3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
87 && memEQs(GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
376 const bool really_sub =
377 has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV;
378 COP * const old = PL_curcop;
380 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
381 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
384 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
385 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
389 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
390 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
391 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
401 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
402 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
404 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
412 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
417 if (really_sub && !CvISXSUB(has_constant) && CvSTART(has_constant)
418 && ( CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
419 || CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
420 PL_curcop = (COP *)CvSTART(has_constant);
421 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
425 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
426 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
427 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
428 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
430 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
431 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
433 if (CvNAMED(cv) && CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
434 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
435 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
436 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
437 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
438 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
446 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
447 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
448 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
450 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
451 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
452 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
453 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
454 from a reference to CV. */
455 if (exported_constant)
456 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
457 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
462 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
463 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
464 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
470 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
472 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
484 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
492 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
493 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
500 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
503 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
504 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
506 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
507 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
508 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
510 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
511 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
512 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
513 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
518 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
519 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
520 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
521 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
522 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
523 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
525 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
526 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
527 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
528 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
529 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
530 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
531 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
532 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
533 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
534 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
535 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
536 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
537 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
538 case KEY_until: case KEY_use :
539 case KEY_whereis: case KEY_whereso: case KEY_while:
540 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
543 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
544 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
549 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
554 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
559 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
560 oldparser = PL_parser;
561 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
562 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
563 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
565 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
569 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
571 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
575 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
578 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
580 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
581 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
582 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
583 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
584 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
585 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
586 it this order as we need an op number before calling
588 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
590 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
596 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
597 compiling after a syntax error */
598 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
599 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
604 : newSVpvn(name,len),
609 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
610 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
611 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
612 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
615 PL_parser = oldparser;
616 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
617 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
620 SV *opnumsv = newSViv(
621 (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL && len == 9 && memEQ(name, "evalbytes", 9)) ?
622 (OP_ENTEREVAL | (1<<16))
623 : opnum ? opnum : (((I32)name[2]) << 16));
624 cv_set_call_checker_flags(cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv, 0);
625 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(opnumsv);
632 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
634 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
636 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
638 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
639 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
645 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
649 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
650 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
651 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level,
652 flags | SvUTF8(namesv));
653 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
654 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
655 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
659 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
661 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
662 instead of a string/length pair.
668 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
670 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
671 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
675 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
677 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
678 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
679 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
681 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
682 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
683 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
684 up caching info for this glob.
686 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
688 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
692 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
693 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
694 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
695 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
700 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
702 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
703 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
710 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
711 GV* candidate = NULL;
715 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
718 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
720 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
722 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
723 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
729 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
731 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
734 assert(name || meth);
736 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
737 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
738 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
740 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
742 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
743 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
744 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
745 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
747 else cachestash = stash;
749 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
751 cachestash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
753 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
760 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
763 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
764 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
766 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
767 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
768 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
772 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
773 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
774 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
779 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
780 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
783 else if (stash == cachestash
784 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */
785 && memEQs(hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "CORE")
786 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
790 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
791 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
792 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
794 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
796 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
799 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
800 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
802 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
808 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
810 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
811 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
812 if (strBEGINs(hvname, "CORE")
814 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
820 else candidate = *gvp;
823 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
824 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
825 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
827 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
828 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
829 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
831 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
832 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
833 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
834 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
835 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
836 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
842 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
843 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
844 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
847 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
848 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
849 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
850 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
851 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
852 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
853 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
859 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
860 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
861 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
868 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
870 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
871 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
875 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
877 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
880 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
882 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
883 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
889 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
893 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
894 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
897 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
901 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
903 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
904 instead of a string/length pair.
910 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
912 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
913 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
917 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
919 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
920 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
922 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
923 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
924 of the result may be zero.
926 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
932 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
934 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
936 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
943 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
944 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
946 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
949 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
951 /* Have an autoload */
952 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
953 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
954 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
955 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
964 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
966 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
967 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
968 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
971 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
972 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
973 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
974 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
975 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
977 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
978 as a prefix of the method name. Note
979 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
980 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
981 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
982 created as a side effect to do this.
984 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
985 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
986 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
992 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
994 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
996 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
1000 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
1004 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
1005 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1008 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1012 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1014 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1015 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1019 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1021 const char * const origname = name;
1022 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1023 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1026 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1027 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1028 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1029 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1031 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1033 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1036 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1037 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1038 the error reporting code. */
1042 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1043 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1046 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1047 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1048 * if none was found.
1050 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1053 const char *name_cursor = name;
1054 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1055 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1056 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1057 last_separator = name_cursor;
1058 name = name_cursor + 1;
1060 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1061 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1062 name = name_cursor + 1;
1067 /* did we find a separator? */
1068 if (last_separator) {
1069 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1070 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1071 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1072 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1074 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1075 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1077 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1078 strBEGINs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1079 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1080 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1081 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1084 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1085 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1090 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1092 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1093 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1094 import/unimport subroutine */
1095 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport")) {
1096 gv = (GV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)newCONSTSUB_flags(NULL,
1098 } else if (autoload)
1099 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1100 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1102 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1103 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1106 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1107 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1108 * require it first instead of croaking */
1109 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1110 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1111 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1112 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1113 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1115 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1116 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1121 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1122 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1123 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1124 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1129 if (last_separator) {
1130 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1131 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1133 packnamesv = error_report;
1137 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1138 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1139 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1140 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1141 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1145 else if (autoload) {
1146 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1147 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1151 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1155 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1158 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1159 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1160 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1161 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1171 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1175 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1176 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1179 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1183 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1185 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1186 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1190 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1197 SV *packname = NULL;
1198 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1200 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1202 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1205 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1206 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1207 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1208 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1209 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1213 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1214 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1216 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1217 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1221 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1225 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods no longer works
1228 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1229 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1231 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1232 "::%" UTF8f "() is no longer allowed",
1234 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1237 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1238 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1239 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1241 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1242 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1243 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1244 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1245 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1248 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1249 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1250 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1251 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1252 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1253 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1254 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1256 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1257 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1259 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1260 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1261 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1263 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1266 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1267 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1268 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1270 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1272 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1273 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1275 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1276 SvLEN_set(cv, SvCUR(cv) + 1);
1280 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1284 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1290 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1291 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1292 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1293 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1295 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1296 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1300 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1301 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1302 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1306 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1307 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1308 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1309 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1310 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1311 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1312 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1315 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1323 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1324 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1325 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1326 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1328 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1329 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1330 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1331 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1332 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1333 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1336 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1337 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1339 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1341 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1343 /* If it is not tied */
1344 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1346 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1352 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1355 #define GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC \
1356 ( (gvp = (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)) \
1358 && ( (isGV(*gvp) && GvCV(*gvp)) \
1359 || (SvROK(*gvp) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*gvp)) == SVt_PVCV) ) \
1362 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1363 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1364 || ! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1366 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1367 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1370 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1371 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1372 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1374 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1375 type, varname, name);
1376 else if (! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1377 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1378 type, varname, name);
1380 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1381 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp);
1385 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1391 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1392 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1393 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1395 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1396 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1399 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1401 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1402 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1408 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1410 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1411 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1415 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1417 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1418 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1419 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1420 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1421 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1424 Flags may be one of:
1433 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1435 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1436 recommended for performance reasons.
1442 gv_stashpvn_internal
1444 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1445 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1449 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1450 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1456 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1458 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1460 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1463 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1464 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1465 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1466 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1467 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1468 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1470 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1472 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1473 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1475 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1476 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1478 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1479 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1480 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1481 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1482 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1488 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1490 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1491 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1493 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1495 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1497 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1501 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1502 assert(namesv || name)
1504 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1505 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1510 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1512 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1513 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1514 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1521 hv = INT2PTR(HV*, SvIVX(sv));
1522 assert(SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV);
1525 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1528 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1530 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1532 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1534 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1537 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1539 if (stash && namelen) {
1540 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1541 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1542 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1549 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1551 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1552 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1556 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1558 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1561 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1568 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1570 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1571 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1576 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1577 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1578 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1582 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1584 const char * const nambeg =
1585 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1586 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1587 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1590 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1591 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1595 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1599 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1603 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1604 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1606 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1607 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1609 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1610 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1611 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1612 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1614 char *tmpfullbuf = NULL; /* only malloc one big chunk of memory when the smallbuff is not large enough */
1615 const char *name_cursor;
1616 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1617 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1618 char smallbuf[64]; /* small buffer to avoid a malloc when possible */
1620 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1624 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1626 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1630 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1631 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1632 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1633 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1636 *stash = PL_defstash;
1637 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1640 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1641 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1644 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1648 else { /* using ' for package separator */
1649 /* use our pre-allocated buffer when possible to save a malloc */
1651 if ( *len+2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
1654 /* only malloc once if needed */
1655 if (tmpfullbuf == NULL) /* only malloc&free once, a little more than needed */
1656 Newx(tmpfullbuf, full_len+2, char);
1657 tmpbuf = tmpfullbuf;
1659 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1660 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1661 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1664 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1665 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1666 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1667 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1670 /* here we know that *gv && *gv != &PL_sv_undef */
1671 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1672 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1676 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1677 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1678 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1679 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1680 && strBEGINs(*name, "CORE"))
1681 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1684 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1686 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1687 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1688 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1689 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1692 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1693 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1696 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1698 *name = name_cursor+1;
1699 if (*name == name_end) {
1701 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1702 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
1703 gv_init_pvn(*gv, PL_defstash, "main::", 6,
1706 MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(PL_defstash));
1709 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1714 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1718 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1719 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1720 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1722 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1724 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1725 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1726 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1727 * like INC or STDOUT.
1735 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1736 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1737 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1741 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1746 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1747 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1751 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1752 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1753 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1757 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1758 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1764 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1772 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1773 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1774 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1776 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1777 * which might happen during global destruction.
1779 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1780 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1781 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1782 const svtype sv_type)
1784 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1786 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1788 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1789 *stash = PL_defstash;
1792 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1793 *stash = PL_curstash;
1794 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1795 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1796 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1797 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1798 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1799 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1800 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1802 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1803 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1804 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1808 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1809 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1810 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1812 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1814 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1815 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1816 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1817 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1818 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1821 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1822 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1823 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1830 /* Use the current op's stash */
1831 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1836 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1838 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1839 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1840 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1841 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1842 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1843 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1844 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1845 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1846 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1847 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1848 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1849 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1850 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1851 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1852 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1853 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1855 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1857 /* symbol table under destruction */
1866 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1872 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1873 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1875 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1876 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1878 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1880 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1881 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1882 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1885 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1886 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1888 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1889 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1890 const svtype sv_type)
1894 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1896 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1897 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1898 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1899 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1904 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1905 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1906 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1907 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1908 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1913 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1914 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1917 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1921 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1922 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1927 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1936 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1937 /* Avoid null warning: */
1938 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1939 if (strBEGINs(stashname, "CORE"))
1940 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1947 /* Nothing else to do.
1948 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1949 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1950 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1951 platforms, we can't just do:
1952 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1953 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1954 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1955 would make them larger than 'V')
1962 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1963 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1965 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1971 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1972 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1973 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1974 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1975 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1980 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1981 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1985 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1988 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1989 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1990 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1991 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1993 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1994 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1995 use didn't clean up fully because
1996 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1997 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1998 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1999 interpreter structure that something else will crash
2000 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
2001 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
2002 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
2003 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
2007 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
2008 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
2009 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
2011 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
2016 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
2019 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
2020 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
2022 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
2023 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
2024 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2025 const Size_t n = *name;
2027 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2030 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2031 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2033 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
2034 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
2035 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2036 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2039 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
2040 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2043 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2044 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2047 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2048 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2051 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2052 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2053 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2057 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2058 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2061 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2062 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2063 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2066 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2067 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2071 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2072 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2075 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2076 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2078 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2080 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2083 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2084 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2087 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2101 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2104 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2106 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2107 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2113 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2114 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2117 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2120 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2123 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2125 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2127 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2128 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2129 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2130 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2132 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2136 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2137 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2150 paren = *name - '0';
2153 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2154 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2155 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2159 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2163 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2164 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2170 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2172 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2174 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2175 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2176 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2179 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2180 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2181 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2183 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2185 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2188 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2189 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2192 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2193 const Size_t n = *name;
2195 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2201 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2202 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2203 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2204 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2205 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2207 case '\010': /* $^H */
2209 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2210 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2214 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2215 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2216 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2218 else goto magicalize;
2220 case '\023': /* $^S */
2222 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2238 case '\001': /* $^A */
2239 case '\003': /* $^C */
2240 case '\004': /* $^D */
2241 case '\005': /* $^E */
2242 case '\006': /* $^F */
2243 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2244 case '\016': /* $^N */
2245 case '\017': /* $^O */
2246 case '\020': /* $^P */
2247 case '\024': /* $^T */
2248 case '\027': /* $^W */
2250 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2253 case '\014': /* $^L */
2254 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2257 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2261 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2262 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2263 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2264 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2265 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2269 case '\026': /* $^V */
2271 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2272 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2273 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2279 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2285 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2286 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2288 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2293 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2294 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2295 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2297 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2298 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2299 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2300 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2303 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2304 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2306 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2308 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2310 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2311 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2312 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2313 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2314 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2315 /* diag_listed_as: $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2316 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2318 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2319 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2322 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2325 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2327 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2329 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2333 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2337 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2346 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2347 const svtype sv_type)
2349 const char *name = nambeg;
2354 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2355 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2356 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2357 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2358 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2359 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2362 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2364 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2365 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2366 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2367 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2369 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2372 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2373 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2379 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2383 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2384 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2385 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2386 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2389 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2390 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2393 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2394 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2395 * anything else with it before that.
2398 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2399 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2400 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2401 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2402 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2403 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2404 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2407 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2408 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2409 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2410 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2411 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2412 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2413 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2415 else if (sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2416 && memEQs(name, len, "ISA")
2417 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2418 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2421 } else if (no_init) {
2425 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2426 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2427 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2428 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2431 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2436 /* Adding a new symbol.
2437 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2438 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2440 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2441 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2443 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2445 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2446 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2447 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2448 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2449 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2452 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2453 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2458 /* set up magic where warranted */
2459 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2462 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2463 * stored in the symtab.
2464 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2465 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2467 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2471 /* The temporary GV created above */
2472 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2476 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2481 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2484 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2486 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2488 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2490 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2491 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2492 if (keepmain || ! memBEGINs(name, len, "main")) {
2493 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2497 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2498 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2502 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2504 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2506 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2508 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2512 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2513 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2517 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2526 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2528 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2530 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2531 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2532 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2535 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2536 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2538 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2539 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2541 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2543 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2545 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2547 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2548 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2549 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2550 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2554 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2555 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2558 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2560 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2562 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2563 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2565 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2566 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2567 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2568 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2569 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2572 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2577 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2579 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2580 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2582 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2583 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2588 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2591 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2598 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2599 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2600 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2601 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2610 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2615 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2617 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2618 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2619 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2620 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2623 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2625 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2633 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2635 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2636 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2637 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2638 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2639 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2640 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2641 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2643 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2652 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2656 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2657 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2658 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2659 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2660 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2661 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2662 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2663 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2664 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2668 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2669 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2670 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2671 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2672 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2673 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2674 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2675 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2676 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2677 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2682 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2685 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2691 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2693 if (--attempts == 0) {
2695 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2696 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2701 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2702 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2708 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2710 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2711 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2713 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2715 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2717 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2718 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2720 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2721 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2728 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2730 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2731 * 0 if there is no overload
2732 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2736 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2738 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2740 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2743 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2745 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2747 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2748 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2749 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2751 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2754 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2757 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2758 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2764 bool deref_seen = 0;
2767 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2769 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2770 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2771 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2776 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2779 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2781 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2784 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2785 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2786 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2787 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2788 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2789 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2796 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2797 /* initially assume the worst */
2798 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2800 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2801 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2802 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2803 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2804 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2806 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2807 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2808 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2809 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2810 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2811 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2812 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2813 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2814 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2815 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2817 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2818 const HEK * const gvhek = CvGvNAME_HEK(cv);
2819 const HEK * const stashek =
2820 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2821 if (memEQs(HEK_KEY(gvhek), HEK_LEN(gvhek), "nil")
2823 && memEQs(HEK_KEY(stashek), HEK_LEN(stashek), "overload")) {
2824 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2825 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2826 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2828 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2830 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2831 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2832 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2833 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2834 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2836 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2841 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2843 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2844 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2845 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2846 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2847 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2848 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2856 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2858 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2859 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2860 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2862 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2863 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2866 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2882 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2883 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2884 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2885 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2888 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2889 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2890 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2894 /* Here we have no table: */
2896 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2897 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2898 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2904 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2909 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2911 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2914 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2915 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2917 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2920 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2922 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2925 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2926 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2928 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2929 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2930 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2931 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2932 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2933 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2934 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2935 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2947 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2948 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2950 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2952 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2956 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2959 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2963 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2964 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2965 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2967 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2972 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2973 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2983 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2989 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2990 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2993 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2995 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2996 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
3000 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
3002 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
3003 SV* const right = TOPs;
3009 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
3010 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
3011 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
3012 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
3014 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
3021 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
3022 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
3032 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
3033 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
3035 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
3038 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
3039 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3041 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3044 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3046 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3048 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3054 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3058 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3062 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3063 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3064 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3065 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3068 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3069 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3071 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3072 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3073 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3080 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3084 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3086 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3088 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3090 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3091 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3093 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3094 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3095 * masked by overloading.pm */
3097 const int offset = method / 8;
3098 const int bit = method % 8;
3099 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3101 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3102 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3109 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3114 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3115 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3116 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3117 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3118 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3119 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3120 int use_default_op = 0;
3121 int force_scalar = 0;
3127 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3129 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3130 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3133 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3134 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3135 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3136 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3137 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3139 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3140 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3146 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3147 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3149 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3152 /* look for substituted methods */
3153 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3157 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3158 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3159 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3164 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3165 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3166 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3170 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3173 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3176 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3179 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3180 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3181 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3188 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3191 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3192 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3194 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3195 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3197 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3198 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3199 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3200 delegate to the stash. */
3201 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3207 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3208 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3209 SV* const nullsv=&PL_sv_zero;
3211 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3212 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3213 logic = SvTRUE_NN(lessp);
3215 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3216 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3217 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3220 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3231 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3238 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3239 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3242 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3250 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3255 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3256 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3257 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3258 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3259 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3260 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3262 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3265 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3266 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3267 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3268 /* We look for substitution for
3269 * comparison operations and
3271 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3272 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3273 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3295 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3299 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3309 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3317 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3319 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3320 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3321 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3322 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3323 } else if ((use_default_op =
3324 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3325 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3327 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3331 if (off==-1) off=method;
3332 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3333 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3334 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3335 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3337 "in overloaded package ":
3338 "has no overloaded magic",
3340 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3343 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3346 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3348 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3349 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3350 if (use_default_op) {
3351 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3353 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3357 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3362 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3363 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3364 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3365 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3371 if (off == subtr_amg)
3374 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3375 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3376 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3377 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3397 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3401 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3402 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3403 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3411 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3412 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3413 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3423 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3424 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3426 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3428 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3429 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3430 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3431 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3432 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3433 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3434 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3435 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3438 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3439 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3440 * version of copy operator
3442 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3443 * a) Assignment form was called.
3444 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3445 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3446 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3447 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3448 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3450 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3451 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3453 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3454 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3457 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3458 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3460 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3461 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3464 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3465 * information by hand */
3466 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3468 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3469 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3471 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3479 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3481 /* for multiconcat, we may call overload several times,
3482 * with the context of individual concats being scalar,
3483 * regardless of the overall context of the multiconcat op
3485 U8 gimme = (force_scalar || PL_op->op_type == OP_MULTICONCAT)
3486 ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3489 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3490 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3491 myop.op_next = NULL;
3492 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3496 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3499 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3500 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3505 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3509 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3512 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3513 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3514 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3515 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3517 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3518 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3519 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3520 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3522 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3523 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3525 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3526 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3527 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3529 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3533 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3537 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3541 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3542 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3545 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3548 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3549 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3550 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3552 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3563 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3570 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3573 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3576 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3579 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3582 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3585 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3588 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3590 ans=!SvTRUE_NN(res); break;
3595 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3597 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3599 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3607 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3612 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3615 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3617 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3618 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3621 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3622 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3626 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3628 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3629 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3630 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3631 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3632 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3633 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3634 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3636 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3638 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3639 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3640 more compactly represents the same thing.
3646 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3652 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3654 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3656 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3658 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3659 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3660 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3661 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3662 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3663 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3665 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3667 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3669 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3670 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3672 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3673 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3679 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3680 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3681 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3682 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3683 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3684 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3685 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3686 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3687 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3689 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3690 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3694 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3696 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3697 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3698 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3699 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3704 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3706 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3708 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3709 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3710 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3711 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3712 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3713 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3714 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3717 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3723 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3726 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3731 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: