3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
25 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
26 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
27 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
29 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
30 Perl stores its global variables.
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 static const STRLEN S_autolen = sizeof(S_autoload)-1;
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
65 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
68 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
84 *where = newSV_type(type);
89 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
91 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
92 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
96 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
102 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
105 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
106 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
111 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
114 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
115 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
118 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
119 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
121 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
122 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
123 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
125 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
128 if ((PERLDB_LINE || PERLDB_SAVESRC) && !GvAV(gv))
129 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
130 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
136 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
138 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
139 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
140 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
147 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
149 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
151 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
152 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
153 return SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
157 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
162 const char *const file
163 = (PL_curcop && CopFILE(PL_curcop)) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
164 const STRLEN len = strlen(file);
166 SV *const temp_sv = CopFILESV(PL_curcop);
170 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
173 file = SvPVX(temp_sv);
174 len = SvCUR(temp_sv);
181 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
185 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
186 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
189 gp->gp_line = PL_curcop ? CopLINE(PL_curcop) : 0;
190 /* XXX Ideally this cast would be replaced with a change to const char*
192 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
199 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
200 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
203 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
205 GV * const oldgv = CvGV(cv);
206 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
217 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
221 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv = gv;
222 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
227 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
228 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
231 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
235 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
238 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
240 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
241 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
245 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
246 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
252 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
254 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
255 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
256 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by SvSetSV. Converting
257 any scalar that is SvOK() may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
258 for perl's internal use.
260 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
262 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
264 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
265 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
266 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
267 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
268 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
270 C<flags> can be set to SVf_UTF8 if C<name> is a UTF8 string, or
271 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
272 GV_ADDMULTI flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
273 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
277 The old form of gv_init_pvn(). It does not work with UTF8 strings, as it
278 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
279 GV_ADDMULTI flag will be passed to gv_init_pvn().
281 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
283 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
284 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
286 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
288 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
289 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
295 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
299 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
300 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
303 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
307 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
309 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
310 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
314 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
317 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
318 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
319 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
320 ? (SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0), SvPVX(gv))
322 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
323 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
324 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
325 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
327 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
328 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
331 /* The constant has to be a simple scalar type. */
332 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
338 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
339 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
347 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
348 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
350 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
358 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
363 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
366 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
367 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
368 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
369 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
370 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
374 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
375 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
376 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
378 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
379 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
380 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
381 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
382 from a reference to CV. */
383 if (exported_constant)
384 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
386 (void) start_subparse(0,0); /* Create empty CV in compcv. */
392 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv)); /* sub Foo::bar($) { (shift) } sub ASDF::baz($); *ASDF::baz = \&Foo::bar */
394 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
395 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
397 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
398 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
399 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
405 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
407 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
419 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
427 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
428 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
435 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
438 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
439 const char * const name, const STRLEN len,
440 const char * const fullname, STRLEN const fullen)
442 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
443 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
444 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
447 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
448 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
449 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
450 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
454 assert(stash || fullname);
456 if (!fullname && !HvENAME(stash)) return NULL; /* pathological case
458 inlining newATTRSUB */
459 if (code >= 0) return NULL; /* not overridable */
461 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
462 no support for funcs that take labels, as their parsing is
464 case KEY_and: case KEY_cmp: case KEY_CORE: case KEY_dump:
465 case KEY_eq: case KEY_ge:
466 case KEY_gt: case KEY_le: case KEY_lt: case KEY_ne:
467 case KEY_or: case KEY_x: case KEY_xor:
470 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop:
471 case KEY_each: case KEY_eof: case KEY_exec:
480 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
487 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
491 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
492 oldparser = PL_parser;
493 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
494 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
495 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
497 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
501 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
503 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
506 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv));
508 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
510 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
512 (void)gv_fetchfile(file);
513 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
514 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
515 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
516 it this order as we need an op number before calling
518 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
519 if (stash && (fullname || !fullen))
520 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
525 tmpstr = newSVhek(HvENAME_HEK(stash));
526 sv_catpvs(tmpstr, "::");
527 sv_catpvn(tmpstr,name,len);
529 else tmpstr = newSVpvn_share(fullname,fullen,0);
530 newATTRSUB(oldsavestack_ix,
531 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, tmpstr),
536 : newSVpvn(name,len),
540 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv);
541 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR)
542 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
544 PL_parser = oldparser;
545 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
546 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
548 opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
550 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
552 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
557 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
559 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
561 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
563 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
564 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
570 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
574 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
575 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
578 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
582 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
584 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
585 instead of a string/length pair.
591 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
593 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
594 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
598 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
600 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
601 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
602 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
604 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
605 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
606 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
607 up caching info for this glob.
609 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is SVf_UTF8.
611 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
612 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
613 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
614 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
615 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
620 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
623 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
631 GV* candidate = NULL;
635 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
639 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
641 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
643 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
645 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
646 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
652 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
654 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
659 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,hvname) );
661 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
663 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
664 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, create);
669 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
670 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
671 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
672 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
673 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
677 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
678 SvREFCNT_dec(cand_cv);
679 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
684 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
685 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
688 else if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
689 && strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
690 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ stash,topgv,name,len,0,1))
694 packlen = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
695 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(hvname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
698 basestash = gv_stashpvn(hvname, packlen,
699 GV_ADD | (HvNAMEUTF8(stash) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
700 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(basestash);
703 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
706 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
707 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
709 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
711 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
714 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
715 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
717 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
723 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
725 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
726 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
727 if (strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
729 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len,0,0)
735 else candidate = *gvp;
738 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
739 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
740 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
742 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
743 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
744 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
746 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
747 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
748 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
749 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
750 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
751 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
757 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
758 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
759 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(NULL, name, len, 1, flags);
761 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
762 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
763 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
764 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
765 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
766 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
767 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
773 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
774 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
775 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
782 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
784 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
787 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
789 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
790 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
796 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
800 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
801 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
804 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
808 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
810 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
811 instead of a string/length pair.
817 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
819 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
820 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
824 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
826 Same as gv_fetchmeth_pvn(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
827 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
829 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
830 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
831 of the result may be zero.
833 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is SVf_UTF8.
839 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
841 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
843 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
850 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
851 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
853 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
856 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
858 /* Have an autoload */
859 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
860 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
861 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
862 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
871 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
873 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
874 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
875 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
878 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
879 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
880 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
881 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
882 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
884 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
885 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
886 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
887 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
888 created via a side effect to do this.
890 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
891 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
892 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
893 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
899 S_gv_get_super_pkg(pTHX_ const char* name, I32 namelen, U32 flags)
906 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_GET_SUPER_PKG;
908 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, flags);
909 if(stash) return stash;
911 /* If we must create it, give it an @ISA array containing
912 the real package this SUPER is for, so that it's tied
913 into the cache invalidation code correctly */
914 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, GV_ADD | flags);
915 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(stash, "ISA", TRUE);
917 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
918 superisa = GvAVn(gv);
920 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(superisa), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
922 av_push(superisa, newSVpvn_flags(CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop),
923 strlen(CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)),
924 CopSTASH_flags(PL_curcop)
927 av_push(superisa, newSVhek(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)
928 ? HvNAME_HEK(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)) : NULL));
935 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
937 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
939 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
943 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
947 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
948 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
951 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
955 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
957 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
958 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
961 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
964 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
967 register const char *nend;
968 const char *nsplit = NULL;
971 const char * const origname = name;
972 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
973 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
974 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
975 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
977 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
979 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
982 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
983 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
984 the error reporting code. */
987 for (nend = name; *nend || nend != (origname + len); nend++) {
992 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
998 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
999 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1000 SV * const tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1002 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK((HV*)CopSTASH(PL_curcop)))
1004 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
1005 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), SvUTF8(tmpstr));
1006 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1007 origname, HvNAME_get(stash), name) );
1010 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1011 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, is_utf8);
1013 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
1014 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
1015 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
1016 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
1017 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, is_utf8))
1018 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(origname, nsplit - origname, flags);
1023 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1025 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1026 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1028 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1029 ostash, name, nend - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1031 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1032 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1035 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1036 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1037 * require it first instead of croaking */
1038 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1039 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1040 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1041 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1042 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1044 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1045 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1050 "Can't locate object method \"%"SVf
1051 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1052 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, nend - name,
1053 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)),
1054 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1060 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, nsplit - origname,
1061 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1063 packnamesv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(error_report));
1067 "Can't locate object method \"%"SVf"\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1068 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1069 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, nend - name,
1070 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)),
1071 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1075 else if (autoload) {
1076 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1077 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1085 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1088 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1089 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1090 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1091 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1101 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1105 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1106 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1109 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1113 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1115 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1116 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1120 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1128 SV *packname = NULL;
1129 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1131 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1133 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1136 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1137 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1138 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1139 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1140 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1144 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1146 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, is_utf8)))
1150 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1154 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1157 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1158 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1160 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1161 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf"::%"SVf"() is deprecated",
1163 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, len, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)));
1166 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1167 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1168 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1170 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1171 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1172 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1173 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1174 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1177 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1178 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1179 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1180 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1181 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1182 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1183 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1185 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1186 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1188 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1189 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1190 SV *tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1192 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1195 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1196 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1197 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1199 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1201 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1202 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1204 SvREFCNT_dec(tmpsv);
1205 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1209 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1213 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1219 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1220 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1221 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1222 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1224 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1225 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1229 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1230 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1231 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1235 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1236 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1237 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1238 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1239 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1242 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1250 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1251 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1253 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1254 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
1255 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1256 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
1257 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
1258 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1259 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1260 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1263 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
1266 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1268 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1270 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, methpv, FALSE))) {
1271 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
1272 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
1273 so save it. For the moment it's always
1275 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1280 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1281 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1285 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1287 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" is not available",
1288 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv));
1289 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
1290 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
1291 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
1293 SvREFCNT_dec(namesv);
1298 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1300 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1301 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1307 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1309 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1310 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1314 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1316 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1317 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1318 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1319 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1320 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then NULL
1328 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1334 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1336 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1338 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1341 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1342 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1343 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1344 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1345 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1346 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1350 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1351 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1353 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1354 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1356 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1357 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1358 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1359 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1360 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1366 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1368 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See C<gv_stashpvn>.
1374 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1377 const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv,len);
1379 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1381 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, flags | SvUTF8(sv));
1386 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1387 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1388 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1392 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1394 const char * const nambeg =
1395 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1396 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1397 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1401 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1405 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1409 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1414 S_gv_magicalize_overload(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1418 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_OVERLOAD;
1422 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
1426 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
1427 const svtype sv_type)
1430 register const char *name = nambeg;
1431 register GV *gv = NULL;
1434 register const char *name_cursor;
1436 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
1437 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
1438 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
1439 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1440 bool addmg = !!(flags & GV_ADDMG);
1441 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1442 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1445 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
1447 if (flags & GV_NOTQUAL) {
1448 /* Caller promised that there is no stash, so we can skip the check. */
1453 if (full_len > 2 && *name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1454 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1458 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1459 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1460 ((*name_cursor == ':'
1461 && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1462 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1465 stash = PL_defstash;
1466 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1469 len = name_cursor - name;
1470 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1472 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1477 Newx(tmpbuf, len+2, char);
1478 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
1479 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1480 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1483 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, key, is_utf8 ? -len : len, add);
1484 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1485 if (gv && gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1486 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1487 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, key, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1493 if (!gv || gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1496 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
1498 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
1499 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1500 if (GvSTASH(gv) == PL_defstash && len == 6
1501 && strnEQ(name, "CORE", 4))
1502 hv_name_set(stash, "CORE", 4, 0);
1505 stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1507 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1508 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1509 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(gv))->xhv_name_count)
1510 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, gv, 1);
1513 else if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
1514 hv_name_set(stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1517 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1519 name = name_cursor+1;
1520 if (name == name_end)
1522 ? gv : MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1525 len = name_cursor - name;
1527 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1531 if (len && isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
1532 bool global = FALSE;
1540 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1541 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1542 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1546 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1551 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1552 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1556 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1557 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1558 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1562 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1563 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1570 stash = PL_defstash;
1571 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1572 stash = PL_curstash;
1573 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1574 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1575 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1576 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1577 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1578 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1579 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1581 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,0);
1583 *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1584 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1588 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1589 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1590 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1592 SV* namesv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1593 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1595 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1596 "Variable \"%c%"SVf"\" is not imported",
1597 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1598 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1602 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1603 "\t(Did you mean &%"SVf" instead?)\n", SVfARG(namesv)
1610 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1613 stash = PL_defstash;
1616 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
1620 SV * const err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
1621 "Global symbol \"%s%"SVf"\" requires explicit package name",
1622 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1623 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1624 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1625 : ""), SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, len, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)));
1627 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
1630 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1632 /* symbol table under destruction */
1641 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1644 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,add);
1645 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1646 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
1649 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
1650 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
1653 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1656 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
1657 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
1658 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
1660 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1661 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
1662 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1664 if ((sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) && *name == '[')
1665 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1667 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
1668 && strnEQ(name, "ISA", 3)
1669 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
1670 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1673 } else if (no_init) {
1676 } else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
1681 /* Adding a new symbol.
1682 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
1683 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
1685 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
1686 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
1688 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
1690 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
1691 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %"SVf" unexpectedly",
1692 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(nambeg, name_end-nambeg, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8 )));
1693 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1695 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8)
1696 && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
1699 /* set up magic where warranted */
1700 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1701 /* We only have to check for four names here: EXPORT, ISA, OVERLOAD
1702 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1703 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1705 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1708 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1712 if (strEQ(name2, "SA"))
1713 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1716 if (strEQ(name2, "VERLOAD"))
1717 gv_magicalize_overload(gv);
1720 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1726 goto add_magical_gv;
1729 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1730 /* Avoid null warning: */
1731 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1732 if (strnEQ(stashname, "CORE", 4)
1733 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_
1734 addmg ? stash : 0, gv, name, len, nambeg, full_len
1743 /* Nothing else to do.
1744 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1745 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1746 the common case of lower case variable names. */
1750 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1753 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1754 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1756 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1761 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1765 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1766 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1770 if (strEQ(name2, "VERLOAD")) {
1771 gv_magicalize_overload(gv);
1775 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1778 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1779 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1780 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1781 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1783 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1784 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1785 use didn't clean up fully because
1786 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1787 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1788 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1789 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1790 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1791 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1792 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1793 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1797 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1798 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1799 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1801 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1806 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1809 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1810 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1813 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1814 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1817 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1818 if (strEQ(name2, "LOBAL_PHASE"))
1821 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1822 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH"))
1824 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1825 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1828 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1829 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH") || strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH"))
1832 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1833 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1836 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1837 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1839 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1841 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1844 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1845 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1858 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1860 /* This snippet is taken from is_gv_magical */
1861 const char *end = name + len;
1862 while (--end > name) {
1863 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) goto add_magical_gv;
1870 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
1871 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
1877 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
1878 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
1879 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
1880 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
1883 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
1887 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
1891 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
1892 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
1898 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
1900 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1902 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
1903 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1904 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1909 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
1911 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1912 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
1914 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1915 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1917 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1920 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1921 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1927 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
1928 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1929 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1932 sv_setiv(GvSVn(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
1935 case '\010': /* $^H */
1937 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1938 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1942 if (sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
1943 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1944 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1948 case '\023': /* $^S */
1950 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1974 case '\001': /* $^A */
1975 case '\003': /* $^C */
1976 case '\004': /* $^D */
1977 case '\005': /* $^E */
1978 case '\006': /* $^F */
1979 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1980 case '\016': /* $^N */
1981 case '\017': /* $^O */
1982 case '\020': /* $^P */
1983 case '\024': /* $^T */
1984 case '\027': /* $^W */
1986 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1989 case '\014': /* $^L */
1990 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
1991 PL_formfeed = GvSVn(gv);
1994 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
1998 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
1999 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2000 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2001 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2002 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2006 case '\026': /* $^V */
2008 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2009 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2010 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2018 if (GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv) || (
2019 GvSV(gv) && (SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv)))
2021 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2022 else SvREFCNT_dec(gv), gv = NULL;
2024 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2029 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2032 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2034 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2036 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2038 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2039 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2040 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2041 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2045 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2046 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2050 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2052 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2054 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2056 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2060 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ const HV *stash)
2065 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2067 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
2069 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2071 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2074 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
2075 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2077 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
2078 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2080 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2081 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2083 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2084 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2087 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2089 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2091 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2092 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2094 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2095 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2096 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2097 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2098 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2105 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2108 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2110 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"SVf"::_GEN_%ld",
2111 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(pack, strlen(pack),
2117 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2120 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2128 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2129 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2130 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2131 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
2140 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2146 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2148 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2149 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2150 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2151 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2154 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
2155 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2162 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2164 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2165 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2166 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2167 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2168 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2169 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2170 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2172 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2181 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2185 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2186 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2187 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2188 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2189 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek)
2190 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, HEK_KEY(hvname_hek),
2191 (HEK_UTF8(hvname_hek) ? -HEK_LEN(hvname_hek) : HEK_LEN(hvname_hek)),
2199 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2205 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2207 if (--attempts == 0) {
2209 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2210 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2220 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2222 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2223 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2225 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2227 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2229 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2230 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2232 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2233 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2240 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2242 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2243 * 0 if there is no overload
2244 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2248 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2251 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2253 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2256 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2258 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2260 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2261 if (amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
2262 && amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2263 return AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2265 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2268 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2271 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
2272 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2273 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2277 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
2280 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2282 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2283 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2284 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2288 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
2289 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2291 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2294 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2295 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2297 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2299 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
2300 amt.table[i] = NULL;
2301 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2302 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2303 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2304 const char * const cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
2305 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2307 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2308 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2309 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2310 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2311 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2312 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2313 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2314 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2315 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2316 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
2317 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0, 0);
2318 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
2319 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2321 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
2322 if(GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")){
2323 const char * const hvname = HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2324 if (hvname && HEK_LEN(HvNAME_HEK(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)))) == 8
2325 && strEQ(hvname, "overload")) {
2326 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2327 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2328 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2330 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2332 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2333 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2334 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2335 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2336 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2338 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2343 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2345 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2346 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2347 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2348 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2349 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2357 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2360 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2361 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2362 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2364 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
2366 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2367 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2370 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2373 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2375 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
2376 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2377 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2381 /* Here we have no table: */
2383 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2384 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2385 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2391 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2397 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2399 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2402 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2403 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2405 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2408 /* If we're looking up a destructor to invoke, we must avoid
2409 * that Gv_AMupdate croaks, because we might be dying already */
2410 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, cBOOL(id == DESTROY_amg)) == -1) {
2411 /* and if it didn't found a destructor, we fall back
2412 * to a simpler method that will only look for the
2413 * destructor instead of the whole magic */
2414 if (id == DESTROY_amg) {
2415 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, "DESTROY");
2421 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2424 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2425 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
2426 || amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2428 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2429 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2430 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2431 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2432 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2433 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2434 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2435 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2447 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2448 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2450 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2452 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2456 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2460 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2464 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2465 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2466 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2471 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2472 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2482 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2488 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2489 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2492 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2494 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2495 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2499 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2502 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2503 SV* const right = TOPs;
2509 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2510 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2511 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0));
2513 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2520 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2521 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2531 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2532 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2534 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2537 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2538 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2540 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2543 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2545 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2547 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2553 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2556 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2558 while (SvAMAGIC(ref) &&
2559 (tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2560 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2562 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2563 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2564 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
2569 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
2573 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
2578 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
2579 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
2580 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
2581 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
2582 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
2583 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
2584 int use_default_op = 0;
2590 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
2592 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
2593 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
2595 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
2596 /* overloading lexically disabled */
2598 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
2599 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
2600 * masked by overloading.pm */
2602 const int offset = method / 8;
2603 const int bit = method % 8;
2604 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
2606 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
2607 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
2612 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
2613 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
2614 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2615 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2616 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2618 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
2619 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
2625 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
2626 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
2628 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
2631 /* look for substituted methods */
2632 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
2636 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
2637 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
2638 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2643 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
2644 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
2645 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2649 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2652 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2655 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2658 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
2659 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
2660 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2667 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
2670 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
2671 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
2673 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
2674 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
2676 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
2677 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
2678 /* As a bit of a source compatibility hack, SvAMAGIC() and
2679 friends dereference an RV, to behave the same was as when
2680 overloading was stored on the reference, not the referant.
2681 Hence we can't use SvAMAGIC_on()
2683 SvFLAGS(newref) |= SVf_AMAGIC;
2684 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
2690 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
2691 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
2692 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2694 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2695 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
2696 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
2698 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2699 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
2700 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
2703 if (off==subtr_amg) {
2714 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
2716 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2721 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2722 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2725 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2733 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2738 if (!cv) goto not_found;
2739 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
2740 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
2741 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2742 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2743 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2745 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
2748 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
2749 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
2750 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
2751 /* We look for substitution for
2752 * comparison operations and
2754 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
2755 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
2756 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
2778 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2782 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2792 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
2800 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2803 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
2804 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
2805 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
2806 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
2807 } else if ((use_default_op =
2808 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
2809 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
2811 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
2815 if (off==-1) off=method;
2816 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
2817 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
2818 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2819 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
2821 "in overloaded package ":
2822 "has no overloaded magic",
2824 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
2827 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
2830 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
2832 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
2833 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
2834 if (use_default_op) {
2835 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
2837 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
2841 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
2846 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2847 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
2849 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2851 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2852 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
2853 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
2854 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
2855 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
2856 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
2857 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
2858 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
2861 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
2862 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
2863 * version of copy operator
2865 /* We need to copy in following cases:
2866 * a) Assignment form was called.
2867 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
2868 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
2869 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
2870 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
2871 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
2873 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
2874 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
2876 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
2877 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
2880 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
2881 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
2883 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
2884 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
2887 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
2888 * information by hand */
2889 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
2891 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
2892 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
2894 SvREFCNT_dec(tmpRef);
2902 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
2905 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
2906 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
2907 myop.op_next = NULL;
2908 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
2910 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
2913 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
2914 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
2915 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
2917 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
2919 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
2920 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
2921 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
2922 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
2924 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2925 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
2927 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2930 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
2938 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
2945 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
2948 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
2951 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
2954 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
2957 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
2960 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
2963 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
2965 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
2970 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
2972 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
2974 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
2982 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
2987 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
2990 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
2992 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
2993 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
2996 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
2997 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3001 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3003 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3004 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3005 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3006 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3007 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3008 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3009 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3011 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3013 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3014 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3015 more compactly represents the same thing.
3021 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3027 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3029 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3031 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3033 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3034 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3035 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3036 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3037 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3038 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3040 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3042 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3043 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3045 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3046 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3052 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3053 (void)hv_delete(stash, HEK_KEY(gvnhek),
3054 HEK_UTF8(gvnhek) ? -HEK_LEN(gvnhek) : HEK_LEN(gvnhek), G_DISCARD);
3055 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv &&
3056 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3057 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3058 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3059 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3060 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3061 (gvp = hv_fetch(stash, HEK_KEY(namehek),
3062 HEK_LEN(namehek)*(HEK_UTF8(namehek) ? -1 : 1), 0)) &&
3064 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3068 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK;
3069 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3070 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3071 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3078 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3081 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3087 * c-indentation-style: bsd
3089 * indent-tabs-mode: t
3092 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: