3405 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3406 * version of copy operator
3408 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3409 * a) Assignment form was called.
3410 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3411 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3412 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3413 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3414 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3416 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3417 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3419 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3420 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3423 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3424 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3426 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3427 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3430 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3431 * information by hand */
3432 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3434 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3435 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3437 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3445 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3447 U8 gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3450 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3451 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3452 myop.op_next = NULL;
3453 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3457 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3460 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3461 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3466 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3470 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3473 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3474 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3475 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3476 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3478 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3479 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3480 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3481 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3483 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3484 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3486 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3487 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3488 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3490 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3494 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3498 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3502 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3503 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3506 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3509 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3510 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3511 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3513 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3525 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3532 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3535 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3538 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3541 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3544 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3547 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3550 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3552 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3557 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3559 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3561 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3569 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3574 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3577 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3579 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3580 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3583 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3584 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3588 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3590 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3591 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3592 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3593 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3594 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3595 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3596 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3598 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3600 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3601 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3602 more compactly represents the same thing.
3608 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3614 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3616 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3618 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3620 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3621 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3622 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3623 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3624 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3625 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3627 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3629 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3631 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3632 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3634 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3635 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3641 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3642 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3643 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3644 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3645 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3646 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3647 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3648 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3649 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3651 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3652 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3656 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3658 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3659 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3660 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3661 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3666 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3668 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3670 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3671 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3672 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3673 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3674 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3675 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3676 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3679 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3685 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3688 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3693 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: