perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *    Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
   5  *
   6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   8  *
   9  */
  10
  11 /*
  12  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  13  *  All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  14  *
  15  *     [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
  16  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  20  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  21  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  22  *
  23  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  24  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  25  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  26  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  27  *
  28  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  29  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  30  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  31  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  32  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  33  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  34  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  35  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  36  *
  37  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  38  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  39  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  40  *
  41  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  42  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  43  * an action.
  44  */
  45
  46 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  47
  48 %pure_parser
  49
  50 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  51
  52 %start grammar
  53
  54 %union {
  55     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  56                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  57     char *pval;
  58     OP *opval;
  59     GV *gvval;
  60 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  61     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  62     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  63 #else
  64     char *p_tkval;
  65     I32 i_tkval;
  66 #endif
  67 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  68     TOKEN* tkval;
  69 #endif
  70 }
  71
  72 %token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ
  73
  74 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';' '=' '.'
  75
  76 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
  77 %token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  78 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
  79 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  80 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  81 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  82 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  83 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
  84 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  85 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  86 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  87 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  88 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR FORMLBRACK FORMRBRACK
  89
  90 %type <ival> grammar remember mremember
  91 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  92 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  93 %type <ival> mintro
  94
  95 %type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
  96 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  97 %type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
  98 %type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr indirob listop method
  99 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar formblock
 100 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
 101 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
 102 %type <opval> formstmtseq formline formarg
 103
 104 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 105 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 106
 107 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 108 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 109 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 110 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 111 %left <i_tkval> ','
 112 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 113 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 114 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
 115 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 116 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 117 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 118 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 119 %nonassoc EQOP
 120 %nonassoc RELOP
 121 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 122 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 123 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 124 %left ADDOP
 125 %left MULOP
 126 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 127 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 128 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 129 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 130 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 131 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 132 %left <i_tkval> '('
 133 %left '[' '{'
 134
 135 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 136
 137 %% /* RULES */
 138
 139 /* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
 140 grammar :       GRAMPROG
 141                         {
 142                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 143                         }
 144                 remember stmtseq
 145                         {
 146                           newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
 147                           $$ = 0;
 148                         }
 149         |       GRAMEXPR
 150                         {
 151                           parser->expect = XTERM;
 152                         }
 153                 optexpr
 154                         {
 155                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 156                           $$ = 0;
 157                         }
 158         |       GRAMBLOCK
 159                         {
 160                           parser->expect = XBLOCK;
 161                         }
 162                 block
 163                         {
 164                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 165                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 166                           $$ = 0;
 167                           yyunlex();
 168                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 169                         }
 170         |       GRAMBARESTMT
 171                         {
 172                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 173                         }
 174                 barestmt
 175                         {
 176                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 177                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 178                           $$ = 0;
 179                           yyunlex();
 180                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 181                         }
 182         |       GRAMFULLSTMT
 183                         {
 184                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 185                         }
 186                 fullstmt
 187                         {
 188                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 189                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 190                           $$ = 0;
 191                           yyunlex();
 192                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 193                         }
 194         |       GRAMSTMTSEQ
 195                         {
 196                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 197                         }
 198                 stmtseq
 199                         {
 200                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 201                           $$ = 0;
 202                         }
 203         ;
 204
 205 /* An ordinary block */
 206 block   :       '{' remember stmtseq '}'
 207                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 208                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 209                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 210                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 211                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 212                         }
 213         ;
 214
 215 /* format body */
 216 formblock:      '=' remember ';' FORMRBRACK formstmtseq ';' '.'
 217                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 218                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 219                           $$ = block_end($2, $5);
 220                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 221                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,'}');
 222                         }
 223         ;
 224
 225 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 226                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 227         ;
 228
 229 mblock  :       '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
 230                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 231                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 232                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 233                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 234                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 235                         }
 236         ;
 237
 238 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 239                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 240         ;
 241
 242 /* A sequence of statements in the program */
 243 stmtseq :       /* NULL */
 244                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 245         |       stmtseq fullstmt
 246                         {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
 247                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 248                             if ($1 && $2)
 249                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 250                         }
 251         ;
 252
 253 /* A sequence of format lines */
 254 formstmtseq:    /* NULL */
 255                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 256         |       formstmtseq formline
 257                         {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
 258                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 259                             if ($1 && $2)
 260                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 261                         }
 262         ;
 263
 264 /* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
 265 fullstmt:       barestmt
 266                         {
 267                           if($1) {
 268                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $1);
 269                           } else {
 270                               $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), NULL);
 271                           }
 272                         }
 273         |       labfullstmt
 274                         { $$ = $1; }
 275         ;
 276
 277 labfullstmt:    LABEL barestmt
 278                         {
 279                           $$ = newSTATEOP(SvUTF8(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv),
 280                                         savepv(SvPVX(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv)), $2);
 281                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,
 282                               $2 ? cLISTOPx($$)->op_first : $$, 'L');
 283                         }
 284         |       LABEL labfullstmt
 285                         {
 286                           $$ = newSTATEOP(SvUTF8(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv),
 287                                         savepv(SvPVX(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv)), $2);
 288                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1, cLISTOPx($$)->op_first, 'L');
 289                         }
 290         ;
 291
 292 /* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
 293 barestmt:       PLUGSTMT
 294                         { $$ = $1; }
 295         |       PEG
 296                         {
 297                           $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 298                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 299                         }
 300         |       FORMAT startformsub formname formblock
 301                         {
 302                           CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
 303 #ifdef MAD
 304                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 305                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 306                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 307                           token_free($1);
 308 #else
 309                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 310                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 311 #endif
 312                           if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
 313                               SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(fmtcv);
 314                               pad_add_anon(fmtcv, OP_NULL);
 315                           }
 316                         }
 317         |       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 318                         {
 319                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 320 #ifdef MAD
 321                           {
 322                               OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 323                                 (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 324                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 325                               op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 326                               op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 327                               op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 328                               op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 329                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 330                               append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 331                               $6->op_madprop = 0;
 332                           }
 333 #else
 334                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 335                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 336 #endif
 337                         }
 338         |       MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 339                         {
 340                           /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 341                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 342 #ifdef MAD
 343                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 344                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 345 #else
 346                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 347                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 348 #endif
 349                         }
 350         |       PACKAGE WORD WORD ';'
 351                         {
 352 #ifdef MAD
 353                           $$ = package($3);
 354                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 355                           if ($2)
 356                               package_version($2);
 357                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
 358 #else
 359                           package($3);
 360                           if ($2)
 361                               package_version($2);
 362                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 363 #endif
 364                         }
 365         |       USE startsub
 366                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 367                 WORD WORD optlistexpr ';'
 368                         {
 369                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 370 #ifdef MAD
 371                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 372                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 373                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 374                           if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
 375                                       AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 376                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_NULL, NULL, 0), $$, 0);
 377 #else
 378                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 379                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 380 #endif
 381                         }
 382         |       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 383                         {
 384                           $$ = block_end($3,
 385                               newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
 386                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 387                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 388                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 389                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 390                         }
 391         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 392                         {
 393                           $$ = block_end($3,
 394                               newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
 395                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 396                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 397                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 398                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 399                         }
 400         |       GIVEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 401                         {
 402                           const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
 403                           $$ = block_end($3,
 404                                   newGIVENOP($4, op_scope($6),
 405                                     offset == NOT_IN_PAD
 406                                     || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)
 407                                       ? 0
 408                                       : offset));
 409                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 410                         }
 411         |       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 412                         { $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
 413         |       DEFAULT block
 414                         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
 415         |       WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 416                         {
 417                           $$ = block_end($3,
 418                                   newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 419                                       $4, $7, $8, $6));
 420                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 421                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 422                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 423                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 424                         }
 425         |       UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 426                         {
 427                           $$ = block_end($3,
 428                                   newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 429                                       $4, $7, $8, $6));
 430                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 431                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 432                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 433                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 434                         }
 435         |       FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 436                 mblock
 437                         {
 438                           OP *initop = IF_MAD($4 ? $4 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0), $4);
 439                           OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 440                                       scalar($6), $11, $9, $8);
 441                           if (initop) {
 442                               forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
 443                                   op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 444                                       newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
 445                                       forop));
 446                           }
 447                           DO_MAD({ forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, forop); })
 448                           $$ = block_end($3, forop);
 449                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'3');
 450                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 451                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'1');
 452                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,'2');
 453                           TOKEN_GETMAD($10,$$,')');
 454                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 455                         }
 456         |       FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 457                         {
 458                           $$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
 459                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 460                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'d');
 461                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'(');
 462                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,')');
 463                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 464                         }
 465         |       FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 466                         {
 467                           $$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
 468                                       op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
 469                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 470                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 471                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 472                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 473                         }
 474         |       FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 475                         {
 476                           $$ = block_end($3,
 477                                   newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $4, $6, $7));
 478                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 479                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 480                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 481                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 482                         }
 483         |       block cont
 484                         {
 485                           /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 486                           $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 487                                   (OP*)NULL, $1, $2, 0);
 488                         }
 489         |       PACKAGE WORD WORD '{' remember
 490                         {
 491                           package($3);
 492                           if ($2) {
 493                               package_version($2);
 494                           }
 495                         }
 496                 stmtseq '}'
 497                         {
 498                           /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 499                           $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 500                                   (OP*)NULL, block_end($5, $7), (OP*)NULL, 0);
 501                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'{');
 502                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,$$,'}');
 503                           if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($4))
 504                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($4);
 505                         }
 506         |       sideff ';'
 507                         {
 508                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 509                           $$ = $1;
 510                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 511                         }
 512         |       ';'
 513                         {
 514                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 515                           $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), (OP*)NULL);
 516                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 517                           PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
 518                         }
 519         ;
 520
 521 /* Format line */
 522 formline:       THING formarg
 523                         { OP *list;
 524                           if ($2) {
 525                               OP *term = $2;
 526                               DO_MAD(term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term));
 527                               list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 528                           }
 529                           else {
 530 #ifdef MAD
 531                               OP *op = newNULLLIST();
 532                               list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 533 #else
 534                               list = $1;
 535 #endif
 536                           }
 537                           if (PL_parser->copline == NOLINE)
 538                                PL_parser->copline = CopLINE(PL_curcop)-1;
 539                           else PL_parser->copline--;
 540                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
 541                                           convert(OP_FORMLINE, 0, list));
 542                         }
 543         ;
 544
 545 formarg :       /* NULL */
 546                         { $$ = NULL; }
 547         |       FORMLBRACK stmtseq FORMRBRACK
 548                         { $$ = op_unscope($2); }
 549         ;
 550
 551 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 552 sideff  :       error
 553                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 554         |       expr
 555                         { $$ = $1; }
 556         |       expr IF expr
 557                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 558                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 559                         }
 560         |       expr UNLESS expr
 561                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 562                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 563                         }
 564         |       expr WHILE expr
 565                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 566                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 567                         }
 568         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 569                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 570                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 571                         }
 572         |       expr FOR expr
 573                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
 574                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 575                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 576                         }
 577         |       expr WHEN expr
 578                         { $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
 579         ;
 580
 581 /* else and elsif blocks */
 582 else    :       /* NULL */
 583                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 584         |       ELSE mblock
 585                         {
 586                           ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
 587                           $$ = op_scope($2);
 588                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 589                         }
 590         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 591                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 592                             $$ = newCONDOP(0,
 593                                 newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
 594                                 op_scope($5), $6);
 595                           PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 596                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 597                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 598                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 599                         }
 600         ;
 601
 602 /* Continue blocks */
 603 cont    :       /* NULL */
 604                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 605         |       CONTINUE block
 606                         {
 607                           $$ = op_scope($2);
 608                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 609                         }
 610         ;
 611
 612 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 613 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 614                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 615                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 616                           intro_my(); }
 617
 618 /* Normal expression */
 619 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 620                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 621         |       sideff
 622         ;
 623
 624 /* Boolean expression */
 625 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 626                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 627                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 628                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 629         |       expr
 630         ;
 631
 632 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 633 iexpr   :       expr
 634                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 635         ;
 636
 637 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 638 mexpr   :       expr
 639                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 640         ;
 641
 642 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 643                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 644         ;
 645
 646 miexpr  :       iexpr
 647                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 648         ;
 649
 650 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 651         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 652         ;
 653
 654 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 655                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 656                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 657
 658         ;
 659
 660 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 661                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 662                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 663         ;
 664
 665 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 666                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 667                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 668         ;
 669
 670 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 671 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 672                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 673                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 674                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 675                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 676                           $$ = $1; }
 677         ;
 678
 679 /* Subroutine prototype */
 680 proto   :       /* NULL */
 681                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 682         |       THING
 683         ;
 684
 685 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 686 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 687                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 688         |       COLONATTR THING
 689                         { $$ = $2;
 690                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 691                         }
 692         |       COLONATTR
 693                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 694                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 695                                     (OP*)NULL
 696                                 );
 697                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 698                         }
 699         ;
 700
 701 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 702 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 703                         { $$ = $2;
 704                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 705                         }
 706         |       COLONATTR
 707                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 708                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 709                                     (OP*)NULL
 710                                 );
 711                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 712                         }
 713         ;
 714
 715 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 716 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 717         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 718                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 719                                     (OP*)NULL
 720                                 );
 721                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 722                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 723                         }
 724         ;
 725
 726 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 727 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 728                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 729                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 730                         }
 731         |       expr OROP expr
 732                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 733                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 734                         }
 735         |       expr DOROP expr
 736                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 737                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 738                         }
 739         |       listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 740         ;
 741
 742 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 743 listexpr:       listexpr ','
 744                         {
 745 #ifdef MAD
 746                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 747                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 748                           $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 749 #else
 750                           $$ = $1;
 751 #endif
 752                         }
 753         |       listexpr ',' term
 754                         {
 755                           OP* term = $3;
 756                           DO_MAD(
 757                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 758                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 759                           )
 760                           $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 761                         }
 762         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 763         ;
 764
 765 /* List operators */
 766 listop  :       LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 767                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 768                                 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 769                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 770                         }
 771         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 772                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 773                                 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 774                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 775                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 776                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 777                         }
 778         |       term ARROW method '(' optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 779                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 780                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 781                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 782                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 783                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 784                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 785                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 786                         }
 787         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 788                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 789                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 790                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 791                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 792                         }
 793         |       METHOD indirob optlistexpr           /* new Class @args */
 794                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 795                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 796                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 797                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 798                         }
 799         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')'    /* method $object (@args) */
 800                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 801                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 802                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 803                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 804                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 805                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 806                         }
 807         |       LSTOP optlistexpr                    /* print @args */
 808                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 809                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 810                         }
 811         |       FUNC '(' optexpr ')'                 /* print (@args) */
 812                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 813                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 814                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 815                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 816                         }
 817         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 818                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 819                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
 820                     optlistexpr         %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 821                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 822                                  op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 823                                    op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 824                         }
 825         ;
 826
 827 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 828 method  :       METHOD
 829         |       scalar
 830         ;
 831
 832 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 833 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 834                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 835                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 836                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 837                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 838                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 839                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 840                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 841                         }
 842         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 843                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 844                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 845                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 846                         }
 847         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 848                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 849                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 850                                         scalar($4));
 851                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 852                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 853                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 854                         }
 855         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 856                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 857                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 858                                         scalar($3));
 859                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 860                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 861                         }
 862         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo{bar();} */
 863                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 864                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 865                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 866                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 867                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 868                         }
 869         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 870                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 871                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 872                                         jmaybe($4));
 873                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 874                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 875                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 876                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 877                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 878                         }
 879         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 880                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 881                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 882                                         jmaybe($3));
 883                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 884                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 885                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 886                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 887                         }
 888         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 889                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 890                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 891                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 892                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 893                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 894                         }
 895         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 896                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 897                                    op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 898                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 899                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 900                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 901                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 902                         }
 903
 904         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 905                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 906                                    op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 907                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 908                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 909                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 910                         }
 911         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 912                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 913                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 914                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 915                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 916                         }
 917         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 918                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 919                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 920                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 921                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 922                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 923                         }
 924         |       QWLIST '[' expr ']'            /* list literal slice */
 925                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1);
 926                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 927                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 928                         }
 929         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 930                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
 931                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 932                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 933                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 934                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 935                         }
 936     ;
 937
 938 /* Binary operators between terms */
 939 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 940                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 941                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 942                         }
 943         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 944                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 945                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 946                         }
 947         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 948                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 949                                 scalar($1);
 950                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 951                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 952                         }
 953         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 954                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 955                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 956                         }
 957         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 958                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 959                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 960                         }
 961         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 962                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 963                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 964                         }
 965         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 966                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 967                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 968                         }
 969         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 970                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 971                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 972                         }
 973         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 974                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 975                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 976                         }
 977         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 978                         {
 979                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 980                           DO_MAD({
 981                               UNOP *op;
 982                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 983                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 984                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 985                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 986                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 987                             })
 988                         }
 989         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 990                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 991                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 992                         }
 993         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 994                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 995                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 996                         }
 997         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 998                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 999                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1000                         }
1001         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
1002                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
1003                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
1004                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
1005                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
1006                                 '~');
1007                         }
1008     ;
1009
1010 /* Unary operators and terms */
1011 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
1012                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
1013                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1014                         }
1015         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
1016                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
1017                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
1018                                     $2
1019                                 );
1020                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
1021                         }
1022         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
1023                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1024                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1025                         }
1026         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
1027                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
1028                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1029                         }
1030         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
1031                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
1032                                         op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
1033                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1034                         }
1035         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
1036                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
1037                                         op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
1038                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1039                         }
1040         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
1041                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1042                                         op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
1043                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1044                         }
1045         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
1046                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1047                                         op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
1048                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1049                         }
1050
1051     ;
1052
1053 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1054 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
1055                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
1056                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1057                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
1058                         }
1059         |       '[' ']'
1060                         { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
1061                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1062                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
1063                         }
1064         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1065                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
1066                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1067                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
1068                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1069                         }
1070         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1071                         { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1072                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1073                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1074                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1075                         }
1076         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1077                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1078                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1079                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1080                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1081                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1082                         }
1083
1084     ;
1085
1086 /* Things called with "do" */
1087 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1088                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1089                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1090                         }
1091         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1092                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($2));
1093                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1094                         }
1095         |       DO WORD '(' ')'                  /* do somesub() */
1096                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1097                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1098                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1099                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1100                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1101                                     scalar($2)
1102                                 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1103                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1104                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1105                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1106                         }
1107         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'             /* do somesub(@args) */
1108                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1109                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1110                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
1111                                 $4,
1112                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1113                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1114                                     scalar($2)
1115                                 )))); dep();
1116                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1117                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1118                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1119                         }
1120         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                /* do $subref () */
1121                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1122                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1123                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1124                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1125                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1126                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1127                         }
1128         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'           /* do $subref (@args) */
1129                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1130                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1131                                 $4,
1132                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1133                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1134                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1135                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1136                         }
1137
1138         ;
1139
1140 term    :       termbinop
1141         |       termunop
1142         |       anonymous
1143         |       termdo
1144         |       term '?' term ':' term
1145                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1146                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1147                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1148                         }
1149         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1150                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue($2,OP_REFGEN));
1151                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1152                         }
1153         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1154                         { $$ = $1; }
1155         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1156                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1157                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1158                         }
1159         |       '(' expr ')'
1160                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1161                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1162                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1163                         }
1164         |       QWLIST
1165                         { $$ = IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$1), $1); }
1166         |       '(' ')'
1167                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1168                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1169                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1170                         }
1171         |       scalar  %prec '('
1172                         { $$ = $1; }
1173         |       star    %prec '('
1174                         { $$ = $1; }
1175         |       hsh     %prec '('
1176                         { $$ = $1; }
1177         |       ary     %prec '('
1178                         { $$ = $1; }
1179         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1180                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1181         |       subscripted
1182                         { $$ = $1; }
1183         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1184                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1185                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1186                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1187                                         list($3),
1188                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1189                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1190                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1191                         }
1192         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1193                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1194                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1195                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1196                                         list($3),
1197                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1198                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1199                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1200                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1201                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1202                         }
1203         |       THING   %prec '('
1204                         { $$ = $1; }
1205         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1206                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1207         |       amper '(' ')'                 /* &foo() */
1208                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1209                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1210                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1211                         }
1212         |       amper '(' expr ')'            /* &foo(@args) */
1213                         {
1214                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1215                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1216                           DO_MAD({
1217                               OP* op = $$;
1218                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1219                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1220                               }
1221                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1222                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1223                           })
1224                         }
1225         |       NOAMP WORD optlistexpr               /* foo(@args) */
1226                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1227                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1228                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1229                         }
1230         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1231                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1232                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1233                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1234                         }
1235         |       LOOPEX term
1236                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1237                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1238                         }
1239         |       NOTOP listexpr                       /* not $foo */
1240                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1241                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1242                         }
1243         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1244                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1245                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1246                         }
1247         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1248                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1249                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1250                         }
1251         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1252                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1253                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1254                         }
1255         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
1256                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1257                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1258                         }
1259         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
1260                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1261                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1262                         }
1263         |       UNIOPSUB
1264                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1265         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1266                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1267                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1268         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1269                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1270                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1271                         }
1272         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1273                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1274                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1275                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1276                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1277                         }
1278         |       FUNC0OP       /* Same as above, but op created in toke.c */
1279                         { $$ = $1; }
1280         |       FUNC0OP '(' ')'
1281                         { $$ = $1;
1282                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1283                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1284                         }
1285         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1286                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1287                                 scalar($1)); }
1288         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1289                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1290                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1291                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1292
1293                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1294                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1295                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1296                         }
1297         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1298                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1299                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1300                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1301                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1302                         }
1303         |       PMFUNC /* m//, s///, qr//, tr/// */
1304                         {
1305                             if (   $1->op_type != OP_TRANS
1306                                 && $1->op_type != OP_TRANSR
1307                                 && (((PMOP*)$1)->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV))
1308                             {
1309                                 $<ival>$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
1310                                 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
1311                             } else
1312                                 $<ival>$ = 0;
1313                         }
1314                     '(' listexpr ')'
1315                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $4, 1, $<ival>2);
1316                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1317                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1318                         }
1319         |       WORD
1320         |       listop
1321         |       YADAYADA
1322                         {
1323                           $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1324                                 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1325                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'X');
1326                         }
1327         |       PLUGEXPR
1328         ;
1329
1330 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1331 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1332                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1333                           DO_MAD(
1334                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1335                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1336                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1337                           )
1338                         }
1339         |       MY myterm
1340                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1341                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1342                         }
1343         ;
1344
1345 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1346 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1347                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1348                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1349                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1350                         }
1351         |       '(' ')'
1352                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1353                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1354                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1355                         }
1356         |       scalar  %prec '('
1357                         { $$ = $1; }
1358         |       hsh     %prec '('
1359                         { $$ = $1; }
1360         |       ary     %prec '('
1361                         { $$ = $1; }
1362         ;
1363
1364 /* Basic list expressions */
1365 optlistexpr:    /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1366                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1367         |       listexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1368                         { $$ = $1; }
1369         ;
1370
1371 optexpr:        /* NULL */
1372                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1373         |       expr
1374                         { $$ = $1; }
1375         ;
1376
1377 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1378    lexical */
1379 my_scalar:      scalar
1380                         { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1381         ;
1382
1383 amper   :       '&' indirob
1384                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1385                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1386                         }
1387         ;
1388
1389 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1390                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1391                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1392                         }
1393         ;
1394
1395 ary     :       '@' indirob
1396                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1397                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1398                         }
1399         ;
1400
1401 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1402                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1403                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1404                         }
1405         ;
1406
1407 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1408                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1409                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1410                         }
1411         ;
1412
1413 star    :       '*' indirob
1414                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1415                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1416                         }
1417         ;
1418
1419 /* Indirect objects */
1420 indirob :       WORD
1421                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1422         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1423                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1424         |       block
1425                         { $$ = op_scope($1); }
1426
1427         |       PRIVATEREF
1428                         { $$ = $1; }
1429         ;