3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
13 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
14 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
15 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
16 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me." --the Gaffer
19 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
20 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
22 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
23 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
24 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
25 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
26 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
27 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
30 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
31 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
32 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
33 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
35 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
37 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
40 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
41 * is made, called opmini.c.
45 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
49 An execution-order pass
51 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
52 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
53 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
54 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
55 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
56 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
57 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
60 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
61 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
62 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
63 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
64 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
65 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
66 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
67 it's still not the real execution order.
69 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
70 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
71 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
72 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
73 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
76 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
77 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
78 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
79 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
80 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
81 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
82 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
83 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
84 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
85 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
86 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
87 than the entire %^H on each COP.
89 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
90 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
91 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
92 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
93 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVE_HINTS>
94 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
95 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
101 #include "keywords.h"
103 #define CALL_PEEP(o) CALL_FPTR(PL_peepp)(aTHX_ o)
105 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
107 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
108 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
109 # include <sys/mman.h>
112 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
113 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
117 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
121 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
122 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
123 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
124 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
126 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
127 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
128 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
129 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
131 PL_OpPtr = (I32**) mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
132 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
134 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
135 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
137 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
138 perror("mmap failed");
143 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
148 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
149 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
150 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
151 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
153 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
154 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
155 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
156 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
158 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
160 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
161 /* We remember this slab. */
162 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
163 PL_slabs = (I32**) realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
164 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
165 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
168 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
169 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
171 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
172 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
173 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
174 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
175 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
176 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
179 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
181 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
182 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
183 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
184 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
186 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
187 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
188 and a warn handler has an eval */
193 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
197 void *const start = slabs[count];
198 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
199 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
200 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
201 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
209 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
211 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
212 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
213 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
214 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
216 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
217 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
218 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
223 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
234 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
240 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
244 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
246 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
247 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
248 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
249 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
252 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
254 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
257 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
258 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
259 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
262 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
264 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
265 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
266 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
268 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
269 PL_slab_count, count));
270 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
271 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
273 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
274 perror("munmap failed");
282 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
284 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
291 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
292 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
294 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
295 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
296 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
297 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
299 : CALL_FPTR(PL_check[type])(aTHX_ (OP*)o))
301 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
304 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
306 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
307 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
308 return SvPV_nolen_const(tmpsv);
312 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
314 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
320 S_too_few_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
322 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name));
327 S_too_many_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
329 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name));
334 S_bad_type(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, const OP *kid)
336 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
337 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)));
341 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ const OP *o)
344 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
345 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
346 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
350 /* "register" allocation */
353 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name)
357 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
359 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
363 (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES && UTF8_IS_START(name[1])) ||
364 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || name[2]))))
366 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
367 if (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1])) {
368 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%s in \"%s\"",
369 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), name + 2,
370 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
372 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %s in \"%s\"",name,
373 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
377 /* check for duplicate declaration */
378 pad_check_dup(name, is_our, (PL_curstash ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash));
380 if (PL_parser->in_my_stash && *name != '$') {
381 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_
382 "Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in \"%s\"",
385 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
388 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
390 off = pad_add_name(name,
391 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
393 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
394 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
398 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
400 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
401 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
403 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
404 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
409 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
410 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
413 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
415 if (o->op_latefree) {
423 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
425 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
431 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
438 if (o->op_latefreed) {
445 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
456 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
459 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
460 we maintain for reset(). */
461 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
471 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
472 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
473 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
474 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
479 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
481 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
485 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
486 * numbers etc even after null() */
487 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_SETSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
492 if (o->op_latefree) {
498 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
505 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
510 /* if (o->op_madprop && o->op_madprop->mad_next)
512 /* FIXME for MAD - if I uncomment these two lines t/op/pack.t fails with
513 "modification of a read only value" for a reason I can't fathom why.
514 It's the "" stringification of $_, where $_ was set to '' in a foreach
515 loop, but it defies simplification into a small test case.
516 However, commenting them out has caused ext/List/Util/t/weak.t to fail
519 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
525 switch (o->op_type) {
526 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
527 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
528 o->op_type = o->op_targ;
532 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
536 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
537 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_ck_ftst)))
543 if (! (o->op_type == OP_AELEMFAST && o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
544 /* not an OP_PADAV replacement */
546 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
547 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
548 * may still exist on the pad */
549 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
550 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
553 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
554 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
558 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
560 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
561 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
564 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
565 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
566 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
567 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
570 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
579 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
583 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
585 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
586 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
587 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
590 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
591 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
595 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
596 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
600 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
604 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
605 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
606 * exist on the pad */
607 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
610 SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv);
616 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
617 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
618 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
619 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
620 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
621 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
622 * happen before sv_clean_all
625 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
626 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
627 av_push((AV*) PL_regex_pad[0],(SV*) PL_regex_pad[(cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset]);
628 SvREADONLY_off(PL_regex_pad[(cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset]);
629 SvREPADTMP_on(PL_regex_pad[(cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset]);
630 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset);
633 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
634 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
640 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
641 pad_free(o->op_targ);
647 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
652 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
653 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
654 Perl_refcounted_he_free(aTHX_ cop->cop_hints_hash);
658 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
664 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
665 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash)) {
666 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((SV*)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
668 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
669 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
674 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
675 array[i] = array[--count];
676 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
677 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
678 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
681 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
698 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
700 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
701 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
703 switch (kid->op_type) {
708 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
710 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
711 kid = kid->op_sibling;
717 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
720 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
724 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
725 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
726 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
730 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
738 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
745 /* Contextualizers */
747 #define LINKLIST(o) ((o)->op_next ? (o)->op_next : linklist((OP*)o))
750 Perl_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
757 /* establish postfix order */
758 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
761 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
764 if (kid->op_sibling) {
765 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
766 kid = kid->op_sibling;
780 Perl_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
782 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
784 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
791 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
794 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
795 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
796 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
798 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
799 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
800 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
801 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
808 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
813 /* assumes no premature commitment */
814 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
815 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
816 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
821 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
823 switch (o->op_type) {
825 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
830 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
834 if ((kid = cLISTOPo->op_first) && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
835 if (!kPMOP->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
836 deprecate_old("implicit split to @_");
844 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
845 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
851 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
853 while ((kid = kid->op_sibling)) {
859 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
864 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
870 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
873 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID))
874 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
880 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
884 const char* useless = NULL;
888 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
890 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
892 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
895 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
896 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
897 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
903 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
904 || o->op_type == OP_SETSTATE
905 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
906 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
907 || o->op_targ == OP_SETSTATE
908 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
909 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
911 /* assumes no premature commitment */
912 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
913 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
914 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
915 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
920 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
921 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
923 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
926 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
928 switch (o->op_type) {
930 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
934 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
938 if (o->op_private == 4)
1010 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1011 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1015 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1016 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1017 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS) {
1020 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1027 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1028 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1029 useless = "a variable";
1034 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1035 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1037 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1038 useless = "a constant";
1039 if (o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE)
1041 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1042 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1043 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1045 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1046 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1047 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1048 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1050 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1051 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1052 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1053 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1054 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1055 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1056 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1057 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1058 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1059 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1060 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1065 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1069 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1070 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1074 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1075 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1079 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1080 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1084 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1085 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1094 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1099 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1106 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1117 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1124 /* all requires must return a boolean value */
1125 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
1130 if ((kid = cLISTOPo->op_first) && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
1131 if (!kPMOP->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1132 deprecate_old("implicit split to @_");
1136 if (useless && ckWARN(WARN_VOID))
1137 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %s in void context", useless);
1142 Perl_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1144 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1146 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1153 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1158 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1159 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1160 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1161 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1166 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1167 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1169 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1172 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1174 switch (o->op_type) {
1177 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1182 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1190 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1192 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1193 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1194 return gen_constant_list(o);
1201 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1203 while ((kid = kid->op_sibling)) {
1204 if (kid->op_sibling)
1209 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1213 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1214 if (kid->op_sibling)
1219 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1222 /* all requires must return a boolean value */
1223 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
1230 Perl_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1234 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1236 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1237 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1240 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1241 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1245 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1247 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1248 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1249 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1252 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1257 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1259 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1261 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1267 /* Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1268 * 'type' represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1269 * would do the modifying, although local() is represented by OP_NULL.
1270 * It's responsible for detecting things that can't be modified, flag
1271 * things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context (e.g., "$$x = 5"
1272 * might have to vivify a reference in $x), and so on.
1274 * For example, "$a+1 = 2" would cause mod() to be called with o being
1275 * OP_ADD and type being OP_SASSIGN, and would output an error.
1279 Perl_mod(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1283 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1286 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1289 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1290 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1295 switch (o->op_type) {
1301 if (!(o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE))
1304 if (PL_eval_start && PL_eval_start->op_type == OP_CONST) {
1305 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling,
1306 (I32)SvIV(cSVOPx(PL_eval_start)->op_sv));
1310 SAVECOPARYBASE(&PL_compiling);
1311 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling, 0);
1313 else if (type == OP_REFGEN)
1316 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "That use of $[ is unsupported");
1319 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1323 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN) &&
1324 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1325 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1326 /* The default is to set op_private to the number of children,
1327 which for a UNOP such as RV2CV is always 1. And w're using
1328 the bit for a flag in RV2CV, so we need it clear. */
1329 o->op_private &= ~1;
1330 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1331 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1332 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1335 else if (o->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD)
1337 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1338 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1339 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1340 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1341 /* Backward compatibility mode: */
1342 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1345 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1346 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1350 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1351 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1353 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1354 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1355 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1356 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1358 while (kid->op_sibling)
1359 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1360 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1362 if (kid->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED
1363 || kid->op_type == OP_METHOD)
1367 NewOp(1101, newop, 1, UNOP);
1368 newop->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1369 newop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1370 newop->op_first = NULL;
1371 newop->op_next = (OP*)newop;
1372 kid->op_sibling = (OP*)newop;
1373 newop->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1374 newop->op_private &= ~1;
1378 if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1380 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1381 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1382 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1383 kid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1384 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1388 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1389 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1390 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1391 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1393 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1394 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1395 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1396 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1397 /* Restore RV2CV to check lvalueness */
1399 if (kid->op_next && kid->op_next != kid) { /* Happens? */
1400 okid->op_next = kid->op_next;
1401 kid->op_next = okid;
1404 okid->op_next = NULL;
1405 okid->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1407 okid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1408 okid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1409 okid->op_private &= ~1;
1413 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1423 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1424 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN)
1426 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
1427 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
1429 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
1430 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
1432 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
1446 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1455 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
1462 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1468 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
1469 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1470 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1474 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1476 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1480 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1481 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1487 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1490 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1495 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1510 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1511 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
1512 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1513 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1515 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1516 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1520 if (!type) /* local() */
1521 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %s",
1522 PAD_COMPNAME_PV(o->op_targ));
1530 if (type != OP_SASSIGN)
1534 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
1539 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1540 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1542 pad_free(o->op_targ);
1543 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
1544 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
1545 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1546 mod(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
1551 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1552 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
1553 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
1554 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
1555 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1556 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1566 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1567 mod(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
1572 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
1574 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1576 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
1577 mod(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
1583 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1588 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1590 break; /* mod()ing was handled by ck_return() */
1593 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
1594 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
1596 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
1597 PL_check[o->op_type] == MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_ck_ftst))
1600 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1601 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1603 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
1604 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
1605 else if (!type) { /* local() */
1608 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1609 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
1610 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1615 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1616 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1617 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
1621 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
1622 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1623 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1628 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
1632 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
1656 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1676 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
1678 switch (o->op_type) {
1686 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
1699 Perl_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1701 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1703 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1710 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
1715 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1718 switch (o->op_type) {
1720 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1721 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1722 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1723 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1724 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1725 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
1726 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
1727 o->op_private &= ~1;
1732 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1733 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
1736 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
1737 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
1738 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1741 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
1742 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
1743 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
1745 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1752 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1755 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
1756 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
1757 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1763 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1768 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1770 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
1774 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1775 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
1776 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
1777 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
1779 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1789 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1791 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
1801 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1806 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
1807 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
1808 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
1810 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
1811 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
1813 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1817 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
1819 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
1820 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
1821 rop = append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
1822 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
1823 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
1830 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
1835 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
1836 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
1837 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
1839 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
1840 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
1843 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
1844 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
1845 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
1846 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
1848 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
1849 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
1852 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
1853 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
1855 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1856 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
1857 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1858 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
1860 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
1866 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
1869 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
1875 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
1876 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
1877 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
1879 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
1880 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
1882 /* Need package name for method call. */
1883 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
1885 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
1886 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
1888 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
1889 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
1890 arg = prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1891 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
1892 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1893 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
1894 mod(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
1895 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
1897 /* Fake up a method call to import */
1898 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
1899 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
1900 append_elem(OP_LIST,
1901 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
1902 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
1903 imop->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD;
1905 /* Combine the ops. */
1906 *imopsp = append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
1910 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
1912 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
1913 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
1914 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
1915 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
1916 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
1917 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
1918 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
1919 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
1920 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
1921 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
1927 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
1928 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
1933 len = strlen(attrstr);
1937 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
1939 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
1940 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
1941 attrs = append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
1942 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
1943 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
1947 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
1948 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
1949 NULL, prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1950 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
1951 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1952 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
1958 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
1963 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1967 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1968 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
1972 if (type == OP_LIST) {
1974 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1975 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
1976 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF
1982 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
1984 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
1985 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
1986 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
1988 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
1990 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
1992 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
1993 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
1994 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
1995 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
1996 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
1997 type == OP_RV2AV ? (SV*)GvAV(gv) :
1998 type == OP_RV2HV ? (SV*)GvHV(gv) : (SV*)gv),
2001 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2004 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2007 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2009 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2011 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2013 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2016 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2019 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2020 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2022 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2023 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2025 stash = PL_curstash;
2026 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2028 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2029 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2030 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state)
2031 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2036 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2040 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2042 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2043 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2045 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2055 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2057 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2058 o = scalar(append_list(OP_LIST, (LISTOP*)rops, (LISTOP*)o));
2059 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2062 o = append_list(OP_LIST, (LISTOP*)o, (LISTOP*)rops);
2064 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2065 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2070 Perl_my(pTHX_ OP *o)
2072 return my_attrs(o, NULL);
2076 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2078 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2080 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2085 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2089 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2090 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2092 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2093 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2095 const char * const desc
2096 = PL_op_desc[(rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS)
2097 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2098 const char * const sample = ((ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV)
2099 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2100 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2101 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2102 desc, sample, sample);
2105 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2106 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2107 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2109 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2112 ismatchop = rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2113 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2115 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2117 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2119 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2122 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2123 if (rtype != OP_MATCH &&
2124 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2125 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL))
2126 newleft = mod(left, rtype);
2129 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS)
2130 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2132 o = prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2134 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2138 return bind_match(type, left,
2139 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0));
2143 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2147 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2151 Perl_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2155 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2156 o = prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2157 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2158 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2160 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2162 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2163 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2164 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2165 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2168 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2169 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2171 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2176 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2182 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2185 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2186 pad_block_start(full);
2188 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2189 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2190 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2195 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2198 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2199 OP* const retval = scalarseq(seq);
2201 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2203 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2212 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy("$_");
2213 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2214 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2217 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2218 o->op_targ = offset;
2224 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2230 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2231 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2232 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2233 PL_eval_start = linklist(PL_eval_root);
2234 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2235 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2236 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2237 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2240 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2241 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2243 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2246 PL_main_root = scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2247 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2248 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2249 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2250 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2251 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2252 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2255 /* Register with debugger */
2258 = Perl_get_cvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN("DB::postponed"), 0);
2262 XPUSHs((SV*)CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling));
2264 call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
2271 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2274 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2275 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2276 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2283 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
2284 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
2285 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
2287 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
2290 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
2291 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2295 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
2296 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
2299 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
2301 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2307 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
2308 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
2309 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
2311 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2313 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
2323 o = mod(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
2324 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2325 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2330 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
2332 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
2334 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
2335 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
2341 Perl_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2346 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
2351 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
2352 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
2355 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2357 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
2358 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2360 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
2361 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
2362 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
2363 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
2364 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
2366 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
2369 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
2374 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
2375 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
2386 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
2387 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
2391 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2392 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
2394 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
2395 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
2396 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
2398 type != OP_SCALAR &&
2400 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2406 curop = LINKLIST(o);
2407 old_next = o->op_next;
2411 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2412 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
2414 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
2421 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
2422 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) /* grab pad temp? */
2423 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
2424 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
2425 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
2430 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
2431 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
2432 sv_setpvn(ERRSV,"",0);
2433 o->op_next = old_next;
2437 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
2438 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2439 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2440 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
2441 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
2442 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
2445 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2446 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2448 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
2449 delete_eval_scope();
2458 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
2459 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, (GV*)sv);
2461 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, (SV*)sv);
2462 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
2470 Perl_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2474 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
2477 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2478 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
2480 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
2486 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
2487 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
2489 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
2491 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
2492 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
2493 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
2494 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
2495 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in peep() */
2496 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
2497 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
2499 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
2508 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
2511 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
2512 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
2514 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
2516 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
2517 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
2519 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2520 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2521 o->op_flags |= flags;
2523 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
2524 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2527 return fold_constants(o);
2530 /* List constructors */
2533 Perl_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
2541 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
2542 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
2544 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
2547 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2548 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
2550 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2551 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
2553 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
2558 Perl_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, LISTOP *first, LISTOP *last)
2566 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2567 return prepend_elem(type, (OP*)first, (OP*)last);
2569 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2570 return append_elem(type, (OP*)first, (OP*)last);
2572 first->op_last->op_sibling = last->op_first;
2573 first->op_last = last->op_last;
2574 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
2577 if (last->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
2578 MADPROP *mp = last->op_first->op_madprop;
2580 while (mp->mad_next)
2582 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
2585 last->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
2588 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
2589 last->op_madprop = 0;
2592 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ (OP*)last);
2598 Perl_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
2606 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
2607 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
2608 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
2609 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
2610 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
2611 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
2614 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
2615 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
2616 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2618 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
2619 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
2621 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2625 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
2633 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
2636 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
2637 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
2638 tk->tk_type = 12345;
2640 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
2645 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
2647 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
2649 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
2654 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
2658 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
2659 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2660 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
2667 /* faked up qw list? */
2669 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
2670 SvPVX((SV*)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
2677 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2678 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2679 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2680 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2682 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
2696 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
2697 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
2707 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
2716 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2717 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2718 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2719 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2721 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
2728 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
2731 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
2737 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
2746 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2747 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2748 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2749 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2751 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
2758 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
2761 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
2765 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
2766 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
2772 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
2790 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
2794 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
2798 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
2819 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
2821 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
2825 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, const void* val, I32 vlen)
2828 Newxz(mp, 1, MADPROP);
2831 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
2832 mp->mad_type = type;
2834 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
2839 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
2841 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
2845 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
2846 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
2847 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
2848 switch (mp->mad_type) {
2852 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
2855 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
2856 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
2859 sv_free((SV*)mp->mad_val);
2862 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
2871 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
2873 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
2877 Perl_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
2879 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
2880 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
2886 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
2891 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
2893 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2894 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2897 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
2901 else if (!first && last)
2904 first->op_sibling = last;
2905 listop->op_first = first;
2906 listop->op_last = last;
2907 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2908 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
2909 pushop->op_sibling = first;
2910 listop->op_first = pushop;
2911 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2913 listop->op_last = pushop;
2916 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
2920 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
2924 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
2925 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2926 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2927 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
2929 o->op_latefreed = 0;
2933 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
2934 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2936 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
2937 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2938 return CHECKOP(type, o);
2942 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
2948 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
2949 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
2950 first = force_list(first);
2952 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
2953 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2954 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2955 unop->op_first = first;
2956 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
2957 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
2958 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
2962 return fold_constants((OP *) unop);
2966 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
2970 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
2973 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
2975 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2976 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2977 binop->op_first = first;
2978 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
2981 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
2984 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
2985 first->op_sibling = last;
2988 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
2989 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
2992 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
2994 return fold_constants((OP *)binop);
2997 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
2998 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
2999 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
3000 __attribute__pure__;
3001 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3003 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
3005 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
3007 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
3009 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
3015 Perl_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
3018 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3021 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
3022 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
3024 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3027 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3028 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3032 register short *tbl;
3034 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3035 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3036 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3038 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3041 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3044 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3046 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3047 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3049 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3050 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3064 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3065 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3068 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
3072 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
3075 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
3077 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
3081 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
3082 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
3083 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
3084 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
3088 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3091 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
3093 transv = newSVpvs("");
3095 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3097 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
3099 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3103 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
3107 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
3108 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
3110 diff = val - nextmin;
3112 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3113 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3115 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3116 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
3117 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3118 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3125 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3126 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3128 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3129 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3131 t = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff,
3132 UNICODE_ALLOW_SUPER);
3133 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3134 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
3135 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
3139 else if (!rlen && !del) {
3140 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
3143 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
3144 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
3146 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3150 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
3151 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
3152 if (tfirst > tlast) {
3153 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3155 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3157 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3164 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
3165 if (rfirst > rlast) {
3167 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3169 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3171 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3180 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
3184 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
3185 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
3186 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
3193 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
3194 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
3196 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
3197 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
3199 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
3203 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
3204 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
3207 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
3208 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
3210 if (rfirst + diff > max)
3211 max = rfirst + diff;
3213 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
3214 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
3226 else if (max > 0xff)
3231 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
3232 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
3234 swash = (SV*)swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none);
3236 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
3237 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
3238 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
3241 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
3243 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
3244 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
3246 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
3247 (void)hv_store((HV*)SvRV(swash), "FINAL", 5,
3248 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
3251 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3257 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3258 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3266 tbl = (short*)cPVOPo->op_pv;
3268 Zero(tbl, 256, short);
3269 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
3271 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
3273 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3282 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3292 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3294 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
3299 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
3300 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
3301 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
3303 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
3304 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
3305 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
3309 if (!rlen && !del) {
3312 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3314 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
3315 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3317 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
3319 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
3320 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3322 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
3328 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
3329 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3336 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3338 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3339 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3349 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3354 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
3355 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3356 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3357 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3358 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3360 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
3361 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
3362 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
3363 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_LOCALE;
3367 if (av_len((AV*) PL_regex_pad[0]) > -1) {
3368 SV * const repointer = av_pop((AV*)PL_regex_pad[0]);
3369 pmop->op_pmoffset = SvIV(repointer);
3370 SvREPADTMP_off(repointer);
3371 sv_setiv(repointer,0);
3373 SV * const repointer = newSViv(0);
3374 av_push(PL_regex_padav, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(repointer));
3375 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
3376 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
3380 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
3383 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
3384 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
3385 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
3388 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
3389 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
3390 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
3391 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
3392 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
3396 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg)
3401 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
3405 if (o->op_type == OP_SUBST || o->op_type == OP_TRANS) {
3406 /* last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
3408 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
3409 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
3410 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
3411 kid = kid->op_sibling;
3412 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
3413 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
3416 if (isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST &&
3417 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last)
3419 /* convert single element list to element */
3420 OP* const oe = expr;
3421 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling;
3422 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
3423 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
3427 if (o->op_type == OP_TRANS) {
3428 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
3431 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
3435 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3438 if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST) {
3439 SV *pat = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3440 U32 pm_flags = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_COMPILETIME;
3442 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
3443 pm_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
3446 assert (SvUTF8(pat));
3447 } else if (SvUTF8(pat)) {
3448 /* Not doing UTF-8, despite what the SV says. Is this only if we're
3449 trapped in use 'bytes'? */
3450 /* Make a copy of the octet sequence, but without the flag on, as
3451 the compiler now honours the SvUTF8 flag on pat. */
3453 const char *const p = SvPV(pat, len);
3454 pat = newSVpvn_flags(p, len, SVs_TEMP);
3457 PM_SETRE(pm, CALLREGCOMP(pat, pm_flags));
3460 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
3466 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
3467 expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)
3469 : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
3471 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
3472 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
3473 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
3474 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
3475 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
3476 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
3477 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
3478 rcop->op_private = 1;
3481 rcop->op_targ = pad_alloc(rcop->op_type, SVs_PADTMP);
3483 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
3486 /* establish postfix order */
3487 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)) {
3489 rcop->op_next = expr;
3490 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3493 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
3494 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3497 prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
3502 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
3504 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
3505 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
3507 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
3511 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3512 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
3513 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
3514 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
3515 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
3516 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
3518 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
3521 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
3523 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
3524 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
3525 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
3526 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
3527 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
3530 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
3531 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
3532 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
3533 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
3537 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
3538 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
3548 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
3550 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
3551 prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
3554 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
3555 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
3557 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
3558 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
3559 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
3560 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
3561 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3562 rcop->op_private = 1;
3565 /* establish postfix order */
3566 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
3567 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3569 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
3570 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
3571 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
3580 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
3584 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
3585 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3586 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3588 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
3589 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3590 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3592 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3593 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3594 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
3599 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
3603 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
3604 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3605 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3606 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3607 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
3608 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
3611 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
3612 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3613 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3615 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3616 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3617 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
3622 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
3628 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
3630 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
3635 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
3639 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
3640 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3641 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3643 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
3644 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3645 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3647 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3648 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3649 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
3657 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
3660 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
3665 save_hptr(&PL_curstash);
3666 save_item(PL_curstname);
3668 PL_curstash = gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD);
3670 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
3672 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3673 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
3674 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
3679 if (!PL_madskills) {
3684 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
3685 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
3695 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
3702 OP *pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
3705 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
3706 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
3709 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
3714 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
3717 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
3718 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
3725 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
3726 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be constant number");
3728 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
3729 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
3731 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
3732 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
3733 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
3734 append_elem(OP_LIST,
3735 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
3736 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
3740 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
3741 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3743 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
3744 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
3746 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
3747 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
3749 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
3755 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
3757 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
3758 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
3760 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
3762 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
3763 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
3764 append_elem(OP_LIST,
3765 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
3766 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
3769 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
3771 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
3774 append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
3775 append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
3776 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
3777 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
3778 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
3780 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
3781 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
3782 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
3783 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
3784 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
3785 * filesystems the script will stop working.
3787 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
3788 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
3789 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
3790 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
3792 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
3793 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
3794 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
3797 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3798 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
3799 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
3800 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
3803 if (!PL_madskills) {
3804 /* FIXME - don't allocate pegop if !PL_madskills */
3813 =head1 Embedding Functions
3815 =for apidoc load_module
3817 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
3818 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
3819 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
3820 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
3821 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
3822 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
3823 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
3824 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
3829 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
3832 va_start(args, ver);
3833 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
3837 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3839 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
3843 va_start(args, ver);
3844 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
3850 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
3855 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
3856 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
3858 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
3862 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
3863 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
3865 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
3866 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
3871 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
3873 imop = append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
3874 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
3878 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
3879 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
3880 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
3881 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
3882 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
3885 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
3886 lex_start(NULL, NULL, FALSE);
3887 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
3888 veop, modname, imop);
3893 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
3899 if (!force_builtin) {
3900 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3901 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
3902 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
3903 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3907 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
3908 doop = ck_subr(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
3909 append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
3910 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
3911 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv))))));
3914 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
3920 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
3922 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
3923 list(force_list(subscript)),
3924 list(force_list(listval)) );
3928 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
3936 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
3937 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
3939 flags = o->op_flags;
3941 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
3942 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3943 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
3948 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
3952 if (type == OP_LIST &&
3953 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
3954 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
3957 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
3958 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
3959 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
3962 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
3965 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
3972 Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
3978 if (optype == OP_ANDASSIGN || optype == OP_ORASSIGN || optype == OP_DORASSIGN) {
3979 return newLOGOP(optype, 0,
3980 mod(scalar(left), optype),
3981 newUNOP(OP_SASSIGN, 0, scalar(right)));
3984 return newBINOP(optype, OPf_STACKED,
3985 mod(scalar(left), optype), scalar(right));
3989 if (is_list_assignment(left)) {
3990 static const char no_list_state[] = "Initialization of state variables"
3991 " in list context currently forbidden";
3995 /* Grandfathering $[ assignment here. Bletch.*/
3996 /* Only simple assignments like C<< ($[) = 1 >> are allowed */
3997 PL_eval_start = (left->op_type == OP_CONST) ? right : NULL;
3998 left = mod(left, OP_AASSIGN);
4001 else if (left->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4003 /* Result of assignment is always 1 (or we'd be dead already) */
4004 return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1));
4006 curop = list(force_list(left));
4007 o = newBINOP(OP_AASSIGN, flags, list(force_list(right)), curop);
4008 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4010 /* PL_generation sorcery:
4011 * an assignment like ($a,$b) = ($c,$d) is easier than
4012 * ($a,$b) = ($c,$a), since there is no need for temporary vars.
4013 * To detect whether there are common vars, the global var
4014 * PL_generation is incremented for each assign op we compile.
4015 * Then, while compiling the assign op, we run through all the
4016 * variables on both sides of the assignment, setting a spare slot
4017 * in each of them to PL_generation. If any of them already have
4018 * that value, we know we've got commonality. We could use a
4019 * single bit marker, but then we'd have to make 2 passes, first
4020 * to clear the flag, then to test and set it. To find somewhere
4021 * to store these values, evil chicanery is done with SvUVX().
4027 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4028 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
4029 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4030 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4032 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4034 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4036 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4037 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4038 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4039 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4041 if (PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(curop->op_targ)
4042 == (STRLEN)PL_generation)
4044 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(curop->op_targ, PL_generation);
4047 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4049 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4050 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4051 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4052 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4053 if (lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /* funny deref? */
4056 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
4058 if (((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
4059 GV *const gv = (GV*)PAD_SVl(((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff);
4061 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4063 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4067 = ((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv;
4070 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4072 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4082 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_COMMON;
4085 if ((left->op_type == OP_LIST
4086 || (left->op_type == OP_NULL && left->op_targ == OP_LIST))) {
4087 OP* lop = ((LISTOP*)left)->op_first;
4089 if (lop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4090 lop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4091 lop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4092 lop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4093 if (lop->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
4094 if (left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
4095 /* Each variable in state($a, $b, $c) = ... */
4098 /* Each state variable in
4099 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
4101 yyerror(no_list_state);
4103 /* Each my variable in
4104 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
4107 /* Other ops in the list. undef may be interesting in
4108 (state $a, undef, state $c) */
4110 lop = lop->op_sibling;
4113 else if (((left->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpPAD_STATE))
4114 == (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpPAD_STATE))
4115 && ( left->op_type == OP_PADSV
4116 || left->op_type == OP_PADAV
4117 || left->op_type == OP_PADHV
4118 || left->op_type == OP_PADANY))
4120 /* All single variable list context state assignments, hence
4130 yyerror(no_list_state);
4133 if (right && right->op_type == OP_SPLIT && !PL_madskills) {
4134 OP* tmpop = ((LISTOP*)right)->op_first;
4135 if (tmpop && (tmpop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)) {
4136 PMOP * const pm = (PMOP*)tmpop;
4137 if (left->op_type == OP_RV2AV &&
4138 !(left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) &&
4139 !(o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_COMMON) )
4141 tmpop = ((UNOP*)left)->op_first;
4142 if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV
4144 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
4146 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
4150 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
4151 = cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix;
4152 cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix = 0; /* steal it */
4154 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
4155 = (GV*)cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv;
4156 cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv = NULL; /* steal it */
4158 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_ONCE;
4159 tmpop = cUNOPo->op_first; /* to list (nulled) */
4160 tmpop = ((UNOP*)tmpop)->op_first; /* to pushmark */
4161 tmpop->op_sibling = NULL; /* don't free split */
4162 right->op_next = tmpop->op_next; /* fix starting loc */
4163 op_free(o); /* blow off assign */
4164 right->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
4165 /* "I don't know and I don't care." */
4170 if (PL_modcount < RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER &&
4171 ((LISTOP*)right)->op_last->op_type == OP_CONST)
4173 SV *sv = ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)right)->op_last)->op_sv;
4175 sv_setiv(sv, PL_modcount+1);
4183 right = newOP(OP_UNDEF, 0);
4184 if (right->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
4185 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
4186 return newBINOP(OP_NULL, flags, mod(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN), scalar(right));
4189 PL_eval_start = right; /* Grandfathering $[ assignment here. Bletch.*/
4190 o = newBINOP(OP_SASSIGN, flags,
4191 scalar(right), mod(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN) );
4197 o = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(CopARYBASE_get(&PL_compiling)));
4198 o->op_private |= OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
4205 Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)
4208 const U32 seq = intro_my();
4211 NewOp(1101, cop, 1, COP);
4212 if (PERLDB_LINE && CopLINE(PL_curcop) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
4213 cop->op_type = OP_DBSTATE;
4214 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_DBSTATE ];
4217 cop->op_type = OP_NEXTSTATE;
4218 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_NEXTSTATE ];
4220 cop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4221 CopHINTS_set(cop, PL_hints);
4223 cop->op_private |= NATIVE_HINTS;
4225 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, CopHINTS_get(cop));
4226 cop->op_next = (OP*)cop;
4229 CopLABEL_set(cop, label);
4230 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4233 /* CopARYBASE is now "virtual", in that it's stored as a flag bit in
4234 CopHINTS and a possible value in cop_hints_hash, so no need to copy it.
4236 cop->cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_curcop->cop_warnings);
4237 cop->cop_hints_hash = PL_curcop->cop_hints_hash;
4238 if (cop->cop_hints_hash) {
4240 cop->cop_hints_hash->refcounted_he_refcnt++;
4241 HINTS_REFCNT_UNLOCK;
4244 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline == NOLINE)
4245 CopLINE_set(cop, CopLINE(PL_curcop));
4247 CopLINE_set(cop, PL_parser->copline);
4249 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4252 CopFILE_set(cop, CopFILE(PL_curcop)); /* XXX share in a pvtable? */
4254 CopFILEGV_set(cop, CopFILEGV(PL_curcop));
4256 CopSTASH_set(cop, PL_curstash);
4258 if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
4259 AV *av = CopFILEAVx(PL_curcop);
4261 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)CopLINE(cop), FALSE);
4262 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef ) {
4263 (void)SvIOK_on(*svp);
4264 SvIV_set(*svp, PTR2IV(cop));
4269 return prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, (OP*)cop, o);
4274 Perl_newLOGOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *other)
4277 return new_logop(type, flags, &first, &other);
4281 S_new_logop(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP** firstp, OP** otherp)
4286 OP *first = *firstp;
4287 OP * const other = *otherp;
4289 if (type == OP_XOR) /* Not short circuit, but here by precedence. */
4290 return newBINOP(type, flags, scalar(first), scalar(other));
4292 scalarboolean(first);
4293 /* optimize "!a && b" to "a || b", and "!a || b" to "a && b" */
4294 if (first->op_type == OP_NOT
4295 && (first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4296 && (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
4298 if (type == OP_AND || type == OP_OR) {
4304 first = *firstp = cUNOPo->op_first;
4306 first->op_next = o->op_next;
4307 cUNOPo->op_first = NULL;
4311 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4312 if (first->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
4313 no_bareword_allowed(first);
4314 else if ((first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE) && ckWARN(WARN_BAREWORD))
4315 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_BAREWORD), "Bareword found in conditional");
4316 if ((type == OP_AND && SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv)) ||
4317 (type == OP_OR && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv)) ||
4318 (type == OP_DOR && !SvOK(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv))) {
4320 if (other->op_type == OP_CONST)
4321 other->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
4323 OP *newop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, other);
4324 op_getmad(first, newop, '1');
4325 newop->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
4332 /* check for C<my $x if 0>, or C<my($x,$y) if 0> */
4333 const OP *o2 = other;
4334 if ( ! (o2->op_type == OP_LIST
4335 && (( o2 = cUNOPx(o2)->op_first))
4336 && o2->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
4337 && (( o2 = o2->op_sibling)) )
4340 if ((o2->op_type == OP_PADSV || o2->op_type == OP_PADAV
4341 || o2->op_type == OP_PADHV)
4342 && o2->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO
4343 && !(o2->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE)
4344 && ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED))
4346 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
4347 "Deprecated use of my() in false conditional");
4351 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST)
4352 first->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
4354 first = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, first);
4355 op_getmad(other, first, '2');
4356 first->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
4363 else if ((first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && type != OP_DOR
4364 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) /* [#24076] Don't warn for <FH> err FOO. */
4366 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)first)->op_first;
4367 const OP * const k2 = k1->op_sibling;
4369 switch (first->op_type)
4372 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
4373 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
4374 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
4376 warnop = k2->op_type;
4381 if (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
4382 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
4383 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
4384 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH)
4386 warnop = ((k1->op_type == OP_NULL)
4387 ? (OPCODE)k1->op_targ : k1->op_type);
4392 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
4393 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
4394 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
4395 "Value of %s%s can be \"0\"; test with defined()",
4397 ((warnop == OP_READLINE || warnop == OP_GLOB)
4398 ? " construct" : "() operator"));
4399 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
4406 if (type == OP_ANDASSIGN || type == OP_ORASSIGN || type == OP_DORASSIGN)
4407 other->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS; /* other is an OP_SASSIGN */
4409 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
4411 logop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4412 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4413 logop->op_first = first;
4414 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4415 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(other);
4416 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4418 /* establish postfix order */
4419 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
4420 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
4421 first->op_sibling = other;
4423 CHECKOP(type,logop);
4425 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
4432 Perl_newCONDOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *first, OP *trueop, OP *falseop)
4440 return newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, first, trueop);
4442 return newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, first, falseop);
4444 scalarboolean(first);
4445 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4446 /* Left or right arm of the conditional? */
4447 const bool left = SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv);
4448 OP *live = left ? trueop : falseop;
4449 OP *const dead = left ? falseop : trueop;
4450 if (first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
4451 first->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT) {
4452 no_bareword_allowed(first);
4455 /* This is all dead code when PERL_MAD is not defined. */
4456 live = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, live);
4457 op_getmad(first, live, 'C');
4458 op_getmad(dead, live, left ? 'e' : 't');
4465 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
4466 logop->op_type = OP_COND_EXPR;
4467 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_COND_EXPR];
4468 logop->op_first = first;
4469 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4470 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4471 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(trueop);
4472 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(falseop);
4474 CHECKOP(OP_COND_EXPR, /* that's logop->op_type */
4477 /* establish postfix order */
4478 start = LINKLIST(first);
4479 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
4481 first->op_sibling = trueop;
4482 trueop->op_sibling = falseop;
4483 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
4485 trueop->op_next = falseop->op_next = o;
4492 Perl_newRANGE(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, OP *right)
4501 NewOp(1101, range, 1, LOGOP);
4503 range->op_type = OP_RANGE;
4504 range->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RANGE];
4505 range->op_first = left;
4506 range->op_flags = OPf_KIDS;
4507 leftstart = LINKLIST(left);
4508 range->op_other = LINKLIST(right);
4509 range->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4511 left->op_sibling = right;
4513 range->op_next = (OP*)range;
4514 flip = newUNOP(OP_FLIP, flags, (OP*)range);
4515 flop = newUNOP(OP_FLOP, 0, flip);
4516 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, flop);
4518 range->op_next = leftstart;
4520 left->op_next = flip;
4521 right->op_next = flop;
4523 range->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
4524 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(range->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
4525 flip->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
4526 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(flip->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
4528 flip->op_private = left->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
4529 flop->op_private = right->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
4532 if (!flip->op_private || !flop->op_private)
4533 linklist(o); /* blow off optimizer unless constant */
4539 Perl_newLOOPOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, OP *expr, OP *block)
4544 const bool once = block && block->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL &&
4545 (block->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB || block->op_type == OP_NULL);
4547 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
4550 if (once && expr->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv))
4551 return block; /* do {} while 0 does once */
4552 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
4553 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
4554 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
4555 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
4556 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4557 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
4558 const OP * const k2 = k1 ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
4559 switch (expr->op_type) {
4561 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
4562 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
4563 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
4564 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4568 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
4569 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
4570 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
4571 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH))
4572 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4578 /* if block is null, the next append_elem() would put UNSTACK, a scalar
4579 * op, in listop. This is wrong. [perl #27024] */
4581 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4582 listop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, block, newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0));
4583 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
4586 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next = LINKLIST(o);
4588 if (once && o != listop)
4589 o->op_next = ((LOGOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_other;
4592 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o); /* or do {} while 1 loses outer block */
4594 o->op_flags |= flags;
4596 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* suppress POPBLOCK curpm restoration*/
4601 Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop, I32
4602 whileline, OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont, I32 has_my)
4611 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
4614 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
4615 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
4616 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
4617 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
4618 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4619 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
4620 const OP * const k2 = (k1) ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
4621 switch (expr->op_type) {
4623 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
4624 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
4625 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
4626 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4630 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
4631 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
4632 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
4633 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH))
4634 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4641 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4642 else if (cont || has_my) {
4643 block = scope(block);
4647 next = LINKLIST(cont);
4650 OP * const unstack = newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0);
4653 cont = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, cont, unstack);
4657 listop = append_list(OP_LINESEQ, (LISTOP*)block, (LISTOP*)cont);
4659 redo = LINKLIST(listop);
4662 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)whileline;
4664 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
4665 if (o == expr && o->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(cSVOPo->op_sv)) {
4666 op_free(expr); /* oops, it's a while (0) */
4668 return NULL; /* listop already freed by new_logop */
4671 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next =
4672 (o == listop ? redo : LINKLIST(o));
4678 NewOp(1101,loop,1,LOOP);
4679 loop->op_type = OP_ENTERLOOP;
4680 loop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERLOOP];
4681 loop->op_private = 0;
4682 loop->op_next = (OP*)loop;
4685 o = newBINOP(OP_LEAVELOOP, 0, (OP*)loop, o);
4687 loop->op_redoop = redo;
4688 loop->op_lastop = o;
4689 o->op_private |= loopflags;
4692 loop->op_nextop = next;
4694 loop->op_nextop = o;
4696 o->op_flags |= flags;
4697 o->op_private |= (flags >> 8);
4702 Perl_newFOROP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, line_t forline, OP *sv, OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont)
4707 PADOFFSET padoff = 0;
4713 if (sv->op_type == OP_RV2SV) { /* symbol table variable */
4714 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpOUR_INTRO; /* for our $x () */
4715 sv->op_type = OP_RV2GV;
4716 sv->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2GV];
4718 /* The op_type check is needed to prevent a possible segfault
4719 * if the loop variable is undeclared and 'strict vars' is in
4720 * effect. This is illegal but is nonetheless parsed, so we
4721 * may reach this point with an OP_CONST where we're expecting
4724 if (cUNOPx(sv)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
4725 && cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(sv)->op_first) == PL_defgv)
4726 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
4728 else if (sv->op_type == OP_PADSV) { /* private variable */
4729 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO; /* for my $x () */
4730 padoff = sv->op_targ;
4740 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %s for loop variable", PL_op_desc[sv->op_type]);
4742 SV *const namesv = PAD_COMPNAME_SV(padoff);
4744 const char *const name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
4746 if (len == 2 && name[0] == '$' && name[1] == '_')
4747 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
4751 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy("$_");
4752 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
4753 sv = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv);
4758 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
4760 if (expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV || expr->op_type == OP_PADAV) {
4761 expr = mod(force_list(scalar(ref(expr, OP_ITER))), OP_GREPSTART);
4762 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
4764 else if (expr->op_type == OP_NULL &&
4765 (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) &&
4766 ((BINOP*)expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP)
4768 /* Basically turn for($x..$y) into the same as for($x,$y), but we
4769 * set the STACKED flag to indicate that these values are to be
4770 * treated as min/max values by 'pp_iterinit'.
4772 const UNOP* const flip = (UNOP*)((UNOP*)((BINOP*)expr)->op_first)->op_first;
4773 LOGOP* const range = (LOGOP*) flip->op_first;
4774 OP* const left = range->op_first;
4775 OP* const right = left->op_sibling;
4778 range->op_flags &= ~OPf_KIDS;
4779 range->op_first = NULL;
4781 listop = (LISTOP*)newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, left, right);
4782 listop->op_first->op_next = range->op_next;
4783 left->op_next = range->op_other;
4784 right->op_next = (OP*)listop;
4785 listop->op_next = listop->op_first;
4788 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)listop,'O');
4792 expr = (OP*)(listop);
4794 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
4797 expr = mod(force_list(expr), OP_GREPSTART);
4800 loop = (LOOP*)list(convert(OP_ENTERITER, iterflags,
4801 append_elem(OP_LIST, expr, scalar(sv))));
4802 assert(!loop->op_next);
4803 /* for my $x () sets OPpLVAL_INTRO;
4804 * for our $x () sets OPpOUR_INTRO */
4805 loop->op_private = (U8)iterpflags;
4806 #ifdef PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC
4809 NewOp(1234,tmp,1,LOOP);