3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'I wonder what the Entish is for "yes" and "no",' he thought.
16 * [p.480 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/iv: "Treebeard"]
22 * This file contains the code that creates, manipulates and destroys
23 * scalar values (SVs). The other types (AV, HV, GV, etc.) reuse the
24 * structure of an SV, so their creation and destruction is handled
25 * here; higher-level functions are in av.c, hv.c, and so on. Opcode
26 * level functions (eg. substr, split, join) for each of the types are
36 # if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L && !defined(VMS)
47 /* Missing proto on LynxOS */
48 char *gconvert(double, int, int, char *);
51 #ifdef PERL_UTF8_CACHE_ASSERT
52 /* if adding more checks watch out for the following tests:
53 * t/op/index.t t/op/length.t t/op/pat.t t/op/substr.t
54 * lib/utf8.t lib/Unicode/Collate/t/index.t
57 # define ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache) \
58 STMT_START { if (cache) { assert((cache)[0] <= (cache)[1]); \
59 assert((cache)[2] <= (cache)[3]); \
60 assert((cache)[3] <= (cache)[1]);} \
63 # define ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache) NOOP
66 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
67 #define SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sv) INT2PTR(SV *,SvUVX(sv))
68 #define SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(current,next) SvUV_set(current, PTR2UV(next))
69 /* This is a pessimistic view. Scalar must be purely a read-write PV to copy-
73 /* ============================================================================
75 =head1 Allocation and deallocation of SVs.
77 An SV (or AV, HV, etc.) is allocated in two parts: the head (struct
78 sv, av, hv...) contains type and reference count information, and for
79 many types, a pointer to the body (struct xrv, xpv, xpviv...), which
80 contains fields specific to each type. Some types store all they need
81 in the head, so don't have a body.
83 In all but the most memory-paranoid configurations (ex: PURIFY), heads
84 and bodies are allocated out of arenas, which by default are
85 approximately 4K chunks of memory parcelled up into N heads or bodies.
86 Sv-bodies are allocated by their sv-type, guaranteeing size
87 consistency needed to allocate safely from arrays.
89 For SV-heads, the first slot in each arena is reserved, and holds a
90 link to the next arena, some flags, and a note of the number of slots.
91 Snaked through each arena chain is a linked list of free items; when
92 this becomes empty, an extra arena is allocated and divided up into N
93 items which are threaded into the free list.
95 SV-bodies are similar, but they use arena-sets by default, which
96 separate the link and info from the arena itself, and reclaim the 1st
97 slot in the arena. SV-bodies are further described later.
99 The following global variables are associated with arenas:
101 PL_sv_arenaroot pointer to list of SV arenas
102 PL_sv_root pointer to list of free SV structures
104 PL_body_arenas head of linked-list of body arenas
105 PL_body_roots[] array of pointers to list of free bodies of svtype
106 arrays are indexed by the svtype needed
108 A few special SV heads are not allocated from an arena, but are
109 instead directly created in the interpreter structure, eg PL_sv_undef.
110 The size of arenas can be changed from the default by setting
111 PERL_ARENA_SIZE appropriately at compile time.
113 The SV arena serves the secondary purpose of allowing still-live SVs
114 to be located and destroyed during final cleanup.
116 At the lowest level, the macros new_SV() and del_SV() grab and free
117 an SV head. (If debugging with -DD, del_SV() calls the function S_del_sv()
118 to return the SV to the free list with error checking.) new_SV() calls
119 more_sv() / sv_add_arena() to add an extra arena if the free list is empty.
120 SVs in the free list have their SvTYPE field set to all ones.
122 At the time of very final cleanup, sv_free_arenas() is called from
123 perl_destruct() to physically free all the arenas allocated since the
124 start of the interpreter.
126 The function visit() scans the SV arenas list, and calls a specified
127 function for each SV it finds which is still live - ie which has an SvTYPE
128 other than all 1's, and a non-zero SvREFCNT. visit() is used by the
129 following functions (specified as [function that calls visit()] / [function
130 called by visit() for each SV]):
132 sv_report_used() / do_report_used()
133 dump all remaining SVs (debugging aid)
135 sv_clean_objs() / do_clean_objs(),do_clean_named_objs(),
136 do_clean_named_io_objs()
137 Attempt to free all objects pointed to by RVs,
138 and try to do the same for all objects indirectly
139 referenced by typeglobs too. Called once from
140 perl_destruct(), prior to calling sv_clean_all()
143 sv_clean_all() / do_clean_all()
144 SvREFCNT_dec(sv) each remaining SV, possibly
145 triggering an sv_free(). It also sets the
146 SVf_BREAK flag on the SV to indicate that the
147 refcnt has been artificially lowered, and thus
148 stopping sv_free() from giving spurious warnings
149 about SVs which unexpectedly have a refcnt
150 of zero. called repeatedly from perl_destruct()
151 until there are no SVs left.
153 =head2 Arena allocator API Summary
155 Private API to rest of sv.c
159 new_XPVNV(), del_XPVGV(),
164 sv_report_used(), sv_clean_objs(), sv_clean_all(), sv_free_arenas()
168 * ========================================================================= */
171 * "A time to plant, and a time to uproot what was planted..."
175 # define MEM_LOG_NEW_SV(sv, file, line, func) \
176 Perl_mem_log_new_sv(sv, file, line, func)
177 # define MEM_LOG_DEL_SV(sv, file, line, func) \
178 Perl_mem_log_del_sv(sv, file, line, func)
180 # define MEM_LOG_NEW_SV(sv, file, line, func) NOOP
181 # define MEM_LOG_DEL_SV(sv, file, line, func) NOOP
184 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
185 # define FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(sv) Safefree((sv)->sv_debug_file)
186 # define DEBUG_SV_SERIAL(sv) \
187 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) del_SV\n", \
188 PTR2UV(sv), (long)(sv)->sv_debug_serial))
190 # define FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(sv)
191 # define DEBUG_SV_SERIAL(sv) NOOP
195 # define SvARENA_CHAIN(sv) ((sv)->sv_u.svu_rv)
196 # define SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(sv,val) (sv)->sv_u.svu_rv = MUTABLE_SV((val))
197 /* Whilst I'd love to do this, it seems that things like to check on
199 # define POSION_SV_HEAD(sv) PoisonNew(sv, 1, struct STRUCT_SV)
201 # define POSION_SV_HEAD(sv) PoisonNew(&SvANY(sv), 1, void *), \
202 PoisonNew(&SvREFCNT(sv), 1, U32)
204 # define SvARENA_CHAIN(sv) SvANY(sv)
205 # define SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(sv,val) SvANY(sv) = (void *)(val)
206 # define POSION_SV_HEAD(sv)
209 /* Mark an SV head as unused, and add to free list.
211 * If SVf_BREAK is set, skip adding it to the free list, as this SV had
212 * its refcount artificially decremented during global destruction, so
213 * there may be dangling pointers to it. The last thing we want in that
214 * case is for it to be reused. */
216 #define plant_SV(p) \
218 const U32 old_flags = SvFLAGS(p); \
219 MEM_LOG_DEL_SV(p, __FILE__, __LINE__, FUNCTION__); \
220 DEBUG_SV_SERIAL(p); \
221 FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(p); \
223 SvFLAGS(p) = SVTYPEMASK; \
224 if (!(old_flags & SVf_BREAK)) { \
225 SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(p, PL_sv_root); \
231 #define uproot_SV(p) \
234 PL_sv_root = MUTABLE_SV(SvARENA_CHAIN(p)); \
239 /* make some more SVs by adding another arena */
246 char *chunk; /* must use New here to match call to */
247 Newx(chunk,PERL_ARENA_SIZE,char); /* Safefree() in sv_free_arenas() */
248 sv_add_arena(chunk, PERL_ARENA_SIZE, 0);
253 /* new_SV(): return a new, empty SV head */
255 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
256 /* provide a real function for a debugger to play with */
258 S_new_SV(pTHX_ const char *file, int line, const char *func)
265 sv = S_more_sv(aTHX);
269 sv->sv_debug_optype = PL_op ? PL_op->op_type : 0;
270 sv->sv_debug_line = (U16) (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE
276 sv->sv_debug_inpad = 0;
277 sv->sv_debug_parent = NULL;
278 sv->sv_debug_file = PL_curcop ? savepv(CopFILE(PL_curcop)): NULL;
280 sv->sv_debug_serial = PL_sv_serial++;
282 MEM_LOG_NEW_SV(sv, file, line, func);
283 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) new_SV (from %s:%d [%s])\n",
284 PTR2UV(sv), (long)sv->sv_debug_serial, file, line, func));
288 # define new_SV(p) (p)=S_new_SV(aTHX_ __FILE__, __LINE__, FUNCTION__)
296 (p) = S_more_sv(aTHX); \
300 MEM_LOG_NEW_SV(p, __FILE__, __LINE__, FUNCTION__); \
305 /* del_SV(): return an empty SV head to the free list */
318 S_del_sv(pTHX_ SV *p)
322 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DEL_SV;
327 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = MUTABLE_SV(SvANY(sva))) {
328 const SV * const sv = sva + 1;
329 const SV * const svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva)];
330 if (p >= sv && p < svend) {
336 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
337 "Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%"UVxf
338 pTHX__FORMAT, PTR2UV(p) pTHX__VALUE);
345 #else /* ! DEBUGGING */
347 #define del_SV(p) plant_SV(p)
349 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
353 =head1 SV Manipulation Functions
355 =for apidoc sv_add_arena
357 Given a chunk of memory, link it to the head of the list of arenas,
358 and split it into a list of free SVs.
364 S_sv_add_arena(pTHX_ char *const ptr, const U32 size, const U32 flags)
367 SV *const sva = MUTABLE_SV(ptr);
371 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_ADD_ARENA;
373 /* The first SV in an arena isn't an SV. */
374 SvANY(sva) = (void *) PL_sv_arenaroot; /* ptr to next arena */
375 SvREFCNT(sva) = size / sizeof(SV); /* number of SV slots */
376 SvFLAGS(sva) = flags; /* FAKE if not to be freed */
378 PL_sv_arenaroot = sva;
379 PL_sv_root = sva + 1;
381 svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva) - 1];
384 SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(sv, (sv + 1));
388 /* Must always set typemask because it's always checked in on cleanup
389 when the arenas are walked looking for objects. */
390 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVTYPEMASK;
393 SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(sv, 0);
397 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVTYPEMASK;
400 /* visit(): call the named function for each non-free SV in the arenas
401 * whose flags field matches the flags/mask args. */
404 S_visit(pTHX_ SVFUNC_t f, const U32 flags, const U32 mask)
410 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VISIT;
412 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = MUTABLE_SV(SvANY(sva))) {
413 register const SV * const svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva)];
415 for (sv = sva + 1; sv < svend; ++sv) {
416 if (SvTYPE(sv) != (svtype)SVTYPEMASK
417 && (sv->sv_flags & mask) == flags
430 /* called by sv_report_used() for each live SV */
433 do_report_used(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
435 if (SvTYPE(sv) != (svtype)SVTYPEMASK) {
436 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "****\n");
443 =for apidoc sv_report_used
445 Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed (debugging aid).
451 Perl_sv_report_used(pTHX)
454 visit(do_report_used, 0, 0);
460 /* called by sv_clean_objs() for each live SV */
463 do_clean_objs(pTHX_ SV *const ref)
468 SV * const target = SvRV(ref);
469 if (SvOBJECT(target)) {
470 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning object ref:\n "), sv_dump(ref)));
471 if (SvWEAKREF(ref)) {
472 sv_del_backref(target, ref);
478 SvREFCNT_dec(target);
483 /* XXX Might want to check arrays, etc. */
487 /* clear any slots in a GV which hold objects - except IO;
488 * called by sv_clean_objs() for each live GV */
491 do_clean_named_objs(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
495 assert(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV);
496 assert(isGV_with_GP(sv));
500 /* freeing GP entries may indirectly free the current GV;
501 * hold onto it while we mess with the GP slots */
504 if ( ((obj = GvSV(sv) )) && SvOBJECT(obj)) {
505 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
506 "Cleaning named glob SV object:\n "), sv_dump(obj)));
510 if ( ((obj = MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(sv)) )) && SvOBJECT(obj)) {
511 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
512 "Cleaning named glob AV object:\n "), sv_dump(obj)));
516 if ( ((obj = MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(sv)) )) && SvOBJECT(obj)) {
517 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
518 "Cleaning named glob HV object:\n "), sv_dump(obj)));
522 if ( ((obj = MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(sv)) )) && SvOBJECT(obj)) {
523 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
524 "Cleaning named glob CV object:\n "), sv_dump(obj)));
528 SvREFCNT_dec(sv); /* undo the inc above */
531 /* clear any IO slots in a GV which hold objects (except stderr, defout);
532 * called by sv_clean_objs() for each live GV */
535 do_clean_named_io_objs(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
539 assert(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV);
540 assert(isGV_with_GP(sv));
541 if (!GvGP(sv) || sv == (SV*)PL_stderrgv || sv == (SV*)PL_defoutgv)
545 if ( ((obj = MUTABLE_SV(GvIO(sv)) )) && SvOBJECT(obj)) {
546 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
547 "Cleaning named glob IO object:\n "), sv_dump(obj)));
551 SvREFCNT_dec(sv); /* undo the inc above */
554 /* Void wrapper to pass to visit() */
556 do_curse(pTHX_ SV * const sv) {
557 if ((PL_stderrgv && GvGP(PL_stderrgv) && (SV*)GvIO(PL_stderrgv) == sv)
558 || (PL_defoutgv && GvGP(PL_defoutgv) && (SV*)GvIO(PL_defoutgv) == sv))
564 =for apidoc sv_clean_objs
566 Attempt to destroy all objects not yet freed.
572 Perl_sv_clean_objs(pTHX)
576 PL_in_clean_objs = TRUE;
577 visit(do_clean_objs, SVf_ROK, SVf_ROK);
578 /* Some barnacles may yet remain, clinging to typeglobs.
579 * Run the non-IO destructors first: they may want to output
580 * error messages, close files etc */
581 visit(do_clean_named_objs, SVt_PVGV|SVpgv_GP, SVTYPEMASK|SVp_POK|SVpgv_GP);
582 visit(do_clean_named_io_objs, SVt_PVGV|SVpgv_GP, SVTYPEMASK|SVp_POK|SVpgv_GP);
583 /* And if there are some very tenacious barnacles clinging to arrays,
584 closures, or what have you.... */
585 visit(do_curse, SVs_OBJECT, SVs_OBJECT);
586 olddef = PL_defoutgv;
587 PL_defoutgv = NULL; /* disable skip of PL_defoutgv */
588 if (olddef && isGV_with_GP(olddef))
589 do_clean_named_io_objs(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(olddef));
590 olderr = PL_stderrgv;
591 PL_stderrgv = NULL; /* disable skip of PL_stderrgv */
592 if (olderr && isGV_with_GP(olderr))
593 do_clean_named_io_objs(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(olderr));
594 SvREFCNT_dec(olddef);
595 PL_in_clean_objs = FALSE;
598 /* called by sv_clean_all() for each live SV */
601 do_clean_all(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
604 if (sv == (const SV *) PL_fdpid || sv == (const SV *)PL_strtab) {
605 /* don't clean pid table and strtab */
608 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning loops: SV at 0x%"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(sv)) ));
609 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_BREAK;
614 =for apidoc sv_clean_all
616 Decrement the refcnt of each remaining SV, possibly triggering a
617 cleanup. This function may have to be called multiple times to free
618 SVs which are in complex self-referential hierarchies.
624 Perl_sv_clean_all(pTHX)
628 PL_in_clean_all = TRUE;
629 cleaned = visit(do_clean_all, 0,0);
634 ARENASETS: a meta-arena implementation which separates arena-info
635 into struct arena_set, which contains an array of struct
636 arena_descs, each holding info for a single arena. By separating
637 the meta-info from the arena, we recover the 1st slot, formerly
638 borrowed for list management. The arena_set is about the size of an
639 arena, avoiding the needless malloc overhead of a naive linked-list.
641 The cost is 1 arena-set malloc per ~320 arena-mallocs, + the unused
642 memory in the last arena-set (1/2 on average). In trade, we get
643 back the 1st slot in each arena (ie 1.7% of a CV-arena, less for
644 smaller types). The recovery of the wasted space allows use of
645 small arenas for large, rare body types, by changing array* fields
646 in body_details_by_type[] below.
649 char *arena; /* the raw storage, allocated aligned */
650 size_t size; /* its size ~4k typ */
651 svtype utype; /* bodytype stored in arena */
656 /* Get the maximum number of elements in set[] such that struct arena_set
657 will fit within PERL_ARENA_SIZE, which is probably just under 4K, and
658 therefore likely to be 1 aligned memory page. */
660 #define ARENAS_PER_SET ((PERL_ARENA_SIZE - sizeof(struct arena_set*) \
661 - 2 * sizeof(int)) / sizeof (struct arena_desc))
664 struct arena_set* next;
665 unsigned int set_size; /* ie ARENAS_PER_SET */
666 unsigned int curr; /* index of next available arena-desc */
667 struct arena_desc set[ARENAS_PER_SET];
671 =for apidoc sv_free_arenas
673 Deallocate the memory used by all arenas. Note that all the individual SV
674 heads and bodies within the arenas must already have been freed.
679 Perl_sv_free_arenas(pTHX)
686 /* Free arenas here, but be careful about fake ones. (We assume
687 contiguity of the fake ones with the corresponding real ones.) */
689 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = svanext) {
690 svanext = MUTABLE_SV(SvANY(sva));
691 while (svanext && SvFAKE(svanext))
692 svanext = MUTABLE_SV(SvANY(svanext));
699 struct arena_set *aroot = (struct arena_set*) PL_body_arenas;
702 struct arena_set *current = aroot;
705 assert(aroot->set[i].arena);
706 Safefree(aroot->set[i].arena);
714 i = PERL_ARENA_ROOTS_SIZE;
716 PL_body_roots[i] = 0;
723 Here are mid-level routines that manage the allocation of bodies out
724 of the various arenas. There are 5 kinds of arenas:
726 1. SV-head arenas, which are discussed and handled above
727 2. regular body arenas
728 3. arenas for reduced-size bodies
731 Arena types 2 & 3 are chained by body-type off an array of
732 arena-root pointers, which is indexed by svtype. Some of the
733 larger/less used body types are malloced singly, since a large
734 unused block of them is wasteful. Also, several svtypes dont have
735 bodies; the data fits into the sv-head itself. The arena-root
736 pointer thus has a few unused root-pointers (which may be hijacked
737 later for arena types 4,5)
739 3 differs from 2 as an optimization; some body types have several
740 unused fields in the front of the structure (which are kept in-place
741 for consistency). These bodies can be allocated in smaller chunks,
742 because the leading fields arent accessed. Pointers to such bodies
743 are decremented to point at the unused 'ghost' memory, knowing that
744 the pointers are used with offsets to the real memory.
747 =head1 SV-Body Allocation
749 Allocation of SV-bodies is similar to SV-heads, differing as follows;
750 the allocation mechanism is used for many body types, so is somewhat
751 more complicated, it uses arena-sets, and has no need for still-live
754 At the outermost level, (new|del)_X*V macros return bodies of the
755 appropriate type. These macros call either (new|del)_body_type or
756 (new|del)_body_allocated macro pairs, depending on specifics of the
757 type. Most body types use the former pair, the latter pair is used to
758 allocate body types with "ghost fields".
760 "ghost fields" are fields that are unused in certain types, and
761 consequently don't need to actually exist. They are declared because
762 they're part of a "base type", which allows use of functions as
763 methods. The simplest examples are AVs and HVs, 2 aggregate types
764 which don't use the fields which support SCALAR semantics.
766 For these types, the arenas are carved up into appropriately sized
767 chunks, we thus avoid wasted memory for those unaccessed members.
768 When bodies are allocated, we adjust the pointer back in memory by the
769 size of the part not allocated, so it's as if we allocated the full
770 structure. (But things will all go boom if you write to the part that
771 is "not there", because you'll be overwriting the last members of the
772 preceding structure in memory.)
774 We calculate the correction using the STRUCT_OFFSET macro on the first
775 member present. If the allocated structure is smaller (no initial NV
776 actually allocated) then the net effect is to subtract the size of the NV
777 from the pointer, to return a new pointer as if an initial NV were actually
778 allocated. (We were using structures named *_allocated for this, but
779 this turned out to be a subtle bug, because a structure without an NV
780 could have a lower alignment constraint, but the compiler is allowed to
781 optimised accesses based on the alignment constraint of the actual pointer
782 to the full structure, for example, using a single 64 bit load instruction
783 because it "knows" that two adjacent 32 bit members will be 8-byte aligned.)
785 This is the same trick as was used for NV and IV bodies. Ironically it
786 doesn't need to be used for NV bodies any more, because NV is now at
787 the start of the structure. IV bodies don't need it either, because
788 they are no longer allocated.
790 In turn, the new_body_* allocators call S_new_body(), which invokes
791 new_body_inline macro, which takes a lock, and takes a body off the
792 linked list at PL_body_roots[sv_type], calling Perl_more_bodies() if
793 necessary to refresh an empty list. Then the lock is released, and
794 the body is returned.
796 Perl_more_bodies allocates a new arena, and carves it up into an array of N
797 bodies, which it strings into a linked list. It looks up arena-size
798 and body-size from the body_details table described below, thus
799 supporting the multiple body-types.
801 If PURIFY is defined, or PERL_ARENA_SIZE=0, arenas are not used, and
802 the (new|del)_X*V macros are mapped directly to malloc/free.
804 For each sv-type, struct body_details bodies_by_type[] carries
805 parameters which control these aspects of SV handling:
807 Arena_size determines whether arenas are used for this body type, and if
808 so, how big they are. PURIFY or PERL_ARENA_SIZE=0 set this field to
809 zero, forcing individual mallocs and frees.
811 Body_size determines how big a body is, and therefore how many fit into
812 each arena. Offset carries the body-pointer adjustment needed for
813 "ghost fields", and is used in *_allocated macros.
815 But its main purpose is to parameterize info needed in
816 Perl_sv_upgrade(). The info here dramatically simplifies the function
817 vs the implementation in 5.8.8, making it table-driven. All fields
818 are used for this, except for arena_size.
820 For the sv-types that have no bodies, arenas are not used, so those
821 PL_body_roots[sv_type] are unused, and can be overloaded. In
822 something of a special case, SVt_NULL is borrowed for HE arenas;
823 PL_body_roots[HE_SVSLOT=SVt_NULL] is filled by S_more_he, but the
824 bodies_by_type[SVt_NULL] slot is not used, as the table is not
829 struct body_details {
830 U8 body_size; /* Size to allocate */
831 U8 copy; /* Size of structure to copy (may be shorter) */
833 unsigned int type : 4; /* We have space for a sanity check. */
834 unsigned int cant_upgrade : 1; /* Cannot upgrade this type */
835 unsigned int zero_nv : 1; /* zero the NV when upgrading from this */
836 unsigned int arena : 1; /* Allocated from an arena */
837 size_t arena_size; /* Size of arena to allocate */
845 /* With -DPURFIY we allocate everything directly, and don't use arenas.
846 This seems a rather elegant way to simplify some of the code below. */
847 #define HASARENA FALSE
849 #define HASARENA TRUE
851 #define NOARENA FALSE
853 /* Size the arenas to exactly fit a given number of bodies. A count
854 of 0 fits the max number bodies into a PERL_ARENA_SIZE.block,
855 simplifying the default. If count > 0, the arena is sized to fit
856 only that many bodies, allowing arenas to be used for large, rare
857 bodies (XPVFM, XPVIO) without undue waste. The arena size is
858 limited by PERL_ARENA_SIZE, so we can safely oversize the
861 #define FIT_ARENA0(body_size) \
862 ((size_t)(PERL_ARENA_SIZE / body_size) * body_size)
863 #define FIT_ARENAn(count,body_size) \
864 ( count * body_size <= PERL_ARENA_SIZE) \
865 ? count * body_size \
866 : FIT_ARENA0 (body_size)
867 #define FIT_ARENA(count,body_size) \
869 ? FIT_ARENAn (count, body_size) \
870 : FIT_ARENA0 (body_size)
872 /* Calculate the length to copy. Specifically work out the length less any
873 final padding the compiler needed to add. See the comment in sv_upgrade
874 for why copying the padding proved to be a bug. */
876 #define copy_length(type, last_member) \
877 STRUCT_OFFSET(type, last_member) \
878 + sizeof (((type*)SvANY((const SV *)0))->last_member)
880 static const struct body_details bodies_by_type[] = {
881 /* HEs use this offset for their arena. */
882 { 0, 0, 0, SVt_NULL, FALSE, NONV, NOARENA, 0 },
884 /* The bind placeholder pretends to be an RV for now.
885 Also it's marked as "can't upgrade" to stop anyone using it before it's
887 { 0, 0, 0, SVt_BIND, TRUE, NONV, NOARENA, 0 },
889 /* IVs are in the head, so the allocation size is 0. */
891 sizeof(IV), /* This is used to copy out the IV body. */
892 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv), SVt_IV, FALSE, NONV,
893 NOARENA /* IVS don't need an arena */, 0
896 { sizeof(NV), sizeof(NV),
897 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVNV, xnv_u),
898 SVt_NV, FALSE, HADNV, HASARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(NV)) },
900 { sizeof(XPV) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
901 copy_length(XPV, xpv_len) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
902 + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
903 SVt_PV, FALSE, NONV, HASARENA,
904 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPV) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur)) },
906 { sizeof(XPVIV) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
907 copy_length(XPVIV, xiv_u) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
908 + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
909 SVt_PVIV, FALSE, NONV, HASARENA,
910 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVIV) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur)) },
912 { sizeof(XPVNV) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
913 copy_length(XPVNV, xnv_u) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
914 + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
915 SVt_PVNV, FALSE, HADNV, HASARENA,
916 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVNV) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur)) },
918 { sizeof(XPVMG), copy_length(XPVMG, xnv_u), 0, SVt_PVMG, FALSE, HADNV,
919 HASARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVMG)) },
924 SVt_REGEXP, FALSE, NONV, HASARENA,
925 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(regexp))
928 { sizeof(XPVGV), sizeof(XPVGV), 0, SVt_PVGV, TRUE, HADNV,
929 HASARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVGV)) },
931 { sizeof(XPVLV), sizeof(XPVLV), 0, SVt_PVLV, TRUE, HADNV,
932 HASARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVLV)) },
935 copy_length(XPVAV, xav_alloc),
937 SVt_PVAV, TRUE, NONV, HASARENA,
938 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVAV)) },
941 copy_length(XPVHV, xhv_max),
943 SVt_PVHV, TRUE, NONV, HASARENA,
944 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVHV)) },
949 SVt_PVCV, TRUE, NONV, HASARENA,
950 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVCV)) },
955 SVt_PVFM, TRUE, NONV, NOARENA,
956 FIT_ARENA(20, sizeof(XPVFM)) },
961 SVt_PVIO, TRUE, NONV, HASARENA,
962 FIT_ARENA(24, sizeof(XPVIO)) },
965 #define new_body_allocated(sv_type) \
966 (void *)((char *)S_new_body(aTHX_ sv_type) \
967 - bodies_by_type[sv_type].offset)
969 /* return a thing to the free list */
971 #define del_body(thing, root) \
973 void ** const thing_copy = (void **)thing; \
974 *thing_copy = *root; \
975 *root = (void*)thing_copy; \
980 #define new_XNV() safemalloc(sizeof(XPVNV))
981 #define new_XPVNV() safemalloc(sizeof(XPVNV))
982 #define new_XPVMG() safemalloc(sizeof(XPVMG))
984 #define del_XPVGV(p) safefree(p)
988 #define new_XNV() new_body_allocated(SVt_NV)
989 #define new_XPVNV() new_body_allocated(SVt_PVNV)
990 #define new_XPVMG() new_body_allocated(SVt_PVMG)
992 #define del_XPVGV(p) del_body(p + bodies_by_type[SVt_PVGV].offset, \
993 &PL_body_roots[SVt_PVGV])
997 /* no arena for you! */
999 #define new_NOARENA(details) \
1000 safemalloc((details)->body_size + (details)->offset)
1001 #define new_NOARENAZ(details) \
1002 safecalloc((details)->body_size + (details)->offset, 1)
1005 Perl_more_bodies (pTHX_ const svtype sv_type, const size_t body_size,
1006 const size_t arena_size)
1009 void ** const root = &PL_body_roots[sv_type];
1010 struct arena_desc *adesc;
1011 struct arena_set *aroot = (struct arena_set *) PL_body_arenas;
1015 const size_t good_arena_size = Perl_malloc_good_size(arena_size);
1016 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE)
1017 static bool done_sanity_check;
1019 /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE cannot coexist with global
1020 * variables like done_sanity_check. */
1021 if (!done_sanity_check) {
1022 unsigned int i = SVt_LAST;
1024 done_sanity_check = TRUE;
1027 assert (bodies_by_type[i].type == i);
1033 /* may need new arena-set to hold new arena */
1034 if (!aroot || aroot->curr >= aroot->set_size) {
1035 struct arena_set *newroot;
1036 Newxz(newroot, 1, struct arena_set);
1037 newroot->set_size = ARENAS_PER_SET;
1038 newroot->next = aroot;
1040 PL_body_arenas = (void *) newroot;
1041 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "new arenaset %p\n", (void*)aroot));
1044 /* ok, now have arena-set with at least 1 empty/available arena-desc */
1045 curr = aroot->curr++;
1046 adesc = &(aroot->set[curr]);
1047 assert(!adesc->arena);
1049 Newx(adesc->arena, good_arena_size, char);
1050 adesc->size = good_arena_size;
1051 adesc->utype = sv_type;
1052 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "arena %d added: %p size %"UVuf"\n",
1053 curr, (void*)adesc->arena, (UV)good_arena_size));
1055 start = (char *) adesc->arena;
1057 /* Get the address of the byte after the end of the last body we can fit.
1058 Remember, this is integer division: */
1059 end = start + good_arena_size / body_size * body_size;
1061 /* computed count doesn't reflect the 1st slot reservation */
1062 #if defined(MYMALLOC) || defined(HAS_MALLOC_GOOD_SIZE)
1063 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1064 "arena %p end %p arena-size %d (from %d) type %d "
1066 (void*)start, (void*)end, (int)good_arena_size,
1067 (int)arena_size, sv_type, (int)body_size,
1068 (int)good_arena_size / (int)body_size));
1070 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1071 "arena %p end %p arena-size %d type %d size %d ct %d\n",
1072 (void*)start, (void*)end,
1073 (int)arena_size, sv_type, (int)body_size,
1074 (int)good_arena_size / (int)body_size));
1076 *root = (void *)start;
1079 /* Where the next body would start: */
1080 char * const next = start + body_size;
1083 /* This is the last body: */
1084 assert(next == end);
1086 *(void **)start = 0;
1090 *(void**) start = (void *)next;
1095 /* grab a new thing from the free list, allocating more if necessary.
1096 The inline version is used for speed in hot routines, and the
1097 function using it serves the rest (unless PURIFY).
1099 #define new_body_inline(xpv, sv_type) \
1101 void ** const r3wt = &PL_body_roots[sv_type]; \
1102 xpv = (PTR_TBL_ENT_t*) (*((void **)(r3wt)) \
1103 ? *((void **)(r3wt)) : Perl_more_bodies(aTHX_ sv_type, \
1104 bodies_by_type[sv_type].body_size,\
1105 bodies_by_type[sv_type].arena_size)); \
1106 *(r3wt) = *(void**)(xpv); \
1112 S_new_body(pTHX_ const svtype sv_type)
1116 new_body_inline(xpv, sv_type);
1122 static const struct body_details fake_rv =
1123 { 0, 0, 0, SVt_IV, FALSE, NONV, NOARENA, 0 };
1126 =for apidoc sv_upgrade
1128 Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the
1129 SV, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body.
1130 It croaks if the SV is already in a more complex form than requested. You
1131 generally want to use the C<SvUPGRADE> macro wrapper, which checks the type
1132 before calling C<sv_upgrade>, and hence does not croak. See also
1139 Perl_sv_upgrade(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, svtype new_type)
1144 const svtype old_type = SvTYPE(sv);
1145 const struct body_details *new_type_details;
1146 const struct body_details *old_type_details
1147 = bodies_by_type + old_type;
1148 SV *referant = NULL;
1150 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UPGRADE;
1152 if (old_type == new_type)
1155 /* This clause was purposefully added ahead of the early return above to
1156 the shared string hackery for (sort {$a <=> $b} keys %hash), with the
1157 inference by Nick I-S that it would fix other troublesome cases. See
1158 changes 7162, 7163 (f130fd4589cf5fbb24149cd4db4137c8326f49c1 and parent)
1160 Given that shared hash key scalars are no longer PVIV, but PV, there is
1161 no longer need to unshare so as to free up the IVX slot for its proper
1162 purpose. So it's safe to move the early return earlier. */
1164 if (new_type != SVt_PV && SvIsCOW(sv)) {
1165 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
1168 old_body = SvANY(sv);
1170 /* Copying structures onto other structures that have been neatly zeroed
1171 has a subtle gotcha. Consider XPVMG
1173 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
1174 | NV | CUR | LEN | IV | MAGIC | STASH |
1175 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
1176 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
1178 where NVs are aligned to 8 bytes, so that sizeof that structure is
1179 actually 32 bytes long, with 4 bytes of padding at the end:
1181 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------+
1182 | NV | CUR | LEN | IV | MAGIC | STASH | ??? |
1183 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------+
1184 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
1186 so what happens if you allocate memory for this structure:
1188 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------+------+...
1189 | NV | CUR | LEN | IV | MAGIC | STASH | GP | NAME |
1190 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------+------+...
1191 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
1193 zero it, then copy sizeof(XPVMG) bytes on top of it? Not quite what you
1194 expect, because you copy the area marked ??? onto GP. Now, ??? may have
1195 started out as zero once, but it's quite possible that it isn't. So now,
1196 rather than a nicely zeroed GP, you have it pointing somewhere random.
1199 (In fact, GP ends up pointing at a previous GP structure, because the
1200 principle cause of the padding in XPVMG getting garbage is a copy of
1201 sizeof(XPVMG) bytes from a XPVGV structure in sv_unglob. Right now
1202 this happens to be moot because XPVGV has been re-ordered, with GP
1203 no longer after STASH)
1205 So we are careful and work out the size of used parts of all the
1213 referant = SvRV(sv);
1214 old_type_details = &fake_rv;
1215 if (new_type == SVt_NV)
1216 new_type = SVt_PVNV;
1218 if (new_type < SVt_PVIV) {
1219 new_type = (new_type == SVt_NV)
1220 ? SVt_PVNV : SVt_PVIV;
1225 if (new_type < SVt_PVNV) {
1226 new_type = SVt_PVNV;
1230 assert(new_type > SVt_PV);
1231 assert(SVt_IV < SVt_PV);
1232 assert(SVt_NV < SVt_PV);
1239 /* Because the XPVMG of PL_mess_sv isn't allocated from the arena,
1240 there's no way that it can be safely upgraded, because perl.c
1241 expects to Safefree(SvANY(PL_mess_sv)) */
1242 assert(sv != PL_mess_sv);
1243 /* This flag bit is used to mean other things in other scalar types.
1244 Given that it only has meaning inside the pad, it shouldn't be set
1245 on anything that can get upgraded. */
1246 assert(!SvPAD_TYPED(sv));
1249 if (old_type_details->cant_upgrade)
1250 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't upgrade %s (%" UVuf ") to %" UVuf,
1251 sv_reftype(sv, 0), (UV) old_type, (UV) new_type);
1254 if (old_type > new_type)
1255 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d",
1256 (int)old_type, (int)new_type);
1258 new_type_details = bodies_by_type + new_type;
1260 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVTYPEMASK;
1261 SvFLAGS(sv) |= new_type;
1263 /* This can't happen, as SVt_NULL is <= all values of new_type, so one of
1264 the return statements above will have triggered. */
1265 assert (new_type != SVt_NULL);
1268 assert(old_type == SVt_NULL);
1269 SvANY(sv) = (XPVIV*)((char*)&(sv->sv_u.svu_iv) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
1273 assert(old_type == SVt_NULL);
1274 SvANY(sv) = new_XNV();
1279 assert(new_type_details->body_size);
1282 assert(new_type_details->arena);
1283 assert(new_type_details->arena_size);
1284 /* This points to the start of the allocated area. */
1285 new_body_inline(new_body, new_type);
1286 Zero(new_body, new_type_details->body_size, char);
1287 new_body = ((char *)new_body) - new_type_details->offset;
1289 /* We always allocated the full length item with PURIFY. To do this
1290 we fake things so that arena is false for all 16 types.. */
1291 new_body = new_NOARENAZ(new_type_details);
1293 SvANY(sv) = new_body;
1294 if (new_type == SVt_PVAV) {
1298 if (old_type_details->body_size) {
1301 /* It will have been zeroed when the new body was allocated.
1302 Lets not write to it, in case it confuses a write-back
1308 #ifndef NODEFAULT_SHAREKEYS
1309 HvSHAREKEYS_on(sv); /* key-sharing on by default */
1311 HvMAX(sv) = 7; /* (start with 8 buckets) */
1314 /* SVt_NULL isn't the only thing upgraded to AV or HV.
1315 The target created by newSVrv also is, and it can have magic.
1316 However, it never has SvPVX set.
1318 if (old_type == SVt_IV) {
1320 } else if (old_type >= SVt_PV) {
1321 assert(SvPVX_const(sv) == 0);
1324 if (old_type >= SVt_PVMG) {
1325 SvMAGIC_set(sv, ((XPVMG*)old_body)->xmg_u.xmg_magic);
1326 SvSTASH_set(sv, ((XPVMG*)old_body)->xmg_stash);
1328 sv->sv_u.svu_array = NULL; /* or svu_hash */
1334 /* This ensures that SvTHINKFIRST(sv) is true, and hence that
1335 sv_force_normal_flags(sv) is called. */
1338 /* XXX Is this still needed? Was it ever needed? Surely as there is
1339 no route from NV to PVIV, NOK can never be true */
1340 assert(!SvNOKp(sv));
1351 assert(new_type_details->body_size);
1352 /* We always allocated the full length item with PURIFY. To do this
1353 we fake things so that arena is false for all 16 types.. */
1354 if(new_type_details->arena) {
1355 /* This points to the start of the allocated area. */
1356 new_body_inline(new_body, new_type);
1357 Zero(new_body, new_type_details->body_size, char);
1358 new_body = ((char *)new_body) - new_type_details->offset;
1360 new_body = new_NOARENAZ(new_type_details);
1362 SvANY(sv) = new_body;
1364 if (old_type_details->copy) {
1365 /* There is now the potential for an upgrade from something without
1366 an offset (PVNV or PVMG) to something with one (PVCV, PVFM) */
1367 int offset = old_type_details->offset;
1368 int length = old_type_details->copy;
1370 if (new_type_details->offset > old_type_details->offset) {
1371 const int difference
1372 = new_type_details->offset - old_type_details->offset;
1373 offset += difference;
1374 length -= difference;
1376 assert (length >= 0);
1378 Copy((char *)old_body + offset, (char *)new_body + offset, length,
1382 #ifndef NV_ZERO_IS_ALLBITS_ZERO
1383 /* If NV 0.0 is stores as all bits 0 then Zero() already creates a
1384 * correct 0.0 for us. Otherwise, if the old body didn't have an
1385 * NV slot, but the new one does, then we need to initialise the
1386 * freshly created NV slot with whatever the correct bit pattern is
1388 if (old_type_details->zero_nv && !new_type_details->zero_nv
1389 && !isGV_with_GP(sv))
1393 if (new_type == SVt_PVIO) {
1394 IO * const io = MUTABLE_IO(sv);
1395 GV *iogv = gv_fetchpvs("IO::File::", GV_ADD, SVt_PVHV);
1398 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a package
1400 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1402 SvSTASH_set(io, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv))));
1403 IoPAGE_LEN(sv) = 60;
1405 if (old_type < SVt_PV) {
1406 /* referant will be NULL unless the old type was SVt_IV emulating
1408 sv->sv_u.svu_rv = referant;
1412 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_upgrade to unknown type %lu",
1413 (unsigned long)new_type);
1416 if (old_type > SVt_IV) {
1420 /* Note that there is an assumption that all bodies of types that
1421 can be upgraded came from arenas. Only the more complex non-
1422 upgradable types are allowed to be directly malloc()ed. */
1423 assert(old_type_details->arena);
1424 del_body((void*)((char*)old_body + old_type_details->offset),
1425 &PL_body_roots[old_type]);
1431 =for apidoc sv_backoff
1433 Remove any string offset. You should normally use the C<SvOOK_off> macro
1440 Perl_sv_backoff(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
1443 const char * const s = SvPVX_const(sv);
1445 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_BACKOFF;
1446 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1449 assert(SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVHV);
1450 assert(SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVAV);
1452 SvOOK_offset(sv, delta);
1454 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv) + delta);
1455 SvPV_set(sv, SvPVX(sv) - delta);
1456 Move(s, SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv)+1, char);
1457 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVf_OOK;
1464 Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses C<sv_unref> and
1465 upgrades the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
1466 Use the C<SvGROW> wrapper instead.
1472 Perl_sv_grow(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register STRLEN newlen)
1476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_GROW;
1478 if (PL_madskills && newlen >= 0x100000) {
1479 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1480 "Allocation too large: %"UVxf"\n", (UV)newlen);
1482 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
1483 if (newlen >= 0x10000) {
1484 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1485 "Allocation too large: %"UVxf"\n", (UV)newlen);
1488 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
1491 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PV) {
1492 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
1493 s = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1495 else if (SvOOK(sv)) { /* pv is offset? */
1497 s = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1498 if (newlen > SvLEN(sv))
1499 newlen += 10 * (newlen - SvCUR(sv)); /* avoid copy each time */
1500 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
1501 if (newlen >= 0x10000)
1506 s = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1508 if (newlen > SvLEN(sv)) { /* need more room? */
1509 STRLEN minlen = SvCUR(sv);
1510 minlen += (minlen >> PERL_STRLEN_EXPAND_SHIFT) + 10;
1511 if (newlen < minlen)
1513 #ifndef Perl_safesysmalloc_size
1514 newlen = PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(newlen);
1516 if (SvLEN(sv) && s) {
1517 s = (char*)saferealloc(s, newlen);
1520 s = (char*)safemalloc(newlen);
1521 if (SvPVX_const(sv) && SvCUR(sv)) {
1522 Move(SvPVX_const(sv), s, (newlen < SvCUR(sv)) ? newlen : SvCUR(sv), char);
1526 #ifdef Perl_safesysmalloc_size
1527 /* Do this here, do it once, do it right, and then we will never get
1528 called back into sv_grow() unless there really is some growing
1530 SvLEN_set(sv, Perl_safesysmalloc_size(s));
1532 SvLEN_set(sv, newlen);
1539 =for apidoc sv_setiv
1541 Copies an integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
1542 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setiv_mg>.
1548 Perl_sv_setiv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const IV i)
1552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETIV;
1554 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
1555 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1558 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
1561 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
1565 if (!isGV_with_GP(sv))
1572 /* diag_listed_as: Can't coerce %s to %s in %s */
1573 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to integer in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
1577 (void)SvIOK_only(sv); /* validate number */
1583 =for apidoc sv_setiv_mg
1585 Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
1591 Perl_sv_setiv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const IV i)
1593 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETIV_MG;
1600 =for apidoc sv_setuv
1602 Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
1603 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setuv_mg>.
1609 Perl_sv_setuv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const UV u)
1611 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETUV;
1613 /* With the if statement to ensure that integers are stored as IVs whenever
1615 u=1.49 s=0.52 cu=72.49 cs=10.64 scripts=270 tests=20865
1618 u=1.35 s=0.47 cu=73.45 cs=11.43 scripts=270 tests=20865
1620 If you wish to remove the following if statement, so that this routine
1621 (and its callers) always return UVs, please benchmark to see what the
1622 effect is. Modern CPUs may be different. Or may not :-)
1624 if (u <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
1625 sv_setiv(sv, (IV)u);
1634 =for apidoc sv_setuv_mg
1636 Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
1642 Perl_sv_setuv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const UV u)
1644 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETUV_MG;
1651 =for apidoc sv_setnv
1653 Copies a double into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
1654 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setnv_mg>.
1660 Perl_sv_setnv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const NV num)
1664 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETNV;
1666 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
1667 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1670 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
1674 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1678 if (!isGV_with_GP(sv))
1685 /* diag_listed_as: Can't coerce %s to %s in %s */
1686 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to number in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
1691 (void)SvNOK_only(sv); /* validate number */
1696 =for apidoc sv_setnv_mg
1698 Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
1704 Perl_sv_setnv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const NV num)
1706 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETNV_MG;
1712 /* Print an "isn't numeric" warning, using a cleaned-up,
1713 * printable version of the offending string
1717 S_not_a_number(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
1724 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NOT_A_NUMBER;
1727 dsv = newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
1728 pv = sv_uni_display(dsv, sv, 10, UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT);
1731 const char * const limit = tmpbuf + sizeof(tmpbuf) - 8;
1732 /* each *s can expand to 4 chars + "...\0",
1733 i.e. need room for 8 chars */
1735 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
1736 const char * const end = s + SvCUR(sv);
1737 for ( ; s < end && d < limit; s++ ) {
1739 if (ch & 128 && !isPRINT_LC(ch)) {
1748 else if (ch == '\r') {
1752 else if (ch == '\f') {
1756 else if (ch == '\\') {
1760 else if (ch == '\0') {
1764 else if (isPRINT_LC(ch))
1781 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NUMERIC),
1782 /* diag_listed_as: Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s */
1783 "Argument \"%s\" isn't numeric in %s", pv,
1786 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NUMERIC),
1787 /* diag_listed_as: Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s */
1788 "Argument \"%s\" isn't numeric", pv);
1792 =for apidoc looks_like_number
1794 Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
1795 C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
1796 non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them. Get-magic is
1803 Perl_looks_like_number(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
1805 register const char *sbegin;
1808 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOOKS_LIKE_NUMBER;
1810 if (SvPOK(sv) || SvPOKp(sv)) {
1811 sbegin = SvPV_nomg_const(sv, len);
1814 return SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVf_NOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_IOK|SVp_IOK);
1815 return grok_number(sbegin, len, NULL);
1819 S_glob_2number(pTHX_ GV * const gv)
1821 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GLOB_2NUMBER;
1823 /* We know that all GVs stringify to something that is not-a-number,
1824 so no need to test that. */
1825 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
1827 SV *const buffer = sv_newmortal();
1828 gv_efullname3(buffer, gv, "*");
1829 not_a_number(buffer);
1831 /* We just want something true to return, so that S_sv_2iuv_common
1832 can tail call us and return true. */
1836 /* Actually, ISO C leaves conversion of UV to IV undefined, but
1837 until proven guilty, assume that things are not that bad... */
1842 As 64 bit platforms often have an NV that doesn't preserve all bits of
1843 an IV (an assumption perl has been based on to date) it becomes necessary
1844 to remove the assumption that the NV always carries enough precision to
1845 recreate the IV whenever needed, and that the NV is the canonical form.
1846 Instead, IV/UV and NV need to be given equal rights. So as to not lose
1847 precision as a side effect of conversion (which would lead to insanity
1848 and the dragon(s) in t/op/numconvert.t getting very angry) the intent is
1849 1) to distinguish between IV/UV/NV slots that have cached a valid
1850 conversion where precision was lost and IV/UV/NV slots that have a
1851 valid conversion which has lost no precision
1852 2) to ensure that if a numeric conversion to one form is requested that
1853 would lose precision, the precise conversion (or differently
1854 imprecise conversion) is also performed and cached, to prevent
1855 requests for different numeric formats on the same SV causing
1856 lossy conversion chains. (lossless conversion chains are perfectly
1861 SvIOKp is true if the IV slot contains a valid value
1862 SvIOK is true only if the IV value is accurate (UV if SvIOK_UV true)
1863 SvNOKp is true if the NV slot contains a valid value
1864 SvNOK is true only if the NV value is accurate
1867 while converting from PV to NV, check to see if converting that NV to an
1868 IV(or UV) would lose accuracy over a direct conversion from PV to
1869 IV(or UV). If it would, cache both conversions, return NV, but mark
1870 SV as IOK NOKp (ie not NOK).
1872 While converting from PV to IV, check to see if converting that IV to an
1873 NV would lose accuracy over a direct conversion from PV to NV. If it
1874 would, cache both conversions, flag similarly.
1876 Before, the SV value "3.2" could become NV=3.2 IV=3 NOK, IOK quite
1877 correctly because if IV & NV were set NV *always* overruled.
1878 Now, "3.2" will become NV=3.2 IV=3 NOK, IOKp, because the flag's meaning
1879 changes - now IV and NV together means that the two are interchangeable:
1880 SvIVX == (IV) SvNVX && SvNVX == (NV) SvIVX;
1882 The benefit of this is that operations such as pp_add know that if
1883 SvIOK is true for both left and right operands, then integer addition
1884 can be used instead of floating point (for cases where the result won't
1885 overflow). Before, floating point was always used, which could lead to
1886 loss of precision compared with integer addition.
1888 * making IV and NV equal status should make maths accurate on 64 bit
1890 * may speed up maths somewhat if pp_add and friends start to use
1891 integers when possible instead of fp. (Hopefully the overhead in
1892 looking for SvIOK and checking for overflow will not outweigh the
1893 fp to integer speedup)
1894 * will slow down integer operations (callers of SvIV) on "inaccurate"
1895 values, as the change from SvIOK to SvIOKp will cause a call into
1896 sv_2iv each time rather than a macro access direct to the IV slot
1897 * should speed up number->string conversion on integers as IV is
1898 favoured when IV and NV are equally accurate
1900 ####################################################################
1901 You had better be using SvIOK_notUV if you want an IV for arithmetic:
1902 SvIOK is true if (IV or UV), so you might be getting (IV)SvUV.
1903 On the other hand, SvUOK is true iff UV.
1904 ####################################################################
1906 Your mileage will vary depending your CPU's relative fp to integer
1910 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1911 # define IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_IV 1
1912 # define IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_UV 2
1913 # define IS_NUMBER_IV_AND_UV 2
1914 # define IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV 4
1915 # define IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV 5
1917 /* sv_2iuv_non_preserve(): private routine for use by sv_2iv() and sv_2uv() */
1919 /* For sv_2nv these three cases are "SvNOK and don't bother casting" */
1921 S_sv_2iuv_non_preserve(pTHX_ register SV *const sv
1929 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2IUV_NON_PRESERVE;
1931 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_2iuv_non '%s', IV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"NVgf" inttype=%"UVXf"\n", SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv), (UV)numtype));
1932 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MIN) {
1933 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
1935 SvIV_set(sv, IV_MIN);
1936 return IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_IV;
1938 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
1939 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
1942 SvUV_set(sv, UV_MAX);
1943 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV;
1945 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
1947 /* Can't use strtol etc to convert this string. (See truth table in
1949 if (SvNVX(sv) <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
1950 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
1951 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
1952 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Integer is precise. NOK, IOK */
1954 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
1956 return SvNVX(sv) < 0 ? IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_UV : IS_NUMBER_IV_AND_UV;
1959 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
1960 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
1961 if (SvUVX(sv) == UV_MAX) {
1962 /* As we know that NVs don't preserve UVs, UV_MAX cannot
1963 possibly be preserved by NV. Hence, it must be overflow.
1965 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV;
1967 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Integer is precise. NOK, UOK */
1969 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
1971 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV;
1973 #endif /* !NV_PRESERVES_UV*/
1976 S_sv_2iuv_common(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
1980 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2IUV_COMMON;
1983 /* erm. not sure. *should* never get NOKp (without NOK) from sv_2nv
1984 * without also getting a cached IV/UV from it at the same time
1985 * (ie PV->NV conversion should detect loss of accuracy and cache
1986 * IV or UV at same time to avoid this. */
1987 /* IV-over-UV optimisation - choose to cache IV if possible */
1989 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_NV)
1990 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1992 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv); /* Must do this first, to clear any SvOOK */
1993 /* < not <= as for NV doesn't preserve UV, ((NV)IV_MAX+1) will almost
1994 certainly cast into the IV range at IV_MAX, whereas the correct
1995 answer is the UV IV_MAX +1. Hence < ensures that dodgy boundary
1997 #if defined(NAN_COMPARE_BROKEN) && defined(Perl_isnan)
1998 if (Perl_isnan(SvNVX(sv))) {
2004 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2005 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2006 if (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvIVX(sv)
2007 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2008 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2009 (UV)(SvIVX(sv) > 0 ? SvIVX(sv) : -SvIVX(sv)))
2010 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2011 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2012 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2016 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Can this go wrong with rounding? NWC */
2018 /* scalar has trailing garbage, eg "42a" */
2020 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2021 "0x%"UVxf" iv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (precise)\n",
2027 /* IV not precise. No need to convert from PV, as NV
2028 conversion would already have cached IV if it detected
2029 that PV->IV would be better than PV->NV->IV
2030 flags already correct - don't set public IOK. */
2031 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2032 "0x%"UVxf" iv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (imprecise)\n",
2037 /* Can the above go wrong if SvIVX == IV_MIN and SvNVX < IV_MIN,
2038 but the cast (NV)IV_MIN rounds to a the value less (more
2039 negative) than IV_MIN which happens to be equal to SvNVX ??
2040 Analogous to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF rounding up to NV (2**64) and
2041 NV rounding back to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, so UVX == UV(NVX) and
2042 (NV)UVX == NVX are both true, but the values differ. :-(
2043 Hopefully for 2s complement IV_MIN is something like
2044 0x8000000000000000 which will be exact. NWC */
2047 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2049 (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvUVX(sv))
2050 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2051 /* Make sure it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
2052 /*&& (SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) irrelevant with code below */
2053 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) > SvUVX(sv))
2054 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2055 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2056 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2062 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2063 "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"UVuf" => %"IVdf") (as unsigned)\n",
2069 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2071 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2072 /* We want to avoid a possible problem when we cache an IV/ a UV which
2073 may be later translated to an NV, and the resulting NV is not
2074 the same as the direct translation of the initial string
2075 (eg 123.456 can shortcut to the IV 123 with atol(), but we must
2076 be careful to ensure that the value with the .456 is around if the
2077 NV value is requested in the future).
2079 This means that if we cache such an IV/a UV, we need to cache the
2080 NV as well. Moreover, we trade speed for space, and do not
2081 cache the NV if we are sure it's not needed.
2084 /* SVt_PVNV is one higher than SVt_PVIV, hence this order */
2085 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2086 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2087 /* It's definitely an integer, only upgrade to PVIV */
2088 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
2089 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
2091 } else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2092 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2094 /* If NVs preserve UVs then we only use the UV value if we know that
2095 we aren't going to call atof() below. If NVs don't preserve UVs
2096 then the value returned may have more precision than atof() will
2097 return, even though value isn't perfectly accurate. */
2098 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
2099 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2102 )) == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2103 /* This won't turn off the public IOK flag if it was set above */
2104 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2106 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG)) {
2108 if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2109 SvIV_set(sv, (IV)value);
2111 /* it didn't overflow, and it was positive. */
2112 SvUV_set(sv, value);
2116 /* 2s complement assumption */
2117 if (value <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
2118 SvIV_set(sv, -(IV)value);
2120 /* Too negative for an IV. This is a double upgrade, but
2121 I'm assuming it will be rare. */
2122 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2123 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2127 SvNV_set(sv, -(NV)value);
2128 SvIV_set(sv, IV_MIN);
2132 /* For !NV_PRESERVES_UV and IS_NUMBER_IN_UV and IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT we
2133 will be in the previous block to set the IV slot, and the next
2134 block to set the NV slot. So no else here. */
2136 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2137 != IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2138 /* It wasn't an (integer that doesn't overflow the UV). */
2139 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2141 if (! numtype && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2144 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2145 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2146 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2148 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"NVgf")\n",
2149 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2152 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2153 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2155 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2156 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2157 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2160 NOOP; /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
2162 /* UV will not work better than IV */
2164 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
2166 /* Integer is inaccurate. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2167 SvUV_set(sv, UV_MAX);
2169 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2170 /* 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF not an issue in here, NVs
2171 NV preservse UV so can do correct comparison. */
2172 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2175 NOOP; /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2180 #else /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2181 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2182 == (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT)) {
2183 /* The IV/UV slot will have been set from value returned by
2184 grok_number above. The NV slot has just been set using
2187 assert (SvIOKp(sv));
2189 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2190 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
2191 /* Small enough to preserve all bits. */
2192 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2194 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2195 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv))
2197 /* Assumption: first non-preserved integer is < IV_MAX,
2198 this NV is in the preserved range, therefore: */
2199 if (!(U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))
2201 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sv_2iv assumed (U_V(fabs((double)SvNVX(sv))) < (UV)IV_MAX) but SvNVX(sv)=%"NVgf" U_V is 0x%"UVxf", IV_MAX is 0x%"UVxf"\n", SvNVX(sv), U_V(SvNVX(sv)), (UV)IV_MAX);
2205 0 0 already failed to read UV.
2206 0 1 already failed to read UV.
2207 1 0 you won't get here in this case. IV/UV
2208 slot set, public IOK, Atof() unneeded.
2209 1 1 already read UV.
2210 so there's no point in sv_2iuv_non_preserve() attempting
2211 to use atol, strtol, strtoul etc. */
2213 sv_2iuv_non_preserve (sv, numtype);
2215 sv_2iuv_non_preserve (sv);
2219 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2220 /* It might be more code efficient to go through the entire logic above
2221 and conditionally set with SvIOKp_on() rather than SvIOK(), but it
2222 gets complex and potentially buggy, so more programmer efficient
2223 to do it this way, by turning off the public flags: */
2225 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK);
2229 if (isGV_with_GP(sv))
2230 return glob_2number(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
2232 if (!SvPADTMP(sv)) {
2233 if (!PL_localizing && ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2236 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_IV)
2237 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
2238 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
2239 /* Return 0 from the caller. */
2246 =for apidoc sv_2iv_flags
2248 Return the integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
2249 conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
2250 Normally used via the C<SvIV(sv)> and C<SvIVx(sv)> macros.
2256 Perl_sv_2iv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const I32 flags)
2261 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv) || SvVALID(sv)) {
2262 /* FBMs use the space for SvIVX and SvNVX for other purposes, and use
2263 the same flag bit as SVf_IVisUV, so must not let them cache IVs.
2264 In practice they are extremely unlikely to actually get anywhere
2265 accessible by user Perl code - the only way that I'm aware of is when
2266 a constant subroutine which is used as the second argument to index.
2268 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2273 return I_V(SvNVX(sv));
2275 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2278 = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2280 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2281 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2282 /* It's definitely an integer */
2283 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) {
2284 if (value < (UV)IV_MIN)
2287 if (value < (UV)IV_MAX)
2292 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2295 return I_V(Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2300 assert(SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG);
2301 /* This falls through to the report_uninit inside S_sv_2iuv_common. */
2302 } else if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2307 if (flags & SV_SKIP_OVERLOAD)
2309 tmpstr = AMG_CALLunary(sv, numer_amg);
2310 if (tmpstr && (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv)))) {
2311 return SvIV(tmpstr);
2314 return PTR2IV(SvRV(sv));
2317 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
2319 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2320 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2326 if (S_sv_2iuv_common(aTHX_ sv))
2329 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"IVdf")\n",
2330 PTR2UV(sv),SvIVX(sv)));
2331 return SvIsUV(sv) ? (IV)SvUVX(sv) : SvIVX(sv);
2335 =for apidoc sv_2uv_flags
2337 Return the unsigned integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
2338 conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
2339 Normally used via the C<SvUV(sv)> and C<SvUVx(sv)> macros.
2345 Perl_sv_2uv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const I32 flags)
2350 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv) || SvVALID(sv)) {
2351 /* FBMs use the space for SvIVX and SvNVX for other purposes, and use
2352 the same flag bit as SVf_IVisUV, so must not let them cache IVs. */
2353 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2358 return U_V(SvNVX(sv));
2359 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2362 = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2364 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2365 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2366 /* It's definitely an integer */
2367 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG))
2371 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2374 return U_V(Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2379 assert(SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG);
2380 /* This falls through to the report_uninit inside S_sv_2iuv_common. */
2381 } else if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2386 if (flags & SV_SKIP_OVERLOAD)
2388 tmpstr = AMG_CALLunary(sv, numer_amg);
2389 if (tmpstr && (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv)))) {
2390 return SvUV(tmpstr);
2393 return PTR2UV(SvRV(sv));
2396 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
2398 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2399 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2405 if (S_sv_2iuv_common(aTHX_ sv))
2409 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%"UVuf")\n",
2410 PTR2UV(sv),SvUVX(sv)));
2411 return SvIsUV(sv) ? SvUVX(sv) : (UV)SvIVX(sv);
2415 =for apidoc sv_2nv_flags
2417 Return the num value of an SV, doing any necessary string or integer
2418 conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
2419 Normally used via the C<SvNV(sv)> and C<SvNVx(sv)> macros.
2425 Perl_sv_2nv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const I32 flags)
2430 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv) || SvVALID(sv)) {
2431 /* FBMs use the space for SvIVX and SvNVX for other purposes, and use
2432 the same flag bit as SVf_IVisUV, so must not let them cache NVs. */
2433 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2437 if ((SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) && !SvIOKp(sv)) {
2438 if (!SvIOKp(sv) && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC) &&
2439 !grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), NULL))
2441 return Atof(SvPVX_const(sv));
2445 return (NV)SvUVX(sv);
2447 return (NV)SvIVX(sv);
2452 assert(SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG);
2453 /* This falls through to the report_uninit near the end of the
2455 } else if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2460 if (flags & SV_SKIP_OVERLOAD)
2462 tmpstr = AMG_CALLunary(sv, numer_amg);
2463 if (tmpstr && (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv)))) {
2464 return SvNV(tmpstr);
2467 return PTR2NV(SvRV(sv));
2470 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
2472 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2473 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2478 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_NV) {
2479 /* The logic to use SVt_PVNV if necessary is in sv_upgrade. */
2480 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
2481 #ifdef USE_LONG_DOUBLE
2483 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2484 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2485 "0x%"UVxf" num(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2486 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2487 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2491 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2492 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" num(%"NVgf")\n",
2493 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2494 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2498 else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2499 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2504 SvNV_set(sv, SvIsUV(sv) ? (NV)SvUVX(sv) : (NV)SvIVX(sv));
2505 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2511 /* Only set the public NV OK flag if this NV preserves the IV */
2512 /* Check it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
2514 SvIsUV(sv) ? ((SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX)&&(SvUVX(sv) == U_V(SvNVX(sv))))
2515 : (SvIVX(sv) == I_V(SvNVX(sv))))
2521 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2523 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2524 if (!SvIOKp(sv) && !numtype && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2526 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2527 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2528 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2529 /* It's definitely an integer */
2530 SvNV_set(sv, (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) ? -(NV)value : (NV)value);
2532 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2538 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2539 /* Only set the public NV OK flag if this NV preserves the value in
2540 the PV at least as well as an IV/UV would.
2541 Not sure how to do this 100% reliably. */
2542 /* if that shift count is out of range then Configure's test is
2543 wonky. We shouldn't be in here with NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS ==
2545 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2546 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
2547 SvNOK_on(sv); /* Definitely small enough to preserve all bits */
2548 } else if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_IN_UV)) {
2549 /* Can't use strtol etc to convert this string, so don't try.
2550 sv_2iv and sv_2uv will use the NV to convert, not the PV. */
2553 /* value has been set. It may not be precise. */
2554 if ((numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) && (value > (UV)IV_MIN)) {
2555 /* 2s complement assumption for (UV)IV_MIN */
2556 SvNOK_on(sv); /* Integer is too negative. */
2561 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) {
2562 SvIV_set(sv, -(IV)value);
2563 } else if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2564 SvIV_set(sv, (IV)value);
2566 SvUV_set(sv, value);
2570 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT) {
2571 /* I believe that even if the original PV had decimals,
2572 they are lost beyond the limit of the FP precision.
2573 However, neither is canonical, so both only get p
2574 flags. NWC, 2000/11/25 */
2575 /* Both already have p flags, so do nothing */
2577 const NV nv = SvNVX(sv);
2578 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2579 if (SvIVX(sv) == I_V(nv)) {
2582 /* It had no "." so it must be integer. */
2586 /* between IV_MAX and NV(UV_MAX).
2587 Could be slightly > UV_MAX */
2589 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT) {
2590 /* UV and NV both imprecise. */
2592 const UV nv_as_uv = U_V(nv);
2594 if (value == nv_as_uv && SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) {
2603 /* It might be more code efficient to go through the entire logic above
2604 and conditionally set with SvNOKp_on() rather than SvNOK(), but it
2605 gets complex and potentially buggy, so more programmer efficient
2606 to do it this way, by turning off the public flags: */
2608 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK);
2609 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2612 if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
2613 glob_2number(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
2617 if (!PL_localizing && !SvPADTMP(sv) && ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2619 assert (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_NV);
2620 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
2621 /* XXX Ilya implies that this is a bug in callers that assume this
2622 and ideally should be fixed. */
2625 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2627 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2628 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2nv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2629 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2630 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2634 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2635 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 1nv(%"NVgf")\n",
2636 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2637 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2646 Return an SV with the numeric value of the source SV, doing any necessary
2647 reference or overload conversion. You must use the C<SvNUM(sv)> macro to
2648 access this function.
2654 Perl_sv_2num(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
2656 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2NUM;
2661 SV * const tmpsv = AMG_CALLunary(sv, numer_amg);
2662 TAINT_IF(tmpsv && SvTAINTED(tmpsv));
2663 if (tmpsv && (!SvROK(tmpsv) || (SvRV(tmpsv) != SvRV(sv))))
2664 return sv_2num(tmpsv);
2666 return sv_2mortal(newSVuv(PTR2UV(SvRV(sv))));
2669 /* uiv_2buf(): private routine for use by sv_2pv_flags(): print an IV or
2670 * UV as a string towards the end of buf, and return pointers to start and
2673 * We assume that buf is at least TYPE_CHARS(UV) long.
2677 S_uiv_2buf(char *const buf, const IV iv, UV uv, const int is_uv, char **const peob)
2679 char *ptr = buf + TYPE_CHARS(UV);
2680 char * const ebuf = ptr;
2683 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UIV_2BUF;
2695 *--ptr = '0' + (char)(uv % 10);
2704 =for apidoc sv_2pv_flags
2706 Returns a pointer to the string value of an SV, and sets *lp to its length.
2707 If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first. Coerces sv to a
2708 string if necessary. Normally invoked via the C<SvPV_flags> macro.
2709 C<sv_2pv()> and C<sv_2pv_nomg> usually end up here too.
2715 Perl_sv_2pv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp, const I32 flags)
2725 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
2726 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2731 if (flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)
2732 return SvPVX_mutable(sv);
2733 if (flags & SV_CONST_RETURN)
2734 return (char *)SvPVX_const(sv);
2737 if (SvIOKp(sv) || SvNOKp(sv)) {
2738 char tbuf[64]; /* Must fit sprintf/Gconvert of longest IV/NV */
2743 ? my_snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%"UVuf, (UV)SvUVX(sv))
2744 : my_snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%"IVdf, (IV)SvIVX(sv));
2745 } else if(SvNVX(sv) == 0.0) {
2750 Gconvert(SvNVX(sv), NV_DIG, 0, tbuf);
2757 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
2760 s = SvGROW_mutable(sv, len + 1);
2763 return (char*)memcpy(s, tbuf, len + 1);
2769 assert(SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG);
2770 /* This falls through to the report_uninit near the end of the
2772 } else if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2777 if (flags & SV_SKIP_OVERLOAD)
2779 tmpstr = AMG_CALLunary(sv, string_amg);
2780 TAINT_IF(tmpstr && SvTAINTED(tmpstr));
2781 if (tmpstr && (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv)))) {
2783 /* char *pv = lp ? SvPV(tmpstr, *lp) : SvPV_nolen(tmpstr);
2787 if ((SvFLAGS(tmpstr) & (SVf_POK)) == SVf_POK) {
2788 if (flags & SV_CONST_RETURN) {
2789 pv = (char *) SvPVX_const(tmpstr);
2791 pv = (flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)
2792 ? SvPVX_mutable(tmpstr) : SvPVX(tmpstr);
2795 *lp = SvCUR(tmpstr);
2797 pv = sv_2pv_flags(tmpstr, lp, flags);
2810 SV *const referent = SvRV(sv);
2814 retval = buffer = savepvn("NULLREF", len);
2815 } else if (SvTYPE(referent) == SVt_REGEXP && (
2816 !(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC)
2817 || amagic_is_enabled(string_amg)
2819 REGEXP * const re = (REGEXP *)MUTABLE_PTR(referent);
2824 /* If the regex is UTF-8 we want the containing scalar to
2825 have an UTF-8 flag too */
2831 if ((seen_evals = RX_SEEN_EVALS(re)))
2832 PL_reginterp_cnt += seen_evals;
2835 *lp = RX_WRAPLEN(re);
2837 return RX_WRAPPED(re);
2839 const char *const typestr = sv_reftype(referent, 0);
2840 const STRLEN typelen = strlen(typestr);
2841 UV addr = PTR2UV(referent);
2842 const char *stashname = NULL;
2843 STRLEN stashnamelen = 0; /* hush, gcc */
2844 const char *buffer_end;
2846 if (SvOBJECT(referent)) {
2847 const HEK *const name = HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(referent));
2850 stashname = HEK_KEY(name);
2851 stashnamelen = HEK_LEN(name);
2853 if (HEK_UTF8(name)) {
2859 stashname = "__ANON__";
2862 len = stashnamelen + 1 /* = */ + typelen + 3 /* (0x */
2863 + 2 * sizeof(UV) + 2 /* )\0 */;
2865 len = typelen + 3 /* (0x */
2866 + 2 * sizeof(UV) + 2 /* )\0 */;
2869 Newx(buffer, len, char);
2870 buffer_end = retval = buffer + len;
2872 /* Working backwards */
2876 *--retval = PL_hexdigit[addr & 15];
2877 } while (addr >>= 4);
2883 memcpy(retval, typestr, typelen);
2887 retval -= stashnamelen;
2888 memcpy(retval, stashname, stashnamelen);
2890 /* retval may not necessarily have reached the start of the
2892 assert (retval >= buffer);
2894 len = buffer_end - retval - 1; /* -1 for that \0 */
2902 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2905 if (flags & SV_UNDEF_RETURNS_NULL)
2907 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2912 if (SvIOK(sv) || ((SvIOKp(sv) && !SvNOKp(sv)))) {
2913 /* I'm assuming that if both IV and NV are equally valid then
2914 converting the IV is going to be more efficient */
2915 const U32 isUIOK = SvIsUV(sv);
2916 char buf[TYPE_CHARS(UV)];
2920 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
2921 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
2922 ptr = uiv_2buf(buf, SvIVX(sv), SvUVX(sv), isUIOK, &ebuf);
2924 /* inlined from sv_setpvn */
2925 s = SvGROW_mutable(sv, len + 1);
2926 Move(ptr, s, len, char);
2930 else if (SvNOKp(sv)) {
2931 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2932 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2933 if (SvNVX(sv) == 0.0) {
2934 s = SvGROW_mutable(sv, 2);
2939 /* The +20 is pure guesswork. Configure test needed. --jhi */
2940 s = SvGROW_mutable(sv, NV_DIG + 20);
2941 /* some Xenix systems wipe out errno here */
2942 Gconvert(SvNVX(sv), NV_DIG, 0, s);
2952 if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
2953 GV *const gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
2954 SV *const buffer = sv_newmortal();
2956 gv_efullname3(buffer, gv, "*");
2958 assert(SvPOK(buffer));
2960 *lp = SvCUR(buffer);
2962 if ( SvUTF8(buffer) ) SvUTF8_on(sv);
2963 return SvPVX(buffer);
2968 if (flags & SV_UNDEF_RETURNS_NULL)
2970 if (!PL_localizing && !SvPADTMP(sv) && ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2972 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PV)
2973 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
2974 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
2978 const STRLEN len = s - SvPVX_const(sv);
2984 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2pv(%s)\n",
2985 PTR2UV(sv),SvPVX_const(sv)));
2986 if (flags & SV_CONST_RETURN)
2987 return (char *)SvPVX_const(sv);
2988 if (flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)
2989 return SvPVX_mutable(sv);
2994 =for apidoc sv_copypv
2996 Copies a stringified representation of the source SV into the
2997 destination SV. Automatically performs any necessary mg_get and
2998 coercion of numeric values into strings. Guaranteed to preserve
2999 UTF8 flag even from overloaded objects. Similar in nature to
3000 sv_2pv[_flags] but operates directly on an SV instead of just the
3001 string. Mostly uses sv_2pv_flags to do its work, except when that
3002 would lose the UTF-8'ness of the PV.
3008 Perl_sv_copypv(pTHX_ SV *const dsv, register SV *const ssv)
3011 const char * const s = SvPV_const(ssv,len);
3013 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_COPYPV;
3015 sv_setpvn(dsv,s,len);
3023 =for apidoc sv_2pvbyte
3025 Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3026 to its length. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF-8 as a
3029 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte> macro.
3035 Perl_sv_2pvbyte(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *const lp)
3037 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2PVBYTE;
3039 if ((SvTHINKFIRST(sv) && !SvIsCOW(sv)) || isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
3040 SV *sv2 = sv_newmortal();
3044 else SvGETMAGIC(sv);
3045 sv_utf8_downgrade(sv,0);
3046 return lp ? SvPV_nomg(sv,*lp) : SvPV_nomg_nolen(sv);
3050 =for apidoc sv_2pvutf8
3052 Return a pointer to the UTF-8-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3053 to its length. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF-8 as a side-effect.
3055 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8> macro.
3061 Perl_sv_2pvutf8(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *const lp)
3063 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2PVUTF8;
3065 if ((SvTHINKFIRST(sv) && !SvIsCOW(sv)) || isGV_with_GP(sv))
3066 sv = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
3067 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
3068 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVf_POK;
3070 return lp ? SvPV_nomg(sv,*lp) : SvPV_nomg_nolen(sv);
3075 =for apidoc sv_2bool
3077 This macro is only used by sv_true() or its macro equivalent, and only if
3078 the latter's argument is neither SvPOK, SvIOK nor SvNOK.
3079 It calls sv_2bool_flags with the SV_GMAGIC flag.
3081 =for apidoc sv_2bool_flags
3083 This function is only used by sv_true() and friends, and only if
3084 the latter's argument is neither SvPOK, SvIOK nor SvNOK. If the flags
3085 contain SV_GMAGIC, then it does an mg_get() first.
3092 Perl_sv_2bool_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const I32 flags)
3096 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2BOOL_FLAGS;
3098 if(flags & SV_GMAGIC) SvGETMAGIC(sv);
3104 SV * const tmpsv = AMG_CALLunary(sv, bool__amg);
3105 if (tmpsv && (!SvROK(tmpsv) || (SvRV(tmpsv) != SvRV(sv))))
3106 return cBOOL(SvTRUE(tmpsv));
3108 return SvRV(sv) != 0;
3111 register XPV* const Xpvtmp = (XPV*)SvANY(sv);
3113 (*sv->sv_u.svu_pv > '0' ||
3114 Xpvtmp->xpv_cur > 1 ||
3115 (Xpvtmp->xpv_cur && *sv->sv_u.svu_pv != '0')))
3122 return SvIVX(sv) != 0;
3125 return SvNVX(sv) != 0.0;
3127 if (isGV_with_GP(sv))
3137 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade
3139 Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
3140 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
3141 Will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate.
3142 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
3143 if the whole string is the same in UTF-8 as not.
3144 Returns the number of bytes in the converted string
3146 This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
3147 use the Encode extension for that.
3149 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg
3151 Like sv_utf8_upgrade, but doesn't do magic on C<sv>.
3153 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
3155 Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
3156 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
3157 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
3158 if all the bytes are invariant in UTF-8.
3159 If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
3160 will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not.
3161 Returns the number of bytes in the converted string
3162 C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
3163 C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
3165 This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
3166 use the Encode extension for that.
3170 The grow version is currently not externally documented. It adds a parameter,
3171 extra, which is the number of unused bytes the string of 'sv' is guaranteed to
3172 have free after it upon return. This allows the caller to reserve extra space
3173 that it intends to fill, to avoid extra grows.
3175 Also externally undocumented for the moment is the flag SV_FORCE_UTF8_UPGRADE,
3176 which can be used to tell this function to not first check to see if there are
3177 any characters that are different in UTF-8 (variant characters) which would
3178 force it to allocate a new string to sv, but to assume there are. Typically
3179 this flag is used by a routine that has already parsed the string to find that
3180 there are such characters, and passes this information on so that the work
3181 doesn't have to be repeated.
3183 (One might think that the calling routine could pass in the position of the
3184 first such variant, so it wouldn't have to be found again. But that is not the
3185 case, because typically when the caller is likely to use this flag, it won't be
3186 calling this routine unless it finds something that won't fit into a byte.
3187 Otherwise it tries to not upgrade and just use bytes. But some things that
3188 do fit into a byte are variants in utf8, and the caller may not have been
3189 keeping track of these.)
3191 If the routine itself changes the string, it adds a trailing NUL. Such a NUL
3192 isn't guaranteed due to having other routines do the work in some input cases,
3193 or if the input is already flagged as being in utf8.
3195 The speed of this could perhaps be improved for many cases if someone wanted to
3196 write a fast function that counts the number of variant characters in a string,
3197 especially if it could return the position of the first one.
3202 Perl_sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const I32 flags, STRLEN extra)
3206 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UTF8_UPGRADE_FLAGS_GROW;
3208 if (sv == &PL_sv_undef)
3212 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && (SvPOKp(sv) || SvIOKp(sv) || SvNOKp(sv))) {
3213 (void) sv_2pv_flags(sv,&len, flags);
3215 if (extra) SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + extra);
3219 (void) SvPV_force_flags(sv,len,flags & SV_GMAGIC);
3224 if (extra) SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + extra);
3229 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
3232 if (PL_encoding && !(flags & SV_UTF8_NO_ENCODING)) {
3233 sv_recode_to_utf8(sv, PL_encoding);
3234 if (extra) SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + extra);
3238 if (SvCUR(sv) == 0) {
3239 if (extra) SvGROW(sv, extra);
3240 } else { /* Assume Latin-1/EBCDIC */
3241 /* This function could be much more efficient if we
3242 * had a FLAG in SVs to signal if there are any variant
3243 * chars in the PV. Given that there isn't such a flag
3244 * make the loop as fast as possible (although there are certainly ways
3245 * to speed this up, eg. through vectorization) */
3246 U8 * s = (U8 *) SvPVX_const(sv);
3247 U8 * e = (U8 *) SvEND(sv);
3249 STRLEN two_byte_count = 0;
3251 if (flags & SV_FORCE_UTF8_UPGRADE) goto must_be_utf8;
3253 /* See if really will need to convert to utf8. We mustn't rely on our
3254 * incoming SV being well formed and having a trailing '\0', as certain
3255 * code in pp_formline can send us partially built SVs. */
3259 if (NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT(ch)) continue;
3261 t--; /* t already incremented; re-point to first variant */
3266 /* utf8 conversion not needed because all are invariants. Mark as
3267 * UTF-8 even if no variant - saves scanning loop */
3269 if (extra) SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + extra);
3274 /* Here, the string should be converted to utf8, either because of an
3275 * input flag (two_byte_count = 0), or because a character that
3276 * requires 2 bytes was found (two_byte_count = 1). t points either to
3277 * the beginning of the string (if we didn't examine anything), or to
3278 * the first variant. In either case, everything from s to t - 1 will
3279 * occupy only 1 byte each on output.
3281 * There are two main ways to convert. One is to create a new string
3282 * and go through the input starting from the beginning, appending each
3283 * converted value onto the new string as we go along. It's probably
3284 * best to allocate enough space in the string for the worst possible
3285 * case rather than possibly running out of space and having to
3286 * reallocate and then copy what we've done so far. Since everything
3287 * from s to t - 1 is invariant, the destination can be initialized
3288 * with these using a fast memory copy
3290 * The other way is to figure out exactly how big the string should be
3291 * by parsing the entire input. Then you don't have to make it big
3292 * enough to handle the worst possible case, and more importantly, if
3293 * the string you already have is large enough, you don't have to
3294 * allocate a new string, you can copy the last character in the input
3295 * string to the final position(s) that will be occupied by the
3296 * converted string and go backwards, stopping at t, since everything
3297 * before that is invariant.
3299 * There are advantages and disadvantages to each method.
3301 * In the first method, we can allocate a new string, do the memory
3302 * copy from the s to t - 1, and then proceed through the rest of the
3303 * string byte-by-byte.
3305 * In the second method, we proceed through the rest of the input
3306 * string just calculating how big the converted string will be. Then
3307 * there are two cases:
3308 * 1) if the string has enough extra space to handle the converted
3309 * value. We go backwards through the string, converting until we
3310 * get to the position we are at now, and then stop. If this
3311 * position is far enough along in the string, this method is
3312 * faster than the other method. If the memory copy were the same
3313 * speed as the byte-by-byte loop, that position would be about
3314 * half-way, as at the half-way mark, parsing to the end and back
3315 * is one complete string's parse, the same amount as starting
3316 * over and going all the way through. Actually, it would be
3317 * somewhat less than half-way, as it's faster to just count bytes
3318 * than to also copy, and we don't have the overhead of allocating
3319 * a new string, changing the scalar to use it, and freeing the
3320 * existing one. But if the memory copy is fast, the break-even
3321 * point is somewhere after half way. The counting loop could be
3322 * sped up by vectorization, etc, to move the break-even point
3323 * further towards the beginning.
3324 * 2) if the string doesn't have enough space to handle the converted
3325 * value. A new string will have to be allocated, and one might
3326 * as well, given that, start from the beginning doing the first
3327 * method. We've spent extra time parsing the string and in
3328 * exchange all we've gotten is that we know precisely how big to
3329 * make the new one. Perl is more optimized for time than space,
3330 * so this case is a loser.
3331 * So what I've decided to do is not use the 2nd method unless it is
3332 * guaranteed that a new string won't have to be allocated, assuming
3333 * the worst case. I also decided not to put any more conditions on it
3334 * than this, for now. It seems likely that, since the worst case is
3335 * twice as big as the unknown portion of the string (plus 1), we won't
3336 * be guaranteed enough space, causing us to go to the first method,
3337 * unless the string is short, or the first variant character is near
3338 * the end of it. In either of these cases, it seems best to use the
3339 * 2nd method. The only circumstance I can think of where this would
3340 * be really slower is if the string had once had much more data in it
3341 * than it does now, but there is still a substantial amount in it */
3344 STRLEN invariant_head = t - s;
3345 STRLEN size = invariant_head + (e - t) * 2 + 1 + extra;
3346 if (SvLEN(sv) < size) {
3348 /* Here, have decided to allocate a new string */
3353 Newx(dst, size, U8);
3355 /* If no known invariants at the beginning of the input string,
3356 * set so starts from there. Otherwise, can use memory copy to
3357 * get up to where we are now, and then start from here */
3359 if (invariant_head <= 0) {
3362 Copy(s, dst, invariant_head, char);
3363 d = dst + invariant_head;
3367 const UV uv = NATIVE8_TO_UNI(*t++);
3368 if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv))
3369 *d++ = (U8)UNI_TO_NATIVE(uv);
3371 *d++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(uv);
3372 *d++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(uv);
3376 SvPV_free(sv); /* No longer using pre-existing string */
3377 SvPV_set(sv, (char*)dst);
3378 SvCUR_set(sv, d - dst);
3379 SvLEN_set(sv, size);
3382 /* Here, have decided to get the exact size of the string.
3383 * Currently this happens only when we know that there is
3384 * guaranteed enough space to fit the converted string, so
3385 * don't have to worry about growing. If two_byte_count is 0,
3386 * then t points to the first byte of the string which hasn't
3387 * been examined yet. Otherwise two_byte_count is 1, and t
3388 * points to the first byte in the string that will expand to
3389 * two. Depending on this, start examining at t or 1 after t.
3392 U8 *d = t + two_byte_count;
3395 /* Count up the remaining bytes that expand to two */
3398 const U8 chr = *d++;
3399 if (! NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT(chr)) two_byte_count++;
3402 /* The string will expand by just the number of bytes that
3403 * occupy two positions. But we are one afterwards because of
3404 * the increment just above. This is the place to put the
3405 * trailing NUL, and to set the length before we decrement */
3407 d += two_byte_count;
3408 SvCUR_set(sv, d - s);
3412 /* Having decremented d, it points to the position to put the
3413 * very last byte of the expanded string. Go backwards through
3414 * the string, copying and expanding as we go, stopping when we
3415 * get to the part that is invariant the rest of the way down */
3419 const U8 ch = NATIVE8_TO_UNI(*e--);
3420 if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(ch)) {
3421 *d-- = UNI_TO_NATIVE(ch);
3423 *d-- = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(ch);
3424 *d-- = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(ch);
3429 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
3430 /* Update pos. We do it at the end rather than during
3431 * the upgrade, to avoid slowing down the common case
3432 * (upgrade without pos) */
3433 MAGIC * mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
3435 I32 pos = mg->mg_len;
3436 if (pos > 0 && (U32)pos > invariant_head) {
3437 U8 *d = (U8*) SvPVX(sv) + invariant_head;
3438 STRLEN n = (U32)pos - invariant_head;
3440 if (UTF8_IS_START(*d))
3445 mg->mg_len = d - (U8*)SvPVX(sv);
3448 if ((mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))
3449 magic_setutf8(sv,mg); /* clear UTF8 cache */
3454 /* Mark as UTF-8 even if no variant - saves scanning loop */
3460 =for apidoc sv_utf8_downgrade
3462 Attempts to convert the PV of an SV from characters to bytes.
3463 If the PV contains a character that cannot fit
3464 in a byte, this conversion will fail;
3465 in this case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
3468 This is not as a general purpose Unicode to byte encoding interface:
3469 use the Encode extension for that.
3475 Perl_sv_utf8_downgrade(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const bool fail_ok)
3479 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UTF8_DOWNGRADE;
3481 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvUTF8(sv)) {
3485 int mg_flags = SV_GMAGIC;
3488 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
3490 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
3492 MAGIC * mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
3494 I32 pos = mg->mg_len;
3496 sv_pos_b2u(sv, &pos);
3497 mg_flags = 0; /* sv_pos_b2u does get magic */
3501 if ((mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))
3502 magic_setutf8(sv,mg); /* clear UTF8 cache */
3505 s = (U8 *) SvPV_flags(sv, len, mg_flags);
3507 if (!utf8_to_bytes(s, &len)) {
3512 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character in %s",
3515 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character");
3526 =for apidoc sv_utf8_encode
3528 Converts the PV of an SV to UTF-8, but then turns the C<SvUTF8>
3529 flag off so that it looks like octets again.
3535 Perl_sv_utf8_encode(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
3537 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UTF8_ENCODE;
3539 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3540 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
3542 (void) sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
3547 =for apidoc sv_utf8_decode
3549 If the PV of the SV is an octet sequence in UTF-8
3550 and contains a multiple-byte character, the C<SvUTF8> flag is turned on
3551 so that it looks like a character. If the PV contains only single-byte
3552 characters, the C<SvUTF8> flag stays off.
3553 Scans PV for validity and returns false if the PV is invalid UTF-8.
3559 Perl_sv_utf8_decode(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
3561 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UTF8_DECODE;
3564 const U8 *start, *c;
3567 /* The octets may have got themselves encoded - get them back as
3570 if (!sv_utf8_downgrade(sv, TRUE))
3573 /* it is actually just a matter of turning the utf8 flag on, but
3574 * we want to make sure everything inside is valid utf8 first.
3576 c = start = (const U8 *) SvPVX_const(sv);
3577 if (!is_utf8_string(c, SvCUR(sv)))
3579 e = (const U8 *) SvEND(sv);
3582 if (!UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(ch)) {
3587 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
3588 /* adjust pos to the start of a UTF8 char sequence */
3589 MAGIC * mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
3591 I32 pos = mg->mg_len;
3593 for (c = start + pos; c > start; c--) {
3594 if (UTF8_IS_START(*c))
3597 mg->mg_len = c - start;
3600 if ((mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))
3601 magic_setutf8(sv,mg); /* clear UTF8 cache */
3608 =for apidoc sv_setsv
3610 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
3611 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
3612 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3613 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
3614 content of the destination.
3616 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
3617 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
3618 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
3620 =for apidoc sv_setsv_flags
3622 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
3623 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
3624 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3625 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
3626 content of the destination.
3627 If the C<flags> parameter has the C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on
3628 C<ssv> if appropriate, else not. If the C<flags>
3629 parameter has the C<NOSTEAL> bit set then the
3630 buffers of temps will not be stolen. <sv_setsv>
3631 and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
3633 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
3634 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
3635 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
3637 This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other
3638 copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath.
3644 S_glob_assign_glob(pTHX_ SV *const dstr, SV *const sstr, const int dtype)
3646 I32 mro_changes = 0; /* 1 = method, 2 = isa, 3 = recursive isa */
3647 HV *old_stash = NULL;
3649 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GLOB_ASSIGN_GLOB;
3651 if (dtype != SVt_PVGV && !isGV_with_GP(dstr)) {
3652 const char * const name = GvNAME(sstr);
3653 const STRLEN len = GvNAMELEN(sstr);
3655 if (dtype >= SVt_PV) {
3661 SvUPGRADE(dstr, SVt_PVGV);
3662 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3663 /* We have to turn this on here, even though we turn it off
3664 below, as GvSTASH will fail an assertion otherwise. */
3665 isGV_with_GP_on(dstr);
3667 GvSTASH(dstr) = GvSTASH(sstr);
3669 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(GvSTASH(dstr)), dstr);
3670 gv_name_set(MUTABLE_GV(dstr), name, len,
3671 GV_ADD | (GvNAMEUTF8(sstr) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
3672 SvFAKE_on(dstr); /* can coerce to non-glob */
3675 if(GvGP(MUTABLE_GV(sstr))) {
3676 /* If source has method cache entry, clear it */
3678 SvREFCNT_dec(GvCV(sstr));
3679 GvCV_set(sstr, NULL);
3682 /* If source has a real method, then a method is
3685 GvCV((const GV *)sstr) && GvSTASH(dstr) && HvENAME(GvSTASH(dstr))
3691 /* If dest already had a real method, that's a change as well */
3693 !mro_changes && GvGP(MUTABLE_GV(dstr)) && GvCVu((const GV *)dstr)
3694 && GvSTASH(dstr) && HvENAME(GvSTASH(dstr))
3699 /* We don't need to check the name of the destination if it was not a
3700 glob to begin with. */
3701 if(dtype == SVt_PVGV) {
3702 const char * const name = GvNAME((const GV *)dstr);
3705 /* The stash may have been detached from the symbol table, so
3707 && GvSTASH(dstr) && HvENAME(GvSTASH(dstr))
3708 && GvAV((const GV *)sstr)
3712 const STRLEN len = GvNAMELEN(dstr);
3713 if ((len > 1 && name[len-2] == ':' && name[len-1] == ':')
3714 || (len == 1 && name[0] == ':')) {
3717 /* Set aside the old stash, so we can reset isa caches on
3719 if((old_stash = GvHV(dstr)))
3720 /* Make sure we do not lose it early. */
3721 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(
3722 sv_2mortal((SV *)old_stash)
3728 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(dstr));
3729 isGV_with_GP_off(dstr); /* SvOK_off does not like globs. */
3730 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3731 isGV_with_GP_on(dstr);
3732 GvINTRO_off(dstr); /* one-shot flag */
3733 GvGP_set(dstr, gp_ref(GvGP(sstr)));
3734 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
3736 if (GvIMPORTED(dstr) != GVf_IMPORTED
3737 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
3739 GvIMPORTED_on(dstr);
3742 if(mro_changes == 2) {
3744 SV * const sref = (SV *)GvAV((const GV *)dstr);
3745 if (SvSMAGICAL(sref) && (mg = mg_find(sref, PERL_MAGIC_isa))) {
3746 if (SvTYPE(mg->mg_obj) != SVt_PVAV) {
3747 AV * const ary = newAV();
3748 av_push(ary, mg->mg_obj); /* takes the refcount */
3749 mg->mg_obj = (SV *)ary;
3751 av_push((AV *)mg->mg_obj, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(dstr));
3753 else sv_magic(sref, dstr, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
3754 mro_isa_changed_in(GvSTASH(dstr));
3756 else if(mro_changes == 3) {
3757 HV * const stash = GvHV(dstr);
3758 if(old_stash ? (HV *)HvENAME_get(old_stash) : stash)
3764 else if(mro_changes) mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(dstr));
3769 S_glob_assign_ref(pTHX_ SV *const dstr, SV *const sstr)
3771 SV * const sref = SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(sstr));
3773 const int intro = GvINTRO(dstr);
3776 const U32 stype = SvTYPE(sref);
3778 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GLOB_ASSIGN_REF;
3781 GvINTRO_off(dstr); /* one-shot flag */
3782 GvLINE(dstr) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
3783 GvEGV(dstr) = MUTABLE_GV(dstr);
3788 location = (SV **) &(GvGP(dstr)->gp_cv); /* XXX bypassing GvCV_set */
3789 import_flag = GVf_IMPORTED_CV;
3792 location = (SV **) &GvHV(dstr);
3793 import_flag = GVf_IMPORTED_HV;
3796 location = (SV **) &GvAV(dstr);
3797 import_flag = GVf_IMPORTED_AV;
3800 location = (SV **) &GvIOp(dstr);
3803 location = (SV **) &GvFORM(dstr);
3806 location = &GvSV(dstr);
3807 import_flag = GVf_IMPORTED_SV;
3810 if (stype == SVt_PVCV) {
3811 /*if (GvCVGEN(dstr) && (GvCV(dstr) != (const CV *)sref || GvCVGEN(dstr))) {*/
3812 if (GvCVGEN(dstr)) {
3813 SvREFCNT_dec(GvCV(dstr));
3814 GvCV_set(dstr, NULL);
3815 GvCVGEN(dstr) = 0; /* Switch off cacheness. */
3818 SAVEGENERICSV(*location);
3822 if (stype == SVt_PVCV && (*location != sref || GvCVGEN(dstr))) {
3823 CV* const cv = MUTABLE_CV(*location);
3825 if (!GvCVGEN((const GV *)dstr) &&
3826 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)) &&
3827 /* redundant check that avoids creating the extra SV
3828 most of the time: */
3829 (CvCONST(cv) || ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)))
3831 SV * const new_const_sv =
3832 CvCONST((const CV *)sref)
3833 ? cv_const_sv((const CV *)sref)
3835 report_redefined_cv(
3836 sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3839 HvNAME_HEK(GvSTASH((const GV *)dstr))
3841 HEKfARG(GvENAME_HEK(MUTABLE_GV(dstr)))
3844 CvCONST((const CV *)sref) ? &new_const_sv : NULL
3848 cv_ckproto_len_flags(cv, (const GV *)dstr,
3849 SvPOK(sref) ? CvPROTO(sref) : NULL,
3850 SvPOK(sref) ? CvPROTOLEN(sref) : 0,
3851 SvPOK(sref) ? SvUTF8(sref) : 0);
3853 GvCVGEN(dstr) = 0; /* Switch off cacheness. */
3854 GvASSUMECV_on(dstr);
3855 if(GvSTASH(dstr)) mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(dstr)); /* sub foo { 1 } sub bar { 2 } *bar = \&foo */
3858 if (import_flag && !(GvFLAGS(dstr) & import_flag)
3859 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr))) {
3860 GvFLAGS(dstr) |= import_flag;
3862 if (stype == SVt_PVHV) {
3863 const char * const name = GvNAME((GV*)dstr);
3864 const STRLEN len = GvNAMELEN(dstr);
3867 (len > 1 && name[len-2] == ':' && name[len-1] == ':')
3868 || (len == 1 && name[0] == ':')
3870 && (!dref || HvENAME_get(dref))
3873 (HV *)sref, (HV *)dref,
3879 stype == SVt_PVAV && sref != dref
3880 && strEQ(GvNAME((GV*)dstr), "ISA")
3881 /* The stash may have been detached from the symbol table, so
3882 check its name before doing anything. */
3883 && GvSTASH(dstr) && HvENAME(GvSTASH(dstr))
3886 MAGIC * const omg = dref && SvSMAGICAL(dref)
3887 ? mg_find(dref, PERL_MAGIC_isa)
3889 if (SvSMAGICAL(sref) && (mg = mg_find(sref, PERL_MAGIC_isa))) {
3890 if (SvTYPE(mg->mg_obj) != SVt_PVAV) {
3891 AV * const ary = newAV();
3892 av_push(ary, mg->mg_obj); /* takes the refcount */
3893 mg->mg_obj = (SV *)ary;
3896 if (SvTYPE(omg->mg_obj) == SVt_PVAV) {
3897 SV **svp = AvARRAY((AV *)omg->mg_obj);
3898 I32 items = AvFILLp((AV *)omg->mg_obj) + 1;
3902 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*svp++)
3908 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(omg->mg_obj)
3912 av_push((AV *)mg->mg_obj,SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(dstr));
3917 sref, omg ? omg->mg_obj : dstr, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0
3919 mg = mg_find(sref, PERL_MAGIC_isa);
3921 /* Since the *ISA assignment could have affected more than
3922 one stash, don't call mro_isa_changed_in directly, but let
3923 magic_clearisa do it for us, as it already has the logic for
3924 dealing with globs vs arrays of globs. */
3926 Perl_magic_clearisa(aTHX_ NULL, mg);
3931 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
3937 Perl_sv_setsv_flags(pTHX_ SV *dstr, register SV* sstr, const I32 flags)
3940 register U32 sflags;
3942 register svtype stype;
3944 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETSV_FLAGS;
3949 if (SvIS_FREED(dstr)) {
3950 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: attempt to copy value %" SVf
3951 " to a freed scalar %p", SVfARG(sstr), (void *)dstr);
3953 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(dstr);
3955 sstr = &PL_sv_undef;
3956 if (SvIS_FREED(sstr)) {
3957 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: attempt to copy freed scalar %p to %p",
3958 (void*)sstr, (void*)dstr);
3960 stype = SvTYPE(sstr);
3961 dtype = SvTYPE(dstr);
3965 /* need to nuke the magic */
3966 sv_unmagic(dstr, PERL_MAGIC_vstring);
3969 /* There's a lot of redundancy below but we're going for speed here */
3974 if (dtype != SVt_PVGV && dtype != SVt_PVLV) {
3975 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3983 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_IV);
3987 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
3991 goto end_of_first_switch;
3993 (void)SvIOK_only(dstr);
3994 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
3997 /* SvTAINTED can only be true if the SV has taint magic, which in
3998 turn means that the SV type is PVMG (or greater). This is the
3999 case statement for SVt_IV, so this cannot be true (whatever gcov
4001 assert(!SvTAINTED(sstr));
4006 if (dtype < SVt_PV && dtype != SVt_IV)
4007 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_IV);
4015 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_NV);
4019 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
4023 goto end_of_first_switch;
4025 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4026 (void)SvNOK_only(dstr);
4027 /* SvTAINTED can only be true if the SV has taint magic, which in
4028 turn means that the SV type is PVMG (or greater). This is the
4029 case statement for SVt_NV, so this cannot be true (whatever gcov
4031 assert(!SvTAINTED(sstr));
4037 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4038 if ((SvFLAGS(sstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS) {
4039 if (dtype < SVt_PVIV)
4040 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
4047 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PV);
4050 if (dtype < SVt_PVIV)
4051 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
4054 if (dtype < SVt_PVNV)
4055 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
4059 const char * const type = sv_reftype(sstr,0);
4061 /* diag_listed_as: Bizarre copy of %s */
4062 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre copy of %s in %s", type, OP_DESC(PL_op));
4064 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre copy of %s", type);
4069 if (dtype < SVt_REGEXP)
4070 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_REGEXP);
4073 /* case SVt_BIND: */
4077 if (SvGMAGICAL(sstr) && (flags & SV_GMAGIC)) {
4079 if (SvTYPE(sstr) != stype)
4080 stype = SvTYPE(sstr);
4082 if (isGV_with_GP(sstr) && dtype <= SVt_PVLV) {
4083 glob_assign_glob(dstr, sstr, dtype);
4086 if (stype == SVt_PVLV)
4087 SvUPGRADE(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
4089 SvUPGRADE(dstr, (svtype)stype);
4091 end_of_first_switch:
4093 /* dstr may have been upgraded. */
4094 dtype = SvTYPE(dstr);
4095 sflags = SvFLAGS(sstr);
4097 if (dtype == SVt_PVCV || dtype == SVt_PVFM) {
4098 /* Assigning to a subroutine sets the prototype. */
4101 const char *const ptr = SvPV_const(sstr, len);
4103 SvGROW(dstr, len + 1);
4104 Copy(ptr, SvPVX(dstr), len + 1, char);
4105 SvCUR_set(dstr, len);
4107 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= sflags & SVf_UTF8;
4108 CvAUTOLOAD_off(dstr);
4112 } else if (dtype == SVt_PVAV || dtype == SVt_PVHV) {
4113 const char * const type = sv_reftype(dstr,0);
4115 /* diag_listed_as: Cannot copy to %s */
4116 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot copy to %s in %s", type, OP_DESC(PL_op));
4118 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot copy to %s", type);
4119 } else if (sflags & SVf_ROK) {
4120 if (isGV_with_GP(dstr)
4121 && SvTYPE(SvRV(sstr)) == SVt_PVGV && isGV_with_GP(SvRV(sstr))) {
4124 if (GvIMPORTED(dstr) != GVf_IMPORTED
4125 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
4127 GvIMPORTED_on(dstr);
4132 glob_assign_glob(dstr, sstr, dtype);
4136 if (dtype >= SVt_PV) {
4137 if (isGV_with_GP(dstr)) {
4138 glob_assign_ref(dstr, sstr);
4141 if (SvPVX_const(dstr)) {
4147 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4148 SvRV_set(dstr, SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(sstr)));
4149 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= sflags & SVf_ROK;
4150 assert(!(sflags & SVp_NOK));
4151 assert(!(sflags & SVp_IOK));
4152 assert(!(sflags & SVf_NOK));
4153 assert(!(sflags & SVf_IOK));
4155 else if (isGV_with_GP(dstr)) {
4156 if (!(sflags & SVf_OK)) {
4157 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
4158 "Undefined value assigned to typeglob");
4161 GV *gv = gv_fetchsv_nomg(sstr, GV_ADD, SVt_PVGV);
4162 if (dstr != (const SV *)gv) {
4163 const char * const name = GvNAME((const GV *)dstr);
4164 const STRLEN len = GvNAMELEN(dstr);
4165 HV *old_stash = NULL;
4166 bool reset_isa = FALSE;
4167 if ((len > 1 && name[len-2] == ':' && name[len-1] == ':')
4168 || (len == 1 && name[0] == ':')) {
4169 /* Set aside the old stash, so we can reset isa caches
4170 on its subclasses. */
4171 if((old_stash = GvHV(dstr))) {
4172 /* Make sure we do not lose it early. */
4173 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(
4174 sv_2mortal((SV *)old_stash)
4181 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(dstr));
4182 GvGP_set(dstr, gp_ref(GvGP(gv)));
4185 HV * const stash = GvHV(dstr);
4187 old_stash ? (HV *)HvENAME_get(old_stash) : stash
4197 else if (dtype == SVt_REGEXP && stype == SVt_REGEXP) {
4198 reg_temp_copy((REGEXP*)dstr, (REGEXP*)sstr);
4200 else if (sflags & SVp_POK) {
4204 * Check to see if we can just swipe the string. If so, it's a
4205 * possible small lose on short strings, but a big win on long ones.
4206 * It might even be a win on short strings if SvPVX_const(dstr)
4207 * has to be allocated and SvPVX_const(sstr) has to be freed.
4208 * Likewise if we can set up COW rather than doing an actual copy, we
4209 * drop to the else clause, as the swipe code and the COW setup code
4210 * have much in common.
4213 /* Whichever path we take through the next code, we want this true,
4214 and doing it now facilitates the COW check. */
4215 (void)SvPOK_only(dstr);
4218 /* If we're already COW then this clause is not true, and if COW
4219 is allowed then we drop down to the else and make dest COW
4220 with us. If caller hasn't said that we're allowed to COW
4221 shared hash keys then we don't do the COW setup, even if the
4222 source scalar is a shared hash key scalar. */
4223 (((flags & SV_COW_SHARED_HASH_KEYS)
4224 ? (sflags & (SVf_FAKE|SVf_READONLY)) != (SVf_FAKE|SVf_READONLY)
4225 : 1 /* If making a COW copy is forbidden then the behaviour we
4226 desire is as if the source SV isn't actually already
4227 COW, even if it is. So we act as if the source flags
4228 are not COW, rather than actually testing them. */
4230 #ifndef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4231 /* The change that added SV_COW_SHARED_HASH_KEYS makes the logic
4232 when PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE is defined a little wrong.
4233 Conceptually PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE being defined should
4234 override SV_COW_SHARED_HASH_KEYS, because it means "always COW"
4235 but in turn, it's somewhat dead code, never expected to go
4236 live, but more kept as a placeholder on how to do it better
4237 in a newer implementation. */
4238 /* If we are COW and dstr is a suitable target then we drop down
4239 into the else and make dest a COW of us. */
4240 || (SvFLAGS(dstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) != CAN_COW_FLAGS
4245 (sflags & SVs_TEMP) && /* slated for free anyway? */
4246 !(sflags & SVf_OOK) && /* and not involved in OOK hack? */
4247 (!(flags & SV_NOSTEAL)) &&
4248 /* and we're allowed to steal temps */
4249 SvREFCNT(sstr) == 1 && /* and no other references to it? */
4250 SvLEN(sstr)) /* and really is a string */
4251 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4252 && ((flags & SV_COW_SHARED_HASH_KEYS)
4253 ? (!((sflags & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS
4254 && (SvFLAGS(dstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS
4255 && SvTYPE(sstr) >= SVt_PVIV && SvTYPE(sstr) != SVt_PVFM))
4259 /* Failed the swipe test, and it's not a shared hash key either.
4260 Have to copy the string. */
4261 STRLEN len = SvCUR(sstr);
4262 SvGROW(dstr, len + 1); /* inlined from sv_setpvn */
4263 Move(SvPVX_const(sstr),SvPVX(dstr),len,char);
4264 SvCUR_set(dstr, len);
4265 *SvEND(dstr) = '\0';
4267 /* If PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE is not defined, then isSwipe will always
4269 /* Either it's a shared hash key, or it's suitable for
4270 copy-on-write or we can swipe the string. */
4272 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Copy on write: sstr --> dstr\n");
4276 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4278 if ((sflags & (SVf_FAKE | SVf_READONLY))
4279 != (SVf_FAKE | SVf_READONLY)) {
4280 SvREADONLY_on(sstr);
4282 /* Make the source SV into a loop of 1.
4283 (about to become 2) */
4284 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(sstr, sstr);
4288 /* Initial code is common. */
4289 if (SvPVX_const(dstr)) { /* we know that dtype >= SVt_PV */
4294 /* making another shared SV. */
4295 STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sstr);
4296 STRLEN len = SvLEN(sstr);
4297 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4299 assert (SvTYPE(dstr) >= SVt_PVIV);
4300 /* SvIsCOW_normal */
4301 /* splice us in between source and next-after-source. */
4302 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(dstr, SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sstr));
4303 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(sstr, dstr);
4304 SvPV_set(dstr, SvPVX_mutable(sstr));
4308 /* SvIsCOW_shared_hash */
4309 DEBUG_C(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4310 "Copy on write: Sharing hash\n"));
4312 assert (SvTYPE(dstr) >= SVt_PV);
4314 HEK_KEY(share_hek_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sstr)))));
4316 SvLEN_set(dstr, len);
4317 SvCUR_set(dstr, cur);
4318 SvREADONLY_on(dstr);
4322 { /* Passes the swipe test. */
4323 SvPV_set(dstr, SvPVX_mutable(sstr));
4324 SvLEN_set(dstr, SvLEN(sstr));
4325 SvCUR_set(dstr, SvCUR(sstr));
4328 (void)SvOK_off(sstr); /* NOTE: nukes most SvFLAGS on sstr */
4329 SvPV_set(sstr, NULL);
4335 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
4336 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4338 if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
4339 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
4340 /* Must do this otherwise some other overloaded use of 0x80000000
4341 gets confused. I guess SVpbm_VALID */
4342 if (sflags & SVf_IVisUV)
4345 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= sflags & (SVf_IOK|SVp_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_UTF8);
4347 const MAGIC * const smg = SvVSTRING_mg(sstr);
4349 sv_magic(dstr, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_vstring,
4350 smg->mg_ptr, smg->mg_len);
4351 SvRMAGICAL_on(dstr);
4355 else if (sflags & (SVp_IOK|SVp_NOK)) {
4356 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4357 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= sflags & (SVf_IOK|SVp_IOK|SVf_IVisUV|SVf_NOK|SVp_NOK);
4358 if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
4359 /* XXXX Do we want to set IsUV for IV(ROK)? Be extra safe... */
4360 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
4362 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
4363 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4367 if (isGV_with_GP(sstr)) {
4368 gv_efullname3(dstr, MUTABLE_GV(sstr), "*");
4371 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4373 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
4378 =for apidoc sv_setsv_mg
4380 Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4386 Perl_sv_setsv_mg(pTHX_ SV *const dstr, register SV *const sstr)
4388 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETSV_MG;
4390 sv_setsv(dstr,sstr);
4394 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4396 Perl_sv_setsv_cow(pTHX_ SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
4398 STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sstr);
4399 STRLEN len = SvLEN(sstr);
4400 register char *new_pv;
4402 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETSV_COW;
4405 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Fast copy on write: %p -> %p\n",
4406 (void*)sstr, (void*)dstr);
4413 if (SvTHINKFIRST(dstr))
4414 sv_force_normal_flags(dstr, SV_COW_DROP_PV);
4415 else if (SvPVX_const(dstr))
4416 Safefree(SvPVX_const(dstr));
4420 SvUPGRADE(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
4422 assert (SvPOK(sstr));
4423 assert (SvPOKp(sstr));
4424 assert (!SvIOK(sstr));
4425 assert (!SvIOKp(sstr));
4426 assert (!SvNOK(sstr));
4427 assert (!SvNOKp(sstr));
4429 if (SvIsCOW(sstr)) {
4431 if (SvLEN(sstr) == 0) {
4432 /* source is a COW shared hash key. */
4433 DEBUG_C(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4434 "Fast copy on write: Sharing hash\n"));
4435 new_pv = HEK_KEY(share_hek_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sstr))));
4438 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(dstr, SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sstr));
4440 assert ((SvFLAGS(sstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS);
4441 SvUPGRADE(sstr, SVt_PVIV);
4442 SvREADONLY_on(sstr);
4444 DEBUG_C(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4445 "Fast copy on write: Converting sstr to COW\n"));
4446 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(dstr, sstr);
4448 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(sstr, dstr);
4449 new_pv = SvPVX_mutable(sstr);
4452 SvPV_set(dstr, new_pv);
4453 SvFLAGS(dstr) = (SVt_PVIV|SVf_POK|SVp_POK|SVf_FAKE|SVf_READONLY);
4456 SvLEN_set(dstr, len);
4457 SvCUR_set(dstr, cur);
4466 =for apidoc sv_setpvn
4468 Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
4469 bytes to be copied. If the C<ptr> argument is NULL the SV will become
4470 undefined. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
4476 Perl_sv_setpvn(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr, register const STRLEN len)
4479 register char *dptr;
4481 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVN;
4483 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
4489 /* len is STRLEN which is unsigned, need to copy to signed */
4492 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_setpvn called with negative strlen %"
4495 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4497 dptr = SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4498 Move(ptr,dptr,len,char);
4501 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4503 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVCV) CvAUTOLOAD_off(sv);
4507 =for apidoc sv_setpvn_mg
4509 Like C<sv_setpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4515 Perl_sv_setpvn_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr, register const STRLEN len)
4517 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVN_MG;
4519 sv_setpvn(sv,ptr,len);
4524 =for apidoc sv_setpv
4526 Copies a string into an SV. The string must be null-terminated. Does not
4527 handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpv_mg>.
4533 Perl_sv_setpv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr)
4536 register STRLEN len;
4538 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPV;
4540 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
4546 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4548 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4549 Move(ptr,SvPVX(sv),len+1,char);
4551 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4553 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVCV) CvAUTOLOAD_off(sv);
4557 =for apidoc sv_setpv_mg
4559 Like C<sv_setpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4565 Perl_sv_setpv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr)
4567 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPV_MG;
4574 Perl_sv_sethek(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const HEK *const hek)
4578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETHEK;
4584 if (HEK_LEN(hek) == HEf_SVKEY) {
4585 sv_setsv(sv, *(SV**)HEK_KEY(hek));
4588 const int flags = HEK_FLAGS(hek);
4589 if (flags & HVhek_WASUTF8) {
4590 STRLEN utf8_len = HEK_LEN(hek);
4591 char *as_utf8 = (char *)bytes_to_utf8((U8*)HEK_KEY(hek), &utf8_len);
4592 sv_usepvn_flags(sv, as_utf8, utf8_len, SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
4595 } else if (flags & (HVhek_REHASH|HVhek_UNSHARED)) {
4596 sv_setpvn(sv, HEK_KEY(hek), HEK_LEN(hek));
4599 else SvUTF8_off(sv);
4603 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
4604 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4605 SvPV_set(sv,(char *)HEK_KEY(share_hek_hek(hek)));
4606 SvCUR_set(sv, HEK_LEN(hek));
4613 else SvUTF8_off(sv);
4621 =for apidoc sv_usepvn_flags
4623 Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Normally the
4624 string is stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an
4625 outside string. The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated
4626 by C<malloc>. It must be the start of a mallocked block
4627 of memory, and not a pointer to the middle of it. The
4628 string length, C<len>, must be supplied. By default
4629 this function will realloc (i.e. move) the memory pointed to by C<ptr>,
4630 so that pointer should not be freed or used by the programmer after
4631 giving it to sv_usepvn, and neither should any pointers from "behind"
4632 that pointer (e.g. ptr + 1) be used.
4634 If C<flags> & SV_SMAGIC is true, will call SvSETMAGIC. If C<flags> &
4635 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL is true, then C<ptr[len]> must be NUL, and the realloc
4636 will be skipped (i.e. the buffer is actually at least 1 byte longer than
4637 C<len>, and already meets the requirements for storing in C<SvPVX>).
4643 Perl_sv_usepvn_flags(pTHX_ SV *const sv, char *ptr, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
4648 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_USEPVN_FLAGS;
4650 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
4651 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4654 if (flags & SV_SMAGIC)
4658 if (SvPVX_const(sv))
4662 if (flags & SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL)
4663 assert(ptr[len] == '\0');
4666 allocate = (flags & SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL)
4668 #ifdef Perl_safesysmalloc_size
4671 PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(len + 1);
4673 if (flags & SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL) {
4674 /* It's long enough - do nothing.
4675 Specifically Perl_newCONSTSUB is relying on this. */
4678 /* Force a move to shake out bugs in callers. */
4679 char *new_ptr = (char*)safemalloc(allocate);
4680 Copy(ptr, new_ptr, len, char);
4681 PoisonFree(ptr,len,char);
4685 ptr = (char*) saferealloc (ptr, allocate);
4688 #ifdef Perl_safesysmalloc_size
4689 SvLEN_set(sv, Perl_safesysmalloc_size(ptr));
4691 SvLEN_set(sv, allocate);
4695 if (!(flags & SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL)) {
4698 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4700 if (flags & SV_SMAGIC)
4704 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4705 /* Need to do this *after* making the SV normal, as we need the buffer
4706 pointer to remain valid until after we've copied it. If we let go too early,
4707 another thread could invalidate it by unsharing last of the same hash key
4708 (which it can do by means other than releasing copy-on-write Svs)
4709 or by changing the other copy-on-write SVs in the loop. */
4711 S_sv_release_COW(pTHX_ register SV *sv, const char *pvx, SV *after)
4713 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_RELEASE_COW;
4715 { /* this SV was SvIsCOW_normal(sv) */
4716 /* we need to find the SV pointing to us. */
4717 SV *current = SV_COW_NEXT_SV(after);
4719 if (current == sv) {
4720 /* The SV we point to points back to us (there were only two of us
4722 Hence other SV is no longer copy on write either. */
4724 SvREADONLY_off(after);
4726 /* We need to follow the pointers around the loop. */
4728 while ((next = SV_COW_NEXT_SV(current)) != sv) {
4731 /* don't loop forever if the structure is bust, and we have
4732 a pointer into a closed loop. */
4733 assert (current != after);
4734 assert (SvPVX_const(current) == pvx);
4736 /* Make the SV before us point to the SV after us. */
4737 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(current, after);
4743 =for apidoc sv_force_normal_flags
4745 Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
4746 a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
4747 an xpvmg; if we're a copy-on-write scalar, this is the on-write time when
4748 we do the copy, and is also used locally. If C<SV_COW_DROP_PV> is set
4749 then a copy-on-write scalar drops its PV buffer (if any) and becomes
4750 SvPOK_off rather than making a copy. (Used where this
4751 scalar is about to be set to some other value.) In addition,
4752 the C<flags> parameter gets passed to C<sv_unref_flags()>
4753 when unreffing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function
4754 with flags set to 0.
4760 Perl_sv_force_normal_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const U32 flags)
4764 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_FORCE_NORMAL_FLAGS;
4766 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4767 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
4769 const char * const pvx = SvPVX_const(sv);
4770 const STRLEN len = SvLEN(sv);
4771 const STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sv);
4772 /* next COW sv in the loop. If len is 0 then this is a shared-hash
4773 key scalar, so we mustn't attempt to call SV_COW_NEXT_SV(), as
4774 we'll fail an assertion. */
4775 SV * const next = len ? SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sv) : 0;
4778 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4779 "Copy on write: Force normal %ld\n",
4785 /* This SV doesn't own the buffer, so need to Newx() a new one: */
4788 if (flags & SV_COW_DROP_PV) {
4789 /* OK, so we don't need to copy our buffer. */
4792 SvGROW(sv, cur + 1);
4793 Move(pvx,SvPVX(sv),cur,char);
4798 sv_release_COW(sv, pvx, next);
4800 unshare_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(pvx));
4806 else if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME)
4807 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
4810 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
4812 const char * const pvx = SvPVX_const(sv);
4813 const STRLEN len = SvCUR(sv);
4818 if (flags & SV_COW_DROP_PV) {
4819 /* OK, so we don't need to copy our buffer. */
4822 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4823 Move(pvx,SvPVX(sv),len,char);
4826 unshare_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(pvx));
4828 else if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME)
4829 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
4833 sv_unref_flags(sv, flags);
4834 else if (SvFAKE(sv) && isGV_with_GP(sv))
4835 sv_unglob(sv, flags);
4836 else if (SvFAKE(sv) && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_REGEXP) {
4837 /* Need to downgrade the REGEXP to a simple(r) scalar. This is analogous
4838 to sv_unglob. We only need it here, so inline it. */
4839 const svtype new_type = SvMAGIC(sv) || SvSTASH(sv) ? SVt_PVMG : SVt_PV;
4840 SV *const temp = newSV_type(new_type);
4841 void *const temp_p = SvANY(sv);
4843 if (new_type == SVt_PVMG) {
4844 SvMAGIC_set(temp, SvMAGIC(sv));
4845 SvMAGIC_set(sv, NULL);
4846 SvSTASH_set(temp, SvSTASH(sv));
4847 SvSTASH_set(sv, NULL);
4849 SvCUR_set(temp, SvCUR(sv));
4850 /* Remember that SvPVX is in the head, not the body. */
4852 SvLEN_set(temp, SvLEN(sv));
4853 /* This signals "buffer is owned by someone else" in sv_clear,
4854 which is the least effort way to stop it freeing the buffer.
4856 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv)+1);
4858 /* Their buffer is already owned by someone else. */
4859 SvPVX(sv) = savepvn(SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv));
4860 SvLEN_set(temp, SvCUR(sv)+1);
4863 /* Now swap the rest of the bodies. */
4865 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_FAKE|SVTYPEMASK);
4866 SvFLAGS(sv) |= new_type;
4867 SvANY(sv) = SvANY(temp);
4869 SvFLAGS(temp) &= ~(SVTYPEMASK);
4870 SvFLAGS(temp) |= SVt_REGEXP|SVf_FAKE;
4871 SvANY(temp) = temp_p;
4880 Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
4881 SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
4882 the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
4883 string. Uses the "OOK hack".
4885 Beware: after this function returns, C<ptr> and SvPVX_const(sv) may no longer
4886 refer to the same chunk of data.
4888 The unfortunate similarity of this function's name to that of Perl's C<chop>
4889 operator is strictly coincidental. This function works from the left;
4890 C<chop> works from the right.
4896 Perl_sv_chop(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr)
4907 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CHOP;
4909 if (!ptr || !SvPOKp(sv))
4911 delta = ptr - SvPVX_const(sv);
4913 /* Nothing to do. */
4916 max_delta = SvLEN(sv) ? SvLEN(sv) : SvCUR(sv);
4917 if (delta > max_delta)
4918 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_chop ptr=%p, start=%p, end=%p",
4919 ptr, SvPVX_const(sv), SvPVX_const(sv) + max_delta);
4920 /* SvPVX(sv) may move in SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv), so don't use ptr any more */
4921 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv);
4924 if (!SvLEN(sv)) { /* make copy of shared string */
4925 const char *pvx = SvPVX_const(sv);
4926 const STRLEN len = SvCUR(sv);
4927 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4928 Move(pvx,SvPVX(sv),len,char);
4934 SvOOK_offset(sv, old_delta);
4936 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv) - delta);
4937 SvCUR_set(sv, SvCUR(sv) - delta);
4938 SvPV_set(sv, SvPVX(sv) + delta);
4940 p = (U8 *)SvPVX_const(sv);
4943 /* how many bytes were evacuated? we will fill them with sentinel
4944 bytes, except for the part holding the new offset of course. */
4947 evacn += (old_delta < 0x100 ? 1 : 1 + sizeof(STRLEN));
4949 assert(evacn <= delta + old_delta);
4955 if (delta < 0x100) {
4959 p -= sizeof(STRLEN);
4960 Copy((U8*)&delta, p, sizeof(STRLEN), U8);
4964 /* Fill the preceding buffer with sentinals to verify that no-one is
4974 =for apidoc sv_catpvn
4976 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
4977 C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF-8
4978 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF-8.
4979 Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
4981 =for apidoc sv_catpvn_flags
4983 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
4984 C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF-8
4985 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF-8.
4986 If C<flags> has the C<SV_SMAGIC> bit set, will
4987 C<mg_set> on C<dsv> afterwards if appropriate.
4988 C<sv_catpvn> and C<sv_catpvn_nomg> are implemented
4989 in terms of this function.
4995 Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const dsv, register const char *sstr, register const STRLEN slen, const I32 flags)
4999 const char * const dstr = SvPV_force_flags(dsv, dlen, flags);
5001 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVN_FLAGS;
5002 assert((flags & (SV_CATBYTES|SV_CATUTF8)) != (SV_CATBYTES|SV_CATUTF8));
5004 if (!(flags & SV_CATBYTES) || !SvUTF8(dsv)) {
5005 if (flags & SV_CATUTF8 && !SvUTF8(dsv)) {
5006 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(dsv, 0, slen + 1);
5009 else SvGROW(dsv, dlen + slen + 1);
5011 sstr = SvPVX_const(dsv);
5012 Move(sstr, SvPVX(dsv) + dlen, slen, char);
5013 SvCUR_set(dsv, SvCUR(dsv) + slen);
5016 /* We inline bytes_to_utf8, to avoid an extra malloc. */
5017 const char * const send = sstr + slen;
5020 /* Something this code does not account for, which I think is
5021 impossible; it would require the same pv to be treated as
5022 bytes *and* utf8, which would indicate a bug elsewhere. */
5023 assert(sstr != dstr);
5025 SvGROW(dsv, dlen + slen * 2 + 1);
5026 d = (U8 *)SvPVX(dsv) + dlen;
5028 while (sstr < send) {
5029 const UV uv = NATIVE_TO_ASCII((U8)*sstr++);
5030 if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv))
5031 *d++ = (U8)UTF_TO_NATIVE(uv);
5033 *d++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(uv);
5034 *d++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(uv);
5037 SvCUR_set(dsv, d-(const U8 *)SvPVX(dsv));
5040 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(dsv); /* validate pointer */
5042 if (flags & SV_SMAGIC)
5047 =for apidoc sv_catsv
5049 Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
5050 SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. Handles 'get' magic, but
5051 not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catsv_mg>.
5053 =for apidoc sv_catsv_flags
5055 Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
5056 SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC>
5057 bit set, will C<mg_get> on the C<ssv>, if appropriate, before
5058 reading it. If the C<flags> contain C<SV_SMAGIC>, C<mg_set> will be
5059 called on the modified SV afterward, if appropriate. C<sv_catsv>
5060 and C<sv_catsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
5065 Perl_sv_catsv_flags(pTHX_ SV *const dsv, register SV *const ssv, const I32 flags)
5069 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATSV_FLAGS;
5073 const char *spv = SvPV_flags_const(ssv, slen, flags);
5075 if (SvGMAGICAL(dsv) && (flags & SV_GMAGIC))
5077 sv_catpvn_flags(dsv, spv, slen,
5078 DO_UTF8(ssv) ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES);
5081 if (flags & SV_SMAGIC)
5086 =for apidoc sv_catpv
5088 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
5089 If the SV has the UTF-8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
5090 valid UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
5095 Perl_sv_catpv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *ptr)
5098 register STRLEN len;
5102 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPV;
5106 junk = SvPV_force(sv, tlen);
5108 SvGROW(sv, tlen + len + 1);
5110 ptr = SvPVX_const(sv);
5111 Move(ptr,SvPVX(sv)+tlen,len+1,char);
5112 SvCUR_set(sv, SvCUR(sv) + len);
5113 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
5118 =for apidoc sv_catpv_flags
5120 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
5121 If the SV has the UTF-8 status set, then the bytes appended should
5122 be valid UTF-8. If C<flags> has the C<SV_SMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_set>
5123 on the modified SV if appropriate.
5129 Perl_sv_catpv_flags(pTHX_ SV *dstr, const char *sstr, const I32 flags)
5131 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPV_FLAGS;
5132 sv_catpvn_flags(dstr, sstr, strlen(sstr), flags);
5136 =for apidoc sv_catpv_mg
5138 Like C<sv_catpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
5144 Perl_sv_catpv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr)
5146 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPV_MG;
5155 Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
5156 bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
5157 trailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
5158 space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
5160 In 5.9.3, newSV() replaces the older NEWSV() API, and drops the first
5161 parameter, I<x>, a debug aid which allowed callers to identify themselves.
5162 This aid has been superseded by a new build option, PERL_MEM_LOG (see
5163 L<perlhacktips/PERL_MEM_LOG>). The older API is still there for use in XS
5164 modules supporting older perls.
5170 Perl_newSV(pTHX_ const STRLEN len)
5177 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
5178 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
5183 =for apidoc sv_magicext
5185 Adds magic to an SV, upgrading it if necessary. Applies the
5186 supplied vtable and returns a pointer to the magic added.
5188 Note that C<sv_magicext> will allow things that C<sv_magic> will not.
5189 In particular, you can add magic to SvREADONLY SVs, and add more than
5190 one instance of the same 'how'.
5192 If C<namlen> is greater than zero then a C<savepvn> I<copy> of C<name> is
5193 stored, if C<namlen> is zero then C<name> is stored as-is and - as another
5194 special case - if C<(name && namlen == HEf_SVKEY)> then C<name> is assumed
5195 to contain an C<SV*> and is stored as-is with its REFCNT incremented.
5197 (This is now used as a subroutine by C<sv_magic>.)
5202 Perl_sv_magicext(pTHX_ SV *const sv, SV *const obj, const int how,
5203 const MGVTBL *const vtable, const char *const name, const I32 namlen)
5208 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_MAGICEXT;
5210 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVMG);
5211 Newxz(mg, 1, MAGIC);
5212 mg->mg_moremagic = SvMAGIC(sv);
5213 SvMAGIC_set(sv, mg);
5215 /* Sometimes a magic contains a reference loop, where the sv and
5216 object refer to each other. To prevent a reference loop that
5217 would prevent such objects being freed, we look for such loops
5218 and if we find one we avoid incrementing the object refcount.
5220 Note we cannot do this to avoid self-tie loops as intervening RV must
5221 have its REFCNT incremented to keep it in existence.
5224 if (!obj || obj == sv ||
5225 how == PERL_MAGIC_arylen ||
5226 how == PERL_MAGIC_symtab ||
5227 (SvTYPE(obj) == SVt_PVGV &&
5228 (GvSV(obj) == sv || GvHV(obj) == (const HV *)sv
5229 || GvAV(obj) == (const AV *)sv || GvCV(obj) == (const CV *)sv
5230 || GvIOp(obj) == (const IO *)sv || GvFORM(obj) == (const CV *)sv)))
5235 mg->mg_obj = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(obj);
5236 mg->mg_flags |= MGf_REFCOUNTED;
5239 /* Normal self-ties simply pass a null object, and instead of
5240 using mg_obj directly, use the SvTIED_obj macro to produce a
5241 new RV as needed. For glob "self-ties", we are tieing the PVIO
5242 with an RV obj pointing to the glob containing the PVIO. In
5243 this case, to avoid a reference loop, we need to weaken the
5247 if (how == PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO &&
5248 obj && SvROK(obj) && GvIO(SvRV(obj)) == (const IO *)sv)
5254 mg->mg_len = namlen;
5257 mg->mg_ptr = savepvn(name, namlen);
5258 else if (namlen == HEf_SVKEY) {
5259 /* Yes, this is casting away const. This is only for the case of
5260 HEf_SVKEY. I think we need to document this aberation of the
5261 constness of the API, rather than making name non-const, as
5262 that change propagating outwards a long way. */
5263 mg->mg_ptr = (char*)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN((SV *)name);
5265 mg->mg_ptr = (char *) name;
5267 mg->mg_virtual = (MGVTBL *) vtable;
5271 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVf_POK);
5276 =for apidoc sv_magic
5278 Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if
5279 necessary, then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the
5282 See C<sv_magicext> (which C<sv_magic> now calls) for a description of the
5283 handling of the C<name> and C<namlen> arguments.
5285 You need to use C<sv_magicext> to add magic to SvREADONLY SVs and also
5286 to add more than one instance of the same 'how'.
5292 Perl_sv_magic(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, SV *const obj, const int how,
5293 const char *const name, const I32 namlen)
5296 const MGVTBL *vtable;
5299 unsigned int vtable_index;
5301 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_MAGIC;
5303 if (how < 0 || (unsigned)how > C_ARRAY_LENGTH(PL_magic_data)
5304 || ((flags = PL_magic_data[how]),
5305 (vtable_index = flags & PERL_MAGIC_VTABLE_MASK)
5306 > magic_vtable_max))
5307 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Don't know how to handle magic of type \\%o", how);
5309 /* PERL_MAGIC_ext is reserved for use by extensions not perl internals.
5310 Useful for attaching extension internal data to perl vars.
5311 Note that multiple extensions may clash if magical scalars
5312 etc holding private data from one are passed to another. */
5314 vtable = (vtable_index == magic_vtable_max)
5315 ? NULL : PL_magic_vtables + vtable_index;
5317 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
5319 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
5321 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
5323 /* its okay to attach magic to shared strings */
5327 && !PERL_MAGIC_TYPE_READONLY_ACCEPTABLE(how)
5330 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
5333 if (SvMAGICAL(sv) || (how == PERL_MAGIC_taint && SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG)) {
5334 if (SvMAGIC(sv) && (mg = mg_find(sv, how))) {
5335 /* sv_magic() refuses to add a magic of the same 'how' as an
5338 if (how == PERL_MAGIC_taint) {
5340 /* Any scalar which already had taint magic on which someone
5341 (erroneously?) did SvIOK_on() or similar will now be
5342 incorrectly sporting public "OK" flags. */
5343 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVf_POK);
5349 /* Rest of work is done else where */
5350 mg = sv_magicext(sv,obj,how,vtable,name,namlen);
5353 case PERL_MAGIC_taint:
5356 case PERL_MAGIC_ext:
5357 case PERL_MAGIC_dbfile:
5364 S_sv_unmagicext_flags(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const int type, MGVTBL *vtbl, const U32 flags)
5371 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG || !SvMAGIC(sv))
5373 mgp = &(((XPVMG*) SvANY(sv))->xmg_u.xmg_magic);
5374 for (mg = *mgp; mg; mg = *mgp) {
5375 const MGVTBL* const virt = mg->mg_virtual;
5376 if (mg->mg_type == type && (!flags || virt == vtbl)) {
5377 *mgp = mg->mg_moremagic;
5378 if (virt && virt->svt_free)
5379 virt->svt_free(aTHX_ sv, mg);
5380 if (mg->mg_ptr && mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_regex_global) {
5382 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
5383 else if (mg->mg_len == HEf_SVKEY)
5384 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(mg->mg_ptr));
5385 else if (mg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_utf8)
5386 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
5388 if (mg->mg_flags & MGf_REFCOUNTED)
5389 SvREFCNT_dec(mg->mg_obj);
5393 mgp = &mg->mg_moremagic;
5396 if (SvMAGICAL(sv)) /* if we're under save_magic, wait for restore_magic; */
5397 mg_magical(sv); /* else fix the flags now */
5401 SvFLAGS(sv) |= (SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVp_IOK|SVp_NOK|SVp_POK)) >> PRIVSHIFT;
5407 =for apidoc sv_unmagic
5409 Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
5415 Perl_sv_unmagic(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const int type)
5417 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UNMAGIC;
5418 return S_sv_unmagicext_flags(aTHX_ sv, type, NULL, 0);
5422 =for apidoc sv_unmagicext
5424 Removes all magic of type C<type> with the specified C<vtbl> from an SV.
5430 Perl_sv_unmagicext(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const int type, MGVTBL *vtbl)
5432 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UNMAGICEXT;
5433 return S_sv_unmagicext_flags(aTHX_ sv, type, vtbl, 1);
5437 =for apidoc sv_rvweaken
5439 Weaken a reference: set the C<SvWEAKREF> flag on this RV; give the
5440 referred-to SV C<PERL_MAGIC_backref> magic if it hasn't already; and
5441 push a back-reference to this RV onto the array of backreferences
5442 associated with that magic. If the RV is magical, set magic will be
5443 called after the RV is cleared.
5449 Perl_sv_rvweaken(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
5453 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_RVWEAKEN;
5455 if (!SvOK(sv)) /* let undefs pass */
5458 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't weaken a nonreference");
5459 else if (SvWEAKREF(sv)) {
5460 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Reference is already weak");
5463 else if (SvREADONLY(sv)) croak_no_modify();
5465 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ tsv, sv);
5471 /* Give tsv backref magic if it hasn't already got it, then push a
5472 * back-reference to sv onto the array associated with the backref magic.
5474 * As an optimisation, if there's only one backref and it's not an AV,
5475 * store it directly in the HvAUX or mg_obj slot, avoiding the need to
5476 * allocate an AV. (Whether the slot holds an AV tells us whether this is
5480 /* A discussion about the backreferences array and its refcount:
5482 * The AV holding the backreferences is pointed to either as the mg_obj of
5483 * PERL_MAGIC_backref, or in the specific case of a HV, from the
5484 * xhv_backreferences field. The array is created with a refcount
5485 * of 2. This means that if during global destruction the array gets
5486 * picked on before its parent to have its refcount decremented by the
5487 * random zapper, it won't actually be freed, meaning it's still there for
5488 * when its parent gets freed.
5490 * When the parent SV is freed, the extra ref is killed by
5491 * Perl_sv_kill_backrefs. The other ref is killed, in the case of magic,
5492 * by mg_free() / MGf_REFCOUNTED, or for a hash, by Perl_hv_kill_backrefs.
5494 * When a single backref SV is stored directly, it is not reference
5499 Perl_sv_add_backref(pTHX_ SV *const tsv, SV *const sv)
5506 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_ADD_BACKREF;
5508 /* find slot to store array or singleton backref */
5510 if (SvTYPE(tsv) == SVt_PVHV) {
5511 svp = (SV**)Perl_hv_backreferences_p(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(tsv));
5514 (SvMAGICAL(tsv) ? mg_find(tsv, PERL_MAGIC_backref) : NULL))))
5516 sv_magic(tsv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_backref, NULL, 0);
5517 mg = mg_find(tsv, PERL_MAGIC_backref);
5519 svp = &(mg->mg_obj);
5522 /* create or retrieve the array */
5524 if ( (!*svp && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV)
5525 || (*svp && SvTYPE(*svp) != SVt_PVAV)
5530 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(av);
5531 /* av now has a refcnt of 2; see discussion above */
5533 /* move single existing backref to the array */
5535 AvARRAY(av)[++AvFILLp(av)] = *svp; /* av_push() */
5539 mg->mg_flags |= MGf_REFCOUNTED;
5542 av = MUTABLE_AV(*svp);
5545 /* optimisation: store single backref directly in HvAUX or mg_obj */
5549 /* push new backref */
5550 assert(SvTYPE(av) == SVt_PVAV);
5551 if (AvFILLp(av) >= AvMAX(av)) {
5552 av_extend(av, AvFILLp(av)+1);
5554 AvARRAY(av)[++AvFILLp(av)] = sv; /* av_push() */
5557 /* delete a back-reference to ourselves from the backref magic associated
5558 * with the SV we point to.
5562 Perl_sv_del_backref(pTHX_ SV *const tsv, SV *const sv)
5567 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DEL_BACKREF;
5569 if (SvTYPE(tsv) == SVt_PVHV) {
5571 svp = (SV**)Perl_hv_backreferences_p(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(tsv));
5573 else if (SvIS_FREED(tsv) && PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) {
5574 /* It's possible for the the last (strong) reference to tsv to have
5575 become freed *before* the last thing holding a weak reference.
5576 If both survive longer than the backreferences array, then when
5577 the referent's reference count drops to 0 and it is freed, it's
5578 not able to chase the backreferences, so they aren't NULLed.
5580 For example, a CV holds a weak reference to its stash. If both the
5581 CV and the stash survive longer than the backreferences array,
5582 and the CV gets picked for the SvBREAK() treatment first,
5583 *and* it turns out that the stash is only being kept alive because
5584 of an our variable in the pad of the CV, then midway during CV
5585 destruction the stash gets freed, but CvSTASH() isn't set to NULL.
5586 It ends up pointing to the freed HV. Hence it's chased in here, and
5587 if this block wasn't here, it would hit the !svp panic just below.
5589 I don't believe that "better" destruction ordering is going to help
5590 here - during global destruction there's always going to be the
5591 chance that something goes out of order. We've tried to make it
5592 foolproof before, and it only resulted in evolutionary pressure on
5593 fools. Which made us look foolish for our hubris. :-(
5599 = SvMAGICAL(tsv) ? mg_find(tsv, PERL_MAGIC_backref) : NULL;
5600 svp = mg ? &(mg->mg_obj) : NULL;
5604 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: del_backref, svp=0");
5606 /* It's possible that sv is being freed recursively part way through the
5607 freeing of tsv. If this happens, the backreferences array of tsv has
5608 already been freed, and so svp will be NULL. If this is the case,
5609 we should not panic. Instead, nothing needs doing, so return. */
5610 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT && SvREFCNT(tsv) == 0)
5612 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: del_backref, *svp=%p phase=%s refcnt=%" UVuf,
5613 *svp, PL_phase_names[PL_phase], (UV)SvREFCNT(tsv));
5616 if (SvTYPE(*svp) == SVt_PVAV) {
5620 AV * const av = (AV*)*svp;
5622 assert(!SvIS_FREED(av));
5626 /* for an SV with N weak references to it, if all those
5627 * weak refs are deleted, then sv_del_backref will be called
5628 * N times and O(N^2) compares will be done within the backref
5629 * array. To ameliorate this potential slowness, we:
5630 * 1) make sure this code is as tight as possible;
5631 * 2) when looking for SV, look for it at both the head and tail of the
5632 * array first before searching the rest, since some create/destroy
5633 * patterns will cause the backrefs to be freed in order.
5640 SV **p = &svp[fill];
5641 SV *const topsv = *p;
5648 /* We weren't the last entry.
5649 An unordered list has this property that you
5650 can take the last element off the end to fill
5651 the hole, and it's still an unordered list :-)
5657 break; /* should only be one */
5664 AvFILLp(av) = fill-1;
5666 else if (SvIS_FREED(*svp) && PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) {
5667 /* freed AV; skip */
5670 /* optimisation: only a single backref, stored directly */
5672 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: del_backref, *svp=%p, sv=%p", *svp, sv);
5679 Perl_sv_kill_backrefs(pTHX_ SV *const sv, AV *const av)
5685 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_KILL_BACKREFS;
5690 /* after multiple passes through Perl_sv_clean_all() for a thinngy
5691 * that has badly leaked, the backref array may have gotten freed,
5692 * since we only protect it against 1 round of cleanup */
5693 if (SvIS_FREED(av)) {
5694 if (PL_in_clean_all) /* All is fair */
5697 "panic: magic_killbackrefs (freed backref AV/SV)");
5701 is_array = (SvTYPE(av) == SVt_PVAV);
5703 assert(!SvIS_FREED(av));
5706 last = svp + AvFILLp(av);
5709 /* optimisation: only a single backref, stored directly */
5715 while (svp <= last) {
5717 SV *const referrer = *svp;
5718 if (SvWEAKREF(referrer)) {
5719 /* XXX Should we check that it hasn't changed? */
5720 assert(SvROK(referrer));
5721 SvRV_set(referrer, 0);
5723 SvWEAKREF_off(referrer);
5724 SvSETMAGIC(referrer);
5725 } else if (SvTYPE(referrer) == SVt_PVGV ||
5726 SvTYPE(referrer) == SVt_PVLV) {
5727 assert(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV); /* stash backref */
5728 /* You lookin' at me? */
5729 assert(GvSTASH(referrer));
5730 assert(GvSTASH(referrer) == (const HV *)sv);
5731 GvSTASH(referrer) = 0;
5732 } else if (SvTYPE(referrer) == SVt_PVCV ||
5733 SvTYPE(referrer) == SVt_PVFM) {
5734 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV) { /* stash backref */
5735 /* You lookin' at me? */
5736 assert(CvSTASH(referrer));
5737 assert(CvSTASH(referrer) == (const HV *)sv);
5738 SvANY(MUTABLE_CV(referrer))->xcv_stash = 0;
5741 assert(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV);
5742 /* You lookin' at me? */
5743 assert(CvGV(referrer));
5744 assert(CvGV(referrer) == (const GV *)sv);
5745 anonymise_cv_maybe(MUTABLE_GV(sv),
5746 MUTABLE_CV(referrer));
5751 "panic: magic_killbackrefs (flags=%"UVxf")",
5752 (UV)SvFLAGS(referrer));
5763 SvREFCNT_dec(av); /* remove extra count added by sv_add_backref() */
5769 =for apidoc sv_insert
5771 Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
5772 the Perl substr() function. Handles get magic.
5774 =for apidoc sv_insert_flags
5776 Same as C<sv_insert>, but the extra C<flags> are passed to the
5777 C<SvPV_force_flags> that applies to C<bigstr>.
5783 Perl_sv_insert_flags(pTHX_ SV *const bigstr, const STRLEN offset, const STRLEN len, const char *const little, const STRLEN littlelen, const U32 flags)
5788 register char *midend;
5789 register char *bigend;
5790 register SSize_t i; /* better be sizeof(STRLEN) or bad things happen */
5793 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_INSERT_FLAGS;
5796 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't modify nonexistent substring");
5797 SvPV_force_flags(bigstr, curlen, flags);
5798 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(bigstr);
5799 if (offset + len > curlen) {
5800 SvGROW(bigstr, offset+len+1);
5801 Zero(SvPVX(bigstr)+curlen, offset+len-curlen, char);
5802 SvCUR_set(bigstr, offset+len);
5806 i = littlelen - len;
5807 if (i > 0) { /* string might grow */
5808 big = SvGROW(bigstr, SvCUR(bigstr) + i + 1);
5809 mid = big + offset + len;
5810 midend = bigend = big + SvCUR(bigstr);
5813 while (midend > mid) /* shove everything down */
5814 *--bigend = *--midend;
5815 Move(little,big+offset,littlelen,char);
5816 SvCUR_set(bigstr, SvCUR(bigstr) + i);
5821 Move(little,SvPVX(bigstr)+offset,len,char);
5826 big = SvPVX(bigstr);
5829 bigend = big + SvCUR(bigstr);
5831 if (midend > bigend)
5832 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p",
5835 if (mid - big > bigend - midend) { /* faster to shorten from end */
5837 Move(little, mid, littlelen,char);
5840 i = bigend - midend;
5842 Move(midend, mid, i,char);
5846 SvCUR_set(bigstr, mid - big);
5848 else if ((i = mid - big)) { /* faster from front */
5849 midend -= littlelen;
5851 Move(big, midend - i, i, char);
5852 sv_chop(bigstr,midend-i);
5854 Move(little, mid, littlelen,char);
5856 else if (littlelen) {
5857 midend -= littlelen;
5858 sv_chop(bigstr,midend);
5859 Move(little,midend,littlelen,char);
5862 sv_chop(bigstr,midend);
5868 =for apidoc sv_replace
5870 Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
5871 The target SV physically takes over ownership of the body of the source SV
5872 and inherits its flags; however, the target keeps any magic it owns,
5873 and any magic in the source is discarded.
5874 Note that this is a rather specialist SV copying operation; most of the
5875 time you'll want to use C<sv_setsv> or one of its many macro front-ends.
5881 Perl_sv_replace(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register SV *const nsv)
5884 const U32 refcnt = SvREFCNT(sv);
5886 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_REPLACE;
5888 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
5889 if (SvREFCNT(nsv) != 1) {
5890 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace()"
5891 " (%" UVuf " != 1)", (UV) SvREFCNT(nsv));
5893 if (SvMAGICAL(sv)) {
5897 sv_upgrade(nsv, SVt_PVMG);
5898 SvMAGIC_set(nsv, SvMAGIC(sv));
5899 SvFLAGS(nsv) |= SvMAGICAL(sv);
5901 SvMAGIC_set(sv, NULL);
5905 assert(!SvREFCNT(sv));
5906 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
5907 sv->sv_flags = nsv->sv_flags;
5908 sv->sv_any = nsv->sv_any;
5909 sv->sv_refcnt = nsv->sv_refcnt;
5910 sv->sv_u = nsv->sv_u;
5912 StructCopy(nsv,sv,SV);
5914 if(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_IV) {
5916 = (XPVIV*)((char*)&(sv->sv_u.svu_iv) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
5920 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
5921 if (SvIsCOW_normal(nsv)) {
5922 /* We need to follow the pointers around the loop to make the
5923 previous SV point to sv, rather than nsv. */
5926 while ((next = SV_COW_NEXT_SV(current)) != nsv) {
5929 assert(SvPVX_const(current) == SvPVX_const(nsv));
5931 /* Make the SV before us point to the SV after us. */
5933 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "previous is\n");
5935 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
5936 "move it from 0x%"UVxf" to 0x%"UVxf"\n",
5937 (UV) SV_COW_NEXT_SV(current), (UV) sv);
5939 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(current, sv);
5942 SvREFCNT(sv) = refcnt;
5943 SvFLAGS(nsv) |= SVTYPEMASK; /* Mark as freed */
5948 /* We're about to free a GV which has a CV that refers back to us.
5949 * If that CV will outlive us, make it anonymous (i.e. fix up its CvGV
5953 S_anonymise_cv_maybe(pTHX_ GV *gv, CV* cv)
5958 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ANONYMISE_CV_MAYBE;
5961 assert(SvREFCNT(gv) == 0);
5962 assert(isGV(gv) && isGV_with_GP(gv));
5964 assert(!CvANON(cv));
5965 assert(CvGV(cv) == gv);
5967 /* will the CV shortly be freed by gp_free() ? */
5968 if (GvCV(gv) == cv && GvGP(gv)->gp_refcnt < 2 && SvREFCNT(cv) < 2) {
5969 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv = NULL;
5973 /* if not, anonymise: */
5974 gvname = (GvSTASH(gv) && HvNAME(GvSTASH(gv)) && HvENAME(GvSTASH(gv)))
5975 ? newSVhek(HvENAME_HEK(GvSTASH(gv)))
5976 : newSVpvn_flags( "__ANON__", 8, 0 );
5977 sv_catpvs(gvname, "::__ANON__");
5978 anongv = gv_fetchsv(gvname, GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVCV);
5979 SvREFCNT_dec(gvname);
5983 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv = MUTABLE_GV(SvREFCNT_inc(anongv));
5988 =for apidoc sv_clear
5990 Clear an SV: call any destructors, free up any memory used by the body,
5991 and free the body itself. The SV's head is I<not> freed, although
5992 its type is set to all 1's so that it won't inadvertently be assumed
5993 to be live during global destruction etc.
5994 This function should only be called when REFCNT is zero. Most of the time
5995 you'll want to call C<sv_free()> (or its macro wrapper C<SvREFCNT_dec>)
6002 Perl_sv_clear(pTHX_ SV *const orig_sv)
6007 const struct body_details *sv_type_details;
6010 register SV *sv = orig_sv;
6013 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CLEAR;
6015 /* within this loop, sv is the SV currently being freed, and
6016 * iter_sv is the most recent AV or whatever that's being iterated
6017 * over to provide more SVs */
6023 assert(SvREFCNT(sv) == 0);
6024 assert(SvTYPE(sv) != (svtype)SVTYPEMASK);
6026 if (type <= SVt_IV) {
6027 /* See the comment in sv.h about the collusion between this
6028 * early return and the overloading of the NULL slots in the
6032 SvFLAGS(sv) &= SVf_BREAK;
6033 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVTYPEMASK;
6037 assert(!SvOBJECT(sv) || type >= SVt_PVMG); /* objs are always >= MG */
6039 if (type >= SVt_PVMG) {
6041 if (!curse(sv, 1)) goto get_next_sv;
6042 type = SvTYPE(sv); /* destructor may have changed it */
6044 /* Free back-references before magic, in case the magic calls
6045 * Perl code that has weak references to sv. */
6046 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
6047 Perl_hv_kill_backrefs(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(sv));
6051 else if (type == SVt_PVMG && SvPAD_OUR(sv)) {
6052 SvREFCNT_dec(SvOURSTASH(sv));
6053 } else if (SvMAGIC(sv)) {
6054 /* Free back-references before other types of magic. */
6055 sv_unmagic(sv, PERL_MAGIC_backref);
6059 if (type == SVt_PVMG && SvPAD_TYPED(sv))
6060 SvREFCNT_dec(SvSTASH(sv));
6063 /* case SVt_BIND: */
6066 IoIFP(sv) != PerlIO_stdin() &&
6067 IoIFP(sv) != PerlIO_stdout() &&
6068 IoIFP(sv) != PerlIO_stderr() &&
6069 !(IoFLAGS(sv) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
6071 io_close(MUTABLE_IO(sv), FALSE);
6073 if (IoDIRP(sv) && !(IoFLAGS(sv) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
6074 PerlDir_close(IoDIRP(sv));
6075 IoDIRP(sv) = (DIR*)NULL;
6076 Safefree(IoTOP_NAME(sv));
6077 Safefree(IoFMT_NAME(sv));
6078 Safefree(IoBOTTOM_NAME(sv));
6079 if ((const GV *)sv == PL_statgv)
6083 /* FIXME for plugins */
6084 pregfree2((REGEXP*) sv);
6088 cv_undef(MUTABLE_CV(sv));
6089 /* If we're in a stash, we don't own a reference to it.
6090 * However it does have a back reference to us, which needs to
6092 if ((stash = CvSTASH(sv)))
6093 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(stash), sv);
6096 if (PL_last_swash_hv == (const HV *)sv) {
6097 PL_last_swash_hv = NULL;
6099 if (HvTOTALKEYS((HV*)sv) > 0) {
6101 /* this statement should match the one at the beginning of
6102 * hv_undef_flags() */
6103 if ( PL_phase != PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT
6104 && (name = HvNAME((HV*)sv)))
6107 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, name,
6108 HvNAMEUTF8((HV*)sv) ? -HvNAMELEN_get((HV*)sv) : HvNAMELEN_get((HV*)sv), G_DISCARD);
6109 hv_name_set((HV*)sv, NULL, 0, 0);
6112 /* save old iter_sv in unused SvSTASH field */
6113 assert(!SvOBJECT(sv));
6114 SvSTASH(sv) = (HV*)iter_sv;
6117 /* save old hash_index in unused SvMAGIC field */
6118 assert(!SvMAGICAL(sv));
6119 assert(!SvMAGIC(sv));
6120 ((XPVMG*) SvANY(sv))->xmg_u.xmg_hash_index = hash_index;
6123 next_sv = Perl_hfree_next_entry(aTHX_ (HV*)sv, &hash_index);
6124 goto get_next_sv; /* process this new sv */
6126 /* free empty hash */
6127 Perl_hv_undef_flags(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(sv), HV_NAME_SETALL);
6128 assert(!HvARRAY((HV*)sv));
6132 AV* av = MUTABLE_AV(sv);
6133 if (PL_comppad == av) {
6137 if (AvREAL(av) && AvFILLp(av) > -1) {
6138 next_sv = AvARRAY(av)[AvFILLp(av)--];
6139 /* save old iter_sv in top-most slot of AV,
6140 * and pray that it doesn't get wiped in the meantime */
6141 AvARRAY(av)[AvMAX(av)] = iter_sv;
6143 goto get_next_sv; /* process this new sv */
6145 Safefree(AvALLOC(av));
6150 if (LvTYPE(sv) == 'T') { /* for tie: return HE to pool */
6151 SvREFCNT_dec(HeKEY_sv((HE*)LvTARG(sv)));
6152 HeNEXT((HE*)LvTARG(sv)) = PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh;
6153 PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh = (HE*)LvTARG(sv);
6155 else if (LvTYPE(sv) != 't') /* unless tie: unrefcnted fake SV** */
6156 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(sv));
6158 if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
6159 if(GvCVu((const GV *)sv) && (stash = GvSTASH(MUTABLE_GV(sv)))
6160 && HvENAME_get(stash))
6161 mro_method_changed_in(stash);
6162 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
6164 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(sv));
6165 /* If we're in a stash, we don't own a reference to it.
6166 * However it does have a back reference to us, which
6167 * needs to be cleared. */
6168 if (!SvVALID(sv) && (stash = GvSTASH(sv)))
6169 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(stash), sv);
6171 /* FIXME. There are probably more unreferenced pointers to SVs
6172 * in the interpreter struct that we should check and tidy in
6173 * a similar fashion to this: */
6174 /* See also S_sv_unglob, which does the same thing. */
6175 if ((const GV *)sv == PL_last_in_gv)
6176 PL_last_in_gv = NULL;
6177 else if ((const GV *)sv == PL_statgv)
6184 /* Don't bother with SvOOK_off(sv); as we're only going to
6188 SvOOK_offset(sv, offset);
6189 SvPV_set(sv, SvPVX_mutable(sv) - offset);
6190 /* Don't even bother with turning off the OOK flag. */
6195 SV * const target = SvRV(sv);
6197 sv_del_backref(target, sv);
6202 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
6203 else if (SvPVX_const(sv)
6204 && !(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO
6205 && !(IoFLAGS(sv) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP)))
6209 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Copy on write: clear\n");
6213 sv_release_COW(sv, SvPVX_const(sv), SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sv));
6215 unshare_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sv)));
6219 } else if (SvLEN(sv)) {
6220 Safefree(SvPVX_const(sv));
6224 else if (SvPVX_const(sv) && SvLEN(sv)
6225 && !(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO
6226 && !(IoFLAGS(sv) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP)))
6227 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(sv));
6228 else if (SvPVX_const(sv) && SvIsCOW(sv)) {
6229 unshare_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sv)));
6240 SvFLAGS(sv) &= SVf_BREAK;
6241 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVTYPEMASK;
6243 sv_type_details = bodies_by_type + type;
6244 if (sv_type_details->arena) {
6245 del_body(((char *)SvANY(sv) + sv_type_details->offset),
6246 &PL_body_roots[type]);
6248 else if (sv_type_details->body_size) {
6249 safefree(SvANY(sv));
6253 /* caller is responsible for freeing the head of the original sv */
6254 if (sv != orig_sv && !SvREFCNT(sv))
6257 /* grab and free next sv, if any */
6265 else if (!iter_sv) {
6267 } else if (SvTYPE(iter_sv) == SVt_PVAV) {
6268 AV *const av = (AV*)iter_sv;
6269 if (AvFILLp(av) > -1) {
6270 sv = AvARRAY(av)[AvFILLp(av)--];
6272 else { /* no more elements of current AV to free */
6275 /* restore previous value, squirrelled away */
6276 iter_sv = AvARRAY(av)[AvMAX(av)];
6277 Safefree(AvALLOC(av));
6280 } else if (SvTYPE(iter_sv) == SVt_PVHV) {
6281 sv = Perl_hfree_next_entry(aTHX_ (HV*)iter_sv, &hash_index);
6282 if (!sv && !HvTOTALKEYS((HV *)iter_sv)) {
6283 /* no more elements of current HV to free */
6286 /* Restore previous values of iter_sv and hash_index,
6287 * squirrelled away */
6288 assert(!SvOBJECT(sv));
6289 iter_sv = (SV*)SvSTASH(sv);
6290 assert(!SvMAGICAL(sv));
6291 hash_index = ((XPVMG*) SvANY(sv))->xmg_u.xmg_hash_index;
6293 /* free any remaining detritus from the hash struct */
6294 Perl_hv_undef_flags(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(sv), HV_NAME_SETALL);
6295 assert(!HvARRAY((HV*)sv));
6300 /* unrolled SvREFCNT_dec and sv_free2 follows: */
6304 if (!SvREFCNT(sv)) {
6308 if (--(SvREFCNT(sv)))
6312 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING),
6313 "Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%"UVxf
6314 pTHX__FORMAT, PTR2UV(sv) pTHX__VALUE);
6318 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvIMMORTAL(sv)) {
6319 /* make sure SvREFCNT(sv)==0 happens very seldom */
6320 SvREFCNT(sv) = (~(U32)0)/2;
6329 /* This routine curses the sv itself, not the object referenced by sv. So
6330 sv does not have to be ROK. */
6333 S_curse(pTHX_ SV * const sv, const bool check_refcnt) {
6336 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CURSE;
6337 assert(SvOBJECT(sv));
6339 if (PL_defstash && /* Still have a symbol table? */
6346 stash = SvSTASH(sv);
6347 destructor = StashHANDLER(stash,DESTROY);
6349 /* A constant subroutine can have no side effects, so
6350 don't bother calling it. */
6351 && !CvCONST(destructor)
6352 /* Don't bother calling an empty destructor or one that
6353 returns immediately. */
6354 && (CvISXSUB(destructor)
6355 || (CvSTART(destructor)
6356 && (CvSTART(destructor)->op_next->op_type
6358 && (CvSTART(destructor)->op_next->op_type
6360 || CvSTART(destructor)->op_next->op_next->op_type
6366 SV* const tmpref = newRV(sv);
6367 SvREADONLY_on(tmpref); /* DESTROY() could be naughty */
6369 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_DESTROY);
6374 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(destructor),
6375 G_DISCARD|G_EVAL|G_KEEPERR|G_VOID);
6379 if(SvREFCNT(tmpref) < 2) {
6380 /* tmpref is not kept alive! */
6382 SvRV_set(tmpref, NULL);
6385 SvREFCNT_dec(tmpref);
6387 } while (SvOBJECT(sv) && SvSTASH(sv) != stash);
6390 if (check_refcnt && SvREFCNT(sv)) {
6391 if (PL_in_clean_objs)
6393 "DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%"HEKf"'",
6394 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
6395 /* DESTROY gave object new lease on life */
6401 SvREFCNT_dec(SvSTASH(sv)); /* possibly of changed persuasion */
6402 SvOBJECT_off(sv); /* Curse the object. */
6403 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVIO)
6404 --PL_sv_objcount;/* XXX Might want something more general */
6410 =for apidoc sv_newref
6412 Increment an SV's reference count. Use the C<SvREFCNT_inc()> wrapper
6419 Perl_sv_newref(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
6421 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
6430 Decrement an SV's reference count, and if it drops to zero, call
6431 C<sv_clear> to invoke destructors and free up any memory used by
6432 the body; finally, deallocate the SV's head itself.
6433 Normally called via a wrapper macro C<SvREFCNT_dec>.
6439 Perl_sv_free(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
6444 if (SvREFCNT(sv) == 0) {
6445 if (SvFLAGS(sv) & SVf_BREAK)
6446 /* this SV's refcnt has been artificially decremented to
6447 * trigger cleanup */
6449 if (PL_in_clean_all) /* All is fair */
6451 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvIMMORTAL(sv)) {
6452 /* make sure SvREFCNT(sv)==0 happens very seldom */
6453 SvREFCNT(sv) = (~(U32)0)/2;
6456 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL)) {
6457 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS_FORK_DUMP
6458 Perl_dump_sv_child(aTHX_ sv);
6460 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
6463 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS_ABORT
6464 if (PL_warnhook == PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL
6465 || ckDEAD(packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL))) {
6466 /* Don't let Perl_warner cause us to escape our fate: */
6470 /* This may not return: */
6471 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
6472 "Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%"UVxf
6473 pTHX__FORMAT, PTR2UV(sv) pTHX__VALUE);
6476 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS_ABORT
6481 if (--(SvREFCNT(sv)) > 0)
6483 Perl_sv_free2(aTHX_ sv);
6487 Perl_sv_free2(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
6491 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_FREE2;
6495 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING),
6496 "Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%"UVxf
6497 pTHX__FORMAT, PTR2UV(sv) pTHX__VALUE);
6501 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvIMMORTAL(sv)) {
6502 /* make sure SvREFCNT(sv)==0 happens very seldom */
6503 SvREFCNT(sv) = (~(U32)0)/2;
6514 Returns the length of the string in the SV. Handles magic and type
6515 coercion. See also C<SvCUR>, which gives raw access to the xpv_cur slot.
6521 Perl_sv_len(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
6529 len = mg_length(sv);
6531 (void)SvPV_const(sv, len);
6536 =for apidoc sv_len_utf8
6538 Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
6539 UTF-8 bytes as a single character. Handles magic and type coercion.
6545 * The length is cached in PERL_MAGIC_utf8, in the mg_len field. Also the
6546 * mg_ptr is used, by sv_pos_u2b() and sv_pos_b2u() - see the comments below.
6547 * (Note that the mg_len is not the length of the mg_ptr field.
6548 * This allows the cache to store the character length of the string without
6549 * needing to malloc() extra storage to attach to the mg_ptr.)
6554 Perl_sv_len_utf8(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
6560 return mg_length(sv);
6564 const U8 *s = (U8*)SvPV_const(sv, len);
6568 MAGIC *mg = SvMAGICAL(sv) ? mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
6570 if (mg && (mg->mg_len != -1 || mg->mg_ptr)) {
6571 if (mg->mg_len != -1)
6574 /* We can use the offset cache for a headstart.
6575 The longer value is stored in the first pair. */
6576 STRLEN *cache = (STRLEN *) mg->mg_ptr;
6578 ulen = cache[0] + Perl_utf8_length(aTHX_ s + cache[1],
6582 if (PL_utf8cache < 0) {
6583 const STRLEN real = Perl_utf8_length(aTHX_ s, s + len);
6584 assert_uft8_cache_coherent("sv_len_utf8", ulen, real, sv);
6588 ulen = Perl_utf8_length(aTHX_ s, s + len);
6589 utf8_mg_len_cache_update(sv, &mg, ulen);
6593 return Perl_utf8_length(aTHX_ s, s + len);
6597 /* Walk forwards to find the byte corresponding to the passed in UTF-8
6600 S_sv_pos_u2b_forwards(const U8 *const start, const U8 *const send,
6601 STRLEN *const uoffset_p, bool *const at_end)
6603 const U8 *s = start;
6604 STRLEN uoffset = *uoffset_p;
6606 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B_FORWARDS;
6608 while (s < send && uoffset) {
6615 else if (s > send) {
6617 /* This is the existing behaviour. Possibly it should be a croak, as
6618 it's actually a bounds error */
6621 *uoffset_p -= uoffset;
6625 /* Given the length of the string in both bytes and UTF-8 characters, decide
6626 whether to walk forwards or backwards to find the byte corresponding to
6627 the passed in UTF-8 offset. */
6629 S_sv_pos_u2b_midway(const U8 *const start, const U8 *send,
6630 STRLEN uoffset, const STRLEN uend)
6632 STRLEN backw = uend - uoffset;
6634 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B_MIDWAY;
6636 if (uoffset < 2 * backw) {
6637 /* The assumption is that going forwards is twice the speed of going
6638 forward (that's where the 2 * backw comes from).
6639 (The real figure of course depends on the UTF-8 data.) */
6640 const U8 *s = start;
6642 while (s < send && uoffset--)
6652 while (UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*send))
6655 return send - start;
6658 /* For the string representation of the given scalar, find the byte
6659 corresponding to the passed in UTF-8 offset. uoffset0 and boffset0
6660 give another position in the string, *before* the sought offset, which
6661 (which is always true, as 0, 0 is a valid pair of positions), which should
6662 help reduce the amount of linear searching.
6663 If *mgp is non-NULL, it should point to the UTF-8 cache magic, which
6664 will be used to reduce the amount of linear searching. The cache will be
6665 created if necessary, and the found value offered to it for update. */
6667 S_sv_pos_u2b_cached(pTHX_ SV *const sv, MAGIC **const mgp, const U8 *const start,
6668 const U8 *const send, STRLEN uoffset,
6669 STRLEN uoffset0, STRLEN boffset0)
6671 STRLEN boffset = 0; /* Actually always set, but let's keep gcc happy. */
6673 bool at_end = FALSE;
6675 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B_CACHED;
6677 assert (uoffset >= uoffset0);
6684 && (*mgp || (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG &&
6685 (*mgp = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8))))) {
6686 if ((*mgp)->mg_ptr) {
6687 STRLEN *cache = (STRLEN *) (*mgp)->mg_ptr;
6688 if (cache[0] == uoffset) {
6689 /* An exact match. */
6692 if (cache[2] == uoffset) {
6693 /* An exact match. */
6697 if (cache[0] < uoffset) {
6698 /* The cache already knows part of the way. */
6699 if (cache[0] > uoffset0) {
6700 /* The cache knows more than the passed in pair */
6701 uoffset0 = cache[0];
6702 boffset0 = cache[1];
6704 if ((*mgp)->mg_len != -1) {
6705 /* And we know the end too. */
6707 + sv_pos_u2b_midway(start + boffset0, send,
6709 (*mgp)->mg_len - uoffset0);
6711 uoffset -= uoffset0;
6713 + sv_pos_u2b_forwards(start + boffset0,
6714 send, &uoffset, &at_end);
6715 uoffset += uoffset0;
6718 else if (cache[2] < uoffset) {
6719 /* We're between the two cache entries. */
6720 if (cache[2] > uoffset0) {
6721 /* and the cache knows more than the passed in pair */
6722 uoffset0 = cache[2];
6723 boffset0 = cache[3];
6727 + sv_pos_u2b_midway(start + boffset0,
6730 cache[0] - uoffset0);
6733 + sv_pos_u2b_midway(start + boffset0,
6736 cache[2] - uoffset0);
6740 else if ((*mgp)->mg_len != -1) {
6741 /* If we can take advantage of a passed in offset, do so. */
6742 /* In fact, offset0 is either 0, or less than offset, so don't
6743 need to worry about the other possibility. */
6745 + sv_pos_u2b_midway(start + boffset0, send,
6747 (*mgp)->mg_len - uoffset0);
6752 if (!found || PL_utf8cache < 0) {
6753 STRLEN real_boffset;
6754 uoffset -= uoffset0;
6755 real_boffset = boffset0 + sv_pos_u2b_forwards(start + boffset0,
6756 send, &uoffset, &at_end);
6757 uoffset += uoffset0;
6759 if (found && PL_utf8cache < 0)
6760 assert_uft8_cache_coherent("sv_pos_u2b_cache", boffset,
6762 boffset = real_boffset;
6767 utf8_mg_len_cache_update(sv, mgp, uoffset);
6769 utf8_mg_pos_cache_update(sv, mgp, boffset, uoffset, send - start);
6776 =for apidoc sv_pos_u2b_flags
6778 Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of UTF-8 chars from
6779 the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if
6780 lenp is non-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from
6781 the offset, rather than from the start
6782 of the string. Handles type coercion.
6783 I<flags> is passed to C<SvPV_flags>, and usually should be
6784 C<SV_GMAGIC|SV_CONST_RETURN> to handle magic.
6790 * sv_pos_u2b_flags() uses, like sv_pos_b2u(), the mg_ptr of the potential
6791 * PERL_MAGIC_utf8 of the sv to store the mapping between UTF-8 and
6792 * byte offsets. See also the comments of S_utf8_mg_pos_cache_update().
6797 Perl_sv_pos_u2b_flags(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN uoffset, STRLEN *const lenp,
6804 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B_FLAGS;
6806 start = (U8*)SvPV_flags(sv, len, flags);
6808 const U8 * const send = start + len;
6810 boffset = sv_pos_u2b_cached(sv, &mg, start, send, uoffset, 0, 0);
6813 && *lenp /* don't bother doing work for 0, as its bytes equivalent
6814 is 0, and *lenp is already set to that. */) {
6815 /* Convert the relative offset to absolute. */
6816 const STRLEN uoffset2 = uoffset + *lenp;
6817 const STRLEN boffset2
6818 = sv_pos_u2b_cached(sv, &mg, start, send, uoffset2,
6819 uoffset, boffset) - boffset;
6833 =for apidoc sv_pos_u2b
6835 Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of UTF-8 chars from
6836 the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if
6837 lenp is non-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from
6838 the offset, rather than from the start of the string. Handles magic and
6841 Use C<sv_pos_u2b_flags> in preference, which correctly handles strings longer
6848 * sv_pos_u2b() uses, like sv_pos_b2u(), the mg_ptr of the potential
6849 * PERL_MAGIC_utf8 of the sv to store the mapping between UTF-8 and
6850 * byte offsets. See also the comments of S_utf8_mg_pos_cache_update().
6854 /* This function is subject to size and sign problems */
6857 Perl_sv_pos_u2b(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, I32 *const offsetp, I32 *const lenp)
6859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B;
6862 STRLEN ulen = (STRLEN)*lenp;
6863 *offsetp = (I32)sv_pos_u2b_flags(sv, (STRLEN)*offsetp, &ulen,
6864 SV_GMAGIC|SV_CONST_RETURN);
6867 *offsetp = (I32)sv_pos_u2b_flags(sv, (STRLEN)*offsetp, NULL,
6868 SV_GMAGIC|SV_CONST_RETURN);
6873 S_utf8_mg_len_cache_update(pTHX_ SV *const sv, MAGIC **const mgp,
6876 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTF8_MG_LEN_CACHE_UPDATE;
6880 if (!*mgp && (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG ||
6881 !(*mgp = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))) {
6882 *mgp = sv_magicext(sv, 0, PERL_MAGIC_utf8, &PL_vtbl_utf8, 0, 0);
6886 (*mgp)->mg_len = ulen;
6887 /* For now, treat "overflowed" as "still unknown". See RT #72924. */
6888 if (ulen != (STRLEN) (*mgp)->mg_len)
6889 (*mgp)->mg_len = -1;
6892 /* Create and update the UTF8 magic offset cache, with the proffered utf8/
6893 byte length pairing. The (byte) length of the total SV is passed in too,
6894 as blen, because for some (more esoteric) SVs, the call to SvPV_const()
6895 may not have updated SvCUR, so we can't rely on reading it directly.
6897 The proffered utf8/byte length pairing isn't used if the cache already has
6898 two pairs, and swapping either for the proffered pair would increase the
6899 RMS of the intervals between known byte offsets.
6901 The cache itself consists of 4 STRLEN values
6902 0: larger UTF-8 offset
6903 1: corresponding byte offset
6904 2: smaller UTF-8 offset
6905 3: corresponding byte offset
6907 Unused cache pairs have the value 0, 0.
6908 Keeping the cache "backwards" means that the invariant of
6909 cache[0] >= cache[2] is maintained even with empty slots, which means that
6910 the code that uses it doesn't need to worry if only 1 entry has actually
6911 been set to non-zero. It also makes the "position beyond the end of the
6912 cache" logic much simpler, as the first slot is always the one to start
6916 S_utf8_mg_pos_cache_update(pTHX_ SV *const sv, MAGIC **const mgp, const STRLEN byte,
6917 const STRLEN utf8, const STRLEN blen)
6921 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTF8_MG_POS_CACHE_UPDATE;
6926 if (!*mgp && (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG ||
6927 !(*mgp = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))) {
6928 *mgp = sv_magicext(sv, 0, PERL_MAGIC_utf8, (MGVTBL*)&PL_vtbl_utf8, 0,
6930 (*mgp)->mg_len = -1;
6934 if (!(cache = (STRLEN *)(*mgp)->mg_ptr)) {
6935 Newxz(cache, PERL_MAGIC_UTF8_CACHESIZE * 2, STRLEN);
6936 (*mgp)->mg_ptr = (char *) cache;
6940 if (PL_utf8cache < 0 && SvPOKp(sv)) {
6941 /* SvPOKp() because it's possible that sv has string overloading, and
6942 therefore is a reference, hence SvPVX() is actually a pointer.
6943 This cures the (very real) symptoms of RT 69422, but I'm not actually
6944 sure whether we should even be caching the results of UTF-8
6945 operations on overloading, given that nothing stops overloading
6946 returning a different value every time it's called. */
6947 const U8 *start = (const U8 *) SvPVX_const(sv);
6948 const STRLEN realutf8 = utf8_length(start, start + byte);
6950 assert_uft8_cache_coherent("utf8_mg_pos_cache_update", utf8, realutf8,
6954 /* Cache is held with the later position first, to simplify the code
6955 that deals with unbounded ends. */
6957 ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache);
6958 if (cache[1] == 0) {
6959 /* Cache is totally empty */
6962 } else if (cache[3] == 0) {
6963 if (byte > cache[1]) {
6964 /* New one is larger, so goes first. */
6965 cache[2] = cache[0];
6966 cache[3] = cache[1];
6974 #define THREEWAY_SQUARE(a,b,c,d) \
6975 ((float)((d) - (c))) * ((float)((d) - (c))) \
6976 + ((float)((c) - (b))) * ((float)((c) - (b))) \
6977 + ((float)((b) - (a))) * ((float)((b) - (a)))
6979 /* Cache has 2 slots in use, and we know three potential pairs.
6980 Keep the two that give the lowest RMS distance. Do the
6981 calculation in bytes simply because we always know the byte
6982 length. squareroot has the same ordering as the positive value,
6983 so don't bother with the actual square root. */
6984 const float existing = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, cache[3], cache[1], blen);
6985 if (byte > cache[1]) {
6986 /* New position is after the existing pair of pairs. */
6987 const float keep_earlier
6988 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, cache[3], byte, blen);
6989 const float keep_later
6990 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, cache[1], byte, blen);
6992 if (keep_later < keep_earlier) {
6993 if (keep_later < existing) {
6994 cache[2] = cache[0];
6995 cache[3] = cache[1];
7001 if (keep_earlier < existing) {
7007 else if (byte > cache[3]) {
7008 /* New position is between the existing pair of pairs. */
7009 const float keep_earlier
7010 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, cache[3], byte, blen);
7011 const float keep_later
7012 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, byte, cache[1], blen);
7014 if (keep_later < keep_earlier) {
7015 if (keep_later < existing) {
7021 if (keep_earlier < existing) {
7028 /* New position is before the existing pair of pairs. */
7029 const float keep_earlier
7030 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, byte, cache[3], blen);
7031 const float keep_later
7032 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, byte, cache[1], blen);
7034 if (keep_later < keep_earlier) {
7035 if (keep_later < existing) {
7041 if (keep_earlier < existing) {
7042 cache[0] = cache[2];
7043 cache[1] = cache[3];
7050 ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache);
7053 /* We already know all of the way, now we may be able to walk back. The same
7054 assumption is made as in S_sv_pos_u2b_midway(), namely that walking
7055 backward is half the speed of walking forward. */
7057 S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(pTHX_ const U8 *const s, const U8 *const target,
7058 const U8 *end, STRLEN endu)
7060 const STRLEN forw = target - s;
7061 STRLEN backw = end - target;
7063 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_B2U_MIDWAY;
7065 if (forw < 2 * backw) {
7066 return utf8_length(s, target);
7069 while (end > target) {
7071 while (UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*end)) {
7080 =for apidoc sv_pos_b2u
7082 Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of bytes from the
7083 start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of UTF-8 chars.
7084 Handles magic and type coercion.
7090 * sv_pos_b2u() uses, like sv_pos_u2b(), the mg_ptr of the potential
7091 * PERL_MAGIC_utf8 of the sv to store the mapping between UTF-8 and
7096 Perl_sv_pos_b2u(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, I32 *const offsetp)
7099 const STRLEN byte = *offsetp;
7100 STRLEN len = 0; /* Actually always set, but let's keep gcc happy. */
7106 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_B2U;
7111 s = (const U8*)SvPV_const(sv, blen);
7114 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_pos_b2u: bad byte offset, blen=%"UVuf
7115 ", byte=%"UVuf, (UV)blen, (UV)byte);
7121 && SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG
7122 && (mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))
7125 STRLEN * const cache = (STRLEN *) mg->mg_ptr;
7126 if (cache[1] == byte) {
7127 /* An exact match. */
7128 *offsetp = cache[0];
7131 if (cache[3] == byte) {
7132 /* An exact match. */
7133 *offsetp = cache[2];
7137 if (cache[1] < byte) {
7138 /* We already know part of the way. */
7139 if (mg->mg_len != -1) {
7140 /* Actually, we know the end too. */
7142 + S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(aTHX_ s + cache[1], send,
7143 s + blen, mg->mg_len - cache[0]);
7145 len = cache[0] + utf8_length(s + cache[1], send);
7148 else if (cache[3] < byte) {
7149 /* We're between the two cached pairs, so we do the calculation
7150 offset by the byte/utf-8 positions for the earlier pair,
7151 then add the utf-8 characters from the string start to
7153 len = S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(aTHX_ s + cache[3], send,
7154 s + cache[1], cache[0] - cache[2])
7158 else { /* cache[3] > byte */
7159 len = S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(aTHX_ s, send, s + cache[3],
7163 ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache);
7165 } else if (mg->mg_len != -1) {
7166 len = S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(aTHX_ s, send, s + blen, mg->mg_len);
7170 if (!found || PL_utf8cache < 0) {
7171 const STRLEN real_len = utf8_length(s, send);
7173 if (found && PL_utf8cache < 0)
7174 assert_uft8_cache_coherent("sv_pos_b2u", len, real_len, sv);
7181 utf8_mg_len_cache_update(sv, &mg, len);
7183 utf8_mg_pos_cache_update(sv, &mg, byte, len, blen);
7188 S_assert_uft8_cache_coherent(pTHX_ const char *const func, STRLEN from_cache,
7189 STRLEN real, SV *const sv)
7191 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ASSERT_UFT8_CACHE_COHERENT;
7193 /* As this is debugging only code, save space by keeping this test here,
7194 rather than inlining it in all the callers. */
7195 if (from_cache == real)
7198 /* Need to turn the assertions off otherwise we may recurse infinitely
7199 while printing error messages. */
7200 SAVEI8(PL_utf8cache);
7202 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: %s cache %"UVuf" real %"UVuf" for %"SVf,
7203 func, (UV) from_cache, (UV) real, SVfARG(sv));
7209 Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
7210 identical. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
7211 coerce its args to strings if necessary.
7213 =for apidoc sv_eq_flags
7215 Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
7216 identical. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware and coerces its args to strings
7217 if necessary. If the flags include SV_GMAGIC, it handles get-magic, too.
7223 Perl_sv_eq_flags(pTHX_ register SV *sv1, register SV *sv2, const U32 flags)
7231 SV* svrecode = NULL;
7238 /* if pv1 and pv2 are the same, second SvPV_const call may
7239 * invalidate pv1 (if we are handling magic), so we may need to
7241 if (sv1 == sv2 && flags & SV_GMAGIC
7242 && (SvTHINKFIRST(sv1) || SvGMAGICAL(sv1))) {
7243 pv1 = SvPV_const(sv1, cur1);
7244 sv1 = newSVpvn_flags(pv1, cur1, SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(sv2));
7246 pv1 = SvPV_flags_const(sv1, cur1, flags);
7254 pv2 = SvPV_flags_const(sv2, cur2, flags);
7256 if (cur1 && cur2 && SvUTF8(sv1) != SvUTF8(sv2) && !IN_BYTES) {
7257 /* Differing utf8ness.
7258 * Do not UTF8size the comparands as a side-effect. */
7261 svrecode = newSVpvn(pv2, cur2);
7262 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
7263 pv2 = SvPV_const(svrecode, cur2);
7266 svrecode = newSVpvn(pv1, cur1);
7267 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
7268 pv1 = SvPV_const(svrecode, cur1);
7270 /* Now both are in UTF-8. */
7272 SvREFCNT_dec(svrecode);
7278 /* sv1 is the UTF-8 one */
7279 return bytes_cmp_utf8((const U8*)pv2, cur2,
7280 (const U8*)pv1, cur1) == 0;
7283 /* sv2 is the UTF-8 one */
7284 return bytes_cmp_utf8((const U8*)pv1, cur1,
7285 (const U8*)pv2, cur2) == 0;
7291 eq = (pv1 == pv2) || memEQ(pv1, pv2, cur1);
7293 SvREFCNT_dec(svrecode);
7301 Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
7302 string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
7303 C<sv2>. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
7304 coerce its args to strings if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>.
7306 =for apidoc sv_cmp_flags
7308 Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
7309 string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
7310 C<sv2>. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware and will coerce its args to strings
7311 if necessary. If the flags include SV_GMAGIC, it handles get magic. See
7312 also C<sv_cmp_locale_flags>.
7318 Perl_sv_cmp(pTHX_ register SV *const sv1, register SV *const sv2)
7320 return sv_cmp_flags(sv1, sv2, SV_GMAGIC);
7324 Perl_sv_cmp_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv1, register SV *const sv2,
7329 const char *pv1, *pv2;
7332 SV *svrecode = NULL;
7339 pv1 = SvPV_flags_const(sv1, cur1, flags);
7346 pv2 = SvPV_flags_const(sv2, cur2, flags);
7348 if (cur1 && cur2 && SvUTF8(sv1) != SvUTF8(sv2) && !IN_BYTES) {
7349 /* Differing utf8ness.
7350 * Do not UTF8size the comparands as a side-effect. */
7353 svrecode = newSVpvn(pv2, cur2);
7354 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
7355 pv2 = SvPV_const(svrecode, cur2);
7358 const int retval = -bytes_cmp_utf8((const U8*)pv2, cur2,
7359 (const U8*)pv1, cur1);
7360 return retval ? retval < 0 ? -1 : +1 : 0;
7365 svrecode = newSVpvn(pv1, cur1);
7366 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
7367 pv1 = SvPV_const(svrecode, cur1);
7370 const int retval = bytes_cmp_utf8((const U8*)pv1, cur1,
7371 (const U8*)pv2, cur2);
7372 return retval ? retval < 0 ? -1 : +1 : 0;
7378 cmp = cur2 ? -1 : 0;
7382 const I32 retval = memcmp((const void*)pv1, (const void*)pv2, cur1 < cur2 ? cur1 : cur2);
7385 cmp = retval < 0 ? -1 : 1;
7386 } else if (cur1 == cur2) {
7389 cmp = cur1 < cur2 ? -1 : 1;
7393 SvREFCNT_dec(svrecode);
7401 =for apidoc sv_cmp_locale
7403 Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. Is UTF-8 and
7404 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings
7405 if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp>.
7407 =for apidoc sv_cmp_locale_flags
7409 Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. Is UTF-8 and
7410 'use bytes' aware and will coerce its args to strings if necessary. If the
7411 flags contain SV_GMAGIC, it handles get magic. See also C<sv_cmp_flags>.
7417 Perl_sv_cmp_locale(pTHX_ register SV *const sv1, register SV *const sv2)
7419 return sv_cmp_locale_flags(sv1, sv2, SV_GMAGIC);
7423 Perl_sv_cmp_locale_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv1, register SV *const sv2,
7427 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
7433 if (PL_collation_standard)
7437 pv1 = sv1 ? sv_collxfrm_flags(sv1, &len1, flags) : (char *) NULL;
7439 pv2 = sv2 ? sv_collxfrm_flags(sv2, &len2, flags) : (char *) NULL;
7441 if (!pv1 || !len1) {
7452 retval = memcmp((void*)pv1, (void*)pv2, len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2);
7455 return retval < 0 ? -1 : 1;
7458 * When the result of collation is equality, that doesn't mean
7459 * that there are no differences -- some locales exclude some
7460 * characters from consideration. So to avoid false equalities,
7461 * we use the raw string as a tiebreaker.
7467 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
7469 return sv_cmp(sv1, sv2);
7473 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
7476 =for apidoc sv_collxfrm
7478 This calls C<sv_collxfrm_flags> with the SV_GMAGIC flag. See
7479 C<sv_collxfrm_flags>.
7481 =for apidoc sv_collxfrm_flags
7483 Add Collate Transform magic to an SV if it doesn't already have it. If the
7484 flags contain SV_GMAGIC, it handles get-magic.
7486 Any scalar variable may carry PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic that contains the
7487 scalar data of the variable, but transformed to such a format that a normal
7488 memory comparison can be used to compare the data according to the locale
7495 Perl_sv_collxfrm_flags(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN *const nxp, const I32 flags)
7500 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_COLLXFRM_FLAGS;
7502 mg = SvMAGICAL(sv) ? mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm) : (MAGIC *) NULL;
7503 if (!mg || !mg->mg_ptr || *(U32*)mg->mg_ptr != PL_collation_ix) {
7509 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
7510 s = SvPV_flags_const(sv, len, flags);
7511 if ((xf = mem_collxfrm(s, len, &xlen))) {
7513 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
7515 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
7517 mg = sv_magicext(sv, 0, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm, &PL_vtbl_collxfrm,
7531 if (mg && mg->mg_ptr) {
7533 return mg->mg_ptr + sizeof(PL_collation_ix);
7541 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
7544 S_sv_gets_append_to_utf8(pTHX_ SV *const sv, PerlIO *const fp, I32 append)
7546 SV * const tsv = newSV(0);
7549 sv_gets(tsv, fp, 0);
7550 sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg(tsv);
7551 SvCUR_set(sv,append);
7554 return (SvCUR(sv) - append) ? SvPVX(sv) : NULL;
7558 S_sv_gets_read_record(pTHX_ SV *const sv, PerlIO *const fp, I32 append)
7561 const U32 recsize = SvUV(SvRV(PL_rs)); /* RsRECORD() guarantees > 0. */
7562 /* Grab the size of the record we're getting */
7563 char *const buffer = SvGROW(sv, (STRLEN)(recsize + append + 1)) + append;
7570 /* VMS wants read instead of fread, because fread doesn't respect */
7571 /* RMS record boundaries. This is not necessarily a good thing to be */
7572 /* doing, but we've got no other real choice - except avoid stdio
7573 as implementation - perhaps write a :vms layer ?
7575 fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
7577 bytesread = PerlLIO_read(fd, buffer, recsize);
7579 else /* in-memory file from PerlIO::Scalar */
7582 bytesread = PerlIO_read(fp, buffer, recsize);
7587 SvCUR_set(sv, bytesread + append);
7588 buffer[bytesread] = '\0';
7589 return (SvCUR(sv) - append) ? SvPVX(sv) : NULL;
7595 Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV, optionally
7596 appending to the currently-stored string.
7602 Perl_sv_gets(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register PerlIO *const fp, I32 append)
7607 register STDCHAR rslast;
7608 register STDCHAR *bp;
7613 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_GETS;
7615 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv))
7616 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, append ? 0 : SV_COW_DROP_PV);
7617 /* XXX. If you make this PVIV, then copy on write can copy scalars read
7619 However, perlbench says it's slower, because the existing swipe code
7620 is faster than copy on write.
7621 Swings and roundabouts. */
7622 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
7625 if (PerlIO_isutf8(fp)) {
7627 sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg(sv);
7628 sv_pos_u2b(sv,&append,0);
7630 } else if (SvUTF8(sv)) {
7631 return S_sv_gets_append_to_utf8(aTHX_ sv, fp, append);
7639 if (PerlIO_isutf8(fp))
7642 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
7643 /* we always read code in line mode */
7647 else if (RsSNARF(PL_rs)) {
7648 /* If it is a regular disk file use size from stat() as estimate
7649 of amount we are going to read -- may result in mallocing
7650 more memory than we really need if the layers below reduce
7651 the size we read (e.g. CRLF or a gzip layer).
7654 if (!PerlLIO_fstat(PerlIO_fileno(fp), &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
7655 const Off_t offset = PerlIO_tell(fp);
7656 if (offset != (Off_t) -1 && st.st_size + append > offset) {
7657 (void) SvGROW(sv, (STRLEN)((st.st_size - offset) + append + 1));
7663 else if (RsRECORD(PL_rs)) {
7664 return S_sv_gets_read_record(aTHX_ sv, fp, append);
7666 else if (RsPARA(PL_rs)) {
7672 /* Get $/ i.e. PL_rs into same encoding as stream wants */
7673 if (PerlIO_isutf8(fp)) {
7674 rsptr = SvPVutf8(PL_rs, rslen);
7677 if (SvUTF8(PL_rs)) {
7678 if (!sv_utf8_downgrade(PL_rs, TRUE)) {
7679 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character in $/");
7682 rsptr = SvPV_const(PL_rs, rslen);
7686 rslast = rslen ? rsptr[rslen - 1] : '\0';
7688 if (rspara) { /* have to do this both before and after */
7689 do { /* to make sure file boundaries work right */
7692 i = PerlIO_getc(fp);
7696 PerlIO_ungetc(fp,i);
7702 /* See if we know enough about I/O mechanism to cheat it ! */
7704 /* This used to be #ifdef test - it is made run-time test for ease
7705 of abstracting out stdio interface. One call should be cheap
7706 enough here - and may even be a macro allowing compile
7710 if (PerlIO_fast_gets(fp)) {
7713 * We're going to steal some values from the stdio struct
7714 * and put EVERYTHING in the innermost loop into registers.
7716 register STDCHAR *ptr;
7720 #if defined(VMS) && defined(PERLIO_IS_STDIO)
7721 /* An ungetc()d char is handled separately from the regular
7722 * buffer, so we getc() it back out and stuff it in the buffer.
7724 i = PerlIO_getc(fp);
7725 if (i == EOF) return 0;
7726 *(--((*fp)->_ptr)) = (unsigned char) i;
7730 /* Here is some breathtakingly efficient cheating */
7732 cnt = PerlIO_get_cnt(fp); /* get count into register */
7733 /* make sure we have the room */
7734 if ((I32)(SvLEN(sv) - append) <= cnt + 1) {
7735 /* Not room for all of it
7736 if we are looking for a separator and room for some
7738 if (rslen && cnt > 80 && (I32)SvLEN(sv) > append) {
7739 /* just process what we have room for */
7740 shortbuffered = cnt - SvLEN(sv) + append + 1;
7741 cnt -= shortbuffered;
7745 /* remember that cnt can be negative */
7746 SvGROW(sv, (STRLEN)(append + (cnt <= 0 ? 2 : (cnt + 1))));
7751 bp = (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv) + append; /* move these two too to registers */
7752 ptr = (STDCHAR*)PerlIO_get_ptr(fp);
7753 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7754 "Screamer: entering, ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)cnt));
7755 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7756 "Screamer: entering: PerlIO * thinks ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld, base=%"UVuf"\n",
7757 PTR2UV(PerlIO_get_ptr(fp)), (long)PerlIO_get_cnt(fp),
7758 PTR2UV(PerlIO_has_base(fp) ? PerlIO_get_base(fp) : 0)));
7763 while (cnt > 0) { /* this | eat */
7765 if ((*bp++ = *ptr++) == rslast) /* really | dust */
7766 goto thats_all_folks; /* screams | sed :-) */
7770 Copy(ptr, bp, cnt, char); /* this | eat */
7771 bp += cnt; /* screams | dust */
7772 ptr += cnt; /* louder | sed :-) */
7774 assert (!shortbuffered);
7775 goto cannot_be_shortbuffered;
7779 if (shortbuffered) { /* oh well, must extend */
7780 cnt = shortbuffered;
7782 bpx = bp - (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv); /* box up before relocation */
7784 SvGROW(sv, SvLEN(sv) + append + cnt + 2);
7785 bp = (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv) + bpx; /* unbox after relocation */
7789 cannot_be_shortbuffered:
7790 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7791 "Screamer: going to getc, ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld\n",
7792 PTR2UV(ptr),(long)cnt));
7793 PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(fp, (STDCHAR*)ptr, cnt); /* deregisterize cnt and ptr */
7795 DEBUG_Pv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7796 "Screamer: pre: FILE * thinks ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld, base=%"UVuf"\n",
7797 PTR2UV(PerlIO_get_ptr(fp)), (long)PerlIO_get_cnt(fp),
7798 PTR2UV(PerlIO_has_base (fp) ? PerlIO_get_base(fp) : 0)));
7800 /* This used to call 'filbuf' in stdio form, but as that behaves like
7801 getc when cnt <= 0 we use PerlIO_getc here to avoid introducing
7802 another abstraction. */
7803 i = PerlIO_getc(fp); /* get more characters */
7805 DEBUG_Pv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7806 "Screamer: post: FILE * thinks ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld, base=%"UVuf"\n",
7807 PTR2UV(PerlIO_get_ptr(fp)), (long)PerlIO_get_cnt(fp),
7808 PTR2UV(PerlIO_has_base (fp) ? PerlIO_get_base(fp) : 0)));
7810 cnt = PerlIO_get_cnt(fp);
7811 ptr = (STDCHAR*)PerlIO_get_ptr(fp); /* reregisterize cnt and ptr */
7812 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7813 "Screamer: after getc, ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)cnt));
7815 if (i == EOF) /* all done for ever? */
7816 goto thats_really_all_folks;
7818 bpx = bp - (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv); /* box up before relocation */
7820 SvGROW(sv, bpx + cnt + 2);
7821 bp = (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv) + bpx; /* unbox after relocation */
7823 *bp++ = (STDCHAR)i; /* store character from PerlIO_getc */
7825 if (rslen && (STDCHAR)i == rslast) /* all done for now? */
7826 goto thats_all_folks;
7830 if ((rslen > 1 && (STRLEN)(bp - (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv)) < rslen) ||
7831 memNE((char*)bp - rslen, rsptr, rslen))
7832 goto screamer; /* go back to the fray */
7833 thats_really_all_folks:
7835 cnt += shortbuffered;
7836 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7837 "Screamer: quitting, ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)cnt));
7838 PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(fp, (STDCHAR*)ptr, cnt); /* put these back or we're in trouble */
7839 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7840 "Screamer: end: FILE * thinks ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld, base=%"UVuf"\n",
7841 PTR2UV(PerlIO_get_ptr(fp)), (long)PerlIO_get_cnt(fp),
7842 PTR2UV(PerlIO_has_base (fp) ? PerlIO_get_base(fp) : 0)));
7844 SvCUR_set(sv, bp - (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv)); /* set length */
7845 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7846 "Screamer: done, len=%ld, string=|%.*s|\n",
7847 (long)SvCUR(sv),(int)SvCUR(sv),SvPVX_const(sv)));
7851 /*The big, slow, and stupid way. */
7852 #ifdef USE_HEAP_INSTEAD_OF_STACK /* Even slower way. */
7853 STDCHAR *buf = NULL;
7854 Newx(buf, 8192, STDCHAR);
7862 register const STDCHAR * const bpe = buf + sizeof(buf);
7864 while ((i = PerlIO_getc(fp)) != EOF && (*bp++ = (STDCHAR)i) != rslast && bp < bpe)
7865 ; /* keep reading */
7869 cnt = PerlIO_read(fp,(char*)buf, sizeof(buf));
7870 /* Accommodate broken VAXC compiler, which applies U8 cast to
7871 * both args of ?: operator, causing EOF to change into 255
7874 i = (U8)buf[cnt - 1];
7880 cnt = 0; /* we do need to re-set the sv even when cnt <= 0 */
7882 sv_catpvn(sv, (char *) buf, cnt);
7884 sv_setpvn(sv, (char *) buf, cnt);
7886 if (i != EOF && /* joy */
7888 SvCUR(sv) < rslen ||
7889 memNE(SvPVX_const(sv) + SvCUR(sv) - rslen, rsptr, rslen)))
7893 * If we're reading from a TTY and we get a short read,
7894 * indicating that the user hit his EOF character, we need
7895 * to notice it now, because if we try to read from the TTY
7896 * again, the EOF condition will disappear.
7898 * The comparison of cnt to sizeof(buf) is an optimization
7899 * that prevents unnecessary calls to feof().
7903 if (!(cnt < (I32)sizeof(buf) && PerlIO_eof(fp)))
7907 #ifdef USE_HEAP_INSTEAD_OF_STACK
7912 if (rspara) { /* have to do this both before and after */
7913 while (i != EOF) { /* to make sure file boundaries work right */
7914 i = PerlIO_getc(fp);
7916 PerlIO_ungetc(fp,i);
7922 return (SvCUR(sv) - append) ? SvPVX(sv) : NULL;
7928 Auto-increment of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
7929 if necessary. Handles 'get' magic and operator overloading.
7935 Perl_sv_inc(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
7944 =for apidoc sv_inc_nomg
7946 Auto-increment of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
7947 if necessary. Handles operator overloading. Skips handling 'get' magic.
7953 Perl_sv_inc_nomg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
7961 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
7962 if (SvIsCOW(sv) || isGV_with_GP(sv))
7963 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
7964 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
7965 if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME)
7966 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
7970 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && AMG_CALLunary(sv, inc_amg))
7972 i = PTR2IV(SvRV(sv));
7977 flags = SvFLAGS(sv);
7978 if ((flags & (SVp_NOK|SVp_IOK)) == SVp_NOK) {
7979 /* It's (privately or publicly) a float, but not tested as an
7980 integer, so test it to see. */
7982 flags = SvFLAGS(sv);
7984 if ((flags & SVf_IOK) || ((flags & (SVp_IOK | SVp_NOK)) == SVp_IOK)) {
7985 /* It's publicly an integer, or privately an integer-not-float */
7986 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
7990 if (SvUVX(sv) == UV_MAX)
7991 sv_setnv(sv, UV_MAX_P1);
7993 (void)SvIOK_only_UV(sv);
7994 SvUV_set(sv, SvUVX(sv) + 1);
7996 if (SvIVX(sv) == IV_MAX)
7997 sv_setuv(sv, (UV)IV_MAX + 1);
7999 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
8000 SvIV_set(sv, SvIVX(sv) + 1);
8005 if (flags & SVp_NOK) {
8006 const NV was = SvNVX(sv);
8007 if (NV_OVERFLOWS_INTEGERS_AT &&
8008 was >= NV_OVERFLOWS_INTEGERS_AT) {
8009 /* diag_listed_as: Lost precision when %s %f by 1 */
8010 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IMPRECISION),
8011 "Lost precision when incrementing %" NVff " by 1",
8014 (void)SvNOK_only(sv);
8015 SvNV_set(sv, was + 1.0);
8019 if (!(flags & SVp_POK) || !*SvPVX_const(sv)) {
8020 if ((flags & SVTYPEMASK) < SVt_PVIV)
8021 sv_upgrade(sv, ((flags & SVTYPEMASK) > SVt_IV ? SVt_PVIV : SVt_IV));
8022 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
8027 while (isALPHA(*d)) d++;
8028 while (isDIGIT(*d)) d++;
8029 if (d < SvEND(sv)) {
8030 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
8031 /* Got to punt this as an integer if needs be, but we don't issue
8032 warnings. Probably ought to make the sv_iv_please() that does
8033 the conversion if possible, and silently. */
8034 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), NULL);
8035 if (numtype && !(numtype & IS_NUMBER_INFINITY)) {
8036 /* Need to try really hard to see if it's an integer.
8037 9.22337203685478e+18 is an integer.
8038 but "9.22337203685478e+18" + 0 is UV=9223372036854779904
8039 so $a="9.22337203685478e+18"; $a+0; $a++
8040 needs to be the same as $a="9.22337203685478e+18"; $a++
8047 /* sv_2iv *should* have made this an NV */
8048 if (flags & SVp_NOK) {
8049 (void)SvNOK_only(sv);
8050 SvNV_set(sv, SvNVX(sv) + 1.0);
8053 /* I don't think we can get here. Maybe I should assert this
8054 And if we do get here I suspect that sv_setnv will croak. NWC
8056 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
8057 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_inc punt failed to convert '%s' to IOK or NOKp, UV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"PERL_PRIgldbl"\n",
8058 SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
8060 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_inc punt failed to convert '%s' to IOK or NOKp, UV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"NVgf"\n",
8061 SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
8064 #endif /* PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV */
8065 sv_setnv(sv,Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)) + 1.0);
8069 while (d >= SvPVX_const(sv)) {
8077 /* MKS: The original code here died if letters weren't consecutive.
8078 * at least it didn't have to worry about non-C locales. The
8079 * new code assumes that ('z'-'a')==('Z'-'A'), letters are
8080 * arranged in order (although not consecutively) and that only
8081 * [A-Za-z] are accepted by isALPHA in the C locale.
8083 if (*d != 'z' && *d != 'Z') {
8084 do { ++*d; } while (!isALPHA(*d));
8087 *(d--) -= 'z' - 'a';
8092 *(d--) -= 'z' - 'a' + 1;
8096 /* oh,oh, the number grew */
8097 SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + 2);
8098 SvCUR_set(sv, SvCUR(sv) + 1);
8099 for (d = SvPVX(sv) + SvCUR(sv); d > SvPVX_const(sv); d--)
8110 Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
8111 if necessary. Handles 'get' magic and operator overloading.
8117 Perl_sv_dec(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
8127 =for apidoc sv_dec_nomg
8129 Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
8130 if necessary. Handles operator overloading. Skips handling 'get' magic.
8136 Perl_sv_dec_nomg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
8143 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
8144 if (SvIsCOW(sv) || isGV_with_GP(sv))
8145 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
8146 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
8147 if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME)
8148 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
8152 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && AMG_CALLunary(sv, dec_amg))
8154 i = PTR2IV(SvRV(sv));
8159 /* Unlike sv_inc we don't have to worry about string-never-numbers
8160 and keeping them magic. But we mustn't warn on punting */
8161 flags = SvFLAGS(sv);
8162 if ((flags & SVf_IOK) || ((flags & (SVp_IOK | SVp_NOK)) == SVp_IOK)) {
8163 /* It's publicly an integer, or privately an integer-not-float */
8164 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
8168 if (SvUVX(sv) == 0) {
8169 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
8173 (void)SvIOK_only_UV(sv);
8174 SvUV_set(sv, SvUVX(sv) - 1);
8177 if (SvIVX(sv) == IV_MIN) {
8178 sv_setnv(sv, (NV)IV_MIN);
8182 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
8183 SvIV_set(sv, SvIVX(sv) - 1);
8188 if (flags & SVp_NOK) {
8191 const NV was = SvNVX(sv);
8192 if (NV_OVERFLOWS_INTEGERS_AT &&
8193 was <= -NV_OVERFLOWS_INTEGERS_AT) {
8194 /* diag_listed_as: Lost precision when %s %f by 1 */
8195 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IMPRECISION),
8196 "Lost precision when decrementing %" NVff " by 1",
8199 (void)SvNOK_only(sv);
8200 SvNV_set(sv, was - 1.0);
8204 if (!(flags & SVp_POK)) {
8205 if ((flags & SVTYPEMASK) < SVt_PVIV)
8206 sv_upgrade(sv, ((flags & SVTYPEMASK) > SVt_IV) ? SVt_PVIV : SVt_IV);
8208 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
8211 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
8213 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), NULL);
8214 if (numtype && !(numtype & IS_NUMBER_INFINITY)) {
8215 /* Need to try really hard to see if it's an integer.
8216 9.22337203685478e+18 is an integer.
8217 but "9.22337203685478e+18" + 0 is UV=9223372036854779904
8218 so $a="9.22337203685478e+18"; $a+0; $a--
8219 needs to be the same as $a="9.22337203685478e+18"; $a--
8226 /* sv_2iv *should* have made this an NV */
8227 if (flags & SVp_NOK) {
8228 (void)SvNOK_only(sv);
8229 SvNV_set(sv, SvNVX(sv) - 1.0);
8232 /* I don't think we can get here. Maybe I should assert this
8233 And if we do get here I suspect that sv_setnv will croak. NWC
8235 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
8236 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_dec punt failed to convert '%s' to IOK or NOKp, UV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"PERL_PRIgldbl"\n",
8237 SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
8239 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_dec punt failed to convert '%s' to IOK or NOKp, UV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"NVgf"\n",
8240 SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
8244 #endif /* PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV */
8245 sv_setnv(sv,Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)) - 1.0); /* punt */
8248 /* this define is used to eliminate a chunk of duplicated but shared logic
8249 * it has the suffix __SV_C to signal that it isnt API, and isnt meant to be
8250 * used anywhere but here - yves
8252 #define PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(AnSv) \
8255 PL_tmps_stack[++PL_tmps_ix] = (AnSv); \
8259 =for apidoc sv_mortalcopy
8261 Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV (using C<sv_setsv>).
8262 The new SV is marked as mortal. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an
8263 explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
8264 statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_2mortal>.
8269 /* Make a string that will exist for the duration of the expression
8270 * evaluation. Actually, it may have to last longer than that, but
8271 * hopefully we won't free it until it has been assigned to a
8272 * permanent location. */
8275 Perl_sv_mortalcopy(pTHX_ SV *const oldstr)
8281 sv_setsv(sv,oldstr);
8282 PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(sv);
8288 =for apidoc sv_newmortal
8290 Creates a new null SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is
8291 set to 1. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an explicit call to
8292 FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries.
8293 See also C<sv_mortalcopy> and C<sv_2mortal>.
8299 Perl_sv_newmortal(pTHX)
8305 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVs_TEMP;
8306 PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(sv);
8312 =for apidoc newSVpvn_flags
8314 Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
8315 SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
8316 string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
8317 C<len> bytes long. If the C<s> argument is NULL the new SV will be undefined.
8318 Currently the only flag bits accepted are C<SVf_UTF8> and C<SVs_TEMP>.
8319 If C<SVs_TEMP> is set, then C<sv_2mortal()> is called on the result before
8320 returning. If C<SVf_UTF8> is set, C<s>
8321 is considered to be in UTF-8 and the
8322 C<SVf_UTF8> flag will be set on the new SV.
8323 C<newSVpvn_utf8()> is a convenience wrapper for this function, defined as
8325 #define newSVpvn_utf8(s, len, u) \
8326 newSVpvn_flags((s), (len), (u) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0)
8332 Perl_newSVpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *const s, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
8337 /* All the flags we don't support must be zero.
8338 And we're new code so I'm going to assert this from the start. */
8339 assert(!(flags & ~(SVf_UTF8|SVs_TEMP)));
8341 sv_setpvn(sv,s,len);
8343 /* This code used to a sv_2mortal(), however we now unroll the call to sv_2mortal()
8344 * and do what it does ourselves here.
8345 * Since we have asserted that flags can only have the SVf_UTF8 and/or SVs_TEMP flags
8346 * set above we can use it to enable the sv flags directly (bypassing SvTEMP_on), which
8347 * in turn means we dont need to mask out the SVf_UTF8 flag below, which means that we
8348 * eliminate quite a few steps than it looks - Yves (explaining patch by gfx)
8351 SvFLAGS(sv) |= flags;
8353 if(flags & SVs_TEMP){
8354 PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(sv);
8361 =for apidoc sv_2mortal
8363 Marks an existing SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed "soon", either
8364 by an explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
8365 statement boundaries. SvTEMP() is turned on which means that the SV's
8366 string buffer can be "stolen" if this SV is copied. See also C<sv_newmortal>
8367 and C<sv_mortalcopy>.
8373 Perl_sv_2mortal(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
8378 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvIMMORTAL(sv))
8380 PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(sv);
8388 Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
8389 SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
8390 strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
8396 Perl_newSVpv(pTHX_ const char *const s, const STRLEN len)
8402 sv_setpvn(sv, s, len || s == NULL ? len : strlen(s));
8407 =for apidoc newSVpvn
8409 Creates a new SV and copies a buffer into it, which may contain NUL characters
8410 (C<\0>) and other binary data. The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
8411 Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length (Perl) string. You
8412 are responsible for ensuring that the source buffer is at least
8413 C<len> bytes long. If the C<buffer> argument is NULL the new SV will be
8420 Perl_newSVpvn(pTHX_ const char *const buffer, const STRLEN len)
8426 sv_setpvn(sv,buffer,len);
8431 =for apidoc newSVhek
8433 Creates a new SV from the hash key structure. It will generate scalars that
8434 point to the shared string table where possible. Returns a new (undefined)
8435 SV if the hek is NULL.
8441 Perl_newSVhek(pTHX_ const HEK *const hek)
8451 if (HEK_LEN(hek) == HEf_SVKEY) {
8452 return newSVsv(*(SV**)HEK_KEY(hek));
8454 const int flags = HEK_FLAGS(hek);
8455 if (flags & HVhek_WASUTF8) {
8457 Andreas would like keys he put in as utf8 to come back as utf8
8459 STRLEN utf8_len = HEK_LEN(hek);
8460 SV * const sv = newSV_type(SVt_PV);
8461 char *as_utf8 = (char *)bytes_to_utf8 ((U8*)HEK_KEY(hek), &utf8_len);
8462 /* bytes_to_utf8() allocates a new string, which we can repurpose: */
8463 sv_usepvn_flags(sv, as_utf8, utf8_len, SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
8466 } else if (flags & (HVhek_REHASH|HVhek_UNSHARED)) {
8467 /* We don't have a pointer to the hv, so we have to replicate the
8468 flag into every HEK. This hv is using custom a hasing
8469 algorithm. Hence we can't return a shared string scalar, as
8470 that would contain the (wrong) hash value, and might get passed
8471 into an hv routine with a regular hash.
8472 Similarly, a hash that isn't using shared hash keys has to have
8473 the flag in every key so that we know not to try to call
8474 share_hek_hek on it. */
8476 SV * const sv = newSVpvn (HEK_KEY(hek), HEK_LEN(hek));
8481 /* This will be overwhelminly the most common case. */
8483 /* Inline most of newSVpvn_share(), because share_hek_hek() is far
8484 more efficient than sharepvn(). */
8488 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
8489 SvPV_set(sv, (char *)HEK_KEY(share_hek_hek(hek)));
8490 SvCUR_set(sv, HEK_LEN(hek));
8503 =for apidoc newSVpvn_share
8505 Creates a new SV with its SvPVX_const pointing to a shared string in the string
8506 table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is
8507 created first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. If the C<hash> parameter
8508 is non-zero, that value is used; otherwise the hash is computed.
8509 The string's hash can later be retrieved from the SV
8510 with the C<SvSHARED_HASH()> macro. The idea here is
8511 that as the string table is used for shared hash keys these strings will have
8512 SvPVX_const == HeKEY and hash lookup will avoid string compare.
8518 Perl_newSVpvn_share(pTHX_ const char *src, I32 len, U32 hash)
8522 bool is_utf8 = FALSE;
8523 const char *const orig_src = src;
8526 STRLEN tmplen = -len;
8528 /* See the note in hv.c:hv_fetch() --jhi */
8529 src = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((const U8*)src, &tmplen, &is_utf8);
8533 PERL_HASH(hash, src, len);
8535 /* The logic for this is inlined in S_mro_get_linear_isa_dfs(), so if it
8536 changes here, update it there too. */
8537 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
8538 SvPV_set(sv, sharepvn(src, is_utf8?-len:len, hash));
8546 if (src != orig_src)
8552 =for apidoc newSVpv_share
8554 Like C<newSVpvn_share>, but takes a nul-terminated string instead of a
8561 Perl_newSVpv_share(pTHX_ const char *src, U32 hash)
8563 return newSVpvn_share(src, strlen(src), hash);
8566 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
8568 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
8569 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
8570 * Don't access this version directly.
8574 Perl_newSVpvf_nocontext(const char *const pat, ...)
8580 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVPVF_NOCONTEXT;
8582 va_start(args, pat);
8583 sv = vnewSVpvf(pat, &args);
8590 =for apidoc newSVpvf
8592 Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
8599 Perl_newSVpvf(pTHX_ const char *const pat, ...)
8604 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVPVF;
8606 va_start(args, pat);
8607 sv = vnewSVpvf(pat, &args);
8612 /* backend for newSVpvf() and newSVpvf_nocontext() */
8615 Perl_vnewSVpvf(pTHX_ const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
8620 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VNEWSVPVF;
8623 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
8630 Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
8631 The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
8637 Perl_newSVnv(pTHX_ const NV n)
8650 Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
8657 Perl_newSViv(pTHX_ const IV i)
8670 Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
8671 The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
8677 Perl_newSVuv(pTHX_ const UV u)
8688 =for apidoc newSV_type
8690 Creates a new SV, of the type specified. The reference count for the new SV
8697 Perl_newSV_type(pTHX_ const svtype type)
8702 sv_upgrade(sv, type);
8707 =for apidoc newRV_noinc
8709 Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
8710 SV is B<not> incremented.
8716 Perl_newRV_noinc(pTHX_ SV *const tmpRef)
8719 register SV *sv = newSV_type(SVt_IV);
8721 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWRV_NOINC;
8724 SvRV_set(sv, tmpRef);
8729 /* newRV_inc is the official function name to use now.
8730 * newRV_inc is in fact #defined to newRV in sv.h
8734 Perl_newRV(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
8738 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWRV;
8740 return newRV_noinc(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(sv));
8746 Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
8753 Perl_newSVsv(pTHX_ register SV *const old)
8760 if (SvTYPE(old) == (svtype)SVTYPEMASK) {
8761 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string");
8765 /* SV_GMAGIC is the default for sv_setv()
8766 SV_NOSTEAL prevents TEMP buffers being, well, stolen, and saves games
8767 with SvTEMP_off and SvTEMP_on round a call to sv_setsv. */
8768 sv_setsv_flags(sv, old, SV_GMAGIC | SV_NOSTEAL);
8773 =for apidoc sv_reset
8775 Underlying implementation for the C<reset> Perl function.
8776 Note that the perl-level function is vaguely deprecated.
8782 Perl_sv_reset(pTHX_ register const char *s, HV *const stash)
8785 char todo[PERL_UCHAR_MAX+1];
8787 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_RESET;
8792 if (!*s) { /* reset ?? searches */
8793 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
8795 const U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
8796 PMOP **pmp = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
8797 PMOP *const *const end = pmp + count;
8801 SvREADONLY_off(PL_regex_pad[(*pmp)->op_pmoffset]);
8803 (*pmp)->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_USED;
8811 /* reset variables */
8813 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
8816 Zero(todo, 256, char);
8819 I32 i = (unsigned char)*s;
8823 max = (unsigned char)*s++;
8824 for ( ; i <= max; i++) {
8827 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
8829 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i];
8831 entry = HeNEXT(entry))
8836 if (!todo[(U8)*HeKEY(entry)])
8838 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
8841 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
8842 if (!SvREADONLY(sv) && SvROK(sv))
8844 /* XXX Is this continue a bug? Why should THINKFIRST
8845 exempt us from resetting arrays and hashes? */
8849 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PV) {
8851 if (SvPVX_const(sv) != NULL)
8859 if (GvHV(gv) && !HvNAME_get(GvHV(gv))) {
8861 Perl_die(aTHX_ "Can't reset %%ENV on this system");
8864 # if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY)
8867 # endif /* USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY */
8878 Using various gambits, try to get an IO from an SV: the IO slot if its a
8879 GV; or the recursive result if we're an RV; or the IO slot of the symbol
8880 named after the PV if we're a string.
8882 'Get' magic is ignored on the sv passed in, but will be called on
8883 C<SvRV(sv)> if sv is an RV.
8889 Perl_sv_2io(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
8894 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2IO;
8896 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
8898 io = MUTABLE_IO(sv);
8902 if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
8903 gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
8906 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad filehandle: %"HEKf,
8907 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
8913 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "filehandle");
8915 SvGETMAGIC(SvRV(sv));
8916 return sv_2io(SvRV(sv));
8918 gv = gv_fetchsv_nomg(sv, 0, SVt_PVIO);
8925 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
8926 newsv = sv_newmortal();
8927 sv_setsv_nomg(newsv, sv);
8929 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad filehandle: %"SVf, SVfARG(newsv));
8939 Using various gambits, try to get a CV from an SV; in addition, try if
8940 possible to set C<*st> and C<*gvp> to the stash and GV associated with it.
8941 The flags in C<lref> are passed to gv_fetchsv.
8947 Perl_sv_2cv(pTHX_ SV *sv, HV **const st, GV **const gvp, const I32 lref)
8953 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2CV;
8960 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
8964 return MUTABLE_CV(sv);
8974 sv = amagic_deref_call(sv, to_cv_amg);
8977 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVCV) {
8978 cv = MUTABLE_CV(sv);
8983 else if(SvGETMAGIC(sv), isGV_with_GP(sv))
8984 gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
8986 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Not a subroutine reference");
8988 else if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
8989 gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
8992 gv = gv_fetchsv_nomg(sv, lref, SVt_PVCV);
8999 /* Some flags to gv_fetchsv mean don't really create the GV */
9000 if (!isGV_with_GP(gv)) {
9005 if (lref & ~GV_ADDMG && !GvCVu(gv)) {
9009 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
9010 /* XXX this is probably not what they think they're getting.
9011 * It has the same effect as "sub name;", i.e. just a forward
9013 newSUB(start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
9014 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, tmpsv),
9018 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unable to create sub named \"%"SVf"\"",
9019 SVfARG(SvOK(sv) ? sv : &PL_sv_no));
9028 Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
9029 Use the C<SvTRUE> macro instead, which may call C<sv_true()> or may
9030 instead use an in-line version.
9036 Perl_sv_true(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
9041 register const XPV* const tXpv = (XPV*)SvANY(sv);
9043 (tXpv->xpv_cur > 1 ||
9044 (tXpv->xpv_cur && *sv->sv_u.svu_pv != '0')))
9051 return SvIVX(sv) != 0;
9054 return SvNVX(sv) != 0.0;
9056 return sv_2bool(sv);
9062 =for apidoc sv_pvn_force
9064 Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
9065 A private implementation of the C<SvPV_force> macro for compilers which
9066 can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
9068 =for apidoc sv_pvn_force_flags
9070 Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
9071 If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if
9072 appropriate, else not. C<sv_pvn_force> and C<sv_pvn_force_nomg> are
9073 implemented in terms of this function.
9074 You normally want to use the various wrapper macros instead: see
9075 C<SvPV_force> and C<SvPV_force_nomg>
9081 Perl_sv_pvn_force_flags(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp, const I32 flags)
9085 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_PVN_FORCE_FLAGS;
9087 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC) SvGETMAGIC(sv);
9088 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv) && !SvROK(sv))
9089 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
9099 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !(flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)) {
9100 const char * const ref = sv_reftype(sv,0);
9102 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce readonly %s to string in %s",
9103 ref, OP_DESC(PL_op));
9105 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce readonly %s to string", ref);
9107 if ((SvTYPE(sv) > SVt_PVLV && SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVFM)
9108 || isGV_with_GP(sv))
9109 /* diag_listed_as: Can't coerce %s to %s in %s */
9110 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to string in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
9112 s = sv_2pv_flags(sv, &len, flags &~ SV_GMAGIC);
9119 if (s != SvPVX_const(sv)) { /* Almost, but not quite, sv_setpvn() */
9122 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV); /* Never FALSE */
9123 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
9124 Move(s,SvPVX(sv),len,char);
9126 SvPVX(sv)[len] = '\0';
9129 SvPOK_on(sv); /* validate pointer */
9131 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2pv(%s)\n",
9132 PTR2UV(sv),SvPVX_const(sv)));
9135 return SvPVX_mutable(sv);
9139 =for apidoc sv_pvbyten_force
9141 The backend for the C<SvPVbytex_force> macro. Always use the macro
9148 Perl_sv_pvbyten_force(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp)
9150 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_PVBYTEN_FORCE;
9152 sv_pvn_force(sv,lp);
9153 sv_utf8_downgrade(sv,0);
9159 =for apidoc sv_pvutf8n_force
9161 The backend for the C<SvPVutf8x_force> macro. Always use the macro
9168 Perl_sv_pvutf8n_force(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp)
9170 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_PVUTF8N_FORCE;
9172 sv_pvn_force(sv,lp);
9173 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
9179 =for apidoc sv_reftype
9181 Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.
9187 Perl_sv_reftype(pTHX_ const SV *const sv, const int ob)
9189 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_REFTYPE;
9190 if (ob && SvOBJECT(sv)) {
9191 return SvPV_nolen_const(sv_ref(NULL, sv, ob));
9194 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
9209 case SVt_PVLV: return (char *) (SvROK(sv) ? "REF"
9210 /* tied lvalues should appear to be
9211 * scalars for backwards compatibility */
9212 : (LvTYPE(sv) == 't' || LvTYPE(sv) == 'T')
9213 ? "SCALAR" : "LVALUE");
9214 case SVt_PVAV: return "ARRAY";
9215 case SVt_PVHV: return "HASH";
9216 case SVt_PVCV: return "CODE";
9217 case SVt_PVGV: return (char *) (isGV_with_GP(sv)
9218 ? "GLOB" : "SCALAR");
9219 case SVt_PVFM: return "FORMAT";
9220 case SVt_PVIO: return "IO";
9221 case SVt_BIND: return "BIND";
9222 case SVt_REGEXP: return "REGEXP";
9223 default: return "UNKNOWN";
9231 Returns a SV describing what the SV passed in is a reference to.
9237 Perl_sv_ref(pTHX_ register SV *dst, const SV *const sv, const int ob)
9239 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_REF;
9242 dst = sv_newmortal();
9244 if (ob && SvOBJECT(sv)) {
9245 HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(sv))
9246 ? sv_sethek(dst, HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(sv)))
9247 : sv_setpvn(dst, "__ANON__", 8);
9250 const char * reftype = sv_reftype(sv, 0);
9251 sv_setpv(dst, reftype);
9257 =for apidoc sv_isobject
9259 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
9260 object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
9267 Perl_sv_isobject(pTHX_ SV *sv)
9283 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
9284 class. This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
9285 an inheritance relationship.
9291 Perl_sv_isa(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *const name)
9295 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_ISA;
9305 hvname = HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(sv));
9309 return strEQ(hvname, name);
9315 Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
9316 it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
9317 be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
9318 reference count is 1.
9324 Perl_newSVrv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname)
9329 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVRV;
9333 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(rv);
9335 if (SvTYPE(rv) >= SVt_PVMG) {
9336 const U32 refcnt = SvREFCNT(rv);
9340 SvREFCNT(rv) = refcnt;
9342 sv_upgrade(rv, SVt_IV);
9343 } else if (SvROK(rv)) {
9344 SvREFCNT_dec(SvRV(rv));
9346 prepare_SV_for_RV(rv);
9354 HV* const stash = gv_stashpv(classname, GV_ADD);
9355 (void)sv_bless(rv, stash);
9361 =for apidoc sv_setref_pv
9363 Copies a pointer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
9364 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
9365 the new SV. If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
9366 into the SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
9367 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
9368 will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
9370 Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
9371 objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
9373 Note that C<sv_setref_pvn> copies the string while this copies the pointer.
9379 Perl_sv_setref_pv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname, void *const pv)
9383 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_PV;
9386 sv_setsv(rv, &PL_sv_undef);
9390 sv_setiv(newSVrv(rv,classname), PTR2IV(pv));
9395 =for apidoc sv_setref_iv
9397 Copies an integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
9398 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
9399 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
9400 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
9401 will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
9407 Perl_sv_setref_iv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname, const IV iv)
9409 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_IV;
9411 sv_setiv(newSVrv(rv,classname), iv);
9416 =for apidoc sv_setref_uv
9418 Copies an unsigned integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
9419 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
9420 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
9421 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
9422 will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
9428 Perl_sv_setref_uv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname, const UV uv)
9430 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_UV;
9432 sv_setuv(newSVrv(rv,classname), uv);
9437 =for apidoc sv_setref_nv
9439 Copies a double into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
9440 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
9441 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
9442 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
9443 will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
9449 Perl_sv_setref_nv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname, const NV nv)
9451 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_NV;
9453 sv_setnv(newSVrv(rv,classname), nv);
9458 =for apidoc sv_setref_pvn
9460 Copies a string into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The length of the
9461 string must be specified with C<n>. The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
9462 an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The C<classname>
9463 argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set C<classname> to
9464 C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will have a reference count
9465 of 1, and the RV will be returned.
9467 Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.
9473 Perl_sv_setref_pvn(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname,
9474 const char *const pv, const STRLEN n)
9476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_PVN;
9478 sv_setpvn(newSVrv(rv,classname), pv, n);
9483 =for apidoc sv_bless
9485 Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV. The package
9486 must be designated by its stash (see C<gv_stashpv()>). The reference count
9487 of the SV is unaffected.
9493 Perl_sv_bless(pTHX_ SV *const sv, HV *const stash)
9498 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_BLESS;
9501 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't bless non-reference value");
9503 if (SvFLAGS(tmpRef) & (SVs_OBJECT|SVf_READONLY)) {
9504 if (SvIsCOW(tmpRef))
9505 sv_force_normal_flags(tmpRef, 0);
9506 if (SvREADONLY(tmpRef))
9507 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
9508 if (SvOBJECT(tmpRef)) {
9509 if (SvTYPE(tmpRef) != SVt_PVIO)
9511 SvREFCNT_dec(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
9514 SvOBJECT_on(tmpRef);
9515 if (SvTYPE(tmpRef) != SVt_PVIO)
9517 SvUPGRADE(tmpRef, SVt_PVMG);
9518 SvSTASH_set(tmpRef, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(stash)));
9520 if(SvSMAGICAL(tmpRef))
9521 if(mg_find(tmpRef, PERL_MAGIC_ext) || mg_find(tmpRef, PERL_MAGIC_uvar))
9529 /* Downgrades a PVGV to a PVMG. If it's actually a PVLV, we leave the type
9530 * as it is after unglobbing it.
9533 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
9534 S_sv_unglob(pTHX_ SV *const sv, U32 flags)
9539 SV * const temp = flags & SV_COW_DROP_PV ? NULL : sv_newmortal();
9541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UNGLOB;
9543 assert(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV || SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVLV);
9545 if (!(flags & SV_COW_DROP_PV))
9546 gv_efullname3(temp, MUTABLE_GV(sv), "*");
9549 if(GvCVu((const GV *)sv) && (stash = GvSTASH(MUTABLE_GV(sv)))
9550 && HvNAME_get(stash))
9551 mro_method_changed_in(stash);
9552 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
9555 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(GvSTASH(sv)), sv);
9559 if (GvNAME_HEK(sv)) {
9560 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(sv));
9562 isGV_with_GP_off(sv);
9564 if(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV) {
9565 /* need to keep SvANY(sv) in the right arena */
9566 xpvmg = new_XPVMG();
9567 StructCopy(SvANY(sv), xpvmg, XPVMG);
9568 del_XPVGV(SvANY(sv));
9571 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVTYPEMASK;
9572 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVt_PVMG;
9575 /* Intentionally not calling any local SET magic, as this isn't so much a
9576 set operation as merely an internal storage change. */
9577 if (flags & SV_COW_DROP_PV) SvOK_off(sv);
9578 else sv_setsv_flags(sv, temp, 0);
9580 if ((const GV *)sv == PL_last_in_gv)
9581 PL_last_in_gv = NULL;
9582 else if ((const GV *)sv == PL_statgv)
9587 =for apidoc sv_unref_flags
9589 Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
9590 whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
9591 as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. The C<cflags> argument can contain
9592 C<SV_IMMEDIATE_UNREF> to force the reference count to be decremented
9593 (otherwise the decrementing is conditional on the reference count being
9594 different from one or the reference being a readonly SV).
9601 Perl_sv_unref_flags(pTHX_ SV *const ref, const U32 flags)
9603 SV* const target = SvRV(ref);
9605 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UNREF_FLAGS;
9607 if (SvWEAKREF(ref)) {
9608 sv_del_backref(target, ref);
9610 SvRV_set(ref, NULL);
9613 SvRV_set(ref, NULL);
9615 /* You can't have a || SvREADONLY(target) here, as $a = $$a, where $a was
9616 assigned to as BEGIN {$a = \"Foo"} will fail. */
9617 if (SvREFCNT(target) != 1 || (flags & SV_IMMEDIATE_UNREF))
9618 SvREFCNT_dec(target);
9619 else /* XXX Hack, but hard to make $a=$a->[1] work otherwise */
9620 sv_2mortal(target); /* Schedule for freeing later */
9624 =for apidoc sv_untaint
9626 Untaint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_off> instead.
9632 Perl_sv_untaint(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
9634 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UNTAINT;
9636 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
9637 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_taint);
9644 =for apidoc sv_tainted
9646 Test an SV for taintedness. Use C<SvTAINTED> instead.
9652 Perl_sv_tainted(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
9654 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_TAINTED;
9656 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
9657 const MAGIC * const mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_taint);
9658 if (mg && (mg->mg_len & 1) )
9665 =for apidoc sv_setpviv
9667 Copies an integer into the given SV, also updating its string value.
9668 Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpviv_mg>.
9674 Perl_sv_setpviv(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const IV iv)
9676 char buf[TYPE_CHARS(UV)];
9678 char * const ptr = uiv_2buf(buf, iv, 0, 0, &ebuf);
9680 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVIV;
9682 sv_setpvn(sv, ptr, ebuf - ptr);
9686 =for apidoc sv_setpviv_mg
9688 Like C<sv_setpviv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9694 Perl_sv_setpviv_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const IV iv)
9696 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVIV_MG;
9702 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
9704 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
9705 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
9706 * Don't access this version directly.
9710 Perl_sv_setpvf_nocontext(SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9715 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVF_NOCONTEXT;
9717 va_start(args, pat);
9718 sv_vsetpvf(sv, pat, &args);
9722 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
9723 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
9724 * Don't access this version directly.
9728 Perl_sv_setpvf_mg_nocontext(SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9733 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVF_MG_NOCONTEXT;
9735 va_start(args, pat);
9736 sv_vsetpvf_mg(sv, pat, &args);
9742 =for apidoc sv_setpvf
9744 Works like C<sv_catpvf> but copies the text into the SV instead of
9745 appending it. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
9751 Perl_sv_setpvf(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9755 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVF;
9757 va_start(args, pat);
9758 sv_vsetpvf(sv, pat, &args);
9763 =for apidoc sv_vsetpvf
9765 Works like C<sv_vcatpvf> but copies the text into the SV instead of
9766 appending it. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_vsetpvf_mg>.
9768 Usually used via its frontend C<sv_setpvf>.
9774 Perl_sv_vsetpvf(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
9776 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VSETPVF;
9778 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
9782 =for apidoc sv_setpvf_mg
9784 Like C<sv_setpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9790 Perl_sv_setpvf_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9794 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVF_MG;
9796 va_start(args, pat);
9797 sv_vsetpvf_mg(sv, pat, &args);
9802 =for apidoc sv_vsetpvf_mg
9804 Like C<sv_vsetpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9806 Usually used via its frontend C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
9812 Perl_sv_vsetpvf_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
9814 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VSETPVF_MG;
9816 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
9820 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
9822 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
9823 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
9824 * Don't access this version directly.
9828 Perl_sv_catpvf_nocontext(SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9833 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVF_NOCONTEXT;
9835 va_start(args, pat);
9836 sv_vcatpvf(sv, pat, &args);
9840 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
9841 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
9842 * Don't access this version directly.
9846 Perl_sv_catpvf_mg_nocontext(SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9851 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVF_MG_NOCONTEXT;
9853 va_start(args, pat);
9854 sv_vcatpvf_mg(sv, pat, &args);
9860 =for apidoc sv_catpvf
9862 Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and appends the formatted
9863 output to an SV. If the appended data contains "wide" characters
9864 (including, but not limited to, SVs with a UTF-8 PV formatted with %s,
9865 and characters >255 formatted with %c), the original SV might get
9866 upgraded to UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See
9867 C<sv_catpvf_mg>. If the original SV was UTF-8, the pattern should be
9868 valid UTF-8; if the original SV was bytes, the pattern should be too.
9873 Perl_sv_catpvf(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9877 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVF;
9879 va_start(args, pat);
9880 sv_vcatpvf(sv, pat, &args);
9885 =for apidoc sv_vcatpvf
9887 Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
9888 to an SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_vcatpvf_mg>.
9890 Usually used via its frontend C<sv_catpvf>.
9896 Perl_sv_vcatpvf(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
9898 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VCATPVF;
9900 sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
9904 =for apidoc sv_catpvf_mg
9906 Like C<sv_catpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9912 Perl_sv_catpvf_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9916 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVF_MG;
9918 va_start(args, pat);
9919 sv_vcatpvf_mg(sv, pat, &args);
9924 =for apidoc sv_vcatpvf_mg
9926 Like C<sv_vcatpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9928 Usually used via its frontend C<sv_catpvf_mg>.
9934 Perl_sv_vcatpvf_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
9936 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VCATPVF_MG;
9938 sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
9943 =for apidoc sv_vsetpvfn
9945 Works like C<sv_vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
9948 Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_vsetpvf> and C<sv_vsetpvf_mg>.
9954 Perl_sv_vsetpvfn(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, const STRLEN patlen,
9955 va_list *const args, SV **const svargs, const I32 svmax, bool *const maybe_tainted)
9957 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VSETPVFN;
9960 sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, maybe_tainted);
9965 * Warn of missing argument to sprintf, and then return a defined value
9966 * to avoid inappropriate "use of uninit" warnings [perl #71000].
9968 #define WARN_MISSING WARN_UNINITIALIZED /* Not sure we want a new category */
9970 S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(pTHX) {
9971 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISSING)) {
9972 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISSING), "Missing argument in %s",
9973 PL_op ? OP_DESC(PL_op) : "sv_vcatpvfn()");
9980 S_expect_number(pTHX_ char **const pattern)
9985 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_EXPECT_NUMBER;
9987 switch (**pattern) {
9988 case '1': case '2': case '3':
9989 case '4': case '5': case '6':
9990 case '7': case '8': case '9':
9991 var = *(*pattern)++ - '0';
9992 while (isDIGIT(**pattern)) {
9993 const I32 tmp = var * 10 + (*(*pattern)++ - '0');
9995 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Integer overflow in format string for %s", (PL_op ? OP_DESC(PL_op) : "sv_vcatpvfn"));
10003 S_F0convert(NV nv, char *const endbuf, STRLEN *const len)
10005 const int neg = nv < 0;
10008 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_F0CONVERT;
10016 if (uv & 1 && uv == nv)
10017 uv--; /* Round to even */
10019 const unsigned dig = uv % 10;
10021 } while (uv /= 10);
10032 =for apidoc sv_vcatpvfn
10034 Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
10035 to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
10036 missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
10037 C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
10040 Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_vcatpvf> and C<sv_vcatpvf_mg>.
10046 #define VECTORIZE_ARGS vecsv = va_arg(*args, SV*);\
10047 vecstr = (U8*)SvPV_const(vecsv,veclen);\
10048 vec_utf8 = DO_UTF8(vecsv);
10050 /* XXX maybe_tainted is never assigned to, so the doc above is lying. */
10053 Perl_sv_vcatpvfn(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, const STRLEN patlen,
10054 va_list *const args, SV **const svargs, const I32 svmax, bool *const maybe_tainted)
10059 const char *patend;
10062 static const char nullstr[] = "(null)";
10064 bool has_utf8 = DO_UTF8(sv); /* has the result utf8? */
10065 const bool pat_utf8 = has_utf8; /* the pattern is in utf8? */
10067 /* Times 4: a decimal digit takes more than 3 binary digits.
10068 * NV_DIG: mantissa takes than many decimal digits.
10069 * Plus 32: Playing safe. */
10070 char ebuf[IV_DIG * 4 + NV_DIG + 32];
10071 /* large enough for "%#.#f" --chip */
10072 /* what about long double NVs? --jhi */
10074 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VCATPVFN;
10075 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(maybe_tainted);
10077 /* no matter what, this is a string now */
10078 (void)SvPV_force(sv, origlen);
10080 /* special-case "", "%s", and "%-p" (SVf - see below) */
10083 if (patlen == 2 && pat[0] == '%' && pat[1] == 's') {
10085 const char * const s = va_arg(*args, char*);
10086 sv_catpv(sv, s ? s : nullstr);
10088 else if (svix < svmax) {
10089 sv_catsv(sv, *svargs);
10092 S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
10095 if (args && patlen == 3 && pat[0] == '%' &&
10096 pat[1] == '-' && pat[2] == 'p') {
10097 argsv = MUTABLE_SV(va_arg(*args, void*));
10098 sv_catsv(sv, argsv);
10102 #ifndef USE_LONG_DOUBLE
10103 /* special-case "%.<number>[gf]" */
10104 if ( !args && patlen <= 5 && pat[0] == '%' && pat[1] == '.'
10105 && (pat[patlen-1] == 'g' || pat[patlen-1] == 'f') ) {
10106 unsigned digits = 0;
10110 while (*pp >= '0' && *pp <= '9')
10111 digits = 10 * digits + (*pp++ - '0');
10112 if (pp - pat == (int)patlen - 1 && svix < svmax) {
10113 const NV nv = SvNV(*svargs);
10115 /* Add check for digits != 0 because it seems that some
10116 gconverts are buggy in this case, and we don't yet have
10117 a Configure test for this. */
10118 if (digits && digits < sizeof(ebuf) - NV_DIG - 10) {
10119 /* 0, point, slack */
10120 Gconvert(nv, (int)digits, 0, ebuf);
10121 sv_catpv(sv, ebuf);
10122 if (*ebuf) /* May return an empty string for digits==0 */
10125 } else if (!digits) {
10128 if ((p = F0convert(nv, ebuf + sizeof ebuf, &l))) {
10129 sv_catpvn(sv, p, l);
10135 #endif /* !USE_LONG_DOUBLE */
10137 if (!args && svix < svmax && DO_UTF8(*svargs))
10140 patend = (char*)pat + patlen;
10141 for (p = (char*)pat; p < patend; p = q) {
10144 bool vectorize = FALSE;
10145 bool vectorarg = FALSE;
10146 bool vec_utf8 = FALSE;
10152 bool has_precis = FALSE;
10154 const I32 osvix = svix;
10155 bool is_utf8 = FALSE; /* is this item utf8? */
10156 #ifdef HAS_LDBL_SPRINTF_BUG
10157 /* This is to try to fix a bug with irix/nonstop-ux/powerux and
10158 with sfio - Allen <allens@cpan.org> */
10159 bool fix_ldbl_sprintf_bug = FALSE;
10163 U8 utf8buf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
10164 STRLEN esignlen = 0;
10166 const char *eptr = NULL;
10167 const char *fmtstart;
10170 const U8 *vecstr = NULL;
10177 /* we need a long double target in case HAS_LONG_DOUBLE but
10178 not USE_LONG_DOUBLE
10180 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && LONG_DOUBLESIZE > DOUBLESIZE
10188 const char *dotstr = ".";
10189 STRLEN dotstrlen = 1;
10190 I32 efix = 0; /* explicit format parameter index */
10191 I32 ewix = 0; /* explicit width index */
10192 I32 epix = 0; /* explicit precision index */
10193 I32 evix = 0; /* explicit vector index */
10194 bool asterisk = FALSE;
10196 /* echo everything up to the next format specification */
10197 for (q = p; q < patend && *q != '%'; ++q) ;
10199 if (has_utf8 && !pat_utf8)
10200 sv_catpvn_utf8_upgrade(sv, p, q - p, nsv);
10202 sv_catpvn(sv, p, q - p);
10211 We allow format specification elements in this order:
10212 \d+\$ explicit format parameter index
10214 v|\*(\d+\$)?v vector with optional (optionally specified) arg
10215 0 flag (as above): repeated to allow "v02"
10216 \d+|\*(\d+\$)? width using optional (optionally specified) arg
10217 \.(\d*|\*(\d+\$)?) precision using optional (optionally specified) arg
10219 [%bcdefginopsuxDFOUX] format (mandatory)
10224 As of perl5.9.3, printf format checking is on by default.
10225 Internally, perl uses %p formats to provide an escape to
10226 some extended formatting. This block deals with those
10227 extensions: if it does not match, (char*)q is reset and
10228 the normal format processing code is used.
10230 Currently defined extensions are:
10231 %p include pointer address (standard)
10232 %-p (SVf) include an SV (previously %_)
10233 %-<num>p include an SV with precision <num>
10235 %3p include a HEK with precision of 256
10236 %<num>p (where num != 2 or 3) reserved for future
10239 Robin Barker 2005-07-14 (but modified since)
10241 %1p (VDf) removed. RMB 2007-10-19
10248 n = expect_number(&q);
10250 if (sv) { /* SVf */
10255 argsv = MUTABLE_SV(va_arg(*args, void*));
10256 eptr = SvPV_const(argsv, elen);
10257 if (DO_UTF8(argsv))
10261 else if (n==2 || n==3) { /* HEKf */
10262 HEK * const hek = va_arg(*args, HEK *);
10263 eptr = HEK_KEY(hek);
10264 elen = HEK_LEN(hek);
10265 if (HEK_UTF8(hek)) is_utf8 = TRUE;
10266 if (n==3) precis = 256, has_precis = TRUE;
10270 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
10271 "internal %%<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions");
10277 if ( (width = expect_number(&q)) ) {
10292 if (plus == '+' && *q == ' ') /* '+' over ' ' */
10321 if ( (ewix = expect_number(&q)) )
10330 if ((vectorarg = asterisk)) {
10343 width = expect_number(&q);
10346 if (vectorize && vectorarg) {
10347 /* vectorizing, but not with the default "." */
10349 vecsv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
10351 vecsv = (evix > 0 && evix <= svmax)
10352 ? svargs[evix-1] : S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
10354 vecsv = svix < svmax
10355 ? svargs[svix++] : S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
10357 dotstr = SvPV_const(vecsv, dotstrlen);
10358 /* Keep the DO_UTF8 test *after* the SvPV call, else things go
10359 bad with tied or overloaded values that return UTF8. */
10360 if (DO_UTF8(vecsv))
10362 else if (has_utf8) {
10363 vecsv = sv_mortalcopy(vecsv);
10364 sv_utf8_upgrade(vecsv);
10365 dotstr = SvPV_const(vecsv, dotstrlen);
10372 i = va_arg(*args, int);
10374 i = (ewix ? ewix <= svmax : svix < svmax) ?
10375 SvIVx(svargs[ewix ? ewix-1 : svix++]) : 0;
10377 width = (i < 0) ? -i : i;
10387 if ( ((epix = expect_number(&q))) && (*q++ != '$') )
10389 /* XXX: todo, support specified precision parameter */
10393 i = va_arg(*args, int);
10395 i = (ewix ? ewix <= svmax : svix < svmax)
10396 ? SvIVx(svargs[ewix ? ewix-1 : svix++]) : 0;
10398 has_precis = !(i < 0);
10402 while (isDIGIT(*q))
10403 precis = precis * 10 + (*q++ - '0');
10412 else if (efix ? (efix > 0 && efix <= svmax) : svix < svmax) {
10413 vecsv = svargs[efix ? efix-1 : svix++];
10414 vecstr = (U8*)SvPV_const(vecsv,veclen);
10415 vec_utf8 = DO_UTF8(vecsv);
10417 /* if this is a version object, we need to convert
10418 * back into v-string notation and then let the
10419 * vectorize happen normally
10421 if (sv_isobject(vecsv) && sv_derived_from(vecsv, "version")) {
10422 char *version = savesvpv(vecsv);
10423 if ( hv_exists(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(vecsv)), "alpha", 5 ) ) {
10424 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
10425 "vector argument not supported with alpha versions");
10428 vecsv = sv_newmortal();
10429 scan_vstring(version, version + veclen, vecsv);
10430 vecstr = (U8*)SvPV_const(vecsv, veclen);
10431 vec_utf8 = DO_UTF8(vecsv);
10445 case 'I': /* Ix, I32x, and I64x */
10447 if (q[1] == '6' && q[2] == '4') {
10453 if (q[1] == '3' && q[2] == '2') {
10463 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) || defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE)
10475 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) || defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE)
10476 if (*q == 'l') { /* lld, llf */
10485 if (*++q == 'h') { /* hhd, hhu */
10514 if (!vectorize && !args) {
10516 const I32 i = efix-1;
10517 argsv = (i >= 0 && i < svmax)
10518 ? svargs[i] : S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
10520 argsv = (svix >= 0 && svix < svmax)
10521 ? svargs[svix++] : S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
10525 switch (c = *q++) {
10532 uv = (args) ? va_arg(*args, int) : SvIV(argsv);
10534 (!UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv) && SvUTF8(sv)))
10536 eptr = (char*)utf8buf;
10537 elen = uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)eptr, uv) - utf8buf;
10551 eptr = va_arg(*args, char*);
10553 elen = strlen(eptr);
10555 eptr = (char *)nullstr;
10556 elen = sizeof nullstr - 1;
10560 eptr = SvPV_const(argsv, elen);
10561 if (DO_UTF8(argsv)) {
10562 STRLEN old_precis = precis;
10563 if (has_precis && precis < elen) {
10564 STRLEN ulen = sv_len_utf8(argsv);
10565 I32 p = precis > ulen ? ulen : precis;
10566 sv_pos_u2b(argsv, &p, 0); /* sticks at end */
10569 if (width) { /* fudge width (can't fudge elen) */
10570 if (has_precis && precis < elen)
10571 width += precis - old_precis;
10573 width += elen - sv_len_utf8(argsv);
10580 if (has_precis && precis < elen)
10587 if (alt || vectorize)
10589 uv = PTR2UV(args ? va_arg(*args, void*) : argsv);
10610 uv = utf8n_to_uvchr(vecstr, veclen, &ulen,
10619 esignbuf[esignlen++] = plus;
10623 case 'c': iv = (char)va_arg(*args, int); break;
10624 case 'h': iv = (short)va_arg(*args, int); break;
10625 case 'l': iv = va_arg(*args, long); break;
10626 case 'V': iv = va_arg(*args, IV); break;
10627 case 'z': iv = va_arg(*args, SSize_t); break;
10628 case 't': iv = va_arg(*args, ptrdiff_t); break;
10629 default: iv = va_arg(*args, int); break;
10631 case 'j': iv = va_arg(*args, intmax_t); break;
10635 iv = va_arg(*args, Quad_t); break;
10642 IV tiv = SvIV(argsv); /* work around GCC bug #13488 */
10644 case 'c': iv = (char)tiv; break;
10645 case 'h': iv = (short)tiv; break;
10646 case 'l': iv = (long)tiv; break;
10648 default: iv = tiv; break;
10651 iv = (Quad_t)tiv; break;
10657 if ( !vectorize ) /* we already set uv above */
10662 esignbuf[esignlen++] = plus;
10666 esignbuf[esignlen++] = '-';
10710 uv = utf8n_to_uvchr(vecstr, veclen, &ulen,
10721 case 'c': uv = (unsigned char)va_arg(*args, unsigned); break;
10722 case 'h': uv = (unsigned short)va_arg(*args, unsigned); break;
10723 case 'l': uv = va_arg(*args, unsigned long); break;
10724 case 'V': uv = va_arg(*args, UV); break;
10725 case 'z': uv = va_arg(*args, Size_t); break;
10726 case 't': uv = va_arg(*args, ptrdiff_t); break; /* will sign extend, but there is no uptrdiff_t, so oh well */
10728 case 'j': uv = va_arg(*args, uintmax_t); break;
10730 default: uv = va_arg(*args, unsigned); break;
10733 uv = va_arg(*args, Uquad_t); break;
10740 UV tuv = SvUV(argsv); /* work around GCC bug #13488 */
10742 case 'c': uv = (unsigned char)tuv; break;
10743 case 'h': uv = (unsigned short)tuv; break;
10744 case 'l': uv = (unsigned long)tuv; break;
10746 default: uv = tuv; break;
10749 uv = (Uquad_t)tuv; break;
10758 char *ptr = ebuf + sizeof ebuf;
10759 bool tempalt = uv ? alt : FALSE; /* Vectors can't change alt */
10765 p = (char *)((c == 'X') ? PL_hexdigit + 16 : PL_hexdigit);
10769 } while (uv >>= 4);
10771 esignbuf[esignlen++] = '0';
10772 esignbuf[esignlen++] = c; /* 'x' or 'X' */
10778 *--ptr = '0' + dig;
10779 } while (uv >>= 3);
10780 if (alt && *ptr != '0')
10786 *--ptr = '0' + dig;
10787 } while (uv >>= 1);
10789 esignbuf[esignlen++] = '0';
10790 esignbuf[esignlen++] = c;
10793 default: /* it had better be ten or less */
10796 *--ptr = '0' + dig;
10797 } while (uv /= base);
10800 elen = (ebuf + sizeof ebuf) - ptr;
10804 zeros = precis - elen;
10805 else if (precis == 0 && elen == 1 && *eptr == '0'
10806 && !(base == 8 && alt)) /* "%#.0o" prints "0" */
10809 /* a precision nullifies the 0 flag. */
10816 /* FLOATING POINT */
10819 c = 'f'; /* maybe %F isn't supported here */
10821 case 'e': case 'E':
10823 case 'g': case 'G':
10827 /* This is evil, but floating point is even more evil */
10829 /* for SV-style calling, we can only get NV
10830 for C-style calling, we assume %f is double;
10831 for simplicity we allow any of %Lf, %llf, %qf for long double
10835 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
10839 /* [perl #20339] - we should accept and ignore %lf rather than die */
10843 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
10844 intsize = args ? 0 : 'q';
10848 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE)
10861 /* now we need (long double) if intsize == 'q', else (double) */
10863 #if LONG_DOUBLESIZE > DOUBLESIZE
10865 va_arg(*args, long double) :
10866 va_arg(*args, double)
10868 va_arg(*args, double)
10873 /* nv * 0 will be NaN for NaN, +Inf and -Inf, and 0 for anything
10874 else. frexp() has some unspecified behaviour for those three */
10875 if (c != 'e' && c != 'E' && (nv * 0) == 0) {
10877 /* FIXME: if HAS_LONG_DOUBLE but not USE_LONG_DOUBLE this
10878 will cast our (long double) to (double) */
10879 (void)Perl_frexp(nv, &i);
10880 if (i == PERL_INT_MIN)
10881 Perl_die(aTHX_ "panic: frexp");
10883 need = BIT_DIGITS(i);
10885 need += has_precis ? precis : 6; /* known default */
10890 #ifdef HAS_LDBL_SPRINTF_BUG
10891 /* This is to try to fix a bug with irix/nonstop-ux/powerux and
10892 with sfio - Allen <allens@cpan.org> */
10895 # define MY_DBL_MAX DBL_MAX
10896 # else /* XXX guessing! HUGE_VAL may be defined as infinity, so not using */
10897 # if DOUBLESIZE >= 8
10898 # define MY_DBL_MAX 1.7976931348623157E+308L
10900 # define MY_DBL_MAX 3.40282347E+38L
10904 # ifdef HAS_LDBL_SPRINTF_BUG_LESS1 /* only between -1L & 1L - Allen */
10905 # define MY_DBL_MAX_BUG 1L
10907 # define MY_DBL_MAX_BUG MY_DBL_MAX
10911 # define MY_DBL_MIN DBL_MIN
10912 # else /* XXX guessing! -Allen */
10913 # if DOUBLESIZE >= 8
10914 # define MY_DBL_MIN 2.2250738585072014E-308L
10916 # define MY_DBL_MIN 1.17549435E-38L
10920 if ((intsize == 'q') && (c == 'f') &&
10921 ((nv < MY_DBL_MAX_BUG) && (nv > -MY_DBL_MAX_BUG)) &&
10922 (need < DBL_DIG)) {
10923 /* it's going to be short enough that
10924 * long double precision is not needed */
10926 if ((nv <= 0L) && (nv >= -0L))
10927 fix_ldbl_sprintf_bug = TRUE; /* 0 is 0 - easiest */
10929 /* would use Perl_fp_class as a double-check but not
10930 * functional on IRIX - see perl.h comments */
10932 if ((nv >= MY_DBL_MIN) || (nv <= -MY_DBL_MIN)) {
10933 /* It's within the range that a double can represent */
10934 #if defined(DBL_MAX) && !defined(DBL_MIN)
10935 if ((nv >= ((long double)1/DBL_MAX)) ||
10936 (nv <= (-(long double)1/DBL_MAX)))
10938 fix_ldbl_sprintf_bug = TRUE;
10941 if (fix_ldbl_sprintf_bug == TRUE) {
10951 # undef MY_DBL_MAX_BUG
10954 #endif /* HAS_LDBL_SPRINTF_BUG */
10956 need += 20; /* fudge factor */
10957 if (PL_efloatsize < need) {
10958 Safefree(PL_efloatbuf);
10959 PL_efloatsize = need + 20; /* more fudge */
10960 Newx(PL_efloatbuf, PL_efloatsize, char);
10961 PL_efloatbuf[0] = '\0';
10964 if ( !(width || left || plus || alt) && fill != '0'
10965 && has_precis && intsize != 'q' ) { /* Shortcuts */
10966 /* See earlier comment about buggy Gconvert when digits,
10968 if ( c == 'g' && precis) {
10969 Gconvert((NV)nv, (int)precis, 0, PL_efloatbuf);
10970 /* May return an empty string for digits==0 */
10971 if (*PL_efloatbuf) {
10972 elen = strlen(PL_efloatbuf);
10973 goto float_converted;
10975 } else if ( c == 'f' && !precis) {
10976 if ((eptr = F0convert(nv, ebuf + sizeof ebuf, &elen)))
10981 char *ptr = ebuf + sizeof ebuf;
10984 /* FIXME: what to do if HAS_LONG_DOUBLE but not PERL_PRIfldbl? */
10985 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(PERL_PRIfldbl)
10986 if (intsize == 'q') {
10987 /* Copy the one or more characters in a long double
10988 * format before the 'base' ([efgEFG]) character to
10989 * the format string. */
10990 static char const prifldbl[] = PERL_PRIfldbl;
10991 char const *p = prifldbl + sizeof(prifldbl) - 3;
10992 while (p >= prifldbl) { *--ptr = *p--; }
10997 do { *--ptr = '0' + (base % 10); } while (base /= 10);
11002 do { *--ptr = '0' + (base % 10); } while (base /= 10);
11014 /* No taint. Otherwise we are in the strange situation
11015 * where printf() taints but print($float) doesn't.
11017 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE)
11018 elen = ((intsize == 'q')
11019 ? my_snprintf(PL_efloatbuf, PL_efloatsize, ptr, nv)
11020 : my_snprintf(PL_efloatbuf, PL_efloatsize, ptr, (double)nv));
11022 elen = my_sprintf(PL_efloatbuf, ptr, nv);
11026 eptr = PL_efloatbuf;
11034 i = SvCUR(sv) - origlen;
11037 case 'c': *(va_arg(*args, char*)) = i; break;
11038 case 'h': *(va_arg(*args, short*)) = i; break;
11039 default: *(va_arg(*args, int*)) = i; break;
11040 case 'l': *(va_arg(*args, long*)) = i; break;
11041 case 'V': *(va_arg(*args, IV*)) = i; break;
11042 case 'z': *(va_arg(*args, SSize_t*)) = i; break;
11043 case 't': *(va_arg(*args, ptrdiff_t*)) = i; break;
11045 case 'j': *(va_arg(*args, intmax_t*)) = i; break;
11049 *(va_arg(*args, Quad_t*)) = i; break;
11056 sv_setuv_mg(argsv, has_utf8 ? (UV)sv_len_utf8(sv) : (UV)i);
11057 continue; /* not "break" */
11064 && (PL_op->op_type == OP_PRTF || PL_op->op_type == OP_SPRINTF)
11065 && ckWARN(WARN_PRINTF))
11067 SV * const msg = sv_newmortal();
11068 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ msg, "Invalid conversion in %sprintf: ",
11069 (PL_op->op_type == OP_PRTF) ? "" : "s");
11070 if (fmtstart < patend) {
11071 const char * const fmtend = q < patend ? q : patend;
11073 sv_catpvs(msg, "\"%");
11074 for (f = fmtstart; f < fmtend; f++) {
11076 sv_catpvn(msg, f, 1);
11078 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg,
11079 "\\%03"UVof, (UV)*f & 0xFF);
11082 sv_catpvs(msg, "\"");
11084 sv_catpvs(msg, "end of string");
11086 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PRINTF), "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)); /* yes, this is reentrant */
11089 /* output mangled stuff ... */
11095 /* ... right here, because formatting flags should not apply */
11096 SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + elen + 1);
11098 Copy(eptr, p, elen, char);
11101 SvCUR_set(sv, p - SvPVX_const(sv));
11103 continue; /* not "break" */
11106 if (is_utf8 != has_utf8) {
11109 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
11112 const STRLEN old_elen = elen;
11113 SV * const nsv = newSVpvn_flags(eptr, elen, SVs_TEMP);
11114 sv_utf8_upgrade(nsv);
11115 eptr = SvPVX_const(nsv);
11118 if (width) { /* fudge width (can't fudge elen) */
11119 width += elen - old_elen;
11125 have = esignlen + zeros + elen;
11127 Perl_croak_nocontext("%s", PL_memory_wrap);
11129 need = (have > width ? have : width);
11132 if (need >= (((STRLEN)~0) - SvCUR(sv) - dotstrlen - 1))
11133 Perl_croak_nocontext("%s", PL_memory_wrap);
11134 SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + need + dotstrlen + 1);
11136 if (esignlen && fill == '0') {
11138 for (i = 0; i < (int)esignlen; i++)
11139 *p++ = esignbuf[i];
11141 if (gap && !left) {
11142 memset(p, fill, gap);
11145 if (esignlen && fill != '0') {
11147 for (i = 0; i < (int)esignlen; i++)
11148 *p++ = esignbuf[i];
11152 for (i = zeros; i; i--)
11156 Copy(eptr, p, elen, char);
11160 memset(p, ' ', gap);
11165 Copy(dotstr, p, dotstrlen, char);
11169 vectorize = FALSE; /* done iterating over vecstr */
11176 SvCUR_set(sv, p - SvPVX_const(sv));
11185 /* =========================================================================
11187 =head1 Cloning an interpreter
11189 All the macros and functions in this section are for the private use of
11190 the main function, perl_clone().
11192 The foo_dup() functions make an exact copy of an existing foo thingy.
11193 During the course of a cloning, a hash table is used to map old addresses
11194 to new addresses. The table is created and manipulated with the
11195 ptr_table_* functions.
11199 * =========================================================================*/
11202 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
11204 /* XXX Remove this so it doesn't have to go thru the macro and return for nothing */
11205 #ifndef GpREFCNT_inc
11206 # define GpREFCNT_inc(gp) ((gp) ? (++(gp)->gp_refcnt, (gp)) : (GP*)NULL)
11210 /* Certain cases in Perl_ss_dup have been merged, by relying on the fact
11211 that currently av_dup, gv_dup and hv_dup are the same as sv_dup.
11212 If this changes, please unmerge ss_dup.
11213 Likewise, sv_dup_inc_multiple() relies on this fact. */
11214 #define sv_dup_inc_NN(s,t) SvREFCNT_inc_NN(sv_dup_inc(s,t))
11215 #define av_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_AV(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
11216 #define av_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_AV(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
11217 #define hv_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_HV(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
11218 #define hv_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_HV(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
11219 #define cv_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_CV(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
11220 #define cv_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_CV(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
11221 #define io_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_IO(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
11222 #define io_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_IO(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
11223 #define gv_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_GV(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
11224 #define gv_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_GV(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
11225 #define SAVEPV(p) ((p) ? savepv(p) : NULL)
11226 #define SAVEPVN(p,n) ((p) ? savepvn(p,n) : NULL)
11228 /* clone a parser */
11231 Perl_parser_dup(pTHX_ const yy_parser *const proto, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11235 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSER_DUP;
11240 /* look for it in the table first */
11241 parser = (yy_parser *)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, proto);
11245 /* create anew and remember what it is */
11246 Newxz(parser, 1, yy_parser);
11247 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, proto, parser);
11249 /* XXX these not yet duped */
11250 parser->old_parser = NULL;
11251 parser->stack = NULL;
11253 parser->stack_size = 0;
11254 /* XXX parser->stack->state = 0; */
11256 /* XXX eventually, just Copy() most of the parser struct ? */
11258 parser->lex_brackets = proto->lex_brackets;
11259 parser->lex_casemods = proto->lex_casemods;
11260 parser->lex_brackstack = savepvn(proto->lex_brackstack,
11261 (proto->lex_brackets < 120 ? 120 : proto->lex_brackets));
11262 parser->lex_casestack = savepvn(proto->lex_casestack,
11263 (proto->lex_casemods < 12 ? 12 : proto->lex_casemods));
11264 parser->lex_defer = proto->lex_defer;
11265 parser->lex_dojoin = proto->lex_dojoin;
11266 parser->lex_expect = proto->lex_expect;
11267 parser->lex_formbrack = proto->lex_formbrack;
11268 parser->lex_inpat = proto->lex_inpat;
11269 parser->lex_inwhat = proto->lex_inwhat;
11270 parser->lex_op = proto->lex_op;
11271 parser->lex_repl = sv_dup_inc(proto->lex_repl, param);
11272 parser->lex_starts = proto->lex_starts;
11273 parser->lex_stuff = sv_dup_inc(proto->lex_stuff, param);
11274 parser->multi_close = proto->multi_close;
11275 parser->multi_open = proto->multi_open;
11276 parser->multi_start = proto->multi_start;
11277 parser->multi_end = proto->multi_end;
11278 parser->pending_ident = proto->pending_ident;
11279 parser->preambled = proto->preambled;
11280 parser->sublex_info = proto->sublex_info; /* XXX not quite right */
11281 parser->linestr = sv_dup_inc(proto->linestr, param);
11282 parser->expect = proto->expect;
11283 parser->copline = proto->copline;
11284 parser->last_lop_op = proto->last_lop_op;
11285 parser->lex_state = proto->lex_state;
11286 parser->rsfp = fp_dup(proto->rsfp, '<', param);
11287 /* rsfp_filters entries have fake IoDIRP() */
11288 parser->rsfp_filters= av_dup_inc(proto->rsfp_filters, param);
11289 parser->in_my = proto->in_my;
11290 parser->in_my_stash = hv_dup(proto->in_my_stash, param);
11291 parser->error_count = proto->error_count;
11294 parser->linestr = sv_dup_inc(proto->linestr, param);
11297 char * const ols = SvPVX(proto->linestr);
11298 char * const ls = SvPVX(parser->linestr);
11300 parser->bufptr = ls + (proto->bufptr >= ols ?
11301 proto->bufptr - ols : 0);
11302 parser->oldbufptr = ls + (proto->oldbufptr >= ols ?
11303 proto->oldbufptr - ols : 0);
11304 parser->oldoldbufptr= ls + (proto->oldoldbufptr >= ols ?
11305 proto->oldoldbufptr - ols : 0);
11306 parser->linestart = ls + (proto->linestart >= ols ?
11307 proto->linestart - ols : 0);
11308 parser->last_uni = ls + (proto->last_uni >= ols ?
11309 proto->last_uni - ols : 0);
11310 parser->last_lop = ls + (proto->last_lop >= ols ?
11311 proto->last_lop - ols : 0);
11313 parser->bufend = ls + SvCUR(parser->linestr);
11316 Copy(proto->tokenbuf, parser->tokenbuf, 256, char);
11320 parser->endwhite = proto->endwhite;
11321 parser->faketokens = proto->faketokens;
11322 parser->lasttoke = proto->lasttoke;
11323 parser->nextwhite = proto->nextwhite;
11324 parser->realtokenstart = proto->realtokenstart;
11325 parser->skipwhite = proto->skipwhite;
11326 parser->thisclose = proto->thisclose;
11327 parser->thismad = proto->thismad;
11328 parser->thisopen = proto->thisopen;
11329 parser->thisstuff = proto->thisstuff;
11330 parser->thistoken = proto->thistoken;
11331 parser->thiswhite = proto->thiswhite;
11333 Copy(proto->nexttoke, parser->nexttoke, 5, NEXTTOKE);
11334 parser->curforce = proto->curforce;
11336 Copy(proto->nextval, parser->nextval, 5, YYSTYPE);
11337 Copy(proto->nexttype, parser->nexttype, 5, I32);
11338 parser->nexttoke = proto->nexttoke;
11341 /* XXX should clone saved_curcop here, but we aren't passed
11342 * proto_perl; so do it in perl_clone_using instead */
11348 /* duplicate a file handle */
11351 Perl_fp_dup(pTHX_ PerlIO *const fp, const char type, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11355 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FP_DUP;
11356 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(type);
11359 return (PerlIO*)NULL;
11361 /* look for it in the table first */
11362 ret = (PerlIO*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, fp);
11366 /* create anew and remember what it is */
11367 ret = PerlIO_fdupopen(aTHX_ fp, param, PERLIO_DUP_CLONE);
11368 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, fp, ret);
11372 /* duplicate a directory handle */
11375 Perl_dirp_dup(pTHX_ DIR *const dp, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11381 register const Direntry_t *dirent;
11382 char smallbuf[256];
11388 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
11389 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DIRP_DUP;
11394 /* look for it in the table first */
11395 ret = (DIR*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, dp);
11401 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(param);
11405 /* open the current directory (so we can switch back) */
11406 if (!(pwd = PerlDir_open("."))) return (DIR *)NULL;
11408 /* chdir to our dir handle and open the present working directory */
11409 if (fchdir(my_dirfd(dp)) < 0 || !(ret = PerlDir_open("."))) {
11410 PerlDir_close(pwd);
11411 return (DIR *)NULL;
11413 /* Now we should have two dir handles pointing to the same dir. */
11415 /* Be nice to the calling code and chdir back to where we were. */
11416 fchdir(my_dirfd(pwd)); /* If this fails, then what? */
11418 /* We have no need of the pwd handle any more. */
11419 PerlDir_close(pwd);
11422 # define d_namlen(d) (d)->d_namlen
11424 # define d_namlen(d) strlen((d)->d_name)
11426 /* Iterate once through dp, to get the file name at the current posi-
11427 tion. Then step back. */
11428 pos = PerlDir_tell(dp);
11429 if ((dirent = PerlDir_read(dp))) {
11430 len = d_namlen(dirent);
11431 if (len <= sizeof smallbuf) name = smallbuf;
11432 else Newx(name, len, char);
11433 Move(dirent->d_name, name, len, char);
11435 PerlDir_seek(dp, pos);
11437 /* Iterate through the new dir handle, till we find a file with the
11439 if (!dirent) /* just before the end */
11441 pos = PerlDir_tell(ret);
11442 if (PerlDir_read(ret)) continue; /* not there yet */
11443 PerlDir_seek(ret, pos); /* step back */
11447 const long pos0 = PerlDir_tell(ret);
11449 pos = PerlDir_tell(ret);
11450 if ((dirent = PerlDir_read(ret))) {
11451 if (len == d_namlen(dirent)
11452 && memEQ(name, dirent->d_name, len)) {
11454 PerlDir_seek(ret, pos); /* step back */
11457 /* else we are not there yet; keep iterating */
11459 else { /* This is not meant to happen. The best we can do is
11460 reset the iterator to the beginning. */
11461 PerlDir_seek(ret, pos0);
11468 if (name && name != smallbuf)
11473 ret = win32_dirp_dup(dp, param);
11476 /* pop it in the pointer table */
11478 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, dp, ret);
11483 /* duplicate a typeglob */
11486 Perl_gp_dup(pTHX_ GP *const gp, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11490 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GP_DUP;
11494 /* look for it in the table first */
11495 ret = (GP*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, gp);
11499 /* create anew and remember what it is */
11501 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, gp, ret);
11504 /* ret->gp_refcnt must be 0 before any other dups are called. We're relying
11505 on Newxz() to do this for us. */
11506 ret->gp_sv = sv_dup_inc(gp->gp_sv, param);
11507 ret->gp_io = io_dup_inc(gp->gp_io, param);
11508 ret->gp_form = cv_dup_inc(gp->gp_form, param);
11509 ret->gp_av = av_dup_inc(gp->gp_av, param);
11510 ret->gp_hv = hv_dup_inc(gp->gp_hv, param);
11511 ret->gp_egv = gv_dup(gp->gp_egv, param);/* GvEGV is not refcounted */
11512 ret->gp_cv = cv_dup_inc(gp->gp_cv, param);
11513 ret->gp_cvgen = gp->gp_cvgen;
11514 ret->gp_line = gp->gp_line;
11515 ret->gp_file_hek = hek_dup(gp->gp_file_hek, param);
11519 /* duplicate a chain of magic */
11522 Perl_mg_dup(pTHX_ MAGIC *mg, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11524 MAGIC *mgret = NULL;
11525 MAGIC **mgprev_p = &mgret;
11527 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MG_DUP;
11529 for (; mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
11532 if ((param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN)
11533 && mg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_backref)
11534 /* when joining, we let the individual SVs add themselves to
11535 * backref as needed. */
11538 Newx(nmg, 1, MAGIC);
11540 mgprev_p = &(nmg->mg_moremagic);
11542 /* There was a comment "XXX copy dynamic vtable?" but as we don't have
11543 dynamic vtables, I'm not sure why Sarathy wrote it. The comment dates
11544 from the original commit adding Perl_mg_dup() - revision 4538.
11545 Similarly there is the annotation "XXX random ptr?" next to the
11546 assignment to nmg->mg_ptr. */
11549 /* FIXME for plugins
11550 if (nmg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_qr) {
11551 nmg->mg_obj = MUTABLE_SV(CALLREGDUPE((REGEXP*)nmg->mg_obj, param));
11555 nmg->mg_obj = (nmg->mg_flags & MGf_REFCOUNTED)
11556 ? nmg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_backref
11557 /* The backref AV has its reference
11558 * count deliberately bumped by 1 */
11559 ? SvREFCNT_inc(av_dup_inc((const AV *)
11560 nmg->mg_obj, param))
11561 : sv_dup_inc(nmg->mg_obj, param)
11562 : sv_dup(nmg->mg_obj, param);
11564 if (nmg->mg_ptr && nmg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_regex_global) {
11565 if (nmg->mg_len > 0) {
11566 nmg->mg_ptr = SAVEPVN(nmg->mg_ptr, nmg->mg_len);
11567 if (nmg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_overload_table &&
11568 AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)nmg->mg_ptr))
11570 AMT * const namtp = (AMT*)nmg->mg_ptr;
11571 sv_dup_inc_multiple((SV**)(namtp->table),
11572 (SV**)(namtp->table), NofAMmeth, param);
11575 else if (nmg->mg_len == HEf_SVKEY)
11576 nmg->mg_ptr = (char*)sv_dup_inc((const SV *)nmg->mg_ptr, param);
11578 if ((nmg->mg_flags & MGf_DUP) && nmg->mg_virtual && nmg->mg_virtual->svt_dup) {
11579 nmg->mg_virtual->svt_dup(aTHX_ nmg, param);
11585 #endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
11587 struct ptr_tbl_arena {
11588 struct ptr_tbl_arena *next;
11589 struct ptr_tbl_ent array[1023/3]; /* as ptr_tbl_ent has 3 pointers. */
11592 /* create a new pointer-mapping table */
11595 Perl_ptr_table_new(pTHX)
11598 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
11600 Newx(tbl, 1, PTR_TBL_t);
11601 tbl->tbl_max = 511;
11602 tbl->tbl_items = 0;
11603 tbl->tbl_arena = NULL;
11604 tbl->tbl_arena_next = NULL;
11605 tbl->tbl_arena_end = NULL;
11606 Newxz(tbl->tbl_ary, tbl->tbl_max + 1, PTR_TBL_ENT_t*);
11610 #define PTR_TABLE_HASH(ptr) \
11611 ((PTR2UV(ptr) >> 3) ^ (PTR2UV(ptr) >> (3 + 7)) ^ (PTR2UV(ptr) >> (3 + 17)))
11613 /* map an existing pointer using a table */
11615 STATIC PTR_TBL_ENT_t *
11616 S_ptr_table_find(PTR_TBL_t *const tbl, const void *const sv)
11618 PTR_TBL_ENT_t *tblent;
11619 const UV hash = PTR_TABLE_HASH(sv);
11621 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PTR_TABLE_FIND;
11623 tblent = tbl->tbl_ary[hash & tbl->tbl_max];
11624 for (; tblent; tblent = tblent->next) {
11625 if (tblent->oldval == sv)
11632 Perl_ptr_table_fetch(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl, const void *const sv)
11634 PTR_TBL_ENT_t const *const tblent = ptr_table_find(tbl, sv);
11636 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PTR_TABLE_FETCH;
11637 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
11639 return tblent ? tblent->newval : NULL;
11642 /* add a new entry to a pointer-mapping table */
11645 Perl_ptr_table_store(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl, const void *const oldsv, void *const newsv)
11647 PTR_TBL_ENT_t *tblent = ptr_table_find(tbl, oldsv);
11649 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PTR_TABLE_STORE;
11650 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
11653 tblent->newval = newsv;
11655 const UV entry = PTR_TABLE_HASH(oldsv) & tbl->tbl_max;
11657 if (tbl->tbl_arena_next == tbl->tbl_arena_end) {
11658 struct ptr_tbl_arena *new_arena;
11660 Newx(new_arena, 1, struct ptr_tbl_arena);
11661 new_arena->next = tbl->tbl_arena;
11662 tbl->tbl_arena = new_arena;
11663 tbl->tbl_arena_next = new_arena->array;
11664 tbl->tbl_arena_end = new_arena->array
11665 + sizeof(new_arena->array) / sizeof(new_arena->array[0]);
11668 tblent = tbl->tbl_arena_next++;
11670 tblent->oldval = oldsv;
11671 tblent->newval = newsv;
11672 tblent->next = tbl->tbl_ary[entry];
11673 tbl->tbl_ary[entry] = tblent;
11675 if (tblent->next && tbl->tbl_items > tbl->tbl_max)
11676 ptr_table_split(tbl);
11680 /* double the hash bucket size of an existing ptr table */
11683 Perl_ptr_table_split(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl)
11685 PTR_TBL_ENT_t **ary = tbl->tbl_ary;
11686 const UV oldsize = tbl->tbl_max + 1;
11687 UV newsize = oldsize * 2;
11690 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PTR_TABLE_SPLIT;
11691 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
11693 Renew(ary, newsize, PTR_TBL_ENT_t*);
11694 Zero(&ary[oldsize], newsize-oldsize, PTR_TBL_ENT_t*);
11695 tbl->tbl_max = --newsize;
11696 tbl->tbl_ary = ary;
11697 for (i=0; i < oldsize; i++, ary++) {
11698 PTR_TBL_ENT_t **entp = ary;
11699 PTR_TBL_ENT_t *ent = *ary;
11700 PTR_TBL_ENT_t **curentp;
11703 curentp = ary + oldsize;
11705 if ((newsize & PTR_TABLE_HASH(ent->oldval)) != i) {
11707 ent->next = *curentp;
11717 /* remove all the entries from a ptr table */
11718 /* Deprecated - will be removed post 5.14 */
11721 Perl_ptr_table_clear(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl)
11723 if (tbl && tbl->tbl_items) {
11724 struct ptr_tbl_arena *arena = tbl->tbl_arena;
11726 Zero(tbl->tbl_ary, tbl->tbl_max + 1, struct ptr_tbl_ent **);
11729 struct ptr_tbl_arena *next = arena->next;
11735 tbl->tbl_items = 0;
11736 tbl->tbl_arena = NULL;
11737 tbl->tbl_arena_next = NULL;
11738 tbl->tbl_arena_end = NULL;
11742 /* clear and free a ptr table */
11745 Perl_ptr_table_free(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl)
11747 struct ptr_tbl_arena *arena;
11753 arena = tbl->tbl_arena;
11756 struct ptr_tbl_arena *next = arena->next;
11762 Safefree(tbl->tbl_ary);
11766 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
11769 Perl_rvpv_dup(pTHX_ SV *const dstr, const SV *const sstr, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11771 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RVPV_DUP;
11774 if (SvWEAKREF(sstr)) {
11775 SvRV_set(dstr, sv_dup(SvRV_const(sstr), param));
11776 if (param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN) {
11777 /* if joining, we add any back references individually rather
11778 * than copying the whole backref array */
11779 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ SvRV(dstr), dstr);
11783 SvRV_set(dstr, sv_dup_inc(SvRV_const(sstr), param));
11785 else if (SvPVX_const(sstr)) {
11786 /* Has something there */
11788 /* Normal PV - clone whole allocated space */
11789 SvPV_set(dstr, SAVEPVN(SvPVX_const(sstr), SvLEN(sstr)-1));
11790 if (SvREADONLY(sstr) && SvFAKE(sstr)) {
11791 /* Not that normal - actually sstr is copy on write.
11792 But we are a true, independent SV, so: */
11793 SvREADONLY_off(dstr);
11798 /* Special case - not normally malloced for some reason */
11799 if (isGV_with_GP(sstr)) {
11800 /* Don't need to do anything here. */
11802 else if ((SvREADONLY(sstr) && SvFAKE(sstr))) {
11803 /* A "shared" PV - clone it as "shared" PV */
11805 HEK_KEY(hek_dup(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sstr)),
11809 /* Some other special case - random pointer */
11810 SvPV_set(dstr, (char *) SvPVX_const(sstr));
11815 /* Copy the NULL */
11816 SvPV_set(dstr, NULL);
11820 /* duplicate a list of SVs. source and dest may point to the same memory. */
11822 S_sv_dup_inc_multiple(pTHX_ SV *const *source, SV **dest,
11823 SSize_t items, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11825 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DUP_INC_MULTIPLE;
11827 while (items-- > 0) {
11828 *dest++ = sv_dup_inc(*source++, param);
11834 /* duplicate an SV of any type (including AV, HV etc) */
11837 S_sv_dup_common(pTHX_ const SV *const sstr, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11842 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DUP_COMMON;
11844 if (SvTYPE(sstr) == (svtype)SVTYPEMASK) {
11845 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS_ABORT
11850 /* look for it in the table first */
11851 dstr = MUTABLE_SV(ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, sstr));
11855 if(param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN) {
11856 /** We are joining here so we don't want do clone
11857 something that is bad **/
11858 if (SvTYPE(sstr) == SVt_PVHV) {
11859 const HEK * const hvname = HvNAME_HEK(sstr);
11861 /** don't clone stashes if they already exist **/
11862 dstr = MUTABLE_SV(gv_stashpvn(HEK_KEY(hvname), HEK_LEN(hvname),
11863 HEK_UTF8(hvname) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
11864 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, sstr, dstr);
11868 else if (SvTYPE(sstr) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(sstr)) {
11869 HV *stash = GvSTASH(sstr);
11870 const HEK * hvname;
11871 if (stash && (hvname = HvNAME_HEK(stash))) {
11872 /** don't clone GVs if they already exist **/
11874 stash = gv_stashpvn(HEK_KEY(hvname), HEK_LEN(hvname),
11875 HEK_UTF8(hvname) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0);
11877 stash, GvNAME(sstr),
11883 if (svp && *svp && SvTYPE(*svp) == SVt_PVGV) {
11884 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, sstr, *svp);
11891 /* create anew and remember what it is */
11894 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
11895 dstr->sv_debug_optype = sstr->sv_debug_optype;
11896 dstr->sv_debug_line = sstr->sv_debug_line;
11897 dstr->sv_debug_inpad = sstr->sv_debug_inpad;
11898 dstr->sv_debug_parent = (SV*)sstr;
11899 FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(dstr);
11900 dstr->sv_debug_file = savepv(sstr->sv_debug_file);
11903 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, sstr, dstr);
11906 SvFLAGS(dstr) = SvFLAGS(sstr);
11907 SvFLAGS(dstr) &= ~SVf_OOK; /* don't propagate OOK hack */
11908 SvREFCNT(dstr) = 0; /* must be before any other dups! */
11911 if (SvANY(sstr) && PL_watch_pvx && SvPVX_const(sstr) == PL_watch_pvx)
11912 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "watch at %p hit, found string \"%s\"\n",
11913 (void*)PL_watch_pvx, SvPVX_const(sstr));
11916 /* don't clone objects whose class has asked us not to */
11917 if (SvOBJECT(sstr) && ! (SvFLAGS(SvSTASH(sstr)) & SVphv_CLONEABLE)) {
11922 switch (SvTYPE(sstr)) {
11924 SvANY(dstr) = NULL;
11927 SvANY(dstr) = (XPVIV*)((char*)&(dstr->sv_u.svu_iv) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
11929 Perl_rvpv_dup(aTHX_ dstr, sstr, param);
11931 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
11935 SvANY(dstr) = new_XNV();
11936 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
11938 /* case SVt_BIND: */
11941 /* These are all the types that need complex bodies allocating. */
11943 const svtype sv_type = SvTYPE(sstr);
11944 const struct body_details *const sv_type_details
11945 = bodies_by_type + sv_type;
11949 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre SvTYPE [%" IVdf "]", (IV)SvTYPE(sstr));
11964 assert(sv_type_details->body_size);
11965 if (sv_type_details->arena) {
11966 new_body_inline(new_body, sv_type);
11968 = (void*)((char*)new_body - sv_type_details->offset);
11970 new_body = new_NOARENA(sv_type_details);
11974 SvANY(dstr) = new_body;
11977 Copy(((char*)SvANY(sstr)) + sv_type_details->offset,
11978 ((char*)SvANY(dstr)) + sv_type_details->offset,
11979 sv_type_details->copy, char);
11981 Copy(((char*)SvANY(sstr)),
11982 ((char*)SvANY(dstr)),
11983 sv_type_details->body_size + sv_type_details->offset, char);
11986 if (sv_type != SVt_PVAV && sv_type != SVt_PVHV
11987 && !isGV_with_GP(dstr)
11988 && !(sv_type == SVt_PVIO && !(IoFLAGS(dstr) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP)))
11989 Perl_rvpv_dup(aTHX_ dstr, sstr, param);
11991 /* The Copy above means that all the source (unduplicated) pointers
11992 are now in the destination. We can check the flags and the
11993 pointers in either, but it's possible that there's less cache
11994 missing by always going for the destination.
11995 FIXME - instrument and check that assumption */
11996 if (sv_type >= SVt_PVMG) {
11997 if ((sv_type == SVt_PVMG) && SvPAD_OUR(dstr)) {
11998 SvOURSTASH_set(dstr, hv_dup_inc(SvOURSTASH(dstr), param));
11999 } else if (SvMAGIC(dstr))
12000 SvMAGIC_set(dstr, mg_dup(SvMAGIC(dstr), param));
12002 SvSTASH_set(dstr, hv_dup_inc(SvSTASH(dstr), param));
12005 /* The cast silences a GCC warning about unhandled types. */
12006 switch ((int)sv_type) {
12016 /* FIXME for plugins */
12017 re_dup_guts((REGEXP*) sstr, (REGEXP*) dstr, param);
12020 /* XXX LvTARGOFF sometimes holds PMOP* when DEBUGGING */
12021 if (LvTYPE(dstr) == 't') /* for tie: unrefcnted fake (SV**) */
12022 LvTARG(dstr) = dstr;
12023 else if (LvTYPE(dstr) == 'T') /* for tie: fake HE */
12024 LvTARG(dstr) = MUTABLE_SV(he_dup((HE*)LvTARG(dstr), 0, param));
12026 LvTARG(dstr) = sv_dup_inc(LvTARG(dstr), param);
12028 /* non-GP case already handled above */
12029 if(isGV_with_GP(sstr)) {
12030 GvNAME_HEK(dstr) = hek_dup(GvNAME_HEK(dstr), param);
12031 /* Don't call sv_add_backref here as it's going to be
12032 created as part of the magic cloning of the symbol
12033 table--unless this is during a join and the stash
12034 is not actually being cloned. */
12035 /* Danger Will Robinson - GvGP(dstr) isn't initialised
12036 at the point of this comment. */
12037 GvSTASH(dstr) = hv_dup(GvSTASH(dstr), param);
12038 if (param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN)
12039 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(GvSTASH(dstr)), dstr);
12040 GvGP_set(dstr, gp_dup(GvGP(sstr), param));
12041 (void)GpREFCNT_inc(GvGP(dstr));
12045 /* PL_parser->rsfp_filters entries have fake IoDIRP() */
12046 if(IoFLAGS(dstr) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP) {
12047 /* I have no idea why fake dirp (rsfps)
12048 should be treated differently but otherwise
12049 we end up with leaks -- sky*/
12050 IoTOP_GV(dstr) = gv_dup_inc(IoTOP_GV(dstr), param);
12051 IoFMT_GV(dstr) = gv_dup_inc(IoFMT_GV(dstr), param);
12052 IoBOTTOM_GV(dstr) = gv_dup_inc(IoBOTTOM_GV(dstr), param);
12054 IoTOP_GV(dstr) = gv_dup(IoTOP_GV(dstr), param);
12055 IoFMT_GV(dstr) = gv_dup(IoFMT_GV(dstr), param);
12056 IoBOTTOM_GV(dstr) = gv_dup(IoBOTTOM_GV(dstr), param);
12057 if (IoDIRP(dstr)) {
12058 IoDIRP(dstr) = dirp_dup(IoDIRP(dstr), param);
12061 /* IoDIRP(dstr) is already a copy of IoDIRP(sstr) */
12063 IoIFP(dstr) = fp_dup(IoIFP(sstr), IoTYPE(dstr), param);
12065 if (IoOFP(dstr) == IoIFP(sstr))
12066 IoOFP(dstr) = IoIFP(dstr);
12068 IoOFP(dstr) = fp_dup(IoOFP(dstr), IoTYPE(dstr), param);
12069 IoTOP_NAME(dstr) = SAVEPV(IoTOP_NAME(dstr));
12070 IoFMT_NAME(dstr) = SAVEPV(IoFMT_NAME(dstr));
12071 IoBOTTOM_NAME(dstr) = SAVEPV(IoBOTTOM_NAME(dstr));
12074 /* avoid cloning an empty array */
12075 if (AvARRAY((const AV *)sstr) && AvFILLp((const AV *)sstr) >= 0) {
12076 SV **dst_ary, **src_ary;
12077 SSize_t items = AvFILLp((const AV *)sstr) + 1;
12079 src_ary = AvARRAY((const AV *)sstr);
12080 Newxz(dst_ary, AvMAX((const AV *)sstr)+1, SV*);
12081 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, src_ary, dst_ary);
12082 AvARRAY(MUTABLE_AV(dstr)) = dst_ary;
12083 AvALLOC((const AV *)dstr) = dst_ary;
12084 if (AvREAL((const AV *)sstr)) {
12085 dst_ary = sv_dup_inc_multiple(src_ary, dst_ary, items,
12089 while (items-- > 0)
12090 *dst_ary++ = sv_dup(*src_ary++, param);
12092 items = AvMAX((const AV *)sstr) - AvFILLp((const AV *)sstr);
12093 while (items-- > 0) {
12094 *dst_ary++ = &PL_sv_undef;
12098 AvARRAY(MUTABLE_AV(dstr)) = NULL;
12099 AvALLOC((const AV *)dstr) = (SV**)NULL;
12100 AvMAX( (const AV *)dstr) = -1;
12101 AvFILLp((const AV *)dstr) = -1;
12105 if (HvARRAY((const HV *)sstr)) {
12107 const bool sharekeys = !!HvSHAREKEYS(sstr);
12108 XPVHV * const dxhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(dstr);
12109 XPVHV * const sxhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(sstr);
12111 Newx(darray, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(dxhv->xhv_max+1)
12112 + (SvOOK(sstr) ? sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux) : 0),
12114 HvARRAY(dstr) = (HE**)darray;
12115 while (i <= sxhv->xhv_max) {
12116 const HE * const source = HvARRAY(sstr)[i];
12117 HvARRAY(dstr)[i] = source
12118 ? he_dup(source, sharekeys, param) : 0;
12122 const struct xpvhv_aux * const saux = HvAUX(sstr);
12123 struct xpvhv_aux * const daux = HvAUX(dstr);
12124 /* This flag isn't copied. */
12127 if (saux->xhv_name_count) {
12128 HEK ** const sname = saux->xhv_name_u.xhvnameu_names;
12130 = saux->xhv_name_count < 0
12131 ? -saux->xhv_name_count
12132 : saux->xhv_name_count;
12133 HEK **shekp = sname + count;
12135 Newx(daux->xhv_name_u.xhvnameu_names, count, HEK *);
12136 dhekp = daux->xhv_name_u.xhvnameu_names + count;
12137 while (shekp-- > sname) {
12139 *dhekp = hek_dup(*shekp, param);
12143 daux->xhv_name_u.xhvnameu_name
12144 = hek_dup(saux->xhv_name_u.xhvnameu_name,
12147 daux->xhv_name_count = saux->xhv_name_count;
12149 daux->xhv_riter = saux->xhv_riter;
12150 daux->xhv_eiter = saux->xhv_eiter
12151 ? he_dup(saux->xhv_eiter,
12152 cBOOL(HvSHAREKEYS(sstr)), param) : 0;
12153 /* backref array needs refcnt=2; see sv_add_backref */
12154 daux->xhv_backreferences =
12155 (param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN)
12156 /* when joining, we let the individual GVs and
12157 * CVs add themselves to backref as
12158 * needed. This avoids pulling in stuff
12159 * that isn't required, and simplifies the
12160 * case where stashes aren't cloned back
12161 * if they already exist in the parent
12164 : saux->xhv_backreferences
12165 ? (SvTYPE(saux->xhv_backreferences) == SVt_PVAV)
12166 ? MUTABLE_AV(SvREFCNT_inc(
12167 sv_dup_inc((const SV *)
12168 saux->xhv_backreferences, param)))
12169 : MUTABLE_AV(sv_dup((const SV *)
12170 saux->xhv_backreferences, param))
12173 daux->xhv_mro_meta = saux->xhv_mro_meta
12174 ? mro_meta_dup(saux->xhv_mro_meta, param)
12177 /* Record stashes for possible cloning in Perl_clone(). */
12179 av_push(param->stashes, dstr);
12183 HvARRAY(MUTABLE_HV(dstr)) = NULL;
12186 if (!(param->flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS)) {
12191 /* NOTE: not refcounted */
12192 SvANY(MUTABLE_CV(dstr))->xcv_stash =
12193 hv_dup(CvSTASH(dstr), param);
12194 if ((param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN) && CvSTASH(dstr))
12195 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(CvSTASH(dstr)), dstr);
12196 if (!CvISXSUB(dstr)) {
12198 CvROOT(dstr) = OpREFCNT_inc(CvROOT(dstr));
12200 } else if (CvCONST(dstr)) {
12201 CvXSUBANY(dstr).any_ptr =
12202 sv_dup_inc((const SV *)CvXSUBANY(dstr).any_ptr, param);
12204 if (CvDYNFILE(dstr)) CvFILE(dstr) = SAVEPV(CvFILE(dstr));
12205 /* don't dup if copying back - CvGV isn't refcounted, so the
12206 * duped GV may never be freed. A bit of a hack! DAPM */
12207 SvANY(MUTABLE_CV(dstr))->xcv_gv =
12209 ? gv_dup_inc(CvGV(sstr), param)
12210 : (param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN)
12212 : gv_dup(CvGV(sstr), param);
12214 CvPADLIST(dstr) = padlist_dup(CvPADLIST(sstr), param);
12216 CvWEAKOUTSIDE(sstr)
12217 ? cv_dup( CvOUTSIDE(dstr), param)
12218 : cv_dup_inc(CvOUTSIDE(dstr), param);
12224 if (SvOBJECT(dstr) && SvTYPE(dstr) != SVt_PVIO)
12231 Perl_sv_dup_inc(pTHX_ const SV *const sstr, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
12233 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DUP_INC;
12234 return sstr ? SvREFCNT_inc(sv_dup_common(sstr, param)) : NULL;
12238 Perl_sv_dup(pTHX_ const SV *const sstr, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
12240 SV *dstr = sstr ? sv_dup_common(sstr, param) : NULL;
12241 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DUP;
12243 /* Track every SV that (at least initially) had a reference count of 0.
12244 We need to do this by holding an actual reference to it in this array.
12245 If we attempt to cheat, turn AvREAL_off(), and store only pointers
12246 (akin to the stashes hash, and the perl stack), we come unstuck if
12247 a weak reference (or other SV legitimately SvREFCNT() == 0 for this
12248 thread) is manipulated in a CLONE method, because CLONE runs before the
12249 unreferenced array is walked to find SVs still with SvREFCNT() == 0
12250 (and fix things up by giving each a reference via the temps stack).
12251 Instead, during CLONE, if the 0-referenced SV has SvREFCNT_inc() and
12252 then SvREFCNT_dec(), it will be cleaned up (and added to the free list)
12253 before the walk of unreferenced happens and a reference to that is SV
12254 added to the temps stack. At which point we have the same SV considered
12255 to be in use, and free to be re-used. Not good.
12257 if (dstr && !(param->flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS) && !SvREFCNT(dstr)) {
12258 assert(param->unreferenced);
12259 av_push(param->unreferenced, SvREFCNT_inc(dstr));
12265 /* duplicate a context */
12268 Perl_cx_dup(pTHX_ PERL_CONTEXT *cxs, I32 ix, I32 max, CLONE_PARAMS* param)
12270 PERL_CONTEXT *ncxs;
12272 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CX_DUP;
12275 return (PERL_CONTEXT*)NULL;
12277 /* look for it in the table first */
12278 ncxs = (PERL_CONTEXT*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, cxs);
12282 /* create anew and remember what it is */
12283 Newx(ncxs, max + 1, PERL_CONTEXT);
12284 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, cxs, ncxs);
12285 Copy(cxs, ncxs, max + 1, PERL_CONTEXT);
12288 PERL_CONTEXT * const ncx = &ncxs[ix];
12289 if (CxTYPE(ncx) == CXt_SUBST) {
12290 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cloning substitution context is unimplemented");
12293 switch (CxTYPE(ncx)) {
12295 ncx->blk_sub.cv = (ncx->blk_sub.olddepth == 0
12296 ? cv_dup_inc(ncx->blk_sub.cv, param)
12297 : cv_dup(ncx->blk_sub.cv,param));
12298 ncx->blk_sub.argarray = (CxHASARGS(ncx)
12299 ? av_dup_inc(ncx->blk_sub.argarray,
12302 ncx->blk_sub.savearray = av_dup_inc(ncx->blk_sub.savearray,
12304 ncx->blk_sub.oldcomppad = (PAD*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table,
12305 ncx->blk_sub.oldcomppad);
12308 ncx->blk_eval.old_namesv = sv_dup_inc(ncx->blk_eval.old_namesv,
12310 ncx->blk_eval.cur_text = sv_dup(ncx->blk_eval.cur_text, param);
12311 ncx->blk_eval.cv = cv_dup(ncx->blk_eval.cv, param);
12313 case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
12314 ncx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.end
12315 = sv_dup_inc(ncx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.end, param);
12316 /* We are taking advantage of av_dup_inc and sv_dup_inc
12317 actually being the same function, and order equivalence of
12319 We can assert the later [but only at run time :-(] */
12320 assert ((void *) &ncx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ary ==
12321 (void *) &ncx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.cur);
12323 ncx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ary
12324 = av_dup_inc(ncx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ary, param);
12325 case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
12326 case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
12327 if (CxPADLOOP(ncx)) {
12328 ncx->blk_loop.itervar_u.oldcomppad
12329 = (PAD*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table,
12330 ncx->blk_loop.itervar_u.oldcomppad);
12332 ncx->blk_loop.itervar_u.gv
12333 = gv_dup((const GV *)ncx->blk_loop.itervar_u.gv,
12338 ncx->blk_format.cv = cv_dup(ncx->blk_format.cv, param);
12339 ncx->blk_format.gv = gv_dup(ncx->blk_format.gv, param);
12340 ncx->blk_format.dfoutgv = gv_dup_inc(ncx->blk_format.dfoutgv,
12355 /* duplicate a stack info structure */
12358 Perl_si_dup(pTHX_ PERL_SI *si, CLONE_PARAMS* param)
12362 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SI_DUP;
12365 return (PERL_SI*)NULL;
12367 /* look for it in the table first */
12368 nsi = (PERL_SI*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, si);
12372 /* create anew and remember what it is */
12373 Newxz(nsi, 1, PERL_SI);
12374 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, si, nsi);
12376 nsi->si_stack = av_dup_inc(si->si_stack, param);
12377 nsi->si_cxix = si->si_cxix;
12378 nsi->si_cxmax = si->si_cxmax;
12379 nsi->si_cxstack = cx_dup(si->si_cxstack, si->si_cxix, si->si_cxmax, param);
12380 nsi->si_type = si->si_type;
12381 nsi->si_prev = si_dup(si->si_prev, param);
12382 nsi->si_next = si_dup(si->si_next, param);
12383 nsi->si_markoff = si->si_markoff;
12388 #define POPINT(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_i32)
12389 #define TOPINT(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_i32)
12390 #define POPLONG(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_long)
12391 #define TOPLONG(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_long)
12392 #define POPIV(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_iv)
12393 #define TOPIV(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_iv)
12394 #define POPUV(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_uv)
12395 #define TOPUV(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_uv)
12396 #define POPBOOL(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_bool)
12397 #define TOPBOOL(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_bool)
12398 #define POPPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_ptr)
12399 #define TOPPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_ptr)
12400 #define POPDPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_dptr)
12401 #define TOPDPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_dptr)
12402 #define POPDXPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_dxptr)
12403 #define TOPDXPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_dxptr)
12406 #define pv_dup_inc(p) SAVEPV(p)
12407 #define pv_dup(p) SAVEPV(p)
12408 #define svp_dup_inc(p,pp) any_dup(p,pp)
12410 /* map any object to the new equivent - either something in the
12411 * ptr table, or something in the interpreter structure
12415 Perl_any_dup(pTHX_ void *v, const PerlInterpreter *proto_perl)
12419 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ANY_DUP;
12422 return (void*)NULL;
12424 /* look for it in the table first */
12425 ret = ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, v);
12429 /* see if it is part of the interpreter structure */
12430 if (v >= (void*)proto_perl && v < (void*)(proto_perl+1))
12431 ret = (void*)(((char*)aTHX) + (((char*)v) - (char*)proto_perl));
12439 /* duplicate the save stack */
12442 Perl_ss_dup(pTHX_ PerlInterpreter *proto_perl, CLONE_PARAMS* param)
12445 ANY * const ss = proto_perl->Isavestack;
12446 const I32 max = proto_perl->Isavestack_max;
12447 I32 ix = proto_perl->Isavestack_ix;
12460 void (*dptr) (void*);
12461 void (*dxptr) (pTHX_ void*);
12463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SS_DUP;
12465 Newxz(nss, max, ANY);
12468 const UV uv = POPUV(ss,ix);
12469 const U8 type = (U8)uv & SAVE_MASK;
12471 TOPUV(nss,ix) = uv;
12473 case SAVEt_CLEARSV:
12475 case SAVEt_HELEM: /* hash element */
12476 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12477 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
12479 case SAVEt_ITEM: /* normal string */
12480 case SAVEt_GVSV: /* scalar slot in GV */
12481 case SAVEt_SV: /* scalar reference */
12482 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12483 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
12486 case SAVEt_MORTALIZESV:
12487 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12488 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
12490 case SAVEt_SHARED_PVREF: /* char* in shared space */
12491 c = (char*)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12492 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = savesharedpv(c);
12493 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12494 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12496 case SAVEt_GENERIC_SVREF: /* generic sv */
12497 case SAVEt_SVREF: /* scalar reference */
12498 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12499 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
12500 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12501 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = svp_dup_inc((SV**)ptr, proto_perl);/* XXXXX */
12503 case SAVEt_HV: /* hash reference */
12504 case SAVEt_AV: /* array reference */
12505 sv = (const SV *) POPPTR(ss,ix);
12506 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
12508 case SAVEt_COMPPAD:
12510 sv = (const SV *) POPPTR(ss,ix);
12511 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup(sv, param);
12513 case SAVEt_INT: /* int reference */
12514 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12515 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12516 intval = (int)POPINT(ss,ix);
12517 TOPINT(nss,ix) = intval;
12519 case SAVEt_LONG: /* long reference */
12520 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12521 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12522 longval = (long)POPLONG(ss,ix);
12523 TOPLONG(nss,ix) = longval;
12525 case SAVEt_I32: /* I32 reference */
12526 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12527 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12529 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
12531 case SAVEt_IV: /* IV reference */
12532 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12533 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12535 TOPIV(nss,ix) = iv;
12537 case SAVEt_HPTR: /* HV* reference */
12538 case SAVEt_APTR: /* AV* reference */
12539 case SAVEt_SPTR: /* SV* reference */
12540 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12541 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12542 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12543 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup(sv, param);
12545 case SAVEt_VPTR: /* random* reference */
12546 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12547 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12549 case SAVEt_INT_SMALL:
12550 case SAVEt_I32_SMALL:
12551 case SAVEt_I16: /* I16 reference */
12552 case SAVEt_I8: /* I8 reference */
12554 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12555 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12557 case SAVEt_GENERIC_PVREF: /* generic char* */
12558 case SAVEt_PPTR: /* char* reference */
12559 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12560 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12561 c = (char*)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12562 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = pv_dup(c);
12564 case SAVEt_GP: /* scalar reference */
12565 gp = (GP*)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12566 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = gp = gp_dup(gp, param);
12567 (void)GpREFCNT_inc(gp);
12568 gv = (const GV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12569 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = gv_dup_inc(gv, param);
12572 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12573 if (ptr && (((OP*)ptr)->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED)) {
12574 /* these are assumed to be refcounted properly */
12576 switch (((OP*)ptr)->op_type) {
12578 case OP_LEAVESUBLV:
12582 case OP_LEAVEWRITE:
12583 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = ptr;
12586 (void) OpREFCNT_inc(o);
12590 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = NULL;
12595 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = NULL;
12597 case SAVEt_FREECOPHH:
12598 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12599 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = cophh_copy((COPHH *)ptr);
12602 hv = (const HV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12603 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = hv_dup_inc(hv, param);
12605 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
12608 c = (char*)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12609 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = pv_dup_inc(c);
12611 case SAVEt_STACK_POS: /* Position on Perl stack */
12613 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
12615 case SAVEt_DESTRUCTOR:
12616 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12617 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl); /* XXX quite arbitrary */
12618 dptr = POPDPTR(ss,ix);
12619 TOPDPTR(nss,ix) = DPTR2FPTR(void (*)(void*),
12620 any_dup(FPTR2DPTR(void *, dptr),
12623 case SAVEt_DESTRUCTOR_X:
12624 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12625 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl); /* XXX quite arbitrary */
12626 dxptr = POPDXPTR(ss,ix);
12627 TOPDXPTR(nss,ix) = DPTR2FPTR(void (*)(pTHX_ void*),
12628 any_dup(FPTR2DPTR(void *, dxptr),
12631 case SAVEt_REGCONTEXT:
12633 ix -= uv >> SAVE_TIGHT_SHIFT;
12635 case SAVEt_AELEM: /* array element */
12636 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12637 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
12639 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
12640 av = (const AV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12641 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = av_dup_inc(av, param);
12644 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12645 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = ptr;
12648 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12649 ptr = cophh_copy((COPHH*)ptr);
12650 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = ptr;
12652 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
12653 if (i & HINT_LOCALIZE_HH) {
12654 hv = (const HV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12655 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = hv_dup_inc(hv, param);
12658 case SAVEt_PADSV_AND_MORTALIZE:
12659 longval = (long)POPLONG(ss,ix);
12660 TOPLONG(nss,ix) = longval;
12661 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12662 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
12663 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12664 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
12666 case SAVEt_SET_SVFLAGS:
12668 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
12670 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
12671 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
12672 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup(sv, param);
12674 case SAVEt_RE_STATE:
12676 const struct re_save_state *const old_state
12677 = (struct re_save_state *)
12678 (ss + ix - SAVESTACK_ALLOC_FOR_RE_SAVE_STATE);
12679 struct re_save_state *const new_state
12680 = (struct re_save_state *)
12681 (nss + ix - SAVESTACK_ALLOC_FOR_RE_SAVE_STATE);
12683 Copy(old_state, new_state, 1, struct re_save_state);
12684 ix -= SAVESTACK_ALLOC_FOR_RE_SAVE_STATE;
12686 new_state->re_state_bostr
12687 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_bostr);
12688 new_state->re_state_reginput
12689 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_reginput);
12690 new_state->re_state_regeol
12691 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_regeol);
12692 new_state->re_state_regoffs
12693 = (regexp_paren_pair*)
12694 any_dup(old_state->re_state_regoffs, proto_perl);
12695 new_state->re_state_reglastparen
12696 = (U32*) any_dup(old_state->re_state_reglastparen,
12698 new_state->re_state_reglastcloseparen
12699 = (U32*)any_dup(old_state->re_state_reglastcloseparen,
12701 /* XXX This just has to be broken. The old save_re_context
12702 code did SAVEGENERICPV(PL_reg_start_tmp);
12703 PL_reg_start_tmp is char **.
12704 Look above to what the dup code does for
12705 SAVEt_GENERIC_PVREF
12706 It can never have worked.
12707 So this is merely a faithful copy of the exiting bug: */
12708 new_state->re_state_reg_start_tmp
12709 = (char **) pv_dup((char *)
12710 old_state->re_state_reg_start_tmp);
12711 /* I assume that it only ever "worked" because no-one called
12712 (pseudo)fork while the regexp engine had re-entered itself.
12714 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
12715 new_state->re_state_nrs
12716 = sv_dup(old_state->re_state_nrs, param);
12718 new_state->re_state_reg_magic
12719 = (MAGIC*) any_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_magic,
12721 new_state->re_state_reg_oldcurpm
12722 = (PMOP*) any_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_oldcurpm,
12724 new_state->re_state_reg_curpm
12725 = (PMOP*) any_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_curpm,
12727 new_state->re_state_reg_oldsaved
12728 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_oldsaved);
12729 new_state->re_state_reg_poscache
12730 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_poscache);
12731 new_state->re_state_reg_starttry
12732 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_starttry);
12735 case SAVEt_COMPILE_WARNINGS:
12736 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12737 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = DUP_WARNINGS((STRLEN*)ptr);
12740 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
12741 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = parser_dup((const yy_parser*)ptr, param);
12745 "panic: ss_dup inconsistency (%"IVdf")", (IV) type);
12753 /* if sv is a stash, call $class->CLONE_SKIP(), and set the SVphv_CLONEABLE
12754 * flag to the result. This is done for each stash before cloning starts,
12755 * so we know which stashes want their objects cloned */
12758 do_mark_cloneable_stash(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
12760 const HEK * const hvname = HvNAME_HEK((const HV *)sv);
12762 GV* const cloner = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(MUTABLE_HV(sv), "CLONE_SKIP", 0);
12763 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVphv_CLONEABLE; /* clone objects by default */
12764 if (cloner && GvCV(cloner)) {
12771 mXPUSHs(newSVhek(hvname));
12773 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(cloner)), G_SCALAR);
12780 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVphv_CLONEABLE;
12788 =for apidoc perl_clone
12790 Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
12792 perl_clone takes these flags as parameters:
12794 CLONEf_COPY_STACKS - is used to, well, copy the stacks also,
12795 without it we only clone the data and zero the stacks,
12796 with it we copy the stacks and the new perl interpreter is
12797 ready to run at the exact same point as the previous one.
12798 The pseudo-fork code uses COPY_STACKS while the
12799 threads->create doesn't.
12801 CLONEf_KEEP_PTR_TABLE -
12802 perl_clone keeps a ptr_table with the pointer of the old
12803 variable as a key and the new variable as a value,
12804 this allows it to check if something has been cloned and not
12805 clone it again but rather just use the value and increase the
12806 refcount. If KEEP_PTR_TABLE is not set then perl_clone will kill
12807 the ptr_table using the function
12808 C<ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table); PL_ptr_table = NULL;>,
12809 reason to keep it around is if you want to dup some of your own
12810 variable who are outside the graph perl scans, example of this
12811 code is in threads.xs create.
12813 CLONEf_CLONE_HOST -
12814 This is a win32 thing, it is ignored on unix, it tells perls
12815 win32host code (which is c++) to clone itself, this is needed on
12816 win32 if you want to run two threads at the same time,
12817 if you just want to do some stuff in a separate perl interpreter
12818 and then throw it away and return to the original one,
12819 you don't need to do anything.
12824 /* XXX the above needs expanding by someone who actually understands it ! */
12825 EXTERN_C PerlInterpreter *
12826 perl_clone_host(PerlInterpreter* proto_perl, UV flags);
12829 perl_clone(PerlInterpreter *proto_perl, UV flags)
12832 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
12834 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERL_CLONE;
12836 /* perlhost.h so we need to call into it
12837 to clone the host, CPerlHost should have a c interface, sky */
12839 if (flags & CLONEf_CLONE_HOST) {
12840 return perl_clone_host(proto_perl,flags);
12842 return perl_clone_using(proto_perl, flags,
12844 proto_perl->IMemShared,
12845 proto_perl->IMemParse,
12847 proto_perl->IStdIO,
12851 proto_perl->IProc);
12855 perl_clone_using(PerlInterpreter *proto_perl, UV flags,
12856 struct IPerlMem* ipM, struct IPerlMem* ipMS,
12857 struct IPerlMem* ipMP, struct IPerlEnv* ipE,
12858 struct IPerlStdIO* ipStd, struct IPerlLIO* ipLIO,
12859 struct IPerlDir* ipD, struct IPerlSock* ipS,
12860 struct IPerlProc* ipP)
12862 /* XXX many of the string copies here can be optimized if they're
12863 * constants; they need to be allocated as common memory and just
12864 * their pointers copied. */
12867 CLONE_PARAMS clone_params;
12868 CLONE_PARAMS* const param = &clone_params;
12870 PerlInterpreter * const my_perl = (PerlInterpreter*)(*ipM->pMalloc)(ipM, sizeof(PerlInterpreter));
12872 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERL_CLONE_USING;
12873 #else /* !PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS */
12875 CLONE_PARAMS clone_params;
12876 CLONE_PARAMS* param = &clone_params;
12877 PerlInterpreter * const my_perl = (PerlInterpreter*)PerlMem_malloc(sizeof(PerlInterpreter));
12879 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERL_CLONE;
12880 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS */
12882 /* for each stash, determine whether its objects should be cloned */
12883 S_visit(proto_perl, do_mark_cloneable_stash, SVt_PVHV, SVTYPEMASK);
12884 PERL_SET_THX(my_perl);
12887 PoisonNew(my_perl, 1, PerlInterpreter);
12890 PL_defstash = NULL; /* may be used by perl malloc() */
12893 PL_scopestack_name = 0;
12895 PL_savestack_ix = 0;
12896 PL_savestack_max = -1;
12897 PL_sig_pending = 0;
12899 Zero(&PL_debug_pad, 1, struct perl_debug_pad);
12900 # ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
12901 PL_sv_serial = (((UV)my_perl >> 2) & 0xfff) * 1000000;
12903 #else /* !DEBUGGING */
12904 Zero(my_perl, 1, PerlInterpreter);
12905 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
12907 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
12908 /* host pointers */
12910 PL_MemShared = ipMS;
12911 PL_MemParse = ipMP;
12918 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS */
12920 param->flags = flags;
12921 /* Nothing in the core code uses this, but we make it available to
12922 extensions (using mg_dup). */
12923 param->proto_perl = proto_perl;
12924 /* Likely nothing will use this, but it is initialised to be consistent
12925 with Perl_clone_params_new(). */
12926 param->new_perl = my_perl;
12927 param->unreferenced = NULL;
12929 INIT_TRACK_MEMPOOL(my_perl->Imemory_debug_header, my_perl);
12931 PL_body_arenas = NULL;
12932 Zero(&PL_body_roots, 1, PL_body_roots);
12935 PL_sv_objcount = 0;
12937 PL_sv_arenaroot = NULL;
12939 PL_debug = proto_perl->Idebug;
12941 PL_hash_seed = proto_perl->Ihash_seed;
12942 PL_rehash_seed = proto_perl->Irehash_seed;
12944 SvANY(&PL_sv_undef) = NULL;
12945 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_undef) = (~(U32)0)/2;
12946 SvFLAGS(&PL_sv_undef) = SVf_READONLY|SVt_NULL;
12947 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_no) = (~(U32)0)/2;
12948 SvFLAGS(&PL_sv_no) = SVp_IOK|SVf_IOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_NOK
12949 |SVp_POK|SVf_POK|SVf_READONLY|SVt_PVNV;
12951 SvANY(&PL_sv_yes) = new_XPVNV();
12952 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_yes) = (~(U32)0)/2;
12953 SvFLAGS(&PL_sv_yes) = SVp_IOK|SVf_IOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_NOK
12954 |SVp_POK|SVf_POK|SVf_READONLY|SVt_PVNV;
12956 /* dbargs array probably holds garbage */
12959 PL_compiling = proto_perl->Icompiling;
12961 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
12966 /* pseudo environmental stuff */
12967 PL_origargc = proto_perl->Iorigargc;
12968 PL_origargv = proto_perl->Iorigargv;
12970 /* Set tainting stuff before PerlIO_debug can possibly get called */
12971 PL_tainting = proto_perl->Itainting;
12972 PL_taint_warn = proto_perl->Itaint_warn;
12974 PL_minus_c = proto_perl->Iminus_c;
12976 PL_localpatches = proto_perl->Ilocalpatches;
12977 PL_splitstr = proto_perl->Isplitstr;
12978 PL_minus_n = proto_perl->Iminus_n;
12979 PL_minus_p = proto_perl->Iminus_p;
12980 PL_minus_l = proto_perl->Iminus_l;
12981 PL_minus_a = proto_perl->Iminus_a;
12982 PL_minus_E = proto_perl->Iminus_E;
12983 PL_minus_F = proto_perl->Iminus_F;
12984 PL_doswitches = proto_perl->Idoswitches;
12985 PL_dowarn = proto_perl->Idowarn;
12986 PL_sawampersand = proto_perl->Isawampersand;
12987 PL_unsafe = proto_perl->Iunsafe;
12988 PL_perldb = proto_perl->Iperldb;
12989 PL_perl_destruct_level = proto_perl->Iperl_destruct_level;
12990 PL_exit_flags = proto_perl->Iexit_flags;
12992 /* XXX time(&PL_basetime) when asked for? */
12993 PL_basetime = proto_perl->Ibasetime;
12995 PL_maxsysfd = proto_perl->Imaxsysfd;
12996 PL_statusvalue = proto_perl->Istatusvalue;
12998 PL_statusvalue_vms = proto_perl->Istatusvalue_vms;
13000 PL_statusvalue_posix = proto_perl->Istatusvalue_posix;
13003 /* RE engine related */
13004 Zero(&PL_reg_state, 1, struct re_save_state);
13005 PL_reginterp_cnt = 0;
13006 PL_regmatch_slab = NULL;
13008 PL_sub_generation = proto_perl->Isub_generation;
13010 /* funky return mechanisms */
13011 PL_forkprocess = proto_perl->Iforkprocess;
13013 /* internal state */
13014 PL_maxo = proto_perl->Imaxo;
13016 PL_main_start = proto_perl->Imain_start;
13017 PL_eval_root = proto_perl->Ieval_root;
13018 PL_eval_start = proto_perl->Ieval_start;
13020 PL_filemode = proto_perl->Ifilemode;
13021 PL_lastfd = proto_perl->Ilastfd;
13022 PL_oldname = proto_perl->Ioldname; /* XXX not quite right */
13025 PL_gensym = proto_perl->Igensym;
13027 PL_laststatval = proto_perl->Ilaststatval;
13028 PL_laststype = proto_perl->Ilaststype;
13031 PL_profiledata = NULL;
13033 PL_generation = proto_perl->Igeneration;
13035 PL_in_clean_objs = proto_perl->Iin_clean_objs;
13036 PL_in_clean_all = proto_perl->Iin_clean_all;
13038 PL_delaymagic_uid = proto_perl->Idelaymagic_uid;
13039 PL_delaymagic_euid = proto_perl->Idelaymagic_euid;
13040 PL_delaymagic_gid = proto_perl->Idelaymagic_gid;
13041 PL_delaymagic_egid = proto_perl->Idelaymagic_egid;
13042 PL_nomemok = proto_perl->Inomemok;
13043 PL_an = proto_perl->Ian;
13044 PL_evalseq = proto_perl->Ievalseq;
13045 PL_origenviron = proto_perl->Iorigenviron; /* XXX not quite right */
13046 PL_origalen = proto_perl->Iorigalen;
13048 PL_sighandlerp = proto_perl->Isighandlerp;
13050 PL_runops = proto_perl->Irunops;
13052 PL_subline = proto_perl->Isubline;
13055 PL_cryptseen = proto_perl->Icryptseen;
13058 PL_hints = proto_perl->Ihints;
13060 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
13061 PL_collation_ix = proto_perl->Icollation_ix;
13062 PL_collation_standard = proto_perl->Icollation_standard;
13063 PL_collxfrm_base = proto_perl->Icollxfrm_base;
13064 PL_collxfrm_mult = proto_perl->Icollxfrm_mult;
13065 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
13067 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
13068 PL_numeric_standard = proto_perl->Inumeric_standard;
13069 PL_numeric_local = proto_perl->Inumeric_local;
13070 #endif /* !USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
13072 /* Did the locale setup indicate UTF-8? */
13073 PL_utf8locale = proto_perl->Iutf8locale;
13074 /* Unicode features (see perlrun/-C) */
13075 PL_unicode = proto_perl->Iunicode;
13077 /* Pre-5.8 signals control */
13078 PL_signals = proto_perl->Isignals;
13080 /* times() ticks per second */
13081 PL_clocktick = proto_perl->Iclocktick;
13083 /* Recursion stopper for PerlIO_find_layer */
13084 PL_in_load_module = proto_perl->Iin_load_module;
13086 /* sort() routine */
13087 PL_sort_RealCmp = proto_perl->Isort_RealCmp;
13089 /* Not really needed/useful since the reenrant_retint is "volatile",
13090 * but do it for consistency's sake. */
13091 PL_reentrant_retint = proto_perl->Ireentrant_retint;
13093 /* Hooks to shared SVs and locks. */
13094 PL_sharehook = proto_perl->Isharehook;
13095 PL_lockhook = proto_perl->Ilockhook;
13096 PL_unlockhook = proto_perl->Iunlockhook;
13097 PL_threadhook = proto_perl->Ithreadhook;
13098 PL_destroyhook = proto_perl->Idestroyhook;
13099 PL_signalhook = proto_perl->Isignalhook;
13101 PL_globhook = proto_perl->Iglobhook;
13104 PL_last_swash_hv = NULL; /* reinits on demand */
13105 PL_last_swash_klen = 0;
13106 PL_last_swash_key[0]= '\0';
13107 PL_last_swash_tmps = (U8*)NULL;
13108 PL_last_swash_slen = 0;
13110 PL_glob_index = proto_perl->Iglob_index;
13111 PL_srand_called = proto_perl->Isrand_called;
13113 if (flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS) {
13114 /* next allocation will be PL_tmps_stack[PL_tmps_ix+1] */
13115 PL_tmps_ix = proto_perl->Itmps_ix;
13116 PL_tmps_max = proto_perl->Itmps_max;
13117 PL_tmps_floor = proto_perl->Itmps_floor;
13119 /* next push_scope()/ENTER sets PL_scopestack[PL_scopestack_ix]
13120 * NOTE: unlike the others! */
13121 PL_scopestack_ix = proto_perl->Iscopestack_ix;
13122 PL_scopestack_max = proto_perl->Iscopestack_max;
13124 /* next SSPUSHFOO() sets PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix]
13125 * NOTE: unlike the others! */
13126 PL_savestack_ix = proto_perl->Isavestack_ix;
13127 PL_savestack_max = proto_perl->Isavestack_max;
13130 PL_start_env = proto_perl->Istart_env; /* XXXXXX */
13131 PL_top_env = &PL_start_env;
13133 PL_op = proto_perl->Iop;
13136 PL_Xpv = (XPV*)NULL;
13137 my_perl->Ina = proto_perl->Ina;
13139 PL_statbuf = proto_perl->Istatbuf;
13140 PL_statcache = proto_perl->Istatcache;
13143 PL_timesbuf = proto_perl->Itimesbuf;
13146 PL_tainted = proto_perl->Itainted;
13147 PL_curpm = proto_perl->Icurpm; /* XXX No PMOP ref count */
13149 PL_chopset = proto_perl->Ichopset; /* XXX never deallocated */
13151 PL_restartjmpenv = proto_perl->Irestartjmpenv;
13152 PL_restartop = proto_perl->Irestartop;
13153 PL_in_eval = proto_perl->Iin_eval;
13154 PL_delaymagic = proto_perl->Idelaymagic;
13155 PL_phase = proto_perl->Iphase;
13156 PL_localizing = proto_perl->Ilocalizing;
13158 PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh = NULL;
13159 PL_modcount = proto_perl->Imodcount;
13160 PL_lastgotoprobe = NULL;
13161 PL_dumpindent = proto_perl->Idumpindent;
13163 PL_efloatbuf = NULL; /* reinits on demand */
13164 PL_efloatsize = 0; /* reinits on demand */
13168 PL_regdummy = proto_perl->Iregdummy;
13169 PL_colorset = 0; /* reinits PL_colors[] */
13170 /*PL_colors[6] = {0,0,0,0,0,0};*/
13172 /* Pluggable optimizer */
13173 PL_peepp = proto_perl->Ipeepp;
13174 PL_rpeepp = proto_perl->Irpeepp;
13175 /* op_free() hook */
13176 PL_opfreehook = proto_perl->Iopfreehook;
13178 #ifdef USE_REENTRANT_API
13179 /* XXX: things like -Dm will segfault here in perlio, but doing
13180 * PERL_SET_CONTEXT(proto_perl);
13181 * breaks too many other things
13183 Perl_reentrant_init(aTHX);
13186 /* create SV map for pointer relocation */
13187 PL_ptr_table = ptr_table_new();
13189 /* initialize these special pointers as early as possible */
13190 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, &proto_perl->Isv_undef, &PL_sv_undef);
13192 SvANY(&PL_sv_no) = new_XPVNV();
13193 SvPV_set(&PL_sv_no, savepvn(PL_No, 0));
13194 SvCUR_set(&PL_sv_no, 0);
13195 SvLEN_set(&PL_sv_no, 1);
13196 SvIV_set(&PL_sv_no, 0);
13197 SvNV_set(&PL_sv_no, 0);
13198 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, &proto_perl->Isv_no, &PL_sv_no);
13200 SvPV_set(&PL_sv_yes, savepvn(PL_Yes, 1));
13201 SvCUR_set(&PL_sv_yes, 1);
13202 SvLEN_set(&PL_sv_yes, 2);
13203 SvIV_set(&PL_sv_yes, 1);
13204 SvNV_set(&PL_sv_yes, 1);
13205 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, &proto_perl->Isv_yes, &PL_sv_yes);
13207 /* create (a non-shared!) shared string table */
13208 PL_strtab = newHV();
13209 HvSHAREKEYS_off(PL_strtab);
13210 hv_ksplit(PL_strtab, HvTOTALKEYS(proto_perl->Istrtab));
13211 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, proto_perl->Istrtab, PL_strtab);
13213 /* These two PVs will be free'd special way so must set them same way op.c does */
13214 PL_compiling.cop_stashpv = savesharedpv(PL_compiling.cop_stashpv);
13215 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, proto_perl->Icompiling.cop_stashpv, PL_compiling.cop_stashpv);
13217 PL_compiling.cop_file = savesharedpv(PL_compiling.cop_file);
13218 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, proto_perl->Icompiling.cop_file, PL_compiling.cop_file);
13220 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, &proto_perl->Icompiling, &PL_compiling);
13221 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
13222 CopHINTHASH_set(&PL_compiling, cophh_copy(CopHINTHASH_get(&PL_compiling)));
13223 PL_curcop = (COP*)any_dup(proto_perl->Icurcop, proto_perl);
13225 param->stashes = newAV(); /* Setup array of objects to call clone on */
13226 /* This makes no difference to the implementation, as it always pushes
13227 and shifts pointers to other SVs without changing their reference
13228 count, with the array becoming empty before it is freed. However, it
13229 makes it conceptually clear what is going on, and will avoid some
13230 work inside av.c, filling slots between AvFILL() and AvMAX() with
13231 &PL_sv_undef, and SvREFCNT_dec()ing those. */
13232 AvREAL_off(param->stashes);
13234 if (!(flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS)) {
13235 param->unreferenced = newAV();
13238 #ifdef PERLIO_LAYERS
13239 /* Clone PerlIO tables as soon as we can handle general xx_dup() */
13240 PerlIO_clone(aTHX_ proto_perl, param);
13243 PL_envgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ienvgv, param);
13244 PL_incgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Iincgv, param);
13245 PL_hintgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ihintgv, param);
13246 PL_origfilename = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Iorigfilename);
13247 PL_diehook = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Idiehook, param);
13248 PL_warnhook = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iwarnhook, param);
13251 PL_patchlevel = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ipatchlevel, param);
13252 PL_apiversion = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iapiversion, param);
13253 PL_inplace = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Iinplace);
13254 PL_e_script = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ie_script, param);
13256 /* magical thingies */
13257 PL_formfeed = sv_dup(proto_perl->Iformfeed, param);
13259 PL_encoding = sv_dup(proto_perl->Iencoding, param);
13261 sv_setpvs(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(0), ""); /* For regex debugging. */
13262 sv_setpvs(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(1), ""); /* ext/re needs these */
13263 sv_setpvs(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(2), ""); /* even without DEBUGGING. */
13266 /* Clone the regex array */
13267 /* ORANGE FIXME for plugins, probably in the SV dup code.
13268 newSViv(PTR2IV(CALLREGDUPE(
13269 INT2PTR(REGEXP *, SvIVX(regex)), param))))
13271 PL_regex_padav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iregex_padav, param);
13272 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
13274 /* shortcuts to various I/O objects */
13275 PL_ofsgv = gv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iofsgv, param);
13276 PL_stdingv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Istdingv, param);
13277 PL_stderrgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Istderrgv, param);
13278 PL_defgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Idefgv, param);
13279 PL_argvgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Iargvgv, param);
13280 PL_argvoutgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Iargvoutgv, param);
13281 PL_argvout_stack = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iargvout_stack, param);
13283 /* shortcuts to regexp stuff */
13284 PL_replgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ireplgv, param);
13286 /* shortcuts to misc objects */
13287 PL_errgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ierrgv, param);
13289 /* shortcuts to debugging objects */
13290 PL_DBgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->IDBgv, param);
13291 PL_DBline = gv_dup(proto_perl->IDBline, param);
13292 PL_DBsub = gv_dup(proto_perl->IDBsub, param);
13293 PL_DBsingle = sv_dup(proto_perl->IDBsingle, param);
13294 PL_DBtrace = sv_dup(proto_perl->IDBtrace, param);
13295 PL_DBsignal = sv_dup(proto_perl->IDBsignal, param);
13297 /* symbol tables */
13298 PL_defstash = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Idefstash, param);
13299 PL_curstash = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icurstash, param);
13300 PL_debstash = hv_dup(proto_perl->Idebstash, param);
13301 PL_globalstash = hv_dup(proto_perl->Iglobalstash, param);
13302 PL_curstname = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icurstname, param);
13304 PL_beginav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ibeginav, param);
13305 PL_beginav_save = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ibeginav_save, param);
13306 PL_checkav_save = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icheckav_save, param);
13307 PL_unitcheckav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iunitcheckav, param);
13308 PL_unitcheckav_save = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iunitcheckav_save, param);
13309 PL_endav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iendav, param);
13310 PL_checkav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icheckav, param);
13311 PL_initav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iinitav, param);
13313 PL_isarev = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iisarev, param);
13315 /* subprocess state */
13316 PL_fdpid = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ifdpid, param);
13318 if (proto_perl->Iop_mask)
13319 PL_op_mask = SAVEPVN(proto_perl->Iop_mask, PL_maxo);
13322 /* PL_asserting = proto_perl->Iasserting; */
13324 /* current interpreter roots */
13325 PL_main_cv = cv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Imain_cv, param);
13327 PL_main_root = OpREFCNT_inc(proto_perl->Imain_root);
13330 /* runtime control stuff */
13331 PL_curcopdb = (COP*)any_dup(proto_perl->Icurcopdb, proto_perl);
13333 PL_preambleav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ipreambleav, param);
13335 PL_ors_sv = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iors_sv, param);
13337 /* interpreter atexit processing */
13338 PL_exitlistlen = proto_perl->Iexitlistlen;
13339 if (PL_exitlistlen) {
13340 Newx(PL_exitlist, PL_exitlistlen, PerlExitListEntry);
13341 Copy(proto_perl->Iexitlist, PL_exitlist, PL_exitlistlen, PerlExitListEntry);
13344 PL_exitlist = (PerlExitListEntry*)NULL;
13346 PL_my_cxt_size = proto_perl->Imy_cxt_size;
13347 if (PL_my_cxt_size) {
13348 Newx(PL_my_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_size, void *);
13349 Copy(proto_perl->Imy_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_size, void *);
13350 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
13351 Newx(PL_my_cxt_keys, PL_my_cxt_size, const char *);
13352 Copy(proto_perl->Imy_cxt_keys, PL_my_cxt_keys, PL_my_cxt_size, char *);
13356 PL_my_cxt_list = (void**)NULL;
13357 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
13358 PL_my_cxt_keys = (const char**)NULL;
13361 PL_modglobal = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Imodglobal, param);
13362 PL_custom_op_names = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icustom_op_names,param);
13363 PL_custom_op_descs = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icustom_op_descs,param);
13364 PL_custom_ops = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icustom_ops, param);
13366 PL_compcv = cv_dup(proto_perl->Icompcv, param);
13368 PAD_CLONE_VARS(proto_perl, param);
13370 #ifdef HAVE_INTERP_INTERN
13371 sys_intern_dup(&proto_perl->Isys_intern, &PL_sys_intern);
13374 PL_DBcv = cv_dup(proto_perl->IDBcv, param);
13376 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
13377 PL_pidstatus = newHV(); /* XXX flag for cloning? */
13379 PL_osname = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Iosname);
13380 PL_parser = parser_dup(proto_perl->Iparser, param);
13382 /* XXX this only works if the saved cop has already been cloned */
13383 if (proto_perl->Iparser) {
13384 PL_parser->saved_curcop = (COP*)any_dup(
13385 proto_perl->Iparser->saved_curcop,
13389 PL_subname = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Isubname, param);
13391 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
13392 PL_collation_name = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Icollation_name);
13393 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
13395 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
13396 PL_numeric_name = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Inumeric_name);
13397 PL_numeric_radix_sv = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Inumeric_radix_sv, param);
13398 #endif /* !USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
13400 /* Unicode inversion lists */
13401 PL_ASCII = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IASCII, param);
13402 PL_Latin1 = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->ILatin1, param);
13404 PL_PerlSpace = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPerlSpace, param);
13405 PL_XPerlSpace = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IXPerlSpace, param);
13407 PL_L1PosixAlnum = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IL1PosixAlnum, param);
13408 PL_PosixAlnum = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixAlnum, param);
13410 PL_L1PosixAlpha = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IL1PosixAlpha, param);
13411 PL_PosixAlpha = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixAlpha, param);
13413 PL_PosixBlank = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixBlank, param);
13414 PL_XPosixBlank = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IXPosixBlank, param);
13416 PL_L1Cased = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IL1Cased, param);
13418 PL_PosixCntrl = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixCntrl, param);
13419 PL_XPosixCntrl = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IXPosixCntrl, param);
13421 PL_PosixDigit = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixDigit, param);
13423 PL_L1PosixGraph = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IL1PosixGraph, param);
13424 PL_PosixGraph = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixGraph, param);
13426 PL_L1PosixLower = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IL1PosixLower, param);
13427 PL_PosixLower = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixLower, param);
13429 PL_L1PosixPrint = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IL1PosixPrint, param);
13430 PL_PosixPrint = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixPrint, param);
13432 PL_L1PosixPunct = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IL1PosixPunct, param);
13433 PL_PosixPunct = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixPunct, param);
13435 PL_PosixSpace = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixSpace, param);
13436 PL_XPosixSpace = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IXPosixSpace, param);
13438 PL_L1PosixUpper = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IL1PosixUpper, param);
13439 PL_PosixUpper = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixUpper, param);
13441 PL_L1PosixWord = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IL1PosixWord, param);
13442 PL_PosixWord = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixWord, param);
13444 PL_PosixXDigit = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IPosixXDigit, param);
13445 PL_XPosixXDigit = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IXPosixXDigit, param);
13447 PL_VertSpace = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IVertSpace, param);
13449 /* utf8 character class swashes */
13450 PL_utf8_alnum = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_alnum, param);
13451 PL_utf8_alpha = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_alpha, param);
13452 PL_utf8_space = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_space, param);
13453 PL_utf8_graph = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_graph, param);
13454 PL_utf8_digit = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_digit, param);
13455 PL_utf8_upper = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_upper, param);
13456 PL_utf8_lower = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_lower, param);
13457 PL_utf8_print = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_print, param);
13458 PL_utf8_punct = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_punct, param);
13459 PL_utf8_xdigit = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_xdigit, param);
13460 PL_utf8_mark = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_mark, param);
13461 PL_utf8_X_begin = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_begin, param);
13462 PL_utf8_X_extend = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_extend, param);
13463 PL_utf8_X_prepend = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_prepend, param);
13464 PL_utf8_X_non_hangul = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_non_hangul, param);
13465 PL_utf8_X_L = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_L, param);
13466 PL_utf8_X_LV = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_LV, param);
13467 PL_utf8_X_LVT = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_LVT, param);
13468 PL_utf8_X_T = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_T, param);
13469 PL_utf8_X_V = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_V, param);
13470 PL_utf8_X_LV_LVT_V = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_LV_LVT_V, param);
13471 PL_utf8_toupper = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_toupper, param);
13472 PL_utf8_totitle = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_totitle, param);
13473 PL_utf8_tolower = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_tolower, param);
13474 PL_utf8_tofold = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_tofold, param);
13475 PL_utf8_idstart = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_idstart, param);
13476 PL_utf8_xidstart = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_xidstart, param);
13477 PL_utf8_perl_idstart = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_perl_idstart, param);
13478 PL_utf8_idcont = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_idcont, param);
13479 PL_utf8_xidcont = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_xidcont, param);
13480 PL_utf8_foldable = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_foldable, param);
13481 PL_utf8_quotemeta = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_quotemeta, param);
13482 PL_ASCII = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IASCII, param);
13483 PL_AboveLatin1 = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->IAboveLatin1, param);
13484 PL_Latin1 = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->ILatin1, param);
13487 if (proto_perl->Ipsig_pend) {
13488 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
13491 PL_psig_pend = (int*)NULL;
13494 if (proto_perl->Ipsig_name) {
13495 Newx(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
13496 sv_dup_inc_multiple(proto_perl->Ipsig_name, PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE,
13498 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
13501 PL_psig_ptr = (SV**)NULL;
13502 PL_psig_name = (SV**)NULL;
13505 if (flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS) {
13506 Newx(PL_tmps_stack, PL_tmps_max, SV*);
13507 sv_dup_inc_multiple(proto_perl->Itmps_stack, PL_tmps_stack,
13508 PL_tmps_ix+1, param);
13510 /* next PUSHMARK() sets *(PL_markstack_ptr+1) */
13511 i = proto_perl->Imarkstack_max - proto_perl->Imarkstack;
13512 Newxz(PL_markstack, i, I32);
13513 PL_markstack_max = PL_markstack + (proto_perl->Imarkstack_max
13514 - proto_perl->Imarkstack);
13515 PL_markstack_ptr = PL_markstack + (proto_perl->Imarkstack_ptr
13516 - proto_perl->Imarkstack);
13517 Copy(proto_perl->Imarkstack, PL_markstack,
13518 PL_markstack_ptr - PL_markstack + 1, I32);
13520 /* next push_scope()/ENTER sets PL_scopestack[PL_scopestack_ix]
13521 * NOTE: unlike the others! */
13522 Newxz(PL_scopestack, PL_scopestack_max, I32);
13523 Copy(proto_perl->Iscopestack, PL_scopestack, PL_scopestack_ix, I32);
13526 Newxz(PL_scopestack_name, PL_scopestack_max, const char *);
13527 Copy(proto_perl->Iscopestack_name, PL_scopestack_name, PL_scopestack_ix, const char *);
13529 /* NOTE: si_dup() looks at PL_markstack */
13530 PL_curstackinfo = si_dup(proto_perl->Icurstackinfo, param);
13532 /* PL_curstack = PL_curstackinfo->si_stack; */
13533 PL_curstack = av_dup(proto_perl->Icurstack, param);
13534 PL_mainstack = av_dup(proto_perl->Imainstack, param);
13536 /* next PUSHs() etc. set *(PL_stack_sp+1) */
13537 PL_stack_base = AvARRAY(PL_curstack);
13538 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + (proto_perl->Istack_sp
13539 - proto_perl->Istack_base);
13540 PL_stack_max = PL_stack_base + AvMAX(PL_curstack);
13542 /*Newxz(PL_savestack, PL_savestack_max, ANY);*/
13543 PL_savestack = ss_dup(proto_perl, param);
13547 ENTER; /* perl_destruct() wants to LEAVE; */
13550 PL_statgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Istatgv, param);
13551 PL_statname = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Istatname, param);
13553 PL_rs = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Irs, param);
13554 PL_last_in_gv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ilast_in_gv, param);
13555 PL_defoutgv = gv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Idefoutgv, param);
13556 PL_toptarget = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Itoptarget, param);
13557 PL_bodytarget = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ibodytarget, param);
13558 PL_formtarget = sv_dup(proto_perl->Iformtarget, param);
13560 PL_errors = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ierrors, param);
13562 PL_sortcop = (OP*)any_dup(proto_perl->Isortcop, proto_perl);
13563 PL_sortstash = hv_dup(proto_perl->Isortstash, param);
13564 PL_firstgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ifirstgv, param);
13565 PL_secondgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Isecondgv, param);
13567 PL_stashcache = newHV();
13569 PL_watchaddr = (char **) ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table,
13570 proto_perl->Iwatchaddr);
13571 PL_watchok = PL_watchaddr ? * PL_watchaddr : NULL;
13572 if (PL_debug && PL_watchaddr) {
13573 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
13574 "WATCHING: %"UVxf" cloned as %"UVxf" with value %"UVxf"\n",
13575 PTR2UV(proto_perl->Iwatchaddr), PTR2UV(PL_watchaddr),
13576 PTR2UV(PL_watchok));
13579 PL_registered_mros = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iregistered_mros, param);
13580 PL_blockhooks = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iblockhooks, param);
13581 PL_utf8_foldclosures = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_foldclosures, param);
13583 /* Call the ->CLONE method, if it exists, for each of the stashes
13584 identified by sv_dup() above.
13586 while(av_len(param->stashes) != -1) {
13587 HV* const stash = MUTABLE_HV(av_shift(param->stashes));
13588 GV* const cloner = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "CLONE", 0);
13589 if (cloner && GvCV(cloner)) {
13594 mXPUSHs(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
13596 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(cloner)), G_DISCARD);
13602 if (!(flags & CLONEf_KEEP_PTR_TABLE)) {
13603 ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table);
13604 PL_ptr_table = NULL;
13607 if (!(flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS)) {
13608 unreferenced_to_tmp_stack(param->unreferenced);
13611 SvREFCNT_dec(param->stashes);
13613 /* orphaned? eg threads->new inside BEGIN or use */
13614 if (PL_compcv && ! SvREFCNT(PL_compcv)) {
13615 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
13616 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
13623 S_unreferenced_to_tmp_stack(pTHX_ AV *const unreferenced)
13625 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UNREFERENCED_TO_TMP_STACK;
13627 if (AvFILLp(unreferenced) > -1) {
13628 SV **svp = AvARRAY(unreferenced);
13629 SV **const last = svp + AvFILLp(unreferenced);
13633 if (SvREFCNT(*svp) == 1)
13635 } while (++svp <= last);
13637 EXTEND_MORTAL(count);
13638 svp = AvARRAY(unreferenced);
13641 if (SvREFCNT(*svp) == 1) {
13642 /* Our reference is the only one to this SV. This means that
13643 in this thread, the scalar effectively has a 0 reference.
13644 That doesn't work (cleanup never happens), so donate our
13645 reference to it onto the save stack. */
13646 PL_tmps_stack[++PL_tmps_ix] = *svp;
13648 /* As an optimisation, because we are already walking the
13649 entire array, instead of above doing either
13650 SvREFCNT_inc(*svp) or *svp = &PL_sv_undef, we can instead
13651 release our reference to the scalar, so that at the end of
13652 the array owns zero references to the scalars it happens to
13653 point to. We are effectively converting the array from
13654 AvREAL() on to AvREAL() off. This saves the av_clear()
13655 (triggered by the SvREFCNT_dec(unreferenced) below) from
13656 walking the array a second time. */
13657 SvREFCNT_dec(*svp);
13660 } while (++svp <= last);
13661 AvREAL_off(unreferenced);
13663 SvREFCNT_dec(unreferenced);
13667 Perl_clone_params_del(CLONE_PARAMS *param)
13669 /* This seemingly funky ordering keeps the build with PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
13671 PerlInterpreter *const to = param->new_perl;
13673 PerlInterpreter *const was = PERL_GET_THX;
13675 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CLONE_PARAMS_DEL;
13681 SvREFCNT_dec(param->stashes);
13682 if (param->unreferenced)
13683 unreferenced_to_tmp_stack(param->unreferenced);
13693 Perl_clone_params_new(PerlInterpreter *const from, PerlInterpreter *const to)
13696 /* Need to play this game, as newAV() can call safesysmalloc(), and that
13697 does a dTHX; to get the context from thread local storage.
13698 FIXME - under PERL_CORE Newx(), Safefree() and friends should expand to
13699 a version that passes in my_perl. */
13700 PerlInterpreter *const was = PERL_GET_THX;
13701 CLONE_PARAMS *param;
13703 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CLONE_PARAMS_NEW;
13709 /* Given that we've set the context, we can do this unshared. */
13710 Newx(param, 1, CLONE_PARAMS);
13713 param->proto_perl = from;
13714 param->new_perl = to;
13715 param->stashes = (AV *)Perl_newSV_type(to, SVt_PVAV);
13716 AvREAL_off(param->stashes);
13717 param->unreferenced = (AV *)Perl_newSV_type(to, SVt_PVAV);
13725 #endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
13728 =head1 Unicode Support
13730 =for apidoc sv_recode_to_utf8
13732 The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
13733 of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
13734 will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
13736 If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
13737 is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
13738 an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
13739 (See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>.)
13741 The PV of the sv is returned.
13746 Perl_sv_recode_to_utf8(pTHX_ SV *sv, SV *encoding)
13750 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_RECODE_TO_UTF8;
13752 if (SvPOK(sv) && !SvUTF8(sv) && !IN_BYTES && SvROK(encoding)) {
13766 Passing sv_yes is wrong - it needs to be or'ed set of constants
13767 for Encode::XS, while UTf-8 decode (currently) assumes a true value means
13768 remove converted chars from source.
13770 Both will default the value - let them.
13772 XPUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
13775 call_method("decode", G_SCALAR);
13779 s = SvPV_const(uni, len);
13780 if (s != SvPVX_const(sv)) {
13781 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
13782 Move(s, SvPVX(sv), len + 1, char);
13783 SvCUR_set(sv, len);
13787 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
13788 /* clear pos and any utf8 cache */
13789 MAGIC * mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
13792 if ((mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))
13793 magic_setutf8(sv,mg); /* clear UTF8 cache */
13798 return SvPOKp(sv) ? SvPVX(sv) : NULL;
13802 =for apidoc sv_cat_decode
13804 The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, the PV of the ssv is
13805 assumed to be octets in that encoding and decoding the input starts
13806 from the position which (PV + *offset) pointed to. The dsv will be
13807 concatenated the decoded UTF-8 string from ssv. Decoding will terminate
13808 when the string tstr appears in decoding output or the input ends on
13809 the PV of the ssv. The value which the offset points will be modified
13810 to the last input position on the ssv.
13812 Returns TRUE if the terminator was found, else returns FALSE.
13817 Perl_sv_cat_decode(pTHX_ SV *dsv, SV *encoding,
13818 SV *ssv, int *offset, char *tstr, int tlen)
13823 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CAT_DECODE;
13825 if (SvPOK(ssv) && SvPOK(dsv) && SvROK(encoding) && offset) {
13836 offsv = newSViv(*offset);
13838 mXPUSHp(tstr, tlen);
13840 call_method("cat_decode", G_SCALAR);
13842 ret = SvTRUE(TOPs);
13843 *offset = SvIV(offsv);
13849 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid argument to sv_cat_decode");
13854 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
13856 * support functions for report_uninit()
13859 /* the maxiumum size of array or hash where we will scan looking
13860 * for the undefined element that triggered the warning */
13862 #define FUV_MAX_SEARCH_SIZE 1000
13864 /* Look for an entry in the hash whose value has the same SV as val;
13865 * If so, return a mortal copy of the key. */
13868 S_find_hash_subscript(pTHX_ const HV *const hv, const SV *const val)
13871 register HE **array;
13874 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_HASH_SUBSCRIPT;
13876 if (!hv || SvMAGICAL(hv) || !HvARRAY(hv) ||
13877 (HvTOTALKEYS(hv) > FUV_MAX_SEARCH_SIZE))
13880 array = HvARRAY(hv);
13882 for (i=HvMAX(hv); i>0; i--) {
13883 register HE *entry;
13884 for (entry = array[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
13885 if (HeVAL(entry) != val)
13887 if ( HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_undef ||
13888 HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder)
13892 if (HeKLEN(entry) == HEf_SVKEY)
13893 return sv_mortalcopy(HeKEY_sv(entry));
13894 return sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HeKEY_hek(entry)));
13900 /* Look for an entry in the array whose value has the same SV as val;
13901 * If so, return the index, otherwise return -1. */
13904 S_find_array_subscript(pTHX_ const AV *const av, const SV *const val)
13908 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_ARRAY_SUBSCRIPT;
13910 if (!av || SvMAGICAL(av) || !AvARRAY(av) ||
13911 (AvFILLp(av) > FUV_MAX_SEARCH_SIZE))
13914 if (val != &PL_sv_undef) {
13915 SV ** const svp = AvARRAY(av);
13918 for (i=AvFILLp(av); i>=0; i--)
13925 /* S_varname(): return the name of a variable, optionally with a subscript.
13926 * If gv is non-zero, use the name of that global, along with gvtype (one
13927 * of "$", "@", "%"); otherwise use the name of the lexical at pad offset
13928 * targ. Depending on the value of the subscript_type flag, return:
13931 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE 1 /* "@foo" */
13932 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY 2 /* "$foo[aindex]" */
13933 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH 3 /* "$foo{keyname}" */
13934 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN 4 /* "within @foo" */
13937 Perl_varname(pTHX_ const GV *const gv, const char gvtype, PADOFFSET targ,
13938 const SV *const keyname, I32 aindex, int subscript_type)
13941 SV * const name = sv_newmortal();
13942 if (gv && isGV(gv)) {
13944 buffer[0] = gvtype;
13947 /* as gv_fullname4(), but add literal '^' for $^FOO names */
13949 gv_fullname4(name, gv, buffer, 0);
13951 if ((unsigned int)SvPVX(name)[1] <= 26) {
13953 buffer[1] = SvPVX(name)[1] + 'A' - 1;
13955 /* Swap the 1 unprintable control character for the 2 byte pretty
13956 version - ie substr($name, 1, 1) = $buffer; */
13957 sv_insert(name, 1, 1, buffer, 2);
13961 CV * const cv = gv ? ((CV *)gv) : find_runcv(NULL);
13965 assert(!cv || SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
13967 if (!cv || !CvPADLIST(cv))
13969 av = MUTABLE_AV((*av_fetch(CvPADLIST(cv), 0, FALSE)));
13970 sv = *av_fetch(av, targ, FALSE);
13971 sv_setsv(name, sv);
13974 if (subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH) {
13975 SV * const sv = newSV(0);
13976 *SvPVX(name) = '$';
13977 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ name, "{%s}",
13978 pv_pretty(sv, SvPVX_const(keyname), SvCUR(keyname), 32, NULL, NULL,
13979 PERL_PV_PRETTY_DUMP | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT ));
13982 else if (subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY) {
13983 *SvPVX(name) = '$';
13984 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ name, "[%"IVdf"]", (IV)aindex);
13986 else if (subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN) {
13987 /* We know that name has no magic, so can use 0 instead of SV_GMAGIC */
13988 Perl_sv_insert_flags(aTHX_ name, 0, 0, STR_WITH_LEN("within "), 0);
13996 =for apidoc find_uninit_var
13998 Find the name of the undefined variable (if any) that caused the operator
13999 to issue a "Use of uninitialized value" warning.
14000 If match is true, only return a name if its value matches uninit_sv.
14001 So roughly speaking, if a unary operator (such as OP_COS) generates a
14002 warning, then following the direct child of the op may yield an
14003 OP_PADSV or OP_GV that gives the name of the undefined variable. On the
14004 other hand, with OP_ADD there are two branches to follow, so we only print
14005 the variable name if we get an exact match.
14007 The name is returned as a mortal SV.
14009 Assumes that PL_op is the op that originally triggered the error, and that
14010 PL_comppad/PL_curpad points to the currently executing pad.
14016 S_find_uninit_var(pTHX_ const OP *const obase, const SV *const uninit_sv,
14022 const OP *o, *o2, *kid;
14024 if (!obase || (match && (!uninit_sv || uninit_sv == &PL_sv_undef ||
14025 uninit_sv == &PL_sv_placeholder)))
14028 switch (obase->op_type) {
14035 const bool pad = (obase->op_type == OP_PADAV || obase->op_type == OP_PADHV);
14036 const bool hash = (obase->op_type == OP_PADHV || obase->op_type == OP_RV2HV);
14039 int subscript_type = FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN;
14041 if (pad) { /* @lex, %lex */
14042 sv = PAD_SVl(obase->op_targ);
14046 if (cUNOPx(obase)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV) {
14047 /* @global, %global */
14048 gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(obase)->op_first);
14051 sv = hash ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)): MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv));
14053 else if (obase == PL_op) /* @{expr}, %{expr} */
14054 return find_uninit_var(cUNOPx(obase)->op_first,
14056 else /* @{expr}, %{expr} as a sub-expression */
14060 /* attempt to find a match within the aggregate */
14062 keysv = find_hash_subscript((const HV*)sv, uninit_sv);
14064 subscript_type = FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH;
14067 index = find_array_subscript((const AV *)sv, uninit_sv);
14069 subscript_type = FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY;
14072 if (match && subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN)
14075 return varname(gv, hash ? '%' : '@', obase->op_targ,
14076 keysv, index, subscript_type);
14080 if (cUNOPx(obase)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV) {
14082 gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(obase)->op_first);
14083 if (!gv || !GvSTASH(gv))
14085 if (match && (GvSV(gv) != uninit_sv))
14087 return varname(gv, '$', 0, NULL, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
14090 return find_uninit_var(cUNOPx(obase)->op_first, uninit_sv, 1);
14093 if (match && PAD_SVl(obase->op_targ) != uninit_sv)
14095 return varname(NULL, '$', obase->op_targ,
14096 NULL, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
14099 gv = cGVOPx_gv(obase);
14100 if (!gv || (match && GvSV(gv) != uninit_sv) || !GvSTASH(gv))
14102 return varname(gv, '$', 0, NULL, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
14104 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
14107 AV *av = MUTABLE_AV(PAD_SV(obase->op_targ));
14108 if (!av || SvRMAGICAL(av))
14110 svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)obase->op_private, FALSE);
14111 if (!svp || *svp != uninit_sv)
14114 return varname(NULL, '$', obase->op_targ,
14115 NULL, (I32)obase->op_private, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
14118 gv = cGVOPx_gv(obase);
14123 AV *const av = GvAV(gv);
14124 if (!av || SvRMAGICAL(av))
14126 svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)obase->op_private, FALSE);
14127 if (!svp || *svp != uninit_sv)
14130 return varname(gv, '$', 0,
14131 NULL, (I32)obase->op_private, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
14136 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
14137 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_NULL ||
14138 ! (o->op_targ == OP_AELEM || o->op_targ == OP_HELEM))
14140 return find_uninit_var(cBINOPo->op_last, uninit_sv, match);
14145 bool negate = FALSE;
14147 if (PL_op == obase)
14148 /* $a[uninit_expr] or $h{uninit_expr} */
14149 return find_uninit_var(cBINOPx(obase)->op_last, uninit_sv, match);
14152 o = cBINOPx(obase)->op_first;
14153 kid = cBINOPx(obase)->op_last;
14155 /* get the av or hv, and optionally the gv */
14157 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_PADHV) {
14158 sv = PAD_SV(o->op_targ);
14160 else if ((o->op_type == OP_RV2AV || o->op_type == OP_RV2HV)
14161 && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_GV)
14163 gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
14167 == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv));
14172 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_NEGATE) {
14174 kid = cUNOPx(kid)->op_first;
14177 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_CONST && SvOK(cSVOPx_sv(kid))) {
14178 /* index is constant */
14181 kidsv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs("-"));
14182 sv_catsv(kidsv, cSVOPx_sv(kid));
14185 kidsv = cSVOPx_sv(kid);
14189 if (obase->op_type == OP_HELEM) {
14190 HE* he = hv_fetch_ent(MUTABLE_HV(sv), kidsv, 0, 0);
14191 if (!he || HeVAL(he) != uninit_sv)
14195 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(MUTABLE_AV(sv),
14196 negate ? - SvIV(cSVOPx_sv(kid)) : SvIV(cSVOPx_sv(kid)),
14198 if (!svp || *svp != uninit_sv)
14202 if (obase->op_type == OP_HELEM)
14203 return varname(gv, '%', o->op_targ,
14204 kidsv, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH);
14206 return varname(gv, '@', o->op_targ, NULL,
14207 negate ? - SvIV(cSVOPx_sv(kid)) : SvIV(cSVOPx_sv(kid)),
14208 FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
14211 /* index is an expression;
14212 * attempt to find a match within the aggregate */
14213 if (obase->op_type == OP_HELEM) {
14214 SV * const keysv = find_hash_subscript((const HV*)sv, uninit_sv);
14216 return varname(gv, '%', o->op_targ,
14217 keysv, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH);
14221 = find_array_subscript((const AV *)sv, uninit_sv);
14223 return varname(gv, '@', o->op_targ,
14224 NULL, index, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
14229 (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV)
14231 o->op_targ, NULL, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN);
14237 /* only examine RHS */
14238 return find_uninit_var(cBINOPx(obase)->op_first, uninit_sv, match);
14241 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
14242 if (o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
14245 if (!o->op_sibling) {
14246 /* one-arg version of open is highly magical */
14248 if (o->op_type == OP_GV) { /* open FOO; */
14250 if (match && GvSV(gv) != uninit_sv)
14252 return varname(gv, '$', 0,
14253 NULL, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
14255 /* other possibilities not handled are:
14256 * open $x; or open my $x; should return '${*$x}'
14257 * open expr; should return '$'.expr ideally
14263 /* ops where $_ may be an implicit arg */
14268 if ( !(obase->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
14269 if (uninit_sv == ((obase->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
14270 ? PAD_SVl(obase->op_targ)
14273 sv = sv_newmortal();
14274 sv_setpvs(sv, "$_");
14283 match = 1; /* print etc can return undef on defined args */
14284 /* skip filehandle as it can't produce 'undef' warning */
14285 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
14286 if ((obase->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
14287 o = o->op_sibling->op_sibling;
14291 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* could be eval $undef or $x='$undef'; eval $x */
14292 case OP_CUSTOM: /* XS or custom code could trigger random warnings */
14294 /* the following ops are capable of returning PL_sv_undef even for
14295 * defined arg(s) */
14314 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
14362 case OP_SMARTMATCH:
14371 /* XXX tmp hack: these two may call an XS sub, and currently
14372 XS subs don't have a SUB entry on the context stack, so CV and
14373 pad determination goes wrong, and BAD things happen. So, just
14374 don't try to determine the value under those circumstances.
14375 Need a better fix at dome point. DAPM 11/2007 */
14381 GV * const gv = gv_fetchpvs(".", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV);
14382 if (gv && GvSV(gv) == uninit_sv)
14383 return newSVpvs_flags("$.", SVs_TEMP);
14388 /* def-ness of rval pos() is independent of the def-ness of its arg */
14389 if ( !(obase->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
14394 if (SvROK(PL_rs) && uninit_sv == SvRV(PL_rs))
14395 return newSVpvs_flags("${$/}", SVs_TEMP);
14400 if (!(obase->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
14402 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
14408 /* This loop checks all the kid ops, skipping any that cannot pos-
14409 * sibly be responsible for the uninitialized value; i.e., defined
14410 * constants and ops that return nothing. If there is only one op
14411 * left that is not skipped, then we *know* it is responsible for
14412 * the uninitialized value. If there is more than one op left, we
14413 * have to look for an exact match in the while() loop below.
14416 for (kid=o; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
14418 const OPCODE type = kid->op_type;
14419 if ( (type == OP_CONST && SvOK(cSVOPx_sv(kid)))
14420 || (type == OP_NULL && ! (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
14421 || (type == OP_PUSHMARK)
14425 if (o2) { /* more than one found */
14432 return find_uninit_var(o2, uninit_sv, match);
14434 /* scan all args */
14436 sv = find_uninit_var(o, uninit_sv, 1);
14448 =for apidoc report_uninit
14450 Print appropriate "Use of uninitialized variable" warning.
14456 Perl_report_uninit(pTHX_ const SV *uninit_sv)
14460 SV* varname = NULL;
14461 if (uninit_sv && PL_curpad) {
14462 varname = find_uninit_var(PL_op, uninit_sv,0);
14464 sv_insert(varname, 0, 0, " ", 1);
14466 /* diag_listed_as: Use of uninitialized value%s */
14467 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED), PL_warn_uninit_sv,
14468 SVfARG(varname ? varname : &PL_sv_no),
14469 " in ", OP_DESC(PL_op));
14472 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED), PL_warn_uninit,
14478 * c-indentation-style: bsd
14479 * c-basic-offset: 4
14480 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
14483 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: