2 # Copyright (c) 1998-2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Stephen McCamant.
4 # This module is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify
5 # it under the same terms as Perl itself.
7 # This is based on the module of the same name by Malcolm Beattie,
8 # but essentially none of his code remains.
12 use B qw(class main_root main_start main_cv svref_2object opnumber perlstring
13 OPf_WANT OPf_WANT_VOID OPf_WANT_SCALAR OPf_WANT_LIST
14 OPf_KIDS OPf_REF OPf_STACKED OPf_SPECIAL OPf_MOD OPpPAD_STATE
15 OPpLVAL_INTRO OPpOUR_INTRO OPpENTERSUB_AMPER OPpSLICE OPpCONST_BARE
16 OPpTRANS_SQUASH OPpTRANS_DELETE OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT OPpTARGET_MY
17 OPpCONST_ARYBASE OPpEXISTS_SUB OPpSORT_NUMERIC OPpSORT_INTEGER
18 OPpSORT_REVERSE OPpSORT_INPLACE OPpSORT_DESCEND OPpITER_REVERSED
19 SVf_IOK SVf_NOK SVf_ROK SVf_POK SVpad_OUR SVf_FAKE SVs_RMG SVs_SMG
20 CVf_METHOD CVf_LOCKED CVf_LVALUE
21 PMf_KEEP PMf_GLOBAL PMf_CONTINUE PMf_EVAL PMf_ONCE
22 PMf_MULTILINE PMf_SINGLELINE PMf_FOLD PMf_EXTENDED),
23 ($] < 5.009 ? 'PMf_SKIPWHITE' : 'RXf_SKIPWHITE');
26 use vars qw/$AUTOLOAD/;
29 # Changes between 0.50 and 0.51:
30 # - fixed nulled leave with live enter in sort { }
31 # - fixed reference constants (\"str")
32 # - handle empty programs gracefully
33 # - handle infinte loops (for (;;) {}, while (1) {})
34 # - differentiate between `for my $x ...' and `my $x; for $x ...'
35 # - various minor cleanups
36 # - moved globals into an object
37 # - added `-u', like B::C
38 # - package declarations using cop_stash
39 # - subs, formats and code sorted by cop_seq
40 # Changes between 0.51 and 0.52:
41 # - added pp_threadsv (special variables under USE_5005THREADS)
42 # - added documentation
43 # Changes between 0.52 and 0.53:
44 # - many changes adding precedence contexts and associativity
45 # - added `-p' and `-s' output style options
46 # - various other minor fixes
47 # Changes between 0.53 and 0.54:
48 # - added support for new `for (1..100)' optimization,
50 # Changes between 0.54 and 0.55:
51 # - added support for new qr// construct
52 # - added support for new pp_regcreset OP
53 # Changes between 0.55 and 0.56:
54 # - tested on base/*.t, cmd/*.t, comp/*.t, io/*.t
55 # - fixed $# on non-lexicals broken in last big rewrite
56 # - added temporary fix for change in opcode of OP_STRINGIFY
57 # - fixed problem in 0.54's for() patch in `for (@ary)'
58 # - fixed precedence in conditional of ?:
59 # - tweaked list paren elimination in `my($x) = @_'
60 # - made continue-block detection trickier wrt. null ops
61 # - fixed various prototype problems in pp_entersub
62 # - added support for sub prototypes that never get GVs
63 # - added unquoting for special filehandle first arg in truncate
64 # - print doubled rv2gv (a bug) as `*{*GV}' instead of illegal `**GV'
65 # - added semicolons at the ends of blocks
66 # - added -l `#line' declaration option -- fixes cmd/subval.t 27,28
67 # Changes between 0.56 and 0.561:
68 # - fixed multiply-declared my var in pp_truncate (thanks to Sarathy)
69 # - used new B.pm symbolic constants (done by Nick Ing-Simmons)
70 # Changes between 0.561 and 0.57:
71 # - stylistic changes to symbolic constant stuff
72 # - handled scope in s///e replacement code
73 # - added unquote option for expanding "" into concats, etc.
74 # - split method and proto parts of pp_entersub into separate functions
75 # - various minor cleanups
77 # - added parens in \&foo (patch by Albert Dvornik)
78 # Changes between 0.57 and 0.58:
79 # - fixed `0' statements that weren't being printed
80 # - added methods for use from other programs
81 # (based on patches from James Duncan and Hugo van der Sanden)
82 # - added -si and -sT to control indenting (also based on a patch from Hugo)
83 # - added -sv to print something else instead of '???'
84 # - preliminary version of utf8 tr/// handling
86 # - uses of $op->ppaddr changed to new $op->name (done by Sarathy)
87 # - added support for Hugo's new OP_SETSTATE (like nextstate)
88 # Changes between 0.58 and 0.59
89 # - added support for Chip's OP_METHOD_NAMED
90 # - added support for Ilya's OPpTARGET_MY optimization
91 # - elided arrows before `()' subscripts when possible
92 # Changes between 0.59 and 0.60
93 # - support for method attribues was added
94 # - some warnings fixed
95 # - separate recognition of constant subs
96 # - rewrote continue block handling, now recoginizing for loops
97 # - added more control of expanding control structures
98 # Changes between 0.60 and 0.61 (mostly by Robin Houston)
100 # - support for pragmas and 'use'
101 # - support for the little-used $[ variable
102 # - support for __DATA__ sections
104 # - BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END blocks
105 # - scoping of subroutine declarations fixed
106 # - compile-time output from the input program can be suppressed, so that the
107 # output is just the deparsed code. (a change to O.pm in fact)
108 # - our() declarations
109 # - *all* the known bugs are now listed in the BUGS section
110 # - comprehensive test mechanism (TEST -deparse)
111 # Changes between 0.62 and 0.63 (mostly by Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
114 # - support for command-line switches (-l, -0, etc.)
115 # Changes between 0.63 and 0.64
116 # - support for //, CHECK blocks, and assertions
117 # - improved handling of foreach loops and lexicals
118 # - option to use Data::Dumper for constants
120 # - discovered lots more bugs not yet fixed
124 # Changes between 0.72 and 0.73
125 # - support new switch constructs
128 # (See also BUGS section at the end of this file)
130 # - finish tr/// changes
131 # - add option for even more parens (generalize \&foo change)
132 # - left/right context
133 # - copy comments (look at real text with $^P?)
134 # - avoid semis in one-statement blocks
135 # - associativity of &&=, ||=, ?:
136 # - ',' => '=>' (auto-unquote?)
137 # - break long lines ("\r" as discretionary break?)
138 # - configurable syntax highlighting: ANSI color, HTML, TeX, etc.
139 # - more style options: brace style, hex vs. octal, quotes, ...
140 # - print big ints as hex/octal instead of decimal (heuristic?)
141 # - handle `my $x if 0'?
142 # - version using op_next instead of op_first/sibling?
143 # - avoid string copies (pass arrays, one big join?)
146 # Current test.deparse failures
147 # comp/hints 6 - location of BEGIN blocks wrt. block openings
148 # run/switchI 1 - missing -I switches entirely
149 # perl -Ifoo -e 'print @INC'
150 # op/caller 2 - warning mask propagates backwards before warnings::register
151 # 'use warnings; BEGIN {${^WARNING_BITS} eq "U"x12;} use warnings::register'
152 # op/getpid 2 - can't assign to shared my() declaration (threads only)
153 # 'my $x : shared = 5'
154 # op/override 7 - parens on overriden require change v-string interpretation
155 # 'BEGIN{*CORE::GLOBAL::require=sub {}} require v5.6'
156 # c.f. 'BEGIN { *f = sub {0} }; f 2'
157 # op/pat 774 - losing Unicode-ness of Latin1-only strings
158 # 'use charnames ":short"; $x="\N{latin:a with acute}"'
159 # op/recurse 12 - missing parens on recursive call makes it look like method
161 # op/subst 90 - inconsistent handling of utf8 under "use utf8"
162 # op/taint 29 - "use re 'taint'" deparsed in the wrong place wrt. block open
163 # op/tiehandle compile - "use strict" deparsed in the wrong place
165 # ext/B/t/xref 11 - line numbers when we add newlines to one-line subs
166 # ext/Data/Dumper/t/dumper compile
167 # ext/DB_file/several
169 # ext/Ernno/Errno warnings
170 # ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_sel 23
171 # ext/PerlIO/t/encoding compile
172 # ext/POSIX/t/posix 6
173 # ext/Socket/Socket 8
174 # ext/Storable/t/croak compile
175 # lib/Attribute/Handlers/t/multi compile
176 # lib/bignum/ several
180 # lib/ExtUtils/t/bytes 4
181 # lib/File/DosGlob compile
182 # lib/Filter/Simple/t/data 1
183 # lib/Math/BigInt/t/constant 1
184 # lib/Net/t/config Deparse-warning
185 # lib/overload compile
186 # lib/Switch/ several
188 # lib/Test/Simple several
190 # lib/Tie/File/t/29_downcopy 5
193 # Object fields (were globals):
196 # (local($a), local($b)) and local($a, $b) have the same internal
197 # representation but the short form looks better. We notice we can
198 # use a large-scale local when checking the list, but need to prevent
199 # individual locals too. This hash holds the addresses of OPs that
200 # have already had their local-ness accounted for. The same thing
204 # CV for current sub (or main program) being deparsed
207 # Cached hash of lexical variables for curcv: keys are names,
208 # each value is an array of pairs, indicating the cop_seq of scopes
209 # in which a var of that name is valid.
212 # COP for statement being deparsed
215 # name of the current package for deparsed code
218 # array of [cop_seq, CV, is_format?] for subs and formats we still
222 # as above, but [name, prototype] for subs that never got a GV
224 # subs_done, forms_done:
225 # keys are addresses of GVs for subs and formats we've already
226 # deparsed (or at least put into subs_todo)
229 # keys are names of subs for which we've printed declarations.
230 # That means we can omit parentheses from the arguments.
233 # Keeps track of fully qualified names of all deparsed subs.
238 # cuddle: ` ' or `\n', depending on -sC
243 # A little explanation of how precedence contexts and associativity
246 # deparse() calls each per-op subroutine with an argument $cx (short
247 # for context, but not the same as the cx* in the perl core), which is
248 # a number describing the op's parents in terms of precedence, whether
249 # they're inside an expression or at statement level, etc. (see
250 # chart below). When ops with children call deparse on them, they pass
251 # along their precedence. Fractional values are used to implement
252 # associativity (`($x + $y) + $z' => `$x + $y + $y') and related
253 # parentheses hacks. The major disadvantage of this scheme is that
254 # it doesn't know about right sides and left sides, so say if you
255 # assign a listop to a variable, it can't tell it's allowed to leave
256 # the parens off the listop.
259 # 26 [TODO] inside interpolation context ("")
260 # 25 left terms and list operators (leftward)
264 # 21 right ! ~ \ and unary + and -
269 # 16 nonassoc named unary operators
270 # 15 nonassoc < > <= >= lt gt le ge
271 # 14 nonassoc == != <=> eq ne cmp
278 # 7 right = += -= *= etc.
280 # 5 nonassoc list operators (rightward)
284 # 1 statement modifiers
285 # 0.5 statements, but still print scopes as do { ... }
288 # Nonprinting characters with special meaning:
289 # \cS - steal parens (see maybe_parens_unop)
290 # \n - newline and indent
291 # \t - increase indent
292 # \b - decrease indent (`outdent')
293 # \f - flush left (no indent)
294 # \cK - kill following semicolon, if any
298 return class($op) eq "NULL";
303 my($cv, $is_form) = @_;
304 return unless ($cv->FILE eq $0 || exists $self->{files}{$cv->FILE});
306 if ($cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ) {
307 $seq = $cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ;
308 } elsif (!null($cv->START) and is_state($cv->START)) {
309 $seq = $cv->START->cop_seq;
313 push @{$self->{'subs_todo'}}, [$seq, $cv, $is_form];
314 unless ($is_form || class($cv->STASH) eq 'SPECIAL') {
315 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$cv->STASH->NAME."::".$cv->GV->NAME} = 1;
321 my $ent = shift @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
324 my $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
326 return "format $name =\n"
327 . $self->deparse_format($ent->[1]). "\n";
329 $self->{'subs_declared'}{$name} = 1;
330 if ($name eq "BEGIN") {
331 my $use_dec = $self->begin_is_use($cv);
332 if (defined ($use_dec) and $self->{'expand'} < 5) {
333 return () if 0 == length($use_dec);
338 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
339 my $line = $gv->LINE;
340 my $file = $gv->FILE;
341 $l = "\n\f#line $line \"$file\"\n";
344 if (class($cv->STASH) ne "SPECIAL") {
345 my $stash = $cv->STASH->NAME;
346 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
347 $p = "package $stash;\n";
348 $name = "$self->{'curstash'}::$name" unless $name =~ /::/;
349 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
351 $name =~ s/^\Q$stash\E::(?!\z|.*::)//;
353 return "${p}${l}sub $name " . $self->deparse_sub($cv);
357 # Return a "use" declaration for this BEGIN block, if appropriate
359 my ($self, $cv) = @_;
360 my $root = $cv->ROOT;
361 local @$self{qw'curcv curcvlex'} = ($cv);
363 #B::walkoptree($cv->ROOT, "debug");
364 my $lineseq = $root->first;
365 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
367 my $req_op = $lineseq->first->sibling;
368 return if $req_op->name ne "require";
371 if ($req_op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
372 # Actually it should always be a bareword
373 $module = $self->const_sv($req_op->first)->PV;
374 $module =~ s[/][::]g;
378 $module = $self->const($self->const_sv($req_op->first), 6);
382 my $version_op = $req_op->sibling;
383 return if class($version_op) eq "NULL";
384 if ($version_op->name eq "lineseq") {
385 # We have a version parameter; skip nextstate & pushmark
386 my $constop = $version_op->first->next->next;
388 return unless $self->const_sv($constop)->PV eq $module;
389 $constop = $constop->sibling;
390 $version = $self->const_sv($constop);
391 if (class($version) eq "IV") {
392 $version = $version->int_value;
393 } elsif (class($version) eq "NV") {
394 $version = $version->NV;
395 } elsif (class($version) ne "PVMG") {
396 # Includes PVIV and PVNV
397 $version = $version->PV;
399 # version specified as a v-string
400 $version = 'v'.join '.', map ord, split //, $version->PV;
402 $constop = $constop->sibling;
403 return if $constop->name ne "method_named";
404 return if $self->const_sv($constop)->PV ne "VERSION";
407 $lineseq = $version_op->sibling;
408 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
409 my $entersub = $lineseq->first->sibling;
410 if ($entersub->name eq "stub") {
411 return "use $module $version ();\n" if defined $version;
412 return "use $module ();\n";
414 return if $entersub->name ne "entersub";
416 # See if there are import arguments
419 my $svop = $entersub->first->sibling; # Skip over pushmark
420 return unless $self->const_sv($svop)->PV eq $module;
422 # Pull out the arguments
423 for ($svop=$svop->sibling; $svop->name ne "method_named";
424 $svop = $svop->sibling) {
425 $args .= ", " if length($args);
426 $args .= $self->deparse($svop, 6);
430 my $method_named = $svop;
431 return if $method_named->name ne "method_named";
432 my $method_name = $self->const_sv($method_named)->PV;
434 if ($method_name eq "unimport") {
438 # Certain pragmas are dealt with using hint bits,
439 # so we ignore them here
440 if ($module eq 'strict' || $module eq 'integer'
441 || $module eq 'bytes' || $module eq 'warnings') {
445 if (defined $version && length $args) {
446 return "$use $module $version ($args);\n";
447 } elsif (defined $version) {
448 return "$use $module $version;\n";
449 } elsif (length $args) {
450 return "$use $module ($args);\n";
452 return "$use $module;\n";
457 my ($self, $pack) = @_;
459 if (!defined $pack) {
464 $pack =~ s/(::)?$/::/;
468 my %stash = svref_2object($stash)->ARRAY;
469 while (my ($key, $val) = each %stash) {
470 my $class = class($val);
471 if ($class eq "PV") {
472 # Just a prototype. As an ugly but fairly effective way
473 # to find out if it belongs here is to see if the AUTOLOAD
474 # (if any) for the stash was defined in one of our files.
475 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
476 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
477 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
479 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
481 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, $val->PV];
482 } elsif ($class eq "IV") {
483 # Just a name. As above.
484 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
485 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
486 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
488 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
490 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, undef];
491 } elsif ($class eq "GV") {
492 if (class(my $cv = $val->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
493 next if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$val}++;
494 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
497 if (class(my $cv = $val->FORM) ne "SPECIAL") {
498 next if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$val}++;
499 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
502 if (class($val->HV) ne "SPECIAL" && $key =~ /::$/) {
503 $self->stash_subs($pack . $key)
504 unless $pack eq '' && $key eq 'main::';
505 # avoid infinite recursion
515 foreach $ar (@{$self->{'protos_todo'}}) {
516 my $proto = (defined $ar->[1] ? " (". $ar->[1] . ")" : "");
517 push @ret, "sub " . $ar->[0] . "$proto;\n";
519 delete $self->{'protos_todo'};
527 while (length($opt = substr($opts, 0, 1))) {
529 $self->{'cuddle'} = " ";
530 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
531 } elsif ($opt eq "i") {
532 $opts =~ s/^i(\d+)//;
533 $self->{'indent_size'} = $1;
534 } elsif ($opt eq "T") {
535 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 1;
536 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
537 } elsif ($opt eq "v") {
538 $opts =~ s/^v([^.]*)(.|$)//;
539 $self->{'ex_const'} = $1;
546 my $self = bless {}, $class;
547 $self->{'cuddle'} = "\n";
548 $self->{'curcop'} = undef;
549 $self->{'curstash'} = "main";
550 $self->{'ex_const'} = "'???'";
551 $self->{'expand'} = 0;
552 $self->{'files'} = {};
553 $self->{'indent_size'} = 4;
554 $self->{'linenums'} = 0;
555 $self->{'parens'} = 0;
556 $self->{'subs_todo'} = [];
557 $self->{'unquote'} = 0;
558 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 0;
559 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 0;
561 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = 0;
562 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = undef; # Assume no lexical warnings
563 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = 0;
566 while (my $arg = shift @_) {
568 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 1;
569 require Data::Dumper;
570 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-f(.*)/) {
571 $self->{'files'}{$1} = 1;
572 } elsif ($arg eq "-l") {
573 $self->{'linenums'} = 1;
574 } elsif ($arg eq "-p") {
575 $self->{'parens'} = 1;
576 } elsif ($arg eq "-P") {
577 $self->{'noproto'} = 1;
578 } elsif ($arg eq "-q") {
579 $self->{'unquote'} = 1;
580 } elsif (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-s") {
581 $self->style_opts(substr $arg, 2);
582 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-x(\d)$/) {
583 $self->{'expand'} = $1;
590 # Mask out the bits that L<warnings::register> uses
593 $WARN_MASK = $warnings::Bits{all} | $warnings::DeadBits{all};
600 # Initialise the contextual information, either from
601 # defaults provided with the ambient_pragmas method,
602 # or from perl's own defaults otherwise.
606 $self->{'arybase'} = $self->{'ambient_arybase'};
607 $self->{'warnings'} = defined ($self->{'ambient_warnings'})
608 ? $self->{'ambient_warnings'} & WARN_MASK
610 $self->{'hints'} = $self->{'ambient_hints'};
611 $self->{'hints'} &= 0xFF if $] < 5.009;
613 # also a convenient place to clear out subs_declared
614 delete $self->{'subs_declared'};
620 my $self = B::Deparse->new(@args);
621 # First deparse command-line args
622 if (defined $^I) { # deparse -i
623 print q(BEGIN { $^I = ).perlstring($^I).qq(; }\n);
625 if ($^W) { # deparse -w
626 print qq(BEGIN { \$^W = $^W; }\n);
628 if ($/ ne "\n" or defined $O::savebackslash) { # deparse -l and -0
629 my $fs = perlstring($/) || 'undef';
630 my $bs = perlstring($O::savebackslash) || 'undef';
631 print qq(BEGIN { \$/ = $fs; \$\\ = $bs; }\n);
633 my @BEGINs = B::begin_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::begin_av->ARRAY : ();
634 my @UNITCHECKs = B::unitcheck_av->isa("B::AV")
635 ? B::unitcheck_av->ARRAY
637 my @CHECKs = B::check_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::check_av->ARRAY : ();
638 my @INITs = B::init_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::init_av->ARRAY : ();
639 my @ENDs = B::end_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::end_av->ARRAY : ();
640 for my $block (@BEGINs, @UNITCHECKs, @CHECKs, @INITs, @ENDs) {
641 $self->todo($block, 0);
644 local($SIG{"__DIE__"}) =
646 if ($self->{'curcop'}) {
647 my $cop = $self->{'curcop'};
648 my($line, $file) = ($cop->line, $cop->file);
649 print STDERR "While deparsing $file near line $line,\n";
652 $self->{'curcv'} = main_cv;
653 $self->{'curcvlex'} = undef;
654 print $self->print_protos;
655 @{$self->{'subs_todo'}} =
656 sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]} @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
657 print $self->indent($self->deparse_root(main_root)), "\n"
658 unless null main_root;
660 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})) {
661 push @text, $self->next_todo;
663 print $self->indent(join("", @text)), "\n" if @text;
665 # Print __DATA__ section, if necessary
667 my $laststash = defined $self->{'curcop'}
668 ? $self->{'curcop'}->stash->NAME : $self->{'curstash'};
669 if (defined *{$laststash."::DATA"}{IO}) {
670 print "package $laststash;\n"
671 unless $laststash eq $self->{'curstash'};
673 print readline(*{$laststash."::DATA"});
681 croak "Usage: ->coderef2text(CODEREF)" unless UNIVERSAL::isa($sub, "CODE");
684 return $self->indent($self->deparse_sub(svref_2object($sub)));
687 sub ambient_pragmas {
689 my ($arybase, $hint_bits, $warning_bits) = (0, 0);
695 if ($name eq 'strict') {
698 if ($val eq 'none') {
699 $hint_bits &= ~strict::bits(qw/refs subs vars/);
705 @names = qw/refs subs vars/;
711 @names = split' ', $val;
713 $hint_bits |= strict::bits(@names);
716 elsif ($name eq '$[') {
720 elsif ($name eq 'integer'
722 || $name eq 'utf8') {
725 $hint_bits |= ${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
728 $hint_bits &= ~${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
732 elsif ($name eq 're') {
734 if ($val eq 'none') {
735 $hint_bits &= ~re::bits(qw/taint eval/);
741 @names = qw/taint eval/;
747 @names = split' ',$val;
749 $hint_bits |= re::bits(@names);
752 elsif ($name eq 'warnings') {
753 if ($val eq 'none') {
754 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
763 @names = split/\s+/, $val;
766 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE if !defined ($warning_bits);
767 $warning_bits |= warnings::bits(@names);
770 elsif ($name eq 'warning_bits') {
771 $warning_bits = $val;
774 elsif ($name eq 'hint_bits') {
779 croak "Unknown pragma type: $name";
783 croak "The ambient_pragmas method expects an even number of args";
786 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = $arybase;
787 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = $warning_bits;
788 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = $hint_bits;
791 # This method is the inner loop, so try to keep it simple
796 Carp::confess("Null op in deparse") if !defined($op)
797 || class($op) eq "NULL";
798 my $meth = "pp_" . $op->name;
799 return $self->$meth($op, $cx);
805 my @lines = split(/\n/, $txt);
810 my $cmd = substr($line, 0, 1);
811 if ($cmd eq "\t" or $cmd eq "\b") {
812 $level += ($cmd eq "\t" ? 1 : -1) * $self->{'indent_size'};
813 if ($self->{'use_tabs'}) {
814 $leader = "\t" x ($level / 8) . " " x ($level % 8);
816 $leader = " " x $level;
818 $line = substr($line, 1);
820 if (substr($line, 0, 1) eq "\f") {
821 $line = substr($line, 1); # no indent
823 $line = $leader . $line;
827 return join("\n", @lines);
834 Carp::confess("NULL in deparse_sub") if !defined($cv) || $cv->isa("B::NULL");
835 Carp::confess("SPECIAL in deparse_sub") if $cv->isa("B::SPECIAL");
836 local $self->{'curcop'} = $self->{'curcop'};
837 if ($cv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
838 $proto = "(". $cv->PV . ") ";
840 if ($cv->CvFLAGS & (CVf_METHOD|CVf_LOCKED|CVf_LVALUE)) {
842 $proto .= "lvalue " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LVALUE;
843 $proto .= "locked " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LOCKED;
844 $proto .= "method " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_METHOD;
847 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $cv;
848 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
849 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
850 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
852 if (not null $cv->ROOT) {
853 my $lineseq = $cv->ROOT->first;
854 if ($lineseq->name eq "lineseq") {
856 for(my$o=$lineseq->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
859 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, @ops).";";
860 my $scope_en = $self->find_scope_en($lineseq);
861 if (defined $scope_en) {
862 my $subs = join"", $self->seq_subs($scope_en);
863 $body .= ";\n$subs" if length($subs);
867 $body = $self->deparse($cv->ROOT->first, 0);
871 my $sv = $cv->const_sv;
873 # uh-oh. inlinable sub... format it differently
874 return $proto . "{ " . $self->const($sv, 0) . " }\n";
875 } else { # XSUB? (or just a declaration)
879 return $proto ."{\n\t$body\n\b}" ."\n";
886 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $form;
887 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
888 local($self->{'in_format'}) = 1;
889 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
890 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
891 my $op = $form->ROOT;
893 return "\f." if $op->first->name eq 'stub'
894 || $op->first->name eq 'nextstate';
895 $op = $op->first->first; # skip leavewrite, lineseq
896 while (not null $op) {
897 $op = $op->sibling; # skip nextstate
899 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
900 push @text, "\f".$self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
901 $kid = $kid->sibling;
902 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
903 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 0);
905 push @text, "\f".join(", ", @exprs)."\n" if @exprs;
908 return join("", @text) . "\f.";
913 return $op->name eq "leave" || $op->name eq "scope"
914 || $op->name eq "lineseq"
915 || ($op->name eq "null" && class($op) eq "UNOP"
916 && (is_scope($op->first) || $op->first->name eq "enter"));
920 my $name = $_[0]->name;
921 return $name eq "nextstate" || $name eq "dbstate" || $name eq "setstate";
924 sub is_miniwhile { # check for one-line loop (`foo() while $y--')
926 return (!null($op) and null($op->sibling)
927 and $op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
928 and (($op->first->name =~ /^(and|or)$/
929 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "lineseq")
930 or ($op->first->name eq "lineseq"
931 and not null $op->first->first->sibling
932 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "unstack")
936 # Check if the op and its sibling are the initialization and the rest of a
937 # for (..;..;..) { ... } loop
940 # This OP might be almost anything, though it won't be a
941 # nextstate. (It's the initialization, so in the canonical case it
942 # will be an sassign.) The sibling is a lineseq whose first child
943 # is a nextstate and whose second is a leaveloop.
944 my $lseq = $op->sibling;
945 if (!is_state $op and !null($lseq) and $lseq->name eq "lineseq") {
946 if ($lseq->first && !null($lseq->first) && is_state($lseq->first)
947 && (my $sib = $lseq->first->sibling)) {
948 return (!null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop");
956 return ($op->name eq "rv2sv" or
957 $op->name eq "padsv" or
958 $op->name eq "gv" or # only in array/hash constructs
959 $op->flags & OPf_KIDS && !null($op->first)
960 && $op->first->name eq "gvsv");
965 my($text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
966 if ($prec < $cx # unary ops nest just fine
967 or $prec == $cx and $cx != 4 and $cx != 16 and $cx != 21
968 or $self->{'parens'})
971 # In a unop, let parent reuse our parens; see maybe_parens_unop
972 $text = "\cS" . $text if $cx == 16;
979 # same as above, but get around the `if it looks like a function' rule
980 sub maybe_parens_unop {
982 my($name, $kid, $cx) = @_;
983 if ($cx > 16 or $self->{'parens'}) {
984 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
985 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
986 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
988 return "$name($kid)";
990 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 16);
991 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
992 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
994 if (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "\cS") {
996 return $name . substr($kid, 1);
997 } elsif (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "(") {
998 # avoid looks-like-a-function trap with extra parens
999 # (`+' can lead to ambiguities)
1000 return "$name(" . $kid . ")";
1002 return "$name $kid";
1007 sub maybe_parens_func {
1009 my($func, $text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
1010 if ($prec <= $cx or substr($text, 0, 1) eq "(" or $self->{'parens'}) {
1011 return "$func($text)";
1013 return "$func $text";
1019 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
1020 my $our_intro = ($op->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/) ? OPpOUR_INTRO : 0;
1021 if ($op->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|$our_intro)
1022 and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
1023 my $our_local = ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) ? "local" : "our";
1024 if( $our_local eq 'our' ) {
1025 # XXX This assertion fails code with non-ASCII identifiers,
1026 # like ./ext/Encode/t/jperl.t
1027 die "Unexpected our($text)\n" unless $text =~ /^\W(\w+::)*\w+\z/;
1028 $text =~ s/(\w+::)+//;
1030 if (want_scalar($op)) {
1031 return "$our_local $text";
1033 return $self->maybe_parens_func("$our_local", $text, $cx, 16);
1042 my($op, $cx, $func, @args) = @_;
1043 if ($op->private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
1044 my $var = $self->padname($op->targ);
1045 my $val = $func->($self, $op, 7, @args);
1046 return $self->maybe_parens("$var = $val", $cx, 7);
1048 return $func->($self, $op, $cx, @args);
1055 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(0)->ARRAYelt($targ);
1060 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
1061 if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
1062 my $my = $op->private & OPpPAD_STATE ? "state" : "my";
1063 if (want_scalar($op)) {
1066 return $self->maybe_parens_func($my, $text, $cx, 16);
1073 # The following OPs don't have functions:
1075 # pp_padany -- does not exist after parsing
1078 if ($AUTOLOAD =~ s/^.*::pp_//) {
1079 warn "unexpected OP_".uc $AUTOLOAD;
1082 die "Undefined subroutine $AUTOLOAD called";
1086 sub DESTROY {} # Do not AUTOLOAD
1088 # $root should be the op which represents the root of whatever
1089 # we're sequencing here. If it's undefined, then we don't append
1090 # any subroutine declarations to the deparsed ops, otherwise we
1091 # append appropriate declarations.
1093 my($self, $root, @ops) = @_;
1096 my $out_cop = $self->{'curcop'};
1097 my $out_seq = defined($out_cop) ? $out_cop->cop_seq : undef;
1099 if (defined $root) {
1100 $limit_seq = $out_seq;
1102 $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($root->sibling) if ${$root->sibling};
1103 $limit_seq = $nseq if !defined($limit_seq)
1104 or defined($nseq) && $nseq < $limit_seq;
1106 $limit_seq = $self->{'limit_seq'}
1107 if defined($self->{'limit_seq'})
1108 && (!defined($limit_seq) || $self->{'limit_seq'} < $limit_seq);
1109 local $self->{'limit_seq'} = $limit_seq;
1111 $self->walk_lineseq($root, \@ops,
1112 sub { push @exprs, $_[0]} );
1114 my $body = join(";\n", grep {length} @exprs);
1116 if (defined $root && defined $limit_seq && !$self->{'in_format'}) {
1117 $subs = join "\n", $self->seq_subs($limit_seq);
1119 return join(";\n", grep {length} $body, $subs);
1123 my($real_block, $self, $op, $cx) = @_;
1127 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
1128 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'} if $real_block;
1130 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip enter
1131 if (is_miniwhile($kid)) {
1132 my $top = $kid->first;
1133 my $name = $top->name;
1134 if ($name eq "and") {
1136 } elsif ($name eq "or") {
1138 } else { # no conditional -> while 1 or until 0
1139 return $self->deparse($top->first, 1) . " while 1";
1141 my $cond = $top->first;
1142 my $body = $cond->sibling->first; # skip lineseq
1143 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
1144 $body = $self->deparse($body, 1);
1145 return "$body $name $cond";
1150 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1153 if ($cx > 0) { # inside an expression, (a do {} while for lineseq)
1154 return "do {\n\t" . $self->lineseq($op, @kids) . "\n\b}";
1156 my $lineseq = $self->lineseq($op, @kids);
1157 return (length ($lineseq) ? "$lineseq;" : "");
1161 sub pp_scope { scopeop(0, @_); }
1162 sub pp_lineseq { scopeop(0, @_); }
1163 sub pp_leave { scopeop(1, @_); }
1165 # This is a special case of scopeop and lineseq, for the case of the
1166 # main_root. The difference is that we print the output statements as
1167 # soon as we get them, for the sake of impatient users.
1171 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
1172 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
1174 return if null $op->first; # Can happen, e.g., for Bytecode without -k
1175 for (my $kid = $op->first->sibling; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1178 $self->walk_lineseq($op, \@kids,
1179 sub { print $self->indent($_[0].';');
1180 print "\n" unless $_[1] == $#kids;
1185 my ($self, $op, $kids, $callback) = @_;
1187 for (my $i = 0; $i < @kids; $i++) {
1189 if (is_state $kids[$i]) {
1190 $expr = $self->deparse($kids[$i++], 0);
1192 $callback->($expr, $i);
1196 if (is_for_loop($kids[$i])) {
1197 $callback->($expr . $self->for_loop($kids[$i], 0), $i++);
1200 $expr .= $self->deparse($kids[$i], (@kids != 1)/2);
1201 $expr =~ s/;\n?\z//;
1202 $callback->($expr, $i);
1206 # The BEGIN {} is used here because otherwise this code isn't executed
1207 # when you run B::Deparse on itself.
1209 BEGIN { map($globalnames{$_}++, "SIG", "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "INC",
1210 "ENV", "ARGV", "ARGVOUT", "_"); }
1215 Carp::confess() unless ref($gv) eq "B::GV";
1216 my $stash = $gv->STASH->NAME;
1217 my $name = $gv->SAFENAME;
1218 if ($stash eq 'main' && $name =~ /^::/) {
1221 elsif (($stash eq 'main' && $globalnames{$name})
1222 or ($stash eq $self->{'curstash'} && !$globalnames{$name}
1223 && ($stash eq 'main' || $name !~ /::/))
1224 or $name =~ /^[^A-Za-z_:]/)
1228 $stash = $stash . "::";
1230 if ($name =~ /^(\^..|{)/) {
1231 $name = "{$name}"; # ${^WARNING_BITS}, etc and ${
1233 return $stash . $name;
1236 # Return the name to use for a stash variable.
1237 # If a lexical with the same name is in scope, it may need to be
1239 sub stash_variable {
1240 my ($self, $prefix, $name) = @_;
1242 return "$prefix$name" if $name =~ /::/;
1244 unless ($prefix eq '$' || $prefix eq '@' || #'
1245 $prefix eq '%' || $prefix eq '$#') {
1246 return "$prefix$name";
1249 my $v = ($prefix eq '$#' ? '@' : $prefix) . $name;
1250 return $prefix .$self->{'curstash'}.'::'. $name if $self->lex_in_scope($v);
1251 return "$prefix$name";
1255 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1256 $self->populate_curcvlex() if !defined $self->{'curcvlex'};
1258 return 0 if !defined($self->{'curcop'});
1259 my $seq = $self->{'curcop'}->cop_seq;
1260 return 0 if !exists $self->{'curcvlex'}{$name};
1261 for my $a (@{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}) {
1262 my ($st, $en) = @$a;
1263 return 1 if $seq > $st && $seq <= $en;
1268 sub populate_curcvlex {
1270 for (my $cv = $self->{'curcv'}; class($cv) eq "CV"; $cv = $cv->OUTSIDE) {
1271 my $padlist = $cv->PADLIST;
1272 # an undef CV still in lexical chain
1273 next if class($padlist) eq "SPECIAL";
1274 my @padlist = $padlist->ARRAY;
1275 my @ns = $padlist[0]->ARRAY;
1277 for (my $i=0; $i<@ns; ++$i) {
1278 next if class($ns[$i]) eq "SPECIAL";
1279 next if $ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVpad_OUR; # Skip "our" vars
1280 if (class($ns[$i]) eq "PV") {
1281 # Probably that pesky lexical @_
1284 my $name = $ns[$i]->PVX;
1285 my ($seq_st, $seq_en) =
1286 ($ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVf_FAKE)
1288 : ($ns[$i]->COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW, $ns[$i]->COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH);
1290 push @{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}, [$seq_st, $seq_en];
1295 sub find_scope_st { ((find_scope(@_))[0]); }
1296 sub find_scope_en { ((find_scope(@_))[1]); }
1298 # Recurses down the tree, looking for pad variable introductions and COPs
1300 my ($self, $op, $scope_st, $scope_en) = @_;
1301 carp("Undefined op in find_scope") if !defined $op;
1302 return ($scope_st, $scope_en) unless $op->flags & OPf_KIDS;
1305 while(my $op = shift @queue ) {
1306 for (my $o=$op->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
1307 if ($o->name =~ /^pad.v$/ && $o->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
1308 my $s = int($self->padname_sv($o->targ)->COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW);
1309 my $e = $self->padname_sv($o->targ)->COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH;
1310 $scope_st = $s if !defined($scope_st) || $s < $scope_st;
1311 $scope_en = $e if !defined($scope_en) || $e > $scope_en;
1312 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1314 elsif (is_state($o)) {
1315 my $c = $o->cop_seq;
1316 $scope_st = $c if !defined($scope_st) || $c < $scope_st;
1317 $scope_en = $c if !defined($scope_en) || $c > $scope_en;
1318 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1320 elsif ($o->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1321 unshift (@queue, $o);
1326 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1329 # Returns a list of subs which should be inserted before the COP
1331 my ($self, $op, $out_seq) = @_;
1332 my $seq = $op->cop_seq;
1333 # If we have nephews, then our sequence number indicates
1334 # the cop_seq of the end of some sort of scope.
1335 if (class($op->sibling) ne "NULL" && $op->sibling->flags & OPf_KIDS
1336 and my $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($op->sibling) ) {
1339 $seq = $out_seq if defined($out_seq) && $out_seq < $seq;
1340 return $self->seq_subs($seq);
1344 my ($self, $seq) = @_;
1346 #push @text, "# ($seq)\n";
1348 return "" if !defined $seq;
1349 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})
1350 and $seq > $self->{'subs_todo'}[0][0]) {
1351 push @text, $self->next_todo;
1356 # Notice how subs and formats are inserted between statements here;
1357 # also $[ assignments and pragmas.
1361 $self->{'curcop'} = $op;
1363 push @text, $self->cop_subs($op);
1364 push @text, $op->label . ": " if $op->label;
1365 my $stash = $op->stashpv;
1366 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
1367 push @text, "package $stash;\n";
1368 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
1371 if ($self->{'arybase'} != $op->arybase) {
1372 push @text, '$[ = '. $op->arybase .";\n";
1373 $self->{'arybase'} = $op->arybase;
1376 my $warnings = $op->warnings;
1378 if ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 4) {
1379 $warning_bits = $warnings::Bits{"all"} & WARN_MASK;
1381 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 5) {
1382 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
1384 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL")) {
1385 $warning_bits = undef;
1388 $warning_bits = $warnings->PV & WARN_MASK;
1391 if (defined ($warning_bits) and
1392 !defined($self->{warnings}) || $self->{'warnings'} ne $warning_bits) {
1393 push @text, declare_warnings($self->{'warnings'}, $warning_bits);
1394 $self->{'warnings'} = $warning_bits;
1397 if ($self->{'hints'} != $op->hints) {
1398 push @text, declare_hints($self->{'hints'}, $op->hints);
1399 $self->{'hints'} = $op->hints;
1402 # This should go after of any branches that add statements, to
1403 # increase the chances that it refers to the same line it did in
1404 # the original program.
1405 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
1406 push @text, "\f#line " . $op->line .
1407 ' "' . $op->file, qq'"\n';
1410 return join("", @text);
1413 sub declare_warnings {
1414 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1415 if (($to & WARN_MASK) eq (warnings::bits("all") & WARN_MASK)) {
1416 return "use warnings;\n";
1418 elsif (($to & WARN_MASK) eq ("\0"x length($to) & WARN_MASK)) {
1419 return "no warnings;\n";
1421 return "BEGIN {\${^WARNING_BITS} = ".perlstring($to)."}\n";
1425 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1426 my $use = $to & ~$from;
1427 my $no = $from & ~$to;
1429 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($use)) {
1430 $decls .= "use $pragma;\n";
1432 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($no)) {
1433 $decls .= "no $pragma;\n";
1441 push @pragmas, "integer" if $bits & 0x1;
1442 push @pragmas, "strict 'refs'" if $bits & 0x2;
1443 push @pragmas, "bytes" if $bits & 0x8;
1447 sub pp_dbstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1448 sub pp_setstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1450 sub pp_unstack { return "" } # see also leaveloop
1454 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1460 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1468 sub pp_wantarray { baseop(@_, "wantarray") }
1469 sub pp_fork { baseop(@_, "fork") }
1470 sub pp_wait { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "wait") }
1471 sub pp_getppid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "getppid") }
1472 sub pp_time { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "time") }
1473 sub pp_tms { baseop(@_, "times") }
1474 sub pp_ghostent { baseop(@_, "gethostent") }
1475 sub pp_gnetent { baseop(@_, "getnetent") }
1476 sub pp_gprotoent { baseop(@_, "getprotoent") }
1477 sub pp_gservent { baseop(@_, "getservent") }
1478 sub pp_ehostent { baseop(@_, "endhostent") }
1479 sub pp_enetent { baseop(@_, "endnetent") }
1480 sub pp_eprotoent { baseop(@_, "endprotoent") }
1481 sub pp_eservent { baseop(@_, "endservent") }
1482 sub pp_gpwent { baseop(@_, "getpwent") }
1483 sub pp_spwent { baseop(@_, "setpwent") }
1484 sub pp_epwent { baseop(@_, "endpwent") }
1485 sub pp_ggrent { baseop(@_, "getgrent") }
1486 sub pp_sgrent { baseop(@_, "setgrent") }
1487 sub pp_egrent { baseop(@_, "endgrent") }
1488 sub pp_getlogin { baseop(@_, "getlogin") }
1490 sub POSTFIX () { 1 }
1492 # I couldn't think of a good short name, but this is the category of
1493 # symbolic unary operators with interesting precedence
1497 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
1498 my $kid = $op->first;
1499 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, $prec);
1500 return $self->maybe_parens(($flags & POSTFIX) ? "$kid$name" : "$name$kid",
1504 sub pp_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1505 sub pp_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1506 sub pp_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1507 sub pp_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1508 sub pp_i_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1509 sub pp_i_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1510 sub pp_i_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1511 sub pp_i_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1512 sub pp_complement { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "~", 21) }
1514 sub pp_negate { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_negate) }
1518 if ($op->first->name =~ /^(i_)?negate$/) {
1520 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21.5);
1522 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21);
1525 sub pp_i_negate { pp_negate(@_) }
1531 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "not ", 4);
1533 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "!", 21);
1539 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1541 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1543 if (defined prototype("CORE::$name")
1544 && prototype("CORE::$name") =~ /^;?\*/
1545 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
1549 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1551 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1555 sub pp_chop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1556 sub pp_chomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1557 sub pp_schop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1558 sub pp_schomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1559 sub pp_defined { unop(@_, "defined") }
1560 sub pp_undef { unop(@_, "undef") }
1561 sub pp_study { unop(@_, "study") }
1562 sub pp_ref { unop(@_, "ref") }
1563 sub pp_pos { maybe_local(@_, unop(@_, "pos")) }
1565 sub pp_sin { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sin") }
1566 sub pp_cos { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "cos") }
1567 sub pp_rand { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rand") }
1568 sub pp_srand { unop(@_, "srand") }
1569 sub pp_exp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "exp") }
1570 sub pp_log { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "log") }
1571 sub pp_sqrt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sqrt") }
1572 sub pp_int { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "int") }
1573 sub pp_hex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "hex") }
1574 sub pp_oct { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "oct") }
1575 sub pp_abs { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "abs") }
1577 sub pp_length { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "length") }
1578 sub pp_ord { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "ord") }
1579 sub pp_chr { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chr") }
1581 sub pp_each { unop(@_, "each") }
1582 sub pp_values { unop(@_, "values") }
1583 sub pp_keys { unop(@_, "keys") }
1584 sub pp_pop { unop(@_, "pop") }
1585 sub pp_shift { unop(@_, "shift") }
1587 sub pp_caller { unop(@_, "caller") }
1588 sub pp_reset { unop(@_, "reset") }
1589 sub pp_exit { unop(@_, "exit") }
1590 sub pp_prototype { unop(@_, "prototype") }
1592 sub pp_close { unop(@_, "close") }
1593 sub pp_fileno { unop(@_, "fileno") }
1594 sub pp_umask { unop(@_, "umask") }
1595 sub pp_untie { unop(@_, "untie") }
1596 sub pp_tied { unop(@_, "tied") }
1597 sub pp_dbmclose { unop(@_, "dbmclose") }
1598 sub pp_getc { unop(@_, "getc") }
1599 sub pp_eof { unop(@_, "eof") }
1600 sub pp_tell { unop(@_, "tell") }
1601 sub pp_getsockname { unop(@_, "getsockname") }
1602 sub pp_getpeername { unop(@_, "getpeername") }
1604 sub pp_chdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chdir") }
1605 sub pp_chroot { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chroot") }
1606 sub pp_readlink { unop(@_, "readlink") }
1607 sub pp_rmdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rmdir") }
1608 sub pp_readdir { unop(@_, "readdir") }
1609 sub pp_telldir { unop(@_, "telldir") }
1610 sub pp_rewinddir { unop(@_, "rewinddir") }
1611 sub pp_closedir { unop(@_, "closedir") }
1612 sub pp_getpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "getpgrp") }
1613 sub pp_localtime { unop(@_, "localtime") }
1614 sub pp_gmtime { unop(@_, "gmtime") }
1615 sub pp_alarm { unop(@_, "alarm") }
1616 sub pp_sleep { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sleep") }
1618 sub pp_dofile { unop(@_, "do") }
1619 sub pp_entereval { unop(@_, "eval") }
1621 sub pp_ghbyname { unop(@_, "gethostbyname") }
1622 sub pp_gnbyname { unop(@_, "getnetbyname") }
1623 sub pp_gpbyname { unop(@_, "getprotobyname") }
1624 sub pp_shostent { unop(@_, "sethostent") }
1625 sub pp_snetent { unop(@_, "setnetent") }
1626 sub pp_sprotoent { unop(@_, "setprotoent") }
1627 sub pp_sservent { unop(@_, "setservent") }
1628 sub pp_gpwnam { unop(@_, "getpwnam") }
1629 sub pp_gpwuid { unop(@_, "getpwuid") }
1630 sub pp_ggrnam { unop(@_, "getgrnam") }
1631 sub pp_ggrgid { unop(@_, "getgrgid") }
1633 sub pp_lock { unop(@_, "lock") }
1635 sub pp_continue { unop(@_, "continue"); }
1637 my ($self, $op) = @_;
1638 return "" if $op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL;
1644 my($op, $cx, $givwhen) = @_;
1646 my $enterop = $op->first;
1648 if ($enterop->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1650 $block = $self->deparse($enterop->first, 0);
1653 my $cond = $enterop->first;
1654 my $cond_str = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
1655 $head = "$givwhen ($cond_str)";
1656 $block = $self->deparse($cond->sibling, 0);
1664 sub pp_leavegiven { givwhen(@_, "given"); }
1665 sub pp_leavewhen { givwhen(@_, "when"); }
1671 if ($op->private & OPpEXISTS_SUB) {
1672 # Checking for the existence of a subroutine
1673 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
1674 $self->pp_rv2cv($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
1676 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1677 # Array element, not hash element
1678 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
1679 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
1681 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists", $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1689 if ($op->private & OPpSLICE) {
1690 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1691 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
1692 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1693 $self->pp_aslice($op->first, 16),
1696 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1697 $self->pp_hslice($op->first, 16),
1700 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1701 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
1702 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1703 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16),
1706 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1707 $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1715 my $opname = $op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? 'CORE::require' : 'require';
1716 if (class($op) eq "UNOP" and $op->first->name eq "const"
1717 and $op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE)
1719 my $name = $self->const_sv($op->first)->PV;
1722 return "$opname $name";
1724 $self->unop($op, $cx, $opname);
1731 my $kid = $op->first;
1732 if (not null $kid->sibling) {
1733 # XXX Was a here-doc
1734 return $self->dquote($op);
1736 $self->unop(@_, "scalar");
1743 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(1)->ARRAYelt($targ);
1746 sub anon_hash_or_list {
1750 my($pre, $post) = @{{"anonlist" => ["[","]"],
1751 "anonhash" => ["{","}"]}->{$op->name}};
1753 $op = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1754 for (; !null($op); $op = $op->sibling) {
1755 $expr = $self->deparse($op, 6);
1758 if ($pre eq "{" and $cx < 1) {
1759 # Disambiguate that it's not a block
1762 return $pre . join(", ", @exprs) . $post;
1768 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1769 return $self->anon_hash_or_list($op, $cx);
1771 warn "Unexpected op pp_" . $op->name() . " without OPf_SPECIAL";
1775 *pp_anonhash = \&pp_anonlist;
1780 my $kid = $op->first;
1781 if ($kid->name eq "null") {
1783 if ($kid->name eq "anonlist" || $kid->name eq "anonhash") {
1784 return $self->anon_hash_or_list($op, $cx);
1785 } elsif (!null($kid->sibling) and
1786 $kid->sibling->name eq "anoncode") {
1787 return $self->e_anoncode({ code => $self->padval($kid->sibling->targ) });
1788 } elsif ($kid->name eq "pushmark") {
1789 my $sib_name = $kid->sibling->name;
1790 if ($sib_name =~ /^(pad|rv2)[ah]v$/
1791 and not $kid->sibling->flags & OPf_REF)
1793 # The @a in \(@a) isn't in ref context, but only when the
1795 return "\\(" . $self->pp_list($op->first) . ")";
1796 } elsif ($sib_name eq 'entersub') {
1797 my $text = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1);
1798 # Always show parens for \(&func()), but only with -p otherwise
1799 $text = "($text)" if $self->{'parens'}
1800 or $kid->sibling->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER;
1805 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "\\", 20);
1809 my ($self, $info) = @_;
1810 my $text = $self->deparse_sub($info->{code});
1811 return "sub " . $text;
1814 sub pp_srefgen { pp_refgen(@_) }
1819 my $kid = $op->first;
1820 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "rv2gv"; # <$fh>
1821 return "<" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ">" if is_scalar($kid);
1822 return $self->unop($op, $cx, "readline");
1828 return "<" . $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($op)) . ">";
1831 # Unary operators that can occur as pseudo-listops inside double quotes
1834 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0, 0);
1836 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1838 # If there's more than one kid, the first is an ex-pushmark.
1839 $kid = $kid->sibling if not null $kid->sibling;
1840 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1842 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1846 sub pp_ucfirst { dq_unop(@_, "ucfirst") }
1847 sub pp_lcfirst { dq_unop(@_, "lcfirst") }
1848 sub pp_uc { dq_unop(@_, "uc") }
1849 sub pp_lc { dq_unop(@_, "lc") }
1850 sub pp_quotemeta { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dq_unop, "quotemeta") }
1854 my ($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1855 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
1856 return "$name " . $op->pv;
1857 } elsif (class($op) eq "OP") {
1859 } elsif (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1860 # Note -- loop exits are actually exempt from the
1861 # looks-like-a-func rule, but a few extra parens won't hurt
1862 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1866 sub pp_last { loopex(@_, "last") }
1867 sub pp_next { loopex(@_, "next") }
1868 sub pp_redo { loopex(@_, "redo") }
1869 sub pp_goto { loopex(@_, "goto") }
1870 sub pp_dump { loopex(@_, "dump") }
1874 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1875 if (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1876 # Genuine `-X' filetests are exempt from the LLAFR, but not
1877 # l?stat(); for the sake of clarity, give'em all parens
1878 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1879 } elsif (class($op) =~ /^(SV|PAD)OP$/) {
1880 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $self->pp_gv($op, 1), $cx, 16);
1881 } else { # I don't think baseop filetests ever survive ck_ftst, but...
1886 sub pp_lstat { ftst(@_, "lstat") }
1887 sub pp_stat { ftst(@_, "stat") }
1888 sub pp_ftrread { ftst(@_, "-R") }
1889 sub pp_ftrwrite { ftst(@_, "-W") }
1890 sub pp_ftrexec { ftst(@_, "-X") }
1891 sub pp_fteread { ftst(@_, "-r") }
1892 sub pp_ftewrite { ftst(@_, "-w") }
1893 sub pp_fteexec { ftst(@_, "-x") }
1894 sub pp_ftis { ftst(@_, "-e") }
1895 sub pp_fteowned { ftst(@_, "-O") }
1896 sub pp_ftrowned { ftst(@_, "-o") }
1897 sub pp_ftzero { ftst(@_, "-z") }
1898 sub pp_ftsize { ftst(@_, "-s") }
1899 sub pp_ftmtime { ftst(@_, "-M") }
1900 sub pp_ftatime { ftst(@_, "-A") }
1901 sub pp_ftctime { ftst(@_, "-C") }
1902 sub pp_ftsock { ftst(@_, "-S") }
1903 sub pp_ftchr { ftst(@_, "-c") }
1904 sub pp_ftblk { ftst(@_, "-b") }
1905 sub pp_ftfile { ftst(@_, "-f") }
1906 sub pp_ftdir { ftst(@_, "-d") }
1907 sub pp_ftpipe { ftst(@_, "-p") }
1908 sub pp_ftlink { ftst(@_, "-l") }
1909 sub pp_ftsuid { ftst(@_, "-u") }
1910 sub pp_ftsgid { ftst(@_, "-g") }
1911 sub pp_ftsvtx { ftst(@_, "-k") }
1912 sub pp_fttty { ftst(@_, "-t") }
1913 sub pp_fttext { ftst(@_, "-T") }
1914 sub pp_ftbinary { ftst(@_, "-B") }
1916 sub SWAP_CHILDREN () { 1 }
1917 sub ASSIGN () { 2 } # has OP= variant
1918 sub LIST_CONTEXT () { 4 } # Assignment is in list context
1924 my $name = $op->name;
1925 if ($name eq "concat" and $op->first->name eq "concat") {
1926 # avoid spurious `=' -- see comment in pp_concat
1929 if ($name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
1930 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|x?or)$/
1931 and null $op->first->sibling)
1933 # Like all conditional constructs, OP_ANDs and OP_ORs are topped
1934 # with a null that's used as the common end point of the two
1935 # flows of control. For precedence purposes, ignore it.
1936 # (COND_EXPRs have these too, but we don't bother with
1937 # their associativity).
1938 return assoc_class($op->first);
1940 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED ? "=" : "");
1943 # Left associative operators, like `+', for which
1944 # $a + $b + $c is equivalent to ($a + $b) + $c
1947 %left = ('multiply' => 19, 'i_multiply' => 19,
1948 'divide' => 19, 'i_divide' => 19,
1949 'modulo' => 19, 'i_modulo' => 19,
1951 'add' => 18, 'i_add' => 18,
1952 'subtract' => 18, 'i_subtract' => 18,
1954 'left_shift' => 17, 'right_shift' => 17,
1956 'bit_or' => 12, 'bit_xor' => 12,
1958 'or' => 2, 'xor' => 2,
1962 sub deparse_binop_left {
1964 my($op, $left, $prec) = @_;
1965 if ($left{assoc_class($op)} && $left{assoc_class($left)}
1966 and $left{assoc_class($op)} == $left{assoc_class($left)})
1968 return $self->deparse($left, $prec - .00001);
1970 return $self->deparse($left, $prec);
1974 # Right associative operators, like `=', for which
1975 # $a = $b = $c is equivalent to $a = ($b = $c)
1978 %right = ('pow' => 22,
1979 'sassign=' => 7, 'aassign=' => 7,
1980 'multiply=' => 7, 'i_multiply=' => 7,
1981 'divide=' => 7, 'i_divide=' => 7,
1982 'modulo=' => 7, 'i_modulo=' => 7,
1984 'add=' => 7, 'i_add=' => 7,
1985 'subtract=' => 7, 'i_subtract=' => 7,
1987 'left_shift=' => 7, 'right_shift=' => 7,
1989 'bit_or=' => 7, 'bit_xor=' => 7,
1995 sub deparse_binop_right {
1997 my($op, $right, $prec) = @_;
1998 if ($right{assoc_class($op)} && $right{assoc_class($right)}
1999 and $right{assoc_class($op)} == $right{assoc_class($right)})
2001 return $self->deparse($right, $prec - .00001);
2003 return $self->deparse($right, $prec);
2009 my ($op, $cx, $opname, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
2010 my $left = $op->first;
2011 my $right = $op->last;
2013 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED && $flags & ASSIGN) {
2017 if ($flags & SWAP_CHILDREN) {
2018 ($left, $right) = ($right, $left);
2020 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2021 $left = "($left)" if $flags & LIST_CONTEXT
2022 && $left !~ /^(my|our|local|)[\@\(]/;
2023 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2024 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2027 sub pp_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
2028 sub pp_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
2029 sub pp_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-",18, ASSIGN) }
2030 sub pp_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
2031 sub pp_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
2032 sub pp_i_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
2033 sub pp_i_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
2034 sub pp_i_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-", 18, ASSIGN) }
2035 sub pp_i_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
2036 sub pp_i_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
2037 sub pp_pow { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "**", 22, ASSIGN) }
2039 sub pp_left_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "<<", 17, ASSIGN) }
2040 sub pp_right_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, ">>", 17, ASSIGN) }
2041 sub pp_bit_and { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "&", 13, ASSIGN) }
2042 sub pp_bit_or { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "|", 12, ASSIGN) }
2043 sub pp_bit_xor { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "^", 12, ASSIGN) }
2045 sub pp_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
2046 sub pp_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
2047 sub pp_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
2048 sub pp_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
2049 sub pp_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
2050 sub pp_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
2051 sub pp_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
2052 sub pp_i_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
2053 sub pp_i_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
2054 sub pp_i_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
2055 sub pp_i_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
2056 sub pp_i_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
2057 sub pp_i_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
2058 sub pp_i_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
2060 sub pp_seq { binop(@_, "eq", 14) }
2061 sub pp_sne { binop(@_, "ne", 14) }
2062 sub pp_slt { binop(@_, "lt", 15) }
2063 sub pp_sgt { binop(@_, "gt", 15) }
2064 sub pp_sge { binop(@_, "ge", 15) }
2065 sub pp_sle { binop(@_, "le", 15) }
2066 sub pp_scmp { binop(@_, "cmp", 14) }
2068 sub pp_sassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
2069 sub pp_aassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN | LIST_CONTEXT) }
2072 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
2073 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2074 return $self->deparse($op->first, $cx);
2077 binop(@_, "~~", 14);
2081 # `.' is special because concats-of-concats are optimized to save copying
2082 # by making all but the first concat stacked. The effect is as if the
2083 # programmer had written `($a . $b) .= $c', except legal.
2084 sub pp_concat { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_concat) }
2088 my $left = $op->first;
2089 my $right = $op->last;
2092 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED and $op->first->name ne "concat") {
2096 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2097 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2098 return $self->maybe_parens("$left .$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2101 # `x' is weird when the left arg is a list
2105 my $left = $op->first;
2106 my $right = $op->last;
2109 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2113 if (null($right)) { # list repeat; count is inside left-side ex-list
2114 my $kid = $left->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2116 for (; !null($kid->sibling); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2117 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2120 $left = "(" . join(", ", @exprs). ")";
2122 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2124 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2125 return $self->maybe_parens("$left x$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2130 my ($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
2131 my $left = $op->first;
2132 my $right = $left->sibling;
2133 $left = $self->deparse($left, 9);
2134 $right = $self->deparse($right, 9);
2135 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $type $right", $cx, 9);
2141 my $flip = $op->first;
2142 my $type = ($flip->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) ? "..." : "..";
2143 return $self->range($flip->first, $cx, $type);
2146 # one-line while/until is handled in pp_leave
2150 my ($op, $cx, $lowop, $lowprec, $highop, $highprec, $blockname) = @_;
2151 my $left = $op->first;
2152 my $right = $op->first->sibling;
2153 if ($cx < 1 and is_scope($right) and $blockname
2154 and $self->{'expand'} < 7)
2156 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2157 $right = $self->deparse($right, 0);
2158 return "$blockname ($left) {\n\t$right\n\b}\cK";
2159 } elsif ($cx < 1 and $blockname and not $self->{'parens'}
2160 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) { # $b if $a
2161 $right = $self->deparse($right, 1);
2162 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2163 return "$right $blockname $left";
2164 } elsif ($cx > $lowprec and $highop) { # $a && $b
2165 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $highprec);
2166 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $highprec);
2167 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $highop $right", $cx, $highprec);
2168 } else { # $a and $b
2169 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $lowprec);
2170 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $lowprec);
2171 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $lowop $right", $cx, $lowprec);
2175 sub pp_and { logop(@_, "and", 3, "&&", 11, "if") }
2176 sub pp_or { logop(@_, "or", 2, "||", 10, "unless") }
2177 sub pp_dor { logop(@_, "err", 2, "//", 10, "") }
2179 # xor is syntactically a logop, but it's really a binop (contrary to
2180 # old versions of opcode.pl). Syntax is what matters here.
2181 sub pp_xor { logop(@_, "xor", 2, "", 0, "") }
2185 my ($op, $cx, $opname) = @_;
2186 my $left = $op->first;
2187 my $right = $op->first->sibling->first; # skip sassign
2188 $left = $self->deparse($left, 7);
2189 $right = $self->deparse($right, 7);
2190 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname $right", $cx, 7);
2193 sub pp_andassign { logassignop(@_, "&&=") }
2194 sub pp_orassign { logassignop(@_, "||=") }
2195 sub pp_dorassign { logassignop(@_, "//=") }
2199 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2201 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2202 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2203 return $name if null $kid;
2205 $name = "socketpair" if $name eq "sockpair";
2206 my $proto = prototype("CORE::$name");
2208 && $proto =~ /^;?\*/
2209 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
2210 $first = $self->deparse($kid->first, 6);
2213 $first = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2215 if ($name eq "chmod" && $first =~ /^\d+$/) {
2216 $first = sprintf("%#o", $first);
2218 $first = "+$first" if not $parens and substr($first, 0, 1) eq "(";
2219 push @exprs, $first;
2220 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2221 if (defined $proto && $proto =~ /^\*\*/ && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
2222 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid->first, 6);
2223 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2225 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2226 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2229 return "$name(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2231 return "$name " . join(", ", @exprs);
2235 sub pp_bless { listop(@_, "bless") }
2236 sub pp_atan2 { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "atan2") }
2237 sub pp_substr { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "substr")) }
2238 sub pp_vec { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "vec")) }
2239 sub pp_index { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "index") }
2240 sub pp_rindex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rindex") }
2241 sub pp_sprintf { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "sprintf") }
2242 sub pp_formline { listop(@_, "formline") } # see also deparse_format
2243 sub pp_crypt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "crypt") }
2244 sub pp_unpack { listop(@_, "unpack") }
2245 sub pp_pack { listop(@_, "pack") }
2246 sub pp_join { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "join") }
2247 sub pp_splice { listop(@_, "splice") }
2248 sub pp_push { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "push") }
2249 sub pp_unshift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unshift") }
2250 sub pp_reverse { listop(@_, "reverse") }
2251 sub pp_warn { listop(@_, "warn") }
2252 sub pp_die { listop(@_, "die") }
2253 # Actually, return is exempt from the LLAFR (see examples in this very
2254 # module!), but for consistency's sake, ignore that fact
2255 sub pp_return { listop(@_, "return") }
2256 sub pp_open { listop(@_, "open") }
2257 sub pp_pipe_op { listop(@_, "pipe") }
2258 sub pp_tie { listop(@_, "tie") }
2259 sub pp_binmode { listop(@_, "binmode") }
2260 sub pp_dbmopen { listop(@_, "dbmopen") }
2261 sub pp_sselect { listop(@_, "select") }
2262 sub pp_select { listop(@_, "select") }
2263 sub pp_read { listop(@_, "read") }
2264 sub pp_sysopen { listop(@_, "sysopen") }
2265 sub pp_sysseek { listop(@_, "sysseek") }
2266 sub pp_sysread { listop(@_, "sysread") }
2267 sub pp_syswrite { listop(@_, "syswrite") }
2268 sub pp_send { listop(@_, "send") }
2269 sub pp_recv { listop(@_, "recv") }
2270 sub pp_seek { listop(@_, "seek") }
2271 sub pp_fcntl { listop(@_, "fcntl") }
2272 sub pp_ioctl { listop(@_, "ioctl") }
2273 sub pp_flock { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "flock") }
2274 sub pp_socket { listop(@_, "socket") }
2275 sub pp_sockpair { listop(@_, "sockpair") }
2276 sub pp_bind { listop(@_, "bind") }
2277 sub pp_connect { listop(@_, "connect") }
2278 sub pp_listen { listop(@_, "listen") }
2279 sub pp_accept { listop(@_, "accept") }
2280 sub pp_shutdown { listop(@_, "shutdown") }
2281 sub pp_gsockopt { listop(@_, "getsockopt") }
2282 sub pp_ssockopt { listop(@_, "setsockopt") }
2283 sub pp_chown { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chown") }
2284 sub pp_unlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unlink") }
2285 sub pp_chmod { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chmod") }
2286 sub pp_utime { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "utime") }
2287 sub pp_rename { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rename") }
2288 sub pp_link { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "link") }
2289 sub pp_symlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "symlink") }
2290 sub pp_mkdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "mkdir") }
2291 sub pp_open_dir { listop(@_, "opendir") }
2292 sub pp_seekdir { listop(@_, "seekdir") }
2293 sub pp_waitpid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "waitpid") }
2294 sub pp_system { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "system") }
2295 sub pp_exec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "exec") }
2296 sub pp_kill { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "kill") }
2297 sub pp_setpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpgrp") }
2298 sub pp_getpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "getpriority") }
2299 sub pp_setpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpriority") }
2300 sub pp_shmget { listop(@_, "shmget") }
2301 sub pp_shmctl { listop(@_, "shmctl") }
2302 sub pp_shmread { listop(@_, "shmread") }
2303 sub pp_shmwrite { listop(@_, "shmwrite") }
2304 sub pp_msgget { listop(@_, "msgget") }
2305 sub pp_msgctl { listop(@_, "msgctl") }
2306 sub pp_msgsnd { listop(@_, "msgsnd") }
2307 sub pp_msgrcv { listop(@_, "msgrcv") }
2308 sub pp_semget { listop(@_, "semget") }
2309 sub pp_semctl { listop(@_, "semctl") }
2310 sub pp_semop { listop(@_, "semop") }
2311 sub pp_ghbyaddr { listop(@_, "gethostbyaddr") }
2312 sub pp_gnbyaddr { listop(@_, "getnetbyaddr") }
2313 sub pp_gpbynumber { listop(@_, "getprotobynumber") }
2314 sub pp_gsbyname { listop(@_, "getservbyname") }
2315 sub pp_gsbyport { listop(@_, "getservbyport") }
2316 sub pp_syscall { listop(@_, "syscall") }
2321 my $text = $self->dq($op->first->sibling); # skip pushmark
2322 if ($text =~ /^\$?(\w|::|\`)+$/ # could look like a readline
2323 or $text =~ /[<>]/) {
2324 return 'glob(' . single_delim('qq', '"', $text) . ')';
2326 return '<' . $text . '>';
2330 # Truncate is special because OPf_SPECIAL makes a bareword first arg
2331 # be a filehandle. This could probably be better fixed in the core
2332 # by moving the GV lookup into ck_truc.
2338 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2339 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2341 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2342 # $kid is an OP_CONST
2343 $fh = $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
2345 $fh = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2346 $fh = "+$fh" if not $parens and substr($fh, 0, 1) eq "(";
2348 my $len = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 6);
2350 return "truncate($fh, $len)";
2352 return "truncate $fh, $len";
2358 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2360 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2362 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2364 $indir = $indir->first; # skip rv2gv
2365 if (is_scope($indir)) {
2366 $indir = "{" . $self->deparse($indir, 0) . "}";
2367 $indir = "{;}" if $indir eq "{}";
2368 } elsif ($indir->name eq "const" && $indir->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
2369 $indir = $self->const_sv($indir)->PV;
2371 $indir = $self->deparse($indir, 24);
2373 $indir = $indir . " ";
2374 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2376 if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & (OPpSORT_NUMERIC | OPpSORT_INTEGER)) {
2377 $indir = ($op->private & OPpSORT_DESCEND) ? '{$b <=> $a} '
2380 elsif ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_DESCEND) {
2381 $indir = '{$b cmp $a} ';
2383 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2384 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2388 if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_REVERSE) {
2389 $name2 = 'reverse sort';
2391 if ($name eq "sort" && ($op->private & OPpSORT_INPLACE)) {
2392 return "$exprs[0] = $name2 $indir $exprs[0]";
2395 my $args = $indir . join(", ", @exprs);
2396 if ($indir ne "" and $name eq "sort") {
2397 # We don't want to say "sort(f 1, 2, 3)", since perl -w will
2398 # give bareword warnings in that case. Therefore if context
2399 # requires, we'll put parens around the outside "(sort f 1, 2,
2400 # 3)". Unfortunately, we'll currently think the parens are
2401 # necessary more often that they really are, because we don't
2402 # distinguish which side of an assignment we're on.
2404 return "($name2 $args)";
2406 return "$name2 $args";
2409 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name2, $args, $cx, 5);
2414 sub pp_prtf { indirop(@_, "printf") }
2415 sub pp_print { indirop(@_, "print") }
2416 sub pp_say { indirop(@_, "say") }
2417 sub pp_sort { indirop(@_, "sort") }
2421 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2423 my $kid = $op->first; # this is the (map|grep)start
2424 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip a pushmark
2425 my $code = $kid->first; # skip a null
2426 if (is_scope $code) {
2427 $code = "{" . $self->deparse($code, 0) . "} ";
2429 $code = $self->deparse($code, 24) . ", ";
2431 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2432 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2433 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2434 push @exprs, $expr if defined $expr;
2436 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $code . join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 5);
2439 sub pp_mapwhile { mapop(@_, "map") }
2440 sub pp_grepwhile { mapop(@_, "grep") }
2441 sub pp_mapstart { baseop(@_, "map") }
2442 sub pp_grepstart { baseop(@_, "grep") }
2448 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2450 my $local = "either"; # could be local(...), my(...), state(...) or our(...)
2451 for ($lop = $kid; !null($lop); $lop = $lop->sibling) {
2452 # This assumes that no other private flags equal 128, and that
2453 # OPs that store things other than flags in their op_private,
2454 # like OP_AELEMFAST, won't be immediate children of a list.
2456 # OP_ENTERSUB can break this logic, so check for it.
2457 # I suspect that open and exit can too.
2459 if (!($lop->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)
2460 or $lop->name eq "undef")
2461 or $lop->name eq "entersub"
2462 or $lop->name eq "exit"
2463 or $lop->name eq "open")
2465 $local = ""; # or not
2468 if ($lop->name =~ /^pad[ash]v$/) {
2469 if ($lop->private & OPpPAD_STATE) { # state()
2470 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:local|our|my)$/;
2473 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:local|our|state)$/;
2476 } elsif ($lop->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/
2477 && $lop->private & OPpOUR_INTRO
2478 or $lop->name eq "null" && $lop->first->name eq "gvsv"
2479 && $lop->first->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) { # our()
2480 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:my|local|state)$/;
2482 } elsif ($lop->name ne "undef"
2483 # specifically avoid the "reverse sort" optimisation,
2484 # where "reverse" is nullified
2485 && !($lop->name eq 'sort' && ($lop->flags & OPpSORT_REVERSE)))
2488 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:my|our|state)$/;
2492 $local = "" if $local eq "either"; # no point if it's all undefs
2493 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if null $kid->sibling and not $local;
2494 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2496 if (class($kid) eq "UNOP" and $kid->first->name eq "gvsv") {
2501 $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop}++;
2502 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2503 delete $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop};
2505 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2510 return "$local(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2512 return $self->maybe_parens( join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 6);
2516 sub is_ifelse_cont {
2518 return ($op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
2519 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|cond_expr)$/
2520 and is_scope($op->first->first->sibling));
2526 my $cond = $op->first;
2527 my $true = $cond->sibling;
2528 my $false = $true->sibling;
2529 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
2530 unless ($cx < 1 and (is_scope($true) and $true->name ne "null") and
2531 (is_scope($false) || is_ifelse_cont($false))
2532 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) {
2533 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 8);
2534 $true = $self->deparse($true, 6);
2535 $false = $self->deparse($false, 8);
2536 return $self->maybe_parens("$cond ? $true : $false", $cx, 8);
2539 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
2540 $true = $self->deparse($true, 0);
2541 my $head = "if ($cond) {\n\t$true\n\b}";
2543 while (!null($false) and is_ifelse_cont($false)) {
2544 my $newop = $false->first;
2545 my $newcond = $newop->first;
2546 my $newtrue = $newcond->sibling;
2547 $false = $newtrue->sibling; # last in chain is OP_AND => no else
2548 $newcond = $self->deparse($newcond, 1);
2549 $newtrue = $self->deparse($newtrue, 0);
2550 push @elsifs, "elsif ($newcond) {\n\t$newtrue\n\b}";
2552 if (!null($false)) {
2553 $false = $cuddle . "else {\n\t" .
2554 $self->deparse($false, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
2558 return $head . join($cuddle, "", @elsifs) . $false;
2562 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
2563 my $cond = $op->first;
2564 my $true = $cond->sibling;
2566 return $self->deparse($true, $cx);
2571 my($op, $cx, $init) = @_;
2572 my $enter = $op->first;
2573 my $kid = $enter->sibling;
2574 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
2575 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
2580 if ($kid->name eq "lineseq") { # bare or infinite loop
2581 if ($kid->last->name eq "unstack") { # infinite
2582 $head = "while (1) "; # Can't use for(;;) if there's a continue
2588 } elsif ($enter->name eq "enteriter") { # foreach
2589 my $ary = $enter->first->sibling; # first was pushmark
2590 my $var = $ary->sibling;
2591 if ($ary->name eq 'null' and $enter->private & OPpITER_REVERSED) {
2592 # "reverse" was optimised away
2593 $ary = listop($self, $ary->first->sibling, 1, 'reverse');
2594 } elsif ($enter->flags & OPf_STACKED
2595 and not null $ary->first->sibling->sibling)
2597 $ary = $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling, 9) . " .. " .
2598 $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling->sibling, 9);
2600 $ary = $self->deparse($ary, 1);
2603 if ($enter->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { # thread special var
2604 $var = $self->pp_threadsv($enter, 1);
2605 } else { # regular my() variable
2606 $var = $self->pp_padsv($enter, 1);
2608 } elsif ($var->name eq "rv2gv") {
2609 $var = $self->pp_rv2sv($var, 1);
2610 if ($enter->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) {
2611 # our declarations don't have package names
2612 $var =~ s/^(.).*::/$1/;
2615 } elsif ($var->name eq "gv") {
2616 $var = "\$" . $self->deparse($var, 1);
2618 $body = $kid->first->first->sibling; # skip OP_AND and OP_ITER
2619 if (!is_state $body->first and $body->first->name ne "stub") {
2620 confess unless $var eq '$_';
2621 $body = $body->first;
2622 return $self->deparse($body, 2) . " foreach ($ary)";
2624 $head = "foreach $var ($ary) ";
2625 } elsif ($kid->name eq "null") { # while/until
2627 my $name = {"and" => "while", "or" => "until"}->{$kid->name};
2628 $cond = $self->deparse($kid->first, 1);
2629 $head = "$name ($cond) ";
2630 $body = $kid->first->sibling;
2631 } elsif ($kid->name eq "stub") { # bare and empty
2632 return "{;}"; # {} could be a hashref
2634 # If there isn't a continue block, then the next pointer for the loop
2635 # will point to the unstack, which is kid's last child, except
2636 # in a bare loop, when it will point to the leaveloop. When neither of
2637 # these conditions hold, then the second-to-last child is the continue
2638 # block (or the last in a bare loop).
2639 my $cont_start = $enter->nextop;
2641 if ($$cont_start != $$op && ${$cont_start} != ${$body->last}) {
2643 $cont = $body->last;
2645 $cont = $body->first;
2646 while (!null($cont->sibling->sibling)) {
2647 $cont = $cont->sibling;
2650 my $state = $body->first;
2651 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
2653 for (; $$state != $$cont; $state = $state->sibling) {
2654 push @states, $state;
2656 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, @states);
2657 if (defined $cond and not is_scope $cont and $self->{'expand'} < 3) {
2658 $head = "for ($init; $cond; " . $self->deparse($cont, 1) .") ";
2661 $cont = $cuddle . "continue {\n\t" .
2662 $self->deparse($cont, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
2665 return "" if !defined $body;
2667 $head = "for ($init; $cond;) ";
2670 $body = $self->deparse($body, 0);
2672 $body =~ s/;?$/;\n/;
2674 return $head . "{\n\t" . $body . "\b}" . $cont;
2677 sub pp_leaveloop { shift->loop_common(@_, "") }
2682 my $init = $self->deparse($op, 1);
2683 return $self->loop_common($op->sibling->first->sibling, $cx, $init);
2688 return "eval {\n\t" . $self->pp_leave(@_) . "\n\b}";
2691 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_CONST () {" . opnumber("const") . "}" }
2692 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_STRINGIFY () {" . opnumber("stringify") . "}" }
2693 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_RV2SV () {" . opnumber("rv2sv") . "}" }
2694 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_LIST () {" . opnumber("list") . "}" }
2699 if (class($op) eq "OP") {
2701 return $self->{'ex_const'} if $op->targ == OP_CONST;
2702 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "pushmark") {
2703 return $self->pp_list($op, $cx);
2704 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "enter") {
2705 return $self->pp_leave($op, $cx);
2706 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "leave") {
2707 return $self->pp_leave($op->first, $cx);
2708 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "scope") {
2709 return $self->pp_scope($op->first, $cx);
2710 } elsif ($op->targ == OP_STRINGIFY) {
2711 return $self->dquote($op, $cx);
2712 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2713 $op->first->sibling->name eq "readline" and
2714 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2715 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 7) . " = "
2716 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 7),
2718 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2719 $op->first->sibling->name eq "trans" and
2720 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2721 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 20) . " =~ "
2722 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 20),
2724 } elsif ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && $cx < 1 && !$op->targ) {
2725 return "do {\n\t". $self->deparse($op->first, $cx) ."\n\b};";
2726 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2727 $op->first->sibling->name eq "null" and
2728 class($op->first->sibling) eq "UNOP" and
2729 $op->first->sibling->first->flags & OPf_STACKED and
2730 $op->first->sibling->first->name eq "rcatline") {
2731 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 18) . " .= "
2732 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 18),
2735 return $self->deparse($op->first, $cx);
2742 return $self->padname_sv($targ)->PVX;
2748 return substr($self->padname($op->targ), 1); # skip $/@/%
2754 return $self->maybe_my($op, $cx, $self->padname($op->targ));
2757 sub pp_padav { pp_padsv(@_) }
2758 sub pp_padhv { pp_padsv(@_) }
2763 @threadsv_names = ("_", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9",
2764 "&", "`", "'", "+", "/", ".", ",", "\\", '"', ";",
2765 "^", "-", "%", "=", "|", "~", ":", "^A", "^E",
2772 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" . $threadsv_names[$op->targ]);
2778 if (class($op) eq "PADOP") {
2779 return $self->padval($op->padix);
2780 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
2788 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2789 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->stash_variable("\$",
2790 $self->gv_name($gv)));
2796 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2797 return $self->gv_name($gv);
2804 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { # optimised PADAV
2805 $name = $self->padname($op->targ);
2809 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2810 $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
2811 $name = $self->{'curstash'}."::$name"
2812 if $name !~ /::/ && $self->lex_in_scope('@'.$name);
2813 $name = '$' . $name;
2816 return $name . "[" . ($op->private + $self->{'arybase'}) . "]";
2821 my($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
2823 if (class($op) eq 'NULL' || !$op->can("first")) {
2824 carp("Unexpected op in pp_rv2x");
2827 my $kid = $op->first;
2828 if ($kid->name eq "gv") {
2829 return $self->stash_variable($type, $self->deparse($kid, 0));
2830 } elsif (is_scalar $kid) {
2831 my $str = $self->deparse($kid, 0);
2832 if ($str =~ /^\$([^\w\d])\z/) {
2833 # "$$+" isn't a legal way to write the scalar dereference
2834 # of $+, since the lexer can't tell you aren't trying to
2835 # do something like "$$ + 1" to get one more than your
2836 # PID. Either "${$+}" or "$${+}" are workable
2837 # disambiguations, but if the programmer did the former,
2838 # they'd be in the "else" clause below rather than here.
2839 # It's not clear if this should somehow be unified with
2840 # the code in dq and re_dq that also adds lexer
2841 # disambiguation braces.
2842 $str = '$' . "{$1}"; #'
2844 return $type . $str;
2846 return $type . "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
2850 sub pp_rv2sv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "\$")) }
2851 sub pp_rv2hv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "%")) }
2852 sub pp_rv2gv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "*")) }
2858 if ($op->first->name eq "padav") {
2859 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, '$#' . $self->padany($op->first));
2861 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx,
2862 $self->rv2x($op->first, $cx, '$#'));
2866 # skip down to the old, ex-rv2cv
2868 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
2869 if (!null($op->first) && $op->first->name eq 'null' &&
2870 $op->first->targ eq OP_LIST)
2872 return $self->rv2x($op->first->first->sibling, $cx, "&")
2875 return $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "")
2881 my($cx, @list) = @_;
2882 my @a = map $self->const($_, 6), @list;
2887 } elsif ( @a > 2 and !grep(!/^-?\d+$/, @a)) {
2888 # collapse (-1,0,1,2) into (-1..2)
2889 my ($s, $e) = @a[0,-1];
2891 return $self->maybe_parens("$s..$e", $cx, 9)
2892 unless grep $i++ != $_, @a;
2894 return $self->maybe_parens(join(", ", @a), $cx, 6);
2900 my $kid = $op->first;
2901 if ($kid->name eq "const") { # constant list
2902 my $av = $self->const_sv($kid);
2903 return $self->list_const($cx, $av->ARRAY);
2905 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "\@"));
2909 sub is_subscriptable {
2911 if ($op->name =~ /^[ahg]elem/) {
2913 } elsif ($op->name eq "entersub") {
2914 my $kid = $op->first;
2915 return 0 unless null $kid->sibling;
2917 $kid = $kid->sibling until null $kid->sibling;
2918 return 0 if is_scope($kid);
2920 return 0 if $kid->name eq "gv";
2921 return 0 if is_scalar($kid);
2922 return is_subscriptable($kid);
2928 sub elem_or_slice_array_name
2931 my ($array, $left, $padname, $allow_arrow) = @_;
2933 if ($array->name eq $padname) {
2934 return $self->padany($array);
2935 } elsif (is_scope($array)) { # ${expr}[0]
2936 return "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
2937 } elsif ($array->name eq "gv") {
2938 $array = $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($array));
2939 if ($array !~ /::/) {
2940 my $prefix = ($left eq '[' ? '@' : '%');
2941 $array = $self->{curstash}.'::'.$array
2942 if $self->lex_in_scope($prefix . $array);
2945 } elsif (!$allow_arrow || is_scalar $array) { # $x[0], $$x[0], ...
2946 return $self->deparse($array, 24);
2952 sub elem_or_slice_single_index
2957 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
2959 # Outer parens in an array index will confuse perl
2960 # if we're interpolating in a regular expression, i.e.
2961 # /$x$foo[(-1)]/ is *not* the same as /$x$foo[-1]/
2963 # If $self->{parens}, then an initial '(' will
2964 # definitely be paired with a final ')'. If
2965 # !$self->{parens}, the misleading parens won't
2966 # have been added in the first place.
2968 # [You might think that we could get "(...)...(...)"
2969 # where the initial and final parens do not match
2970 # each other. But we can't, because the above would
2971 # only happen if there's an infix binop between the
2972 # two pairs of parens, and *that* means that the whole
2973 # expression would be parenthesized as well.]
2975 $idx =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/ if $self->{'parens'};
2977 # Hash-element braces will autoquote a bareword inside themselves.
2978 # We need to make sure that C<$hash{warn()}> doesn't come out as
2979 # C<$hash{warn}>, which has a quite different meaning. Currently
2980 # B::Deparse will always quote strings, even if the string was a
2981 # bareword in the original (i.e. the OPpCONST_BARE flag is ignored
2982 # for constant strings.) So we can cheat slightly here - if we see
2983 # a bareword, we know that it is supposed to be a function call.
2985 $idx =~ s/^([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/$1()/;
2992 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $padname) = @_;
2993 my($array, $idx) = ($op->first, $op->first->sibling);
2995 $idx = $self->elem_or_slice_single_index($idx);
2997 unless ($array->name eq $padname) { # Maybe this has been fixed
2998 $array = $array->first; # skip rv2av (or ex-rv2av in _53+)
3000 if (my $array_name=$self->elem_or_slice_array_name
3001 ($array, $left, $padname, 1)) {
3002 return "\$" . $array_name . $left . $idx . $right;
3004 # $x[20][3]{hi} or expr->[20]
3005 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($array) ? "" : "->";
3006 return $self->deparse($array, 24) . $arrow . $left . $idx . $right;
3011 sub pp_aelem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "[", "]", "padav")) }
3012 sub pp_helem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "{", "}", "padhv")) }
3017 my($glob, $part) = ($op->first, $op->last);
3018 $glob = $glob->first; # skip rv2gv
3019 $glob = $glob->first if $glob->name eq "rv2gv"; # this one's a bug
3020 my $scope = is_scope($glob);
3021 $glob = $self->deparse($glob, 0);
3022 $part = $self->deparse($part, 1);
3023 return "*" . ($scope ? "{$glob}" : $glob) . "{$part}";
3028 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $regname, $padname) = @_;
3030 my(@elems, $kid, $array, $list);
3031 if (class($op) eq "LISTOP") {
3033 } else { # ex-hslice inside delete()
3034 for ($kid = $op->first; !null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {}
3038 $array = $array->first
3039 if $array->name eq $regname or $array->name eq "null";
3040 $array = $self->elem_or_slice_array_name($array,$left,$padname,0);
3041 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
3042 if ($kid->name eq "list") {
3043 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip list, pushmark
3044 for (; !null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3045 push @elems, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
3047 $list = join(", ", @elems);
3049 $list = $self->elem_or_slice_single_index($kid);
3051 return "\@" . $array . $left . $list . $right;
3054 sub pp_aslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "[", "]", "rv2av", "padav")) }
3055 sub pp_hslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "{", "}", "rv2hv", "padhv")) }
3060 my $idx = $op->first;
3061 my $list = $op->last;
3063 $list = $self->deparse($list, 1);
3064 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
3065 return "($list)" . "[$idx]";
3070 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3075 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST;
3081 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
3082 my($meth, $obj, @exprs);
3083 if ($kid->name eq "list" and want_list $kid) {
3084 # When an indirect object isn't a bareword but the args are in
3085 # parens, the parens aren't part of the method syntax (the LLAFR
3086 # doesn't apply), but they make a list with OPf_PARENS set that
3087 # doesn't get flattened by the append_elem that adds the method,
3088 # making a (object, arg1, arg2, ...) list where the object
3089 # usually is. This can be distinguished from
3090 # `($obj, $arg1, $arg2)->meth()' (which is legal if $arg2 is an
3091 # object) because in the later the list is in scalar context
3092 # as the left side of -> always is, while in the former
3093 # the list is in list context as method arguments always are.
3094 # (Good thing there aren't method prototypes!)
3095 $meth = $kid->sibling;
3096 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
3098 $kid = $kid->sibling;
3099 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3104 $kid = $kid->sibling;
3105 for (; !null ($kid->sibling) && $kid->name ne "method_named";
3106 $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3112 if ($meth->name eq "method_named") {
3113 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV;
3115 $meth = $meth->first;
3116 if ($meth->name eq "const") {
3117 # As of 5.005_58, this case is probably obsoleted by the
3118 # method_named case above
3119 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV; # needs to be bare
3123 return { method => $meth, variable_method => ref($meth),
3124 object => $obj, args => \@exprs };
3127 # compat function only
3130 my $info = $self->_method(@_);
3131 return $self->e_method( $self->_method(@_) );
3135 my ($self, $info) = @_;
3136 my $obj = $self->deparse($info->{object}, 24);
3138 my $meth = $info->{method};
3139 $meth = $self->deparse($meth, 1) if $info->{variable_method};
3140 my $args = join(", ", map { $self->deparse($_, 6) } @{$info->{args}} );
3141 my $kid = $obj . "->" . $meth;
3143 return $kid . "(" . $args . ")"; # parens mandatory
3149 # returns "&" if the prototype doesn't match the args,
3150 # or ("", $args_after_prototype_demunging) if it does.
3153 return "&" if $self->{'noproto'};
3154 my($proto, @args) = @_;
3158 # An unbackslashed @ or % gobbles up the rest of the args
3159 1 while $proto =~ s/(?<!\\)([@%])[^\]]+$/$1/;
3161 $proto =~ s/^(\\?[\$\@&%*]|\\\[[\$\@&%*]+\]|;)//;
3164 return "&" if @args;
3165 } elsif ($chr eq ";") {
3167 } elsif ($chr eq "@" or $chr eq "%") {
3168 push @reals, map($self->deparse($_, 6), @args);
3174 if (want_scalar $arg) {
3175 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3179 } elsif ($chr eq "&") {
3180 if ($arg->name =~ /^(s?refgen|undef)$/) {
3181 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3185 } elsif ($chr eq "*") {
3186 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/
3187 and $arg->first->first->name eq "rv2gv")
3189 $real = $arg->first->first; # skip refgen, null
3190 if ($real->first->name eq "gv") {
3191 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3193 push @reals, $self->deparse($real->first, 6);
3198 } elsif (substr($chr, 0, 1) eq "\\") {
3200 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/ and
3201 !null($real = $arg->first) and
3202 ($chr =~ /\$/ && is_scalar($real->first)
3204 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3205 && $real->first->sibling->name
3208 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3209 && $real->first->sibling->name
3211 #or ($chr =~ /&/ # This doesn't work
3212 # && $real->first->name eq "rv2cv")
3214 && $real->first->name eq "rv2gv")))
3216 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3223 return "&" if $proto and !$doneok; # too few args and no `;'
3224 return "&" if @args; # too many args
3225 return ("", join ", ", @reals);
3231 return $self->e_method($self->_method($op, $cx))
3232 unless null $op->first->sibling;
3236 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && !($op->flags & OPf_MOD)) {
3238 } elsif ($op->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER) {
3242 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip ex-list, pushmark
3243 for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3248 if (is_scope($kid)) {
3250 $kid = "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
3251 } elsif ($kid->first->name eq "gv") {
3252 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($kid->first);
3253 if (class($gv->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
3254 $proto = $gv->CV->PV if $gv->CV->FLAGS & SVf_POK;
3256 $simple = 1; # only calls of named functions can be prototyped
3257 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3259 if ($kid eq 'main::') {
3261 } elsif ($kid !~ /^(?:\w|::)(?:[\w\d]|::(?!\z))*\z/) {
3262 $kid = single_delim("q", "'", $kid) . '->';
3265 } elsif (is_scalar ($kid->first) && $kid->first->name ne 'rv2cv') {
3267 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3270 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($kid->first) ? "" : "->";
3271 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24) . $arrow;
3274 # Doesn't matter how many prototypes there are, if
3275 # they haven't happened yet!
3279 no warnings 'uninitialized';
3280 $declared = exists $self->{'subs_declared'}{$kid}
3282 defined &{ ${$self->{'curstash'}."::"}{$kid} }
3284 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid}
3285 && defined prototype $self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid
3287 if (!$declared && defined($proto)) {
3288 # Avoid "too early to check prototype" warning
3289 ($amper, $proto) = ('&');
3294 if ($declared and defined $proto and not $amper) {
3295 ($amper, $args) = $self->check_proto($proto, @exprs);
3296 if ($amper eq "&") {
3297 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3300 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3302 if ($prefix or $amper) {
3303 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
3304 return $prefix . $amper . $kid . "(" . $args . ")";
3306 return $prefix . $amper. $kid;
3309 # glob() invocations can be translated into calls of
3310 # CORE::GLOBAL::glob with a second parameter, a number.
3312 if ($kid eq "CORE::GLOBAL::glob") {
3314 $args =~ s/\s*,[^,]+$//;
3317 # It's a syntax error to call CORE::GLOBAL::foo without a prefix,
3318 # so it must have been translated from a keyword call. Translate
3320 $kid =~ s/^CORE::GLOBAL:://;
3322 my $dproto = defined($proto) ? $proto : "undefined";
3324 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3325 } elsif ($dproto eq "") {
3327 } elsif ($dproto eq "\$" and is_scalar($exprs[0])) {
3328 # is_scalar is an excessively conservative test here:
3329 # really, we should be comparing to the precedence of the
3330 # top operator of $exprs[0] (ala unop()), but that would
3331 # take some major code restructuring to do right.
3332 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 16);
3333 } elsif ($dproto ne '$' and defined($proto) || $simple) { #'
3334 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 5);
3336 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3341 sub pp_enterwrite { unop(@_, "write") }
3343 # escape things that cause interpolation in double quotes,
3344 # but not character escapes
3347 $str =~ s/(^|\G|[^\\])((?:\\\\)*)([\$\@]|\\[uUlLQE])/$1$2\\$3/g;
3355 # Matches any string which is balanced with respect to {braces}
3366 # the same, but treat $|, $), $( and $ at the end of the string differently
3380 (\(\?\??\{$bal\}\)) # $4
3386 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3391 # This is for regular expressions with the /x modifier
3392 # We have to leave comments unmangled.
3393 sub re_uninterp_extended {
3406 ( \(\?\??\{$bal\}\) # $4 (skip over (?{}) and (??{}) blocks)
3407 | \#[^\n]* # (skip over comments)
3414 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3420 my %unctrl = # portable to to EBCDIC
3422 "\c@" => '\c@', # unused
3449 "\c[" => '\c[', # unused
3450 "\c\\" => '\c\\', # unused
3451 "\c]" => '\c]', # unused
3452 "\c_" => '\c_', # unused
3455 # character escapes, but not delimiters that might need to be escaped
3456 sub escape_str { # ASCII, UTF8
3458 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
3460 # $str =~ s/\cH/\\b/g; # \b means something different in a regex
3466 $str =~ s/([\cA-\cZ])/$unctrl{$1}/ge;
3467 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
3471 # For regexes with the /x modifier.
3472 # Leave whitespace unmangled.
3473 sub escape_extended_re {
3475 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
3476 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/
3477 ($1 =~ y! \t\n!!) ? $1 : sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
3478 $str =~ s/\n/\n\f/g;
3482 # Don't do this for regexen
3485 $str =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
3489 # Remove backslashes which precede literal control characters,
3490 # to avoid creating ambiguity when we escape the latter.
3494 # the insane complexity here is due to the behaviour of "\c\"
3495 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\]|\\c\\)(?<!\\c)\\(\\\\)*(?=[[:^print:]])/$1$2/g;
3499 sub balanced_delim {
3501 my @str = split //, $str;
3502 my($ar, $open, $close, $fail, $c, $cnt, $last_bs);
3503 for $ar (['[',']'], ['(',')'], ['<','>'], ['{','}']) {
3504 ($open, $close) = @$ar;
3505 $fail = 0; $cnt = 0; $last_bs = 0;
3508 $fail = 1 if $last_bs;
3510 } elsif ($c eq $close) {
3511 $fail = 1 if $last_bs;
3519 $last_bs = $c eq '\\';
3521 $fail = 1 if $cnt != 0;
3522 return ($open, "$open$str$close") if not $fail;
3528 my($q, $default, $str) = @_;
3529 return "$default$str$default" if $default and index($str, $default) == -1;
3531 (my $succeed, $str) = balanced_delim($str);
3532 return "$q$str" if $succeed;
3534 for my $delim ('/', '"', '#') {
3535 return "$q$delim" . $str . $delim if index($str, $delim) == -1;
3538 $str =~ s/$default/\\$default/g;
3539 return "$default$str$default";
3547 BEGIN { $max_prec = int(0.999 + 8*length(pack("F", 42))*log(2)/log(10)); }
3549 # Split a floating point number into an integer mantissa and a binary
3550 # exponent. Assumes you've already made sure the number isn't zero or
3551 # some weird infinity or NaN.
3555 if ($f == int($f)) {
3556 while ($f % 2 == 0) {
3561 while ($f != int($f)) {
3566 my $mantissa = sprintf("%.0f", $f);
3567 return ($mantissa, $exponent);
3573 if ($self->{'use_dumper'}) {
3574 return $self->const_dumper($sv, $cx);
3576 if (class($sv) eq "SPECIAL") {
3577 # sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no
3578 return ('undef', '1', $self->maybe_parens("!1", $cx, 21))[$$sv-1];
3579 } elsif (class($sv) eq "NULL") {
3582 # convert a version object into the "v1.2.3" string in its V magic
3583 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVs_RMG) {
3584 for (my $mg = $sv->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
3585 return $mg->PTR if $mg->TYPE eq 'V';
3589 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
3590 my $str = $sv->int_value;
3591 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $str < 0;
3593 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_NOK) {
3596 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", 0)) {
3601 return $self->maybe_parens("-.0", $cx, 21);
3603 } elsif (1/$nv == 0) {
3606 return $self->maybe_parens("9**9**9", $cx, 22);
3609 return $self->maybe_parens("-9**9**9", $cx, 21);
3611 } elsif ($nv != $nv) {
3613 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", sin(9**9**9))) {
3615 return "sin(9**9**9)";
3616 } elsif (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", -sin(9**9**9))) {
3618 return $self->maybe_parens("-sin(9**9**9)", $cx, 21);
3621 my $hex = unpack("h*", pack("F", $nv));
3622 return qq'unpack("F", pack("h*", "$hex"))';
3625 # first, try the default stringification
3628 # failing that, try using more precision
3629 $str = sprintf("%.${max_prec}g", $nv);
3630 # if (pack("F", $str) ne pack("F", $nv)) {
3632 # not representable in decimal with whatever sprintf()
3633 # and atof() Perl is using here.
3634 my($mant, $exp) = split_float($nv);
3635 return $self->maybe_parens("$mant * 2**$exp", $cx, 19);
3638 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $nv < 0;
3640 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_ROK && $sv->can("RV")) {
3642 if (class($ref) eq "AV") {
3643 return "[" . $self->list_const(2, $ref->ARRAY) . "]";
3644 } elsif (class($ref) eq "HV") {
3645 my %hash = $ref->ARRAY;
3647 for my $k (sort keys %hash) {
3648 push @elts, "$k => " . $self->const($hash{$k}, 6);
3650 return "{" . join(", ", @elts) . "}";
3651 } elsif (class($ref) eq "CV") {
3652 return "sub " . $self->deparse_sub($ref);
3654 if ($ref->FLAGS & SVs_SMG) {
3655 for (my $mg = $ref->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
3656 if ($mg->TYPE eq 'r') {
3657 my $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($mg->precomp)));
3658 return single_delim("qr", "", $re);
3663 return $self->maybe_parens("\\" . $self->const($ref, 20), $cx, 20);
3664 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
3666 if ($str =~ /[[:^print:]]/) {
3667 return single_delim("qq", '"', uninterp escape_str unback $str);
3669 return single_delim("q", "'", unback $str);
3679 my $ref = $sv->object_2svref();
3680 my $dumper = Data::Dumper->new([$$ref], ['$v']);
3681 $dumper->Purity(1)->Terse(1)->Deparse(1)->Indent(0)->Useqq(1)->Sortkeys(1);
3682 my $str = $dumper->Dump();
3683 if ($str =~ /^\$v/) {
3684 return '${my ' . $str . ' \$v}';
3694 # the constant could be in the pad (under useithreads)
3695 $sv = $self->padval($op->targ) unless $$sv;
3702 if ($op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE) {
3705 # if ($op->private & OPpCONST_BARE) { # trouble with `=>' autoquoting
3706 # return $self->const_sv($op)->PV;
3708 my $sv = $self->const_sv($op);
3709 return $self->const($sv, $cx);
3715 my $type = $op->name;
3716 if ($type eq "const") {
3717 return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
3718 return uninterp(escape_str(unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string)));
3719 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
3720 my $first = $self->dq($op->first);
3721 my $last = $self->dq($op->last);
3723 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]", "$foo\::bar"
3724 ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
3725 $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/) # "${^}W" etc
3726 || ($last =~ /^[:'{\[\w_]/ && #'
3727 $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
3729 return $first . $last;
3730 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
3731 return '\U' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3732 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
3733 return '\L' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3734 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
3735 return '\u' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
3736 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
3737 return '\l' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
3738 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
3739 return '\Q' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3740 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
3741 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
3743 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
3750 # skip pushmark if it exists (readpipe() vs ``)
3751 my $child = $op->first->sibling->isa('B::NULL')
3752 ? $op->first->first : $op->first->sibling;
3753 return single_delim("qx", '`', $self->dq($child));
3759 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip ex-stringify, pushmark
3760 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if $self->{'unquote'};
3761 $self->maybe_targmy($kid, $cx,
3762 sub {single_delim("qq", '"', $self->dq($_[1]))});
3765 # OP_STRINGIFY is a listop, but it only ever has one arg
3766 sub pp_stringify { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dquote) }
3768 # tr/// and s/// (and tr[][], tr[]//, tr###, etc)
3769 # note that tr(from)/to/ is OK, but not tr/from/(to)
3771 my($from, $to) = @_;
3772 my($succeed, $delim);
3773 if ($from !~ m[/] and $to !~ m[/]) {
3774 return "/$from/$to/";
3775 } elsif (($succeed, $from) = balanced_delim($from) and $succeed) {
3776 if (($succeed, $to) = balanced_delim($to) and $succeed) {
3779 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no `'' -- s''' is special
3780 return "$from$delim$to$delim" if index($to, $delim) == -1;
3783 return "$from/$to/";
3786 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no '
3787 return "$delim$from$delim$to$delim"
3788 if index($to . $from, $delim) == -1;
3790 $from =~ s[/][\\/]g;
3792 return "/$from/$to/";
3796 # Only used by tr///, so backslashes hyphens
3799 if ($n == ord '\\') {
3801 } elsif ($n == ord "-") {
3803 } elsif ($n >= ord(' ') and $n <= ord('~')) {
3805 } elsif ($n == ord "\a") {
3807 } elsif ($n == ord "\b") {
3809 } elsif ($n == ord "\t") {
3811 } elsif ($n == ord "\n") {
3813 } elsif ($n == ord "\e") {
3815 } elsif ($n == ord "\f") {
3817 } elsif ($n == ord "\r") {
3819 } elsif ($n >= ord("\cA") and $n <= ord("\cZ")) {
3820 return '\\c' . chr(ord("@") + $n);
3822 # return '\x' . sprintf("%02x", $n);
3823 return '\\' . sprintf("%03o", $n);
3829 my($str, $c, $tr) = ("");
3830 for ($c = 0; $c < @chars; $c++) {
3833 if ($c <= $#chars - 2 and $chars[$c + 1] == $tr + 1 and
3834 $chars[$c + 2] == $tr + 2)
3836 for (; $c <= $#chars-1 and $chars[$c + 1] == $chars[$c] + 1; $c++)
3839 $str .= pchr($chars[$c]);
3845 sub tr_decode_byte {
3846 my($table, $flags) = @_;
3847 my(@table) = unpack("s*", $table);
3848 splice @table, 0x100, 1; # Number of subsequent elements
3849 my($c, $tr, @from, @to, @delfrom, $delhyphen);
3850 if ($table[ord "-"] != -1 and
3851 $table[ord("-") - 1] == -1 || $table[ord("-") + 1] == -1)
3853 $tr = $table[ord "-"];
3854 $table[ord "-"] = -1;
3858 } else { # -2 ==> delete
3862 for ($c = 0; $c < @table; $c++) {
3865 push @from, $c; push @to, $tr;
3866 } elsif ($tr == -2) {
3870 @from = (@from, @delfrom);
3871 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
3874 @from{@from} = (1) x @from;
3875 for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
3876 push @newfrom, $c unless $from{$c};
3880 unless ($flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE || !@to) {
3881 pop @to while $#to and $to[$#to] == $to[$#to -1];
3884 $from = collapse(@from);
3885 $to = collapse(@to);
3886 $from .= "-" if $delhyphen;
3887 return ($from, $to);
3892 if ($x == ord "-") {
3894 } elsif ($x == ord "\\") {
3901 # XXX This doesn't yet handle all cases correctly either
3903 sub tr_decode_utf8 {
3904 my($swash_hv, $flags) = @_;
3905 my %swash = $swash_hv->ARRAY;
3907 $final = $swash{'FINAL'}->IV if exists $swash{'FINAL'};
3908 my $none = $swash{"NONE"}->IV;
3909 my $extra = $none + 1;
3910 my(@from, @delfrom, @to);
3912 foreach $line (split /\n/, $swash{'LIST'}->PV) {
3913 my($min, $max, $result) = split(/\t/, $line);
3920 $result = hex $result;
3921 if ($result == $extra) {
3922 push @delfrom, [$min, $max];
3924 push @from, [$min, $max];
3925 push @to, [$result, $result + $max - $min];
3928 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
3929 if ($from[$i][0] == ord '-') {
3930 unshift @from, splice(@from, $i, 1);
3931 unshift @to, splice(@to, $i, 1);
3933 } elsif ($from[$i][1] == ord '-') {
3936 unshift @from, ord '-';
3937 unshift @to, ord '-';
3941 for my $i (0 .. $#delfrom) {
3942 if ($delfrom[$i][0] == ord '-') {
3943 push @delfrom, splice(@delfrom, $i, 1);
3945 } elsif ($delfrom[$i][1] == ord '-') {
3947 push @delfrom, ord '-';
3951 if (defined $final and $to[$#to][1] != $final) {
3952 push @to, [$final, $final];
3954 push @from, @delfrom;
3955 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
3958 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
3959 push @newfrom, [$next, $from[$i][0] - 1];
3960 $next = $from[$i][1] + 1;
3963 for my $range (@newfrom) {
3964 if ($range->[0] <= $range->[1]) {
3969 my($from, $to, $diff);
3970 for my $chunk (@from) {
3971 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
3973 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3974 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
3975 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3977 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
3980 for my $chunk (@to) {
3981 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
3983 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3984 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
3985 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3987 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
3990 #$final = sprintf("%04x", $final) if defined $final;
3991 #$none = sprintf("%04x", $none) if defined $none;
3992 #$extra = sprintf("%04x", $extra) if defined $extra;
3993 #print STDERR "final: $final\n none: $none\nextra: $extra\n";
3994 #print STDERR $swash{'LIST'}->PV;
3995 return (escape_str($from), escape_str($to));
4002 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
4003 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_byte($op->pv, $op->private);
4004 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
4005 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_utf8($op->sv->RV, $op->private);
4008 $flags .= "c" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4009 $flags .= "d" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4010 $to = "" if $from eq $to and $flags eq "";
4011 $flags .= "s" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4012 return "tr" . double_delim($from, $to) . $flags;
4015 # Like dq(), but different
4018 my ($op, $extended) = @_;
4020 my $type = $op->name;
4021 if ($type eq "const") {
4022 return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
4023 my $unbacked = re_unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string);
4024 return re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked))
4026 return re_uninterp(escape_str($unbacked));
4027 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
4028 my $first = $self->re_dq($op->first, $extended);
4029 my $last = $self->re_dq($op->last, $extended);
4031 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]"
4032 ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
4033 $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/) # "${^}W" etc
4034 || ($last =~ /^[{\[\w_]/ &&
4035 $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
4037 return $first . $last;
4038 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
4039 return '\U' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
4040 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
4041 return '\L' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
4042 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
4043 return '\u' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
4044 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
4045 return '\l' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
4046 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
4047 return '\Q' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
4048 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
4049 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
4051 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
4056 my ($self, $op) = @_;
4057 return 0 if null $op;
4058 my $type = $op->name;
4060 if ($type eq 'const') {
4063 elsif ($type =~ /^[ul]c(first)?$/ || $type eq 'quotemeta') {
4064 return $self->pure_string($op->first->sibling);
4066 elsif ($type eq 'join') {
4067 my $join_op = $op->first->sibling; # Skip pushmark
4068 return 0 unless $join_op->name eq 'null' && $join_op->targ eq OP_RV2SV;
4070 my $gvop = $join_op->first;
4071 return 0 unless $gvop->name eq 'gvsv';
4072 return 0 unless '"' eq $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($gvop));
4074 return 0 unless ${$join_op->sibling} eq ${$op->last};
4075 return 0 unless $op->last->name =~ /^(?:[ah]slice|(?:rv2|pad)av)$/;
4077 elsif ($type eq 'concat') {
4078 return $self->pure_string($op->first)
4079 && $self->pure_string($op->last);
4081 elsif (is_scalar($op) || $type =~ /^[ah]elem$/) {
4084 elsif ($type eq "null" and $op->can('first') and not null $op->first and
4085 $op->first->name eq "null" and $op->first->can('first')
4086 and not null $op->first->first and
4087 $op->first->first->name eq "aelemfast") {
4099 my($op, $cx, $extended) = @_;
4100 my $kid = $op->first;
4101 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcmaybe";
4102 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcreset";
4103 if ($kid->name eq "null" and !null($kid->first)
4104 and $kid->first->name eq 'pushmark')
4107 $kid = $kid->first->sibling;
4108 while (!null($kid)) {
4109 $str .= $self->re_dq($kid, $extended);
4110 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4115 return ($self->re_dq($kid, $extended), 1) if $self->pure_string($kid);
4116 return ($self->deparse($kid, $cx), 0);
4120 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
4121 return (($self->regcomp($op, $cx, 0))[0]);
4124 # osmic acid -- see osmium tetroxide
4127 map($matchwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'cig', 'cog', 'cos', 'cogs',
4128 'cox', 'go', 'is', 'ism', 'iso', 'mig', 'mix', 'osmic', 'ox', 'sic',
4129 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'so', 'soc', 'sog', 'xi');
4133 my($op, $cx, $name, $delim) = @_;
4134 my $kid = $op->first;
4135 my ($binop, $var, $re) = ("", "", "");
4136 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
4138 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
4139 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4142 my $extended = ($op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED);
4144 my $unbacked = re_unback($op->precomp);
4146 $re = re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked));
4148 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($op->precomp)));
4150 } elsif ($kid->name ne 'regcomp') {
4151 carp("found ".$kid->name." where regcomp expected");
4153 ($re, $quote) = $self->regcomp($kid, 21, $extended);
4156 $flags .= "c" if $op->pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE;
4157 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
4158 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
4159 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
4160 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
4161 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
4162 $flags .= "x" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED;
4163 $flags = $matchwords{$flags} if $matchwords{$flags};
4164 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_ONCE) { # only one kind of delimiter works here
4168 $re = single_delim($name, $delim, $re);
4170 $re = $re . $flags if $quote;
4172 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ $re", $cx, 20);
4178 sub pp_match { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
4179 sub pp_pushre { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
4180 sub pp_qr { matchop(@_, "qr", "") }
4185 my($kid, @exprs, $ary, $expr);
4188 # For our kid (an OP_PUSHRE), pmreplroot is never actually the
4189 # root of a replacement; it's either empty, or abused to point to
4190 # the GV for an array we split into (an optimization to save
4191 # assignment overhead). Depending on whether we're using ithreads,
4192 # this OP* holds either a GV* or a PADOFFSET. Luckily, B.xs
4193 # figures out for us which it is.
4194 my $replroot = $kid->pmreplroot;
4196 if (ref($replroot) eq "B::GV") {
4198 } elsif (!ref($replroot) and $replroot > 0) {
4199 $gv = $self->padval($replroot);
4201 $ary = $self->stash_variable('@', $self->gv_name($gv)) if $gv;
4203 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
4204 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
4207 # handle special case of split(), and split(' ') that compiles to /\s+/
4209 if ( $kid->flags & OPf_SPECIAL
4210 and ( $] < 5.009 ? $kid->pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE()
4211 : $kid->reflags & RXf_SKIPWHITE() ) ) {
4215 $expr = "split(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
4217 return $self->maybe_parens("$ary = $expr", $cx, 7);
4223 # oxime -- any of various compounds obtained chiefly by the action of
4224 # hydroxylamine on aldehydes and ketones and characterized by the
4225 # bivalent grouping C=NOH [Webster's Tenth]
4228 map($substwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'ego', 'egoism', 'em',
4229 'es', 'ex', 'exes', 'gee', 'go', 'goes', 'ie', 'ism', 'iso', 'me',
4230 'meese', 'meso', 'mig', 'mix', 'os', 'ox', 'oxime', 'see', 'seem',
4231 'seg', 'sex', 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'sog', 'some', 'xi');
4236 my $kid = $op->first;
4237 my($binop, $var, $re, $repl) = ("", "", "", "");
4238 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
4240 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
4241 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4244 if (null($op->pmreplroot)) {
4245 $repl = $self->dq($kid);
4246 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4248 $repl = $op->pmreplroot->first; # skip substcont
4249 while ($repl->name eq "entereval") {
4250 $repl = $repl->first;
4253 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4254 $repl = $self->deparse($repl->first, 0);
4256 $repl = $self->dq($repl);
4259 my $extended = ($op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED);
4261 my $unbacked = re_unback($op->precomp);
4263 $re = re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked));
4266 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str($unbacked));
4269 ($re) = $self->regcomp($kid, 1, $extended);
4271 $flags .= "e" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL;
4272 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
4273 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
4274 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
4275 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
4276 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
4277 $flags .= "x" if $extended;
4278 $flags = $substwords{$flags} if $substwords{$flags};
4280 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ s"
4281 . double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags,
4284 return "s". double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags;
4293 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
4297 B<perl> B<-MO=Deparse>[B<,-d>][B<,-f>I<FILE>][B<,-p>][B<,-q>][B<,-l>]
4298 [B<,-s>I<LETTERS>][B<,-x>I<LEVEL>] I<prog.pl>
4302 B::Deparse is a backend module for the Perl compiler that generates
4303 perl source code, based on the internal compiled structure that perl
4304 itself creates after parsing a program. The output of B::Deparse won't
4305 be exactly the same as the original source, since perl doesn't keep
4306 track of comments or whitespace, and there isn't a one-to-one
4307 correspondence between perl's syntactical constructions and their
4308 compiled form, but it will often be close. When you use the B<-p>
4309 option, the output also includes parentheses even when they are not
4310 required by precedence, which can make it easy to see if perl is
4311 parsing your expressions the way you intended.
4313 While B::Deparse goes to some lengths to try to figure out what your
4314 original program was doing, some parts of the language can still trip
4315 it up; it still fails even on some parts of Perl's own test suite. If
4316 you encounter a failure other than the most common ones described in
4317 the BUGS section below, you can help contribute to B::Deparse's
4318 ongoing development by submitting a bug report with a small
4323 As with all compiler backend options, these must follow directly after
4324 the '-MO=Deparse', separated by a comma but not any white space.
4330 Output data values (when they appear as constants) using Data::Dumper.
4331 Without this option, B::Deparse will use some simple routines of its
4332 own for the same purpose. Currently, Data::Dumper is better for some
4333 kinds of data (such as complex structures with sharing and
4334 self-reference) while the built-in routines are better for others
4335 (such as odd floating-point values).
4339 Normally, B::Deparse deparses the main code of a program, and all the subs
4340 defined in the same file. To include subs defined in other files, pass the
4341 B<-f> option with the filename. You can pass the B<-f> option several times, to
4342 include more than one secondary file. (Most of the time you don't want to
4343 use it at all.) You can also use this option to include subs which are
4344 defined in the scope of a B<#line> directive with two parameters.
4348 Add '#line' declarations to the output based on the line and file
4349 locations of the original code.
4353 Print extra parentheses. Without this option, B::Deparse includes
4354 parentheses in its output only when they are needed, based on the
4355 structure of your program. With B<-p>, it uses parentheses (almost)
4356 whenever they would be legal. This can be useful if you are used to
4357 LISP, or if you want to see how perl parses your input. If you say
4359 if ($var & 0x7f == 65) {print "Gimme an A!"}
4360 print ($which ? $a : $b), "\n";
4361 $name = $ENV{USER} or "Bob";
4363 C<B::Deparse,-p> will print
4366 print('Gimme an A!')
4368 (print(($which ? $a : $b)), '???');
4369 (($name = $ENV{'USER'}) or '???')
4371 which probably isn't what you intended (the C<'???'> is a sign that
4372 perl optimized away a constant value).
4376 Disable prototype checking. With this option, all function calls are
4377 deparsed as if no prototype was defined for them. In other words,
4379 perl -MO=Deparse,-P -e 'sub foo (\@) { 1 } foo @x'
4388 making clear how the parameters are actually passed to C<foo>.
4392 Expand double-quoted strings into the corresponding combinations of
4393 concatenation, uc, ucfirst, lc, lcfirst, quotemeta, and join. For
4396 print "Hello, $world, @ladies, \u$gentlemen\E, \u\L$me!";
4400 print 'Hello, ' . $world . ', ' . join($", @ladies) . ', '
4401 . ucfirst($gentlemen) . ', ' . ucfirst(lc $me . '!');
4403 Note that the expanded form represents the way perl handles such
4404 constructions internally -- this option actually turns off the reverse
4405 translation that B::Deparse usually does. On the other hand, note that
4406 C<$x = "$y"> is not the same as C<$x = $y>: the former makes the value
4407 of $y into a string before doing the assignment.
4409 =item B<-s>I<LETTERS>
4411 Tweak the style of B::Deparse's output. The letters should follow
4412 directly after the 's', with no space or punctuation. The following
4413 options are available:
4419 Cuddle C<elsif>, C<else>, and C<continue> blocks. For example, print
4436 The default is not to cuddle.
4440 Indent lines by multiples of I<NUMBER> columns. The default is 4 columns.
4444 Use tabs for each 8 columns of indent. The default is to use only spaces.
4445 For instance, if the style options are B<-si4T>, a line that's indented
4446 3 times will be preceded by one tab and four spaces; if the options were
4447 B<-si8T>, the same line would be preceded by three tabs.
4449 =item B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
4451 Print I<STRING> for the value of a constant that can't be determined
4452 because it was optimized away (mnemonic: this happens when a constant
4453 is used in B<v>oid context). The end of the string is marked by a period.
4454 The string should be a valid perl expression, generally a constant.
4455 Note that unless it's a number, it probably needs to be quoted, and on
4456 a command line quotes need to be protected from the shell. Some
4457 conventional values include 0, 1, 42, '', 'foo', and
4458 'Useless use of constant omitted' (which may need to be
4459 B<-sv"'Useless use of constant omitted'.">
4460 or something similar depending on your shell). The default is '???'.
4461 If you're using B::Deparse on a module or other file that's require'd,
4462 you shouldn't use a value that evaluates to false, since the customary
4463 true constant at the end of a module will be in void context when the
4464 file is compiled as a main program.
4470 Expand conventional syntax constructions into equivalent ones that expose
4471 their internal operation. I<LEVEL> should be a digit, with higher values
4472 meaning more expansion. As with B<-q>, this actually involves turning off
4473 special cases in B::Deparse's normal operations.
4475 If I<LEVEL> is at least 3, C<for> loops will be translated into equivalent
4476 while loops with continue blocks; for instance
4478 for ($i = 0; $i < 10; ++$i) {
4491 Note that in a few cases this translation can't be perfectly carried back
4492 into the source code -- if the loop's initializer declares a my variable,
4493 for instance, it won't have the correct scope outside of the loop.
4495 If I<LEVEL> is at least 5, C<use> declarations will be translated into
4496 C<BEGIN> blocks containing calls to C<require> and C<import>; for
4506 'strict'->import('refs')
4510 If I<LEVEL> is at least 7, C<if> statements will be translated into
4511 equivalent expressions using C<&&>, C<?:> and C<do {}>; for instance
4513 print 'hi' if $nice;
4525 $nice and print 'hi';
4526 $nice and do { print 'hi' };
4527 $nice ? do { print 'hi' } : do { print 'bye' };
4529 Long sequences of elsifs will turn into nested ternary operators, which
4530 B::Deparse doesn't know how to indent nicely.
4534 =head1 USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
4539 $deparse = B::Deparse->new("-p", "-sC");
4540 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func);
4541 eval "sub func $body"; # the inverse operation
4545 B::Deparse can also be used on a sub-by-sub basis from other perl
4550 $deparse = B::Deparse->new(OPTIONS)
4552 Create an object to store the state of a deparsing operation and any
4553 options. The options are the same as those that can be given on the
4554 command line (see L</OPTIONS>); options that are separated by commas
4555 after B<-MO=Deparse> should be given as separate strings. Some
4556 options, like B<-u>, don't make sense for a single subroutine, so
4559 =head2 ambient_pragmas
4561 $deparse->ambient_pragmas(strict => 'all', '$[' => $[);
4563 The compilation of a subroutine can be affected by a few compiler
4564 directives, B<pragmas>. These are:
4578 Assigning to the special variable $[
4598 Ordinarily, if you use B::Deparse on a subroutine which has
4599 been compiled in the presence of one or more of these pragmas,
4600 the output will include statements to turn on the appropriate
4601 directives. So if you then compile the code returned by coderef2text,
4602 it will behave the same way as the subroutine which you deparsed.
4604 However, you may know that you intend to use the results in a
4605 particular context, where some pragmas are already in scope. In
4606 this case, you use the B<ambient_pragmas> method to describe the
4607 assumptions you wish to make.
4609 Not all of the options currently have any useful effect. See
4610 L</BUGS> for more details.
4612 The parameters it accepts are:
4618 Takes a string, possibly containing several values separated
4619 by whitespace. The special values "all" and "none" mean what you'd
4622 $deparse->ambient_pragmas(strict => 'subs refs');
4626 Takes a number, the value of the array base $[.
4634 If the value is true, then the appropriate pragma is assumed to
4635 be in the ambient scope, otherwise not.
4639 Takes a string, possibly containing a whitespace-separated list of
4640 values. The values "all" and "none" are special. It's also permissible
4641 to pass an array reference here.
4643 $deparser->ambient_pragmas(re => 'eval');
4648 Takes a string, possibly containing a whitespace-separated list of
4649 values. The values "all" and "none" are special, again. It's also
4650 permissible to pass an array reference here.
4652 $deparser->ambient_pragmas(warnings => [qw[void io]]);
4654 If one of the values is the string "FATAL", then all the warnings
4655 in that list will be considered fatal, just as with the B<warnings>
4656 pragma itself. Should you need to specify that some warnings are
4657 fatal, and others are merely enabled, you can pass the B<warnings>
4660 $deparser->ambient_pragmas(
4662 warnings => [FATAL => qw/void io/],
4665 See L<perllexwarn> for more information about lexical warnings.
4671 These two parameters are used to specify the ambient pragmas in
4672 the format used by the special variables $^H and ${^WARNING_BITS}.
4674 They exist principally so that you can write code like:
4676 { my ($hint_bits, $warning_bits);
4677 BEGIN {($hint_bits, $warning_bits) = ($^H, ${^WARNING_BITS})}
4678 $deparser->ambient_pragmas (
4679 hint_bits => $hint_bits,
4680 warning_bits => $warning_bits,
4684 which specifies that the ambient pragmas are exactly those which
4685 are in scope at the point of calling.
4691 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func)
4692 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(sub ($$) { ... })
4694 Return source code for the body of a subroutine (a block, optionally
4695 preceded by a prototype in parens), given a reference to the
4696 sub. Because a subroutine can have no names, or more than one name,
4697 this method doesn't return a complete subroutine definition -- if you
4698 want to eval the result, you should prepend "sub subname ", or "sub "
4699 for an anonymous function constructor. Unless the sub was defined in
4700 the main:: package, the code will include a package declaration.
4708 The only pragmas to be completely supported are: C<use warnings>,
4709 C<use strict 'refs'>, C<use bytes>, and C<use integer>. (C<$[>, which
4710 behaves like a pragma, is also supported.)
4712 Excepting those listed above, we're currently unable to guarantee that
4713 B::Deparse will produce a pragma at the correct point in the program.
4714 (Specifically, pragmas at the beginning of a block often appear right
4715 before the start of the block instead.)
4716 Since the effects of pragmas are often lexically scoped, this can mean
4717 that the pragma holds sway over a different portion of the program
4718 than in the input file.
4722 In fact, the above is a specific instance of a more general problem:
4723 we can't guarantee to produce BEGIN blocks or C<use> declarations in
4724 exactly the right place. So if you use a module which affects compilation
4725 (such as by over-riding keywords, overloading constants or whatever)
4726 then the output code might not work as intended.
4728 This is the most serious outstanding problem, and will require some help
4729 from the Perl core to fix.
4733 If a keyword is over-ridden, and your program explicitly calls
4734 the built-in version by using CORE::keyword, the output of B::Deparse
4735 will not reflect this. If you run the resulting code, it will call
4736 the over-ridden version rather than the built-in one. (Maybe there
4737 should be an option to B<always> print keyword calls as C<CORE::name>.)
4741 Some constants don't print correctly either with or without B<-d>.
4742 For instance, neither B::Deparse nor Data::Dumper know how to print
4743 dual-valued scalars correctly, as in:
4745 use constant E2BIG => ($!=7); $y = E2BIG; print $y, 0+$y;
4749 An input file that uses source filtering probably won't be deparsed into
4750 runnable code, because it will still include the B<use> declaration
4751 for the source filtering module, even though the code that is
4752 produced is already ordinary Perl which shouldn't be filtered again.
4756 Optimised away statements are rendered as '???'. This includes statements that
4757 have a compile-time side-effect, such as the obscure
4761 which is not, consequently, deparsed correctly.
4765 Lexical (my) variables declared in scopes external to a subroutine
4766 appear in code2ref output text as package variables. This is a tricky
4767 problem, as perl has no native facility for refering to a lexical variable
4768 defined within a different scope, although L<PadWalker> is a good start.
4772 There are probably many more bugs on non-ASCII platforms (EBCDIC).
4778 Stephen McCamant <smcc@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU>, based on an earlier version
4779 by Malcolm Beattie <mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk>, with contributions from
4780 Gisle Aas, James Duncan, Albert Dvornik, Robin Houston, Dave Mitchell,
4781 Hugo van der Sanden, Gurusamy Sarathy, Nick Ing-Simmons, and Rafael