4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
80 Initial Release: 11/March/97
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
83 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 =item Perl in Magazines
157 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
159 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
161 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
163 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
214 =item What is undump?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
220 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
222 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
224 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
226 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
228 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
230 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
232 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
234 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
236 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
238 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
240 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
242 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
243 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
245 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
248 =item What's MakeMaker?
252 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
254 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
263 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
264 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
266 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
268 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
271 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
273 =item How do I multiply matrices?
275 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
277 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
279 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
287 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
289 =item How can I compare two date strings?
291 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
293 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
295 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
303 =item How do I validate input?
305 =item How do I unescape a string?
307 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
309 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
311 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
313 =item How do I reverse a string?
315 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
317 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
319 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
321 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
323 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
326 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
328 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
329 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
331 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
333 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
335 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
337 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
339 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
341 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
343 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
344 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
353 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
355 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
357 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
358 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
359 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
360 contains only small positive integers:
362 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
364 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
365 intersection of two arrays?
367 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
369 =item How do I handle linked lists?
371 =item How do I handle circular lists?
373 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
375 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
377 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
379 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
381 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
383 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
385 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
389 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
393 =item How do I process an entire hash?
395 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
398 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
400 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
402 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
404 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
406 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
408 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
410 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
412 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
414 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
416 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
418 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
421 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
422 array of hashes or arrays?
424 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
432 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
434 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
436 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
438 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
440 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
442 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
448 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
455 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
457 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
458 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
460 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
462 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
464 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
466 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
467 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
469 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
471 =item How can I write() into a string?
473 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
475 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
477 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
479 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
481 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
483 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
485 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
487 =item How can I lock a file?
489 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
491 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
492 the file. How can I do this?
494 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
496 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
498 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
500 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
502 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
504 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
506 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
508 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
510 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
512 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
514 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
516 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
518 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
519 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
521 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
523 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
524 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
526 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
532 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
538 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
539 and unmaintainable code?
541 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
544 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
546 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
549 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
551 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
554 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
556 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
558 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
560 =item What is C</o> really for?
562 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
565 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
567 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
569 =item How do I process each word on each line?
571 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
573 =item How can I do approximate matching?
575 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
577 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
579 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
581 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
583 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
585 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
587 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
591 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
593 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
594 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
600 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
602 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
605 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
608 =item How do I skip some return values?
610 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
612 =item What's an extension?
614 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
616 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
618 =item How do I create a module?
620 =item How do I create a class?
622 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
624 =item What's a closure?
626 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
628 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
631 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
634 =item How do I create a static variable?
636 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
637 Between local() and my()?
639 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
642 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
644 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
646 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
648 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
650 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
652 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
654 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
656 =item How can I find out my current package?
658 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
664 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
671 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
673 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
675 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
677 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
679 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
681 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
683 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
685 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
687 =item How do I start a process in the background?
689 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
691 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
693 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
695 =item How do I set the time and date?
697 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
699 =item How can I measure time under a second?
701 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
703 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
704 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
706 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
708 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
710 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
712 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
714 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
716 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
718 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
720 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
722 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
724 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
727 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
729 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
731 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
733 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
736 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
737 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
738 changes to be visible?
742 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
745 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
747 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
749 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
751 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
753 =item How do I set CPU limits?
755 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
757 =item How do I use an SQL database?
759 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
761 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
763 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
765 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
767 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
770 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
774 =item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
776 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
778 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:29
785 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
788 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
790 =item How do I extract URLs?
792 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
793 file on another machine?
795 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
797 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
799 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
801 =item How do I redirect to another page?
803 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
805 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
807 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
808 CGI script to do bad things?
810 =item How do I parse an email header?
812 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
814 =item How do I check a valid email address?
816 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
818 =item How do I return the user's email address?
820 =item How do I send/read mail?
822 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
824 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
826 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
828 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
832 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
834 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
838 =item Supported Environments
844 =item List assignment to %ENV works
846 =item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC
848 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
850 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
852 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
854 =item More precise warnings
856 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
858 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
860 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
862 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
864 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
866 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
868 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
870 =item Changes to tainting checks
872 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
873 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
875 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
877 =item Embedding improvements
879 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
881 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
883 =item New and changed syntax
887 =item New and changed builtin constants
891 =item New and changed builtin variables
895 =item New and changed builtin functions
897 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
898 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
899 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
900 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
901 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
903 =item New builtin methods
905 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
907 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
909 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
910 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
912 =item Malloc enhancements
914 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
916 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
920 =item Support for More Operating Systems
936 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
937 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
943 =item Required Updates
945 =item Installation directories
947 =item Module information summary
961 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
965 =item Utility Changes
971 Sends converted HTML to standard output
975 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
979 =item C Language API Changes
981 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
984 =item Documentation Changes
986 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
987 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
989 =item New Diagnostics
991 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
992 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
993 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
994 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
995 Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s
996 ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s'
997 in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s
998 undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting
999 pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage
1000 return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number,
1001 Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid
1002 conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack:
1003 '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
1004 formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
1005 request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw()
1006 list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s}
1007 better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s'
1008 overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie
1009 attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s,
1010 Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is
1011 deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may
1012 be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's
1013 wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from
1014 DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process
1023 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1029 =item Variable names
1035 =item Scalar value constructors
1037 =item List value constructors
1039 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1043 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1051 =item Simple statements
1053 =item Compound statements
1061 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1065 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1067 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1071 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1079 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1081 =item The Arrow Operator
1083 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1085 =item Exponentiation
1087 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1089 =item Binding Operators
1091 =item Multiplicative Operators
1093 =item Additive Operators
1095 =item Shift Operators
1097 =item Named Unary Operators
1099 =item Relational Operators
1101 =item Equality Operators
1105 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1107 =item C-style Logical And
1109 =item C-style Logical Or
1111 =item Range Operator
1113 =item Conditional Operator
1115 =item Assignment Operators
1117 =item Comma Operator
1119 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1125 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1127 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1129 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1131 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1133 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1135 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1136 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1137 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1138 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1142 =item Constant Folding
1144 =item Integer Arithmetic
1146 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1150 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1158 =item Regular Expressions
1160 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1164 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1166 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1172 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1180 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1182 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1186 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1187 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1188 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1189 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1190 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1191 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1197 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
1198 (specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1200 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1204 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1208 =item Perl Functions by Category
1210 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1211 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1212 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1213 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1214 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1215 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1216 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1217 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1218 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1219 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1222 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1224 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1225 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1226 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1227 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1228 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1229 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1230 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1231 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1232 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1233 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1234 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1235 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
1236 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1237 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
1238 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1239 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1240 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
1241 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
1242 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
1243 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
1244 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
1245 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
1246 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
1247 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
1248 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
1249 EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
1250 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
1251 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
1252 FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
1253 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
1254 oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1255 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1256 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1257 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1258 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1259 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1260 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1261 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1262 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1263 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1264 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1265 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1266 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1267 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1268 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1269 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1270 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1271 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1272 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1273 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1274 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1275 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1276 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1277 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1278 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1279 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1280 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1281 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1282 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
1283 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
1284 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1285 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1286 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1287 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1288 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1289 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1290 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1294 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1300 =item Predefined Names
1302 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1303 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1304 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1305 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1306 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1307 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1308 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1309 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1310 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1311 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1312 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1313 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1314 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1315 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1316 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1317 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1318 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1319 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1320 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1321 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1325 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1333 =item Private Variables via my()
1335 =item Temporary Values via local()
1337 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1339 =item Pass by Reference
1343 =item Constant Functions
1345 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1353 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1363 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1373 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1377 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1381 =item Pragmatic Modules
1383 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
1384 lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1386 =item Standard Modules
1388 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1389 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1390 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1391 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1392 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1393 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1394 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1395 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1396 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1397 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1398 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File,
1399 Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode,
1400 Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
1401 Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
1402 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
1403 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
1404 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
1405 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1407 =item Extension Modules
1413 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1414 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1415 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1416 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1417 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1418 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1419 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1420 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1421 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1422 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1423 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1424 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1425 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1428 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1432 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1434 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1435 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1436 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1437 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1438 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1439 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1440 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1441 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1442 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1443 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1444 care when changing a released module
1446 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1448 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1449 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1450 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1451 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1453 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1455 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1456 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1457 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1458 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1459 can then be reduced to a small
1465 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1471 =item Format Variables
1481 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1487 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1492 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1498 =item The use locale pragma
1500 =item The setlocale function
1502 =item The localeconv function
1506 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1510 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1512 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1514 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1516 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1520 =item Other categories
1526 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1527 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1528 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1529 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1530 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1531 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1532 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1533 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1534 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1539 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1546 =item Backward compatibility
1548 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1550 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1552 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1554 =item Freely available locale definitions
1558 =item An imperfect standard
1566 =item Broken systems
1574 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1580 =item Symbolic references
1582 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1590 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1594 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1595 more elaborate constructs
1599 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1601 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1603 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1609 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1613 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1615 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1617 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1621 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1625 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1627 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1629 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1633 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1637 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1639 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1641 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1645 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1649 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1651 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1653 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1657 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1661 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1663 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1665 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1675 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1679 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1681 =item Growing Your Own
1683 =item Access and Printing
1691 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1695 =item Creating a Class
1699 =item Object Representation
1701 =item Class Interface
1703 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1705 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1709 =item Other Object Methods
1717 =item Accessing Class Data
1719 =item Debugging Methods
1721 =item Class Destructors
1723 =item Documenting the Interface
1733 =item Overridden Methods
1735 =item Multiple Inheritance
1737 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1741 =item Alternate Object Representations
1745 =item Arrays as Objects
1747 =item Closures as Objects
1751 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1755 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1757 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1761 =item Metaclassical Tools
1767 =item Data Members as Variables
1771 =item Object Terminology
1781 =item Acknowledgments
1785 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1791 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1793 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1795 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1797 =item Method Invocation
1799 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1801 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1809 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1815 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1825 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1829 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1834 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1835 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1836 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1838 =item Tying FileHandles
1840 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
1841 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
1843 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1853 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1857 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1859 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1861 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1863 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1865 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1867 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1869 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1871 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1873 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1875 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1879 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1880 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1888 =item Using open() for IPC
1894 =item Background Processes
1896 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1898 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1900 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1904 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1908 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1910 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1914 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1918 =item A Simple Client
1920 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1922 =item A Webget Client
1924 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1928 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1930 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1932 =item UDP: Message Passing
1944 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1948 =item The Perl Debugger
1952 =item Debugger Commands
1954 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1955 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1956 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1957 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1958 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1959 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1960 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1961 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1962 C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>,
1963 C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
1964 C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>,
1965 C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command,
1966 E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, !
1967 -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, =
1968 [alias value], command, m expr, m package
1970 =item Debugger input/output
1972 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1974 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1976 =item Debugger Customization
1978 =item Readline Support
1980 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1982 =item The Perl Profiler
1984 =item Debugger support in perl
1986 =item Debugger Internals
1988 =item Other resources
1994 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1998 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2004 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2006 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2008 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2012 =item Protecting Your Programs
2016 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2032 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2034 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2035 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2036 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2037 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2039 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2041 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2042 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2043 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2047 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2049 =item Numerical Traps
2051 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2053 =item General data type traps
2055 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
2056 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2058 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2060 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2062 =item Precedence Traps
2064 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2067 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2069 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2070 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2071 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
2073 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2075 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2081 =item Interpolation Traps
2083 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2084 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2090 =item Unclassified Traps
2096 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2100 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2104 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2106 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2112 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2116 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2124 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2125 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2129 =item Compiling your C program
2131 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2133 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2135 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2137 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2139 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2141 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2143 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2145 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2150 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
2158 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2164 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2165 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2166 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2167 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2168 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2169 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2170 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2171 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2172 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2173 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2177 =item Co-existence with stdio
2179 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2180 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2181 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2182 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2183 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2184 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2188 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2198 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2200 =item The Argument Stack
2202 =item The RETVAL Variable
2204 =item The MODULE Keyword
2206 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2208 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2210 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2212 =item The CODE: Keyword
2214 =item The INIT: Keyword
2216 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2218 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2220 =item Default Parameter Values
2222 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2224 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2226 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2228 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2230 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2232 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2234 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2236 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2238 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2240 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2242 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2244 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2246 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2248 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2250 =item The CASE: Keyword
2252 =item The & Unary Operator
2254 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2256 =item Using XS With C++
2258 =item Interface Strategy
2260 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2272 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2278 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2280 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2286 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2288 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2292 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2294 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2296 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2298 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2304 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2306 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2308 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2310 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2312 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2314 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2324 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2334 =item What is an "IV"?
2336 =item Working with SVs
2338 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2340 =item Working with AVs
2342 =item Working with HVs
2344 =item Hash API Extensions
2348 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2350 =item Creating New Variables
2352 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2354 =item Stashes and Globs
2356 =item Double-Typed SVs
2358 =item Magic Variables
2360 =item Assigning Magic
2362 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2366 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
2374 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2376 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2378 =item Memory Allocation
2382 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2386 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2396 =item Examining the tree
2398 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2400 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2402 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2404 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2410 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2411 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2412 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2413 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2414 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2415 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2416 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2417 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2418 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2419 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2420 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2421 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2422 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2423 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2424 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2425 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2426 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
2427 perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2428 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2429 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2430 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2431 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2432 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2433 sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2434 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2435 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2436 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2437 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2438 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2439 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2440 sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2441 sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG,
2442 SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref,
2443 sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2444 XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2445 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2446 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2453 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2457 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2459 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2461 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2481 =item Determining the Context
2485 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2491 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2493 =item Passing Parameters
2495 =item Returning a Scalar
2497 =item Returning a list of values
2499 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2501 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2505 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2507 =item Using perl_call_sv
2509 =item Using perl_call_argv
2511 =item Using perl_call_method
2515 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2517 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2519 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2520 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2523 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2525 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2535 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2537 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2551 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2561 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2569 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2577 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2586 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2588 =item The I<splain> Program
2600 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2607 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2613 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2621 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2623 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2625 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2633 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2640 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2648 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2652 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2658 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2660 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2662 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2664 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2666 =item Overloadable Operations
2668 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2669 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2670 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2672 =item Inheritance and overloading
2674 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2675 is inherited by derived classes
2679 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2687 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2689 =item Copy Constructor
2695 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2697 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2698 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2699 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2703 =item Run-time Overloading
2705 =item Public functions
2707 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2709 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2717 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2727 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2729 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2733 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2737 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2743 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2749 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2751 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2757 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2763 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2765 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2773 =item DBM Comparisons
2781 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2789 =item Subroutine Stubs
2791 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2793 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2795 =item Package Lexicals
2797 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2805 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2815 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2827 =item Standard Exports
2829 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2830 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2831 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2833 =item Optional Exports
2835 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2847 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2849 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2859 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2871 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2873 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2875 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2877 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2879 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2881 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2883 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2885 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2887 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2889 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2891 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2893 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2895 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2897 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2899 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2901 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2903 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2905 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2907 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2911 =item CREATING FORMS
2915 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2917 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2919 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2921 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2925 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2927 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2929 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2933 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2935 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2939 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2943 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2947 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2951 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2955 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2957 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2959 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2963 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2965 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2967 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2969 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2973 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2975 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2976 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2978 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2980 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2981 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2984 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
2990 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2994 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2996 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2997 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2998 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
2999 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
3000 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
3003 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
3007 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
3009 =item Generating new HTML tags
3013 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
3015 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
3018 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3020 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
3021 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
3022 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3024 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3028 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3029 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3030 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3031 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3032 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3033 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3034 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3035 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3036 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3037 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3038 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
3040 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3046 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3060 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3067 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3069 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3077 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3083 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3085 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3087 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3089 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3093 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3099 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3105 =item USING CGI::Push
3107 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3109 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3113 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3119 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3130 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3138 =item Interactive Mode
3140 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3141 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3150 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3152 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3154 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3164 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3170 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3171 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3172 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3185 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3191 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3200 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3206 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3214 =item The C<struct()> function
3216 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3218 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3219 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3225 Example 1, Example 2
3227 =item Author and Modification History
3229 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3235 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3243 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3249 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3255 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3259 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3261 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3263 =item Default Parameters
3265 =item In Memory Databases
3273 =item A Simple Example
3281 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3283 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3285 =item The get_dup() Method
3287 =item Matching Partial Keys
3295 =item The 'bval' Option
3297 =item A Simple Example
3301 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3302 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3304 =item Another Example
3308 =item THE API INTERFACE
3310 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3311 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3312 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3313 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3315 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3319 =item Locking Databases
3321 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3323 =item The untie() Gotcha
3327 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3331 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3333 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3335 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3337 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3351 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3357 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3363 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3369 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3370 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3371 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3372 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3377 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3384 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3392 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3400 =item Selecting What To Export
3402 =item Specialised Import Lists
3404 =item Module Version Checking
3406 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3408 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3412 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3419 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3420 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3421 directory.., test_f file
3429 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3439 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3440 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3448 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3454 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3460 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3466 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3476 =item VMS implementation
3478 =item Win32 implementation
3484 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3491 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3501 =item Preloaded methods
3503 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3505 =item SelfLoaded methods
3507 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3508 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3509 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3510 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3511 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3513 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3515 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3516 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3517 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3518 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3519 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3520 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3521 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3522 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3523 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3524 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3530 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3539 =item Methods always loaded
3541 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3542 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3544 =item SelfLoaded methods
3546 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3547 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3548 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3549 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3550 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3551 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3552 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3553 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3554 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3555 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3556 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3557 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3558 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3559 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3564 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3571 catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o),
3572 canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit
3573 (override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o),
3574 dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3576 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3584 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3586 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3594 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3598 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3600 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3602 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3604 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3606 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3607 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3608 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3609 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3610 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3611 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3612 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3613 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3614 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3615 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3618 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3620 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3623 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3625 =item Hintsfile support
3627 =item Distribution Support
3629 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3630 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3631 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3639 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3649 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3653 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3654 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3660 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3668 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3674 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3681 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3687 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3693 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3701 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3703 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3709 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3713 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3715 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3721 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3731 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3739 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3741 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3749 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
3755 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
3765 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3771 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3781 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3791 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3799 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3805 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3809 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3815 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3825 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3837 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3844 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3848 =item Linkage specification
3850 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3852 =item Non-option call-back routine
3854 =item Option starters
3864 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3866 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3867 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3868 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3869 reset), debug (default: reset)
3871 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3873 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3875 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3882 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3889 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3895 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3903 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3907 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3913 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3921 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3925 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3926 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3927 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3937 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3945 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3949 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3957 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3967 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3979 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3980 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3981 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3989 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
4001 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4008 =item IO::Socket::INET
4012 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4015 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4019 hostpath(), peerpath()
4029 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
4037 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
4041 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
4047 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
4056 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
4060 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
4061 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
4062 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
4072 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
4080 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4084 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4092 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4103 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4116 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4117 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4118 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4126 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4139 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4146 =item IO::Socket::INET
4150 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4153 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4157 hostpath(), peerpath()
4167 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4177 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4186 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4192 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4198 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4204 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4212 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4223 =item STRINGIFICATION
4227 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4233 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4239 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4243 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4245 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4249 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4255 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4261 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4271 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4272 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4280 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4293 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4306 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4317 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4330 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4336 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4346 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4348 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4349 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4351 =item Opcode Functions
4353 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4354 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4355 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4358 =item Manipulating Opsets
4362 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4364 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4365 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4366 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4372 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4379 a new namespace, an operator mask
4385 =item RECENT CHANGES
4387 =item Methods in class Safe
4389 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4390 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4391 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4392 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4394 =item Some Safety Issues
4396 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4402 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4411 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4423 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4424 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4425 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4426 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4427 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4428 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4429 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4430 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4431 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4432 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4433 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4434 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4435 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4436 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4437 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4438 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4439 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4440 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4441 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4442 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4443 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4444 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4445 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4446 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4447 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4448 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4454 =item POSIX::SigAction
4460 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4462 =item POSIX::Termios
4464 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4465 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4466 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4467 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4468 values, c_oflag field values
4472 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4476 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4480 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4538 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4546 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4547 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4559 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4569 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4575 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4581 a new namespace, an operator mask
4587 =item RECENT CHANGES
4589 =item Methods in class Safe
4591 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4592 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4593 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4594 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4596 =item Some Safety Issues
4598 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4604 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4610 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4616 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4624 =item The __DATA__ token
4626 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4628 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4630 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4632 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4634 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4638 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4640 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4648 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4649 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4655 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4656 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4657 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4658 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4659 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4661 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4667 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4675 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4676 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4682 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4683 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4693 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4701 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4707 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4715 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4716 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4722 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4724 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4725 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4727 =item Additional supported functions
4733 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4741 =item The test script output
4749 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4750 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4751 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4760 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4768 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4776 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4789 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4800 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4812 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4818 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4819 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4823 =item MORE INFORMATION
4825 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4839 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4846 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4848 =item MORE INFORMATION
4850 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4858 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4864 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4875 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4886 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4894 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4900 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4903 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4914 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4925 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4927 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4928 don't all have manual pages yet:
4950 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blob