3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'It's a big house this, and very peculiar. Always a bit more
13 * to discover, and no knowing what you'll find round a corner.
14 * And Elves, sir!' --Samwise Gamgee
16 * [p.225 of _The Lord of the Rings_, II/i: "Many Meetings"]
19 /* This file contains general pp ("push/pop") functions that execute the
20 * opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function expects to
21 * find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its results onto
22 * the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure contains
23 * a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
33 /* XXX I can't imagine anyone who doesn't have this actually _needs_
34 it, since pid_t is an integral type.
37 #ifdef NEED_GETPID_PROTO
38 extern Pid_t getpid (void);
42 * Some BSDs and Cygwin default to POSIX math instead of IEEE.
43 * This switches them over to IEEE.
45 #if defined(LIBM_LIB_VERSION)
46 _LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION = _IEEE_;
49 /* variations on pp_null */
55 if (GIMME_V == G_SCALAR)
66 assert(SvTYPE(TARG) == SVt_PVAV);
67 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
68 if (!(PL_op->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE))
69 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
71 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
74 } else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpMAYBE_LVSUB) {
75 const I32 flags = is_lvalue_sub();
76 if (flags && !(flags & OPpENTERSUB_INARGS)) {
77 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
78 /* diag_listed_as: Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context */
79 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return array to lvalue scalar context");
85 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
86 const I32 maxarg = AvFILL(MUTABLE_AV(TARG)) + 1;
88 if (SvMAGICAL(TARG)) {
90 for (i=0; i < (U32)maxarg; i++) {
91 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(MUTABLE_AV(TARG), i, FALSE);
92 SP[i+1] = (svp) ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
96 Copy(AvARRAY((const AV *)TARG), SP+1, maxarg, SV*);
100 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
101 SV* const sv = sv_newmortal();
102 const I32 maxarg = AvFILL(MUTABLE_AV(TARG)) + 1;
103 sv_setiv(sv, maxarg);
114 assert(SvTYPE(TARG) == SVt_PVHV);
116 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
117 if (!(PL_op->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE))
118 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
119 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
121 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpMAYBE_LVSUB) {
122 const I32 flags = is_lvalue_sub();
123 if (flags && !(flags & OPpENTERSUB_INARGS)) {
124 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
125 /* diag_listed_as: Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context */
126 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return hash to lvalue scalar context");
131 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
132 RETURNOP(Perl_do_kv(aTHX));
134 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
135 SV* const sv = Perl_hv_scalar(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(TARG));
143 static const char S_no_symref_sv[] =
144 "Can't use string (\"%" SVf32 "\"%s) as %s ref while \"strict refs\" in use";
146 /* In some cases this function inspects PL_op. If this function is called
147 for new op types, more bool parameters may need to be added in place of
150 When noinit is true, the absence of a gv will cause a retval of undef.
151 This is unrelated to the cv-to-gv assignment case.
155 S_rv2gv(pTHX_ SV *sv, const bool vivify_sv, const bool strict,
159 if (!isGV(sv) || SvFAKE(sv)) SvGETMAGIC(sv);
162 sv = amagic_deref_call(sv, to_gv_amg);
166 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO) {
167 GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv_newmortal());
168 gv_init(gv, 0, "__ANONIO__", 10, 0);
169 GvIOp(gv) = MUTABLE_IO(sv);
170 SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN(sv);
173 else if (!isGV_with_GP(sv))
174 return (SV *)Perl_die(aTHX_ "Not a GLOB reference");
177 if (!isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
179 /* If this is a 'my' scalar and flag is set then vivify
182 if (vivify_sv && sv != &PL_sv_undef) {
185 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
186 if (cUNOP->op_targ) {
187 SV * const namesv = PAD_SV(cUNOP->op_targ);
188 gv = MUTABLE_GV(newSV(0));
189 gv_init_sv(gv, CopSTASH(PL_curcop), namesv, 0);
192 const char * const name = CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop);
193 gv = newGVgen_flags(name,
194 HvNAMEUTF8(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
196 prepare_SV_for_RV(sv);
197 SvRV_set(sv, MUTABLE_SV(gv));
202 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF || strict)
203 return (SV *)Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a symbol");
204 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
210 if (!(sv = MUTABLE_SV(gv_fetchsv_nomg(
211 sv, GV_ADDMG, SVt_PVGV
221 (SvPOKp(sv) && SvCUR(sv)>32 ? "..." : ""),
224 if ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpDONT_INIT_GV))
225 == OPpDONT_INIT_GV) {
226 /* We are the target of a coderef assignment. Return
227 the scalar unchanged, and let pp_sasssign deal with
231 sv = MUTABLE_SV(gv_fetchsv_nomg(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVGV));
233 /* FAKE globs in the symbol table cause weird bugs (#77810) */
237 if (SvFAKE(sv) && !(PL_op->op_private & OPpALLOW_FAKE)) {
238 SV *newsv = sv_newmortal();
239 sv_setsv_flags(newsv, sv, 0);
251 sv, PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF,
252 PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS,
253 ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) && !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
254 || PL_op->op_type == OP_READLINE
256 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
257 save_gp(MUTABLE_GV(sv), !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
262 /* Helper function for pp_rv2sv and pp_rv2av */
264 Perl_softref2xv(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const what,
265 const svtype type, SV ***spp)
270 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SOFTREF2XV;
272 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS) {
274 Perl_die(aTHX_ S_no_symref_sv, sv,
275 (SvPOKp(sv) && SvCUR(sv)>32 ? "..." : ""), what);
277 Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, what);
281 PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF &&
282 PL_op->op_next->op_type != OP_BOOLKEYS
284 Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, what);
285 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
287 if (type != SVt_PV && GIMME_V == G_ARRAY) {
291 **spp = &PL_sv_undef;
294 if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
295 !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
297 if (!(gv = gv_fetchsv_nomg(sv, GV_ADDMG, type)))
299 **spp = &PL_sv_undef;
304 gv = gv_fetchsv_nomg(sv, GV_ADD, type);
317 sv = amagic_deref_call(sv, to_sv_amg);
321 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
327 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a SCALAR reference");
334 if (!isGV_with_GP(gv)) {
335 gv = Perl_softref2xv(aTHX_ sv, "a SCALAR", SVt_PV, &sp);
341 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD) {
342 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
343 if (cUNOP->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL)
344 sv = save_scalar(MUTABLE_GV(TOPs));
346 sv = save_scalar(gv);
348 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", PL_no_localize_ref);
350 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF)
351 sv = vivify_ref(sv, PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF);
360 AV * const av = MUTABLE_AV(TOPs);
361 const I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
363 SV ** const sv = Perl_av_arylen_p(aTHX_ MUTABLE_AV(av));
365 *sv = newSV_type(SVt_PVMG);
366 sv_magic(*sv, MUTABLE_SV(av), PERL_MAGIC_arylen, NULL, 0);
370 SETs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(AvFILL(MUTABLE_AV(av)))));
379 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET) {
380 SV * const ret = sv_2mortal(newSV_type(SVt_PVLV)); /* Not TARG RT#67838 */
381 sv_magic(ret, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_pos, NULL, 0);
383 LvTARG(ret) = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(sv);
384 PUSHs(ret); /* no SvSETMAGIC */
388 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
389 const MAGIC * const mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
390 if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0) {
408 const I32 flags = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
410 : ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT)) == OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT)
413 /* We usually try to add a non-existent subroutine in case of AUTOLOAD. */
414 /* (But not in defined().) */
416 CV *cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash_unused, &gv, flags);
418 else if ((flags == (GV_ADD|GV_NOEXPAND)) && gv && SvROK(gv)) {
422 cv = MUTABLE_CV(&PL_sv_undef);
423 SETs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
433 SV *ret = &PL_sv_undef;
435 if (SvGMAGICAL(TOPs)) SETs(sv_mortalcopy(TOPs));
436 if (SvPOK(TOPs) && SvCUR(TOPs) >= 7) {
437 const char * s = SvPVX_const(TOPs);
438 if (strnEQ(s, "CORE::", 6)) {
439 const int code = keyword(s + 6, SvCUR(TOPs) - 6, 1);
440 if (!code || code == -KEY_CORE)
441 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't find an opnumber for \"%"SVf"\"",
442 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(
443 s+6, SvCUR(TOPs)-6, SvFLAGS(TOPs) & SVf_UTF8
446 SV * const sv = core_prototype(NULL, s + 6, code, NULL);
452 cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash, &gv, 0);
454 ret = newSVpvn_flags(
455 CvPROTO(cv), CvPROTOLEN(cv), SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(cv)
465 CV *cv = MUTABLE_CV(PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ));
467 cv = MUTABLE_CV(sv_2mortal(MUTABLE_SV(cv_clone(cv))));
469 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
483 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
487 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
488 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
492 EXTEND_MORTAL(SP - MARK);
494 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
499 S_refto(pTHX_ SV *sv)
504 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REFTO;
506 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVLV && LvTYPE(sv) == 'y') {
509 if (!(sv = LvTARG(sv)))
512 SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN(sv);
514 else if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV) {
515 if (!AvREAL((const AV *)sv) && AvREIFY((const AV *)sv))
516 av_reify(MUTABLE_AV(sv));
518 SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN(sv);
520 else if (SvPADTMP(sv) && !IS_PADGV(sv))
524 SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN(sv);
527 sv_upgrade(rv, SVt_IV);
536 SV * const sv = POPs;
541 if (!sv || !SvROK(sv))
544 (void)sv_ref(TARG,SvRV(sv),TRUE);
556 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
558 SV * const ssv = POPs;
562 if (!ssv) goto curstash;
563 if (!SvGMAGICAL(ssv) && !SvAMAGIC(ssv) && SvROK(ssv))
564 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Attempt to bless into a reference");
565 ptr = SvPV_const(ssv,len);
567 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
568 "Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)");
569 stash = gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, GV_ADD|SvUTF8(ssv));
572 (void)sv_bless(TOPs, stash);
582 const char * const elem = SvPV_const(sv, len);
583 GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
588 /* elem will always be NUL terminated. */
589 const char * const second_letter = elem + 1;
592 if (len == 5 && strEQ(second_letter, "RRAY"))
593 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv));
596 if (len == 4 && strEQ(second_letter, "ODE"))
597 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvCVu(gv));
600 if (len == 10 && strEQ(second_letter, "ILEHANDLE")) {
601 /* finally deprecated in 5.8.0 */
602 deprecate("*glob{FILEHANDLE}");
603 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvIOp(gv));
606 if (len == 6 && strEQ(second_letter, "ORMAT"))
607 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvFORM(gv));
610 if (len == 4 && strEQ(second_letter, "LOB"))
611 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(gv);
614 if (len == 4 && strEQ(second_letter, "ASH"))
615 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv));
618 if (*second_letter == 'O' && !elem[2] && len == 2)
619 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvIOp(gv));
622 if (len == 4 && strEQ(second_letter, "AME"))
623 sv = newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
626 if (len == 7 && strEQ(second_letter, "ACKAGE")) {
627 const HV * const stash = GvSTASH(gv);
628 const HEK * const hek = stash ? HvNAME_HEK(stash) : NULL;
629 sv = hek ? newSVhek(hek) : newSVpvs("__ANON__");
633 if (len == 6 && strEQ(second_letter, "CALAR"))
648 /* Pattern matching */
653 register unsigned char *s;
656 s = (unsigned char*)(SvPV(sv, len));
657 if (len == 0 || len > I32_MAX || !SvPOK(sv) || SvUTF8(sv) || SvVALID(sv)) {
658 /* Historically, study was skipped in these cases. */
662 /* Make study a no-op. It's no longer useful and its existence
663 complicates matters elsewhere. */
672 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
674 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
680 TARG = sv_newmortal();
681 if(PL_op->op_type == OP_TRANSR) {
683 const char * const pv = SvPV(sv,len);
684 SV * const newsv = newSVpvn_flags(pv, len, SVs_TEMP|SvUTF8(sv));
688 else PUSHi(do_trans(sv));
692 /* Lvalue operators. */
695 S_do_chomp(pTHX_ SV *retval, SV *sv, bool chomping)
701 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_CHOMP;
703 if (chomping && (RsSNARF(PL_rs) || RsRECORD(PL_rs)))
705 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV) {
707 AV *const av = MUTABLE_AV(sv);
708 const I32 max = AvFILL(av);
710 for (i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
711 sv = MUTABLE_SV(av_fetch(av, i, FALSE));
712 if (sv && ((sv = *(SV**)sv), sv != &PL_sv_undef))
713 do_chomp(retval, sv, chomping);
717 else if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV) {
718 HV* const hv = MUTABLE_HV(sv);
720 (void)hv_iterinit(hv);
721 while ((entry = hv_iternext(hv)))
722 do_chomp(retval, hv_iterval(hv,entry), chomping);
725 else if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
727 /* SV is copy-on-write */
728 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
731 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
736 /* XXX, here sv is utf8-ized as a side-effect!
737 If encoding.pm is used properly, almost string-generating
738 operations, including literal strings, chr(), input data, etc.
739 should have been utf8-ized already, right?
741 sv_recode_to_utf8(sv, PL_encoding);
747 char *temp_buffer = NULL;
756 while (len && s[-1] == '\n') {
763 STRLEN rslen, rs_charlen;
764 const char *rsptr = SvPV_const(PL_rs, rslen);
766 rs_charlen = SvUTF8(PL_rs)
770 if (SvUTF8(PL_rs) != SvUTF8(sv)) {
771 /* Assumption is that rs is shorter than the scalar. */
773 /* RS is utf8, scalar is 8 bit. */
775 temp_buffer = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((U8*)rsptr,
778 /* Cannot downgrade, therefore cannot possibly match
780 assert (temp_buffer == rsptr);
786 else if (PL_encoding) {
787 /* RS is 8 bit, encoding.pm is used.
788 * Do not recode PL_rs as a side-effect. */
789 svrecode = newSVpvn(rsptr, rslen);
790 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
791 rsptr = SvPV_const(svrecode, rslen);
792 rs_charlen = sv_len_utf8(svrecode);
795 /* RS is 8 bit, scalar is utf8. */
796 temp_buffer = (char*)bytes_to_utf8((U8*)rsptr, &rslen);
810 if (memNE(s, rsptr, rslen))
812 SvIVX(retval) += rs_charlen;
815 s = SvPV_force_nomg_nolen(sv);
823 SvREFCNT_dec(svrecode);
825 Safefree(temp_buffer);
827 if (len && !SvPOK(sv))
828 s = SvPV_force_nomg(sv, len);
831 char * const send = s + len;
832 char * const start = s;
834 while (s > start && UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*s))
836 if (is_utf8_string((U8*)s, send - s)) {
837 sv_setpvn(retval, s, send - s);
839 SvCUR_set(sv, s - start);
845 sv_setpvs(retval, "");
849 sv_setpvn(retval, s, 1);
856 sv_setpvs(retval, "");
864 const bool chomping = PL_op->op_type == OP_SCHOMP;
868 do_chomp(TARG, TOPs, chomping);
875 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dTARGET; dORIGMARK;
876 const bool chomping = PL_op->op_type == OP_CHOMP;
881 do_chomp(TARG, *++MARK, chomping);
892 if (!PL_op->op_private) {
901 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
903 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
907 av_undef(MUTABLE_AV(sv));
910 hv_undef(MUTABLE_HV(sv));
913 if (cv_const_sv((const CV *)sv))
914 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
915 "Constant subroutine %"SVf" undefined",
916 SVfARG(CvANON((const CV *)sv)
917 ? newSVpvs_flags("(anonymous)", SVs_TEMP)
918 : sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvENAME_HEK(CvGV((const CV *)sv))))));
922 /* let user-undef'd sub keep its identity */
923 GV* const gv = CvGV((const CV *)sv);
924 cv_undef(MUTABLE_CV(sv));
925 CvGV_set(MUTABLE_CV(sv), gv);
930 SvSetMagicSV(sv, &PL_sv_undef);
933 else if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
937 /* undef *Pkg::meth_name ... */
939 = GvCVu((const GV *)sv) && (stash = GvSTASH((const GV *)sv))
940 && HvENAME_get(stash);
942 if((stash = GvHV((const GV *)sv))) {
943 if(HvENAME_get(stash))
944 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(sv_2mortal((SV *)stash));
948 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
950 GvGP_set(sv, gp_ref(gp));
952 GvLINE(sv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
953 GvEGV(sv) = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
957 mro_package_moved(NULL, stash, (const GV *)sv, 0);
959 /* undef *Foo::ISA */
960 if( strEQ(GvNAME((const GV *)sv), "ISA")
961 && (stash = GvSTASH((const GV *)sv))
962 && (method_changed || HvENAME(stash)) )
963 mro_isa_changed_in(stash);
964 else if(method_changed)
965 mro_method_changed_in(
966 GvSTASH((const GV *)sv)
973 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PV && SvPVX_const(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
989 PL_op->op_type == OP_POSTINC || PL_op->op_type == OP_I_POSTINC;
990 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) >= SVt_PVAV || (isGV_with_GP(TOPs) && !SvFAKE(TOPs)))
991 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
993 TARG = sv_newmortal();
994 sv_setsv(TARG, TOPs);
995 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
996 && SvIVX(TOPs) != (inc ? IV_MAX : IV_MIN))
998 SvIV_set(TOPs, SvIVX(TOPs) + (inc ? 1 : -1));
999 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
1003 else sv_dec_nomg(TOPs);
1005 /* special case for undef: see thread at 2003-03/msg00536.html in archive */
1006 if (inc && !SvOK(TARG))
1012 /* Ordinary operators. */
1016 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1017 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1020 tryAMAGICbin_MG(pow_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1023 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1024 /* For integer to integer power, we do the calculation by hand wherever
1025 we're sure it is safe; otherwise we call pow() and try to convert to
1026 integer afterwards. */
1027 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr) && SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1035 const IV iv = SvIVX(svr);
1039 goto float_it; /* Can't do negative powers this way. */
1043 baseuok = SvUOK(svl);
1045 baseuv = SvUVX(svl);
1047 const IV iv = SvIVX(svl);
1050 baseuok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1052 baseuv = -iv; /* abs, baseuok == false records sign */
1055 /* now we have integer ** positive integer. */
1058 /* foo & (foo - 1) is zero only for a power of 2. */
1059 if (!(baseuv & (baseuv - 1))) {
1060 /* We are raising power-of-2 to a positive integer.
1061 The logic here will work for any base (even non-integer
1062 bases) but it can be less accurate than
1063 pow (base,power) or exp (power * log (base)) when the
1064 intermediate values start to spill out of the mantissa.
1065 With powers of 2 we know this can't happen.
1066 And powers of 2 are the favourite thing for perl
1067 programmers to notice ** not doing what they mean. */
1069 NV base = baseuok ? baseuv : -(NV)baseuv;
1074 while (power >>= 1) {
1082 SvIV_please_nomg(svr);
1085 register unsigned int highbit = 8 * sizeof(UV);
1086 register unsigned int diff = 8 * sizeof(UV);
1087 while (diff >>= 1) {
1089 if (baseuv >> highbit) {
1093 /* we now have baseuv < 2 ** highbit */
1094 if (power * highbit <= 8 * sizeof(UV)) {
1095 /* result will definitely fit in UV, so use UV math
1096 on same algorithm as above */
1097 register UV result = 1;
1098 register UV base = baseuv;
1099 const bool odd_power = cBOOL(power & 1);
1103 while (power >>= 1) {
1110 if (baseuok || !odd_power)
1111 /* answer is positive */
1113 else if (result <= (UV)IV_MAX)
1114 /* answer negative, fits in IV */
1115 SETi( -(IV)result );
1116 else if (result == (UV)IV_MIN)
1117 /* 2's complement assumption: special case IV_MIN */
1120 /* answer negative, doesn't fit */
1121 SETn( -(NV)result );
1129 NV right = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1130 NV left = SvNV_nomg(svl);
1133 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(HAS_AIX_POWL_NEG_BASE_BUG)
1135 We are building perl with long double support and are on an AIX OS
1136 afflicted with a powl() function that wrongly returns NaNQ for any
1137 negative base. This was reported to IBM as PMR #23047-379 on
1138 03/06/2006. The problem exists in at least the following versions
1139 of AIX and the libm fileset, and no doubt others as well:
1141 AIX 4.3.3-ML10 bos.adt.libm 4.3.3.50
1142 AIX 5.1.0-ML04 bos.adt.libm 5.1.0.29
1143 AIX 5.2.0 bos.adt.libm 5.2.0.85
1145 So, until IBM fixes powl(), we provide the following workaround to
1146 handle the problem ourselves. Our logic is as follows: for
1147 negative bases (left), we use fmod(right, 2) to check if the
1148 exponent is an odd or even integer:
1150 - if odd, powl(left, right) == -powl(-left, right)
1151 - if even, powl(left, right) == powl(-left, right)
1153 If the exponent is not an integer, the result is rightly NaNQ, so
1154 we just return that (as NV_NAN).
1158 NV mod2 = Perl_fmod( right, 2.0 );
1159 if (mod2 == 1.0 || mod2 == -1.0) { /* odd integer */
1160 SETn( -Perl_pow( -left, right) );
1161 } else if (mod2 == 0.0) { /* even integer */
1162 SETn( Perl_pow( -left, right) );
1163 } else { /* fractional power */
1167 SETn( Perl_pow( left, right) );
1170 SETn( Perl_pow( left, right) );
1171 #endif /* HAS_AIX_POWL_NEG_BASE_BUG */
1173 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1175 SvIV_please_nomg(svr);
1183 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1184 tryAMAGICbin_MG(mult_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1187 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1188 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr)) {
1189 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1190 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1191 we know the left is integer. */
1192 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1193 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1194 bool auvok = SvUOK(svl);
1195 bool buvok = SvUOK(svr);
1196 const UV topmask = (~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV));
1197 const UV botmask = ~((~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV)));
1206 const IV aiv = SvIVX(svl);
1209 auvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1211 alow = -aiv; /* abs, auvok == false records sign */
1217 const IV biv = SvIVX(svr);
1220 buvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1222 blow = -biv; /* abs, buvok == false records sign */
1226 /* If this does sign extension on unsigned it's time for plan B */
1227 ahigh = alow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1229 bhigh = blow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1231 if (ahigh && bhigh) {
1233 /* eg 32 bit is at least 0x10000 * 0x10000 == 0x100000000
1234 which is overflow. Drop to NVs below. */
1235 } else if (!ahigh && !bhigh) {
1236 /* eg 32 bit is at most 0xFFFF * 0xFFFF == 0xFFFE0001
1237 so the unsigned multiply cannot overflow. */
1238 const UV product = alow * blow;
1239 if (auvok == buvok) {
1240 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1244 } else if (product <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1245 /* 2s complement assumption that (UV)-IV_MIN is correct. */
1246 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1248 SETi( -(IV)product );
1250 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1252 /* One operand is large, 1 small */
1255 /* swap the operands */
1257 bhigh = blow; /* bhigh now the temp var for the swap */
1261 /* now, ((ahigh * blow) << half_UV_len) + (alow * blow)
1262 multiplies can't overflow. shift can, add can, -ve can. */
1263 product_middle = ahigh * blow;
1264 if (!(product_middle & topmask)) {
1265 /* OK, (ahigh * blow) won't lose bits when we shift it. */
1267 product_middle <<= (4 * sizeof (UV));
1268 product_low = alow * blow;
1270 /* as for pp_add, UV + something mustn't get smaller.
1271 IIRC ANSI mandates this wrapping *behaviour* for
1272 unsigned whatever the actual representation*/
1273 product_low += product_middle;
1274 if (product_low >= product_middle) {
1275 /* didn't overflow */
1276 if (auvok == buvok) {
1277 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1279 SETu( product_low );
1281 } else if (product_low <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1282 /* 2s complement assumption again */
1283 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1285 SETi( -(IV)product_low );
1287 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1289 } /* product_middle too large */
1290 } /* ahigh && bhigh */
1295 NV right = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1296 NV left = SvNV_nomg(svl);
1298 SETn( left * right );
1305 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1306 tryAMAGICbin_MG(div_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1309 /* Only try to do UV divide first
1310 if ((SLOPPYDIVIDE is true) or
1311 (PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV is true and one or both SV is a UV too large
1313 The assumption is that it is better to use floating point divide
1314 whenever possible, only doing integer divide first if we can't be sure.
1315 If NV_PRESERVES_UV is true then we know at compile time that no UV
1316 can be too large to preserve, so don't need to compile the code to
1317 test the size of UVs. */
1320 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1321 /* ensure that 20./5. == 4. */
1323 # ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1324 # ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1325 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1330 #ifdef PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1331 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr) && SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1332 bool left_non_neg = SvUOK(svl);
1333 bool right_non_neg = SvUOK(svr);
1337 if (right_non_neg) {
1341 const IV biv = SvIVX(svr);
1344 right_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1350 /* historically undef()/0 gives a "Use of uninitialized value"
1351 warning before dieing, hence this test goes here.
1352 If it were immediately before the second SvIV_please, then
1353 DIE() would be invoked before left was even inspected, so
1354 no inspection would give no warning. */
1356 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1362 const IV aiv = SvIVX(svl);
1365 left_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1374 /* For sloppy divide we always attempt integer division. */
1376 /* Otherwise we only attempt it if either or both operands
1377 would not be preserved by an NV. If both fit in NVs
1378 we fall through to the NV divide code below. However,
1379 as left >= right to ensure integer result here, we know that
1380 we can skip the test on the right operand - right big
1381 enough not to be preserved can't get here unless left is
1384 && (left > ((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS))
1387 /* Integer division can't overflow, but it can be imprecise. */
1388 const UV result = left / right;
1389 if (result * right == left) {
1390 SP--; /* result is valid */
1391 if (left_non_neg == right_non_neg) {
1392 /* signs identical, result is positive. */
1396 /* 2s complement assumption */
1397 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1398 SETi( -(IV)result );
1400 /* It's exact but too negative for IV. */
1401 SETn( -(NV)result );
1404 } /* tried integer divide but it was not an integer result */
1405 } /* else (PERL_ABS(result) < 1.0) or (both UVs in range for NV) */
1406 } /* one operand wasn't SvIOK */
1407 #endif /* PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE */
1409 NV right = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1410 NV left = SvNV_nomg(svl);
1411 (void)POPs;(void)POPs;
1412 #if defined(NAN_COMPARE_BROKEN) && defined(Perl_isnan)
1413 if (! Perl_isnan(right) && right == 0.0)
1417 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1418 PUSHn( left / right );
1425 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
1426 tryAMAGICbin_MG(modulo_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1430 bool left_neg = FALSE;
1431 bool right_neg = FALSE;
1432 bool use_double = FALSE;
1433 bool dright_valid = FALSE;
1436 SV * const svr = TOPs;
1437 SV * const svl = TOPm1s;
1438 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr)) {
1439 right_neg = !SvUOK(svr);
1443 const IV biv = SvIVX(svr);
1446 right_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1453 dright = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1454 right_neg = dright < 0;
1457 if (dright < UV_MAX_P1) {
1458 right = U_V(dright);
1459 dright_valid = TRUE; /* In case we need to use double below. */
1465 /* At this point use_double is only true if right is out of range for
1466 a UV. In range NV has been rounded down to nearest UV and
1467 use_double false. */
1468 if (!use_double && SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1469 left_neg = !SvUOK(svl);
1473 const IV aiv = SvIVX(svl);
1476 left_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1483 dleft = SvNV_nomg(svl);
1484 left_neg = dleft < 0;
1488 /* This should be exactly the 5.6 behaviour - if left and right are
1489 both in range for UV then use U_V() rather than floor. */
1491 if (dleft < UV_MAX_P1) {
1492 /* right was in range, so is dleft, so use UVs not double.
1496 /* left is out of range for UV, right was in range, so promote
1497 right (back) to double. */
1499 /* The +0.5 is used in 5.6 even though it is not strictly
1500 consistent with the implicit +0 floor in the U_V()
1501 inside the #if 1. */
1502 dleft = Perl_floor(dleft + 0.5);
1505 dright = Perl_floor(dright + 0.5);
1516 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1518 dans = Perl_fmod(dleft, dright);
1519 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && dans)
1520 dans = dright - dans;
1523 sv_setnv(TARG, dans);
1529 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1532 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && ans)
1535 /* XXX may warn: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type */
1536 /* could change -foo to be (~foo)+1 instead */
1537 if (ans <= ~((UV)IV_MAX)+1)
1538 sv_setiv(TARG, ~ans+1);
1540 sv_setnv(TARG, -(NV)ans);
1543 sv_setuv(TARG, ans);
1552 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
1556 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY && PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1557 /* TODO: think of some way of doing list-repeat overloading ??? */
1562 tryAMAGICbin_MG(repeat_amg, AMGf_assign);
1568 const UV uv = SvUV_nomg(sv);
1570 count = IV_MAX; /* The best we can do? */
1574 const IV iv = SvIV_nomg(sv);
1581 else if (SvNOKp(sv)) {
1582 const NV nv = SvNV_nomg(sv);
1589 count = SvIV_nomg(sv);
1591 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY && PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1593 static const char oom_list_extend[] = "Out of memory during list extend";
1594 const I32 items = SP - MARK;
1595 const I32 max = items * count;
1597 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(max, SV*, oom_list_extend);
1598 /* Did the max computation overflow? */
1599 if (items > 0 && max > 0 && (max < items || max < count))
1600 Perl_croak(aTHX_ oom_list_extend);
1605 /* This code was intended to fix 20010809.028:
1608 for (($x =~ /./g) x 2) {
1609 print chop; # "abcdabcd" expected as output.
1612 * but that change (#11635) broke this code:
1614 $x = [("foo")x2]; # only one "foo" ended up in the anonlist.
1616 * I can't think of a better fix that doesn't introduce
1617 * an efficiency hit by copying the SVs. The stack isn't
1618 * refcounted, and mortalisation obviously doesn't
1619 * Do The Right Thing when the stack has more than
1620 * one pointer to the same mortal value.
1624 *SP = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(*SP));
1634 repeatcpy((char*)(MARK + items), (char*)MARK,
1635 items * sizeof(const SV *), count - 1);
1638 else if (count <= 0)
1641 else { /* Note: mark already snarfed by pp_list */
1642 SV * const tmpstr = POPs;
1645 static const char oom_string_extend[] =
1646 "Out of memory during string extend";
1649 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, tmpstr);
1650 SvPV_force_nomg(TARG, len);
1651 isutf = DO_UTF8(TARG);
1656 const STRLEN max = (UV)count * len;
1657 if (len > MEM_SIZE_MAX / count)
1658 Perl_croak(aTHX_ oom_string_extend);
1659 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(max, char, oom_string_extend);
1660 SvGROW(TARG, max + 1);
1661 repeatcpy(SvPVX(TARG) + len, SvPVX(TARG), len, count - 1);
1662 SvCUR_set(TARG, SvCUR(TARG) * count);
1664 *SvEND(TARG) = '\0';
1667 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
1669 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
1671 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1672 /* The parser saw this as a list repeat, and there
1673 are probably several items on the stack. But we're
1674 in scalar context, and there's no pp_list to save us
1675 now. So drop the rest of the items -- robin@kitsite.com
1687 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; bool useleft; SV *svl, *svr;
1688 tryAMAGICbin_MG(subtr_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1691 useleft = USE_LEFT(svl);
1692 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1693 /* See comments in pp_add (in pp_hot.c) about Overflow, and how
1694 "bad things" happen if you rely on signed integers wrapping. */
1695 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr)) {
1696 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1697 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1698 we know the left is integer. */
1699 register UV auv = 0;
1705 a_valid = auvok = 1;
1706 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero. */
1708 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1709 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1710 if ((auvok = SvUOK(svl)))
1713 register const IV aiv = SvIVX(svl);
1716 auvok = 1; /* Now acting as a sign flag. */
1717 } else { /* 2s complement assumption for IV_MIN */
1725 bool result_good = 0;
1728 bool buvok = SvUOK(svr);
1733 register const IV biv = SvIVX(svr);
1740 /* ?uvok if value is >= 0. basically, flagged as UV if it's +ve,
1741 else "IV" now, independent of how it came in.
1742 if a, b represents positive, A, B negative, a maps to -A etc
1747 all UV maths. negate result if A negative.
1748 subtract if signs same, add if signs differ. */
1750 if (auvok ^ buvok) {
1759 /* Must get smaller */
1764 if (result <= buv) {
1765 /* result really should be -(auv-buv). as its negation
1766 of true value, need to swap our result flag */
1778 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1779 SETi( -(IV)result );
1781 /* result valid, but out of range for IV. */
1782 SETn( -(NV)result );
1786 } /* Overflow, drop through to NVs. */
1791 NV value = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1795 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero - value */
1799 SETn( SvNV_nomg(svl) - value );
1806 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1807 tryAMAGICbin_MG(lshift_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1811 const IV shift = SvIV_nomg(svr);
1812 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1813 const IV i = SvIV_nomg(svl);
1817 const UV u = SvUV_nomg(svl);
1826 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1827 tryAMAGICbin_MG(rshift_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1831 const IV shift = SvIV_nomg(svr);
1832 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1833 const IV i = SvIV_nomg(svl);
1837 const UV u = SvUV_nomg(svl);
1849 tryAMAGICbin_MG(lt_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
1853 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
1854 ? (SvIVX(left) < SvIVX(right))
1855 : (do_ncmp(left, right) == -1)
1865 tryAMAGICbin_MG(gt_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
1869 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
1870 ? (SvIVX(left) > SvIVX(right))
1871 : (do_ncmp(left, right) == 1)
1881 tryAMAGICbin_MG(le_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
1885 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
1886 ? (SvIVX(left) <= SvIVX(right))
1887 : (do_ncmp(left, right) <= 0)
1897 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ge_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
1901 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
1902 ? (SvIVX(left) >= SvIVX(right))
1903 : ( (do_ncmp(left, right) & 2) == 0)
1913 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ne_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
1917 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
1918 ? (SvIVX(left) != SvIVX(right))
1919 : (do_ncmp(left, right) != 0)
1924 /* compare left and right SVs. Returns:
1928 * 2: left or right was a NaN
1931 Perl_do_ncmp(pTHX_ SV* const left, SV * const right)
1935 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_NCMP;
1936 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1937 /* Fortunately it seems NaN isn't IOK */
1938 if (SvIV_please_nomg(right) && SvIV_please_nomg(left)) {
1940 const IV leftiv = SvIVX(left);
1941 if (!SvUOK(right)) {
1942 /* ## IV <=> IV ## */
1943 const IV rightiv = SvIVX(right);
1944 return (leftiv > rightiv) - (leftiv < rightiv);
1946 /* ## IV <=> UV ## */
1948 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be < */
1951 const UV rightuv = SvUVX(right);
1952 return ((UV)leftiv > rightuv) - ((UV)leftiv < rightuv);
1957 /* ## UV <=> UV ## */
1958 const UV leftuv = SvUVX(left);
1959 const UV rightuv = SvUVX(right);
1960 return (leftuv > rightuv) - (leftuv < rightuv);
1962 /* ## UV <=> IV ## */
1964 const IV rightiv = SvIVX(right);
1966 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be < */
1969 const UV leftuv = SvUVX(left);
1970 return (leftuv > (UV)rightiv) - (leftuv < (UV)rightiv);
1973 assert(0); /* NOTREACHED */
1977 NV const rnv = SvNV_nomg(right);
1978 NV const lnv = SvNV_nomg(left);
1980 #if defined(NAN_COMPARE_BROKEN) && defined(Perl_isnan)
1981 if (Perl_isnan(lnv) || Perl_isnan(rnv)) {
1984 return (lnv > rnv) - (lnv < rnv);
2003 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ncmp_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2006 value = do_ncmp(left, right);
2021 int amg_type = sle_amg;
2025 switch (PL_op->op_type) {
2044 tryAMAGICbin_MG(amg_type, AMGf_set);
2047 const int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2048 ? sv_cmp_locale_flags(left, right, 0)
2049 : sv_cmp_flags(left, right, 0));
2050 SETs(boolSV(cmp * multiplier < rhs));
2058 tryAMAGICbin_MG(seq_amg, AMGf_set);
2061 SETs(boolSV(sv_eq_flags(left, right, 0)));
2069 tryAMAGICbin_MG(sne_amg, AMGf_set);
2072 SETs(boolSV(!sv_eq_flags(left, right, 0)));
2080 tryAMAGICbin_MG(scmp_amg, 0);
2083 const int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
2084 ? sv_cmp_locale_flags(left, right, 0)
2085 : sv_cmp_flags(left, right, 0));
2093 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2094 tryAMAGICbin_MG(band_amg, AMGf_assign);
2097 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2098 const bool left_ro_nonnum = !SvNIOKp(left) && SvREADONLY(left);
2099 const bool right_ro_nonnum = !SvNIOKp(right) && SvREADONLY(right);
2100 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2101 const IV i = SvIV_nomg(left) & SvIV_nomg(right);
2105 const UV u = SvUV_nomg(left) & SvUV_nomg(right);
2108 if (left_ro_nonnum && left != TARG) SvNIOK_off(left);
2109 if (right_ro_nonnum) SvNIOK_off(right);
2112 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2121 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2122 const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
2124 tryAMAGICbin_MG((op_type == OP_BIT_OR ? bor_amg : bxor_amg), AMGf_assign);
2127 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2128 const bool left_ro_nonnum = !SvNIOKp(left) && SvREADONLY(left);
2129 const bool right_ro_nonnum = !SvNIOKp(right) && SvREADONLY(right);
2130 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2131 const IV l = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvIV_nomg(left) : 0);
2132 const IV r = SvIV_nomg(right);
2133 const IV result = op_type == OP_BIT_OR ? (l | r) : (l ^ r);
2137 const UV l = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvUV_nomg(left) : 0);
2138 const UV r = SvUV_nomg(right);
2139 const UV result = op_type == OP_BIT_OR ? (l | r) : (l ^ r);
2142 if (left_ro_nonnum && left != TARG) SvNIOK_off(left);
2143 if (right_ro_nonnum) SvNIOK_off(right);
2146 do_vop(op_type, TARG, left, right);
2156 tryAMAGICun_MG(neg_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2158 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2160 if (SvIOK(sv) || (SvGMAGICAL(sv) && SvIOKp(sv))) {
2161 /* It's publicly an integer */
2164 if (SvIVX(sv) == IV_MIN) {
2165 /* 2s complement assumption. */
2166 SETi(SvIVX(sv)); /* special case: -((UV)IV_MAX+1) == IV_MIN */
2169 else if (SvUVX(sv) <= IV_MAX) {
2174 else if (SvIVX(sv) != IV_MIN) {
2178 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
2185 if (SvNIOKp(sv) && (SvNIOK(sv) || !SvPOK(sv)))
2186 SETn(-SvNV_nomg(sv));
2187 else if (SvPOKp(sv)) {
2189 const char * const s = SvPV_nomg_const(sv, len);
2190 if (isIDFIRST(*s)) {
2191 sv_setpvs(TARG, "-");
2194 else if (*s == '+' || (*s == '-' && !looks_like_number(sv))) {
2195 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
2196 *SvPV_force_nomg(TARG, len) = *s == '-' ? '+' : '-';
2198 else if (SvIV_please_nomg(sv))
2199 goto oops_its_an_int;
2201 sv_setnv(TARG, -SvNV_nomg(sv));
2205 SETn(-SvNV_nomg(sv));
2213 tryAMAGICun_MG(not_amg, AMGf_set);
2214 *PL_stack_sp = boolSV(!SvTRUE_nomg(*PL_stack_sp));
2221 tryAMAGICun_MG(compl_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2225 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2226 const IV i = ~SvIV_nomg(sv);
2230 const UV u = ~SvUV_nomg(sv);
2239 (void)SvPV_nomg_const(sv,len); /* force check for uninit var */
2240 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
2241 tmps = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(TARG, len);
2244 /* Calculate exact length, let's not estimate. */
2249 U8 * const send = tmps + len;
2250 U8 * const origtmps = tmps;
2251 const UV utf8flags = UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV;
2253 while (tmps < send) {
2254 const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, utf8flags);
2256 targlen += UNISKIP(~c);
2262 /* Now rewind strings and write them. */
2269 Newx(result, targlen + 1, U8);
2271 while (tmps < send) {
2272 const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, utf8flags);
2274 p = uvchr_to_utf8_flags(p, ~c, UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2277 sv_usepvn_flags(TARG, (char*)result, targlen,
2278 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
2285 Newx(result, nchar + 1, U8);
2287 while (tmps < send) {
2288 const U8 c = (U8)utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, utf8flags);
2293 sv_usepvn_flags(TARG, (char*)result, nchar, SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
2301 register long *tmpl;
2302 for ( ; anum && (unsigned long)tmps % sizeof(long); anum--, tmps++)
2305 for ( ; anum >= (I32)sizeof(long); anum -= (I32)sizeof(long), tmpl++)
2310 for ( ; anum > 0; anum--, tmps++)
2318 /* integer versions of some of the above */
2322 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2323 tryAMAGICbin_MG(mult_amg, AMGf_assign);
2326 SETi( left * right );
2334 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2335 tryAMAGICbin_MG(div_amg, AMGf_assign);
2338 IV value = SvIV_nomg(right);
2340 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
2341 num = SvIV_nomg(left);
2343 /* avoid FPE_INTOVF on some platforms when num is IV_MIN */
2347 value = num / value;
2353 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8
2360 /* This is the vanilla old i_modulo. */
2361 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2362 tryAMAGICbin_MG(modulo_amg, AMGf_assign);
2366 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2367 /* avoid FPE_INTOVF on some platforms when left is IV_MIN */
2371 SETi( left % right );
2376 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8
2381 /* This is the i_modulo with the workaround for the _moddi3 bug
2382 * in (at least) glibc 2.2.5 (the PERL_ABS() the workaround).
2383 * See below for pp_i_modulo. */
2384 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2385 tryAMAGICbin_MG(modulo_amg, AMGf_assign);
2389 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2390 /* avoid FPE_INTOVF on some platforms when left is IV_MIN */
2394 SETi( left % PERL_ABS(right) );
2401 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2402 tryAMAGICbin_MG(modulo_amg, AMGf_assign);
2406 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2407 /* The assumption is to use hereafter the old vanilla version... */
2409 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2411 /* .. but if we have glibc, we might have a buggy _moddi3
2412 * (at least glicb 2.2.5 is known to have this bug), in other
2413 * words our integer modulus with negative quad as the second
2414 * argument might be broken. Test for this and re-patch the
2415 * opcode dispatch table if that is the case, remembering to
2416 * also apply the workaround so that this first round works
2417 * right, too. See [perl #9402] for more information. */
2421 /* Cannot do this check with inlined IV constants since
2422 * that seems to work correctly even with the buggy glibc. */
2424 /* Yikes, we have the bug.
2425 * Patch in the workaround version. */
2427 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2428 &Perl_pp_i_modulo_1;
2429 /* Make certain we work right this time, too. */
2430 right = PERL_ABS(right);
2433 /* avoid FPE_INTOVF on some platforms when left is IV_MIN */
2437 SETi( left % right );
2445 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2446 tryAMAGICbin_MG(add_amg, AMGf_assign);
2448 dPOPTOPiirl_ul_nomg;
2449 SETi( left + right );
2456 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2457 tryAMAGICbin_MG(subtr_amg, AMGf_assign);
2459 dPOPTOPiirl_ul_nomg;
2460 SETi( left - right );
2468 tryAMAGICbin_MG(lt_amg, AMGf_set);
2471 SETs(boolSV(left < right));
2479 tryAMAGICbin_MG(gt_amg, AMGf_set);
2482 SETs(boolSV(left > right));
2490 tryAMAGICbin_MG(le_amg, AMGf_set);
2493 SETs(boolSV(left <= right));
2501 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ge_amg, AMGf_set);
2504 SETs(boolSV(left >= right));
2512 tryAMAGICbin_MG(eq_amg, AMGf_set);
2515 SETs(boolSV(left == right));
2523 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ne_amg, AMGf_set);
2526 SETs(boolSV(left != right));
2534 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ncmp_amg, 0);
2541 else if (left < right)
2553 tryAMAGICun_MG(neg_amg, 0);
2555 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2556 IV const i = SvIV_nomg(sv);
2562 /* High falutin' math. */
2567 tryAMAGICbin_MG(atan2_amg, 0);
2570 SETn(Perl_atan2(left, right));
2578 int amg_type = sin_amg;
2579 const char *neg_report = NULL;
2580 NV (*func)(NV) = Perl_sin;
2581 const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
2598 amg_type = sqrt_amg;
2600 neg_report = "sqrt";
2605 tryAMAGICun_MG(amg_type, 0);
2607 SV * const arg = POPs;
2608 const NV value = SvNV_nomg(arg);
2610 if (op_type == OP_LOG ? (value <= 0.0) : (value < 0.0)) {
2611 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
2612 /* diag_listed_as: Can't take log of %g */
2613 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't take %s of %"NVgf, neg_report, value);
2616 XPUSHn(func(value));
2621 /* Support Configure command-line overrides for rand() functions.
2622 After 5.005, perhaps we should replace this by Configure support
2623 for drand48(), random(), or rand(). For 5.005, though, maintain
2624 compatibility by calling rand() but allow the user to override it.
2625 See INSTALL for details. --Andy Dougherty 15 July 1998
2627 /* Now it's after 5.005, and Configure supports drand48() and random(),
2628 in addition to rand(). So the overrides should not be needed any more.
2629 --Jarkko Hietaniemi 27 September 1998
2632 #ifndef HAS_DRAND48_PROTO
2633 extern double drand48 (void);
2643 value = 1.0; (void)POPs;
2649 if (!PL_srand_called) {
2650 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)seed());
2651 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2663 if (MAXARG >= 1 && (TOPs || POPs)) {
2670 pv = SvPV(top, len);
2671 flags = grok_number(pv, len, &anum);
2673 if (!(flags & IS_NUMBER_IN_UV)) {
2674 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_OVERFLOW),
2675 "Integer overflow in srand");
2683 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)anum);
2684 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2688 /* Historically srand always returned true. We can avoid breaking
2690 sv_setpvs(TARG, "0 but true");
2699 tryAMAGICun_MG(int_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2701 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2702 const IV iv = SvIV_nomg(sv);
2703 /* XXX it's arguable that compiler casting to IV might be subtly
2704 different from modf (for numbers inside (IV_MIN,UV_MAX)) in which
2705 else preferring IV has introduced a subtle behaviour change bug. OTOH
2706 relying on floating point to be accurate is a bug. */
2711 else if (SvIOK(sv)) {
2713 SETu(SvUV_nomg(sv));
2718 const NV value = SvNV_nomg(sv);
2720 if (value < (NV)UV_MAX + 0.5) {
2723 SETn(Perl_floor(value));
2727 if (value > (NV)IV_MIN - 0.5) {
2730 SETn(Perl_ceil(value));
2741 tryAMAGICun_MG(abs_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2743 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2744 /* This will cache the NV value if string isn't actually integer */
2745 const IV iv = SvIV_nomg(sv);
2750 else if (SvIOK(sv)) {
2751 /* IVX is precise */
2753 SETu(SvUV_nomg(sv)); /* force it to be numeric only */
2761 /* 2s complement assumption. Also, not really needed as
2762 IV_MIN and -IV_MIN should both be %100...00 and NV-able */
2768 const NV value = SvNV_nomg(sv);
2782 I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES;
2786 SV* const sv = POPs;
2788 tmps = (SvPV_const(sv, len));
2790 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade
2791 * If not possible, croak. */
2792 SV* const tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(sv));
2795 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
2796 tmps = SvPV_const(tsv, len);
2798 if (PL_op->op_type == OP_HEX)
2801 while (*tmps && len && isSPACE(*tmps))
2805 if (*tmps == 'x' || *tmps == 'X') {
2807 result_uv = grok_hex (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2809 else if (*tmps == 'b' || *tmps == 'B')
2810 result_uv = grok_bin (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2812 result_uv = grok_oct (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2814 if (flags & PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX) {
2828 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2830 if (SvGAMAGIC(sv)) {
2831 /* For an overloaded or magic scalar, we can't know in advance if
2832 it's going to be UTF-8 or not. Also, we can't call sv_len_utf8 as
2833 it likes to cache the length. Maybe that should be a documented
2838 = sv_2pv_flags(sv, &len,
2839 SV_UNDEF_RETURNS_NULL|SV_CONST_RETURN|SV_GMAGIC);
2842 if (!SvPADTMP(TARG)) {
2843 sv_setsv(TARG, &PL_sv_undef);
2848 else if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
2849 SETi(utf8_length((U8*)p, (U8*)p + len));
2853 } else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2854 /* Neither magic nor overloaded. */
2856 SETi(sv_len_utf8(sv));
2860 if (!SvPADTMP(TARG)) {
2861 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, &PL_sv_undef);
2869 /* Returns false if substring is completely outside original string.
2870 No length is indicated by len_iv = 0 and len_is_uv = 0. len_is_uv must
2871 always be true for an explicit 0.
2874 Perl_translate_substr_offsets(pTHX_ STRLEN curlen, IV pos1_iv,
2875 bool pos1_is_uv, IV len_iv,
2876 bool len_is_uv, STRLEN *posp,
2882 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TRANSLATE_SUBSTR_OFFSETS;
2884 if (!pos1_is_uv && pos1_iv < 0 && curlen) {
2885 pos1_is_uv = curlen-1 > ~(UV)pos1_iv;
2888 if ((pos1_is_uv || pos1_iv > 0) && (UV)pos1_iv > curlen)
2891 if (len_iv || len_is_uv) {
2892 if (!len_is_uv && len_iv < 0) {
2893 pos2_iv = curlen + len_iv;
2895 pos2_is_uv = curlen-1 > ~(UV)len_iv;
2898 } else { /* len_iv >= 0 */
2899 if (!pos1_is_uv && pos1_iv < 0) {
2900 pos2_iv = pos1_iv + len_iv;
2901 pos2_is_uv = (UV)len_iv > (UV)IV_MAX;
2903 if ((UV)len_iv > curlen-(UV)pos1_iv)
2906 pos2_iv = pos1_iv+len_iv;
2916 if (!pos2_is_uv && pos2_iv < 0) {
2917 if (!pos1_is_uv && pos1_iv < 0)
2921 else if (!pos1_is_uv && pos1_iv < 0)
2924 if ((UV)pos2_iv < (UV)pos1_iv)
2926 if ((UV)pos2_iv > curlen)
2929 /* pos1_iv and pos2_iv both in 0..curlen, so the cast is safe */
2930 *posp = (STRLEN)( (UV)pos1_iv );
2931 *lenp = (STRLEN)( (UV)pos2_iv - (UV)pos1_iv );
2948 I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
2949 const bool rvalue = (GIMME_V != G_VOID);
2952 const char *repl = NULL;
2954 int num_args = PL_op->op_private & 7;
2955 bool repl_need_utf8_upgrade = FALSE;
2956 bool repl_is_utf8 = FALSE;
2960 if(!(repl_sv = POPs)) num_args--;
2962 if ((len_sv = POPs)) {
2963 len_iv = SvIV(len_sv);
2964 len_is_uv = len_iv ? SvIOK_UV(len_sv) : 1;
2969 pos1_iv = SvIV(pos_sv);
2970 pos1_is_uv = SvIOK_UV(pos_sv);
2972 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpSUBSTR_REPL_FIRST) {
2978 repl = SvPV_const(repl_sv, repl_len);
2979 repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv) && repl_len;
2982 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
2984 else if (DO_UTF8(sv))
2985 repl_need_utf8_upgrade = TRUE;
2989 ret = sv_2mortal(newSV_type(SVt_PVLV)); /* Not TARG RT#67838 */
2990 sv_magic(ret, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_substr, NULL, 0);
2992 LvTARG(ret) = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(sv);
2994 pos1_is_uv || pos1_iv >= 0
2995 ? (STRLEN)(UV)pos1_iv
2996 : (LvFLAGS(ret) |= 1, (STRLEN)(UV)-pos1_iv);
2998 len_is_uv || len_iv > 0
2999 ? (STRLEN)(UV)len_iv
3000 : (LvFLAGS(ret) |= 2, (STRLEN)(UV)-len_iv);
3003 PUSHs(ret); /* avoid SvSETMAGIC here */
3006 tmps = SvPV_const(sv, curlen);
3008 utf8_curlen = sv_len_utf8(sv);
3009 if (utf8_curlen == curlen)
3012 curlen = utf8_curlen;
3018 STRLEN pos, len, byte_len, byte_pos;
3020 if (!translate_substr_offsets(
3021 curlen, pos1_iv, pos1_is_uv, len_iv, len_is_uv, &pos, &len
3025 byte_pos = utf8_curlen
3026 ? sv_pos_u2b_flags(sv, pos, &byte_len, SV_CONST_RETURN) : pos;
3031 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3032 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3033 sv_setpvn(TARG, tmps, byte_len);
3034 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3035 sv_unmagic(TARG, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm);
3042 SV* repl_sv_copy = NULL;
3044 if (repl_need_utf8_upgrade) {
3045 repl_sv_copy = newSVsv(repl_sv);
3046 sv_utf8_upgrade(repl_sv_copy);
3047 repl = SvPV_const(repl_sv_copy, repl_len);
3048 repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv_copy) && repl_len;
3051 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR),
3052 "Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr"
3056 sv_insert_flags(sv, byte_pos, byte_len, repl, repl_len, 0);
3059 SvREFCNT_dec(repl_sv_copy);
3071 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "substr outside of string");
3072 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR), "substr outside of string");
3079 register const IV size = POPi;
3080 register const IV offset = POPi;
3081 register SV * const src = POPs;
3082 const I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
3085 if (lvalue) { /* it's an lvalue! */
3086 ret = sv_2mortal(newSV_type(SVt_PVLV)); /* Not TARG RT#67838 */
3087 sv_magic(ret, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_vec, NULL, 0);
3089 LvTARG(ret) = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(src);
3090 LvTARGOFF(ret) = offset;
3091 LvTARGLEN(ret) = size;
3095 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3099 sv_setuv(ret, do_vecget(src, offset, size));
3115 const char *little_p;
3118 const bool is_index = PL_op->op_type == OP_INDEX;
3119 const bool threeargs = MAXARG >= 3 && (TOPs || ((void)POPs,0));
3125 big_p = SvPV_const(big, biglen);
3126 little_p = SvPV_const(little, llen);
3128 big_utf8 = DO_UTF8(big);
3129 little_utf8 = DO_UTF8(little);
3130 if (big_utf8 ^ little_utf8) {
3131 /* One needs to be upgraded. */
3132 if (little_utf8 && !PL_encoding) {
3133 /* Well, maybe instead we might be able to downgrade the small
3135 char * const pv = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((U8 *)little_p, &llen,
3138 /* If the large string is ISO-8859-1, and it's not possible to
3139 convert the small string to ISO-8859-1, then there is no
3140 way that it could be found anywhere by index. */
3145 /* At this point, pv is a malloc()ed string. So donate it to temp
3146 to ensure it will get free()d */
3147 little = temp = newSV(0);
3148 sv_usepvn(temp, pv, llen);
3149 little_p = SvPVX(little);
3152 ? newSVpvn(big_p, biglen) : newSVpvn(little_p, llen);
3155 sv_recode_to_utf8(temp, PL_encoding);
3157 sv_utf8_upgrade(temp);
3162 big_p = SvPV_const(big, biglen);
3165 little_p = SvPV_const(little, llen);
3169 if (SvGAMAGIC(big)) {
3170 /* Life just becomes a lot easier if I use a temporary here.
3171 Otherwise I need to avoid calls to sv_pos_u2b(), which (dangerously)
3172 will trigger magic and overloading again, as will fbm_instr()
3174 big = newSVpvn_flags(big_p, biglen,
3175 SVs_TEMP | (big_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
3178 if (SvGAMAGIC(little) || (is_index && !SvOK(little))) {
3179 /* index && SvOK() is a hack. fbm_instr() calls SvPV_const, which will
3180 warn on undef, and we've already triggered a warning with the
3181 SvPV_const some lines above. We can't remove that, as we need to
3182 call some SvPV to trigger overloading early and find out if the
3184 This is all getting to messy. The API isn't quite clean enough,
3185 because data access has side effects.
3187 little = newSVpvn_flags(little_p, llen,
3188 SVs_TEMP | (little_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
3189 little_p = SvPVX(little);
3193 offset = is_index ? 0 : biglen;
3195 if (big_utf8 && offset > 0)
3196 sv_pos_u2b(big, &offset, 0);
3202 else if (offset > (I32)biglen)
3204 if (!(little_p = is_index
3205 ? fbm_instr((unsigned char*)big_p + offset,
3206 (unsigned char*)big_p + biglen, little, 0)
3207 : rninstr(big_p, big_p + offset,
3208 little_p, little_p + llen)))
3211 retval = little_p - big_p;
3212 if (retval > 0 && big_utf8)
3213 sv_pos_b2u(big, &retval);
3223 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
3224 SvTAINTED_off(TARG);
3225 do_sprintf(TARG, SP-MARK, MARK+1);
3226 TAINT_IF(SvTAINTED(TARG));
3238 const U8 *s = (U8*)SvPV_const(argsv, len);
3240 if (PL_encoding && SvPOK(argsv) && !DO_UTF8(argsv)) {
3241 SV * const tmpsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(argsv));
3242 s = (U8*)sv_recode_to_utf8(tmpsv, PL_encoding);
3246 XPUSHu(DO_UTF8(argsv) ?
3247 utf8n_to_uvchr(s, UTF8_MAXBYTES, 0, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV) :
3261 if (!IN_BYTES /* under bytes, chr(-1) eq chr(0xff), etc. */
3262 && ((SvIOKp(top) && !SvIsUV(top) && SvIV_nomg(top) < 0)
3264 ((SvNOKp(top) || (SvOK(top) && !SvIsUV(top)))
3265 && SvNV_nomg(top) < 0.0))) {
3266 if (ckWARN(WARN_UTF8)) {
3267 if (SvGMAGICAL(top)) {
3268 SV *top2 = sv_newmortal();
3269 sv_setsv_nomg(top2, top);
3272 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UTF8),
3273 "Invalid negative number (%"SVf") in chr", top);
3275 value = UNICODE_REPLACEMENT;
3277 value = SvUV_nomg(top);
3280 SvUPGRADE(TARG,SVt_PV);
3282 if (value > 255 && !IN_BYTES) {
3283 SvGROW(TARG, (STRLEN)UNISKIP(value)+1);
3284 tmps = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8_flags((U8*)SvPVX(TARG), value, 0);
3285 SvCUR_set(TARG, tmps - SvPVX_const(TARG));
3287 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3296 *tmps++ = (char)value;
3298 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3300 if (PL_encoding && !IN_BYTES) {
3301 sv_recode_to_utf8(TARG, PL_encoding);
3303 if (SvCUR(TARG) == 0
3304 || ! is_utf8_string((U8*)tmps, SvCUR(TARG))
3305 || UTF8_IS_REPLACEMENT((U8*) tmps, (U8*) tmps + SvCUR(TARG)))
3310 *tmps++ = (char)value;
3326 const char *tmps = SvPV_const(left, len);
3328 if (DO_UTF8(left)) {
3329 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade.
3330 * If not possible, croak.
3331 * Yes, we made this up. */
3332 SV* const tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(left));
3335 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
3336 tmps = SvPV_const(tsv, len);
3338 # ifdef USE_ITHREADS
3340 if (!PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3341 /* This should be threadsafe because in ithreads there is only
3342 * one thread per interpreter. If this would not be true,
3343 * we would need a mutex to protect this malloc. */
3344 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer =
3345 (struct crypt_data *)safemalloc(sizeof(struct crypt_data));
3346 #if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMX__)
3347 if (PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3348 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->initialized = 0;
3349 /* work around glibc-2.2.5 bug */
3350 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->current_saltbits = 0;
3354 # endif /* HAS_CRYPT_R */
3355 # endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
3357 sv_setpv(TARG, fcrypt(tmps, SvPV_nolen_const(right)));
3359 sv_setpv(TARG, PerlProc_crypt(tmps, SvPV_nolen_const(right)));
3365 "The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.");
3369 /* Generally UTF-8 and UTF-EBCDIC are indistinguishable at this level. So
3370 * most comments below say UTF-8, when in fact they mean UTF-EBCDIC as well */
3372 /* Generates code to store a unicode codepoint c that is known to occupy
3373 * exactly two UTF-8 and UTF-EBCDIC bytes; it is stored into p and p+1,
3374 * and p is advanced to point to the next available byte after the two bytes */
3375 #define CAT_UNI_TO_UTF8_TWO_BYTE(p, c) \
3377 *(p)++ = UTF8_TWO_BYTE_HI(c); \
3378 *((p)++) = UTF8_TWO_BYTE_LO(c); \
3383 /* Actually is both lcfirst() and ucfirst(). Only the first character
3384 * changes. This means that possibly we can change in-place, ie., just
3385 * take the source and change that one character and store it back, but not
3386 * if read-only etc, or if the length changes */
3391 STRLEN slen; /* slen is the byte length of the whole SV. */
3394 bool inplace; /* ? Convert first char only, in-place */
3395 bool doing_utf8 = FALSE; /* ? using utf8 */
3396 bool convert_source_to_utf8 = FALSE; /* ? need to convert */
3397 const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
3400 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
3401 STRLEN ulen; /* ulen is the byte length of the original Unicode character
3402 * stored as UTF-8 at s. */
3403 STRLEN tculen; /* tculen is the byte length of the freshly titlecased (or
3404 * lowercased) character stored in tmpbuf. May be either
3405 * UTF-8 or not, but in either case is the number of bytes */
3406 bool tainted = FALSE;
3410 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(source, slen);
3412 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
3413 report_uninit(source);
3418 /* We may be able to get away with changing only the first character, in
3419 * place, but not if read-only, etc. Later we may discover more reasons to
3420 * not convert in-place. */
3421 inplace = SvPADTMP(source) && !SvREADONLY(source) && SvTEMP(source);
3423 /* First calculate what the changed first character should be. This affects
3424 * whether we can just swap it out, leaving the rest of the string unchanged,
3425 * or even if have to convert the dest to UTF-8 when the source isn't */
3427 if (! slen) { /* If empty */
3428 need = 1; /* still need a trailing NUL */
3431 else if (DO_UTF8(source)) { /* Is the source utf8? */
3434 if (op_type == OP_UCFIRST) {
3435 _to_utf8_title_flags(s, tmpbuf, &tculen,
3436 cBOOL(IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME), &tainted);
3439 _to_utf8_lower_flags(s, tmpbuf, &tculen,
3440 cBOOL(IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME), &tainted);
3443 /* we can't do in-place if the length changes. */
3444 if (ulen != tculen) inplace = FALSE;
3445 need = slen + 1 - ulen + tculen;
3447 else { /* Non-zero length, non-UTF-8, Need to consider locale and if
3448 * latin1 is treated as caseless. Note that a locale takes
3450 ulen = 1; /* Original character is 1 byte */
3451 tculen = 1; /* Most characters will require one byte, but this will
3452 * need to be overridden for the tricky ones */
3455 if (op_type == OP_LCFIRST) {
3457 /* lower case the first letter: no trickiness for any character */
3458 *tmpbuf = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) ? toLOWER_LC(*s) :
3459 ((IN_UNI_8_BIT) ? toLOWER_LATIN1(*s) : toLOWER(*s));
3462 else if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3463 *tmpbuf = toUPPER_LC(*s); /* This would be a bug if any locales
3464 * have upper and title case different
3467 else if (! IN_UNI_8_BIT) {
3468 *tmpbuf = toUPPER(*s); /* Returns caseless for non-ascii, or
3469 * on EBCDIC machines whatever the
3470 * native function does */
3472 else { /* is ucfirst non-UTF-8, not in locale, and cased latin1 */
3473 UV title_ord = _to_upper_title_latin1(*s, tmpbuf, &tculen, 's');
3475 assert(tculen == 2);
3477 /* If the result is an upper Latin1-range character, it can
3478 * still be represented in one byte, which is its ordinal */
3479 if (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*tmpbuf)) {
3480 *tmpbuf = (U8) title_ord;
3484 /* Otherwise it became more than one ASCII character (in
3485 * the case of LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) or changed to
3486 * beyond Latin1, so the number of bytes changed, so can't
3487 * replace just the first character in place. */
3490 /* If the result won't fit in a byte, the entire result will
3491 * have to be in UTF-8. Assume worst case sizing in
3492 * conversion. (all latin1 characters occupy at most two bytes
3494 if (title_ord > 255) {
3496 convert_source_to_utf8 = TRUE;
3497 need = slen * 2 + 1;
3499 /* The (converted) UTF-8 and UTF-EBCDIC lengths of all
3500 * (both) characters whose title case is above 255 is
3504 else { /* LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S expands by 1 byte */
3505 need = slen + 1 + 1;
3509 } /* End of use Unicode (Latin1) semantics */
3510 } /* End of changing the case of the first character */
3512 /* Here, have the first character's changed case stored in tmpbuf. Ready to
3513 * generate the result */
3516 /* We can convert in place. This means we change just the first
3517 * character without disturbing the rest; no need to grow */
3519 s = d = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(source, slen);
3525 /* Here, we can't convert in place; we earlier calculated how much
3526 * space we will need, so grow to accommodate that */
3527 SvUPGRADE(dest, SVt_PV);
3528 d = (U8*)SvGROW(dest, need);
3529 (void)SvPOK_only(dest);
3536 if (! convert_source_to_utf8) {
3538 /* Here both source and dest are in UTF-8, but have to create
3539 * the entire output. We initialize the result to be the
3540 * title/lower cased first character, and then append the rest
3542 sv_setpvn(dest, (char*)tmpbuf, tculen);
3544 sv_catpvn(dest, (char*)(s + ulen), slen - ulen);
3548 const U8 *const send = s + slen;
3550 /* Here the dest needs to be in UTF-8, but the source isn't,
3551 * except we earlier UTF-8'd the first character of the source
3552 * into tmpbuf. First put that into dest, and then append the
3553 * rest of the source, converting it to UTF-8 as we go. */
3555 /* Assert tculen is 2 here because the only two characters that
3556 * get to this part of the code have 2-byte UTF-8 equivalents */
3558 *d++ = *(tmpbuf + 1);
3559 s++; /* We have just processed the 1st char */
3561 for (; s < send; s++) {
3562 d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, *s);
3565 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
3569 else { /* in-place UTF-8. Just overwrite the first character */
3570 Copy(tmpbuf, d, tculen, U8);
3571 SvCUR_set(dest, need - 1);
3579 else { /* Neither source nor dest are in or need to be UTF-8 */
3581 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3585 if (inplace) { /* in-place, only need to change the 1st char */
3588 else { /* Not in-place */
3590 /* Copy the case-changed character(s) from tmpbuf */
3591 Copy(tmpbuf, d, tculen, U8);
3592 d += tculen - 1; /* Code below expects d to point to final
3593 * character stored */
3596 else { /* empty source */
3597 /* See bug #39028: Don't taint if empty */
3601 /* In a "use bytes" we don't treat the source as UTF-8, but, still want
3602 * the destination to retain that flag */
3606 if (!inplace) { /* Finish the rest of the string, unchanged */
3607 /* This will copy the trailing NUL */
3608 Copy(s + 1, d + 1, slen, U8);
3609 SvCUR_set(dest, need - 1);
3612 if (dest != source && SvTAINTED(source))
3618 /* There's so much setup/teardown code common between uc and lc, I wonder if
3619 it would be worth merging the two, and just having a switch outside each
3620 of the three tight loops. There is less and less commonality though */
3634 if (SvPADTMP(source) && !SvREADONLY(source) && !SvAMAGIC(source)
3635 && SvTEMP(source) && !DO_UTF8(source)
3636 && (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME || ! IN_UNI_8_BIT)) {
3638 /* We can convert in place. The reason we can't if in UNI_8_BIT is to
3639 * make the loop tight, so we overwrite the source with the dest before
3640 * looking at it, and we need to look at the original source
3641 * afterwards. There would also need to be code added to handle
3642 * switching to not in-place in midstream if we run into characters
3643 * that change the length.
3646 s = d = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(source, len);
3653 /* The old implementation would copy source into TARG at this point.
3654 This had the side effect that if source was undef, TARG was now
3655 an undefined SV with PADTMP set, and they don't warn inside
3656 sv_2pv_flags(). However, we're now getting the PV direct from
3657 source, which doesn't have PADTMP set, so it would warn. Hence the
3661 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(source, len);
3663 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
3664 report_uninit(source);
3670 SvUPGRADE(dest, SVt_PV);
3671 d = (U8*)SvGROW(dest, min);
3672 (void)SvPOK_only(dest);
3677 /* Overloaded values may have toggled the UTF-8 flag on source, so we need
3678 to check DO_UTF8 again here. */
3680 if (DO_UTF8(source)) {
3681 const U8 *const send = s + len;
3682 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3683 bool tainted = FALSE;
3685 /* All occurrences of these are to be moved to follow any other marks.
3686 * This is context-dependent. We may not be passed enough context to
3687 * move the iota subscript beyond all of them, but we do the best we can
3688 * with what we're given. The result is always better than if we
3689 * hadn't done this. And, the problem would only arise if we are
3690 * passed a character without all its combining marks, which would be
3691 * the caller's mistake. The information this is based on comes from a
3692 * comment in Unicode SpecialCasing.txt, (and the Standard's text
3693 * itself) and so can't be checked properly to see if it ever gets
3694 * revised. But the likelihood of it changing is remote */
3695 bool in_iota_subscript = FALSE;
3701 if (in_iota_subscript && ! is_utf8_mark(s)) {
3703 /* A non-mark. Time to output the iota subscript */
3704 #define GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTA 0x0399
3705 #define COMBINING_GREEK_YPOGEGRAMMENI 0x0345
3707 CAT_UNI_TO_UTF8_TWO_BYTE(d, GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTA);
3708 in_iota_subscript = FALSE;
3711 /* Then handle the current character. Get the changed case value
3712 * and copy it to the output buffer */
3715 uv = _to_utf8_upper_flags(s, tmpbuf, &ulen,
3716 cBOOL(IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME), &tainted);
3717 if (uv == GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTA
3718 && utf8_to_uvchr_buf(s, send, 0) == COMBINING_GREEK_YPOGEGRAMMENI)
3720 in_iota_subscript = TRUE;
3723 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(dest) < (min += ulen - u))) {
3724 /* If the eventually required minimum size outgrows the
3725 * available space, we need to grow. */
3726 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
3728 /* If someone uppercases one million U+03B0s we SvGROW()
3729 * one million times. Or we could try guessing how much to
3730 * allocate without allocating too much. Such is life.
3731 * See corresponding comment in lc code for another option
3734 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
3736 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
3741 if (in_iota_subscript) {
3742 CAT_UNI_TO_UTF8_TWO_BYTE(d, GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTA);
3747 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
3753 else { /* Not UTF-8 */
3755 const U8 *const send = s + len;
3757 /* Use locale casing if in locale; regular style if not treating
3758 * latin1 as having case; otherwise the latin1 casing. Do the
3759 * whole thing in a tight loop, for speed, */
3760 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3763 for (; s < send; d++, s++)
3764 *d = toUPPER_LC(*s);
3766 else if (! IN_UNI_8_BIT) {
3767 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
3772 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
3773 *d = toUPPER_LATIN1_MOD(*s);
3774 if (LIKELY(*d != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS)) continue;
3776 /* The mainstream case is the tight loop above. To avoid
3777 * extra tests in that, all three characters that require
3778 * special handling are mapped by the MOD to the one tested
3780 * Use the source to distinguish between the three cases */
3782 if (*s == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) {
3784 /* uc() of this requires 2 characters, but they are
3785 * ASCII. If not enough room, grow the string */
3786 if (SvLEN(dest) < ++min) {
3787 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
3789 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
3791 *d++ = 'S'; *d = 'S'; /* upper case is 'SS' */
3792 continue; /* Back to the tight loop; still in ASCII */
3795 /* The other two special handling characters have their
3796 * upper cases outside the latin1 range, hence need to be
3797 * in UTF-8, so the whole result needs to be in UTF-8. So,
3798 * here we are somewhere in the middle of processing a
3799 * non-UTF-8 string, and realize that we will have to convert
3800 * the whole thing to UTF-8. What to do? There are
3801 * several possibilities. The simplest to code is to
3802 * convert what we have so far, set a flag, and continue on
3803 * in the loop. The flag would be tested each time through
3804 * the loop, and if set, the next character would be
3805 * converted to UTF-8 and stored. But, I (khw) didn't want
3806 * to slow down the mainstream case at all for this fairly
3807 * rare case, so I didn't want to add a test that didn't
3808 * absolutely have to be there in the loop, besides the
3809 * possibility that it would get too complicated for
3810 * optimizers to deal with. Another possibility is to just
3811 * give up, convert the source to UTF-8, and restart the
3812 * function that way. Another possibility is to convert
3813 * both what has already been processed and what is yet to
3814 * come separately to UTF-8, then jump into the loop that
3815 * handles UTF-8. But the most efficient time-wise of the
3816 * ones I could think of is what follows, and turned out to
3817 * not require much extra code. */
3819 /* Convert what we have so far into UTF-8, telling the
3820 * function that we know it should be converted, and to
3821 * allow extra space for what we haven't processed yet.
3822 * Assume the worst case space requirements for converting
3823 * what we haven't processed so far: that it will require
3824 * two bytes for each remaining source character, plus the
3825 * NUL at the end. This may cause the string pointer to
3826 * move, so re-find it. */
3828 len = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
3829 SvCUR_set(dest, len);
3830 len = sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(dest,
3831 SV_GMAGIC|SV_FORCE_UTF8_UPGRADE,
3833 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + len;
3835 /* Now process the remainder of the source, converting to
3836 * upper and UTF-8. If a resulting byte is invariant in
3837 * UTF-8, output it as-is, otherwise convert to UTF-8 and
3838 * append it to the output. */
3839 for (; s < send; s++) {
3840 (void) _to_upper_title_latin1(*s, d, &len, 'S');
3844 /* Here have processed the whole source; no need to continue
3845 * with the outer loop. Each character has been converted
3846 * to upper case and converted to UTF-8 */
3849 } /* End of processing all latin1-style chars */
3850 } /* End of processing all chars */
3851 } /* End of source is not empty */
3853 if (source != dest) {
3854 *d = '\0'; /* Here d points to 1 after last char, add NUL */
3855 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
3857 } /* End of isn't utf8 */
3858 if (dest != source && SvTAINTED(source))
3877 if (SvPADTMP(source) && !SvREADONLY(source) && !SvAMAGIC(source)
3878 && SvTEMP(source) && !DO_UTF8(source)) {
3880 /* We can convert in place, as lowercasing anything in the latin1 range
3881 * (or else DO_UTF8 would have been on) doesn't lengthen it */
3883 s = d = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(source, len);
3890 /* The old implementation would copy source into TARG at this point.
3891 This had the side effect that if source was undef, TARG was now
3892 an undefined SV with PADTMP set, and they don't warn inside
3893 sv_2pv_flags(). However, we're now getting the PV direct from
3894 source, which doesn't have PADTMP set, so it would warn. Hence the
3898 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(source, len);
3900 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
3901 report_uninit(source);
3907 SvUPGRADE(dest, SVt_PV);
3908 d = (U8*)SvGROW(dest, min);
3909 (void)SvPOK_only(dest);
3914 /* Overloaded values may have toggled the UTF-8 flag on source, so we need
3915 to check DO_UTF8 again here. */
3917 if (DO_UTF8(source)) {
3918 const U8 *const send = s + len;
3919 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
3920 bool tainted = FALSE;
3923 const STRLEN u = UTF8SKIP(s);
3926 _to_utf8_lower_flags(s, tmpbuf, &ulen,
3927 cBOOL(IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME), &tainted);
3929 /* Here is where we would do context-sensitive actions. See the
3930 * commit message for this comment for why there isn't any */
3932 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(dest) < (min += ulen - u))) {
3934 /* If the eventually required minimum size outgrows the
3935 * available space, we need to grow. */
3936 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
3938 /* If someone lowercases one million U+0130s we SvGROW() one
3939 * million times. Or we could try guessing how much to
3940 * allocate without allocating too much. Such is life.
3941 * Another option would be to grow an extra byte or two more
3942 * each time we need to grow, which would cut down the million
3943 * to 500K, with little waste */
3945 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
3948 /* Copy the newly lowercased letter to the output buffer we're
3950 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
3953 } /* End of looping through the source string */
3956 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
3961 } else { /* Not utf8 */
3963 const U8 *const send = s + len;
3965 /* Use locale casing if in locale; regular style if not treating
3966 * latin1 as having case; otherwise the latin1 casing. Do the
3967 * whole thing in a tight loop, for speed, */
3968 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
3971 for (; s < send; d++, s++)
3972 *d = toLOWER_LC(*s);
3974 else if (! IN_UNI_8_BIT) {
3975 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
3980 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
3981 *d = toLOWER_LATIN1(*s);
3985 if (source != dest) {
3987 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
3990 if (dest != source && SvTAINTED(source))
3999 SV * const sv = TOPs;
4001 register const char *s = SvPV_const(sv,len);
4003 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
4006 SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
4007 SvGROW(TARG, (len * 2) + 1);
4011 STRLEN ulen = UTF8SKIP(s);
4012 bool to_quote = FALSE;
4014 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) {
4015 if (_isQUOTEMETA(*s)) {
4019 else if (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*s)) {
4021 /* In locale, we quote all non-ASCII Latin1 chars.
4022 * Otherwise use the quoting rules */
4023 if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
4024 || _isQUOTEMETA(TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_UNI(*s, *(s + 1))))
4029 else if (_is_utf8_quotemeta((U8 *) s)) {
4044 else if (IN_UNI_8_BIT) {
4046 if (_isQUOTEMETA(*s))
4052 /* For non UNI_8_BIT (and hence in locale) just quote all \W
4053 * including everything above ASCII */
4055 if (!isWORDCHAR_A(*s))
4061 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - SvPVX_const(TARG));
4062 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
4065 sv_setpvn(TARG, s, len);
4082 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES * UTF8_MAX_FOLD_CHAR_EXPAND + 1];
4083 const bool full_folding = TRUE;
4084 const U8 flags = ( full_folding ? FOLD_FLAGS_FULL : 0 )
4085 | ( IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME ? FOLD_FLAGS_LOCALE : 0 );
4087 /* This is a facsimile of pp_lc, but with a thousand bugs thanks to me.
4088 * You are welcome(?) -Hugmeir
4096 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(source, len);
4098 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
4099 report_uninit(source);
4106 SvUPGRADE(dest, SVt_PV);
4107 d = (U8*)SvGROW(dest, min);
4108 (void)SvPOK_only(dest);
4113 if (DO_UTF8(source)) { /* UTF-8 flagged string. */
4114 bool tainted = FALSE;
4116 const STRLEN u = UTF8SKIP(s);
4119 _to_utf8_fold_flags(s, tmpbuf, &ulen, flags, &tainted);
4121 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(dest) < (min += ulen - u))) {
4122 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
4124 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
4127 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
4136 } /* Unflagged string */
4138 /* For locale, bytes, and nothing, the behavior is supposed to be the
4141 if ( IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME ) { /* Under locale */
4144 for (; s < send; d++, s++)
4145 *d = toLOWER_LC(*s);
4147 else if ( !IN_UNI_8_BIT ) { /* Under nothing, or bytes */
4148 for (; s < send; d++, s++)
4152 /* For ASCII and the Latin-1 range, there's only two troublesome folds,
4153 * \x{DF} (\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S}), which under full casefolding
4154 * becomes 'ss', and \x{B5} (\N{MICRO SIGN}), which under any fold becomes
4155 * \x{3BC} (\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER MU}) -- For the rest, the casefold is
4158 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
4159 if (*s == MICRO_SIGN) {
4160 /* \N{MICRO SIGN}'s casefold is \N{GREEK SMALL LETTER MU}, which
4161 * is outside of the latin-1 range. There's a couple of ways to
4162 * deal with this -- khw discusses them in pp_lc/uc, so go there :)
4163 * What we do here is upgrade what we had already casefolded,
4164 * then enter an inner loop that appends the rest of the characters
4167 len = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
4168 SvCUR_set(dest, len);
4169 len = sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(dest,
4170 SV_GMAGIC|SV_FORCE_UTF8_UPGRADE,
4171 /* The max expansion for latin1
4172 * chars is 1 byte becomes 2 */
4174 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + len;
4176 CAT_UNI_TO_UTF8_TWO_BYTE(d, GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU);
4178 for (; s < send; s++) {
4180 UV fc = _to_uni_fold_flags(*s, tmpbuf, &ulen, flags);
4181 if UNI_IS_INVARIANT(fc) {
4182 if ( full_folding && *s == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) {
4190 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
4196 else if (full_folding && *s == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) {
4197 /* Under full casefolding, LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S becomes "ss",
4198 * which may require growing the SV.
4200 if (SvLEN(dest) < ++min) {
4201 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
4203 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
4208 else { /* If it's not one of those two, the fold is their lower case */
4209 *d = toLOWER_LATIN1(*s);
4215 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
4217 if (SvTAINTED(source))
4227 dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
4228 register AV *const av = MUTABLE_AV(POPs);
4229 register const I32 lval = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET);
4231 if (SvTYPE(av) == SVt_PVAV) {
4232 const bool localizing = PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO;
4233 bool can_preserve = FALSE;
4239 can_preserve = SvCANEXISTDELETE(av);
4242 if (lval && localizing) {
4245 for (svp = MARK + 1; svp <= SP; svp++) {
4246 const I32 elem = SvIV(*svp);
4250 if (max > AvMAX(av))
4254 while (++MARK <= SP) {
4256 I32 elem = SvIV(*MARK);
4257 bool preeminent = TRUE;
4259 if (localizing && can_preserve) {
4260 /* If we can determine whether the element exist,
4261 * Try to preserve the existenceness of a tied array
4262 * element by using EXISTS and DELETE if possible.
4263 * Fallback to FETCH and STORE otherwise. */
4264 preeminent = av_exists(av, elem);
4267 svp = av_fetch(av, elem, lval);
4269 if (!svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef)
4270 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, elem);
4273 save_aelem(av, elem, svp);
4275 SAVEADELETE(av, elem);
4278 *MARK = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
4281 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
4283 *++MARK = SP > ORIGMARK ? *SP : &PL_sv_undef;
4289 /* Smart dereferencing for keys, values and each */
4301 (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVHV && SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVAV)
4306 "Type of argument to %s must be unblessed hashref or arrayref",
4307 PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type] );
4310 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV)
4312 "Can't modify %s in %s",
4313 PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type], PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_next->op_type]
4316 /* Delegate to correct function for op type */
4318 if (PL_op->op_type == OP_RKEYS || PL_op->op_type == OP_RVALUES) {
4319 return (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV) ? Perl_do_kv(aTHX) : Perl_pp_akeys(aTHX);
4322 return (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV) ? Perl_pp_each(aTHX) : Perl_pp_aeach(aTHX);
4330 AV *array = MUTABLE_AV(POPs);
4331 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4332 IV *iterp = Perl_av_iter_p(aTHX_ array);
4333 const IV current = (*iterp)++;
4335 if (current > av_len(array)) {
4337 if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
4345 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4346 SV **const element = av_fetch(array, current, 0);
4347 PUSHs(element ? *element : &PL_sv_undef);
4356 AV *array = MUTABLE_AV(POPs);
4357 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4359 *Perl_av_iter_p(aTHX_ array) = 0;
4361 if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
4363 PUSHi(av_len(array) + 1);
4365 else if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4366 IV n = Perl_av_len(aTHX_ array);
4371 if (PL_op->op_type == OP_AKEYS || PL_op->op_type == OP_RKEYS) {
4372 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
4377 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
4378 SV *const *const elem = Perl_av_fetch(aTHX_ array, i, 0);
4379 PUSHs(elem ? *elem : &PL_sv_undef);
4386 /* Associative arrays. */
4392 HV * hash = MUTABLE_HV(POPs);
4394 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4397 /* might clobber stack_sp */
4398 entry = hv_iternext(hash);
4403 SV* const sv = hv_iterkeysv(entry);
4404 PUSHs(sv); /* won't clobber stack_sp */
4405 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4408 /* might clobber stack_sp */
4409 val = hv_iterval(hash, entry);
4414 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
4421 S_do_delete_local(pTHX)
4425 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4429 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpSLICE) {
4431 SV * const osv = POPs;
4432 const bool tied = SvRMAGICAL(osv)
4433 && mg_find((const SV *)osv, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
4434 const bool can_preserve = SvCANEXISTDELETE(osv);
4435 const U32 type = SvTYPE(osv);
4436 if (type == SVt_PVHV) { /* hash element */
4437 HV * const hv = MUTABLE_HV(osv);
4438 while (++MARK <= SP) {
4439 SV * const keysv = *MARK;
4441 bool preeminent = TRUE;
4443 preeminent = hv_exists_ent(hv, keysv, 0);
4445 HE *he = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, 1, 0);
4452 sv = hv_delete_ent(hv, keysv, 0, 0);
4453 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv); /* De-mortalize */
4456 save_helem_flags(hv, keysv, &sv, SAVEf_KEEPOLDELEM);
4458 *MARK = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
4464 SAVEHDELETE(hv, keysv);
4465 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
4469 else if (type == SVt_PVAV) { /* array element */
4470 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
4471 AV * const av = MUTABLE_AV(osv);
4472 while (++MARK <= SP) {
4473 I32 idx = SvIV(*MARK);
4475 bool preeminent = TRUE;
4477 preeminent = av_exists(av, idx);
4479 SV **svp = av_fetch(av, idx, 1);
4486 sv = av_delete(av, idx, 0);
4487 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv); /* De-mortalize */
4490 save_aelem_flags(av, idx, &sv, SAVEf_KEEPOLDELEM);
4492 *MARK = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
4498 SAVEADELETE(av, idx);
4499 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
4505 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
4506 if (gimme == G_VOID)
4508 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
4513 *++MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
4518 SV * const keysv = POPs;
4519 SV * const osv = POPs;
4520 const bool tied = SvRMAGICAL(osv)
4521 && mg_find((const SV *)osv, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
4522 const bool can_preserve = SvCANEXISTDELETE(osv);
4523 const U32 type = SvTYPE(osv);
4525 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
4526 HV * const hv = MUTABLE_HV(osv);
4527 bool preeminent = TRUE;
4529 preeminent = hv_exists_ent(hv, keysv, 0);
4531 HE *he = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, 1, 0);
4538 sv = hv_delete_ent(hv, keysv, 0, 0);
4539 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv); /* De-mortalize */
4542 save_helem_flags(hv, keysv, &sv, SAVEf_KEEPOLDELEM);
4544 SV *nsv = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
4550 SAVEHDELETE(hv, keysv);
4552 else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
4553 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
4554 AV * const av = MUTABLE_AV(osv);
4555 I32 idx = SvIV(keysv);
4556 bool preeminent = TRUE;
4558 preeminent = av_exists(av, idx);
4560 SV **svp = av_fetch(av, idx, 1);
4567 sv = av_delete(av, idx, 0);
4568 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv); /* De-mortalize */
4571 save_aelem_flags(av, idx, &sv, SAVEf_KEEPOLDELEM);
4573 SV *nsv = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
4579 SAVEADELETE(av, idx);
4582 DIE(aTHX_ "panic: avhv_delete no longer supported");
4585 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a HASH reference");
4588 if (gimme != G_VOID)
4602 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
4603 return do_delete_local();
4606 discard = (gimme == G_VOID) ? G_DISCARD : 0;
4608 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpSLICE) {
4610 HV * const hv = MUTABLE_HV(POPs);
4611 const U32 hvtype = SvTYPE(hv);
4612 if (hvtype == SVt_PVHV) { /* hash element */
4613 while (++MARK <= SP) {
4614 SV * const sv = hv_delete_ent(hv, *MARK, discard, 0);