4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
169 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
170 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
171 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
172 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
173 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
174 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
175 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
176 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
178 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
179 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
180 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
181 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
182 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
184 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
186 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
187 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
188 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
190 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
192 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
193 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
195 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
196 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
197 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
198 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
199 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
201 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
202 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
203 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
204 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
205 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
209 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
215 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
216 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
217 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
218 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
219 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
222 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
223 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
224 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
225 /* Remaining space is too small. */
227 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
229 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
230 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
232 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
233 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
234 slab->opslab_freed = o;
237 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
238 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
239 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
240 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
241 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
243 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
244 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
245 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
247 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
249 /* Create a new op slot */
250 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
251 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
252 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
253 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
254 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
256 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
262 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
264 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
266 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
268 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
269 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
270 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
271 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
272 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
273 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
274 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
275 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
280 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
284 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
286 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
288 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
289 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
290 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
291 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
292 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
293 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
294 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
297 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
301 # define Slab_to_rw(op) NOOP
304 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
305 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
308 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
312 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
315 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
318 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
320 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
322 PerlMemShared_free(op);
327 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
328 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
329 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
330 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
331 slab->opslab_freed = o;
332 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
333 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
337 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
340 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
341 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
344 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
351 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
355 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
356 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
357 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
358 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
359 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
361 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
363 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
364 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
366 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
367 perror("munmap failed");
371 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
377 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
382 size_t savestack_count = 0;
384 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
387 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
389 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
390 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
391 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
397 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
398 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
399 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
402 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
403 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
404 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
406 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
408 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
409 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
416 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
418 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
421 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
422 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
435 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
438 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
442 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
444 result = --o->op_targ;
447 result = --o->op_targ;
453 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
454 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
456 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
457 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
458 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
459 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
461 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
463 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
465 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
467 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
468 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
472 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
474 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
478 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
483 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
487 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
493 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
495 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
496 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
497 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
502 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
504 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
505 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
510 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
514 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
519 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
523 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
524 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
529 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
531 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
533 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
534 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
538 S_bad_type_gv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, GV *gv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
540 SV * const namesv = gv_ename(gv);
541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_GV;
543 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
544 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
548 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
550 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
553 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
554 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
555 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
557 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
560 /* "register" allocation */
563 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
567 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
571 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
572 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
575 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
577 assert(strlen(name) == len);
579 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
583 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
584 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
586 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
587 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
588 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
589 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
590 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
591 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
593 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
594 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
597 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
598 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
599 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
600 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
601 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
605 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
607 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
608 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
609 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
610 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
611 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
613 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
614 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
618 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
619 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
621 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
622 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
628 =for apidoc alloccopstash
630 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
631 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
638 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
640 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
641 bool found_slot = FALSE;
643 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
645 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
647 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
648 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
649 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
650 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
653 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
654 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
655 off = PL_stashpadmax;
656 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
659 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
664 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
665 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
668 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
676 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
681 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
683 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
684 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
685 may be freed before their parents. */
686 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
690 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
701 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
704 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
705 we maintain for reset(). */
706 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
716 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
717 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
721 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
723 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
724 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
729 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
732 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
734 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
735 * numbers etc even after null() */
736 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
742 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
749 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
754 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
757 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
762 switch (o->op_type) {
763 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
764 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
765 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
770 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
774 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
775 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
782 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
787 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
788 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
789 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
790 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
791 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
792 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
793 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
794 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
795 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
796 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
797 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
798 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
799 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
800 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
801 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
804 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
806 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
807 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
808 * may still exist on the pad */
809 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
810 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
813 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
814 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
817 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
820 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
824 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
827 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
828 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
831 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
832 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
833 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
834 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
837 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
847 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
852 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
853 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
855 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
856 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
857 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
860 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
861 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
865 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
866 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
870 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
874 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
875 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
876 * exist on the pad */
877 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
880 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
886 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
887 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
888 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
890 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
891 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
892 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
893 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
894 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
895 * happen before sv_clean_all
898 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
899 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
900 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
901 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
902 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
906 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
907 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
913 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
914 pad_free(o->op_targ);
920 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
925 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
926 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
927 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
928 if (PL_curcop == cop)
933 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
936 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
938 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
940 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
941 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
943 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
944 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
949 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
950 array[i] = array[--count];
951 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
952 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
953 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
956 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
969 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
971 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
973 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
974 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
976 switch (kid->op_type) {
981 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
983 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
984 kid = kid->op_sibling;
990 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
994 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
996 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1000 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
1001 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1002 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1006 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1009 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1014 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1017 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1021 /* Contextualizers */
1024 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1026 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1027 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1028 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1035 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1037 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1039 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1040 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1041 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1043 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1050 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1052 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1053 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1054 not be called directly.
1060 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1064 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1069 /* establish postfix order */
1070 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1073 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1076 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1077 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1078 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1092 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1094 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1096 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1103 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1107 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1109 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1110 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1111 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1112 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1114 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1115 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1116 of the conditional, not the last. */
1117 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1119 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1120 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1127 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1132 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1133 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1134 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1135 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1140 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1142 switch (o->op_type) {
1144 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1149 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1159 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1160 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1166 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1168 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1171 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1172 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1178 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1183 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1186 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1193 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1197 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1198 const char* useless = NULL;
1202 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1204 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1206 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1208 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1211 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1212 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1213 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1219 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1220 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1221 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1222 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1223 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1225 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1226 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1227 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1228 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1229 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1234 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1235 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1237 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1240 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1242 switch (o->op_type) {
1244 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1248 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1252 if (o->op_private == 4)
1277 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1298 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1299 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1304 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1329 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1330 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1331 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1335 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1336 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1338 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1340 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1342 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1346 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1347 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1348 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1351 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1355 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1356 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1360 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1367 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1368 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1369 useless = "a variable";
1374 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1375 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1377 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1378 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1379 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1380 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1382 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1383 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1384 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1385 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1387 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1388 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1390 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1392 pv_pretty(dsv, SvPVX_const(sv),
1393 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1395 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1396 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1397 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1399 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1400 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1403 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1406 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1410 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1411 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1415 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1416 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1420 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1421 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1425 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1426 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1431 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1434 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1437 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1438 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1441 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1443 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1446 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1447 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1448 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1451 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1454 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1456 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1459 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1460 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1461 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1463 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1464 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1465 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1477 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1478 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1479 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1481 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1483 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1485 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1486 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1495 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1500 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1507 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1518 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1529 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1530 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1531 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1532 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1535 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1536 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1543 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1545 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1547 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1554 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1559 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1560 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1561 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1562 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1567 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1568 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1570 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1573 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1575 switch (o->op_type) {
1578 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1583 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1591 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1593 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1594 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1595 return gen_constant_list(o);
1602 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1604 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1607 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1608 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1614 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1618 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1625 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1629 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1631 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1632 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1635 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1636 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1640 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1642 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1643 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1644 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1647 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1652 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1654 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1656 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1657 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1663 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1665 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1666 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1667 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1668 the tree thread-safe.
1673 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1675 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1678 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1686 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1688 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1690 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1692 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1693 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1695 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1696 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1697 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1698 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1699 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1700 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1701 finalize_op(prop_op);
1708 switch (o->op_type) {
1711 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1715 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1716 && ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1718 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1719 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1720 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1721 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1722 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1723 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1724 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1725 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1726 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1727 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1734 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1735 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1736 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1737 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1738 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1739 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1740 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1741 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1748 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1749 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1753 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1754 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1755 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1756 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1757 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1758 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVf_READONLY);
1759 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1760 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1761 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1762 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1763 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1774 const char *key = NULL;
1777 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1780 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1781 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1782 if ((!SvIsCOW_shared_hash(sv = *svp))
1783 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && SvOK(sv) && !SvROK(sv)) {
1784 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1785 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1786 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1788 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
1792 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1795 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1796 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1798 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1799 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1801 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1802 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1804 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1805 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1806 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1807 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1808 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1809 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1810 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1822 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1824 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1825 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1826 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1827 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1829 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1830 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1832 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1833 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1834 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1836 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1837 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1838 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1840 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1846 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1847 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1849 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1850 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1852 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1853 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1854 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1855 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1856 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1857 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1859 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1860 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1861 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1862 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1863 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1864 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1865 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1866 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1873 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1874 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1881 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1883 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1889 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1891 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1892 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1893 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1894 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1897 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1898 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1899 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1901 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1902 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1908 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1912 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1915 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1918 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1919 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1924 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1926 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1928 switch (o->op_type) {
1933 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1937 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1938 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1939 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1940 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1941 poses, so we need it clear. */
1942 o->op_private &= ~1;
1943 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1944 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1945 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1948 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1949 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1950 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1951 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1952 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1953 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1954 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1957 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1958 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1961 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1962 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1964 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1965 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1966 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1967 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1969 while (kid->op_sibling)
1970 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1971 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1972 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1975 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1976 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1977 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1978 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1980 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1981 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1982 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1983 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1987 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1997 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
1998 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1999 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2000 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2002 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2003 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2005 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2006 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2008 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2022 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2031 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2038 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2039 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2044 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2045 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2046 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2050 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2052 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2059 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2060 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2064 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2068 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2069 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2072 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2073 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2074 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2078 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2082 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2091 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2098 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2099 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2100 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2101 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2103 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2104 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2108 if (!type) /* local() */
2109 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2110 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2119 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2123 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2129 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2130 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2131 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2132 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2137 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2138 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2139 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2140 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2141 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2142 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2152 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2153 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2158 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2160 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2162 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2163 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2169 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2170 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2171 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2172 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2173 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2177 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2179 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2185 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2186 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2188 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2189 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2192 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2193 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2195 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2196 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2197 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2200 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2201 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2202 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2207 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2208 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2211 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2212 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2213 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2218 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2223 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2247 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2268 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2270 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2272 switch (o->op_type) {
2280 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2293 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2295 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2297 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2304 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2309 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2311 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2314 switch (o->op_type) {
2316 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2317 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2318 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2319 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2320 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2321 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2322 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2323 o->op_private &= ~1;
2325 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2326 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2327 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2329 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2335 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2336 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2339 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2340 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2341 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2344 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2345 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2346 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2348 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2355 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2358 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2359 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2360 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2366 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2371 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2373 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2377 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2378 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2379 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2380 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2382 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2392 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2394 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2404 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2409 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2411 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2412 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2413 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2415 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2416 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2418 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2422 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2424 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2425 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2426 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2427 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2428 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2435 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2438 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2442 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2443 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2445 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2446 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2448 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2449 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2451 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2452 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2453 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2454 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2456 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2461 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2464 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2465 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2467 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2472 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2473 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2474 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2476 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2477 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2478 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2479 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2480 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2481 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2483 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2484 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2487 /* Need package name for method call. */
2488 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2490 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2491 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2493 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2494 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2495 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2496 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2497 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2498 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2499 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2500 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2502 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2503 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2504 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2505 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2506 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2507 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2509 /* Combine the ops. */
2510 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2514 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2516 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2517 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2518 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2519 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2520 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2521 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2522 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2523 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2524 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2525 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2531 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2532 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2536 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2539 len = strlen(attrstr);
2543 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2545 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2546 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2547 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2548 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2549 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2553 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2554 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2555 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2556 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2557 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2558 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2559 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2564 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2568 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2570 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2572 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2576 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2577 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2581 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2583 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2584 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2586 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2588 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2590 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2591 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2592 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2594 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2596 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2598 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2599 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2600 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2601 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2602 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2603 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2604 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2607 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2610 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2613 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2615 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2617 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2619 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2622 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2625 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2626 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2628 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2629 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2631 stash = PL_curstash;
2632 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2634 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2635 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2637 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2642 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2646 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2648 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2650 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2651 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2653 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2663 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2665 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2666 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2667 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2670 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2671 which will mess up list assignment. */
2672 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2673 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2674 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2676 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2677 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2680 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2683 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2684 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2689 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2691 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2693 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2698 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2702 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2703 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2705 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2707 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2708 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2710 const char * const desc
2712 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2713 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2715 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2716 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2719 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2720 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2721 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2722 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2725 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2728 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2729 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2732 const char * const sample = (isary
2733 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2734 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2735 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2736 desc, sample, sample);
2740 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2741 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2742 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2744 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2747 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2748 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2750 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2751 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2752 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2754 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2755 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2756 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2757 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2758 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2760 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2762 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2765 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2766 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2767 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2768 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2769 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2770 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2771 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2774 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2775 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2777 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2779 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2783 return bind_match(type, left,
2784 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2788 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2792 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2796 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2798 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2799 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2800 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2801 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2802 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2803 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2810 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2814 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2815 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2816 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2817 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2819 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2821 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2822 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2823 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2824 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2827 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2828 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2830 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2835 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2841 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2843 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2844 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2845 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2846 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2853 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2856 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2858 pad_block_start(full);
2860 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2861 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2862 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2864 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2870 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2873 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2874 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2877 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2881 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2885 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2886 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2887 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2892 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2895 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2896 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2897 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2898 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2899 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2900 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2901 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2902 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2903 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2904 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2905 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2906 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2907 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2908 list of ops like this:
2932 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2933 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2934 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2935 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2936 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2937 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2938 if (kid == last) break;
2940 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2943 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2949 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2951 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2953 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2954 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2960 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2962 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2964 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2971 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2972 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2973 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2976 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2977 o->op_targ = offset;
2983 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2987 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
2994 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2995 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2996 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2998 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
2999 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3001 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3002 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3003 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3006 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3008 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3009 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3010 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3011 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3012 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3015 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3016 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3018 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3021 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3022 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3023 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3024 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3027 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3028 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3029 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3030 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3031 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3032 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3033 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3036 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3037 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3038 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3039 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3040 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3041 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3042 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3043 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3044 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3045 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3048 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3050 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3053 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3054 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3055 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3056 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3057 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3058 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3059 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3060 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3061 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3064 /* Register with debugger */
3066 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3070 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3072 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3079 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3083 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3085 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3086 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3087 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3094 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3095 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3096 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3098 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3101 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3102 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3106 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3107 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3110 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3112 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3118 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3119 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3120 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3122 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3124 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3134 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3135 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3136 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3141 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3143 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3145 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3147 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3148 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3153 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3154 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3156 I32 type = o->op_type;
3158 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3160 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3162 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3163 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3168 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3169 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3171 I32 type = o->op_type;
3173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3175 /* integerize op. */
3176 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3179 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3182 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3183 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3184 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3190 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3195 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3200 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3201 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3205 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3207 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3222 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3223 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3227 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3228 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3231 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3232 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3234 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3235 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3236 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3243 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3246 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3247 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3249 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3250 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3251 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3253 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3255 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3261 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3262 old_next = o->op_next;
3266 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3267 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3269 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3270 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3271 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3272 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3273 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3274 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3275 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3276 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3283 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3284 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3286 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3287 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3288 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3291 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3294 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3295 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3298 else { assert(SvIMMORTAL(sv)); }
3301 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3302 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3304 o->op_next = old_next;
3308 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3309 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3310 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3311 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3312 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3313 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3316 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3317 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3318 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3320 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3321 delete_eval_scope();
3330 if (type == OP_STRINGIFY) SvPADTMP_off(sv);
3331 else if (!SvIMMORTAL(sv)) SvPADTMP_on(sv);
3332 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3333 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3336 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3337 newop->op_folded = 1;
3339 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3347 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3351 const SSize_t oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3356 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3357 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3359 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3362 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3365 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3366 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3367 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3368 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3370 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3371 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3372 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3373 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3374 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3375 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3376 av = (AV *)SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--);
3377 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, (SV *)av);
3378 if (AvFILLp(av) != -1)
3379 for (svp = AvARRAY(av) + AvFILLp(av); svp >= AvARRAY(av); --svp)
3382 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3391 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3394 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3395 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3396 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3398 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3400 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3401 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3403 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3404 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3405 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3406 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3410 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3411 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3412 o->op_flags |= flags;
3414 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3415 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3418 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3422 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3425 /* List constructors */
3428 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3430 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3431 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3432 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3433 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3434 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3435 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3441 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3449 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3450 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3452 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3455 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3456 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3458 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3459 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3461 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3466 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3468 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3469 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3470 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3471 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3472 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3473 the other is returned unchanged.
3479 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3487 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3488 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3490 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3491 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3493 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3494 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3495 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3498 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3499 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3501 while (mp->mad_next)
3503 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3506 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3509 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3510 last->op_madprop = 0;
3513 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3519 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3521 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3522 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3523 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3524 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3525 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3526 the other is returned unchanged.
3532 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3540 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3541 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3542 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3543 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3544 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3545 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3548 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3549 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3550 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3552 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3553 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3555 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3559 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3567 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3570 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3571 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3572 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3574 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3579 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3581 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3583 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3585 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3590 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3595 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3597 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3598 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3599 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3606 /* faked up qw list? */
3608 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3609 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3616 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3617 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3618 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3619 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3621 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3635 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3636 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3646 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3655 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3656 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3657 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3658 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3660 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3667 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3670 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3676 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3685 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3686 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3687 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3688 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3690 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3697 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3700 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3704 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3705 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3711 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3729 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3733 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3737 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3758 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3760 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3762 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3766 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3768 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3771 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3772 mp->mad_type = type;
3774 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3779 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3781 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3785 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3786 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3787 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3788 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3792 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3795 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3796 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3799 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3802 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3805 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3811 =head1 Optree construction
3813 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3815 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3816 empty list expression.
3822 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3824 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3828 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3830 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3831 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3837 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3839 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3840 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3841 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3842 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3843 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3849 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3854 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3856 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3858 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3859 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3862 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3866 else if (!first && last)
3869 first->op_sibling = last;
3870 listop->op_first = first;
3871 listop->op_last = last;
3872 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3873 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3874 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3875 listop->op_first = pushop;
3876 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3878 listop->op_last = pushop;
3881 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3885 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3887 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3888 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3889 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3896 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3901 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3902 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3903 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3906 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3907 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3908 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3909 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3911 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3912 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3913 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3914 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3917 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3918 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3920 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3921 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3922 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3926 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3928 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3929 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3930 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3931 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3932 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3933 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3934 of the constructed op tree.
3940 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3945 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3946 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3947 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3950 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3951 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3952 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3953 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3954 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3955 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3956 || type == OP_NULL );
3959 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3960 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3961 first = force_list(first);
3963 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3964 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3965 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3966 unop->op_first = first;
3967 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3968 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3969 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3973 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3977 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3979 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3980 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3981 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3982 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3983 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3984 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3985 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3991 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3996 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3997 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3999 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4002 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4004 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4005 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4006 binop->op_first = first;
4007 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4010 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4013 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4014 first->op_sibling = last;
4017 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4018 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4021 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4023 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4026 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4027 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4028 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4029 __attribute__pure__;
4030 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4032 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4034 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4036 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4038 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4044 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4047 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4050 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4051 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4053 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4056 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4057 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4063 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4064 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4065 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4068 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4070 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4073 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4076 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4078 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4079 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4081 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4082 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4096 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4097 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4100 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4104 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4107 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4109 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4113 /* There is a snag with this code on EBCDIC: scan_const() in toke.c has
4114 * encoded chars in native encoding which makes ranges in the EBCDIC 0..255
4118 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4121 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4123 transv = newSVpvs("");
4125 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4127 if (t < tend && *t == ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE) {
4129 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4133 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4137 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4138 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4140 diff = val - nextmin;
4142 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4143 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4145 U8 range_mark = ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE;
4146 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4147 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4148 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4155 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4156 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4158 U8 range_mark = ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE;
4159 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4161 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4162 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4163 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4164 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4168 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4169 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4172 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4173 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4175 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4179 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4180 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4181 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4182 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4184 if (t < tend && *t == ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4186 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4193 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4194 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4196 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4198 if (r < rend && *r == ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4200 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4209 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4213 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4214 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4215 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4222 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4223 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4225 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4226 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4228 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4232 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4233 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4236 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4237 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4239 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4240 max = rfirst + diff;
4242 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4243 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4255 else if (max > 0xff)
4260 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4262 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVf_READONLY);
4263 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4264 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4266 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4268 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4270 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4271 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4273 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4274 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4275 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4278 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4284 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4285 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4293 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4294 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4295 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4297 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4299 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4301 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4303 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4312 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4322 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4324 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4329 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4330 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4331 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4333 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4334 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4335 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4339 if (!rlen && !del) {
4342 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4344 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4345 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4347 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4349 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4350 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4352 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4358 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4359 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4366 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4367 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4368 } else if(rlen > tlen && !complement) {
4369 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4373 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4375 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4376 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4386 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4388 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4389 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4390 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4396 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4401 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4403 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4404 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4405 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4406 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4407 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4409 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4410 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4411 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4412 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4414 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4415 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4416 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4418 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4420 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4421 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4422 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4424 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4425 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4426 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4428 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4429 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4435 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4436 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4437 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4438 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4439 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4440 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4442 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4444 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4446 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4447 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4448 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4450 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4451 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4452 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4453 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4457 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4460 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4461 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4462 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4465 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4466 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4467 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4468 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4469 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4471 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4472 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4473 * the new sub was created
4477 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4482 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4484 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4485 bool is_compiletime;
4488 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4490 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4492 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4494 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4495 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4496 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4497 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4498 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4499 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4502 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4505 OP* const oe = expr;
4506 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4507 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4508 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4509 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4510 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4511 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4514 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4517 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4518 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4519 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4520 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4521 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4525 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4527 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4528 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4530 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4531 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4533 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4537 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4542 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub;
4543 * also, mark any arrays as LIST/REF */
4545 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4547 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4549 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4550 assert( !(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4551 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4552 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4553 o->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4557 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4559 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4562 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4563 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4565 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4566 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_sibling);
4567 o->op_next = leaveop->op_first->op_sibling;
4569 assert(leaveop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4570 assert(leaveop->op_last->op_next == (OP*)leaveop);
4571 leaveop->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4572 op_null((OP*)leaveop);
4576 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4577 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4578 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4579 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4582 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4583 * the op_next chain */
4586 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4590 else if (expr->op_type == OP_PADAV || expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4591 assert( !(expr->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4592 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4593 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4594 expr->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4597 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4599 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4601 if (is_compiletime) {
4602 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4603 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4605 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4606 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4608 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4609 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4611 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4612 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4613 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4614 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4615 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4616 * regex was parsed */
4617 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4618 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4619 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4621 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4626 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4627 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4628 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4629 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4632 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4638 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4639 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4642 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4645 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4647 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4648 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4649 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4650 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4651 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4652 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4654 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4655 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4656 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4657 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4659 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4660 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4661 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4662 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4665 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4670 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4672 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4674 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4679 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4680 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4681 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4684 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4685 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_SPLIT;
4687 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4688 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4689 * preceding stacking ops;
4690 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4692 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4693 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4695 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4696 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4697 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4698 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4699 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4700 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4701 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4705 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4707 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4709 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4710 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4714 * ------ -------------------
4715 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4716 * pushmark (for entersub)
4717 * pushmark (for refgen)
4721 * regcreset regcreset
4723 * const("a") const("a")
4725 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4730 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4731 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4732 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4733 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4734 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4735 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4737 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4740 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4741 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4742 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4743 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4744 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4745 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4746 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4747 rcop->op_private = 0;
4749 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4751 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4752 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4754 /* establish postfix order */
4755 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4757 rcop->op_next = expr;
4758 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4761 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4762 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4765 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4771 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4772 the implicit do{}. */
4773 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4774 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4775 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4776 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4777 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4778 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4779 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4781 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)
4783 else if (( (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4784 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4785 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4786 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
4787 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first
4788 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV )
4789 || curop->op_type == OP_PADSV
4790 || curop->op_type == OP_PADAV
4791 || curop->op_type == OP_PADHV
4792 || curop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4800 || !RX_PRELEN(PM_GETRE(pm))
4801 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4803 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4804 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4807 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4808 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4809 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4810 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4811 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4812 rcop->op_private = 1;
4815 /* establish postfix order */
4816 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4817 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4819 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4820 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4821 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4830 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4832 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an<