3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * He still hopefully carried some of his gear in his pack: a small tinder-box,
13 * two small shallow pans, the smaller fitting into the larger; inside them a
14 * wooden spoon, a short two-pronged fork and some skewers were stowed; and
15 * hidden at the bottom of the pack in a flat wooden box a dwindling treasure,
18 * [p.653 of _The Lord of the Rings_, IV/iv: "Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit"]
21 /* This file contains pp ("push/pop") functions that
22 * execute the opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function
23 * expects to find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its
24 * results onto the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure
25 * contains a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
27 * This particular file just contains pp_pack() and pp_unpack(). See the
28 * other pp*.c files for the rest of the pp_ functions.
32 #define PERL_IN_PP_PACK_C
35 /* Types used by pack/unpack */
37 e_no_len, /* no length */
38 e_number, /* number, [] */
42 typedef struct tempsym {
43 const char* patptr; /* current template char */
44 const char* patend; /* one after last char */
45 const char* grpbeg; /* 1st char of ()-group */
46 const char* grpend; /* end of ()-group */
47 I32 code; /* template code (!<>) */
48 I32 length; /* length/repeat count */
49 howlen_t howlen; /* how length is given */
50 int level; /* () nesting level */
51 U32 flags; /* /=4, comma=2, pack=1 */
52 /* and group modifiers */
53 STRLEN strbeg; /* offset of group start */
54 struct tempsym *previous; /* previous group */
57 #define TEMPSYM_INIT(symptr, p, e, f) \
59 (symptr)->patptr = (p); \
60 (symptr)->patend = (e); \
61 (symptr)->grpbeg = NULL; \
62 (symptr)->grpend = NULL; \
63 (symptr)->grpend = NULL; \
65 (symptr)->length = 0; \
66 (symptr)->howlen = e_no_len; \
67 (symptr)->level = 0; \
68 (symptr)->flags = (f); \
69 (symptr)->strbeg = 0; \
70 (symptr)->previous = NULL; \
78 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
81 U8 bytes[sizeof(long double)];
88 /* Maximum number of bytes to which a byte can grow due to upgrade */
92 * Offset for integer pack/unpack.
94 * On architectures where I16 and I32 aren't really 16 and 32 bits,
95 * which for now are all Crays, pack and unpack have to play games.
99 * These values are required for portability of pack() output.
100 * If they're not right on your machine, then pack() and unpack()
101 * wouldn't work right anyway; you'll need to apply the Cray hack.
102 * (I'd like to check them with #if, but you can't use sizeof() in
103 * the preprocessor.) --???
106 The appropriate SHORTSIZE, INTSIZE, LONGSIZE, and LONGLONGSIZE
107 defines are now in config.h. --Andy Dougherty April 1998
112 /* CROSSCOMPILE and MULTIARCH are going to affect pp_pack() and pp_unpack().
115 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16 || U32SIZE > SIZE32
116 # if BYTEORDER == 0x1234 || BYTEORDER == 0x12345678 /* little-endian */
117 # define OFF16(p) ((char*)(p))
118 # define OFF32(p) ((char*)(p))
120 # if BYTEORDER == 0x4321 || BYTEORDER == 0x87654321 /* big-endian */
121 # define OFF16(p) ((char*)(p) + (sizeof(U16) - SIZE16))
122 # define OFF32(p) ((char*)(p) + (sizeof(U32) - SIZE32))
124 ++++ bad cray byte order
128 # define OFF16(p) ((char *) (p))
129 # define OFF32(p) ((char *) (p))
132 #define PUSH16(utf8, cur, p, needs_swap) \
133 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, OFF16(p), SIZE16, needs_swap)
134 #define PUSH32(utf8, cur, p, needs_swap) \
135 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, OFF32(p), SIZE32, needs_swap)
137 #if BYTEORDER == 0x4321 || BYTEORDER == 0x87654321 /* big-endian */
138 # define NEEDS_SWAP(d) (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(d) == TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
139 #elif BYTEORDER == 0x1234 || BYTEORDER == 0x12345678 /* little-endian */
140 # define NEEDS_SWAP(d) (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(d) == TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN)
142 # error "Unsupported byteorder"
143 /* Need to add code here to re-instate mixed endian support.
144 NEEDS_SWAP would need to hold a flag indicating which action to
145 take, and S_reverse_copy and the code in uni_to_bytes would need
146 logic adding to deal with any mixed-endian transformations needed.
150 /* Only to be used inside a loop (see the break) */
151 #define SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, buf, len, datumtype, needs_swap) \
153 if (UNLIKELY(utf8)) { \
154 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &s, strend, \
155 (char *) (buf), len, datumtype)) break; \
157 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap)) \
158 S_reverse_copy(s, (char *) (buf), len); \
160 Copy(s, (char *) (buf), len, char); \
165 #define SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, p, datumtype, needs_swap) \
166 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, OFF16(p), SIZE16, datumtype, needs_swap)
168 #define SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, p, datumtype, needs_swap) \
169 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, OFF32(p), SIZE32, datumtype, needs_swap)
171 #define SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, var, datumtype, needs_swap) \
172 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, &(var), sizeof(var), datumtype, needs_swap)
174 #define PUSH_VAR(utf8, aptr, var, needs_swap) \
175 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, aptr, &(var), sizeof(var), needs_swap)
177 /* Avoid stack overflow due to pathological templates. 100 should be plenty. */
178 #define MAX_SUB_TEMPLATE_LEVEL 100
180 /* flags (note that type modifiers can also be used as flags!) */
181 #define FLAG_WAS_UTF8 0x40
182 #define FLAG_PARSE_UTF8 0x20 /* Parse as utf8 */
183 #define FLAG_UNPACK_ONLY_ONE 0x10
184 #define FLAG_DO_UTF8 0x08 /* The underlying string is utf8 */
185 #define FLAG_SLASH 0x04
186 #define FLAG_COMMA 0x02
187 #define FLAG_PACK 0x01
190 S_mul128(pTHX_ SV *sv, U8 m)
193 char *s = SvPV(sv, len);
196 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MUL128;
198 if (!strnEQ(s, "0000", 4)) { /* need to grow sv */
199 SV * const tmpNew = newSVpvs("0000000000");
201 sv_catsv(tmpNew, sv);
202 SvREFCNT_dec(sv); /* free old sv */
207 while (!*t) /* trailing '\0'? */
210 const U32 i = ((*t - '0') << 7) + m;
211 *(t--) = '0' + (char)(i % 10);
217 /* Explosives and implosives. */
219 #if 'I' == 73 && 'J' == 74
220 /* On an ASCII/ISO kind of system */
221 #define ISUUCHAR(ch) ((ch) >= ' ' && (ch) < 'a')
224 Some other sort of character set - use memchr() so we don't match
227 #define ISUUCHAR(ch) (memchr(PL_uuemap, (ch), sizeof(PL_uuemap)-1) || (ch) == ' ')
231 #define TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING 0x100
232 #define TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0x200
233 #define TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN 0x400
234 #define TYPE_IS_PACK 0x800
235 #define TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK (TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN|TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
236 #define TYPE_MODIFIERS(t) ((t) & ~0xFF)
237 #define TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(t) ((t) & 0xFF)
239 # define TYPE_ENDIANNESS(t) ((t) & TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
240 # define TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(t) ((t) & ~TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
242 # define ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES "sSiIlLqQjJfFdDpP("
244 #define PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM 0x80
245 #define PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE 0x40 /* Not a fixed size element */
246 #define PACK_SIZE_MASK 0x3F
248 #include "packsizetables.c"
251 S_reverse_copy(const char *src, char *dest, STRLEN len)
259 uni_to_byte(pTHX_ const char **s, const char *end, I32 datumtype)
262 UV val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) *s, end-*s, &retlen,
263 ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
264 /* We try to process malformed UTF-8 as much as possible (preferably with
265 warnings), but these two mean we make no progress in the string and
266 might enter an infinite loop */
267 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
268 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack",
269 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
271 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNPACK),
272 "Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack",
273 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
280 #define SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype) ((utf8) ? \
281 uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &(s), (strend), (datumtype)) : \
285 uni_to_bytes(pTHX_ const char **s, const char *end, const char *buf, int buf_len, I32 datumtype)
289 const char *from = *s;
291 const U32 flags = ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ?
292 UTF8_CHECK_ONLY : (UTF8_CHECK_ONLY | UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
293 const bool needs_swap = NEEDS_SWAP(datumtype);
295 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap))
298 for (;buf_len > 0; buf_len--) {
299 if (from >= end) return FALSE;
300 val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) from, end-from, &retlen, flags);
301 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0) {
302 from += UTF8SKIP(from);
304 } else from += retlen;
309 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap))
310 *(U8 *)--buf = (U8)val;
312 *(U8 *)buf++ = (U8)val;
314 /* We have enough characters for the buffer. Did we have problems ? */
317 /* Rewalk the string fragment while warning */
319 const int flags = ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY;
320 for (ptr = *s; ptr < from; ptr += UTF8SKIP(ptr)) {
321 if (ptr >= end) break;
322 utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) ptr, end-ptr, &retlen, flags);
324 if (from > end) from = end;
327 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(datumtype & TYPE_IS_PACK ?
328 WARN_PACK : WARN_UNPACK),
329 "Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in %s",
330 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype),
331 datumtype & TYPE_IS_PACK ? "pack" : "unpack");
338 next_uni_uu(pTHX_ const char **s, const char *end, I32 *out)
341 const UV val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) *s, end-*s, &retlen, UTF8_CHECK_ONLY);
342 if (val >= 0x100 || !ISUUCHAR(val) ||
343 retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0) {
347 *out = PL_uudmap[val] & 077;
353 S_bytes_to_uni(const U8 *start, STRLEN len, char *dest, const bool needs_swap) {
354 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BYTES_TO_UNI;
356 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap)) {
357 const U8 *p = start + len;
358 while (p-- > start) {
359 append_utf8_from_native_byte(*p, (U8 **) & dest);
362 const U8 * const end = start + len;
363 while (start < end) {
364 append_utf8_from_native_byte(*start, (U8 **) & dest);
371 #define PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, buf, len, needs_swap) \
373 if (UNLIKELY(utf8)) \
374 (cur) = S_bytes_to_uni((U8 *) buf, len, (cur), needs_swap); \
376 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap)) \
377 S_reverse_copy((char *)(buf), cur, len); \
379 Copy(buf, cur, len, char); \
384 #define GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, in_len) \
386 STRLEN glen = (in_len); \
387 if (utf8) glen *= UTF8_EXPAND; \
388 if ((cur) + glen >= (start) + SvLEN(cat)) { \
389 (start) = sv_exp_grow(cat, glen); \
390 (cur) = (start) + SvCUR(cat); \
394 #define PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur, buf, in_len) \
396 const STRLEN glen = (in_len); \
398 if (utf8) gl *= UTF8_EXPAND; \
399 if ((cur) + gl >= (start) + SvLEN(cat)) { \
401 SvCUR_set((cat), (cur) - (start)); \
402 (start) = sv_exp_grow(cat, gl); \
403 (cur) = (start) + SvCUR(cat); \
405 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, buf, glen, 0); \
408 #define PUSH_BYTE(utf8, s, byte) \
411 const U8 au8 = (byte); \
412 (s) = S_bytes_to_uni(&au8, 1, (s), 0); \
413 } else *(U8 *)(s)++ = (byte); \
416 /* Only to be used inside a loop (see the break) */
417 #define NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags) \
420 if (str >= end) break; \
421 val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) str, end-str, &retlen, utf8_flags); \
422 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0) { \
424 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack"); \
429 static const char *_action( const tempsym_t* symptr )
431 return (const char *)(( symptr->flags & FLAG_PACK ) ? "pack" : "unpack");
434 /* Returns the sizeof() struct described by pat */
436 S_measure_struct(pTHX_ tempsym_t* symptr)
440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEASURE_STRUCT;
442 while (next_symbol(symptr)) {
446 switch (symptr->howlen) {
448 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Within []-length '*' not allowed in %s",
452 /* e_no_len and e_number */
453 len = symptr->length;
457 size = packprops[TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(symptr->code)] & PACK_SIZE_MASK;
460 /* endianness doesn't influence the size of a type */
461 switch(TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(symptr->code)) {
463 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid type '%c' in %s",
464 (int)TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(symptr->code),
466 case '.' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
467 case '@' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
471 case 'U': /* XXXX Is it correct? */
474 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Within []-length '%c' not allowed in %s",
475 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(symptr->code),
482 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
483 symptr->patptr = savsym.grpbeg;
484 symptr->patend = savsym.grpend;
485 /* XXXX Theoretically, we need to measure many times at
486 different positions, since the subexpression may contain
487 alignment commands, but be not of aligned length.
488 Need to detect this and croak(). */
489 size = measure_struct(symptr);
493 case 'X' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
494 /* XXXX Is this useful? Then need to treat MEASURE_BACKWARDS.
496 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
498 len = total % len; /* Assumed: the start is aligned. */
503 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in %s", _action( symptr ) );
505 case 'x' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
506 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
508 star = total % len; /* Assumed: the start is aligned. */
509 if (star) /* Other portable ways? */
533 size = sizeof(char*);
543 /* locate matching closing parenthesis or bracket
544 * returns char pointer to char after match, or NULL
547 S_group_end(pTHX_ const char *patptr, const char *patend, char ender)
549 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GROUP_END;
551 while (patptr < patend) {
552 const char c = *patptr++;
559 while (patptr < patend && *patptr != '\n')
563 patptr = group_end(patptr, patend, ')') + 1;
565 patptr = group_end(patptr, patend, ']') + 1;
567 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No group ending character '%c' found in template",
569 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
573 /* Convert unsigned decimal number to binary.
574 * Expects a pointer to the first digit and address of length variable
575 * Advances char pointer to 1st non-digit char and returns number
578 S_get_num(pTHX_ const char *patptr, I32 *lenptr )
580 I32 len = *patptr++ - '0';
582 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_NUM;
584 while (isDIGIT(*patptr)) {
585 if (len >= 0x7FFFFFFF/10)
586 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "pack/unpack repeat count overflow");
587 len = (len * 10) + (*patptr++ - '0');
593 /* The marvellous template parsing routine: Using state stored in *symptr,
594 * locates next template code and count
597 S_next_symbol(pTHX_ tempsym_t* symptr )
599 const char* patptr = symptr->patptr;
600 const char* const patend = symptr->patend;
602 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEXT_SYMBOL;
604 symptr->flags &= ~FLAG_SLASH;
606 while (patptr < patend) {
607 if (isSPACE(*patptr))
609 else if (*patptr == '#') {
611 while (patptr < patend && *patptr != '\n')
616 /* We should have found a template code */
617 I32 code = *patptr++ & 0xFF;
618 U32 inherited_modifiers = 0;
620 if (code == ','){ /* grandfather in commas but with a warning */
621 if (((symptr->flags & FLAG_COMMA) == 0) && ckWARN(WARN_UNPACK)){
622 symptr->flags |= FLAG_COMMA;
623 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNPACK),
624 "Invalid type ',' in %s", _action( symptr ) );
629 /* for '(', skip to ')' */
631 if( isDIGIT(*patptr) || *patptr == '*' || *patptr == '[' )
632 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "()-group starts with a count in %s",
634 symptr->grpbeg = patptr;
635 patptr = 1 + ( symptr->grpend = group_end(patptr, patend, ')') );
636 if( symptr->level >= MAX_SUB_TEMPLATE_LEVEL )
637 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Too deeply nested ()-groups in %s",
641 /* look for group modifiers to inherit */
642 if (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(symptr->flags)) {
643 if (strchr(ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES, TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code)))
644 inherited_modifiers |= TYPE_ENDIANNESS(symptr->flags);
647 /* look for modifiers */
648 while (patptr < patend) {
653 modifier = TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING;
654 allowed = "sSiIlLxXnNvV@.";
657 modifier = TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN;
658 allowed = ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES;
661 modifier = TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
662 allowed = ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES;
673 if (!strchr(allowed, TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code)))
674 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' allowed only after types %s in %s", *patptr,
675 allowed, _action( symptr ) );
677 if (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(code | modifier) == TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
678 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s",
679 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code), _action( symptr ) );
680 else if (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(code | modifier | inherited_modifiers) ==
681 TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
682 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s",
683 *patptr, _action( symptr ) );
685 if ((code & modifier)) {
686 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNPACK),
687 "Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s",
688 *patptr, (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code),
696 /* inherit modifiers */
697 code |= inherited_modifiers;
699 /* look for count and/or / */
700 if (patptr < patend) {
701 if (isDIGIT(*patptr)) {
702 patptr = get_num( patptr, &symptr->length );
703 symptr->howlen = e_number;
705 } else if (*patptr == '*') {
707 symptr->howlen = e_star;
709 } else if (*patptr == '[') {
710 const char* lenptr = ++patptr;
711 symptr->howlen = e_number;
712 patptr = group_end( patptr, patend, ']' ) + 1;
713 /* what kind of [] is it? */
714 if (isDIGIT(*lenptr)) {
715 lenptr = get_num( lenptr, &symptr->length );
717 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed integer in [] in %s",
720 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
721 symptr->patend = patptr-1;
722 symptr->patptr = lenptr;
723 savsym.length = measure_struct(symptr);
727 symptr->howlen = e_no_len;
732 while (patptr < patend) {
733 if (isSPACE(*patptr))
735 else if (*patptr == '#') {
737 while (patptr < patend && *patptr != '\n')
742 if (*patptr == '/') {
743 symptr->flags |= FLAG_SLASH;
745 if (patptr < patend &&
746 (isDIGIT(*patptr) || *patptr == '*' || *patptr == '['))
747 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'/' does not take a repeat count in %s",
754 /* at end - no count, no / */
755 symptr->howlen = e_no_len;
760 symptr->patptr = patptr;
764 symptr->patptr = patptr;
769 There is no way to cleanly handle the case where we should process the
770 string per byte in its upgraded form while it's really in downgraded form
771 (e.g. estimates like strend-s as an upper bound for the number of
772 characters left wouldn't work). So if we foresee the need of this
773 (pattern starts with U or contains U0), we want to work on the encoded
774 version of the string. Users are advised to upgrade their pack string
775 themselves if they need to do a lot of unpacks like this on it
778 need_utf8(const char *pat, const char *patend)
782 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEED_UTF8;
784 while (pat < patend) {
787 pat = (const char *) memchr(pat, '\n', patend-pat);
788 if (!pat) return FALSE;
789 } else if (pat[0] == 'U') {
790 if (first || pat[1] == '0') return TRUE;
791 } else first = FALSE;
798 first_symbol(const char *pat, const char *patend) {
799 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIRST_SYMBOL;
801 while (pat < patend) {
802 if (pat[0] != '#') return pat[0];
804 pat = (const char *) memchr(pat, '\n', patend-pat);
813 =head1 Pack and Unpack
815 =for apidoc unpackstring
817 The engine implementing the unpack() Perl function.
819 Using the template pat..patend, this function unpacks the string
820 s..strend into a number of mortal SVs, which it pushes onto the perl
821 argument (@_) stack (so you will need to issue a C<PUTBACK> before and
822 C<SPAGAIN> after the call to this function). It returns the number of
825 The strend and patend pointers should point to the byte following the last
826 character of each string.
828 Although this function returns its values on the perl argument stack, it
829 doesn't take any parameters from that stack (and thus in particular
830 there's no need to do a PUSHMARK before calling it, unlike L</call_pv> for
836 Perl_unpackstring(pTHX_ const char *pat, const char *patend, const char *s, const char *strend, U32 flags)
840 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UNPACKSTRING;
842 if (flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) flags |= FLAG_WAS_UTF8;
843 else if (need_utf8(pat, patend)) {
844 /* We probably should try to avoid this in case a scalar context call
845 wouldn't get to the "U0" */
846 STRLEN len = strend - s;
847 s = (char *) bytes_to_utf8((U8 *) s, &len);
850 flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
853 if (first_symbol(pat, patend) != 'U' && (flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8))
854 flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
856 TEMPSYM_INIT(&sym, pat, patend, flags);
858 return unpack_rec(&sym, s, s, strend, NULL );
862 S_unpack_rec(pTHX_ tempsym_t* symptr, const char *s, const char *strbeg, const char *strend, const char **new_s )
866 const I32 start_sp_offset = SP - PL_stack_base;
871 const int bits_in_uv = CHAR_BIT * sizeof(cuv);
873 bool explicit_length;
874 const bool unpack_only_one = (symptr->flags & FLAG_UNPACK_ONLY_ONE) != 0;
875 bool utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_PARSE_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
877 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UNPACK_REC;
879 symptr->strbeg = s - strbeg;
881 while (next_symbol(symptr)) {
884 I32 datumtype = symptr->code;
886 /* do first one only unless in list context
887 / is implemented by unpacking the count, then popping it from the
888 stack, so must check that we're not in the middle of a / */
890 && (SP - PL_stack_base == start_sp_offset + 1)
891 && (datumtype != '/') ) /* XXX can this be omitted */
894 switch (howlen = symptr->howlen) {
896 len = strend - strbeg; /* long enough */
899 /* e_no_len and e_number */
900 len = symptr->length;
904 explicit_length = TRUE;
906 beyond = s >= strend;
908 props = packprops[TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)];
910 /* props nonzero means we can process this letter. */
911 const long size = props & PACK_SIZE_MASK;
912 const long howmany = (strend - s) / size;
916 if (!checksum || (props & PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM)) {
917 if (len && unpack_only_one) len = 1;
923 needs_swap = NEEDS_SWAP(datumtype);
925 switch(TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) {
927 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid type '%c' in unpack", (int)TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype) );
930 if (howlen == e_no_len)
931 len = 16; /* len is not specified */
939 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
940 const U32 group_modifiers = TYPE_MODIFIERS(datumtype & ~symptr->flags);
941 symptr->flags |= group_modifiers;
942 symptr->patend = savsym.grpend;
943 symptr->previous = &savsym;
946 if (len && unpack_only_one) len = 1;
948 symptr->patptr = savsym.grpbeg;
949 if (utf8) symptr->flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
950 else symptr->flags &= ~FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
951 unpack_rec(symptr, s, strbeg, strend, &s);
952 if (s == strend && savsym.howlen == e_star)
953 break; /* No way to continue */
956 savsym.flags = symptr->flags & ~group_modifiers;
960 case '.' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
964 const bool u8 = utf8 && !(datumtype & TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING);
965 if (howlen == e_star) from = strbeg;
966 else if (len <= 0) from = s;
968 tempsym_t *group = symptr;
970 while (--len && group) group = group->previous;
971 from = group ? strbeg + group->strbeg : strbeg;
974 newSVuv( u8 ? (UV) utf8_length((const U8*)from, (const U8*)s) : (UV) (s-from)) :
975 newSViv(-(u8 ? (IV) utf8_length((const U8*)s, (const U8*)from) : (IV) (from-s)));
979 case '@' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
981 s = strbeg + symptr->strbeg;
982 if (utf8 && !(datumtype & TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
986 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'@' outside of string in unpack");
991 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack");
994 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'@' outside of string in unpack");
998 case 'X' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
999 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
1002 const char *hop, *last;
1004 hop = last = strbeg;
1006 hop += UTF8SKIP(hop);
1013 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1017 len = (s - strbeg) % len;
1023 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in unpack");
1024 while (--s, UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*s)) {
1026 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in unpack");
1031 if (len > s - strbeg)
1032 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in unpack" );
1036 case 'x' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING: {
1038 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
1040 if (utf8) ai32 = utf8_length((U8 *) strbeg, (U8 *) s) % len;
1041 else ai32 = (s - strbeg) % len;
1042 if (ai32 == 0) break;
1050 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'x' outside of string in unpack");
1055 if (len > strend - s)
1056 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'x' outside of string in unpack");
1061 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'/' must follow a numeric type in unpack");
1067 /* Preliminary length estimate is assumed done in 'W' */
1068 if (len > strend - s) len = strend - s;
1074 for (l=len, hop=s; l>0; l--, hop += UTF8SKIP(hop)) {
1075 if (hop >= strend) {
1077 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1082 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1084 } else if (len > strend - s)
1087 if (datumtype == 'Z') {
1088 /* 'Z' strips stuff after first null */
1089 const char *ptr, *end;
1091 for (ptr = s; ptr < end; ptr++) if (*ptr == 0) break;
1092 sv = newSVpvn(s, ptr-s);
1093 if (howlen == e_star) /* exact for 'Z*' */
1094 len = ptr-s + (ptr != strend ? 1 : 0);
1095 } else if (datumtype == 'A') {
1096 /* 'A' strips both nulls and spaces */
1098 if (utf8 && (symptr->flags & FLAG_WAS_UTF8)) {
1099 for (ptr = s+len-1; ptr >= s; ptr--)
1100 if (*ptr != 0 && !UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*ptr) &&
1101 !isSPACE_utf8(ptr)) break;
1102 if (ptr >= s) ptr += UTF8SKIP(ptr);
1105 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1107 for (ptr = s+len-1; ptr >= s; ptr--)
1108 if (*ptr != 0 && !isSPACE(*ptr)) break;
1111 sv = newSVpvn(s, ptr-s);
1112 } else sv = newSVpvn(s, len);
1116 /* Undo any upgrade done due to need_utf8() */
1117 if (!(symptr->flags & FLAG_WAS_UTF8))
1118 sv_utf8_downgrade(sv, 0);
1126 if (howlen == e_star || len > (strend - s) * 8)
1127 len = (strend - s) * 8;
1130 while (len >= 8 && s < strend) {
1131 cuv += PL_bitcount[uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype)];
1136 cuv += PL_bitcount[*(U8 *)s++];
1139 if (len && s < strend) {
1141 bits = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1142 if (datumtype == 'b')
1144 if (bits & 1) cuv++;
1149 if (bits & 0x80) cuv++;
1156 sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(len ? len : 1));
1159 if (datumtype == 'b') {
1161 const I32 ai32 = len;
1162 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1163 if (len & 7) bits >>= 1;
1165 if (s >= strend) break;
1166 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1167 } else bits = *(U8 *) s++;
1168 *str++ = bits & 1 ? '1' : '0';
1172 const I32 ai32 = len;
1173 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1174 if (len & 7) bits <<= 1;
1176 if (s >= strend) break;
1177 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1178 } else bits = *(U8 *) s++;
1179 *str++ = bits & 0x80 ? '1' : '0';
1183 SvCUR_set(sv, str - SvPVX_const(sv));
1190 /* Preliminary length estimate, acceptable for utf8 too */
1191 if (howlen == e_star || len > (strend - s) * 2)
1192 len = (strend - s) * 2;
1194 sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(len ? len : 1));
1198 if (datumtype == 'h') {
1201 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1202 if (len & 1) bits >>= 4;
1204 if (s >= strend) break;
1205 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1206 } else bits = * (U8 *) s++;
1208 *str++ = PL_hexdigit[bits & 15];
1212 const I32 ai32 = len;
1213 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1214 if (len & 1) bits <<= 4;
1216 if (s >= strend) break;
1217 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1218 } else bits = *(U8 *) s++;
1220 *str++ = PL_hexdigit[(bits >> 4) & 15];
1225 SvCUR_set(sv, str - SvPVX_const(sv));
1232 if (explicit_length)
1233 /* Switch to "character" mode */
1234 utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
1239 while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
1244 aint = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) s, strend-s, &retlen,
1245 ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
1246 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
1247 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1251 aint = *(U8 *)(s)++;
1252 if (aint >= 128 && datumtype != 'C') /* fake up signed chars */
1256 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1257 cdouble += (NV)aint;
1265 while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
1267 const UV val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) s, strend-s, &retlen,
1268 ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
1269 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
1270 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1274 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1275 cdouble += (NV) val;
1279 } else if (!checksum)
1281 const U8 ch = *(U8 *) s++;
1284 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1285 while (len-- > 0) cdouble += (NV) *(U8 *) s++;
1287 while (len-- > 0) cuv += *(U8 *) s++;
1291 if (explicit_length && howlen != e_star) {
1292 /* Switch to "bytes in UTF-8" mode */
1293 if (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) utf8 = 0;
1295 /* Should be impossible due to the need_utf8() test */
1296 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "U0 mode on a byte string");
1300 if (len > strend - s) len = strend - s;
1302 if (len && unpack_only_one) len = 1;
1306 while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
1310 U8 result[UTF8_MAXLEN];
1311 const char *ptr = s;
1313 /* Bug: warns about bad utf8 even if we are short on bytes
1314 and will break out of the loop */
1315 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &ptr, strend, (char *) result, 1,
1318 len = UTF8SKIP(result);
1319 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &ptr, strend,
1320 (char *) &result[1], len-1, 'U')) break;
1321 auv = utf8n_to_uvchr(result, len, &retlen, UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT);
1324 auv = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)s, strend - s, &retlen, UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT);
1325 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
1326 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1331 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1332 cdouble += (NV) auv;
1337 case 's' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1338 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
1341 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, ashort, datumtype, needs_swap);
1344 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1345 cdouble += (NV)ashort;
1357 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1360 SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, &ai16, datumtype, needs_swap);
1361 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1367 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1368 cdouble += (NV)ai16;
1373 case 'S' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1374 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
1376 unsigned short aushort;
1377 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aushort, datumtype, needs_swap,
1381 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1382 cdouble += (NV)aushort;
1395 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1398 SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, &au16, datumtype, needs_swap);
1399 if (datumtype == 'n')
1400 au16 = PerlSock_ntohs(au16);
1401 if (datumtype == 'v')
1405 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1406 cdouble += (NV) au16;
1411 case 'v' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1412 case 'n' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1415 # if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1418 SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, &ai16, datumtype, needs_swap);
1419 /* There should never be any byte-swapping here. */
1420 assert(!TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype));
1421 if (datumtype == ('n' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1422 ai16 = (I16) PerlSock_ntohs((U16) ai16);
1423 if (datumtype == ('v' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1424 ai16 = (I16) vtohs((U16) ai16);
1427 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1428 cdouble += (NV) ai16;
1434 case 'i' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1437 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aint, datumtype, needs_swap);
1440 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1441 cdouble += (NV)aint;
1447 case 'I' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1450 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, auint, datumtype, needs_swap);
1453 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1454 cdouble += (NV)auint;
1462 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aiv, datumtype, needs_swap);
1465 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1474 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, auv, datumtype, needs_swap);
1477 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1483 case 'l' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1484 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
1487 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, along, datumtype, needs_swap);
1490 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1491 cdouble += (NV)along;
1502 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1505 SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, &ai32, datumtype, needs_swap);
1506 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1507 if (ai32 > 2147483647) ai32 -= 4294967296;
1511 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1512 cdouble += (NV)ai32;
1517 case 'L' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1518 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
1520 unsigned long aulong;
1521 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aulong, datumtype, needs_swap);
1524 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1525 cdouble += (NV)aulong;
1538 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1541 SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, &au32, datumtype, needs_swap);
1542 if (datumtype == 'N')
1543 au32 = PerlSock_ntohl(au32);
1544 if (datumtype == 'V')
1548 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1549 cdouble += (NV)au32;
1554 case 'V' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1555 case 'N' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1558 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1561 SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, &ai32, datumtype, needs_swap);
1562 /* There should never be any byte swapping here. */
1563 assert(!TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype));
1564 if (datumtype == ('N' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1565 ai32 = (I32)PerlSock_ntohl((U32)ai32);
1566 if (datumtype == ('V' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1567 ai32 = (I32)vtohl((U32)ai32);
1570 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1571 cdouble += (NV)ai32;
1579 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aptr, datumtype, needs_swap);
1580 /* newSVpv generates undef if aptr is NULL */
1581 mPUSHs(newSVpv(aptr, 0));
1589 while (len > 0 && s < strend) {
1591 ch = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1592 auv = (auv << 7) | (ch & 0x7f);
1593 /* UTF8_IS_XXXXX not right here - using constant 0x80 */
1601 if (++bytes >= sizeof(UV)) { /* promote to string */
1604 sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%.*"UVuf, (int)TYPE_DIGITS(UV), auv);
1605 while (s < strend) {
1606 ch = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1607 sv = mul128(sv, (U8)(ch & 0x7f));
1613 t = SvPV_nolen_const(sv);
1622 if ((s >= strend) && bytes)
1623 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unterminated compressed integer in unpack");
1627 if (symptr->howlen == e_star)
1628 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'P' must have an explicit size in unpack");
1630 if (s + sizeof(char*) <= strend) {
1632 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aptr, datumtype, needs_swap);
1633 /* newSVpvn generates undef if aptr is NULL */
1634 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(aptr, len, SVs_TEMP));
1637 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) && IVSIZE >= 8
1641 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aquad, datumtype, needs_swap);
1643 mPUSHs(newSViv((IV)aquad));
1644 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1645 cdouble += (NV)aquad;
1653 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, auquad, datumtype, needs_swap);
1655 mPUSHs(newSVuv((UV)auquad));
1656 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1657 cdouble += (NV)auquad;
1663 /* float and double added gnb@melba.bby.oz.au 22/11/89 */
1667 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, afloat, datumtype, needs_swap);
1677 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, adouble, datumtype, needs_swap);
1687 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, anv.bytes, sizeof(anv.bytes),
1688 datumtype, needs_swap);
1695 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
1699 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, aldouble.bytes,
1700 sizeof(aldouble.bytes), datumtype, needs_swap);
1701 /* The most common long double format, the x86 80-bit
1702 * extended precision, has either 2 or 6 unused bytes,
1703 * which may contain garbage, which may contain
1704 * unintentional data. While we do zero the bytes of
1705 * the long double data in pack(), here in unpack() we
1706 * don't, because it's really hard to envision that
1707 * reading the long double off aldouble would be
1708 * affected by the unused bytes.
1710 * Note that trying to unpack 'long doubles' of 'long
1711 * doubles' packed in another system is in the general
1712 * case doomed without having more detail. */
1714 mPUSHn(aldouble.ld);
1716 cdouble += aldouble.ld;
1722 const STRLEN l = (STRLEN) (strend - s) * 3 / 4;
1723 sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(l));
1724 if (l) SvPOK_on(sv);
1727 while (next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &len)) {
1732 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &a);
1733 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &b);
1734 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &c);
1735 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &d);
1736 hunk[0] = (char)((a << 2) | (b >> 4));
1737 hunk[1] = (char)((b << 4) | (c >> 2));
1738 hunk[2] = (char)((c << 6) | d);
1740 sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, (len > 3) ? 3 : len);
1748 /* possible checksum byte */
1749 const char *skip = s+UTF8SKIP(s);
1750 if (skip < strend && *skip == '\n')
1756 while (s < strend && *s > ' ' && ISUUCHAR(*s)) {
1760 len = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1762 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
1763 a = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1766 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
1767 b = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1770 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
1771 c = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1774 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
1775 d = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1778 hunk[0] = (char)((a << 2) | (b >> 4));
1779 hunk[1] = (char)((b << 4) | (c >> 2));
1780 hunk[2] = (char)((c << 6) | d);
1782 sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, (len > 3) ? 3 : len);
1787 else /* possible checksum byte */
1788 if (s + 1 < strend && s[1] == '\n')
1798 if (strchr("fFdD", TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype)) ||
1799 (checksum > bits_in_uv &&
1800 strchr("cCsSiIlLnNUWvVqQjJ", TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype))) ) {
1803 anv = (NV) (1 << (checksum & 15));
1804 while (checksum >= 16) {
1808 while (cdouble < 0.0)
1810 cdouble = Perl_modf(cdouble / anv, &trouble) * anv;
1811 sv = newSVnv(cdouble);
1814 if (checksum < bits_in_uv) {
1815 UV mask = ((UV)1 << checksum) - 1;
1824 if (symptr->flags & FLAG_SLASH){
1825 if (SP - PL_stack_base - start_sp_offset <= 0)
1827 if( next_symbol(symptr) ){
1828 if( symptr->howlen == e_number )
1829 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Count after length/code in unpack" );
1831 /* ...end of char buffer then no decent length available */
1832 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "length/code after end of string in unpack" );
1834 /* take top of stack (hope it's numeric) */
1837 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Negative '/' count in unpack" );
1840 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Code missing after '/' in unpack" );
1842 datumtype = symptr->code;
1843 explicit_length = FALSE;
1851 return SP - PL_stack_base - start_sp_offset;
1858 I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
1861 const char *pat = SvPV_const(left, llen);
1862 const char *s = SvPV_const(right, rlen);
1863 const char *strend = s + rlen;
1864 const char *patend = pat + llen;
1868 cnt = unpackstring(pat, patend, s, strend,
1869 ((gimme == G_SCALAR) ? FLAG_UNPACK_ONLY_ONE : 0)
1870 | (DO_UTF8(right) ? FLAG_DO_UTF8 : 0));
1873 if ( !cnt && gimme == G_SCALAR )
1874 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
1879 doencodes(U8 *h, const char *s, I32 len)
1881 *h++ = PL_uuemap[len];
1883 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[0] >> 2))];
1884 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[0] << 4) & 060) | ((s[1] >> 4) & 017)))];
1885 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[1] << 2) & 074) | ((s[2] >> 6) & 03)))];
1886 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[2] & 077))];
1891 const char r = (len > 1 ? s[1] : '\0');
1892 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[0] >> 2))];
1893 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[0] << 4) & 060) | ((r >> 4) & 017)))];
1894 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & ((r << 2) & 074))];
1895 *h++ = PL_uuemap[0];
1902 S_is_an_int(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN l)
1904 SV *result = newSVpvn(s, l);
1905 char *const result_c = SvPV_nolen(result); /* convenience */
1906 char *out = result_c;
1910 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_AN_INT;
1918 SvREFCNT_dec(result);
1941 SvREFCNT_dec(result);
1947 SvCUR_set(result, out - result_c);
1951 /* pnum must be '\0' terminated */
1953 S_div128(pTHX_ SV *pnum, bool *done)
1956 char * const s = SvPV(pnum, len);
1960 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DIV128;
1964 const int i = m * 10 + (*t - '0');
1965 const int r = (i >> 7); /* r < 10 */
1973 SvCUR_set(pnum, (STRLEN) (t - s));
1978 =for apidoc packlist
1980 The engine implementing pack() Perl function.
1986 Perl_packlist(pTHX_ SV *cat, const char *pat, const char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist )
1990 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKLIST;
1992 TEMPSYM_INIT(&sym, pat, patend, FLAG_PACK);
1994 /* We're going to do changes through SvPVX(cat). Make sure it's valid.
1995 Also make sure any UTF8 flag is loaded */
1996 SvPV_force_nolen(cat);
1998 sym.flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8 | FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2000 (void)pack_rec( cat, &sym, beglist, endlist );
2003 /* like sv_utf8_upgrade, but also repoint the group start markers */
2005 marked_upgrade(pTHX_ SV *sv, tempsym_t *sym_ptr) {
2008 const char *from_ptr, *from_start, *from_end, **marks, **m;
2009 char *to_start, *to_ptr;
2011 if (SvUTF8(sv)) return;
2013 from_start = SvPVX_const(sv);
2014 from_end = from_start + SvCUR(sv);
2015 for (from_ptr = from_start; from_ptr < from_end; from_ptr++)
2016 if (!NATIVE_BYTE_IS_INVARIANT(*from_ptr)) break;
2017 if (from_ptr == from_end) {
2018 /* Simple case: no character needs to be changed */
2023 len = (from_end-from_ptr)*UTF8_EXPAND+(from_ptr-from_start)+1;
2024 Newx(to_start, len, char);
2025 Copy(from_start, to_start, from_ptr-from_start, char);
2026 to_ptr = to_start + (from_ptr-from_start);
2028 Newx(marks, sym_ptr->level+2, const char *);
2029 for (group=sym_ptr; group; group = group->previous)
2030 marks[group->level] = from_start + group->strbeg;
2031 marks[sym_ptr->level+1] = from_end+1;
2032 for (m = marks; *m < from_ptr; m++)
2033 *m = to_start + (*m-from_start);
2035 for (;from_ptr < from_end; from_ptr++) {
2036 while (*m == from_ptr) *m++ = to_ptr;
2037 to_ptr = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) to_ptr, *(U8 *) from_ptr);
2041 while (*m == from_ptr) *m++ = to_ptr;
2042 if (m != marks + sym_ptr->level+1) {
2045 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: marks beyond string end, m=%p, marks=%p, "
2046 "level=%d", m, marks, sym_ptr->level);
2048 for (group=sym_ptr; group; group = group->previous)
2049 group->strbeg = marks[group->level] - to_start;
2054 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv) + SvIVX(sv));
2055 from_start -= SvIVX(sv);
2058 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVf_OOK;
2061 Safefree(from_start);
2062 SvPV_set(sv, to_start);
2063 SvCUR_set(sv, to_ptr - to_start);
2068 /* Exponential string grower. Makes string extension effectively O(n)
2069 needed says how many extra bytes we need (not counting the final '\0')
2070 Only grows the string if there is an actual lack of space
2073 S_sv_exp_grow(pTHX_ SV *sv, STRLEN needed) {
2074 const STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sv);
2075 const STRLEN len = SvLEN(sv);
2078 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_EXP_GROW;
2080 if (len - cur > needed) return SvPVX(sv);
2081 extend = needed > len ? needed : len;
2082 return SvGROW(sv, len+extend+1);
2087 S_pack_rec(pTHX_ SV *cat, tempsym_t* symptr, SV **beglist, SV **endlist )
2089 tempsym_t lookahead;
2090 I32 items = endlist - beglist;
2091 bool found = next_symbol(symptr);
2092 bool utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_PARSE_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
2093 bool warn_utf8 = ckWARN(WARN_UTF8);
2096 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACK_REC;
2098 if (symptr->level == 0 && found && symptr->code == 'U') {
2099 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2100 symptr->flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2103 symptr->strbeg = SvCUR(cat);
2109 SV *lengthcode = NULL;
2110 I32 datumtype = symptr->code;
2111 howlen_t howlen = symptr->howlen;
2112 char *start = SvPVX(cat);
2113 char *cur = start + SvCUR(cat);
2116 #define NEXTFROM (lengthcode ? lengthcode : items-- > 0 ? *beglist++ : &PL_sv_no)
2117 #define PEEKFROM (lengthcode ? lengthcode : items > 0 ? *beglist : &PL_sv_no)
2121 len = strchr("@Xxu", TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype)) ?
2125 /* e_no_len and e_number */
2126 len = symptr->length;
2131 packprops_t props = packprops[TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)];
2133 if (props && !(props & PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE)) {
2134 /* We can process this letter. */
2135 STRLEN size = props & PACK_SIZE_MASK;
2136 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, (STRLEN) len * size);
2140 /* Look ahead for next symbol. Do we have code/code? */
2141 lookahead = *symptr;
2142 found = next_symbol(&lookahead);
2143 if (symptr->flags & FLAG_SLASH) {
2145 if (!found) Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Code missing after '/' in pack");
2146 if (strchr("aAZ", lookahead.code)) {
2147 if (lookahead.howlen == e_number) count = lookahead.length;
2150 count = sv_len_utf8(*beglist);
2153 if (lookahead.code == 'Z') count++;
2156 if (lookahead.howlen == e_number && lookahead.length < items)
2157 count = lookahead.length;
2160 lookahead.howlen = e_number;
2161 lookahead.length = count;
2162 lengthcode = sv_2mortal(newSViv(count));
2165 needs_swap = NEEDS_SWAP(datumtype);
2168 if (SvNOK(fromstr)) {
2169 const NV nv = SvNV(fromstr);
2170 if (UNLIKELY(Perl_isinfnan(nv))) {
2171 const I32 c = TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype);
2172 if (!strchr("fdFD", (char)c)) { /* floats are okay */
2175 "Cannot compress %"NVgf" in pack", nv);
2177 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot pack %"NVgf" with '%c'",
2183 /* Code inside the switch must take care to properly update
2184 cat (CUR length and '\0' termination) if it updated *cur and
2185 doesn't simply leave using break */
2186 switch (TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) {
2188 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid type '%c' in pack",
2189 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2191 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%%' may not be used in pack");
2193 case '.' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2195 if (howlen == e_star) from = start;
2196 else if (len == 0) from = cur;
2198 tempsym_t *group = symptr;
2200 while (--len && group) group = group->previous;
2201 from = group ? start + group->strbeg : start;
2204 len = SvIV(fromstr);
2206 case '@' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2208 from = start + symptr->strbeg;
2210 if (utf8 && !(datumtype & TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
2212 while (len && from < cur) {
2213 from += UTF8SKIP(from);
2217 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack");
2219 /* Here we know from == cur */
2221 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2222 Zero(cur, len, char);
2224 } else if (from < cur) {
2227 } else goto no_change;
2235 if (len > 0) goto grow;
2236 if (len == 0) goto no_change;
2243 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
2244 U32 group_modifiers = TYPE_MODIFIERS(datumtype & ~symptr->flags);
2245 symptr->flags |= group_modifiers;
2246 symptr->patend = savsym.grpend;
2248 symptr->previous = &lookahead;
2251 if (utf8) symptr->flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
2252 else symptr->flags &= ~FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
2253 was_utf8 = SvUTF8(cat);
2254 symptr->patptr = savsym.grpbeg;
2255 beglist = pack_rec(cat, symptr, beglist, endlist);
2256 if (SvUTF8(cat) != was_utf8)
2257 /* This had better be an upgrade while in utf8==0 mode */
2260 if (savsym.howlen == e_star && beglist == endlist)
2261 break; /* No way to continue */
2263 items = endlist - beglist;
2264 lookahead.flags = symptr->flags & ~group_modifiers;
2267 case 'X' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2268 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
2275 hop += UTF8SKIP(hop);
2282 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack");
2286 len = (cur-start) % len;
2290 if (len < 1) goto no_change;
2294 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' outside of string in pack",
2295 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2296 while (--cur, UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*cur)) {
2298 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' outside of string in pack",
2299 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2305 if (cur - start < len)
2306 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' outside of string in pack",
2307 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2310 if (cur < start+symptr->strbeg) {
2311 /* Make sure group starts don't point into the void */
2313 const STRLEN length = cur-start;
2314 for (group = symptr;
2315 group && length < group->strbeg;
2316 group = group->previous) group->strbeg = length;
2317 lookahead.strbeg = length;
2320 case 'x' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING: {
2322 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
2324 if (utf8) ai32 = utf8_length((U8 *) start, (U8 *) cur) % len;
2325 else ai32 = (cur - start) % len;
2326 if (ai32 == 0) goto no_change;
2338 aptr = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
2339 if (DO_UTF8(fromstr)) {
2340 const char *end, *s;
2342 if (!utf8 && !SvUTF8(cat)) {
2343 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2344 lookahead.flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2345 lookahead.strbeg = symptr->strbeg;
2348 cur = start + SvCUR(cat);
2350 if (howlen == e_star) {
2351 if (utf8) goto string_copy;
2355 end = aptr + fromlen;
2356 fromlen = datumtype == 'Z' ? len-1 : len;
2357 while ((I32) fromlen > 0 && s < end) {
2362 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack");
2365 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2371 fromlen = len - fromlen;
2372 if (datumtype == 'Z') fromlen--;
2373 if (howlen == e_star) {
2375 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2377 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2378 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &aptr, end, cur, fromlen,
2379 datumtype | TYPE_IS_PACK))
2380 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: predicted utf8 length not available, "
2381 "for '%c', aptr=%p end=%p cur=%p, fromlen=%"UVuf,
2382 (int)datumtype, aptr, end, cur, (UV)fromlen);
2386 if (howlen == e_star) {
2388 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2390 if (len <= (I32) fromlen) {
2392 if (datumtype == 'Z' && fromlen > 0) fromlen--;
2394 /* assumes a byte expands to at most UTF8_EXPAND bytes on
2396 expected_length <= from_len*UTF8_EXPAND + (len-from_len) */
2397 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, fromlen*(UTF8_EXPAND-1)+len);
2399 while (fromlen > 0) {
2400 cur = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) cur, * (U8 *) aptr);
2406 if (howlen == e_star) {
2408 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2410 if (len <= (I32) fromlen) {
2412 if (datumtype == 'Z' && fromlen > 0) fromlen--;
2414 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2415 Copy(aptr, cur, fromlen, char);
2419 memset(cur, datumtype == 'A' ? ' ' : '\0', len);
2426 const char *str, *end;
2433 str = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
2434 end = str + fromlen;
2435 if (DO_UTF8(fromstr)) {
2437 utf8_flags = warn_utf8 ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY;
2439 utf8_source = FALSE;
2440 utf8_flags = 0; /* Unused, but keep compilers happy */
2442 if (howlen == e_star) len = fromlen;
2443 field_len = (len+7)/8;
2444 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, field_len);
2445 if (len > (I32)fromlen) len = fromlen;
2448 if (datumtype == 'B')
2452 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2454 } else bits |= *str++ & 1;
2455 if (l & 7) bits <<= 1;
2457 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2462 /* datumtype == 'b' */
2466 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2467 if (val & 1) bits |= 0x80;
2468 } else if (*str++ & 1)
2470 if (l & 7) bits >>= 1;
2472 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2478 if (datumtype == 'B')
2479 bits <<= 7 - (l & 7);
2481 bits >>= 7 - (l & 7);
2482 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2485 /* Determine how many chars are left in the requested field */
2487 if (howlen == e_star) field_len = 0;
2488 else field_len -= l;
2489 Zero(cur, field_len, char);
2495 const char *str, *end;
2502 str = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
2503 end = str + fromlen;
2504 if (DO_UTF8(fromstr)) {
2506 utf8_flags = warn_utf8 ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY;
2508 utf8_source = FALSE;
2509 utf8_flags = 0; /* Unused, but keep compilers happy */
2511 if (howlen == e_star) len = fromlen;
2512 field_len = (len+1)/2;
2513 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, field_len);
2514 if (!utf8 && len > (I32)fromlen) len = fromlen;
2517 if (datumtype == 'H')
2521 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2522 if (val < 256 && isALPHA(val))
2523 bits |= (val + 9) & 0xf;
2526 } else if (isALPHA(*str))
2527 bits |= (*str++ + 9) & 0xf;
2529 bits |= *str++ & 0xf;
2530 if (l & 1) bits <<= 4;
2532 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2540 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2541 if (val < 256 && isALPHA(val))
2542 bits |= ((val + 9) & 0xf) << 4;
2544 bits |= (val & 0xf) << 4;
2545 } else if (isALPHA(*str))
2546 bits |= ((*str++ + 9) & 0xf) << 4;
2548 bits |= (*str++ & 0xf) << 4;
2549 if (l & 1) bits >>= 4;
2551 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2557 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2560 /* Determine how many chars are left in the requested field */
2562 if (howlen == e_star) field_len = 0;
2563 else field_len -= l;
2564 Zero(cur, field_len, char);
2572 aiv = SvIV(fromstr);
2573 if ((-128 > aiv || aiv > 127))
2574 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
2575 "Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack");
2576 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, (U8)(aiv & 0xff));
2581 utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
2587 aiv = SvIV(fromstr);
2588 if ((0 > aiv || aiv > 0xff))
2589 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
2590 "Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack");
2591 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, (U8)(aiv & 0xff));
2596 U8 in_bytes = (U8)IN_BYTES;
2598 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-1;
2599 if (utf8) end -= UTF8_MAXLEN-1;
2603 auv = SvUV(fromstr);
2604 if (in_bytes) auv = auv % 0x100;
2609 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2611 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len+UTF8_MAXLEN);
2612 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-UTF8_MAXLEN;
2614 cur = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8_flags((U8 *) cur,
2617 0 : UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2622 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2623 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2624 lookahead.flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2625 lookahead.strbeg = symptr->strbeg;
2628 cur = start + SvCUR(cat);
2629 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-UTF8_MAXLEN;
2632 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
2633 "Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack");
2638 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2639 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len+1);
2640 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-1;
2642 *(U8 *) cur++ = (U8)auv;
2651 if (!(symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8)) {
2652 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2653 lookahead.flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2654 lookahead.strbeg = symptr->strbeg;
2660 end = start+SvLEN(cat);
2661 if (!utf8) end -= UTF8_MAXLEN;
2665 auv = SvUV(fromstr);
2667 U8 buffer[UTF8_MAXLEN], *endb;
2668 endb = uvchr_to_utf8_flags(buffer, auv,
2670 0 : UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2671 if (cur+(endb-buffer)*UTF8_EXPAND >= end) {
2673 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2674 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur,
2675 len+(endb-buffer)*UTF8_EXPAND);
2676 end = start+SvLEN(cat);
2678 cur = S_bytes_to_uni(buffer, endb-buffer, cur, 0);
2682 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2683 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len+UTF8_MAXLEN);
2684 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-UTF8_MAXLEN;
2686 cur = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8_flags((U8 *) cur, auv,
2688 0 : UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2693 /* Float and double added by gnb@melba.bby.oz.au 22/11/89 */
2699 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
2700 # if defined(VMS) && !defined(_IEEE_FP)
2701 /* IEEE fp overflow shenanigans are unavailable on VAX and optional
2702 * on Alpha; fake it if we don't have them.
2706 else if (anv < -FLT_MAX)
2708 else afloat = (float)anv;
2710 afloat = (float)anv;
2712 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, afloat, needs_swap);
2720 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
2721 # if defined(VMS) && !defined(_IEEE_FP)
2722 /* IEEE fp overflow shenanigans are unavailable on VAX and optional
2723 * on Alpha; fake it if we don't have them.
2727 else if (anv < -DBL_MAX)
2729 else adouble = (double)anv;
2731 adouble = (double)anv;
2733 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, adouble, needs_swap);
2738 Zero(&anv, 1, NV); /* can be long double with unused bits */
2742 /* to work round a gcc/x86 bug; don't use SvNV */
2743 anv.nv = sv_2nv(fromstr);
2745 anv.nv = SvNV(fromstr);
2747 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, anv.bytes, sizeof(anv.bytes), needs_swap);
2751 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2754 /* long doubles can have unused bits, which may be nonzero */
2755 Zero(&aldouble, 1, long double);
2759 /* to work round a gcc/x86 bug; don't use SvNV */
2760 aldouble.ld = (long double)sv_2nv(fromstr);
2762 aldouble.ld = (long double)SvNV(fromstr);
2764 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, aldouble.bytes, sizeof(aldouble.bytes),
2770 case 'n' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2775 ai16 = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
2776 ai16 = PerlSock_htons(ai16);
2777 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &ai16, FALSE);
2780 case 'v' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2785 ai16 = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
2787 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &ai16, FALSE);
2790 case 'S' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2791 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
2793 unsigned short aushort;
2795 aushort = SvUV(fromstr);
2796 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aushort, needs_swap);
2806 au16 = (U16)SvUV(fromstr);
2807 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &au16, needs_swap);
2810 case 's' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2811 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
2815 ashort = SvIV(fromstr);
2816 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, ashort, needs_swap);
2826 ai16 = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
2827 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &ai16, needs_swap);
2831 case 'I' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2835 auint = SvUV(fromstr);
2836 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, auint, needs_swap);
2843 aiv = SvIV(fromstr);
2844 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aiv, needs_swap);
2851 auv = SvUV(fromstr);
2852 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, auv, needs_swap);
2859 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
2863 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2864 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot compress negative numbers in pack");
2867 /* 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF may cast to 18446744073709551616.0,
2868 which is == UV_MAX_P1. IOK is fine (instead of UV_only), as
2869 any negative IVs will have already been got by the croak()
2870 above. IOK is untrue for fractions, so we test them
2871 against UV_MAX_P1. */
2872 if (SvIOK(fromstr) || anv < UV_MAX_P1) {
2873 char buf[(sizeof(UV)*CHAR_BIT)/7+1];
2874 char *in = buf + sizeof(buf);
2875 UV auv = SvUV(fromstr);
2878 *--in = (char)((auv & 0x7f) | 0x80);
2881 buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] &= 0x7f; /* clear continue bit */
2882 PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur,
2883 in, (buf + sizeof(buf)) - in);
2884 } else if (SvPOKp(fromstr))
2886 else if (SvNOKp(fromstr)) {
2887 /* 10**NV_MAX_10_EXP is the largest power of 10
2888 so 10**(NV_MAX_10_EXP+1) is definitely unrepresentable
2889 given 10**(NV_MAX_10_EXP+1) == 128 ** x solve for x:
2890 x = (NV_MAX_10_EXP+1) * log (10) / log (128)
2891 And with that many bytes only Inf can overflow.
2892 Some C compilers are strict about integral constant
2893 expressions so we conservatively divide by a slightly
2894 smaller integer instead of multiplying by the exact
2895 floating-point value.
2897 #ifdef NV_MAX_10_EXP
2898 /* char buf[1 + (int)((NV_MAX_10_EXP + 1) * 0.47456)]; -- invalid C */
2899 char buf[1 + (int)((NV_MAX_10_EXP + 1) / 2)]; /* valid C */
2901 /* char buf[1 + (int)((308 + 1) * 0.47456)]; -- invalid C */
2902 char buf[1 + (int)((308 + 1) / 2)]; /* valid C */
2904 char *in = buf + sizeof(buf);
2906 anv = Perl_floor(anv);
2908 const NV next = Perl_floor(anv / 128);
2909 if (in <= buf) /* this cannot happen ;-) */
2910 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot compress integer in pack");
2911 *--in = (unsigned char)(anv - (next * 128)) | 0x80;
2914 buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] &= 0x7f; /* clear continue bit */
2915 PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur,
2916 in, (buf + sizeof(buf)) - in);
2925 /* Copy string and check for compliance */
2926 from = SvPV_const(fromstr, len);
2927 if ((norm = is_an_int(from, len)) == NULL)
2928 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can only compress unsigned integers in pack");
2930 Newx(result, len, char);
2933 while (!done) *--in = div128(norm, &done) | 0x80;
2934 result[len - 1] &= 0x7F; /* clear continue bit */
2935 PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur,
2936 in, (result + len) - in);
2938 SvREFCNT_dec(norm); /* free norm */
2943 case 'i' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2947 aint = SvIV(fromstr);
2948 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aint, needs_swap);
2951 case 'N' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2956 au32 = SvUV(fromstr);
2957 au32 = PerlSock_htonl(au32);
2958 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &au32, FALSE);
2961 case 'V' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2966 au32 = SvUV(fromstr);
2968 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &au32, FALSE);
2971 case 'L' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2972 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
2974 unsigned long aulong;
2976 aulong = SvUV(fromstr);
2977 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aulong, needs_swap);
2987 au32 = SvUV(fromstr);
2988 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &au32, needs_swap);
2991 case 'l' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2992 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
2996 along = SvIV(fromstr);
2997 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, along, needs_swap);
3007 ai32 = SvIV(fromstr);
3008 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &ai32, needs_swap);
3011 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) && IVSIZE >= 8
3016 auquad = (Uquad_t) SvUV(fromstr);
3017 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, auquad, needs_swap);
3024 aquad = (Quad_t)SvIV(fromstr);
3025 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aquad, needs_swap);
3030 len = 1; /* assume SV is correct length */
3031 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, sizeof(char *));
3038 SvGETMAGIC(fromstr);
3039 if (!SvOK(fromstr)) aptr = NULL;
3041 /* XXX better yet, could spirit away the string to
3042 * a safe spot and hang on to it until the result
3043 * of pack() (and all copies of the result) are
3046 if ((SvTEMP(fromstr) || (SvPADTMP(fromstr) &&
3047 !SvREADONLY(fromstr)))) {
3048 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
3049 "Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value");
3051 if (SvPOK(fromstr) || SvNIOK(fromstr))
3052 aptr = SvPV_nomg_const_nolen(fromstr);
3054 aptr = SvPV_force_flags_nolen(fromstr, 0);
3056 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aptr, needs_swap);
3060 const char *aptr, *aend;
3064 if (len <= 2) len = 45;
3065 else len = len / 3 * 3;
3067 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
3068 "Field too wide in 'u' format in pack");
3071 aptr = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
3072 from_utf8 = DO_UTF8(fromstr);
3074 aend = aptr + fromlen;
3075 fromlen = sv_len_utf8_nomg(fromstr);
3076 } else aend = NULL; /* Unused, but keep compilers happy */
3077 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, (fromlen+2) / 3 * 4 + (fromlen+len-1)/len * 2);
3078 while (fromlen > 0) {
3081 U8 hunk[1+63/3*4+1];
3083 if ((I32)fromlen > len)
3089 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &aptr, aend, buffer, todo,
3090 'u' | TYPE_IS_PACK)) {
3092 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3093 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: string is shorter than advertised, "
3094 "aptr=%p, aend=%p, buffer=%p, todo=%ld",
3095 aptr, aend, buffer, (long) todo);
3097 end = doencodes(hunk, buffer, todo);
3099 end = doencodes(hunk, aptr, todo);
3102 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, hunk, end-hunk, 0);
3109 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3111 *symptr = lookahead;
3120 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
3123 SV *pat_sv = *++MARK;
3124 const char *pat = SvPV_const(pat_sv, fromlen);
3125 const char *patend = pat + fromlen;
3131 packlist(cat, pat, patend, MARK, SP + 1);
3141 * c-indentation-style: bsd
3143 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
3146 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: