3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strEQs(GvNAME(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
376 const bool really_sub =
377 has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV;
378 COP * const old = PL_curcop;
380 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
381 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
384 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
385 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
389 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
390 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
391 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
401 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
402 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
404 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
412 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
417 if (really_sub && !CvISXSUB(has_constant) && CvSTART(has_constant)
418 && ( CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
419 || CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
420 PL_curcop = (COP *)CvSTART(has_constant);
421 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
425 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
426 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
427 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
428 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
430 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
431 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
433 if (CvNAMED(cv) && CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
434 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
435 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
436 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
437 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
438 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
446 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
447 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
448 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
450 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
451 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
452 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
453 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
454 from a reference to CV. */
455 if (exported_constant)
456 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
457 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
462 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
463 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
464 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
470 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
472 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
484 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
492 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
493 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
500 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
503 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
504 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
506 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
507 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
508 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
510 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
511 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
512 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
513 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
518 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
519 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
520 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
521 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
522 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
523 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
524 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
525 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
526 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
527 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
528 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
529 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
530 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
531 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
532 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
533 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
534 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
535 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
536 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
537 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
538 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
539 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
542 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
543 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
548 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
553 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
558 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
559 oldparser = PL_parser;
560 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
561 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
562 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
564 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
568 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
570 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
574 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
577 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
579 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
580 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
581 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
582 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
583 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
584 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
585 it this order as we need an op number before calling
587 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
589 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
595 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
596 compiling after a syntax error */
597 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
598 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
603 : newSVpvn(name,len),
608 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
609 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
610 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
611 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
614 PL_parser = oldparser;
615 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
616 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
619 SV *opnumsv = newSViv(
620 (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL && len == 9 && memEQ(name, "evalbytes", 9)) ?
621 (OP_ENTEREVAL | (1<<16))
622 : opnum ? opnum : (((I32)name[2]) << 16));
623 cv_set_call_checker_flags(cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv, 0);
624 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(opnumsv);
631 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
633 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
635 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
637 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
638 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
644 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
648 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
649 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
650 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level,
651 flags | SvUTF8(namesv));
652 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
653 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
654 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
658 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
660 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
661 instead of a string/length pair.
667 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
669 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
670 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
674 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
676 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
677 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
678 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
680 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
681 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
682 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
683 up caching info for this glob.
685 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
687 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
691 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
692 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
693 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
694 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
699 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
701 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
702 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
709 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
710 GV* candidate = NULL;
714 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
717 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
719 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
721 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
722 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
728 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
730 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
733 assert(name || meth);
735 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
736 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
737 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
739 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
741 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
742 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
743 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
744 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
746 else cachestash = stash;
748 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
750 cachestash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
752 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
759 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
762 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
763 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
765 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
766 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
767 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
771 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
772 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
773 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
778 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
779 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
782 else if (stash == cachestash
783 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
784 && strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
785 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
789 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
790 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
791 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
793 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
795 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
798 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
799 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
801 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
807 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
809 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
810 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
811 if (strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
813 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
819 else candidate = *gvp;
822 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
823 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
824 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
826 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
827 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
828 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
830 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
831 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
832 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
833 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
834 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
835 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
841 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
842 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
843 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
846 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
847 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
848 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
849 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
850 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
851 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
852 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
858 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
859 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
860 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
867 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
869 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
870 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
874 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
876 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
879 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
881 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
882 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
888 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
892 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
893 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
896 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
900 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
902 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
903 instead of a string/length pair.
909 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
911 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
912 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
916 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
918 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
919 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
921 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
922 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
923 of the result may be zero.
925 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
931 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
933 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
935 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
942 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
943 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
945 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
948 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
950 /* Have an autoload */
951 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
952 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
953 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
954 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
963 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
965 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
966 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
967 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
970 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
971 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
972 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
973 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
974 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
976 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
977 as a prefix of the method name. Note
978 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
979 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
980 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
981 created as a side effect to do this.
983 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
984 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
985 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
991 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
993 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
995 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
999 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
1003 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
1004 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1007 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1011 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1013 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1014 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1018 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1020 const char * const origname = name;
1021 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1022 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1025 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1026 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1027 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1028 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1030 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1032 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1035 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1036 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1037 the error reporting code. */
1041 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1042 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1045 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1046 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1047 * if none was found.
1049 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1052 const char *name_cursor = name;
1053 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1054 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1055 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1056 last_separator = name_cursor;
1057 name = name_cursor + 1;
1059 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1060 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1061 name = name_cursor + 1;
1066 /* did we find a separator? */
1067 if (last_separator) {
1068 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1069 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1070 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1071 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1073 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1074 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1076 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1077 strEQs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1078 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1079 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1080 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1083 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1084 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1089 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1091 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1092 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1093 import/unimport subroutine */
1094 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1095 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1097 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1098 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1100 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1101 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1104 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1105 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1106 * require it first instead of croaking */
1107 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1108 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1109 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1110 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1111 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1113 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1114 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1119 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1120 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1121 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1122 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1127 if (last_separator) {
1128 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1129 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1131 packnamesv = error_report;
1135 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1136 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1137 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1138 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1139 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1143 else if (autoload) {
1144 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1145 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1149 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1153 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1156 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1157 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1158 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1159 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1169 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1174 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1177 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1181 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1183 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1184 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1188 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1195 SV *packname = NULL;
1196 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1198 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1200 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1203 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1204 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1205 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1206 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1207 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1211 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1212 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1214 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1215 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1219 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1223 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods no longer works
1226 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1227 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1229 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1230 "::%" UTF8f "() is no longer allowed",
1232 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1235 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1236 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1237 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1239 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1240 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1241 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1242 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1243 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1246 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1247 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1248 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1249 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1250 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1251 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1252 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1254 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1255 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1257 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1258 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1259 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1261 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1264 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1265 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1266 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1268 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1270 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1271 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1273 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1274 SvLEN_set(cv, SvCUR(cv) + 1);
1278 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1282 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1288 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1289 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1290 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1291 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1293 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1294 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1298 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1299 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1300 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1304 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1305 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1306 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1307 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1308 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1309 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1310 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1313 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1321 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1322 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1323 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1324 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1326 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1327 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1328 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1329 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1330 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1331 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1334 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1335 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1337 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1339 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1341 /* If it is not tied */
1342 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1344 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1350 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1353 #define GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC \
1354 ( (gvp = (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)) \
1356 && ( (isGV(*gvp) && GvCV(*gvp)) \
1357 || (SvROK(*gvp) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*gvp)) == SVt_PVCV) ) \
1360 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1361 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1362 || ! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1364 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1365 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1368 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1369 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1370 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1372 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1373 type, varname, name);
1374 else if (! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1375 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1376 type, varname, name);
1378 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1379 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp);
1383 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1389 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1390 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1391 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1393 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1394 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1397 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1399 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1400 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1406 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1408 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1409 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1413 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1415 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1416 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1417 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1418 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1419 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1422 Flags may be one of:
1431 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1433 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1434 recommended for performance reasons.
1440 gv_stashpvn_internal
1442 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1443 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1447 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1448 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1454 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1456 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1458 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1461 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1462 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1463 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1464 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1465 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1466 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1468 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1470 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1471 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1473 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1474 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1476 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1477 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1478 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1479 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1480 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1486 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1488 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1489 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1491 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1493 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1495 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1499 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1500 assert(namesv || name)
1502 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1503 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1508 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1510 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1511 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1512 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1519 hv = INT2PTR(HV*, SvIVX(sv));
1520 assert(SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV);
1523 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1526 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1528 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1530 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1532 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1535 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1537 if (stash && namelen) {
1538 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1539 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1540 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1547 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1549 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1550 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1554 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1556 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1559 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1566 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1568 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1569 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1574 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1575 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1576 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1580 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1582 const char * const nambeg =
1583 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1584 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1585 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1588 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1589 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1593 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1597 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1601 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1602 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1604 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1605 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1607 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1608 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1609 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1610 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1612 char *tmpfullbuf = NULL; /* only malloc one big chunk of memory when the smallbuff is not large enough */
1613 const char *name_cursor;
1614 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1615 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1616 char smallbuf[64]; /* small buffer to avoid a malloc when possible */
1618 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1622 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1624 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1628 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1629 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1630 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1631 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1634 *stash = PL_defstash;
1635 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1638 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1639 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1642 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1646 else { /* using ' for package separator */
1647 /* use our pre-allocated buffer when possible to save a malloc */
1649 if ( *len+2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
1652 /* only malloc once if needed */
1653 if (tmpfullbuf == NULL) /* only malloc&free once, a little more than needed */
1654 Newx(tmpfullbuf, full_len+2, char);
1655 tmpbuf = tmpfullbuf;
1657 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1658 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1659 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1662 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1663 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1664 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1665 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1668 /* here we know that *gv && *gv != &PL_sv_undef */
1669 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1670 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1674 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1675 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1676 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1677 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1678 && strEQs(*name, "CORE"))
1679 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1682 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1684 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1685 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1686 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1687 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1690 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1691 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1694 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1696 *name = name_cursor+1;
1697 if (*name == name_end) {
1699 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1700 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
1701 gv_init_pvn(*gv, PL_defstash, "main::", 6,
1704 MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(PL_defstash));
1707 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1712 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1716 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1717 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1718 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1720 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1722 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1723 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1724 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1725 * like INC or STDOUT.
1733 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1734 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1735 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1739 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1744 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1745 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1749 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1750 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1751 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1755 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1756 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1762 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1770 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1771 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1772 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1774 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1775 * which might happen during global destruction.
1777 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1778 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1779 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1780 const svtype sv_type)
1782 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1784 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1786 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1787 *stash = PL_defstash;
1790 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1791 *stash = PL_curstash;
1792 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1793 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1794 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1795 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1796 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1797 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1798 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1800 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1801 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1802 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1806 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1807 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1808 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1810 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1812 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1813 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1814 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1815 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1816 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1819 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1820 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1821 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1828 /* Use the current op's stash */
1829 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1834 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1836 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1837 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1838 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1839 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1840 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1841 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1842 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1843 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1844 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1845 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1846 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1847 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1848 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1849 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1850 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1851 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1853 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1855 /* symbol table under destruction */
1864 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1870 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1871 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1873 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1874 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1876 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1878 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1879 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1880 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1883 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1884 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1886 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1887 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1888 const svtype sv_type)
1892 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1894 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1895 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1896 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1897 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1902 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1903 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1904 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1905 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1906 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1911 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1912 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1915 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1919 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1920 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1925 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1934 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1935 /* Avoid null warning: */
1936 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1937 if (strEQs(stashname, "CORE"))
1938 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1945 /* Nothing else to do.
1946 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1947 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1948 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1949 platforms, we can't just do:
1950 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1951 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1952 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1953 would make them larger than 'V')
1960 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1961 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1963 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1969 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1970 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1971 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1972 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1973 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1978 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1979 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1983 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1986 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1987 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1988 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1989 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1991 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1992 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1993 use didn't clean up fully because
1994 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1995 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1996 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1997 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1998 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1999 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
2000 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
2001 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
2005 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
2006 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
2007 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
2009 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
2014 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
2017 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
2018 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
2020 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
2021 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
2022 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2023 const Size_t n = *name;
2025 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2028 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2029 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2031 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
2032 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
2033 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2034 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2037 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
2038 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2041 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2042 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2045 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2046 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2049 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2050 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2051 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2055 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2056 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2059 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2060 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2061 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2064 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2065 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2069 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2070 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2073 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2074 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2076 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2078 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2081 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2082 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2085 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2099 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2102 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2104 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2105 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2111 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2112 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2115 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2118 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2121 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2123 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2125 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2126 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2127 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2128 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2130 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2134 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2135 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2148 paren = *name - '0';
2151 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2152 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2153 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2157 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2161 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2162 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2168 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2170 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2172 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2173 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2174 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2177 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2178 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2179 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2181 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2183 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2186 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2187 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2190 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2191 const Size_t n = *name;
2193 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2199 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2200 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2201 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2202 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2203 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2205 case '\010': /* $^H */
2207 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2208 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2212 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2213 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2214 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2216 else goto magicalize;
2218 case '\023': /* $^S */
2220 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2236 case '\001': /* $^A */
2237 case '\003': /* $^C */
2238 case '\004': /* $^D */
2239 case '\005': /* $^E */
2240 case '\006': /* $^F */
2241 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2242 case '\016': /* $^N */
2243 case '\017': /* $^O */
2244 case '\020': /* $^P */
2245 case '\024': /* $^T */
2246 case '\027': /* $^W */
2248 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2251 case '\014': /* $^L */
2252 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2255 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2259 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2260 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2261 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2262 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2263 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2267 case '\026': /* $^V */
2269 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2270 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2271 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2277 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2283 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2284 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2286 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2291 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2292 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2293 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2295 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2296 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2297 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2298 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2301 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2302 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2304 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2306 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2308 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2309 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2310 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2311 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2312 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2313 /* diag_listed_as: $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2314 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2316 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2317 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2320 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2323 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2325 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2327 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2331 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2335 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2344 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2345 const svtype sv_type)
2347 const char *name = nambeg;
2352 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2353 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2354 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2355 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2356 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2357 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2362 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2363 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2364 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2365 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2367 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2370 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2371 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2377 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2381 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2382 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2383 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2384 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2387 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2388 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2391 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2392 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2393 * anything else with it before that.
2396 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2397 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2398 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2399 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2400 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2401 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2402 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2405 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2406 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2407 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2408 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2409 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2410 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2411 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2413 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2414 && strEQs(name, "ISA")
2415 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2416 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2419 } else if (no_init) {
2423 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2424 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2425 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2426 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2429 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2434 /* Adding a new symbol.
2435 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2436 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2438 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2439 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2441 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2443 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2444 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2445 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2446 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2447 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2450 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2451 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2456 /* set up magic where warranted */
2457 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2460 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2461 * stored in the symtab.
2462 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2463 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2465 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2469 /* The temporary GV created above */
2470 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2474 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2479 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2482 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2484 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2486 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2488 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2489 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2490 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2491 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2495 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2496 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2500 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2502 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2504 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2506 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2510 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2511 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2515 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2519 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2524 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2526 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2528 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2529 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2530 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2533 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2534 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2536 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2537 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2539 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2541 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2543 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2545 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2546 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2547 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2548 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2552 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2553 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2556 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2558 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2560 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2561 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2563 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2564 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2565 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2566 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2567 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2570 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2575 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2577 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2578 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2580 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2581 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2586 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2589 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2596 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2597 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2598 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2599 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2608 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2613 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2615 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2616 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2617 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2618 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2621 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2623 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2631 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2633 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2634 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2635 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2636 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2637 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2638 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2639 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2641 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2650 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2654 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2655 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2656 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2657 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2658 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2659 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2660 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2661 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2662 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2666 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2667 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2668 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2669 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2670 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2671 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2672 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2673 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2674 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2675 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2680 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2683 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2689 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2691 if (--attempts == 0) {
2693 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2694 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2699 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2700 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2706 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2708 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2709 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2711 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2713 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2715 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2716 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2718 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2719 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2726 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2728 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2729 * 0 if there is no overload
2730 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2734 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2736 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2738 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2741 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2743 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2745 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2746 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2747 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2749 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2752 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2755 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2756 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2762 bool deref_seen = 0;
2765 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2767 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2768 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2769 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2774 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2777 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2779 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2782 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2783 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2784 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2785 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2786 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2787 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2794 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2795 /* initially assume the worst */
2796 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2798 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2799 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2800 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2801 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2802 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2804 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2805 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2806 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2807 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2808 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2809 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2810 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2811 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2812 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2813 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2815 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2816 const HEK * const gvhek = CvGvNAME_HEK(cv);
2817 const HEK * const stashek =
2818 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2819 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2820 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2821 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2822 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2823 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2824 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2826 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2828 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2829 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2830 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2831 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2832 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2834 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2839 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2841 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2842 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2843 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2844 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2845 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2846 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2854 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2856 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2857 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2858 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2860 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2861 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2864 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2880 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2881 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2882 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2883 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2886 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2887 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2888 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2892 /* Here we have no table: */
2894 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2895 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2896 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2902 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2907 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2909 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2912 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2913 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2915 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2918 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2920 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2923 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2924 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2926 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2927 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2928 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2929 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2930 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2931 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2932 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2933 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2945 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2946 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2948 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2950 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2954 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2957 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2961 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2962 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2963 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2965 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2970 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2971 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2981 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2987 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2988 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2991 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2993 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2994 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2998 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
3000 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
3001 SV* const right = TOPs;
3007 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
3008 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
3009 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
3010 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
3012 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
3019 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
3020 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
3030 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
3031 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
3033 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
3036 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
3037 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3039 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3042 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3044 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3046 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3052 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3056 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3060 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3061 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3062 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3063 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3066 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3067 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3069 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3070 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3071 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3078 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3082 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3084 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3086 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3088 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3089 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3091 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3092 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3093 * masked by overloading.pm */
3095 const int offset = method / 8;
3096 const int bit = method % 8;
3097 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3099 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3100 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3107 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3112 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3113 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3114 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3115 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3116 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3117 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3118 int use_default_op = 0;
3119 int force_scalar = 0;
3125 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3127 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3128 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3131 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3132 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3133 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3134 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3135 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3137 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3138 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3144 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3145 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3147 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3150 /* look for substituted methods */
3151 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3155 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3156 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3157 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3162 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3163 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3164 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3168 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3171 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3174 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3177 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3178 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3179 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3186 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3189 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3190 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3192 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3193 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3195 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3196 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3197 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3198 delegate to the stash. */
3199 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3205 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3206 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3207 SV* const nullsv=&PL_sv_zero;
3209 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3210 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3211 logic = SvTRUE_NN(lessp);
3213 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3214 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3215 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3218 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3229 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3236 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3237 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3240 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3248 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3253 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3254 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3255 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3256 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3257 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3258 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3260 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3263 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3264 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3265 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3266 /* We look for substitution for
3267 * comparison operations and
3269 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3270 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3271 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3293 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3297 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3307 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3315 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3317 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3318 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3319 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3320 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3321 } else if ((use_default_op =
3322 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3323 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3325 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3329 if (off==-1) off=method;
3330 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3331 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3332 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3333 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3335 "in overloaded package ":
3336 "has no overloaded magic",
3338 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3341 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3344 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3346 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3347 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3348 if (use_default_op) {
3349 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3351 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3355 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3360 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3361 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3362 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3363 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3369 if (off == subtr_amg)
3372 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3373 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3374 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3375 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3395 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3399 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3400 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3401 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3409 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3410 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3411 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3421 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3422 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3424 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3426 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3427 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3428 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3429 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3430 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3431 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3432 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3433 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3436 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3437 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3438 * version of copy operator
3440 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3441 * a) Assignment form was called.
3442 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3443 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3444 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3445 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3446 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3448 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3449 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3451 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3452 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3455 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3456 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3458 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3459 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3462 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3463 * information by hand */
3464 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3466 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3467 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3469 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3477 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3479 /* for multiconcat, we may call overload several times,
3480 * with the context of individual concats being scalar,
3481 * regardless of the overall context of the multiconcat op
3483 U8 gimme = (force_scalar || PL_op->op_type == OP_MULTICONCAT)
3484 ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3487 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3488 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3489 myop.op_next = NULL;
3490 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3494 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3497 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3498 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3503 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3507 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3510 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3511 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3512 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3513 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3515 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3516 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3517 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3518 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3520 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3521 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3523 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3524 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3525 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3527 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3531 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3535 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3539 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3540 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3543 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3546 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3547 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3548 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3550 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3561 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3568 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3571 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3574 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3577 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3580 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3583 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3586 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3588 ans=!SvTRUE_NN(res); break;
3593 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3595 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3597 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3605 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3610 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3613 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3615 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3616 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3619 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3620 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3624 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3626 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3627 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3628 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3629 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3630 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3631 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3632 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3634 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3636 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3637 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3638 more compactly represents the same thing.
3644 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3650 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3652 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3654 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3656 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3657 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3658 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3659 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3660 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3661 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3663 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3665 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3667 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3668 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3670 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3671 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3677 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3678 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3679 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3680 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3681 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3682 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3683 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3684 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3685 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3687 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3688 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3692 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3694 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3695 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3696 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3697 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3702 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3704 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3706 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3707 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3708 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3709 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3710 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3711 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3712 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3715 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3721 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3724 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3729 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: