5 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.15.5
9 This document describes differences between the 5.15.4 release and
12 If you are upgrading from an earlier release such as 5.15.3, first read
13 L<perl5154delta>, which describes differences between 5.15.3 and
16 =head1 Core Enhancements
18 =head2 More consistent C<eval>
20 The C<eval> operator sometimes treats a string argument as a sequence of
21 characters and sometimes as a sequence of bytes, depending on the internal
22 encoding. The internal encoding is not supposed to make any difference,
23 but there is code that relies on this inconsistency.
25 Under C<use v5.15> and higher, the C<unicode_eval> and C<evalbytes>
26 features resolve this. The C<unicode_eval> feature causes C<eval $string>
27 to treat the string always as Unicode. The C<evalbytes> features provides
28 a function, itself called C<evalbytes>, which evaluates its argument always
31 These features also fix oddities with source filters leaking to outer
34 See L<feature> for more detail.
38 The C<$[> variable is back again, but is now implemented as a module, so
39 programs that do not mention it (i.e., most of them), will not incur any
40 run-time penalty. In a later release in the 5.15 branch it might be
41 disabled in the scope of C<use v5.16>.
43 The new implementation has some bug fixes. See L<arybase>.
47 =head2 Privileges are now set correctly when assigning to C<$(>
49 A hypothetical bug (probably non-exploitable in practice) due to the
50 incorrect setting of the effective group ID while setting C<$(> has been
51 fixed. The bug would only have affected systems that have C<setresgid()>
52 but not C<setregid()>, but no such systems are known of.
54 =head1 Incompatible Changes
56 =head2 Certain deprecated Unicode properties are no longer supported by default
58 Perl should never have exposed certain Unicode properties that are used
59 by Unicode internally and not meant to be publicly available. Use of
60 these has generated deprecated warning messages since Perl 5.12. The
61 removed properties are Other_Alphabetic,
62 Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point, Other_Grapheme_Extend,
63 Other_ID_Continue, Other_ID_Start, Other_Lowercase, Other_Math, and
66 Perl may be recompiled to include any or all of them; instructions are
68 L<perluniprops/Unicode character properties that are NOT accepted by Perl>.
70 =head2 Dereferencing IO thingies as typeglobs
72 The C<*{...}> operator, when passed a reference to an IO thingy (as in
73 C<*{*STDIN{IO}}>), creates a new typeglob containing just that IO object.
75 Previously, it would stringify as an empty string, but some operators would
76 treat it as undefined, producing an "uninitialized" warning.
78 Having a typeglob appear as an empty string is a side effect of the
79 implementation that has caused various bugs over the years.
81 The solution was to make it stringify like a normal anonymous typeglob,
82 like those produced by C<< open($foo->{bar}, ...) >> [perl #96326].
86 =head2 Don't read the Unicode data base files in F<lib/unicore>
88 It is now deprecated to directly read the Unicode data base files.
89 These are stored in the F<lib/unicore> directory. Instead, you should
90 use the new functions in L<Unicode::UCD>. These provide a stable API,
91 and give complete information. (This API is, however, subject to change
92 somewhat during the 5.15 development cycle, as we gain experience and
93 get feedback from using it.)
95 Perl may at some point in the future change or remove the files. The
96 file most likely for applications to have used is F<lib/unicore/ToDigit.pl>.
97 L<Unicode::UCD/prop_invmap()> can be used to get at its data instead.
99 =head1 Performance Enhancements
105 Due to changes in L<File::Glob>, Perl's C<glob> function and its
106 C<< <...> >> equivalent are now much faster. The splitting of the pattern
107 into words has been rewritten in C, resulting in speed-ups of 20% in some
110 This does not affect VMS, as it does not use File::Glob.
114 =head1 Modules and Pragmata
116 =head2 New Modules and Pragmata
122 L<arybase> -- this new module implements the C<$[> variable.
126 =head2 Updated Modules and Pragmata
132 L<Archive::Extract> has been upgraded from version 0.56 to version 0.58.
136 L<B::Concise> has been upgraded from version 0.86 to version 0.87.
140 L<B::Deparse> has been upgraded from version 1.08 to version 1.09.
142 It now correctly deparses C<CORE::do>, C<CORE::glob> and slices of empty
147 L<CGI> has been upgraded from version 3.55 to version 3.58.
149 Use public and documented FCGI.pm API in CGI::Fast
150 CGI::Fast was using an FCGI API that was deprecated and removed from
151 documentation more than ten years ago. Usage of this deprecated API with
152 FCGI E<gt>= 0.70 or FCGI E<lt>= 0.73 introduces a security issue.
153 L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=68380>
154 L<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2011-2766>
158 L<charnames> has been upgraded from version 1.23 to version 1.24.
162 L<Compress::Raw::Bzip2> has been upgraded from version 2.037 to version 2.042.
166 L<Compress::Raw::Zlib> has been upgraded from version 2.037 to version 2.042.
170 L<Compress::Zlib> has been upgraded from version 2.037 to version 2.042.
174 L<CPANPLUS> has been upgraded from version 0.9111 to version 0.9112.
178 L<CPANPLUS::Dist::Build> has been upgraded from version 0.58 to version 0.60.
182 L<Digest::SHA> has been upgraded from version 5.62 to version 5.63.
184 Added code to allow very large data inputs all at once, which had previously been
185 limited to several hundred megabytes at a time
189 L<Errno> has been upgraded from version 1.14 to version 1.15.
191 Choosing an archname containing a @, $ or % character no longer results in
192 unintended interpolation in Errno's architecture check.
196 L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> has been upgraded from version 6.61_01 to version 6.63_02.
200 L<feature> has been upgraded from version 1.22 to version 1.23.
204 L<File::DosGlob> has been upgraded from version 1.05 to version 1.06.
208 L<File::Glob> has been upgraded from version 1.13 to version 1.14.
210 It has a new C<:bsd_glob> export tag, intended to replace C<:glob>. Like
211 C<:glob> it overrides C<glob> with a function that does not split the glob
212 pattern into words, but, unlike C<:glob>, it iterates properly in scalar
213 context, instead of returning the last file.
215 There are other changes affecting Perl's own C<glob> operator (which uses
216 File::Glob internally, except on VMS). See L</Performance Enhancements>
217 and L</Selected Bug Fixes>.
221 L<HTTP::Tiny> has been upgraded from version 0.013 to version 0.016.
223 Adds additional shorthand methods for all common HTTP verbs,
224 a C<post_form()> method for POST-ing x-www-form-urlencoded data and
225 a C<www_form_urlencode()> utility method.
229 L<Module::CoreList> has been upgraded from version 2.57 to version 2.58.
233 L<Opcode> has been upgraded from version 1.20 to version 1.21.
237 L<perlfaq> has been upgraded from version 5.0150035 to version 5.0150036.
241 L<Socket> as been upgraded from version 1.94_01 to 1.94_02.
243 It has new functions and constants for handling IPv6 sockets:
259 L<Storable> has been upgraded from version 2.32 to 2.33.
261 The ability to add a fake entry to %INC to prevent Log::Agent from loading
262 has been restored. In version 2.27 (included with perl 5.14.0), Storable
263 starting producing an error instead.
267 L<strict> has been upgraded from version 1.04 to version 1.05.
271 L<Unicode::Collate> has been upgraded from version 0.80 to version 0.85.
273 Locales updated to CLDR 2.0: mk, mt, nb, nn, ro, ru, sk, sr, sv, uk,
274 zh__pinyin, zh__stroke
275 Newly supported locales: bn, fa, ml, mr, or, pa, sa, si, si__dictionary,
276 sr_Latn, sv__reformed, ta, te, th, ur, wae.
280 L<Unicode::UCD> has been upgraded from version 0.36 to version 0.37.
282 This adds four new functions: C<prop_aliases()>, and
283 C<prop_value_aliases()> which are used to find all the Unicode-approved
284 synonyms for property names, or to convert from one name to another;
285 C<prop_invlist> which returns all the code points matching a given
286 Unicode binary property; and C<prop_invmap> which returns the complete
287 specification of a given Unicode property.
291 L<UNIVERSAL> has been upgraded from version 1.09 to version 1.10.
297 The following additions or changes have been made to diagnostic output,
298 including warnings and fatal error messages. For the complete list of
299 diagnostic messages, see L<perldiag>.
301 =head2 New Diagnostics
309 L<Source filters apply only to byte streams|perldiag/"Source filters apply only to byte streams">
311 This new error occurs when you try to activate a source filter (usually by
312 loading a source filter module) within a string passed to C<eval> under the
313 C<unicode_eval> feature.
317 L<That use of $[ is unsupported|perldiag/"That use of $[ is unsupported">
319 This previously removed error has been restored with the re-implementation
320 of C<$[> as a module.
330 L<length() used on %s|perldiag/length() used on %s>
332 This new warning occurs when C<length> is used on an array or hash, instead
333 of C<scalar(@array)> or C<scalar(keys %hash)>.
337 L<$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)|perldiag/"$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)">
339 This new warning exists to catch the mistaken use of C<$[> in version
340 checks. C<$]>, not C<$[>, contains the version number. C<$[> in a numeric
341 comparison is almost always wrong.
345 L<Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated|perldiag/"Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated">
347 This previously removed warning has been restored with the re-implementation
348 of C<$[> as a module.
352 =head2 Changes to Existing Diagnostics
358 The uninitialized warning for C<y///r> when C<$_> is implicit and undefined
359 now mentions the variable name, just like the non-/r variation of the
364 The "Applying pattern match..." or similar warning produced when an array
365 or hash is on the left-hand side of the C<=~> operator now mentions the
366 name of the variable.
370 =head1 Configuration and Compilation
376 F<pod/buildtoc>, used by the build process to build L<perltoc>, has been
377 refactored and simplified. It now only contains code to build L<perltoc>;
378 the code to regenerate Makefiles has been moved to F<Porting/pod_rules.pl>.
379 It's a bug if this change has any material effect on the build process.
383 =head1 Platform Support
385 =head2 Platform-Specific Notes
391 Numerous build and test failures on GNU/Hurd have been resolved with hints
392 for building DBM modules, detection of the library search path, and enabling
393 of large file support.
397 Perl is now built with dynamic linking on OpenVOS, the minimum supported
398 version of which is now Release 17.1.0.
402 The CC workshop C++ compiler is now detected and used on systems that ship
407 =head1 Internal Changes
413 C<PL_curstash> is now reference-counted.
417 =head1 Selected Bug Fixes
423 Perl now holds an extra reference count on the package that code is
424 currently compiling in. This means that the following code no longer crashes [perl #101486]:
427 BEGIN {*Foo:: = *Bar::}
432 F<dumpvar.pl>, and consequently the C<x> command in the debugger, have been
433 fixed to handle objects blessed into classes whose names contain "=". The
434 contents of such objects used not to be dumped [perl #101814].
438 The C<x> repetition operator no longer crashes on 64-bit builds with large
439 repeat counts [perl #94560].
443 A fix to C<glob> under miniperl (used to configure modules when perl itself
444 is built) in Perl 5.15.3 stopped C<< <~> >> from returning the home
445 directory, because it cleared %ENV before calling csh. Now C<$ENV{HOME}>
446 is preserved. This fix probably does not affect anything. If
447 L<File::Glob> fails to load for some reason, Perl reverts to using csh.
448 So it would apply in that case.
452 On OSes other than VMS, Perl's C<glob> operator (and the C<< <...> >> form)
453 use L<File::Glob> underneath. L<File::Glob> splits the pattern into words,
454 before feeding each word to its C<bsd_glob> function.
456 There were several inconsistencies in the way the split was done. Now
457 quotation marks (' and ") are always treated as shell-style word delimiters
458 (that allow whitespace as part of a word) and backslashes are always
459 preserved, unless they exist to escape quotation marks. Before, those
460 would only sometimes be the case, depending on whether the pattern
461 contained whitespace. Also, escaped whitespace at the end of the pattern
462 is no longer stripped [perl #40470].
466 C<CORE::glob> now works as a way to call the default globbing function. It
467 used to respect overrides, despite the C<CORE::> prefix.
471 In 5.14, C</[[:lower:]]/i> and C</[[:upper:]]/i> no longer matched the
472 opposite case. This has been fixed [perl #101970].
476 A regular expression match with an overloaded object on the right-hand side
477 would in some cases stringify the object too many times.
481 The C-level C<pregcomp> function could become confused as to whether the
482 pattern was in UTF8 if the pattern was an overloaded, tied, or otherwise
483 magical scalar [perl #101940].
487 A regression has been fixed that was introduced in 5.14, in C</i>
488 regular expression matching, in which a match improperly fails if the
489 pattern is in UTF-8, the target string is not, and a Latin-1 character
490 precedes a character in the string that should match the pattern. [perl
495 C<@{"..."} = reverse ...> started crashing in 5.15.3. This has been fixed.
499 C<ref> in a tainted expression started producing an "sv_upgrade" error in
500 5.15.4. This has been fixed.
504 Weak references to lexical hashes going out of scope were not going stale
505 (becoming undefined), but continued to point to the hash.
509 Weak references to lexical variables going out of scope are now broken
510 before any magical methods (e.g., DESTROY on a tie object) are called.
511 This prevents such methods from modifying the variable that will be seen
512 the next time the scope is entered.
516 A C<keys> optimisation in Perl 5.12.0 to make it faster on empty hashes
517 caused C<each> not to reset the iterator if called after the last element
518 was deleted. This has been fixed.
522 The C<#line 42 foo> directive used not to update the arrays of lines used
523 by the debugger if it occurred in a string eval. This was partially fixed
524 in 5.14, but it only worked for a single C<#line 42 foo> in each eval. Now
525 it works for multiple.
529 String eval used not to localise C<%^H> when compiling its argument if it
530 was empty at the time the C<eval> call itself was compiled. This could
531 lead to scary side effects, like C<use re "/m"> enabling other flags that
532 the surrounding code was trying to enable for its caller [perl #68750].
536 Creating a BEGIN block from XS code (via C<newXS> or C<newATTRSUB>) would,
537 on completion, make the hints of the current compiling code the current
538 hints. This could cause warnings to occur in a non-warning scope.
542 C<eval $string> and C<require> no longer localise hints (C<$^H> and C<%^H>)
543 at run time, but only during compilation of the $string or required file.
544 This makes C<BEGIN { $^H{foo}=7 }> equivalent to
545 C<BEGIN { eval '$^H{foo}=7' }> [perl #70151].
549 When subroutine calls are intercepted by the debugger, the name of the
550 subroutine or a reference to it is stored in C<$DB::sub>, for the debugger
551 to access. In some cases (such as C<$foo = *bar; undef *bar; &$foo>)
552 C<$DB::sub> would be set to a name that could not be used to find the
553 subroutine, and so the debugger's attempt to call it would fail. Now the
554 check to see whether a reference is needed is more robust, so those
555 problems should not happen anymore [rt.cpan.org #69862].
559 Localising a tied scalar that returns a typeglob no longer stops it from
560 being tied till the end of the scope.
564 When C<open> is called with three arguments, the third being a file handle
565 (as in C<< open $fh, ">&", $fh2 >>), if the third argument is tied or a
566 reference to a tied variable, FETCH is now called exactly once, instead of
567 0, 2, or 3 times (all of which could occur in various circumstances).
571 C<sort> no longer ignores FETCH when passed a reference to a tied glob for
572 the comparison routine.
576 Warnings emitted by C<sort> when a custom comparison routine returns a
577 non-numeric value now show the line number of the C<sort> operator, rather
578 than the last line of the comparison routine. The warnings also occur now
579 only if warnings are enabled in the scope where C<sort> occurs. Previously
580 the warnings would occur if enabled in the comparison routine's scope.
584 C<Internals::SvREFCNT> now behaves consistently in 'get' and 'set' scenarios
585 [perl #103222] and also treats the reference count as unsigned.
589 Calling C<require> on an implicit C<$_> when C<*CORE::GLOBAL::require> has
590 been overridden does not segfault anymore, and C<$_> is now passed to the
591 overriding subroutine [perl #78260].
595 =head1 Acknowledgements
597 XXX Generate this with:
599 perl Porting/acknowledgements.pl v5.15.4..HEAD
601 =head1 Reporting Bugs
603 If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles
604 recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl
605 bug database at http://rt.perl.org/perlbug/ . There may also be
606 information at http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page.
608 If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the L<perlbug>
609 program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down
610 to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the
611 output of C<perl -V>, will be sent off to perlbug@perl.org to be
612 analysed by the Perl porting team.
614 If the bug you are reporting has security implications, which make it
615 inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then please send
616 it to perl5-security-report@perl.org. This points to a closed subscription
617 unarchived mailing list, which includes
618 all the core committers, who will be able
619 to help assess the impact of issues, figure out a resolution, and help
620 co-ordinate the release of patches to mitigate or fix the problem across all
621 platforms on which Perl is supported. Please only use this address for
622 security issues in the Perl core, not for modules independently
627 The F<Changes> file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details
630 The F<INSTALL> file for how to build Perl.
632 The F<README> file for general stuff.
634 The F<Artistic> and F<Copying> files for copyright information.