3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
9 * "I wonder what the Entish is for 'yes' and 'no'," he thought.
12 * This file contains the code that creates, manipulates and destroys
13 * scalar values (SVs). The other types (AV, HV, GV, etc.) reuse the
14 * structure of an SV, so their creation and destruction is handled
15 * here; higher-level functions are in av.c, hv.c, and so on. Opcode
16 * level functions (eg. substr, split, join) for each of the types are
28 /* Missing proto on LynxOS */
29 char *gconvert(double, int, int, char *);
32 #ifdef PERL_UTF8_CACHE_ASSERT
33 /* The cache element 0 is the Unicode offset;
34 * the cache element 1 is the byte offset of the element 0;
35 * the cache element 2 is the Unicode length of the substring;
36 * the cache element 3 is the byte length of the substring;
37 * The checking of the substring side would be good
38 * but substr() has enough code paths to make my head spin;
39 * if adding more checks watch out for the following tests:
40 * t/op/index.t t/op/length.t t/op/pat.t t/op/substr.t
41 * lib/utf8.t lib/Unicode/Collate/t/index.t
44 #define ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache) \
45 STMT_START { if (cache) { assert((cache)[0] <= (cache)[1]); } } STMT_END
47 #define ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache) NOOP
50 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
51 #define SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sv) INT2PTR(SV *,SvUVX(sv))
52 #define SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(current,next) SvUV_set(current, PTR2UV(next))
53 /* This is a pessimistic view. Scalar must be purely a read-write PV to copy-
57 /* ============================================================================
59 =head1 Allocation and deallocation of SVs.
61 An SV (or AV, HV, etc.) is allocated in two parts: the head (struct sv,
62 av, hv...) contains type and reference count information, as well as a
63 pointer to the body (struct xrv, xpv, xpviv...), which contains fields
64 specific to each type.
66 Normally, this allocation is done using arenas, which by default are
67 approximately 4K chunks of memory parcelled up into N heads or bodies. The
68 first slot in each arena is reserved, and is used to hold a link to the next
69 arena. In the case of heads, the unused first slot also contains some flags
70 and a note of the number of slots. Snaked through each arena chain is a
71 linked list of free items; when this becomes empty, an extra arena is
72 allocated and divided up into N items which are threaded into the free list.
74 The following global variables are associated with arenas:
76 PL_sv_arenaroot pointer to list of SV arenas
77 PL_sv_root pointer to list of free SV structures
79 PL_foo_arenaroot pointer to list of foo arenas,
80 PL_foo_root pointer to list of free foo bodies
81 ... for foo in xiv, xnv, xrv, xpv etc.
83 Note that some of the larger and more rarely used body types (eg xpvio)
84 are not allocated using arenas, but are instead just malloc()/free()ed as
85 required. Also, if PURIFY is defined, arenas are abandoned altogether,
86 with all items individually malloc()ed. In addition, a few SV heads are
87 not allocated from an arena, but are instead directly created as static
88 or auto variables, eg PL_sv_undef. The size of arenas can be changed from
89 the default by setting PERL_ARENA_SIZE appropriately at compile time.
91 The SV arena serves the secondary purpose of allowing still-live SVs
92 to be located and destroyed during final cleanup.
94 At the lowest level, the macros new_SV() and del_SV() grab and free
95 an SV head. (If debugging with -DD, del_SV() calls the function S_del_sv()
96 to return the SV to the free list with error checking.) new_SV() calls
97 more_sv() / sv_add_arena() to add an extra arena if the free list is empty.
98 SVs in the free list have their SvTYPE field set to all ones.
100 Similarly, there are macros new_XIV()/del_XIV(), new_XNV()/del_XNV() etc
101 that allocate and return individual body types. Normally these are mapped
102 to the arena-manipulating functions new_xiv()/del_xiv() etc, but may be
103 instead mapped directly to malloc()/free() if PURIFY is defined. The
104 new/del functions remove from, or add to, the appropriate PL_foo_root
105 list, and call more_xiv() etc to add a new arena if the list is empty.
107 At the time of very final cleanup, sv_free_arenas() is called from
108 perl_destruct() to physically free all the arenas allocated since the
109 start of the interpreter. Note that this also clears PL_he_arenaroot,
110 which is otherwise dealt with in hv.c.
112 Manipulation of any of the PL_*root pointers is protected by enclosing
113 LOCK_SV_MUTEX; ... UNLOCK_SV_MUTEX calls which should Do the Right Thing
114 if threads are enabled.
116 The function visit() scans the SV arenas list, and calls a specified
117 function for each SV it finds which is still live - ie which has an SvTYPE
118 other than all 1's, and a non-zero SvREFCNT. visit() is used by the
119 following functions (specified as [function that calls visit()] / [function
120 called by visit() for each SV]):
122 sv_report_used() / do_report_used()
123 dump all remaining SVs (debugging aid)
125 sv_clean_objs() / do_clean_objs(),do_clean_named_objs()
126 Attempt to free all objects pointed to by RVs,
127 and, unless DISABLE_DESTRUCTOR_KLUDGE is defined,
128 try to do the same for all objects indirectly
129 referenced by typeglobs too. Called once from
130 perl_destruct(), prior to calling sv_clean_all()
133 sv_clean_all() / do_clean_all()
134 SvREFCNT_dec(sv) each remaining SV, possibly
135 triggering an sv_free(). It also sets the
136 SVf_BREAK flag on the SV to indicate that the
137 refcnt has been artificially lowered, and thus
138 stopping sv_free() from giving spurious warnings
139 about SVs which unexpectedly have a refcnt
140 of zero. called repeatedly from perl_destruct()
141 until there are no SVs left.
145 Private API to rest of sv.c
149 new_XIV(), del_XIV(),
150 new_XNV(), del_XNV(),
155 sv_report_used(), sv_clean_objs(), sv_clean_all(), sv_free_arenas()
160 ============================================================================ */
165 * "A time to plant, and a time to uproot what was planted..."
169 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
171 # define FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(sv) PerlMemfree((sv)->sv_debug_file)
173 # define FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(sv) PerlMemShared_free((sv)->sv_debug_file)
176 # define FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(sv)
179 #define plant_SV(p) \
181 FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(p); \
182 SvANY(p) = (void *)PL_sv_root; \
183 SvFLAGS(p) = SVTYPEMASK; \
188 /* sv_mutex must be held while calling uproot_SV() */
189 #define uproot_SV(p) \
192 PL_sv_root = (SV*)SvANY(p); \
197 /* make some more SVs by adding another arena */
199 /* sv_mutex must be held while calling more_sv() */
206 sv_add_arena(PL_nice_chunk, PL_nice_chunk_size, 0);
207 PL_nice_chunk = Nullch;
208 PL_nice_chunk_size = 0;
211 char *chunk; /* must use New here to match call to */
212 New(704,chunk,PERL_ARENA_SIZE,char); /* Safefree() in sv_free_arenas() */
213 sv_add_arena(chunk, PERL_ARENA_SIZE, 0);
219 /* new_SV(): return a new, empty SV head */
221 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
222 /* provide a real function for a debugger to play with */
232 sv = S_more_sv(aTHX);
237 sv->sv_debug_optype = PL_op ? PL_op->op_type : 0;
238 sv->sv_debug_line = (U16) ((PL_copline == NOLINE) ?
239 (PL_curcop ? CopLINE(PL_curcop) : 0) : PL_copline);
240 sv->sv_debug_inpad = 0;
241 sv->sv_debug_cloned = 0;
243 sv->sv_debug_file = PL_curcop ? savepv(CopFILE(PL_curcop)): NULL;
245 sv->sv_debug_file = PL_curcop ? savesharedpv(CopFILE(PL_curcop)): NULL;
250 # define new_SV(p) (p)=S_new_SV(aTHX)
259 (p) = S_more_sv(aTHX); \
268 /* del_SV(): return an empty SV head to the free list */
283 S_del_sv(pTHX_ SV *p)
288 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = (SV *) SvANY(sva)) {
290 SV *svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva)];
291 if (p >= sv && p < svend) {
297 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
298 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
299 "Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%"UVxf
300 pTHX__FORMAT, PTR2UV(p) pTHX__VALUE);
307 #else /* ! DEBUGGING */
309 #define del_SV(p) plant_SV(p)
311 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
315 =head1 SV Manipulation Functions
317 =for apidoc sv_add_arena
319 Given a chunk of memory, link it to the head of the list of arenas,
320 and split it into a list of free SVs.
326 Perl_sv_add_arena(pTHX_ char *ptr, U32 size, U32 flags)
332 /* The first SV in an arena isn't an SV. */
333 SvANY(sva) = (void *) PL_sv_arenaroot; /* ptr to next arena */
334 SvREFCNT(sva) = size / sizeof(SV); /* number of SV slots */
335 SvFLAGS(sva) = flags; /* FAKE if not to be freed */
337 PL_sv_arenaroot = sva;
338 PL_sv_root = sva + 1;
340 svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva) - 1];
343 SvANY(sv) = (void *)(SV*)(sv + 1);
347 /* Must always set typemask because it's awlays checked in on cleanup
348 when the arenas are walked looking for objects. */
349 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVTYPEMASK;
356 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVTYPEMASK;
359 /* visit(): call the named function for each non-free SV in the arenas
360 * whose flags field matches the flags/mask args. */
363 S_visit(pTHX_ SVFUNC_t f, U32 flags, U32 mask)
368 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = (SV*)SvANY(sva)) {
369 register SV * const svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva)];
371 for (sv = sva + 1; sv < svend; ++sv) {
372 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVTYPEMASK
373 && (sv->sv_flags & mask) == flags
386 /* called by sv_report_used() for each live SV */
389 do_report_used(pTHX_ SV *sv)
391 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVTYPEMASK) {
392 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "****\n");
399 =for apidoc sv_report_used
401 Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed. (Debugging aid).
407 Perl_sv_report_used(pTHX)
410 visit(do_report_used, 0, 0);
414 /* called by sv_clean_objs() for each live SV */
417 do_clean_objs(pTHX_ SV *sv)
421 if (SvROK(sv) && SvOBJECT(rv = SvRV(sv))) {
422 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning object ref:\n "), sv_dump(sv)));
434 /* XXX Might want to check arrays, etc. */
437 /* called by sv_clean_objs() for each live SV */
439 #ifndef DISABLE_DESTRUCTOR_KLUDGE
441 do_clean_named_objs(pTHX_ SV *sv)
443 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV && GvGP(sv)) {
444 if ( SvOBJECT(GvSV(sv)) ||
445 (GvAV(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvAV(sv))) ||
446 (GvHV(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvHV(sv))) ||
447 (GvIO(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvIO(sv))) ||
448 (GvCV(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvCV(sv))) )
450 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning named glob object:\n "), sv_dump(sv)));
451 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_BREAK;
459 =for apidoc sv_clean_objs
461 Attempt to destroy all objects not yet freed
467 Perl_sv_clean_objs(pTHX)
469 PL_in_clean_objs = TRUE;
470 visit(do_clean_objs, SVf_ROK, SVf_ROK);
471 #ifndef DISABLE_DESTRUCTOR_KLUDGE
472 /* some barnacles may yet remain, clinging to typeglobs */
473 visit(do_clean_named_objs, SVt_PVGV, SVTYPEMASK);
475 PL_in_clean_objs = FALSE;
478 /* called by sv_clean_all() for each live SV */
481 do_clean_all(pTHX_ SV *sv)
483 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning loops: SV at 0x%"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(sv)) ));
484 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_BREAK;
485 if (PL_comppad == (AV*)sv) {
487 PL_curpad = Null(SV**);
493 =for apidoc sv_clean_all
495 Decrement the refcnt of each remaining SV, possibly triggering a
496 cleanup. This function may have to be called multiple times to free
497 SVs which are in complex self-referential hierarchies.
503 Perl_sv_clean_all(pTHX)
506 PL_in_clean_all = TRUE;
507 cleaned = visit(do_clean_all, 0,0);
508 PL_in_clean_all = FALSE;
513 =for apidoc sv_free_arenas
515 Deallocate the memory used by all arenas. Note that all the individual SV
516 heads and bodies within the arenas must already have been freed.
522 Perl_sv_free_arenas(pTHX)
526 void *arena, *arenanext;
528 /* Free arenas here, but be careful about fake ones. (We assume
529 contiguity of the fake ones with the corresponding real ones.) */
531 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = svanext) {
532 svanext = (SV*) SvANY(sva);
533 while (svanext && SvFAKE(svanext))
534 svanext = (SV*) SvANY(svanext);
540 for (arena = PL_xnv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
541 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
544 PL_xnv_arenaroot = 0;
547 for (arena = PL_xpv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
548 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
551 PL_xpv_arenaroot = 0;
554 for (arena = PL_xpviv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
555 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
558 PL_xpviv_arenaroot = 0;
561 for (arena = PL_xpvnv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
562 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
565 PL_xpvnv_arenaroot = 0;
568 for (arena = PL_xpvcv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
569 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
572 PL_xpvcv_arenaroot = 0;
575 for (arena = PL_xpvav_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
576 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
579 PL_xpvav_arenaroot = 0;
582 for (arena = PL_xpvhv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
583 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
586 PL_xpvhv_arenaroot = 0;
589 for (arena = PL_xpvmg_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
590 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
593 PL_xpvmg_arenaroot = 0;
596 for (arena = PL_xpvgv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
597 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
600 PL_xpvgv_arenaroot = 0;
603 for (arena = PL_xpvlv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
604 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
607 PL_xpvlv_arenaroot = 0;
610 for (arena = PL_xpvbm_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
611 arenanext = *(void **)arena;
614 PL_xpvbm_arenaroot = 0;
620 for (he = PL_he_arenaroot; he; he = he_next) {
621 he_next = HeNEXT(he);
628 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
630 struct ptr_tbl_ent *pte;
631 struct ptr_tbl_ent *pte_next;
632 for (pte = PL_pte_arenaroot; pte; pte = pte_next) {
633 pte_next = pte->next;
637 PL_pte_arenaroot = 0;
642 Safefree(PL_nice_chunk);
643 PL_nice_chunk = Nullch;
644 PL_nice_chunk_size = 0;
649 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
651 * support functions for report_uninit()
654 /* the maxiumum size of array or hash where we will scan looking
655 * for the undefined element that triggered the warning */
657 #define FUV_MAX_SEARCH_SIZE 1000
659 /* Look for an entry in the hash whose value has the same SV as val;
660 * If so, return a mortal copy of the key. */
663 S_find_hash_subscript(pTHX_ HV *hv, SV* val)
669 if (!hv || SvMAGICAL(hv) || !HvARRAY(hv) ||
670 (HvTOTALKEYS(hv) > FUV_MAX_SEARCH_SIZE))
675 for (i=HvMAX(hv); i>0; i--) {
677 for (entry = array[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
678 if (HeVAL(entry) != val)
680 if ( HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_undef ||
681 HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder)
685 if (HeKLEN(entry) == HEf_SVKEY)
686 return sv_mortalcopy(HeKEY_sv(entry));
687 return sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(HeKEY(entry), HeKLEN(entry)));
693 /* Look for an entry in the array whose value has the same SV as val;
694 * If so, return the index, otherwise return -1. */
697 S_find_array_subscript(pTHX_ AV *av, SV* val)
701 if (!av || SvMAGICAL(av) || !AvARRAY(av) ||
702 (AvFILLp(av) > FUV_MAX_SEARCH_SIZE))
706 for (i=AvFILLp(av); i>=0; i--) {
707 if (svp[i] == val && svp[i] != &PL_sv_undef)
713 /* S_varname(): return the name of a variable, optionally with a subscript.
714 * If gv is non-zero, use the name of that global, along with gvtype (one
715 * of "$", "@", "%"); otherwise use the name of the lexical at pad offset
716 * targ. Depending on the value of the subscript_type flag, return:
719 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE 1 /* "@foo" */
720 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY 2 /* "$foo[aindex]" */
721 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH 3 /* "$foo{keyname}" */
722 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN 4 /* "within @foo" */
725 S_varname(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *gvtype, PADOFFSET targ,
726 SV* keyname, I32 aindex, int subscript_type)
731 SV * const name = sv_newmortal();
734 /* simulate gv_fullname4(), but add literal '^' for $^FOO names
735 * XXX get rid of all this if gv_fullnameX() ever supports this
739 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
740 sv_setpv(name, gvtype);
743 else if (!(p=HvNAME_get(hv)))
745 if (strNE(p, "main")) {
747 sv_catpvn(name,"::", 2);
749 if (GvNAMELEN(gv)>= 1 &&
750 ((unsigned int)*GvNAME(gv)) <= 26)
752 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ name,"^%c", *GvNAME(gv) + 'A' - 1);
753 sv_catpvn(name,GvNAME(gv)+1,GvNAMELEN(gv)-1);
756 sv_catpvn(name,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
760 CV *cv = find_runcv(&u);
763 if (!cv || !CvPADLIST(cv))
765 av = (AV*)(*av_fetch(CvPADLIST(cv), 0, FALSE));
766 sv = *av_fetch(av, targ, FALSE);
767 /* SvLEN in a pad name is not to be trusted */
769 sv_setpvn(name, str, len);
772 if (subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH) {
775 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ name, "{%s}",
776 pv_display(sv,SvPVX_const(keyname), SvCUR(keyname), 0, 32));
779 else if (subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY) {
781 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ name, "[%"IVdf"]", (IV)aindex);
783 else if (subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN)
784 sv_insert(name, 0, 0, "within ", 7);
791 =for apidoc find_uninit_var
793 Find the name of the undefined variable (if any) that caused the operator o
794 to issue a "Use of uninitialized value" warning.
795 If match is true, only return a name if it's value matches uninit_sv.
796 So roughly speaking, if a unary operator (such as OP_COS) generates a
797 warning, then following the direct child of the op may yield an
798 OP_PADSV or OP_GV that gives the name of the undefined variable. On the
799 other hand, with OP_ADD there are two branches to follow, so we only print
800 the variable name if we get an exact match.
802 The name is returned as a mortal SV.
804 Assumes that PL_op is the op that originally triggered the error, and that
805 PL_comppad/PL_curpad points to the currently executing pad.
811 S_find_uninit_var(pTHX_ OP* obase, SV* uninit_sv, bool match)
820 if (!obase || (match && (!uninit_sv || uninit_sv == &PL_sv_undef ||
821 uninit_sv == &PL_sv_placeholder)))
824 switch (obase->op_type) {
831 const bool pad = (obase->op_type == OP_PADAV || obase->op_type == OP_PADHV);
832 const bool hash = (obase->op_type == OP_PADHV || obase->op_type == OP_RV2HV);
835 int subscript_type = FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN;
837 if (pad) { /* @lex, %lex */
838 sv = PAD_SVl(obase->op_targ);
842 if (cUNOPx(obase)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV) {
843 /* @global, %global */
844 gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(obase)->op_first);
847 sv = hash ? (SV*)GvHV(gv): (SV*)GvAV(gv);
849 else /* @{expr}, %{expr} */
850 return find_uninit_var(cUNOPx(obase)->op_first,
854 /* attempt to find a match within the aggregate */
856 keysv = S_find_hash_subscript(aTHX_ (HV*)sv, uninit_sv);
858 subscript_type = FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH;
861 index = S_find_array_subscript(aTHX_ (AV*)sv, uninit_sv);
863 subscript_type = FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY;
866 if (match && subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN)
869 return S_varname(aTHX_ gv, hash ? "%" : "@", obase->op_targ,
870 keysv, index, subscript_type);
874 if (match && PAD_SVl(obase->op_targ) != uninit_sv)
876 return S_varname(aTHX_ Nullgv, "$", obase->op_targ,
877 Nullsv, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
880 gv = cGVOPx_gv(obase);
881 if (!gv || (match && GvSV(gv) != uninit_sv))
883 return S_varname(aTHX_ gv, "$", 0, Nullsv, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
886 if (obase->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { /* lexical array */
888 av = (AV*)PAD_SV(obase->op_targ);
889 if (!av || SvRMAGICAL(av))
891 svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)obase->op_private, FALSE);
892 if (!svp || *svp != uninit_sv)
895 return S_varname(aTHX_ Nullgv, "$", obase->op_targ,
896 Nullsv, (I32)obase->op_private, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
899 gv = cGVOPx_gv(obase);
904 if (!av || SvRMAGICAL(av))
906 svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)obase->op_private, FALSE);
907 if (!svp || *svp != uninit_sv)
910 return S_varname(aTHX_ gv, "$", 0,
911 Nullsv, (I32)obase->op_private, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
916 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
917 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_NULL ||
918 ! (o->op_targ == OP_AELEM || o->op_targ == OP_HELEM))
920 return find_uninit_var(cBINOPo->op_last, uninit_sv, match);
925 /* $a[uninit_expr] or $h{uninit_expr} */
926 return find_uninit_var(cBINOPx(obase)->op_last, uninit_sv, match);
929 o = cBINOPx(obase)->op_first;
930 kid = cBINOPx(obase)->op_last;
932 /* get the av or hv, and optionally the gv */
934 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_PADHV) {
935 sv = PAD_SV(o->op_targ);
937 else if ((o->op_type == OP_RV2AV || o->op_type == OP_RV2HV)
938 && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_GV)
940 gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
943 sv = o->op_type == OP_RV2HV ? (SV*)GvHV(gv) : (SV*)GvAV(gv);
948 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_CONST && SvOK(cSVOPx_sv(kid))) {
949 /* index is constant */
953 if (obase->op_type == OP_HELEM) {
954 HE* he = hv_fetch_ent((HV*)sv, cSVOPx_sv(kid), 0, 0);
955 if (!he || HeVAL(he) != uninit_sv)
959 svp = av_fetch((AV*)sv, SvIV(cSVOPx_sv(kid)), FALSE);
960 if (!svp || *svp != uninit_sv)
964 if (obase->op_type == OP_HELEM)
965 return S_varname(aTHX_ gv, "%", o->op_targ,
966 cSVOPx_sv(kid), 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH);
968 return S_varname(aTHX_ gv, "@", o->op_targ, Nullsv,
969 SvIV(cSVOPx_sv(kid)), FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
973 /* index is an expression;
974 * attempt to find a match within the aggregate */
975 if (obase->op_type == OP_HELEM) {
976 SV *keysv = S_find_hash_subscript(aTHX_ (HV*)sv, uninit_sv);
978 return S_varname(aTHX_ gv, "%", o->op_targ,
979 keysv, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH);
982 const I32 index = S_find_array_subscript(aTHX_ (AV*)sv, uninit_sv);
984 return S_varname(aTHX_ gv, "@", o->op_targ,
985 Nullsv, index, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
989 return S_varname(aTHX_ gv,
990 (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV)
992 o->op_targ, Nullsv, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN);
998 /* only examine RHS */
999 return find_uninit_var(cBINOPx(obase)->op_first, uninit_sv, match);
1002 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
1003 if (o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
1006 if (!o->op_sibling) {
1007 /* one-arg version of open is highly magical */
1009 if (o->op_type == OP_GV) { /* open FOO; */
1011 if (match && GvSV(gv) != uninit_sv)
1013 return S_varname(aTHX_ gv, "$", 0,
1014 Nullsv, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
1016 /* other possibilities not handled are:
1017 * open $x; or open my $x; should return '${*$x}'
1018 * open expr; should return '$'.expr ideally
1024 /* ops where $_ may be an implicit arg */
1028 if ( !(obase->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1029 if (uninit_sv == ((obase->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1030 ? PAD_SVl(obase->op_targ)
1033 sv = sv_newmortal();
1034 sv_setpvn(sv, "$_", 2);
1042 /* skip filehandle as it can't produce 'undef' warning */
1043 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
1044 if ((obase->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
1045 o = o->op_sibling->op_sibling;
1052 match = 1; /* XS or custom code could trigger random warnings */
1057 if (SvROK(PL_rs) && uninit_sv == SvRV(PL_rs))
1058 return sv_2mortal(newSVpv("${$/}", 0));
1063 if (!(obase->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1065 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
1071 /* if all except one arg are constant, or have no side-effects,
1072 * or are optimized away, then it's unambiguous */
1074 for (kid=o; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1076 ( (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && SvOK(cSVOPx_sv(kid)))
1077 || (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && ! (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1078 || (kid->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
1082 if (o2) { /* more than one found */
1089 return find_uninit_var(o2, uninit_sv, match);
1093 sv = find_uninit_var(o, uninit_sv, 1);
1105 =for apidoc report_uninit
1107 Print appropriate "Use of uninitialized variable" warning
1113 Perl_report_uninit(pTHX_ SV* uninit_sv)
1116 SV* varname = Nullsv;
1118 varname = find_uninit_var(PL_op, uninit_sv,0);
1120 sv_insert(varname, 0, 0, " ", 1);
1122 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED), PL_warn_uninit,
1123 varname ? SvPV_nolen(varname) : "",
1124 " in ", OP_DESC(PL_op));
1127 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED), PL_warn_uninit,
1131 /* allocate another arena's worth of NV bodies */
1139 New(711, ptr, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(NV), NV);
1140 *((void **) ptr) = (void *)PL_xnv_arenaroot;
1141 PL_xnv_arenaroot = ptr;
1144 xnvend = &xnv[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(NV) - 1];
1145 xnv += (sizeof(XPVIV) - 1) / sizeof(NV) + 1; /* fudge by sizeof XPVIV */
1147 while (xnv < xnvend) {
1148 *(NV**)xnv = (NV*)(xnv + 1);
1154 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpv */
1160 xpv_allocated* xpvend;
1161 New(713, xpv, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(xpv_allocated), xpv_allocated);
1162 *((xpv_allocated**)xpv) = PL_xpv_arenaroot;
1163 PL_xpv_arenaroot = xpv;
1165 xpvend = &xpv[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(xpv_allocated) - 1];
1166 PL_xpv_root = ++xpv;
1167 while (xpv < xpvend) {
1168 *((xpv_allocated**)xpv) = xpv + 1;
1171 *((xpv_allocated**)xpv) = 0;
1174 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpviv */
1179 xpviv_allocated* xpviv;
1180 xpviv_allocated* xpvivend;
1181 New(713, xpviv, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(xpviv_allocated), xpviv_allocated);
1182 *((xpviv_allocated**)xpviv) = PL_xpviv_arenaroot;
1183 PL_xpviv_arenaroot = xpviv;
1185 xpvivend = &xpviv[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(xpviv_allocated) - 1];
1186 PL_xpviv_root = ++xpviv;
1187 while (xpviv < xpvivend) {
1188 *((xpviv_allocated**)xpviv) = xpviv + 1;
1191 *((xpviv_allocated**)xpviv) = 0;
1194 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvnv */
1201 New(715, xpvnv, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(XPVNV), XPVNV);
1202 *((XPVNV**)xpvnv) = PL_xpvnv_arenaroot;
1203 PL_xpvnv_arenaroot = xpvnv;
1205 xpvnvend = &xpvnv[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(XPVNV) - 1];
1206 PL_xpvnv_root = ++xpvnv;
1207 while (xpvnv < xpvnvend) {
1208 *((XPVNV**)xpvnv) = xpvnv + 1;
1211 *((XPVNV**)xpvnv) = 0;
1214 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvcv */
1221 New(716, xpvcv, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(XPVCV), XPVCV);
1222 *((XPVCV**)xpvcv) = PL_xpvcv_arenaroot;
1223 PL_xpvcv_arenaroot = xpvcv;
1225 xpvcvend = &xpvcv[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(XPVCV) - 1];
1226 PL_xpvcv_root = ++xpvcv;
1227 while (xpvcv < xpvcvend) {
1228 *((XPVCV**)xpvcv) = xpvcv + 1;
1231 *((XPVCV**)xpvcv) = 0;
1234 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvav */
1239 xpvav_allocated* xpvav;
1240 xpvav_allocated* xpvavend;
1241 New(717, xpvav, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(xpvav_allocated),
1243 *((xpvav_allocated**)xpvav) = PL_xpvav_arenaroot;
1244 PL_xpvav_arenaroot = xpvav;
1246 xpvavend = &xpvav[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(xpvav_allocated) - 1];
1247 PL_xpvav_root = ++xpvav;
1248 while (xpvav < xpvavend) {
1249 *((xpvav_allocated**)xpvav) = xpvav + 1;
1252 *((xpvav_allocated**)xpvav) = 0;
1255 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvhv */
1260 xpvhv_allocated* xpvhv;
1261 xpvhv_allocated* xpvhvend;
1262 New(718, xpvhv, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(xpvhv_allocated),
1264 *((xpvhv_allocated**)xpvhv) = PL_xpvhv_arenaroot;
1265 PL_xpvhv_arenaroot = xpvhv;
1267 xpvhvend = &xpvhv[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(xpvhv_allocated) - 1];
1268 PL_xpvhv_root = ++xpvhv;
1269 while (xpvhv < xpvhvend) {
1270 *((xpvhv_allocated**)xpvhv) = xpvhv + 1;
1273 *((xpvhv_allocated**)xpvhv) = 0;
1276 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvmg */
1283 New(719, xpvmg, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(XPVMG), XPVMG);
1284 *((XPVMG**)xpvmg) = PL_xpvmg_arenaroot;
1285 PL_xpvmg_arenaroot = xpvmg;
1287 xpvmgend = &xpvmg[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(XPVMG) - 1];
1288 PL_xpvmg_root = ++xpvmg;
1289 while (xpvmg < xpvmgend) {
1290 *((XPVMG**)xpvmg) = xpvmg + 1;
1293 *((XPVMG**)xpvmg) = 0;
1296 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvgv */
1303 New(720, xpvgv, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(XPVGV), XPVGV);
1304 *((XPVGV**)xpvgv) = PL_xpvgv_arenaroot;
1305 PL_xpvgv_arenaroot = xpvgv;
1307 xpvgvend = &xpvgv[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(XPVGV) - 1];
1308 PL_xpvgv_root = ++xpvgv;
1309 while (xpvgv < xpvgvend) {
1310 *((XPVGV**)xpvgv) = xpvgv + 1;
1313 *((XPVGV**)xpvgv) = 0;
1316 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvlv */
1323 New(720, xpvlv, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(XPVLV), XPVLV);
1324 *((XPVLV**)xpvlv) = PL_xpvlv_arenaroot;
1325 PL_xpvlv_arenaroot = xpvlv;
1327 xpvlvend = &xpvlv[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(XPVLV) - 1];
1328 PL_xpvlv_root = ++xpvlv;
1329 while (xpvlv < xpvlvend) {
1330 *((XPVLV**)xpvlv) = xpvlv + 1;
1333 *((XPVLV**)xpvlv) = 0;
1336 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvbm */
1343 New(721, xpvbm, PERL_ARENA_SIZE/sizeof(XPVBM), XPVBM);
1344 *((XPVBM**)xpvbm) = PL_xpvbm_arenaroot;
1345 PL_xpvbm_arenaroot = xpvbm;
1347 xpvbmend = &xpvbm[PERL_ARENA_SIZE / sizeof(XPVBM) - 1];
1348 PL_xpvbm_root = ++xpvbm;
1349 while (xpvbm < xpvbmend) {
1350 *((XPVBM**)xpvbm) = xpvbm + 1;
1353 *((XPVBM**)xpvbm) = 0;
1356 /* grab a new NV body from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1366 PL_xnv_root = *(NV**)xnv;
1368 return (XPVNV*)((char*)xnv - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVNV, xnv_nv));
1371 /* return an NV body to the free list */
1374 S_del_xnv(pTHX_ XPVNV *p)
1376 NV* xnv = (NV*)((char*)(p) + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVNV, xnv_nv));
1378 *(NV**)xnv = PL_xnv_root;
1383 /* grab a new struct xpv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1393 PL_xpv_root = *(xpv_allocated**)xpv;
1395 /* If xpv_allocated is the same structure as XPV then the two OFFSETs
1396 sum to zero, and the pointer is unchanged. If the allocated structure
1397 is smaller (no initial IV actually allocated) then the net effect is
1398 to subtract the size of the IV from the pointer, to return a new pointer
1399 as if an initial IV were actually allocated. */
1400 return (XPV*)((char*)xpv - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur)
1401 + STRUCT_OFFSET(xpv_allocated, xpv_cur));
1404 /* return a struct xpv to the free list */
1407 S_del_xpv(pTHX_ XPV *p)
1410 = (xpv_allocated*)((char*)(p) + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur)
1411 - STRUCT_OFFSET(xpv_allocated, xpv_cur));
1413 *(xpv_allocated**)xpv = PL_xpv_root;
1418 /* grab a new struct xpviv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1423 xpviv_allocated* xpviv;
1427 xpviv = PL_xpviv_root;
1428 PL_xpviv_root = *(xpviv_allocated**)xpviv;
1430 /* If xpviv_allocated is the same structure as XPVIV then the two OFFSETs
1431 sum to zero, and the pointer is unchanged. If the allocated structure
1432 is smaller (no initial IV actually allocated) then the net effect is
1433 to subtract the size of the IV from the pointer, to return a new pointer
1434 as if an initial IV were actually allocated. */
1435 return (XPVIV*)((char*)xpviv - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xpv_cur)
1436 + STRUCT_OFFSET(xpviv_allocated, xpv_cur));
1439 /* return a struct xpviv to the free list */
1442 S_del_xpviv(pTHX_ XPVIV *p)
1444 xpviv_allocated* xpviv
1445 = (xpviv_allocated*)((char*)(p) + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xpv_cur)
1446 - STRUCT_OFFSET(xpviv_allocated, xpv_cur));
1448 *(xpviv_allocated**)xpviv = PL_xpviv_root;
1449 PL_xpviv_root = xpviv;
1453 /* grab a new struct xpvnv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1462 xpvnv = PL_xpvnv_root;
1463 PL_xpvnv_root = *(XPVNV**)xpvnv;
1468 /* return a struct xpvnv to the free list */
1471 S_del_xpvnv(pTHX_ XPVNV *p)
1474 *(XPVNV**)p = PL_xpvnv_root;
1479 /* grab a new struct xpvcv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1488 xpvcv = PL_xpvcv_root;
1489 PL_xpvcv_root = *(XPVCV**)xpvcv;
1494 /* return a struct xpvcv to the free list */
1497 S_del_xpvcv(pTHX_ XPVCV *p)
1500 *(XPVCV**)p = PL_xpvcv_root;
1505 /* grab a new struct xpvav from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1510 xpvav_allocated* xpvav;
1514 xpvav = PL_xpvav_root;
1515 PL_xpvav_root = *(xpvav_allocated**)xpvav;
1517 return (XPVAV*)((char*)xpvav - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVAV, xav_fill)
1518 + STRUCT_OFFSET(xpvav_allocated, xav_fill));
1521 /* return a struct xpvav to the free list */
1524 S_del_xpvav(pTHX_ XPVAV *p)
1526 xpvav_allocated* xpvav
1527 = (xpvav_allocated*)((char*)(p) + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVAV, xav_fill)
1528 - STRUCT_OFFSET(xpvav_allocated, xav_fill));
1530 *(xpvav_allocated**)xpvav = PL_xpvav_root;
1531 PL_xpvav_root = xpvav;
1535 /* grab a new struct xpvhv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1540 xpvhv_allocated* xpvhv;
1544 xpvhv = PL_xpvhv_root;
1545 PL_xpvhv_root = *(xpvhv_allocated**)xpvhv;
1547 return (XPVHV*)((char*)xpvhv - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVHV, xhv_fill)
1548 + STRUCT_OFFSET(xpvhv_allocated, xhv_fill));
1551 /* return a struct xpvhv to the free list */
1554 S_del_xpvhv(pTHX_ XPVHV *p)
1556 xpvhv_allocated* xpvhv
1557 = (xpvhv_allocated*)((char*)(p) + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVHV, xhv_fill)
1558 - STRUCT_OFFSET(xpvhv_allocated, xhv_fill));
1560 *(xpvhv_allocated**)xpvhv = PL_xpvhv_root;
1561 PL_xpvhv_root = xpvhv;
1565 /* grab a new struct xpvmg from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1574 xpvmg = PL_xpvmg_root;
1575 PL_xpvmg_root = *(XPVMG**)xpvmg;
1580 /* return a struct xpvmg to the free list */
1583 S_del_xpvmg(pTHX_ XPVMG *p)
1586 *(XPVMG**)p = PL_xpvmg_root;
1591 /* grab a new struct xpvgv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1600 xpvgv = PL_xpvgv_root;
1601 PL_xpvgv_root = *(XPVGV**)xpvgv;
1606 /* return a struct xpvgv to the free list */
1609 S_del_xpvgv(pTHX_ XPVGV *p)
1612 *(XPVGV**)p = PL_xpvgv_root;
1617 /* grab a new struct xpvlv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1626 xpvlv = PL_xpvlv_root;
1627 PL_xpvlv_root = *(XPVLV**)xpvlv;
1632 /* return a struct xpvlv to the free list */
1635 S_del_xpvlv(pTHX_ XPVLV *p)
1638 *(XPVLV**)p = PL_xpvlv_root;
1643 /* grab a new struct xpvbm from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1652 xpvbm = PL_xpvbm_root;
1653 PL_xpvbm_root = *(XPVBM**)xpvbm;
1658 /* return a struct xpvbm to the free list */
1661 S_del_xpvbm(pTHX_ XPVBM *p)
1664 *(XPVBM**)p = PL_xpvbm_root;
1669 #define my_safemalloc(s) (void*)safemalloc(s)
1670 #define my_safefree(p) safefree((char*)p)
1674 #define new_XNV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVNV))
1675 #define del_XNV(p) my_safefree(p)
1677 #define new_XPV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPV))
1678 #define del_XPV(p) my_safefree(p)
1680 #define new_XPVIV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVIV))
1681 #define del_XPVIV(p) my_safefree(p)
1683 #define new_XPVNV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVNV))
1684 #define del_XPVNV(p) my_safefree(p)
1686 #define new_XPVCV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVCV))
1687 #define del_XPVCV(p) my_safefree(p)
1689 #define new_XPVAV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVAV))
1690 #define del_XPVAV(p) my_safefree(p)
1692 #define new_XPVHV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVHV))
1693 #define del_XPVHV(p) my_safefree(p)
1695 #define new_XPVMG() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVMG))
1696 #define del_XPVMG(p) my_safefree(p)
1698 #define new_XPVGV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVGV))
1699 #define del_XPVGV(p) my_safefree(p)
1701 #define new_XPVLV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVLV))
1702 #define del_XPVLV(p) my_safefree(p)
1704 #define new_XPVBM() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVBM))
1705 #define del_XPVBM(p) my_safefree(p)
1709 #define new_XNV() (void*)new_xnv()
1710 #define del_XNV(p) del_xnv((XPVNV*) p)
1712 #define new_XPV() (void*)new_xpv()
1713 #define del_XPV(p) del_xpv((XPV *)p)
1715 #define new_XPVIV() (void*)new_xpviv()
1716 #define del_XPVIV(p) del_xpviv((XPVIV *)p)
1718 #define new_XPVNV() (void*)new_xpvnv()
1719 #define del_XPVNV(p) del_xpvnv((XPVNV *)p)
1721 #define new_XPVCV() (void*)new_xpvcv()
1722 #define del_XPVCV(p) del_xpvcv((XPVCV *)p)
1724 #define new_XPVAV() (void*)new_xpvav()
1725 #define del_XPVAV(p) del_xpvav((XPVAV *)p)
1727 #define new_XPVHV() (void*)new_xpvhv()
1728 #define del_XPVHV(p) del_xpvhv((XPVHV *)p)
1730 #define new_XPVMG() (void*)new_xpvmg()
1731 #define del_XPVMG(p) del_xpvmg((XPVMG *)p)
1733 #define new_XPVGV() (void*)new_xpvgv()
1734 #define del_XPVGV(p) del_xpvgv((XPVGV *)p)
1736 #define new_XPVLV() (void*)new_xpvlv()
1737 #define del_XPVLV(p) del_xpvlv((XPVLV *)p)
1739 #define new_XPVBM() (void*)new_xpvbm()
1740 #define del_XPVBM(p) del_xpvbm((XPVBM *)p)
1744 #define new_XPVFM() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVFM))
1745 #define del_XPVFM(p) my_safefree(p)
1747 #define new_XPVIO() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVIO))
1748 #define del_XPVIO(p) my_safefree(p)
1751 =for apidoc sv_upgrade
1753 Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the
1754 SV, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body.
1755 You generally want to use the C<SvUPGRADE> macro wrapper. See also C<svtype>.
1761 Perl_sv_upgrade(pTHX_ register SV *sv, U32 mt)
1772 if (mt != SVt_PV && SvIsCOW(sv)) {
1773 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
1776 if (SvTYPE(sv) == mt)
1787 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1794 else if (mt < SVt_PVIV)
1804 pv = (char*)SvRV(sv);
1807 pv = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1813 else if (mt == SVt_NV)
1817 pv = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1821 del_XPVIV(SvANY(sv));
1824 pv = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1829 del_XPVNV(SvANY(sv));
1832 /* Because the XPVMG of PL_mess_sv isn't allocated from the arena,
1833 there's no way that it can be safely upgraded, because perl.c
1834 expects to Safefree(SvANY(PL_mess_sv)) */
1835 assert(sv != PL_mess_sv);
1836 /* This flag bit is used to mean other things in other scalar types.
1837 Given that it only has meaning inside the pad, it shouldn't be set
1838 on anything that can get upgraded. */
1839 assert((SvFLAGS(sv) & SVpad_TYPED) == 0);
1840 pv = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1845 magic = SvMAGIC(sv);
1846 stash = SvSTASH(sv);
1847 del_XPVMG(SvANY(sv));
1850 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't upgrade that kind of scalar");
1853 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVTYPEMASK;
1858 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't upgrade to undef");
1860 SvANY(sv) = (XPVIV*)((char*)&(sv->sv_u.svu_iv) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
1864 SvANY(sv) = new_XNV();
1868 SvANY(sv) = &sv->sv_u.svu_rv;
1869 SvRV_set(sv, (SV*)pv);
1872 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVHV();
1875 HvTOTALKEYS(sv) = 0;
1877 /* Fall through... */
1880 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVAV();
1887 /* XXX? Only SVt_NULL is ever upgraded to AV or HV? */
1889 /* FIXME. Should be able to remove all this if()... if the above
1890 assertion is genuinely always true. */
1893 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVf_OOK;
1896 SvPV_set(sv, (char*)0);
1897 SvMAGIC_set(sv, magic);
1898 SvSTASH_set(sv, stash);
1902 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVIO();
1903 Zero(SvANY(sv), 1, XPVIO);
1904 IoPAGE_LEN(sv) = 60;
1905 goto set_magic_common;
1907 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVFM();
1908 Zero(SvANY(sv), 1, XPVFM);
1909 goto set_magic_common;
1911 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVBM();
1915 goto set_magic_common;
1917 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVGV();
1923 goto set_magic_common;
1925 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVCV();
1926 Zero(SvANY(sv), 1, XPVCV);
1927 goto set_magic_common;
1929 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVLV();
1942 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVMG();
1945 SvMAGIC_set(sv, magic);
1946 SvSTASH_set(sv, stash);
1950 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVNV();
1956 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVIV();
1965 SvANY(sv) = new_XPV();
1976 =for apidoc sv_backoff
1978 Remove any string offset. You should normally use the C<SvOOK_off> macro
1985 Perl_sv_backoff(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
1988 assert(SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVHV);
1989 assert(SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVAV);
1991 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
1992 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv) + SvIVX(sv));
1993 SvPV_set(sv, SvPVX(sv) - SvIVX(sv));
1995 Move(s, SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv)+1, char);
1997 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVf_OOK;
2004 Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses C<sv_unref> and
2005 upgrades the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
2006 Use the C<SvGROW> wrapper instead.
2012 Perl_sv_grow(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register STRLEN newlen)
2016 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
2017 if (newlen >= 0x10000) {
2018 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2019 "Allocation too large: %"UVxf"\n", (UV)newlen);
2022 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
2025 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PV) {
2026 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
2029 else if (SvOOK(sv)) { /* pv is offset? */
2032 if (newlen > SvLEN(sv))
2033 newlen += 10 * (newlen - SvCUR(sv)); /* avoid copy each time */
2034 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
2035 if (newlen >= 0x10000)
2040 s = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
2042 if (newlen > SvLEN(sv)) { /* need more room? */
2043 newlen = PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(newlen);
2044 if (SvLEN(sv) && s) {
2046 const STRLEN l = malloced_size((void*)SvPVX(sv));
2052 s = saferealloc(s, newlen);
2055 s = safemalloc(newlen);
2056 if (SvPVX_const(sv) && SvCUR(sv)) {
2057 Move(SvPVX_const(sv), s, (newlen < SvCUR(sv)) ? newlen : SvCUR(sv), char);
2061 SvLEN_set(sv, newlen);
2067 =for apidoc sv_setiv
2069 Copies an integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
2070 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setiv_mg>.
2076 Perl_sv_setiv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, IV i)
2078 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
2079 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
2081 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
2084 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2088 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
2097 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to integer in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
2100 (void)SvIOK_only(sv); /* validate number */
2106 =for apidoc sv_setiv_mg
2108 Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2114 Perl_sv_setiv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, IV i)
2121 =for apidoc sv_setuv
2123 Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
2124 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setuv_mg>.
2130 Perl_sv_setuv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, UV u)
2132 /* With these two if statements:
2133 u=1.49 s=0.52 cu=72.49 cs=10.64 scripts=270 tests=20865
2136 u=1.35 s=0.47 cu=73.45 cs=11.43 scripts=270 tests=20865
2138 If you wish to remove them, please benchmark to see what the effect is
2140 if (u <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2141 sv_setiv(sv, (IV)u);
2150 =for apidoc sv_setuv_mg
2152 Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2158 Perl_sv_setuv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, UV u)
2160 /* With these two if statements:
2161 u=1.49 s=0.52 cu=72.49 cs=10.64 scripts=270 tests=20865
2164 u=1.35 s=0.47 cu=73.45 cs=11.43 scripts=270 tests=20865
2166 If you wish to remove them, please benchmark to see what the effect is
2168 if (u <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2169 sv_setiv(sv, (IV)u);
2179 =for apidoc sv_setnv
2181 Copies a double into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
2182 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setnv_mg>.
2188 Perl_sv_setnv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, NV num)
2190 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
2191 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
2194 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
2199 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2208 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to number in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
2212 (void)SvNOK_only(sv); /* validate number */
2217 =for apidoc sv_setnv_mg
2219 Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2225 Perl_sv_setnv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, NV num)
2231 /* Print an "isn't numeric" warning, using a cleaned-up,
2232 * printable version of the offending string
2236 S_not_a_number(pTHX_ SV *sv)
2243 dsv = sv_2mortal(newSVpv("", 0));
2244 pv = sv_uni_display(dsv, sv, 10, 0);
2247 char *limit = tmpbuf + sizeof(tmpbuf) - 8;
2248 /* each *s can expand to 4 chars + "...\0",
2249 i.e. need room for 8 chars */
2251 const char *s, *end;
2252 for (s = SvPVX_const(sv), end = s + SvCUR(sv); s < end && d < limit;
2255 if (ch & 128 && !isPRINT_LC(ch)) {
2264 else if (ch == '\r') {
2268 else if (ch == '\f') {
2272 else if (ch == '\\') {
2276 else if (ch == '\0') {
2280 else if (isPRINT_LC(ch))
2297 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NUMERIC),
2298 "Argument \"%s\" isn't numeric in %s", pv,
2301 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NUMERIC),
2302 "Argument \"%s\" isn't numeric", pv);
2306 =for apidoc looks_like_number
2308 Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
2309 C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
2310 non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
2316 Perl_looks_like_number(pTHX_ SV *sv)
2318 register const char *sbegin;
2322 sbegin = SvPVX_const(sv);
2325 else if (SvPOKp(sv))
2326 sbegin = SvPV_const(sv, len);
2328 return SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVf_NOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_IOK|SVp_IOK);
2329 return grok_number(sbegin, len, NULL);
2332 /* Actually, ISO C leaves conversion of UV to IV undefined, but
2333 until proven guilty, assume that things are not that bad... */
2338 As 64 bit platforms often have an NV that doesn't preserve all bits of
2339 an IV (an assumption perl has been based on to date) it becomes necessary
2340 to remove the assumption that the NV always carries enough precision to
2341 recreate the IV whenever needed, and that the NV is the canonical form.
2342 Instead, IV/UV and NV need to be given equal rights. So as to not lose
2343 precision as a side effect of conversion (which would lead to insanity
2344 and the dragon(s) in t/op/numconvert.t getting very angry) the intent is
2345 1) to distinguish between IV/UV/NV slots that have cached a valid
2346 conversion where precision was lost and IV/UV/NV slots that have a
2347 valid conversion which has lost no precision
2348 2) to ensure that if a numeric conversion to one form is requested that
2349 would lose precision, the precise conversion (or differently
2350 imprecise conversion) is also performed and cached, to prevent
2351 requests for different numeric formats on the same SV causing
2352 lossy conversion chains. (lossless conversion chains are perfectly
2357 SvIOKp is true if the IV slot contains a valid value
2358 SvIOK is true only if the IV value is accurate (UV if SvIOK_UV true)
2359 SvNOKp is true if the NV slot contains a valid value
2360 SvNOK is true only if the NV value is accurate
2363 while converting from PV to NV, check to see if converting that NV to an
2364 IV(or UV) would lose accuracy over a direct conversion from PV to
2365 IV(or UV). If it would, cache both conversions, return NV, but mark
2366 SV as IOK NOKp (ie not NOK).
2368 While converting from PV to IV, check to see if converting that IV to an
2369 NV would lose accuracy over a direct conversion from PV to NV. If it
2370 would, cache both conversions, flag similarly.
2372 Before, the SV value "3.2" could become NV=3.2 IV=3 NOK, IOK quite
2373 correctly because if IV & NV were set NV *always* overruled.
2374 Now, "3.2" will become NV=3.2 IV=3 NOK, IOKp, because the flag's meaning
2375 changes - now IV and NV together means that the two are interchangeable:
2376 SvIVX == (IV) SvNVX && SvNVX == (NV) SvIVX;
2378 The benefit of this is that operations such as pp_add know that if
2379 SvIOK is true for both left and right operands, then integer addition
2380 can be used instead of floating point (for cases where the result won't
2381 overflow). Before, floating point was always used, which could lead to
2382 loss of precision compared with integer addition.
2384 * making IV and NV equal status should make maths accurate on 64 bit
2386 * may speed up maths somewhat if pp_add and friends start to use
2387 integers when possible instead of fp. (Hopefully the overhead in
2388 looking for SvIOK and checking for overflow will not outweigh the
2389 fp to integer speedup)
2390 * will slow down integer operations (callers of SvIV) on "inaccurate"
2391 values, as the change from SvIOK to SvIOKp will cause a call into
2392 sv_2iv each time rather than a macro access direct to the IV slot
2393 * should speed up number->string conversion on integers as IV is
2394 favoured when IV and NV are equally accurate
2396 ####################################################################
2397 You had better be using SvIOK_notUV if you want an IV for arithmetic:
2398 SvIOK is true if (IV or UV), so you might be getting (IV)SvUV.
2399 On the other hand, SvUOK is true iff UV.
2400 ####################################################################
2402 Your mileage will vary depending your CPU's relative fp to integer
2406 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2407 # define IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_IV 1
2408 # define IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_UV 2
2409 # define IS_NUMBER_IV_AND_UV 2
2410 # define IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV 4
2411 # define IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV 5
2413 /* sv_2iuv_non_preserve(): private routine for use by sv_2iv() and sv_2uv() */
2415 /* For sv_2nv these three cases are "SvNOK and don't bother casting" */
2417 S_sv_2iuv_non_preserve(pTHX_ register SV *sv, I32 numtype)
2419 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_2iuv_non '%s', IV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"NVgf" inttype=%"UVXf"\n", SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv), (UV)numtype));
2420 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MIN) {
2421 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2423 SvIV_set(sv, IV_MIN);
2424 return IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_IV;
2426 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
2427 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2430 SvUV_set(sv, UV_MAX);
2431 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV;
2433 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2435 /* Can't use strtol etc to convert this string. (See truth table in
2437 if (SvNVX(sv) <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2438 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2439 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2440 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Integer is precise. NOK, IOK */
2442 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
2444 return SvNVX(sv) < 0 ? IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_UV : IS_NUMBER_IV_AND_UV;
2447 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2448 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2449 if (SvUVX(sv) == UV_MAX) {
2450 /* As we know that NVs don't preserve UVs, UV_MAX cannot
2451 possibly be preserved by NV. Hence, it must be overflow.
2453 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV;
2455 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Integer is precise. NOK, UOK */
2457 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
2459 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV;
2461 #endif /* !NV_PRESERVES_UV*/
2463 /* sv_2iv() is now a macro using Perl_sv_2iv_flags();
2464 * this function provided for binary compatibility only
2468 Perl_sv_2iv(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
2470 return sv_2iv_flags(sv, SV_GMAGIC);
2474 =for apidoc sv_2iv_flags
2476 Return the integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
2477 conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
2478 Normally used via the C<SvIV(sv)> and C<SvIVx(sv)> macros.
2484 Perl_sv_2iv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *sv, I32 flags)
2488 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
2489 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2494 return I_V(SvNVX(sv));
2496 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv))
2499 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
2500 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
2506 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2509 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpstr=AMG_CALLun(sv,numer)) &&
2510 (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv))))
2511 return SvIV(tmpstr);
2512 return PTR2IV(SvRV(sv));
2515 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
2517 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2518 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2525 return (IV)(SvUVX(sv));
2532 /* erm. not sure. *should* never get NOKp (without NOK) from sv_2nv
2533 * without also getting a cached IV/UV from it at the same time
2534 * (ie PV->NV conversion should detect loss of accuracy and cache
2535 * IV or UV at same time to avoid this. NWC */
2537 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_NV)
2538 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2540 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv); /* Must do this first, to clear any SvOOK */
2541 /* < not <= as for NV doesn't preserve UV, ((NV)IV_MAX+1) will almost
2542 certainly cast into the IV range at IV_MAX, whereas the correct
2543 answer is the UV IV_MAX +1. Hence < ensures that dodgy boundary
2545 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2546 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2547 if (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvIVX(sv)
2548 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2549 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2550 (UV)(SvIVX(sv) > 0 ? SvIVX(sv) : -SvIVX(sv)))
2551 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2552 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2553 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2556 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Can this go wrong with rounding? NWC */
2557 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2558 "0x%"UVxf" iv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (precise)\n",
2564 /* IV not precise. No need to convert from PV, as NV
2565 conversion would already have cached IV if it detected
2566 that PV->IV would be better than PV->NV->IV
2567 flags already correct - don't set public IOK. */
2568 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2569 "0x%"UVxf" iv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (imprecise)\n",
2574 /* Can the above go wrong if SvIVX == IV_MIN and SvNVX < IV_MIN,
2575 but the cast (NV)IV_MIN rounds to a the value less (more
2576 negative) than IV_MIN which happens to be equal to SvNVX ??
2577 Analogous to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF rounding up to NV (2**64) and
2578 NV rounding back to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, so UVX == UV(NVX) and
2579 (NV)UVX == NVX are both true, but the values differ. :-(
2580 Hopefully for 2s complement IV_MIN is something like
2581 0x8000000000000000 which will be exact. NWC */
2584 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2586 (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvUVX(sv))
2587 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2588 /* Make sure it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
2589 /*&& (SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) irrelevant with code below */
2590 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) > SvUVX(sv))
2591 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2592 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2593 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2599 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2600 "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"UVuf" => %"IVdf") (as unsigned)\n",
2604 return (IV)SvUVX(sv);
2607 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2609 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2610 /* We want to avoid a possible problem when we cache an IV which
2611 may be later translated to an NV, and the resulting NV is not
2612 the same as the direct translation of the initial string
2613 (eg 123.456 can shortcut to the IV 123 with atol(), but we must
2614 be careful to ensure that the value with the .456 is around if the
2615 NV value is requested in the future).
2617 This means that if we cache such an IV, we need to cache the
2618 NV as well. Moreover, we trade speed for space, and do not
2619 cache the NV if we are sure it's not needed.
2622 /* SVt_PVNV is one higher than SVt_PVIV, hence this order */
2623 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2624 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2625 /* It's definitely an integer, only upgrade to PVIV */
2626 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
2627 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
2629 } else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2630 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2632 /* If NV preserves UV then we only use the UV value if we know that
2633 we aren't going to call atof() below. If NVs don't preserve UVs
2634 then the value returned may have more precision than atof() will
2635 return, even though value isn't perfectly accurate. */
2636 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
2637 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2640 )) == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2641 /* This won't turn off the public IOK flag if it was set above */
2642 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2644 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG)) {
2646 if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2647 SvIV_set(sv, (IV)value);
2649 SvUV_set(sv, value);
2653 /* 2s complement assumption */
2654 if (value <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
2655 SvIV_set(sv, -(IV)value);
2657 /* Too negative for an IV. This is a double upgrade, but
2658 I'm assuming it will be rare. */
2659 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2660 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2664 SvNV_set(sv, -(NV)value);
2665 SvIV_set(sv, IV_MIN);
2669 /* For !NV_PRESERVES_UV and IS_NUMBER_IN_UV and IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT we
2670 will be in the previous block to set the IV slot, and the next
2671 block to set the NV slot. So no else here. */
2673 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2674 != IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2675 /* It wasn't an (integer that doesn't overflow the UV). */
2676 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2678 if (! numtype && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2681 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2682 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2683 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2685 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"NVgf")\n",
2686 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2690 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2691 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2693 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2694 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2695 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2698 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
2700 /* UV will not work better than IV */
2702 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
2704 /* Integer is inaccurate. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2705 SvUV_set(sv, UV_MAX);
2708 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2709 /* 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF not an issue in here */
2710 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2714 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2720 #else /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2721 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2722 == (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT)) {
2723 /* The IV slot will have been set from value returned by
2724 grok_number above. The NV slot has just been set using
2727 assert (SvIOKp(sv));
2729 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2730 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
2731 /* Small enough to preserve all bits. */
2732 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2734 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2735 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv))
2737 /* Assumption: first non-preserved integer is < IV_MAX,
2738 this NV is in the preserved range, therefore: */
2739 if (!(U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))
2741 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sv_2iv assumed (U_V(fabs((double)SvNVX(sv))) < (UV)IV_MAX) but SvNVX(sv)=%"NVgf" U_V is 0x%"UVxf", IV_MAX is 0x%"UVxf"\n", SvNVX(sv), U_V(SvNVX(sv)), (UV)IV_MAX);
2745 0 0 already failed to read UV.
2746 0 1 already failed to read UV.
2747 1 0 you won't get here in this case. IV/UV
2748 slot set, public IOK, Atof() unneeded.
2749 1 1 already read UV.
2750 so there's no point in sv_2iuv_non_preserve() attempting
2751 to use atol, strtol, strtoul etc. */
2752 if (sv_2iuv_non_preserve (sv, numtype)
2753 >= IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV)
2757 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2760 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing && !(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP))
2762 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_IV)
2763 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
2764 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
2767 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"IVdf")\n",
2768 PTR2UV(sv),SvIVX(sv)));
2769 return SvIsUV(sv) ? (IV)SvUVX(sv) : SvIVX(sv);
2772 /* sv_2uv() is now a macro using Perl_sv_2uv_flags();
2773 * this function provided for binary compatibility only
2777 Perl_sv_2uv(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
2779 return sv_2uv_flags(sv, SV_GMAGIC);
2783 =for apidoc sv_2uv_flags
2785 Return the unsigned integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
2786 conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
2787 Normally used via the C<SvUV(sv)> and C<SvUVx(sv)> macros.
2793 Perl_sv_2uv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *sv, I32 flags)
2797 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
2798 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2803 return U_V(SvNVX(sv));
2804 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv))
2807 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
2808 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
2814 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2817 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpstr=AMG_CALLun(sv,numer)) &&
2818 (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv))))
2819 return SvUV(tmpstr);
2820 return PTR2UV(SvRV(sv));
2823 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
2825 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2826 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2836 return (UV)SvIVX(sv);
2840 /* erm. not sure. *should* never get NOKp (without NOK) from sv_2nv
2841 * without also getting a cached IV/UV from it at the same time
2842 * (ie PV->NV conversion should detect loss of accuracy and cache
2843 * IV or UV at same time to avoid this. */
2844 /* IV-over-UV optimisation - choose to cache IV if possible */
2846 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_NV)
2847 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2849 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv); /* Must do this first, to clear any SvOOK */
2850 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2851 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2852 if (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvIVX(sv)
2853 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2854 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2855 (UV)(SvIVX(sv) > 0 ? SvIVX(sv) : -SvIVX(sv)))
2856 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2857 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2858 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2861 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Can this go wrong with rounding? NWC */
2862 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2863 "0x%"UVxf" uv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (precise)\n",
2869 /* IV not precise. No need to convert from PV, as NV
2870 conversion would already have cached IV if it detected
2871 that PV->IV would be better than PV->NV->IV
2872 flags already correct - don't set public IOK. */
2873 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2874 "0x%"UVxf" uv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (imprecise)\n",
2879 /* Can the above go wrong if SvIVX == IV_MIN and SvNVX < IV_MIN,
2880 but the cast (NV)IV_MIN rounds to a the value less (more
2881 negative) than IV_MIN which happens to be equal to SvNVX ??
2882 Analogous to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF rounding up to NV (2**64) and
2883 NV rounding back to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, so UVX == UV(NVX) and
2884 (NV)UVX == NVX are both true, but the values differ. :-(
2885 Hopefully for 2s complement IV_MIN is something like
2886 0x8000000000000000 which will be exact. NWC */
2889 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2891 (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvUVX(sv))
2892 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2893 /* Make sure it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
2894 /*&& (SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) irrelevant with code below */
2895 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) > SvUVX(sv))
2896 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2897 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2898 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2903 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2904 "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%"UVuf" => %"IVdf") (as unsigned)\n",
2910 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2912 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2914 /* We want to avoid a possible problem when we cache a UV which
2915 may be later translated to an NV, and the resulting NV is not
2916 the translation of the initial data.
2918 This means that if we cache such a UV, we need to cache the
2919 NV as well. Moreover, we trade speed for space, and do not
2920 cache the NV if not needed.
2923 /* SVt_PVNV is one higher than SVt_PVIV, hence this order */
2924 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2925 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2926 /* It's definitely an integer, only upgrade to PVIV */
2927 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
2928 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
2930 } else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2931 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2933 /* If NV preserves UV then we only use the UV value if we know that
2934 we aren't going to call atof() below. If NVs don't preserve UVs
2935 then the value returned may have more precision than atof() will
2936 return, even though it isn't accurate. */
2937 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
2938 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2941 )) == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2942 /* This won't turn off the public IOK flag if it was set above */
2943 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2945 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG)) {
2947 if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2948 SvIV_set(sv, (IV)value);
2950 /* it didn't overflow, and it was positive. */
2951 SvUV_set(sv, value);
2955 /* 2s complement assumption */
2956 if (value <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
2957 SvIV_set(sv, -(IV)value);
2959 /* Too negative for an IV. This is a double upgrade, but
2960 I'm assuming it will be rare. */
2961 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2962 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2966 SvNV_set(sv, -(NV)value);
2967 SvIV_set(sv, IV_MIN);
2972 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2973 != IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2974 /* It wasn't an integer, or it overflowed the UV. */
2975 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2977 if (! numtype && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2980 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2981 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2982 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2984 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%"NVgf")\n",
2985 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2988 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2989 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2991 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2992 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2993 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2996 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
2998 /* UV will not work better than IV */
3000 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
3002 /* Integer is inaccurate. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
3003 SvUV_set(sv, UV_MAX);
3006 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
3007 /* 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF not an issue in here, NVs
3008 NV preservse UV so can do correct comparison. */
3009 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
3013 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
3018 #else /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
3019 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
3020 == (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT)) {
3021 /* The UV slot will have been set from value returned by
3022 grok_number above. The NV slot has just been set using
3025 assert (SvIOKp(sv));
3027 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
3028 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
3029 /* Small enough to preserve all bits. */
3030 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
3032 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
3033 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv))
3035 /* Assumption: first non-preserved integer is < IV_MAX,
3036 this NV is in the preserved range, therefore: */
3037 if (!(U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))
3039 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sv_2uv assumed (U_V(fabs((double)SvNVX(sv))) < (UV)IV_MAX) but SvNVX(sv)=%"NVgf" U_V is 0x%"UVxf", IV_MAX is 0x%"UVxf"\n", SvNVX(sv), U_V(SvNVX(sv)), (UV)IV_MAX);
3042 sv_2iuv_non_preserve (sv, numtype);
3044 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
3048 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
3049 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
3052 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_IV)
3053 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
3054 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
3058 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%"UVuf")\n",
3059 PTR2UV(sv),SvUVX(sv)));
3060 return SvIsUV(sv) ? SvUVX(sv) : (UV)SvIVX(sv);
3066 Return the num value of an SV, doing any necessary string or integer
3067 conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvNV(sv)> and C<SvNVx(sv)>
3074 Perl_sv_2nv(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3078 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
3082 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
3083 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC) && !SvIOKp(sv) &&
3084 !grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), NULL))
3086 return Atof(SvPVX_const(sv));
3090 return (NV)SvUVX(sv);
3092 return (NV)SvIVX(sv);
3095 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
3096 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
3102 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
3105 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpstr=AMG_CALLun(sv,numer)) &&
3106 (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv))))
3107 return SvNV(tmpstr);
3108 return PTR2NV(SvRV(sv));
3111 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
3113 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
3114 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
3119 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_NV) {
3120 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_IV)
3121 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
3123 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
3124 #ifdef USE_LONG_DOUBLE
3126 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
3127 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3128 "0x%"UVxf" num(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
3129 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
3130 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
3134 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
3135 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" num(%"NVgf")\n",
3136 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
3137 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
3141 else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
3142 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
3147 SvNV_set(sv, SvIsUV(sv) ? (NV)SvUVX(sv) : (NV)SvIVX(sv));
3148 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
3151 /* Only set the public NV OK flag if this NV preserves the IV */
3152 /* Check it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
3153 if (SvIsUV(sv) ? ((SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX)&&(SvUVX(sv) == U_V(SvNVX(sv))))
3154 : (SvIVX(sv) == I_V(SvNVX(sv))))
3160 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
3162 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
3163 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC) && !SvIOKp(sv) && !numtype)
3165 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
3166 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
3167 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
3168 /* It's definitely an integer */
3169 SvNV_set(sv, (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) ? -(NV)value : (NV)value);
3171 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
3174 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
3175 /* Only set the public NV OK flag if this NV preserves the value in
3176 the PV at least as well as an IV/UV would.
3177 Not sure how to do this 100% reliably. */
3178 /* if that shift count is out of range then Configure's test is
3179 wonky. We shouldn't be in here with NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS ==
3181 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
3182 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
3183 SvNOK_on(sv); /* Definitely small enough to preserve all bits */
3184 } else if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_IN_UV)) {
3185 /* Can't use strtol etc to convert this string, so don't try.
3186 sv_2iv and sv_2uv will use the NV to convert, not the PV. */
3189 /* value has been set. It may not be precise. */
3190 if ((numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) && (value > (UV)IV_MIN)) {
3191 /* 2s complement assumption for (UV)IV_MIN */
3192 SvNOK_on(sv); /* Integer is too negative. */
3197 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) {
3198 SvIV_set(sv, -(IV)value);
3199 } else if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
3200 SvIV_set(sv, (IV)value);
3202 SvUV_set(sv, value);
3206 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT) {
3207 /* I believe that even if the original PV had decimals,
3208 they are lost beyond the limit of the FP precision.
3209 However, neither is canonical, so both only get p
3210 flags. NWC, 2000/11/25 */
3211 /* Both already have p flags, so do nothing */
3213 const NV nv = SvNVX(sv);
3214 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
3215 if (SvIVX(sv) == I_V(nv)) {
3220 /* It had no "." so it must be integer. */
3223 /* between IV_MAX and NV(UV_MAX).
3224 Could be slightly > UV_MAX */
3226 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT) {
3227 /* UV and NV both imprecise. */
3229 const UV nv_as_uv = U_V(nv);
3231 if (value == nv_as_uv && SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) {
3242 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
3245 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing && !(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP))
3247 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_NV)
3248 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
3249 /* XXX Ilya implies that this is a bug in callers that assume this
3250 and ideally should be fixed. */
3251 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
3254 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
3256 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
3257 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2nv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
3258 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
3259 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
3263 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
3264 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 1nv(%"NVgf")\n",
3265 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
3266 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
3272 /* asIV(): extract an integer from the string value of an SV.
3273 * Caller must validate PVX */
3276 S_asIV(pTHX_ SV *sv)
3279 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
3281 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
3282 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
3283 /* It's definitely an integer */
3284 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) {
3285 if (value < (UV)IV_MIN)
3288 if (value < (UV)IV_MAX)
3293 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
3296 return I_V(Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
3299 /* asUV(): extract an unsigned integer from the string value of an SV
3300 * Caller must validate PVX */
3303 S_asUV(pTHX_ SV *sv)
3306 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
3308 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
3309 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
3310 /* It's definitely an integer */
3311 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG))
3315 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
3318 return U_V(Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
3322 =for apidoc sv_2pv_nolen
3324 Like C<sv_2pv()>, but doesn't return the length too. You should usually
3325 use the macro wrapper C<SvPV_nolen(sv)> instead.
3330 Perl_sv_2pv_nolen(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3332 return sv_2pv(sv, 0);
3335 /* uiv_2buf(): private routine for use by sv_2pv_flags(): print an IV or
3336 * UV as a string towards the end of buf, and return pointers to start and
3339 * We assume that buf is at least TYPE_CHARS(UV) long.
3343 uiv_2buf(char *buf, IV iv, UV uv, int is_uv, char **peob)
3345 char *ptr = buf + TYPE_CHARS(UV);
3359 *--ptr = '0' + (char)(uv % 10);
3367 /* sv_2pv() is now a macro using Perl_sv_2pv_flags();
3368 * this function provided for binary compatibility only
3372 Perl_sv_2pv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *lp)
3374 return sv_2pv_flags(sv, lp, SV_GMAGIC);
3378 =for apidoc sv_2pv_flags
3380 Returns a pointer to the string value of an SV, and sets *lp to its length.
3381 If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first. Coerces sv to a string
3383 Normally invoked via the C<SvPV_flags> macro. C<sv_2pv()> and C<sv_2pv_nomg>
3384 usually end up here too.
3390 Perl_sv_2pv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *lp, I32 flags)
3395 char tbuf[64]; /* Must fit sprintf/Gconvert of longest IV/NV */
3396 char *tmpbuf = tbuf;
3403 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
3404 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
3409 if (flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)
3410 return SvPVX_mutable(sv);
3411 if (flags & SV_CONST_RETURN)
3412 return (char *)SvPVX_const(sv);
3417 (void)sprintf(tmpbuf,"%"UVuf, (UV)SvUVX(sv));
3419 (void)sprintf(tmpbuf,"%"IVdf, (IV)SvIVX(sv));
3424 Gconvert(SvNVX(sv), NV_DIG, 0, tmpbuf);
3429 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
3430 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
3438 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
3441 register const char *typestr;
3442 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpstr=AMG_CALLun(sv,string)) &&
3443 (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv)))) {
3444 char *pv = lp ? SvPV(tmpstr, *lp) : SvPV_nolen(tmpstr);
3454 typestr = "NULLREF";
3458 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
3460 if ( ((SvFLAGS(sv) &
3461 (SVs_OBJECT|SVf_OK|SVs_GMG|SVs_SMG|SVs_RMG))
3462 == (SVs_OBJECT|SVs_SMG))
3463 && (mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_qr))) {
3464 const regexp *re = (regexp *)mg->mg_obj;
3467 const char *fptr = "msix";
3472 char need_newline = 0;
3473 U16 reganch = (U16)((re->reganch & PMf_COMPILETIME) >> 12);
3475 while((ch = *fptr++)) {
3477 reflags[left++] = ch;
3480 reflags[right--] = ch;
3485 reflags[left] = '-';
3489 mg->mg_len = re->prelen + 4 + left;
3491 * If /x was used, we have to worry about a regex
3492 * ending with a comment later being embedded
3493 * within another regex. If so, we don't want this
3494 * regex's "commentization" to leak out to the
3495 * right part of the enclosing regex, we must cap
3496 * it with a newline.
3498 * So, if /x was used, we scan backwards from the
3499 * end of the regex. If we find a '#' before we
3500 * find a newline, we need to add a newline
3501 * ourself. If we find a '\n' first (or if we
3502 * don't find '#' or '\n'), we don't need to add
3503 * anything. -jfriedl
3505 if (PMf_EXTENDED & re->reganch)
3507 const char *endptr = re->precomp + re->prelen;
3508 while (endptr >= re->precomp)
3510 const char c = *(endptr--);
3512 break; /* don't need another */
3514 /* we end while in a comment, so we
3516 mg->mg_len++; /* save space for it */
3517 need_newline = 1; /* note to add it */
3523 New(616, mg->mg_ptr, mg->mg_len + 1 + left, char);
3524 Copy("(?", mg->mg_ptr, 2, char);
3525 Copy(reflags, mg->mg_ptr+2, left, char);
3526 Copy(":", mg->mg_ptr+left+2, 1, char);
3527 Copy(re->precomp, mg->mg_ptr+3+left, re->prelen, char);
3529 mg->mg_ptr[mg->mg_len - 2] = '\n';
3530 mg->mg_ptr[mg->mg_len - 1] = ')';
3531 mg->mg_ptr[mg->mg_len] = 0;
3533 PL_reginterp_cnt += re->program[0].next_off;
3535 if (re->reganch & ROPT_UTF8)
3551 case SVt_PVBM: typestr = SvROK(sv) ? "REF" : "SCALAR"; break;
3552 case SVt_PVLV: typestr = SvROK(sv) ? "REF"
3553 /* tied lvalues should appear to be
3554 * scalars for backwards compatitbility */
3555 : (LvTYPE(sv) == 't' || LvTYPE(sv) == 'T')
3556 ? "SCALAR" : "LVALUE"; break;
3557 case SVt_PVAV: typestr = "ARRAY"; break;
3558 case SVt_PVHV: typestr = "HASH"; break;
3559 case SVt_PVCV: typestr = "CODE"; break;
3560 case SVt_PVGV: typestr = "GLOB"; break;
3561 case SVt_PVFM: typestr = "FORMAT"; break;
3562 case SVt_PVIO: typestr = "IO"; break;
3563 default: typestr = "UNKNOWN"; break;
3567 const char *name = HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(sv));
3568 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ tsv, "%s=%s(0x%"UVxf")",
3569 name ? name : "__ANON__" , typestr, PTR2UV(sv));
3572 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ tsv, "%s(0x%"UVxf")", typestr, PTR2UV(sv));
3576 *lp = strlen(typestr);
3577 return (char *)typestr;
3579 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
3580 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
3587 if (SvIOK(sv) || ((SvIOKp(sv) && !SvNOKp(sv)))) {
3588 /* I'm assuming that if both IV and NV are equally valid then
3589 converting the IV is going to be more efficient */
3590 const U32 isIOK = SvIOK(sv);
3591 const U32 isUIOK = SvIsUV(sv);
3592 char buf[TYPE_CHARS(UV)];
3595 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
3596 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
3598 ptr = uiv_2buf(buf, 0, SvUVX(sv), 1, &ebuf);
3600 ptr = uiv_2buf(buf, SvIVX(sv), 0, 0, &ebuf);
3601 SvGROW(sv, (STRLEN)(ebuf - ptr + 1)); /* inlined from sv_setpvn */
3602 Move(ptr,SvPVX_mutable(sv),ebuf - ptr,char);
3603 SvCUR_set(sv, ebuf - ptr);
3613 else if (SvNOKp(sv)) {
3614 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
3615 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
3616 /* The +20 is pure guesswork. Configure test needed. --jhi */
3617 SvGROW(sv, NV_DIG + 20);
3618 s = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
3619 olderrno = errno; /* some Xenix systems wipe out errno here */
3621 if (SvNVX(sv) == 0.0)
3622 (void)strcpy(s,"0");
3626 Gconvert(SvNVX(sv), NV_DIG, 0, s);
3629 #ifdef FIXNEGATIVEZERO
3630 if (*s == '-' && s[1] == '0' && !s[2])
3640 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)
3641 && !PL_localizing && !(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP))
3645 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PV)
3646 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
3647 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
3651 STRLEN len = s - SvPVX_const(sv);
3657 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2pv(%s)\n",
3658 PTR2UV(sv),SvPVX_const(sv)));
3659 if (flags & SV_CONST_RETURN)
3660 return (char *)SvPVX_const(sv);
3661 if (flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)
3662 return SvPVX_mutable(sv);
3666 if (SvROK(sv)) { /* XXX Skip this when sv_pvn_force calls */
3667 /* Sneaky stuff here */
3671 tsv = newSVpv(tmpbuf, 0);
3684 t = SvPVX_const(tsv);
3689 len = strlen(tmpbuf);
3691 #ifdef FIXNEGATIVEZERO
3692 if (len == 2 && t[0] == '-' && t[1] == '0') {
3697 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
3700 s = SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
3703 return strcpy(s, t);
3708 =for apidoc sv_copypv
3710 Copies a stringified representation of the source SV into the
3711 destination SV. Automatically performs any necessary mg_get and
3712 coercion of numeric values into strings. Guaranteed to preserve
3713 UTF-8 flag even from overloaded objects. Similar in nature to
3714 sv_2pv[_flags] but operates directly on an SV instead of just the
3715 string. Mostly uses sv_2pv_flags to do its work, except when that
3716 would lose the UTF-8'ness of the PV.
3722 Perl_sv_copypv(pTHX_ SV *dsv, register SV *ssv)
3726 s = SvPV_const(ssv,len);
3727 sv_setpvn(dsv,s,len);
3735 =for apidoc sv_2pvbyte_nolen
3737 Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV.
3738 May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF-8 as a side-effect.
3740 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro.
3746 Perl_sv_2pvbyte_nolen(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3748 return sv_2pvbyte(sv, 0);
3752 =for apidoc sv_2pvbyte
3754 Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3755 to its length. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF-8 as a
3758 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte> macro.
3764 Perl_sv_2pvbyte(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *lp)
3766 sv_utf8_downgrade(sv,0);
3767 return SvPV(sv,*lp);
3771 =for apidoc sv_2pvutf8_nolen
3773 Return a pointer to the UTF-8-encoded representation of the SV.
3774 May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF-8 as a side-effect.
3776 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro.
3782 Perl_sv_2pvutf8_nolen(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3784 return sv_2pvutf8(sv, 0);
3788 =for apidoc sv_2pvutf8
3790 Return a pointer to the UTF-8-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3791 to its length. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF-8 as a side-effect.
3793 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8> macro.
3799 Perl_sv_2pvutf8(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *lp)
3801 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
3802 return SvPV(sv,*lp);
3806 =for apidoc sv_2bool
3808 This function is only called on magical items, and is only used by
3809 sv_true() or its macro equivalent.
3815 Perl_sv_2bool(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3824 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpsv=AMG_CALLun(sv,bool_)) &&
3825 (!SvROK(tmpsv) || (SvRV(tmpsv) != SvRV(sv))))
3826 return (bool)SvTRUE(tmpsv);
3827 return SvRV(sv) != 0;
3830 register XPV* Xpvtmp;
3831 if ((Xpvtmp = (XPV*)SvANY(sv)) &&
3832 (*sv->sv_u.svu_pv > '0' ||
3833 Xpvtmp->xpv_cur > 1 ||
3834 (Xpvtmp->xpv_cur && *sv->sv_u.svu_pv != '0')))
3841 return SvIVX(sv) != 0;
3844 return SvNVX(sv) != 0.0;
3851 /* sv_utf8_upgrade() is now a macro using sv_utf8_upgrade_flags();
3852 * this function provided for binary compatibility only
3857 Perl_sv_utf8_upgrade(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3859 return sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(sv, SV_GMAGIC);
3863 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade
3865 Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
3866 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
3867 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
3868 if all the bytes have hibit clear.
3870 This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
3871 use the Encode extension for that.
3873 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
3875 Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
3876 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
3877 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
3878 if all the bytes have hibit clear. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
3879 will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
3880 C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
3882 This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
3883 use the Encode extension for that.
3889 Perl_sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(pTHX_ register SV *sv, I32 flags)
3891 if (sv == &PL_sv_undef)
3895 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && (SvPOKp(sv) || SvIOKp(sv) || SvNOKp(sv))) {
3896 (void) sv_2pv_flags(sv,&len, flags);
3900 (void) SvPV_force(sv,len);
3909 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
3912 if (PL_encoding && !(flags & SV_UTF8_NO_ENCODING))
3913 sv_recode_to_utf8(sv, PL_encoding);
3914 else { /* Assume Latin-1/EBCDIC */
3915 /* This function could be much more efficient if we
3916 * had a FLAG in SVs to signal if there are any hibit
3917 * chars in the PV. Given that there isn't such a flag
3918 * make the loop as fast as possible. */
3919 U8 *s = (U8 *) SvPVX(sv);
3920 U8 *e = (U8 *) SvEND(sv);
3926 if ((hibit = !NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT(ch)))
3930 STRLEN len = SvCUR(sv) + 1; /* Plus the \0 */
3931 s = bytes_to_utf8((U8*)s, &len);
3933 SvPV_free(sv); /* No longer using what was there before. */
3935 SvPV_set(sv, (char*)s);
3936 SvCUR_set(sv, len - 1);
3937 SvLEN_set(sv, len); /* No longer know the real size. */
3939 /* Mark as UTF-8 even if no hibit - saves scanning loop */
3946 =for apidoc sv_utf8_downgrade
3948 Attempts to convert the PV of an SV from characters to bytes.
3949 If the PV contains a character beyond byte, this conversion will fail;
3950 in this case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
3953 This is not as a general purpose Unicode to byte encoding interface:
3954 use the Encode extension for that.
3960 Perl_sv_utf8_downgrade(pTHX_ register SV* sv, bool fail_ok)
3962 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvUTF8(sv)) {
3968 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
3970 s = (U8 *) SvPV(sv, len);
3971 if (!utf8_to_bytes(s, &len)) {
3976 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character in %s",
3979 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character");
3990 =for apidoc sv_utf8_encode
3992 Converts the PV of an SV to UTF-8, but then turns the C<SvUTF8>
3993 flag off so that it looks like octets again.
3999 Perl_sv_utf8_encode(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
4001 (void) sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
4003 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
4005 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
4006 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
4012 =for apidoc sv_utf8_decode
4014 If the PV of the SV is an octet sequence in UTF-8
4015 and contains a multiple-byte character, the C<SvUTF8> flag is turned on
4016 so that it looks like a character. If the PV contains only single-byte
4017 characters, the C<SvUTF8> flag stays being off.
4018 Scans PV for validity and returns false if the PV is invalid UTF-8.
4024 Perl_sv_utf8_decode(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
4030 /* The octets may have got themselves encoded - get them back as
4033 if (!sv_utf8_downgrade(sv, TRUE))
4036 /* it is actually just a matter of turning the utf8 flag on, but
4037 * we want to make sure everything inside is valid utf8 first.
4039 c = (U8 *) SvPVX(sv);
4040 if (!is_utf8_string(c, SvCUR(sv)+1))
4042 e = (U8 *) SvEND(sv);
4045 if (!UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(ch)) {
4054 /* sv_setsv() is now a macro using Perl_sv_setsv_flags();
4055 * this function provided for binary compatibility only
4059 Perl_sv_setsv(pTHX_ SV *dstr, register SV *sstr)
4061 sv_setsv_flags(dstr, sstr, SV_GMAGIC);
4065 =for apidoc sv_setsv
4067 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
4068 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
4069 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
4070 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
4071 content of the destination.
4073 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
4074 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
4075 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
4077 =for apidoc sv_setsv_flags
4079 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
4080 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
4081 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
4082 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
4083 content of the destination.
4084 If the C<flags> parameter has the C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on
4085 C<ssv> if appropriate, else not. If the C<flags> parameter has the
4086 C<NOSTEAL> bit set then the buffers of temps will not be stolen. <sv_setsv>
4087 and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
4089 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
4090 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
4091 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
4093 This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other
4094 copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath.
4100 Perl_sv_setsv_flags(pTHX_ SV *dstr, register SV *sstr, I32 flags)
4102 register U32 sflags;
4108 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(dstr);
4110 sstr = &PL_sv_undef;
4111 stype = SvTYPE(sstr);
4112 dtype = SvTYPE(dstr);
4117 /* need to nuke the magic */
4119 SvRMAGICAL_off(dstr);
4122 /* There's a lot of redundancy below but we're going for speed here */
4127 if (dtype != SVt_PVGV) {
4128 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4136 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_IV);
4139 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
4143 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
4146 (void)SvIOK_only(dstr);
4147 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
4150 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
4161 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_NV);
4166 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
4169 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4170 (void)SvNOK_only(dstr);
4171 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
4179 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_RV);
4180 else if (dtype == SVt_PVGV &&
4181 SvROK(sstr) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sstr)) == SVt_PVGV) {
4184 if (GvIMPORTED(dstr) != GVf_IMPORTED
4185 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
4187 GvIMPORTED_on(dstr);
4196 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4197 if ((SvFLAGS(sstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS) {
4198 if (dtype < SVt_PVIV)
4199 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
4206 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PV);
4209 if (dtype < SVt_PVIV)
4210 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
4213 if (dtype < SVt_PVNV)
4214 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
4221 const char * const type = sv_reftype(sstr,0);
4223 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre copy of %s in %s", type, OP_NAME(PL_op));
4225 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre copy of %s", type);
4230 if (dtype <= SVt_PVGV) {
4232 if (dtype != SVt_PVGV) {
4233 const char * const name = GvNAME(sstr);
4234 const STRLEN len = GvNAMELEN(sstr);
4235 /* don't upgrade SVt_PVLV: it can hold a glob */
4236 if (dtype != SVt_PVLV)
4237 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVGV);
4238 sv_magic(dstr, dstr, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
4239 GvSTASH(dstr) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvSTASH(sstr));
4240 GvNAME(dstr) = savepvn(name, len);
4241 GvNAMELEN(dstr) = len;
4242 SvFAKE_on(dstr); /* can coerce to non-glob */
4244 /* ahem, death to those who redefine active sort subs */
4245 else if (PL_curstackinfo->si_type == PERLSI_SORT
4246 && GvCV(dstr) && PL_sortcop == CvSTART(GvCV(dstr)))
4247 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s",
4250 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
4251 if (GvUNIQUE((GV*)dstr)) {
4252 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
4256 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4257 GvINTRO_off(dstr); /* one-shot flag */
4259 GvGP(dstr) = gp_ref(GvGP(sstr));
4260 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
4262 if (GvIMPORTED(dstr) != GVf_IMPORTED
4263 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
4265 GvIMPORTED_on(dstr);
4273 if (SvGMAGICAL(sstr) && (flags & SV_GMAGIC)) {
4275 if ((int)SvTYPE(sstr) != stype) {
4276 stype = SvTYPE(sstr);
4277 if (stype == SVt_PVGV && dtype <= SVt_PVGV)
4281 if (stype == SVt_PVLV)
4282 SvUPGRADE(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
4284 SvUPGRADE(dstr, (U32)stype);
4287 sflags = SvFLAGS(sstr);
4289 if (sflags & SVf_ROK) {
4290 if (dtype >= SVt_PV) {
4291 if (dtype == SVt_PVGV) {
4292 SV *sref = SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(sstr));
4294 const int intro = GvINTRO(dstr);
4296 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
4297 if (GvUNIQUE((GV*)dstr)) {
4298 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
4303 GvINTRO_off(dstr); /* one-shot flag */
4304 GvLINE(dstr) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
4305 GvEGV(dstr) = (GV*)dstr;
4308 switch (SvTYPE(sref)) {
4311 SAVEGENERICSV(GvAV(dstr));
4313 dref = (SV*)GvAV(dstr);
4314 GvAV(dstr) = (AV*)sref;
4315 if (!GvIMPORTED_AV(dstr)
4316 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
4318 GvIMPORTED_AV_on(dstr);
4323 SAVEGENERICSV(GvHV(dstr));
4325 dref = (SV*)GvHV(dstr);
4326 GvHV(dstr) = (HV*)sref;
4327 if (!GvIMPORTED_HV(dstr)
4328 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
4330 GvIMPORTED_HV_on(dstr);
4335 if (GvCVGEN(dstr) && GvCV(dstr) != (CV*)sref) {
4336 SvREFCNT_dec(GvCV(dstr));
4337 GvCV(dstr) = Nullcv;
4338 GvCVGEN(dstr) = 0; /* Switch off cacheness. */
4339 PL_sub_generation++;
4341 SAVEGENERICSV(GvCV(dstr));
4344 dref = (SV*)GvCV(dstr);
4345 if (GvCV(dstr) != (CV*)sref) {
4346 CV* cv = GvCV(dstr);
4348 if (!GvCVGEN((GV*)dstr) &&
4349 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
4351 /* ahem, death to those who redefine
4352 * active sort subs */
4353 if (PL_curstackinfo->si_type == PERLSI_SORT &&
4354 PL_sortcop == CvSTART(cv))
4356 "Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s",
4357 GvENAME((GV*)dstr));
4358 /* Redefining a sub - warning is mandatory if
4359 it was a const and its value changed. */
4360 if (ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)
4362 && (!CvCONST((CV*)sref)
4363 || sv_cmp(cv_const_sv(cv),
4364 cv_const_sv((CV*)sref)))))
4366 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE),
4368 ? "Constant subroutine %s::%s redefined"
4369 : "Subroutine %s::%s redefined",
4370 HvNAME_get(GvSTASH((GV*)dstr)),
4371 GvENAME((GV*)dstr));
4375 cv_ckproto(cv, (GV*)dstr,
4376 SvPOK(sref) ? SvPVX(sref) : Nullch);
4378 GvCV(dstr) = (CV*)sref;
4379 GvCVGEN(dstr) = 0; /* Switch off cacheness. */
4380 GvASSUMECV_on(dstr);
4381 PL_sub_generation++;
4383 if (!GvIMPORTED_CV(dstr)
4384 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
4386 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(dstr);
4391 SAVEGENERICSV(GvIOp(dstr));
4393 dref = (SV*)GvIOp(dstr);
4394 GvIOp(dstr) = (IO*)sref;
4398 SAVEGENERICSV(GvFORM(dstr));
4400 dref = (SV*)GvFORM(dstr);
4401 GvFORM(dstr) = (CV*)sref;
4405 SAVEGENERICSV(GvSV(dstr));
4407 dref = (SV*)GvSV(dstr);
4409 if (!GvIMPORTED_SV(dstr)
4410 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
4412 GvIMPORTED_SV_on(dstr);
4418 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
4422 if (SvPVX_const(dstr)) {
4428 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4429 SvRV_set(dstr, SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(sstr)));
4431 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
4433 /* Only set the public OK flag if the source has public OK. */
4434 if (sflags & SVf_NOK)
4435 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= SVf_NOK;
4436 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4438 if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
4439 (void)SvIOKp_on(dstr);
4440 if (sflags & SVf_IOK)
4441 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= SVf_IOK;
4442 if (sflags & SVf_IVisUV)
4444 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
4446 if (SvAMAGIC(sstr)) {
4450 else if (sflags & SVp_POK) {
4454 * Check to see if we can just swipe the string. If so, it's a
4455 * possible small lose on short strings, but a big win on long ones.
4456 * It might even be a win on short strings if SvPVX_const(dstr)
4457 * has to be allocated and SvPVX_const(sstr) has to be freed.
4460 /* Whichever path we take through the next code, we want this true,
4461 and doing it now facilitates the COW check. */
4462 (void)SvPOK_only(dstr);
4465 /* We're not already COW */
4466 ((sflags & (SVf_FAKE | SVf_READONLY)) != (SVf_FAKE | SVf_READONLY)
4467 #ifndef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4468 /* or we are, but dstr isn't a suitable target. */
4469 || (SvFLAGS(dstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) != CAN_COW_FLAGS
4474 (sflags & SVs_TEMP) && /* slated for free anyway? */
4475 !(sflags & SVf_OOK) && /* and not involved in OOK hack? */
4476 (!(flags & SV_NOSTEAL)) &&
4477 /* and we're allowed to steal temps */
4478 SvREFCNT(sstr) == 1 && /* and no other references to it? */
4479 SvLEN(sstr) && /* and really is a string */
4480 /* and won't be needed again, potentially */
4481 !(PL_op && PL_op->op_type == OP_AASSIGN))
4482 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4483 && !((sflags & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS
4484 && (SvFLAGS(dstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS
4485 && SvTYPE(sstr) >= SVt_PVIV)
4488 /* Failed the swipe test, and it's not a shared hash key either.
4489 Have to copy the string. */
4490 STRLEN len = SvCUR(sstr);
4491 SvGROW(dstr, len + 1); /* inlined from sv_setpvn */
4492 Move(SvPVX_const(sstr),SvPVX(dstr),len,char);
4493 SvCUR_set(dstr, len);
4494 *SvEND(dstr) = '\0';
4496 /* If PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE is not defined, then isSwipe will always
4498 /* Either it's a shared hash key, or it's suitable for
4499 copy-on-write or we can swipe the string. */
4501 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Copy on write: sstr --> dstr\n");
4505 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4507 /* I believe I should acquire a global SV mutex if
4508 it's a COW sv (not a shared hash key) to stop
4509 it going un copy-on-write.
4510 If the source SV has gone un copy on write between up there
4511 and down here, then (assert() that) it is of the correct
4512 form to make it copy on write again */
4513 if ((sflags & (SVf_FAKE | SVf_READONLY))
4514 != (SVf_FAKE | SVf_READONLY)) {
4515 SvREADONLY_on(sstr);
4517 /* Make the source SV into a loop of 1.
4518 (about to become 2) */
4519 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(sstr, sstr);
4523 /* Initial code is common. */
4524 if (SvPVX_const(dstr)) { /* we know that dtype >= SVt_PV */
4526 SvFLAGS(dstr) &= ~SVf_OOK;
4527 Safefree(SvPVX_const(dstr) - SvIVX(dstr));
4529 else if (SvLEN(dstr))
4530 Safefree(SvPVX_const(dstr));
4534 /* making another shared SV. */
4535 STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sstr);
4536 STRLEN len = SvLEN(sstr);
4537 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4539 assert (SvTYPE(dstr) >= SVt_PVIV);
4540 /* SvIsCOW_normal */
4541 /* splice us in between source and next-after-source. */
4542 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(dstr, SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sstr));
4543 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(sstr, dstr);
4544 SvPV_set(dstr, SvPVX_mutable(sstr));
4548 /* SvIsCOW_shared_hash */
4549 UV hash = SvSHARED_HASH(sstr);
4550 DEBUG_C(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4551 "Copy on write: Sharing hash\n"));
4553 assert (SvTYPE(dstr) >= SVt_PVIV);
4555 sharepvn(SvPVX_const(sstr),
4556 (sflags & SVf_UTF8?-cur:cur), hash));
4557 SvUV_set(dstr, hash);
4559 SvLEN_set(dstr, len);
4560 SvCUR_set(dstr, cur);
4561 SvREADONLY_on(dstr);
4563 /* Relesase a global SV mutex. */
4566 { /* Passes the swipe test. */
4567 SvPV_set(dstr, SvPVX_mutable(sstr));
4568 SvLEN_set(dstr, SvLEN(sstr));
4569 SvCUR_set(dstr, SvCUR(sstr));
4572 (void)SvOK_off(sstr); /* NOTE: nukes most SvFLAGS on sstr */
4573 SvPV_set(sstr, Nullch);
4579 if (sflags & SVf_UTF8)
4582 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
4584 if (sflags & SVf_NOK)
4585 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= SVf_NOK;
4586 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4588 if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
4589 (void)SvIOKp_on(dstr);
4590 if (sflags & SVf_IOK)
4591 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= SVf_IOK;
4592 if (sflags & SVf_IVisUV)
4594 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
4597 MAGIC *smg = mg_find(sstr,PERL_MAGIC_vstring);
4598 sv_magic(dstr, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_vstring,
4599 smg->mg_ptr, smg->mg_len);
4600 SvRMAGICAL_on(dstr);
4603 else if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
4604 if (sflags & SVf_IOK)
4605 (void)SvIOK_only(dstr);
4607 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4608 (void)SvIOKp_on(dstr);
4610 /* XXXX Do we want to set IsUV for IV(ROK)? Be extra safe... */
4611 if (sflags & SVf_IVisUV)
4613 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
4614 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
4615 if (sflags & SVf_NOK)
4616 (void)SvNOK_on(dstr);
4618 (void)SvNOKp_on(dstr);
4619 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4622 else if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
4623 if (sflags & SVf_NOK)
4624 (void)SvNOK_only(dstr);
4626 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4629 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4632 if (dtype == SVt_PVGV) {
4633 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
4634 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Undefined value assigned to typeglob");
4637 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4639 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
4644 =for apidoc sv_setsv_mg
4646 Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4652 Perl_sv_setsv_mg(pTHX_ SV *dstr, register SV *sstr)
4654 sv_setsv(dstr,sstr);
4658 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4660 Perl_sv_setsv_cow(pTHX_ SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
4662 STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sstr);
4663 STRLEN len = SvLEN(sstr);
4664 register char *new_pv;
4667 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Fast copy on write: %p -> %p\n",
4675 if (SvTHINKFIRST(dstr))
4676 sv_force_normal_flags(dstr, SV_COW_DROP_PV);
4677 else if (SvPVX_const(dstr))
4678 Safefree(SvPVX_const(dstr));
4682 SvUPGRADE(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
4684 assert (SvPOK(sstr));
4685 assert (SvPOKp(sstr));
4686 assert (!SvIOK(sstr));
4687 assert (!SvIOKp(sstr));
4688 assert (!SvNOK(sstr));
4689 assert (!SvNOKp(sstr));
4691 if (SvIsCOW(sstr)) {
4693 if (SvLEN(sstr) == 0) {
4694 /* source is a COW shared hash key. */
4695 UV hash = SvSHARED_HASH(sstr);
4696 DEBUG_C(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4697 "Fast copy on write: Sharing hash\n"));
4698 SvUV_set(dstr, hash);
4699 new_pv = sharepvn(SvPVX_const(sstr), (SvUTF8(sstr)?-cur:cur), hash);
4702 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(dstr, SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sstr));
4704 assert ((SvFLAGS(sstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS);
4705 SvUPGRADE(sstr, SVt_PVIV);
4706 SvREADONLY_on(sstr);
4708 DEBUG_C(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4709 "Fast copy on write: Converting sstr to COW\n"));
4710 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(dstr, sstr);
4712 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(sstr, dstr);
4713 new_pv = SvPVX_mutable(sstr);
4716 SvPV_set(dstr, new_pv);
4717 SvFLAGS(dstr) = (SVt_PVIV|SVf_POK|SVp_POK|SVf_FAKE|SVf_READONLY);
4720 SvLEN_set(dstr, len);
4721 SvCUR_set(dstr, cur);
4730 =for apidoc sv_setpvn