perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *    Copyright (c) 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
   5  *
   6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   8  *
   9  */
  10
  11 /*
  12  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  13  *  All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  14  *
  15  *     [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
  16  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  20  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  21  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  22  *
  23  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  24  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  25  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  26  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  27  *
  28  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  29  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  30  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  31  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  32  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  33  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  34  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  35  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  36  *
  37  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  38  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  39  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  40  *
  41  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  42  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  43  * an action.
  44  */
  45
  46 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  47
  48 %pure_parser
  49
  50 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  51
  52 %start grammar
  53
  54 %union {
  55     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  56                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  57     char *pval;
  58     OP *opval;
  59     GV *gvval;
  60 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  61     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  62     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  63 #else
  64     char *p_tkval;
  65     I32 i_tkval;
  66 #endif
  67 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  68     TOKEN* tkval;
  69 #endif
  70 }
  71
  72 %token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ
  73
  74 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
  75
  76 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
  77 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  78 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
  79 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  80 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  81 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  82 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  83 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
  84 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  85 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  86 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  87 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  88 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR
  89
  90 %type <i_tkval> lpar_or_qw
  91
  92 %type <ival> grammar remember mremember
  93 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  94 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  95 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  96
  97 %type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt barestmt block mblock else
  98 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  99 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
 100 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
 101 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
 102 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
 103 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
 104 %type <p_tkval> label
 105
 106 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 107 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 108
 109 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 110 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 111 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 112 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 113 %left <i_tkval> ','
 114 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 115 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 116 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
 117 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 118 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 119 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 120 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 121 %nonassoc EQOP
 122 %nonassoc RELOP
 123 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 124 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 125 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 126 %left ADDOP
 127 %left MULOP
 128 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 129 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 130 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 131 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 132 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 133 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 134 %left <i_tkval> '('
 135 %left '[' '{'
 136
 137 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 138
 139 %% /* RULES */
 140
 141 /* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
 142 grammar :       GRAMPROG
 143                         {
 144                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 145                         }
 146                 remember stmtseq
 147                         {
 148                           newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
 149                           $$ = 0;
 150                         }
 151         |       GRAMBLOCK
 152                         {
 153                           parser->expect = XBLOCK;
 154                         }
 155                 block
 156                         {
 157                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 158                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 159                           $$ = 0;
 160                           yyunlex();
 161                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 162                         }
 163         |       GRAMBARESTMT
 164                         {
 165                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 166                         }
 167                 barestmt
 168                         {
 169                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 170                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 171                           $$ = 0;
 172                           yyunlex();
 173                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 174                         }
 175         |       GRAMFULLSTMT
 176                         {
 177                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 178                         }
 179                 fullstmt
 180                         {
 181                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 182                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 183                           $$ = 0;
 184                           yyunlex();
 185                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 186                         }
 187         |       GRAMSTMTSEQ
 188                         {
 189                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 190                         }
 191                 stmtseq
 192                         {
 193                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 194                           $$ = 0;
 195                         }
 196         ;
 197
 198 /* An ordinary block */
 199 block   :       '{' remember stmtseq '}'
 200                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 201                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 202                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 203                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 204                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 205                         }
 206         ;
 207
 208 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 209                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 210         ;
 211
 212 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 213                         { $$ = (I32) Perl_allocmy(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN("$_"), 0); }
 214         ;
 215
 216 mblock  :       '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
 217                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 218                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 219                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 220                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 221                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 222                         }
 223         ;
 224
 225 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 226                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 227         ;
 228
 229 /* A sequence of statements in the program */
 230 stmtseq :       /* NULL */
 231                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 232         |       stmtseq fullstmt
 233                         {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
 234                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 235                             if ($1 && $2)
 236                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 237                         }
 238         ;
 239
 240 /* A statement in the program, including optional label */
 241 fullstmt:       label barestmt
 242                         {
 243                           if (PVAL($1) || $2) {
 244                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 245                               TOKEN_GETMAD($1,
 246                                   $2 ? cLISTOPx($$)->op_first : $$, 'L');
 247                           } else {
 248                               $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), $2);
 249                           }
 250                         }
 251         ;
 252
 253 /* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
 254 barestmt:       PLUGSTMT
 255                         { $$ = $1; }
 256         |       PEG
 257                         {
 258                           $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 259                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 260                         }
 261         |       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 262                         {
 263                           CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
 264                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 265 #ifdef MAD
 266                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 267                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 268                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 269                           token_free($1);
 270 #else
 271                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 272                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 273 #endif
 274                           if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvUNIQUE(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
 275                               SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(fmtcv);
 276                               pad_add_anon((SV*)fmtcv, OP_NULL);
 277                           }
 278                         }
 279         |       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 280                         {
 281                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 282 #ifdef MAD
 283                           {
 284                               OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 285                                 (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 286                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 287                               op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 288                               op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 289                               op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 290                               op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 291                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 292                               append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 293                               $6->op_madprop = 0;
 294                           }
 295 #else
 296                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 297                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 298 #endif
 299                         }
 300         |       MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 301                         {
 302                           /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 303                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 304 #ifdef MAD
 305                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 306                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 307 #else
 308                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 309                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 310 #endif
 311                         }
 312         |       PACKAGE WORD WORD ';'
 313                         {
 314 #ifdef MAD
 315                           $$ = package($3);
 316                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 317                           if ($2)
 318                               package_version($2);
 319                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
 320 #else
 321                           package($3);
 322                           if ($2)
 323                               package_version($2);
 324                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 325 #endif
 326                         }
 327         |       USE startsub
 328                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 329                 WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 330                         {
 331                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 332 #ifdef MAD
 333                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 334                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 335                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 336                           if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
 337                                       AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 338                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_NULL, NULL, 0), $$, 0);
 339 #else
 340                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 341                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 342 #endif
 343                         }
 344         |       IF lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 345                         {
 346                           $$ = block_end($3,
 347                               newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
 348                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 349                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 350                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 351                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 352                         }
 353         |       UNLESS lpar_or_qw remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 354                         {
 355                           $$ = block_end($3,
 356                               newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
 357                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 358                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 359                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 360                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 361                         }
 362         |       GIVEN lpar_or_qw remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 363                         {
 364                           $$ = block_end($3,
 365                                   newGIVENOP($5, op_scope($7), (PADOFFSET)$4));
 366                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 367                         }
 368         |       WHEN lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock
 369                         { $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
 370         |       DEFAULT block
 371                         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
 372         |       WHILE lpar_or_qw remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 373                         {
 374                           $$ = block_end($3,
 375                                   newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 376                                       $4, $7, $8, $6));
 377                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 378                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 379                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 380                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 381                         }
 382         |       UNTIL lpar_or_qw remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 383                         {
 384                           $$ = block_end($3,
 385                                   newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 386                                       $4, $7, $8, $6));
 387                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 388                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 389                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 390                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 391                         }
 392         |       FOR lpar_or_qw remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 393                 mblock
 394                         {
 395                           OP *initop = IF_MAD($4 ? $4 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0), $4);
 396                           OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 397                                       scalar($6), $11, $9, $8);
 398                           if (initop) {
 399                               forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
 400                                   op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 401                                       newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
 402                                       forop));
 403                           }
 404                           DO_MAD({ forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, forop); })
 405                           $$ = block_end($3, forop);
 406                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'3');
 407                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 408                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'1');
 409                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,'2');
 410                           TOKEN_GETMAD($10,$$,')');
 411                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 412                         }
 413         |       FOR MY remember my_scalar lpar_or_qw mexpr ')' mblock cont
 414                         {
 415                           $$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
 416                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 417                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'d');
 418                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'(');
 419                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,')');
 420                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 421                         }
 422         |       FOR scalar lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 423                         {
 424                           $$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
 425                                       op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
 426                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 427                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 428                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 429                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 430                         }
 431         |       FOR lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 432                         {
 433                           $$ = block_end($3,
 434                                   newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $4, $6, $7));
 435                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 436                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 437                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 438                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 439                         }
 440         |       block cont
 441                         {
 442                           /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 443                           $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 444                                   (OP*)NULL, $1, $2, 0);
 445                         }
 446         |       PACKAGE WORD WORD '{' remember
 447                         {
 448                           int save_3_latefree = $3->op_latefree;
 449                           $3->op_latefree = 1;
 450                           package($3);
 451                           $3->op_latefree = save_3_latefree;
 452                           if ($2) {
 453                               int save_2_latefree = $2->op_latefree;
 454                               $2->op_latefree = 1;
 455                               package_version($2);
 456                               $2->op_latefree = save_2_latefree;
 457                           }
 458                         }
 459                 stmtseq '}'
 460                         {
 461                           /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 462                           $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 463                                   (OP*)NULL, block_end($5, $7), (OP*)NULL, 0);
 464                           op_free($3);
 465                           if ($2)
 466                               op_free($2);
 467                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'{');
 468                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,$$,'}');
 469                           if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($4))
 470                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($4);
 471                         }
 472         |       sideff ';'
 473                         {
 474                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 475                           $$ = $1;
 476                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 477                         }
 478         |       ';'
 479                         {
 480                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 481                           $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), (OP*)NULL);
 482                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 483                           PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
 484                         }
 485         ;
 486
 487 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 488 sideff  :       error
 489                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 490         |       expr
 491                         { $$ = $1; }
 492         |       expr IF expr
 493                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 494                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 495                         }
 496         |       expr UNLESS expr
 497                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 498                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 499                         }
 500         |       expr WHILE expr
 501                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 502                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 503                         }
 504         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 505                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 506                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 507                         }
 508         |       expr FOR expr
 509                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
 510                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 511                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 512                         }
 513         |       expr WHEN expr
 514                         { $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
 515         ;
 516
 517 /* else and elsif blocks */
 518 else    :       /* NULL */
 519                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 520         |       ELSE mblock
 521                         {
 522                           ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
 523                           $$ = op_scope($2);
 524                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 525                         }
 526         |       ELSIF lpar_or_qw mexpr ')' mblock else
 527                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 528                             $$ = newCONDOP(0,
 529                                 newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
 530                                 op_scope($5), $6);
 531                           PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 532                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 533                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 534                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 535                         }
 536         ;
 537
 538 /* Continue blocks */
 539 cont    :       /* NULL */
 540                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 541         |       CONTINUE block
 542                         {
 543                           $$ = op_scope($2);
 544                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 545                         }
 546         ;
 547
 548 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 549 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 550                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 551                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 552                           intro_my(); }
 553
 554 /* Normal expression */
 555 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 556                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 557         |       sideff
 558         ;
 559
 560 /* Boolean expression */
 561 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 562                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 563                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 564                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 565         |       expr
 566         ;
 567
 568 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 569 iexpr   :       expr
 570                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 571         ;
 572
 573 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 574 mexpr   :       expr
 575                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 576         ;
 577
 578 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 579                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 580         ;
 581
 582 miexpr  :       iexpr
 583                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 584         ;
 585
 586 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 587 label   :       /* empty */
 588                         {
 589 #ifdef MAD
 590                           YYSTYPE tmplval;
 591                           tmplval.pval = NULL;
 592                           $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0);
 593 #else
 594                           $$ = NULL;
 595 #endif
 596                         }
 597         |       LABEL
 598         ;
 599
 600 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 601         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 602         ;
 603
 604 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 605                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 606                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 607
 608         ;
 609
 610 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 611                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 612                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 613         ;
 614
 615 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 616                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 617                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 618         ;
 619
 620 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 621 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 622                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 623                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 624                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 625                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 626                           $$ = $1; }
 627         ;
 628
 629 /* Subroutine prototype */
 630 proto   :       /* NULL */
 631                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 632         |       THING
 633         ;
 634
 635 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 636 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 637                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 638         |       COLONATTR THING
 639                         { $$ = $2;
 640                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 641                         }
 642         |       COLONATTR
 643                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 644                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 645                                     (OP*)NULL
 646                                 );
 647                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 648                         }
 649         ;
 650
 651 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 652 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 653                         { $$ = $2;
 654                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 655                         }
 656         |       COLONATTR
 657                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 658                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 659                                     (OP*)NULL
 660                                 );
 661                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 662                         }
 663         ;
 664
 665 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 666 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 667         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 668                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 669                                     (OP*)NULL
 670                                 );
 671                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 672                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 673                         }
 674         ;
 675
 676 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 677 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 678                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 679                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 680                         }
 681         |       expr OROP expr
 682                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 683                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 684                         }
 685         |       expr DOROP expr
 686                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 687                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 688                         }
 689         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 690         ;
 691
 692 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 693 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 694                         {
 695 #ifdef MAD
 696                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 697                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 698                           $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 699 #else
 700                           $$ = $1;
 701 #endif
 702                         }
 703         |       argexpr ',' term
 704                         {
 705                           OP* term = $3;
 706                           DO_MAD(
 707                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 708                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 709                           )
 710                           $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 711                         }
 712         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 713         ;
 714
 715 /* List operators */
 716 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 717                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 718                                 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 719                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 720                         }
 721         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 722                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 723                                 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 724                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 725                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 726                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 727                         }
 728         |       term ARROW method lpar_or_qw listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 729                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 730                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 731                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 732                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 733                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 734                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 735                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 736                         }
 737         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 738                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 739                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 740                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 741                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 742                         }
 743         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 744                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 745                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 746                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 747                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 748                         }
 749         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 750                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 751                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 752                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 753                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 754                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 755                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 756                         }
 757         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 758                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 759                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 760                         }
 761         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 762                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 763                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 764                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 765                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 766                         }
 767         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 768                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 769                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
 770                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 771                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 772                                  op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 773                                    op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 774                         }
 775         ;
 776
 777 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 778 method  :       METHOD
 779         |       scalar
 780         ;
 781
 782 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 783 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 784                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 785                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 786                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 787                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 788                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 789                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 790                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 791                         }
 792         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 793                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 794                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 795                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 796                         }
 797         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 798                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 799                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 800                                         scalar($4));
 801                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 802                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 803                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 804                         }
 805         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 806                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 807                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 808                                         scalar($3));
 809                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 810                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 811                         }
 812         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 813                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 814                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 815                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 816                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 817                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 818                         }
 819         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 820                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 821                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 822                                         jmaybe($4));
 823                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 824                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 825                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 826                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 827                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 828                         }
 829         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 830                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 831                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 832                                         jmaybe($3));
 833                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 834                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 835                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 836                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 837                         }
 838         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 839                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 840                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 841                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 842                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 843                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 844                         }
 845         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 846                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 847                                    op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 848                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 849                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 850                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 851                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 852                         }
 853
 854         |       subscripted lpar_or_qw expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 855                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 856                                    op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 857                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 858                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 859                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 860                         }
 861         |       subscripted lpar_or_qw ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 862                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 863                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 864                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 865                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 866                         }
 867         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 868                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 869                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 870                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 871                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 872                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 873                         }
 874         |       QWLIST '[' expr ']'            /* list literal slice */
 875                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1);
 876                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 877                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 878                         }
 879         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 880                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
 881                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 882                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 883                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 884                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 885                         }
 886     ;
 887
 888 /* Binary operators between terms */
 889 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 890                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 891                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 892                         }
 893         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 894                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 895                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 896                         }
 897         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 898                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 899                                 scalar($1);
 900                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 901                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 902                         }
 903         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 904                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 905                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 906                         }
 907         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 908                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 909                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 910                         }
 911         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 912                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 913                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 914                         }
 915         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 916                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 917                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 918                         }
 919         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 920                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 921                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 922                         }
 923         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 924                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 925                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 926                         }
 927         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 928                         {
 929                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 930                           DO_MAD({
 931                               UNOP *op;
 932                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 933                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 934                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 935                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 936                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 937                             })
 938                         }
 939         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 940                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 941                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 942                         }
 943         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 944                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 945                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 946                         }
 947         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 948                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 949                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 950                         }
 951         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 952                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
 953                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
 954                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
 955                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
 956                                 '~');
 957                         }
 958     ;
 959
 960 /* Unary operators and terms */
 961 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 962                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
 963                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 964                         }
 965         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 966                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 967                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
 968                                     $2
 969                                 );
 970                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
 971                         }
 972         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 973                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
 974                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 975                         }
 976         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 977                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
 978                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 979                         }
 980         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 981                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 982                                         op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
 983                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 984                         }
 985         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 986                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 987                                         op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
 988                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 989                         }
 990         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
 991                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 992                                         op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
 993                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 994                         }
 995         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
 996                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 997                                         op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
 998                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 999                         }
1000
1001     ;
1002
1003 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1004 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
1005                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
1006                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1007                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
1008                         }
1009         |       '[' ']'
1010                         { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
1011                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1012                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
1013                         }
1014         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1015                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
1016                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1017                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
1018                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1019                         }
1020         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1021                         { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1022                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1023                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1024                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1025                         }
1026         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1027                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1028                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1029                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1030                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1031                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1032                         }
1033
1034     ;
1035
1036 /* Things called with "do" */
1037 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1038                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1039                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1040                         }
1041         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1042                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($2));
1043                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1044                         }
1045         |       DO WORD lpar_or_qw ')'                  /* do somesub() */
1046                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1047                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1048                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1049                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1050                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1051                                     scalar($2)
1052                                 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1053                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1054                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1055                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1056                         }
1057         |       DO WORD lpar_or_qw expr ')'             /* do somesub(@args) */
1058                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1059                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1060                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
1061                                 $4,
1062                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1063                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1064                                     scalar($2)
1065                                 )))); dep();
1066                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1067                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1068                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1069                         }
1070         |       DO scalar lpar_or_qw ')'                /* do $subref () */
1071                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1072                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1073                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1074                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1075                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1076                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1077                         }
1078         |       DO scalar lpar_or_qw expr ')'           /* do $subref (@args) */
1079                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1080                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1081                                 $4,
1082                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1083                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1084                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1085                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1086                         }
1087
1088         ;
1089
1090 term    :       termbinop
1091         |       termunop
1092         |       anonymous
1093         |       termdo
1094         |       term '?' term ':' term
1095                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1096                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1097                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1098                         }
1099         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1100                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue($2,OP_REFGEN));
1101                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1102                         }
1103         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1104                         { $$ = $1; }
1105         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1106                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1107                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1108                         }
1109         |       '(' expr ')'
1110                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1111                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1112                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1113                         }
1114         |       QWLIST
1115                         { $$ = IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$1), $1); }
1116         |       '(' ')'
1117                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1118                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1119                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1120                         }
1121         |       scalar  %prec '('
1122                         { $$ = $1; }
1123         |       star    %prec '('
1124                         { $$ = $1; }
1125         |       hsh     %prec '('
1126                         { $$ = $1; }
1127         |       ary     %prec '('
1128                         { $$ = $1; }
1129         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1130                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1131         |       subscripted
1132                         { $$ = $1; }
1133         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1134                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1135                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1136                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1137                                         list($3),
1138                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1139                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1140                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1141                         }
1142         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1143                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1144                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1145                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1146                                         list($3),
1147                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1148                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1149                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1150                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1151                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1152                         }
1153         |       THING   %prec '('
1154                         { $$ = $1; }
1155         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1156                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1157         |       amper lpar_or_qw ')'                 /* &foo() */
1158                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1159                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1160                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1161                         }
1162         |       amper lpar_or_qw expr ')'            /* &foo(@args) */
1163                         {
1164                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1165                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1166                           DO_MAD({
1167                               OP* op = $$;
1168                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1169                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1170                               }
1171                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1172                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1173                           })
1174                         }
1175         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
1176                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1177                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1178                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1179                         }
1180         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1181                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1182                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1183                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1184                         }
1185         |       LOOPEX term
1186                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1187                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1188                         }
1189         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
1190                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1191                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1192                         }
1193         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1194                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1195                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1196                         }
1197         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1198                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1199                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1200                         }
1201         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1202                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1203                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1204                         }
1205         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
1206                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1207                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1208                         }
1209         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
1210                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1211                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1212                         }
1213         |       UNIOPSUB
1214                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1215         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1216                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1217                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1218         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1219                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1220                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1221                         }
1222         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1223                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1224                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1225                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1226                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1227                         }
1228         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1229                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1230                                 scalar($1)); }
1231         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1232                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1233                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1234                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1235
1236                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1237                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1238                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1239                         }
1240         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1241                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1242                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1243                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1244                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1245                         }
1246         |       PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')'          /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1247                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1248                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1249                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1250                         }
1251         |       WORD
1252         |       listop
1253         |       YADAYADA
1254                         {
1255                           $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1256                                 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1257                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'X');
1258                         }
1259         |       PLUGEXPR
1260         ;
1261
1262 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1263 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1264                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1265                           DO_MAD(
1266                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1267                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1268                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1269                           )
1270                         }
1271         |       MY myterm
1272                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1273                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1274                         }
1275         ;
1276
1277 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1278 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1279                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1280                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1281                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1282                         }
1283         |       '(' ')'
1284                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1285                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1286                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1287                         }
1288         |       scalar  %prec '('
1289                         { $$ = $1; }
1290         |       hsh     %prec '('
1291                         { $$ = $1; }
1292         |       ary     %prec '('
1293                         { $$ = $1; }
1294         ;
1295
1296 /* Basic list expressions */
1297 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1298                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1299         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1300                         { $$ = $1; }
1301         ;
1302
1303 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
1304                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1305         |       expr
1306                         { $$ = $1; }
1307         ;
1308
1309 lpar_or_qw:     '('
1310                         { $$ = $1; }
1311         |       QWLIST
1312                         { munge_qwlist_to_paren_list($1); }
1313                 '('
1314                         { $$ = $3; }
1315         ;
1316
1317 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1318    lexical */
1319 my_scalar:      scalar
1320                         { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1321         ;
1322
1323 amper   :       '&' indirob
1324                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1325                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1326                         }
1327         ;
1328
1329 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1330                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1331                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1332                         }
1333         ;
1334
1335 ary     :       '@' indirob
1336                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1337                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1338                         }
1339         ;
1340
1341 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1342                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1343                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1344                         }
1345         ;
1346
1347 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1348                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1349                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1350                         }
1351         ;
1352
1353 star    :       '*' indirob
1354                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1355                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1356                         }
1357         ;
1358
1359 /* Indirect objects */
1360 indirob :       WORD
1361                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1362         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1363                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1364         |       block
1365                         { $$ = op_scope($1); }
1366
1367         |       PRIVATEREF
1368                         { $$ = $1; }
1369         ;