3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
87 && memEQs(GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
172 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
174 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
175 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
176 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
179 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
180 INIT { bless {} and exit }
181 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
184 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
186 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
187 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
191 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
193 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
194 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
205 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
206 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
212 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
213 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
216 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
218 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
220 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
227 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
231 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
234 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
240 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
241 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
246 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
247 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
250 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
254 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
255 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
256 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
259 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
263 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
264 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
265 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
266 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
267 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
268 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
270 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
271 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
273 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
274 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
277 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
279 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
280 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
285 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
288 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
290 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
291 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
295 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
296 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
298 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
302 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
304 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
305 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
306 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
307 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
308 for perl's internal use.
310 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
312 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
314 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
315 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
316 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
317 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
318 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
320 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
321 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
322 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
323 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
325 =for apidoc Amnh||GV_ADDMULTI
329 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
330 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
331 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
333 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
335 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
336 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
338 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
340 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
341 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
347 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
351 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
352 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
355 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
359 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
361 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
362 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
366 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
368 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
369 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
370 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
371 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
373 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
374 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
375 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
376 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 const bool really_sub =
378 has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV;
379 COP * const old = PL_curcop;
381 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
382 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
385 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
386 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
390 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
391 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
392 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
402 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
403 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
405 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
413 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
418 if (really_sub && !CvISXSUB(has_constant) && CvSTART(has_constant)
419 && ( CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
420 || CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
421 PL_curcop = (COP *)CvSTART(has_constant);
422 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
426 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
427 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
428 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
429 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
431 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
432 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
434 if (CvNAMED(cv) && CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
435 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
436 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
437 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
438 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
439 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
447 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
448 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
449 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
451 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
452 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
453 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
454 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
455 from a reference to CV. */
456 if (exported_constant)
457 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
458 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
463 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
464 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
465 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
471 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
473 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
485 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
493 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
494 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
501 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
504 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
505 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
507 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
508 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
509 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
511 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
512 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
513 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
514 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
519 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
520 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
521 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
522 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
523 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
524 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
525 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
526 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
527 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
528 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
529 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep : case KEY_gt :
530 case KEY_if : case KEY_isa : case KEY_INIT : case KEY_last :
531 case KEY_le : case KEY_local : case KEY_lt : case KEY_m :
532 case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
533 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
534 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
535 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
536 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
537 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
538 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
539 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
540 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
541 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
544 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
545 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
550 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
555 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
560 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
561 oldparser = PL_parser;
562 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
563 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
564 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
566 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
570 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
572 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
576 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
579 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
581 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
582 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
583 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
584 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
585 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
586 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
587 it this order as we need an op number before calling
589 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
591 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
597 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
598 compiling after a syntax error */
599 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
600 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
605 : newSVpvn(name,len),
610 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
611 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
612 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
613 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
616 PL_parser = oldparser;
617 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
618 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
621 SV *opnumsv = newSViv(
622 (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL && len == 9 && memEQ(name, "evalbytes", 9)) ?
623 (OP_ENTEREVAL | (1<<16))
624 : opnum ? opnum : (((I32)name[2]) << 16));
625 cv_set_call_checker_flags(cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv, 0);
626 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(opnumsv);
633 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
635 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
637 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
639 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
640 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
646 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
650 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
651 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
652 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level,
653 flags | SvUTF8(namesv));
654 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
655 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
656 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
660 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
662 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
663 instead of a string/length pair.
669 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
671 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
672 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
676 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
678 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
679 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
680 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
682 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
683 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
684 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
685 up caching info for this glob.
687 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
689 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
693 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
694 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
695 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
696 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
698 =for apidoc Amnh||GV_SUPER
703 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
705 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
706 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
713 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
714 GV* candidate = NULL;
719 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
722 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
724 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
726 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
727 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
733 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
734 hvnamelen = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
736 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
739 assert(name || meth);
741 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
742 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
743 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
745 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
747 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
748 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
749 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
750 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
752 else cachestash = stash;
754 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
756 cachestash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
758 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
765 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
768 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
769 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
771 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
772 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
773 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
777 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
778 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
779 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
784 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
785 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
788 else if (stash == cachestash
789 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */
790 && memEQs(hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "CORE")
791 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
795 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
796 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
797 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
799 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
801 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
804 if ( ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
805 if( /* these are loaded from Perl_Gv_AMupdate() one way or another */
806 ( len && name[0] == '(' ) /* overload.pm related, in particular "()" */
807 || ( memEQs( name, len, "DESTROY") )
809 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
810 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
812 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
814 } else if( memEQs( name, len, "AUTOLOAD") ) {
815 /* gobble this warning */
817 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
818 "While trying to resolve method call %.*s->%.*s()"
819 " can not locate package \"%" SVf "\" yet it is mentioned in @%.*s::ISA"
820 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
821 (int) hvnamelen, hvname,
824 (int) hvnamelen, hvname,
833 gvp = (GV**)hv_common(
834 cstash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, HV_FETCH_JUST_SV, NULL, 0
837 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
838 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
839 if (strBEGINs(hvname, "CORE")
841 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
847 else candidate = *gvp;
850 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
851 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
852 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
854 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
855 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
856 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
858 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
859 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
860 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
861 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
862 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
863 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
869 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
870 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
871 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
874 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
875 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
876 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
877 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
878 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
879 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
880 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
886 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
887 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
888 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
895 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
897 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
898 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
902 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
904 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
907 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
909 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
910 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
916 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
920 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
921 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
924 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
928 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
930 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
931 instead of a string/length pair.
937 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
939 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
940 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
944 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
946 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
947 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
949 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
950 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
951 of the result may be zero.
953 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
959 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
961 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
963 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
970 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
971 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
973 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
976 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
978 /* Have an autoload */
979 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
980 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
981 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
982 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
991 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
993 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
994 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
995 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
998 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
999 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
1000 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
1001 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
1002 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
1004 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
1005 as a prefix of the method name. Note
1006 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
1007 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
1008 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
1009 created as a side effect to do this.
1011 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
1012 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
1013 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
1019 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
1021 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
1023 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
1027 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
1031 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
1032 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1035 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1039 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1041 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1042 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1046 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1048 const char * const origname = name;
1049 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1050 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1053 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1054 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1055 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1056 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1058 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1060 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1063 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1064 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1065 the error reporting code. */
1069 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1070 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1073 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1074 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1075 * if none was found.
1077 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1080 const char *name_cursor = name;
1081 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1082 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1083 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1084 last_separator = name_cursor;
1085 name = name_cursor + 1;
1087 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1088 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1089 name = name_cursor + 1;
1094 /* did we find a separator? */
1095 if (last_separator) {
1096 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1097 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1098 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1099 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1101 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1102 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1104 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1105 strBEGINs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1106 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1107 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1108 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1111 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1112 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1117 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1119 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1120 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1121 import/unimport subroutine */
1122 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport")) {
1123 gv = (GV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)newCONSTSUB_flags(NULL,
1125 } else if (autoload)
1126 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1127 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1129 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1130 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1133 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1134 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1135 * require it first instead of croaking */
1136 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1137 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1138 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1139 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1140 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1142 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1143 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1148 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1149 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1150 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1151 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1156 if (last_separator) {
1157 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1158 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1160 packnamesv = error_report;
1164 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1165 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1166 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1167 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1168 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1172 else if (autoload) {
1173 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1174 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1178 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1182 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1185 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1186 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1187 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1188 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1198 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1202 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1203 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1206 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1210 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1212 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1213 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1217 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1224 SV *packname = NULL;
1225 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1227 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1229 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1232 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1233 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1234 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1235 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1236 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1240 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1241 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1243 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1244 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1248 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1252 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods no longer works
1255 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1256 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1258 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1259 "::%" UTF8f "() is no longer allowed",
1261 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1264 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1265 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1266 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1268 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1269 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1270 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1271 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1272 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1275 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1276 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1277 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1278 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1279 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1280 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1281 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1283 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1284 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1286 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1287 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1288 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1290 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1293 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1294 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1295 SvCUR_set(tmpsv, SvCUR(tmpsv) + 1); /* include null in string */
1297 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1299 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1300 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1302 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1303 SvLEN_set(cv, SvCUR(cv) + 1);
1304 SvCUR_set(cv, ulen);
1307 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1311 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1317 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1318 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1319 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1320 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1322 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1323 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1327 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1328 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1329 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1333 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1334 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1335 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1336 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1337 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1338 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1339 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1342 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1350 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1351 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1352 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1353 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1355 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1356 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1357 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1358 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1359 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1360 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1363 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1364 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1366 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1368 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1370 /* If it is not tied */
1371 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1373 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1379 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1382 #define GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC \
1383 ( (gvp = (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)) \
1385 && ( (isGV(*gvp) && GvCV(*gvp)) \
1386 || (SvROK(*gvp) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*gvp)) == SVt_PVCV) ) \
1389 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1390 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1391 || ! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1393 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1394 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1397 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1398 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1399 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1401 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1402 type, varname, name);
1403 else if (! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1404 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1405 type, varname, name);
1407 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1408 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp);
1412 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1418 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1419 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1420 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1422 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1423 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1426 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1428 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1429 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1435 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1437 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1438 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1442 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1444 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1445 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1446 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1447 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1448 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1451 Flags may be one of:
1460 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1462 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1463 recommended for performance reasons.
1465 =for apidoc Amnh||GV_ADD
1466 =for apidoc Amnh||GV_NOADD_NOINIT
1467 =for apidoc Amnh||GV_NOINIT
1468 =for apidoc Amnh||GV_NOEXPAND
1469 =for apidoc Amnh||GV_ADDMG
1470 =for apidoc Amnh||SVf_UTF8
1476 gv_stashpvn_internal
1478 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1479 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1483 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1484 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1490 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1492 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1494 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1497 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1498 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1499 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1500 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1501 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1502 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1504 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1506 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1507 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1509 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1510 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1512 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1513 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1514 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1515 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1516 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1522 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1524 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1525 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1527 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1529 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1531 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1535 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1536 assert(namesv || name)
1539 Perl_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1544 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1546 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1547 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1548 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1555 hv = INT2PTR(HV*, SvIVX(sv));
1556 assert(SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV);
1559 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1562 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1564 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1566 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1568 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1571 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1573 if (stash && namelen) {
1574 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1575 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1576 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1583 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1585 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1586 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1590 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1592 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1595 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1602 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1604 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1605 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1610 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1611 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1612 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1616 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1618 const char * const nambeg =
1619 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1620 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1621 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1624 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1625 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1629 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1633 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1637 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1638 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1640 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1641 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1643 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1644 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1645 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1646 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1648 char *tmpfullbuf = NULL; /* only malloc one big chunk of memory when the smallbuff is not large enough */
1649 const char *name_cursor;
1650 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1651 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1652 char smallbuf[64]; /* small buffer to avoid a malloc when possible */
1654 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1658 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1660 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1664 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1665 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1666 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1667 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1670 *stash = PL_defstash;
1671 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1674 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1675 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1678 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1682 else { /* using ' for package separator */
1683 /* use our pre-allocated buffer when possible to save a malloc */
1685 if ( *len+2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
1688 /* only malloc once if needed */
1689 if (tmpfullbuf == NULL) /* only malloc&free once, a little more than needed */
1690 Newx(tmpfullbuf, full_len+2, char);
1691 tmpbuf = tmpfullbuf;
1693 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1694 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1695 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1698 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1699 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1700 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1703 /* here we know that *gv && *gv != &PL_sv_undef */
1704 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1705 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1709 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1710 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1711 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1712 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1713 && strBEGINs(*name, "CORE"))
1714 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1717 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1719 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1720 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1721 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1722 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1725 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1726 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1729 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1731 *name = name_cursor+1;
1732 if (*name == name_end) {
1734 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1735 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
1736 gv_init_pvn(*gv, PL_defstash, "main::", 6,
1739 MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(PL_defstash));
1746 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1748 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1751 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1756 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1757 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1758 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1760 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1762 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1763 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1764 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1765 * like INC or STDOUT.
1773 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1774 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1775 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1779 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1784 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1785 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1789 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1790 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1791 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1795 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1796 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1802 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1810 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1811 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1812 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1814 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1815 * which might happen during global destruction.
1817 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1818 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1819 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1820 const svtype sv_type)
1822 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1824 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1826 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1827 *stash = PL_defstash;
1830 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1831 *stash = PL_curstash;
1832 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1833 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1834 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1835 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1836 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1837 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1838 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1840 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1841 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1842 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1846 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1847 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1848 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1850 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1852 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1853 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1854 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1855 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1856 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1859 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1860 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1861 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1868 /* Use the current op's stash */
1869 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1874 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1876 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1877 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1878 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1879 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1880 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1881 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1882 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1883 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1884 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1885 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1886 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1887 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1888 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1889 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1890 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1891 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1893 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1895 /* symbol table under destruction */
1904 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1910 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1911 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1913 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1914 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1916 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1918 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1919 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1920 * to work (like %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1923 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1924 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1926 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1927 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1928 const svtype sv_type)
1932 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1934 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1935 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1936 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1937 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1942 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1943 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1944 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1945 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1946 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1951 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1952 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1955 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1959 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1960 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1965 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1974 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1975 /* Avoid null warning: */
1976 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1977 if (strBEGINs(stashname, "CORE"))
1978 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1985 /* Nothing else to do.
1986 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1987 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1988 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1989 platforms, we can't just do:
1990 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1991 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1992 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1993 would make them larger than 'V')
2000 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
2001 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
2003 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
2009 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
2010 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
2011 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
2012 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
2013 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
2018 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
2019 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2023 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
2026 if (!PL_psig_name) {
2027 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
2028 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
2029 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
2031 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
2032 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
2033 use didn't clean up fully because
2034 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
2035 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
2036 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
2037 interpreter structure that something else will crash
2038 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
2039 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
2040 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
2041 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
2045 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
2046 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
2047 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
2049 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
2054 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
2057 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
2058 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
2060 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
2061 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
2062 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2063 const Size_t n = *name;
2065 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2068 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2070 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
2071 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
2072 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2075 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
2076 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2079 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2080 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2083 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2084 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2087 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2088 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2089 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2093 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2094 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2097 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2098 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2099 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2102 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2103 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2108 if (memEQs(name, len, "\023AFE_LOCALES"))
2111 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2112 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2115 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2116 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2118 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2120 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2123 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2124 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2127 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2141 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2144 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2146 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2147 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2153 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2154 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2157 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2160 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2163 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2165 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2167 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2168 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2169 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2170 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2172 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2176 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2177 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2190 paren = *name - '0';
2193 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2194 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2195 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2199 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2203 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2204 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2210 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2212 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2214 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2215 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2216 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2219 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2220 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2221 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2223 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2225 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2228 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2229 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2232 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2233 const Size_t n = *name;
2235 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2241 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2242 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30 */
2243 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "$%c is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30", *name);
2245 case '\010': /* $^H */
2247 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2248 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2251 case '\023': /* $^S */
2253 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2270 case '\001': /* $^A */
2271 case '\003': /* $^C */
2272 case '\004': /* $^D */
2273 case '\005': /* $^E */
2274 case '\006': /* $^F */
2275 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2276 case '\016': /* $^N */
2277 case '\017': /* $^O */
2278 case '\020': /* $^P */
2279 case '\024': /* $^T */
2280 case '\027': /* $^W */
2282 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2285 case '\014': /* $^L */
2286 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2289 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2293 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2294 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2295 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2296 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2297 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2301 case '\026': /* $^V */
2303 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2304 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2305 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2311 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2317 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2318 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2320 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2325 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2326 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2327 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2329 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2330 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2331 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2332 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2335 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2336 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2338 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2340 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2342 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2343 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2344 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2345 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2346 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2347 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30 */
2348 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "$%c is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30", *name);
2351 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2353 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2355 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2359 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2363 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2372 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2373 const svtype sv_type)
2375 const char *name = nambeg;
2380 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2381 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2382 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2383 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2384 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2385 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2388 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2390 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2391 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2392 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2393 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2395 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2398 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2399 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2405 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2409 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2410 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2411 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2412 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0); /* tentatively */
2415 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2416 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2419 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2420 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2421 * anything else with it before that.
2424 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2425 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2426 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2427 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2428 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2429 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2430 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2433 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2434 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2435 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2436 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2437 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2438 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2439 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2441 else if (sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2442 && memEQs(name, len, "ISA")
2443 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2444 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2447 } else if (no_init) {
2451 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2452 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2453 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2454 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2457 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2462 /* Adding a new symbol.
2463 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2464 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2466 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2467 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2469 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2471 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2472 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2473 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2474 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2475 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2478 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2479 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2484 /* set up magic where warranted */
2485 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2488 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2489 * stored in the symtab.
2490 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2491 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2493 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2497 /* The temporary GV created above */
2498 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2502 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2507 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2510 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2514 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2516 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2517 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2518 if (keepmain || ! memBEGINs(name, len, "main")) {
2519 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2523 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2524 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2528 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2530 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2532 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2534 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2538 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2539 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2543 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2547 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2552 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2554 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2556 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2557 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2558 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2561 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2562 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2564 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2565 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2567 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2569 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2571 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2573 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2574 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2575 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2576 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2580 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2581 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2584 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2586 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2588 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2589 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2591 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2592 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2593 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2594 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2595 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2598 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2603 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2605 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2606 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2608 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2609 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2614 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2617 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2624 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2625 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2626 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2627 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2636 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2641 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2643 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2644 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2645 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2646 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2649 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2651 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2659 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2661 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2662 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2663 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2664 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2665 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2666 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2667 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2669 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2678 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2682 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2683 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2684 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2685 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2686 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2687 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2688 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2689 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2690 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2694 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2695 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2696 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2697 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2698 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2699 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2700 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2701 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2702 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2703 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2708 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2711 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2717 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2719 if (--attempts == 0) {
2721 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2722 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2727 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2728 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2734 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2736 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2737 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2739 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2741 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2743 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2744 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2746 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2747 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2754 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2756 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2757 * 0 if there is no overload
2758 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2762 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2764 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2766 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2769 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2771 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2773 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2774 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2775 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2777 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2780 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2783 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2784 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2790 bool deref_seen = 0;
2793 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2795 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2796 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2797 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2802 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2805 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2807 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2810 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2811 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2812 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2813 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2814 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2815 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2822 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2823 /* initially assume the worst */
2824 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2826 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2827 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2828 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2829 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2830 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2832 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2833 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2834 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2835 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2836 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2837 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2838 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2839 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2840 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2841 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2843 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2844 const HEK * const gvhek = CvGvNAME_HEK(cv);
2845 const HEK * const stashek =
2846 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2847 if (memEQs(HEK_KEY(gvhek), HEK_LEN(gvhek), "nil")
2849 && memEQs(HEK_KEY(stashek), HEK_LEN(stashek), "overload")) {
2850 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2851 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2852 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2854 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2856 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2857 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2858 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2859 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2860 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2862 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2867 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2869 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2870 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2871 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2872 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2873 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2874 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2882 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2884 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2885 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2886 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2888 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2889 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2892 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2908 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2909 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2910 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2911 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2914 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2915 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2916 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2920 /* Here we have no table: */
2922 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2923 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2924 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2930 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2935 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2937 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2940 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2941 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2943 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2946 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2948 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2951 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2952 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2954 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2955 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2956 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2957 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2958 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2959 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2960 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2961 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2973 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2974 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2976 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2980 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2983 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2987 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2988 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2989 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2991 /* where the op is of the form:
2992 * $lex = $x op $y (where the assign is optimised away)
2993 * then assign the returned value to targ and return that;
2994 * otherwise return the value directly
2996 if ( (PL_opargs[PL_op->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
2997 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY))
3000 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
3010 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
3016 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
3017 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
3020 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
3021 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
3025 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
3027 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
3028 SV* const right = TOPs;
3034 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
3036 /* STACKED implies mutator variant, e.g. $x += 1 */
3037 bool mutator = (flags & AMGf_assign) && (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED);
3039 tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
3040 (mutator ? AMGf_assign: 0)
3041 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
3044 /* where the op is one of the two forms:
3046 * $lex = $x op $y (where the assign is optimised away)
3047 * then assign the returned value to targ and return that;
3048 * otherwise return the value directly
3051 || ( (PL_opargs[PL_op->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
3052 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)))
3055 TARG = mutator ? *SP : PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ);
3056 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
3067 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
3068 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
3070 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
3073 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
3074 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3076 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3079 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3081 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3083 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3089 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3093 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3097 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3098 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3099 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3100 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3103 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3104 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3106 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3107 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3108 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3115 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3119 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3121 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3123 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3125 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3126 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3128 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3129 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3130 * masked by overloading.pm */
3132 const int offset = method / 8;
3133 const int bit = method % 8;
3134 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3136 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3137 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3144 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3148 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3149 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3150 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3151 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3152 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3153 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3154 int use_default_op = 0;
3155 int force_scalar = 0;
3161 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3163 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3164 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3167 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3168 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3169 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3170 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3171 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3173 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3174 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3180 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3181 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3183 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3186 /* look for substituted methods */
3187 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3191 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3192 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3193 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3198 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3199 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3200 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3204 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3207 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3210 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3213 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3214 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3215 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3222 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3225 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3226 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3228 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3229 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3231 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3232 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3233 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3234 delegate to the stash. */
3235 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3241 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3242 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3243 SV* const nullsv=&PL_sv_zero;
3245 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3246 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3247 logic = SvTRUE_NN(lessp);
3249 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3250 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3251 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3254 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3265 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3272 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3273 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3276 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3284 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3289 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3290 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3291 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3292 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3293 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3294 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3296 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3299 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3300 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3301 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3302 /* We look for substitution for
3303 * comparison operations and
3305 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3306 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3307 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3329 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3333 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3343 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3351 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3353 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3354 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3355 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3356 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3357 } else if ((use_default_op =
3358 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3359 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3361 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3365 if (off==-1) off=method;
3366 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3367 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3368 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3369 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3371 "in overloaded package ":
3372 "has no overloaded magic",
3374 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3377 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3380 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3382 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3383 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3384 if (use_default_op) {
3385 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3387 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3391 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3396 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3397 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3398 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3399 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3405 if (off == subtr_amg)
3408 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3409 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3410 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3411 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3431 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3435 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3436 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3437 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3445 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3446 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3447 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3457 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3458 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3460 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3462 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3463 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3464 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3465 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3466 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3467 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3468 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3469 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3472 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3473 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3474 * version of copy operator
3476 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3477 * a) Assignment form was called.
3478 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3479 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3480 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3481 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3482 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3484 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3485 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3487 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3488 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3491 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3492 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3494 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3495 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3498 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3499 * information by hand */
3500 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3502 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3503 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3505 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3513 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3515 /* for multiconcat, we may call overload several times,
3516 * with the context of individual concats being scalar,
3517 * regardless of the overall context of the multiconcat op
3519 U8 gimme = (force_scalar || PL_op->op_type == OP_MULTICONCAT)
3520 ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3523 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3524 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3525 myop.op_next = NULL;
3526 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3530 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3533 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3534 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3539 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3543 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3546 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3547 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3548 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3549 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3551 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3552 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3553 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3554 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3556 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3557 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3559 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3560 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3561 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3563 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3567 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3571 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3575 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3576 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3579 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3582 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3583 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3584 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3586 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3597 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3604 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3607 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3610 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3613 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3616 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3619 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3622 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3624 ans=!SvTRUE_NN(res); break;
3629 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3631 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3633 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3641 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3645 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3648 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3650 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3651 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3654 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3655 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3659 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3661 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3662 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3663 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3664 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3665 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3666 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3667 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3669 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3671 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3672 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3673 more compactly represents the same thing.
3679 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3685 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3687 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3689 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3691 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3692 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3693 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3694 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3695 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3696 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3698 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3700 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3702 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3703 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3705 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3706 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3712 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3713 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3714 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3715 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3716 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3717 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3718 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3719 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3720 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3722 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3723 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3727 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3729 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3730 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3731 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3732 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3737 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3739 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3741 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3742 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3743 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3744 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3745 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3746 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3747 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3750 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3756 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3759 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3764 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: