perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *
   5  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   6  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   7  *
   8  */
   9
  10 /*
  11  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  12  * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  13  *
  14  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  15  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  16  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  17  *
  18  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  19  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  20  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  21  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  22  *
  23  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  24  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  25  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  26  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  27  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  28  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  29  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  30  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  31  *
  32  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  33  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  34  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  35  *
  36  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  37  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  38  * an action.
  39  */
  40
  41 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  42
  43 %pure_parser
  44
  45 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  46
  47 %start prog
  48
  49 %union {
  50     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  51                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  52     char *pval;
  53     OP *opval;
  54     GV *gvval;
  55 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  56     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  57     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  58 #else
  59     char *p_tkval;
  60     I32 i_tkval;
  61 #endif
  62 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  63     TOKEN* tkval;
  64 #endif
  65 }
  66
  67 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
  68
  69 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
  70 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  71 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  72 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  73 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  74 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  75 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT
  76 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  77 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  78 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  79 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  80 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR
  81
  82 %type <ival> prog progstart remember mremember savescope
  83 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  84 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  85 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  86
  87 %type <opval> decl format subrout mysubrout package use peg
  88
  89 %type <opval> block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  90 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  91 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
  92 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
  93 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
  94 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
  95 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
  96 %type <opval> switch case
  97 %type <p_tkval> label
  98
  99 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 100 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 101
 102 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 103 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 104 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 105 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 106 %left <i_tkval> ','
 107 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 108 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 109 %nonassoc DOTDOT
 110 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 111 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 112 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 113 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 114 %nonassoc EQOP
 115 %nonassoc RELOP
 116 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 117 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 118 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 119 %left ADDOP
 120 %left MULOP
 121 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 122 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 123 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 124 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 125 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 126 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 127 %left <i_tkval> '('
 128 %left '[' '{'
 129
 130 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 131
 132 %% /* RULES */
 133
 134 /* The whole program */
 135 prog    :       progstart
 136         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
 137                         { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
 138         ;
 139
 140 /* An ordinary block */
 141 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
 142                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 143                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 144                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 145                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 146                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 147                         }
 148         ;
 149
 150 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 151                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 152         ;
 153
 154 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 155                         { $$ = (I32) allocmy("$_"); }
 156         ;
 157
 158 progstart:
 159                 {
 160                     PL_parser->expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
 161                 }
 162         ;
 163
 164
 165 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 166                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 167                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 168                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 169                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 170                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 171                         }
 172         ;
 173
 174 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 175                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 176         ;
 177
 178 savescope:      /* NULL */      /* remember stack pos in case of error */
 179                 { $$ = PL_savestack_ix; }
 180
 181 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
 182 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 183                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 184         |       lineseq decl
 185                         {
 186                         $$ = IF_MAD(
 187                                 append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 188                                     (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2),
 189                                 $1);
 190                         }
 191         |       lineseq savescope line
 192                         {   LEAVE_SCOPE($2);
 193                             $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 194                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$3);
 195                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 196                             if ($1 && $3) PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 197         ;
 198
 199 /* A "line" in the program */
 200 line    :       label cond
 201                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 202                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 203         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 204         |       switch  /* ... and so do switches */
 205                         { $$ = $1; }
 206         |       label case
 207                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
 208         |       label ';'
 209                         {
 210                           if (PVAL($1)) {
 211                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 212                               TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'L');
 213                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,';');
 214                           }
 215                           else {
 216                               $$ = IF_MAD(
 217                                         newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 218                                         Nullop);
 219                               PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
 220                               TOKEN_FREE($1);
 221                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 222                           }
 223                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 224                         }
 225         |       label sideff ';'
 226                         {
 227                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 228                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 229                           DO_MAD({
 230                               /* sideff might already have a nexstate */
 231                               OP* op = ((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first;
 232                               if (op) {
 233                                   while (op->op_sibling &&
 234                                      op->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)
 235                                         op = op->op_sibling;
 236                                   token_getmad($1,op,'L');
 237                                   token_getmad($3,op,';');
 238                               }
 239                           })
 240                         }
 241         ;
 242
 243 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 244 sideff  :       error
 245                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 246         |       expr
 247                         { $$ = $1; }
 248         |       expr IF expr
 249                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 250                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 251                         }
 252         |       expr UNLESS expr
 253                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 254                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 255                         }
 256         |       expr WHILE expr
 257                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 258                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 259                         }
 260         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 261                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 262                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 263                         }
 264         |       expr FOR expr
 265                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, Nullch, (line_t)IVAL($2),
 266                                         Nullop, $3, $1, Nullop);
 267                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first->op_sibling,'w');
 268                         }
 269         ;
 270
 271 /* else and elsif blocks */
 272 else    :       /* NULL */
 273                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 274         |       ELSE mblock
 275                         { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2);
 276                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 277                         }
 278         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 279                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 280                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, $3, scope($5), $6);
 281                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 282                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 283                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 284                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 285                         }
 286         ;
 287
 288 /* Real conditional expressions */
 289 cond    :       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 290                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 291                             $$ = block_end($3,
 292                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 293                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 294                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 295                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 296                         }
 297         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 298                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 299                             $$ = block_end($3,
 300                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 301                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 302                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 303                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 304                         }
 305         ;
 306
 307 /* Cases for a switch statement */
 308 case    :       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 309         { $$ = block_end($3,
 310                 newWHENOP($4, scope($6))); }
 311         |       DEFAULT block
 312         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, scope($2)); }
 313         ;
 314
 315 /* Continue blocks */
 316 cont    :       /* NULL */
 317                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 318         |       CONTINUE block
 319                         { $$ = scope($2);
 320                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 321                         }
 322         ;
 323
 324 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
 325 loop    :       label WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 326                         { OP *innerop;
 327                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)$2;
 328                             $$ = block_end($4,
 329                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 330                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 331                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 332                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 333                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 334                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 335                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 336                         }
 337
 338         |       label UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 339                         { OP *innerop;
 340                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)$2;
 341                             $$ = block_end($4,
 342                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 343                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 344                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 345                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 346                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 347                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 348                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 349                         }
 350         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 351                         { OP *innerop;
 352                           $$ = block_end($4,
 353                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 354                                             $5, $7, $9, $10));
 355                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 356                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 357                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'d');
 358                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 359                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 360                         }
 361         |       label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 362                         { OP *innerop;
 363                           $$ = block_end($5,
 364                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 365                                     mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
 366                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 367                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 368                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 369                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 370                         }
 371         |       label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 372                         { OP *innerop;
 373                           $$ = block_end($4,
 374                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 375                                                     Nullop, $5, $7, $8));
 376                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 377                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 378                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 379                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 380                         }
 381         |       label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 382                     mblock
 383                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 384                         { OP *forop;
 385                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 386                           forop = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 387                                             newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 388                                                 IVAL($2), scalar($7),
 389                                                 $12, $10, $9));
 390 #ifdef MAD
 391                           forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 392                                 newSTATEOP(0,
 393                                            CopLABEL_alloc(($1)->tk_lval.pval),
 394                                            ($5 ? $5 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0)) ),
 395                                 forop));
 396
 397                           token_getmad($2,forop,'3');
 398                           token_getmad($3,forop,'(');
 399                           token_getmad($6,forop,'1');
 400                           token_getmad($8,forop,'2');
 401                           token_getmad($11,forop,')');
 402                           token_getmad($1,forop,'L');
 403 #else
 404                           if ($5) {
 405                                 forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 406                                         newSTATEOP(0, CopLABEL_alloc($1), $5),
 407                                         forop);
 408                           }
 409
 410
 411 #endif
 412                           $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
 413         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 414                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 415                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 416                                             NOLINE, Nullop, $2, $3, 0));
 417                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 418         ;
 419
 420 /* Switch blocks */
 421 switch  :       label GIVEN '(' remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 422                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t) $2;
 423                             $$ = block_end($4,
 424                                 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 425                                     newGIVENOP($6, scope($8),
 426                                         (PADOFFSET) $5) )); }
 427         ;
 428
 429 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 430 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 431                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 432                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 433                           intro_my(); }
 434
 435 /* Normal expression */
 436 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 437                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 438         |       sideff
 439         ;
 440
 441 /* Boolean expression */
 442 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 443                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 444                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 445                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 446         |       expr
 447         ;
 448
 449 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 450 iexpr   :       expr
 451                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 452         ;
 453
 454 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 455 mexpr   :       expr
 456                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 457         ;
 458
 459 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 460                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 461         ;
 462
 463 miexpr  :       iexpr
 464                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 465         ;
 466
 467 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 468 label   :       /* empty */
 469                         {
 470 #ifdef MAD
 471                           YYSTYPE tmplval;
 472                           tmplval.pval = Nullch;
 473                           $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0);
 474 #else
 475                           $$ = Nullch;
 476 #endif
 477                         }
 478         |       LABEL
 479         ;
 480
 481 /* Some kind of declaration - just hang on peg in the parse tree */
 482 decl    :       format
 483                         { $$ = $1; }
 484         |       subrout
 485                         { $$ = $1; }
 486         |       mysubrout
 487                         { $$ = $1; }
 488         |       package
 489                         { $$ = $1; }
 490         |       use
 491                         { $$ = $1; }
 492
 493     /* these two are only used by MAD */
 494
 495         |       peg
 496                         { $$ = $1; }
 497         ;
 498
 499 peg     :       PEG
 500                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 501                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 502                         }
 503         ;
 504
 505 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 506                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 507 #ifdef MAD
 508                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 509                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 510                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 511                           token_free($1);
 512 #else
 513                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 514                           $$ = Nullop;
 515 #endif
 516                         }
 517         ;
 518
 519 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 520         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = Nullop; }
 521         ;
 522
 523 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 524 mysubrout:      MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 525                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 526 #ifdef MAD
 527                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 528                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 529 #else
 530                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 531                           $$ = Nullop;
 532 #endif
 533                         }
 534         ;
 535
 536 /* Subroutine definition */
 537 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 538                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 539 #ifdef MAD
 540                           {
 541                               OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 542                                 (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 543                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 544                               op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 545                               op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 546                               op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 547                               op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 548                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 549                               append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 550                               $6->op_madprop = 0;
 551                             }
 552 #else
 553                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 554                           $$ = Nullop;
 555 #endif
 556                         }
 557         ;
 558
 559 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 560                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 561                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 562
 563         ;
 564
 565 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 566                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 567                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 568         ;
 569
 570 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 571                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 572                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 573         ;
 574
 575 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 576 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 577                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 578                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 579                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 580                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 581                           $$ = $1; }
 582         ;
 583
 584 /* Subroutine prototype */
 585 proto   :       /* NULL */
 586                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 587         |       THING
 588         ;
 589
 590 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 591 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 592                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 593         |       COLONATTR THING
 594                         { $$ = $2;
 595                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 596                         }
 597         |       COLONATTR
 598                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 599                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 600                                     Nullop
 601                                 );
 602                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 603                         }
 604         ;
 605
 606 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 607 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 608                         { $$ = $2;
 609                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 610                         }
 611         |       COLONATTR
 612                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 613                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 614                                     Nullop
 615                                 );
 616                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 617                         }
 618         ;
 619
 620 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 621 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 622         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 623                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 624                                     Nullop
 625                                 );
 626                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 627                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 628                         }
 629         ;
 630
 631 package :       PACKAGE WORD ';'
 632                         {
 633 #ifdef MAD
 634                           $$ = package($2);
 635                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 636                           token_getmad($3,$$,';');
 637 #else
 638                           package($2);
 639                           $$ = Nullop;
 640 #endif
 641                         }
 642         ;
 643
 644 use     :       USE startsub
 645                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 646                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 647                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 648 #ifdef MAD
 649                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 650                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 651                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 652                           if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
 653                                       AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 654                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_PV, "", 0), $$, 0);
 655 #else
 656                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 657                           $$ = Nullop;
 658 #endif
 659                         }
 660         ;
 661
 662 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 663 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 664                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 665                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 666                         }
 667         |       expr OROP expr
 668                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 669                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 670                         }
 671         |       expr DOROP expr
 672                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 673                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 674                         }
 675         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 676         ;
 677
 678 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 679 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 680                         {
 681 #ifdef MAD
 682                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 683                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 684                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 685 #else
 686                           $$ = $1;
 687 #endif
 688                         }
 689         |       argexpr ',' term
 690                         {
 691                           OP* term = $3;
 692                           DO_MAD(
 693                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 694                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 695                           )
 696                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 697                         }
 698         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 699         ;
 700
 701 /* List operators */
 702 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 703                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 704                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 705                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 706                         }
 707         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 708                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 709                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 710                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 711                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 712                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 713                         }
 714         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 715                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 716                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 717                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 718                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 719                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 720                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 721                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 722                         }
 723         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 724                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 725                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 726                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 727                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 728                         }
 729         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 730                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 731                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 732                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 733                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 734                         }
 735         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 736                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 737                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 738                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 739                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 740                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 741                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 742                         }
 743         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 744                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 745                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 746                         }
 747         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 748                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 749                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 750                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 751                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 752                         }
 753         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 754                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 755                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, Nullop, $3); }
 756                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 757                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 758                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 759                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 760                         }
 761         ;
 762
 763 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 764 method  :       METHOD
 765         |       scalar
 766         ;
 767
 768 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 769 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 770                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 771                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 772                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 773                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 774                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 775                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 776                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 777                         }
 778         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 779                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 780                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 781                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 782                         }
 783         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 784                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 785                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 786                                         scalar($4));
 787                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 788                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 789                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 790                         }
 791         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 792                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 793                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 794                                         scalar($3));
 795                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 796                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 797                         }
 798         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 799                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 800                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 801                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 802                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 803                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 804                         }
 805         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 806                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 807                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 808                                         jmaybe($4));
 809                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 810                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 811                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 812                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 813                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 814                         }
 815         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 816                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 817                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 818                                         jmaybe($3));
 819                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 820                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 821                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 822                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 823                         }
 824         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 825                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 826                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 827                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 828                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 829                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 830                         }
 831         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 832                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 833                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 834                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 835                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 836                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 837                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 838                         }
 839
 840         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 841                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 842                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 843                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 844                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 845                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 846                         }
 847         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 848                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 849                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 850                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 851                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 852                         }
 853         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 854                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 855                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 856                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 857                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 858                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 859                         }
 860         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 861                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, Nullop);
 862                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 863                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 864                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 865                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 866                         }
 867     ;
 868
 869 /* Binary operators between terms */
 870 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 871                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 872                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 873                         }
 874         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 875                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 876                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 877                         }
 878         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 879                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 880                                 scalar($1);
 881                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 882                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 883                         }
 884         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 885                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 886                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 887                         }
 888         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 889                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 890                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 891                         }
 892         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 893                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 894                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 895                         }
 896         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 897                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 898                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 899                         }
 900         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 901                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 902                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 903                         }
 904         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 905                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 906                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 907                         }
 908         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 909                         {
 910                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 911                           DO_MAD({
 912                               UNOP *op;
 913                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 914                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 915                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 916                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 917                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 918                             })
 919                         }
 920         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 921                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 922                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 923                         }
 924         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 925                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 926                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 927                         }
 928         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 929                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 930                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 931                         }
 932         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 933                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
 934                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
 935                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
 936                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
 937                                 '~');
 938                         }
 939     ;
 940
 941 /* Unary operators and terms */
 942 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 943                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
 944                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 945                         }
 946         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 947                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 948                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
 949                                     $2
 950                                 );
 951                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
 952                         }
 953         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 954                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
 955                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 956                         }
 957         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 958                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
 959                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 960                         }
 961         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 962                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 963                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
 964                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 965                         }
 966         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 967                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 968                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
 969                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 970                         }
 971         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
 972                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 973                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
 974                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 975                         }
 976         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
 977                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 978                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
 979                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 980                         }
 981
 982     ;
 983
 984 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
 985 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
 986                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
 987                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 988                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
 989                         }
 990         |       '[' ']'
 991                         { $$ = newANONLIST(Nullop);
 992                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 993                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
 994                         }
 995         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
 996                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
 997                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 998                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
 999                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1000                         }
1001         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1002                         { $$ = newANONHASH(Nullop);
1003                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1004                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1005                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1006                         }
1007         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1008                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1009                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1010                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1011                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1012                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1013                         }
1014
1015     ;
1016
1017 /* Things called with "do" */
1018 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1019                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1020                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1021                         }
1022         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1023                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2));
1024                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1025                         }
1026         |       DO WORD '(' ')'                         /* do somesub() */
1027                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1028                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1029                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1030                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1031                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1032                                     scalar($2)
1033                                 )),Nullop)); dep();
1034                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1035                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1036                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1037                         }
1038         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'                    /* do somesub(@args) */
1039                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1040                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1041                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
1042                                 $4,
1043                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1044                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1045                                     scalar($2)
1046                                 )))); dep();
1047                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1048                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1049                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1050                         }
1051         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                      /* do $subref () */
1052                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1053                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1054                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), Nullop)); dep();
1055                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1056                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1057                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1058                         }
1059         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'                 /* do $subref (@args) */
1060                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1061                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1062                                 $4,
1063                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1064                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1065                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1066                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1067                         }
1068
1069         ;
1070
1071 term    :       termbinop
1072         |       termunop
1073         |       anonymous
1074         |       termdo
1075         |       term '?' term ':' term
1076                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1077                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1078                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1079                         }
1080         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1081                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN));
1082                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1083                         }
1084         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1085                         { $$ = $1; }
1086         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1087                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1088                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1089                         }
1090         |       '(' expr ')'
1091                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1092                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1093                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1094                         }
1095         |       '(' ')'
1096                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1097                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1098                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1099                         }
1100         |       scalar  %prec '('
1101                         { $$ = $1; }
1102         |       star    %prec '('
1103                         { $$ = $1; }
1104         |       hsh     %prec '('
1105                         { $$ = $1; }
1106         |       ary     %prec '('
1107                         { $$ = $1; }
1108         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1109                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1110         |       subscripted
1111                         { $$ = $1; }
1112         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1113                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1114                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1115                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1116                                         list($3),
1117                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1118                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1119                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1120                         }
1121         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1122                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1123                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1124                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1125                                         list($3),
1126                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1127                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1128                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1129                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1130                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1131                         }
1132         |       THING   %prec '('
1133                         { $$ = $1; }
1134         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1135                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1136         |       amper '(' ')'                        /* &foo() */
1137                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1138                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1139                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1140                         }
1141         |       amper '(' expr ')'                   /* &foo(@args) */
1142                         {
1143                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1144                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1145                           DO_MAD({
1146                               OP* op = $$;
1147                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1148                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1149                               }
1150                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1151                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1152                           })
1153                         }
1154         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
1155                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1156                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1157                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1158                         }
1159         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1160                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1161                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1162                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1163                         }
1164         |       LOOPEX term
1165                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1166                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1167                         }
1168         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
1169                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1170                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1171                         }
1172         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1173                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1174                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1175                         }
1176         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1177                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1178                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1179                         }
1180         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1181                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1182                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1183                         }
1184         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
1185                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1186                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1187                         }
1188         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
1189                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1190                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1191                         }
1192         |       UNIOPSUB
1193                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1194         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1195                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1196                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1197         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1198                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1199                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1200                         }
1201         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1202                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1203                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1204                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1205                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1206                         }
1207         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1208                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1209                                 scalar($1)); }
1210         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1211                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1212                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1213                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1214
1215                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1216                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1217                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1218                         }
1219         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1220                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1221                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1222                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1223                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1224                         }
1225         |       PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')'          /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1226                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1227                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1228                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1229                         }
1230         |       WORD
1231         |       listop
1232         ;
1233
1234 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1235 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1236                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1237                           DO_MAD(
1238                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1239                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1240                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1241                           )
1242                         }
1243         |       MY myterm
1244                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1245                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1246                         }
1247         ;
1248
1249 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1250 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1251                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1252                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1253                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1254                         }
1255         |       '(' ')'
1256                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1257                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1258                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1259                         }
1260         |       scalar  %prec '('
1261                         { $$ = $1; }
1262         |       hsh     %prec '('
1263                         { $$ = $1; }
1264         |       ary     %prec '('
1265                         { $$ = $1; }
1266         ;
1267
1268 /* Basic list expressions */
1269 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1270                         { $$ = Nullop; }
1271         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1272                         { $$ = $1; }
1273         ;
1274
1275 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
1276                         { $$ = Nullop; }
1277         |       expr
1278                         { $$ = $1; }
1279         |       expr ','
1280                         {
1281 #ifdef MAD
1282                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
1283                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
1284                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
1285 #else
1286                           $$ = $1;
1287 #endif
1288
1289                         }
1290         ;
1291
1292 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1293    lexical */
1294 my_scalar:      scalar
1295                         { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1296         ;
1297
1298 amper   :       '&' indirob
1299                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1300                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1301                         }
1302         ;
1303
1304 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1305                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1306                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1307                         }
1308         ;
1309
1310 ary     :       '@' indirob
1311                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1312                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1313                         }
1314         ;
1315
1316 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1317                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1318                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1319                         }
1320         ;
1321
1322 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1323                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1324                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1325                         }
1326         ;
1327
1328 star    :       '*' indirob
1329                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1330                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1331                         }
1332         ;
1333
1334 /* Indirect objects */
1335 indirob :       WORD
1336                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1337         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1338                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1339         |       block
1340                         { $$ = scope($1); }
1341
1342         |       PRIVATEREF
1343                         { $$ = $1; }
1344         ;