4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
106 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
107 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
108 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
110 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
112 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
113 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
114 # include <sys/mman.h>
117 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
118 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
122 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
126 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
127 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
128 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
129 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
131 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
132 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
133 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
134 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
136 PL_OpPtr = (I32**) mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
139 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
140 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
142 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
143 perror("mmap failed");
148 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
153 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
154 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
155 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
156 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
158 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
159 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
160 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
161 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
163 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
165 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
166 /* We remember this slab. */
167 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
168 PL_slabs = (I32**) realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
169 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
170 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
173 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
174 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
176 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
177 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
178 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
179 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
180 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
181 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
184 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
186 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
187 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
188 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
189 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
191 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
192 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
193 and a warn handler has an eval */
198 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
202 void *const start = slabs[count];
203 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
204 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
205 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
206 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
214 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
216 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
217 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
219 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
221 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
222 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
224 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
225 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
226 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
231 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
242 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
244 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
249 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
253 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
255 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
256 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
257 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
258 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
259 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
262 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
264 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
267 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
268 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
269 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
272 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
274 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
275 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
276 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
278 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
279 PL_slab_count, count));
280 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
281 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
283 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
284 perror("munmap failed");
292 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
294 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
301 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
302 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
304 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
305 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
306 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
307 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
309 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
311 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
313 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
315 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
316 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
320 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
322 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
324 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
326 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
327 return SvPV_nolen_const(tmpsv);
331 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
333 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
335 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
341 S_too_few_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
343 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS;
345 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name));
350 S_too_many_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
352 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS;
354 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name));
359 S_bad_type(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, const OP *kid)
361 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE;
363 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
364 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)));
368 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
370 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
373 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
374 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
375 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
377 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
380 /* "register" allocation */
383 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
387 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
389 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
391 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
392 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
395 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
397 assert(strlen(name) == len);
399 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
403 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && UTF8_IS_START(name[1])) ||
404 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
406 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
407 if (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1])) {
408 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
409 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
410 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
412 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
413 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
417 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
419 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
420 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
421 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
422 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
423 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
425 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
426 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
430 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
431 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
433 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
434 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
439 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
440 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
443 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
445 if (o->op_latefree) {
453 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
455 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
461 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
468 if (o->op_latefreed) {
475 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
486 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
489 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
490 we maintain for reset(). */
491 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
501 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
502 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
506 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
507 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
508 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
509 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
514 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
518 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
519 * numbers etc even after null() */
520 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE
521 || (type == OP_NULL /* the COP might have been null'ed */
522 && ((OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
523 || (OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE))) {
528 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
531 if (o->op_latefree) {
537 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
544 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
549 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
552 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
557 switch (o->op_type) {
558 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
559 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
560 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
565 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
569 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
570 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
577 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
582 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
583 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
584 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
585 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
586 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
587 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
588 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
589 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
590 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
591 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
592 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
593 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
594 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
595 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
596 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
599 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
601 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
602 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
603 * may still exist on the pad */
604 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
605 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
608 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
609 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
612 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
615 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
619 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
622 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
623 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
626 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
627 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
628 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
629 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
632 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
641 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
646 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
648 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
649 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
650 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
653 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
654 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
658 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
659 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
663 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
667 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
668 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
669 * exist on the pad */
670 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
673 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
679 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
680 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
681 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
682 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
683 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
684 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
685 * happen before sv_clean_all
688 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
689 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
690 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
691 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
692 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
696 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
697 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
703 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
704 pad_free(o->op_targ);
710 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
716 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
717 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
718 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
722 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
728 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
730 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
732 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash)) {
733 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
735 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
736 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
741 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
742 array[i] = array[--count];
743 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
744 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
745 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
748 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
765 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
767 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
769 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
770 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
772 switch (kid->op_type) {
777 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
779 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
780 kid = kid->op_sibling;
786 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
790 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
792 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
796 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
797 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
798 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
802 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
810 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
817 /* Contextualizers */
820 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
822 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
823 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
824 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
831 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
833 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
835 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
836 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
837 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
839 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context");
845 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
847 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
848 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
849 not be called directly.
855 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
864 /* establish postfix order */
865 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
868 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
871 if (kid->op_sibling) {
872 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
873 kid = kid->op_sibling;
887 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
889 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
891 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
898 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
902 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
904 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
905 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
906 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
907 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
909 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
910 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
911 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
912 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
919 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
924 /* assumes no premature commitment */
925 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
926 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
927 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
932 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
934 switch (o->op_type) {
936 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
941 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
951 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
952 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
958 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
960 kid = kid->op_sibling;
963 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
964 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
970 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
975 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
978 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
985 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
989 const char* useless = NULL;
993 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
995 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
997 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
999 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1002 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1003 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1004 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1010 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1011 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1012 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1013 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1014 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1016 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1017 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1018 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1019 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1020 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1025 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1026 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1028 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1031 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1033 switch (o->op_type) {
1035 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1039 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1043 if (o->op_private == 4)
1068 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1087 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1088 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1093 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1117 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1118 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1119 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1123 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1124 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1126 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1128 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1130 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1134 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1135 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1136 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1139 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1143 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1144 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1148 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1155 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1156 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1157 useless = "a variable";
1162 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1163 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1165 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1167 SV* msv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1168 "a constant (%"SVf")", sv));
1169 useless = SvPV_nolen(msv);
1172 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1173 if (o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE)
1175 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1176 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1177 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1179 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1180 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1181 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1182 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1184 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1185 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1186 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1187 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1188 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1189 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1190 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1191 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1192 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1193 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1194 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1199 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1203 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1204 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1208 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1209 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1213 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1214 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1218 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1219 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1224 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1227 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1230 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1231 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1234 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1236 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1239 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1240 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1241 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1244 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1247 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1249 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1252 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1253 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1254 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1256 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1257 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1258 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1265 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1266 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1267 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1269 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1271 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1273 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1274 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1283 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1288 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1295 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1306 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1316 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %s in void context", useless);
1321 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1323 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1325 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1332 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1337 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1338 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1339 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1340 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1345 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1346 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1348 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1351 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1353 switch (o->op_type) {
1356 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1361 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1369 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1371 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1372 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1373 return gen_constant_list(o);
1380 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1382 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1385 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1386 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1392 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1396 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1403 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1407 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1409 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1410 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1413 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1414 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1418 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1420 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1421 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1422 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1425 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1430 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1432 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1434 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1435 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1441 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1443 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1444 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1445 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1446 the tree thread-safe.
1451 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1453 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1456 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1464 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1466 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1468 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1470 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1471 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1473 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1474 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1475 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1476 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1477 finalize_op(prop_op);
1484 switch (o->op_type) {
1487 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1491 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1492 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1494 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1495 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1496 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1497 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1498 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1499 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1500 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1501 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1502 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1503 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1510 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1511 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1512 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1513 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1514 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1515 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1516 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1517 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1524 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1525 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1529 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1530 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1531 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1532 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1533 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1534 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1535 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1536 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1538 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1539 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1540 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1541 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1542 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1544 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1545 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1546 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1547 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1548 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1549 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1550 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1552 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1553 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1554 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1557 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1558 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1559 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1560 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1561 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1563 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1574 const char *key = NULL;
1577 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1580 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1581 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1582 if ((!SvFAKE(sv = *svp) || !SvREADONLY(sv))
1583 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1584 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1585 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1586 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1592 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1595 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1596 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1598 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1599 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1601 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1602 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1604 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1605 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1606 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1607 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%s\" "
1608 "in variable %s of type %s",
1609 key, SvPV_nolen_const(lexname), HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(lexname)));
1621 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1623 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1624 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1625 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1626 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1628 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1629 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1631 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1632 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1633 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1635 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1636 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1637 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1639 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1645 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1646 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1648 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1649 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1651 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1652 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1653 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1654 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1655 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1656 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1658 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1659 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1660 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1661 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1662 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%s\" "
1663 "in variable %s of type %s",
1664 key, SvPV_nolen(lexname), HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(lexname)));
1670 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1671 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1678 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1680 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1686 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1688 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1689 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1690 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1691 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1694 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1695 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1696 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1698 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1699 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1705 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1709 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1712 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1715 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1716 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1721 switch (o->op_type) {
1727 if (!(o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE))
1730 if (PL_eval_start && PL_eval_start->op_type == OP_CONST) {
1731 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling,
1732 (I32)SvIV(cSVOPx(PL_eval_start)->op_sv));
1736 SAVECOPARYBASE(&PL_compiling);
1737 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling, 0);
1739 else if (type == OP_REFGEN)
1742 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "That use of $[ is unsupported");
1745 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1749 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1750 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1751 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1752 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1753 poses, so we need it clear. */
1754 o->op_private &= ~1;
1755 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1756 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1757 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1760 else if (o->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD)
1762 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1763 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1764 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1765 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1766 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1767 /* Backward compatibility mode: */
1768 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1771 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1772 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1776 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1777 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1779 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1780 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1781 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1782 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1784 while (kid->op_sibling)
1785 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1786 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1788 if (kid->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED
1789 || kid->op_type == OP_METHOD)
1793 NewOp(1101, newop, 1, UNOP);
1794 newop->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1795 newop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1796 newop->op_first = NULL;
1797 newop->op_next = (OP*)newop;
1798 kid->op_sibling = (OP*)newop;
1799 newop->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1800 newop->op_private &= ~1;
1804 if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1806 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1807 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1808 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1809 kid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1810 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1814 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1815 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1816 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1817 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1819 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1820 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1821 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1822 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1823 /* Restore RV2CV to check lvalueness */
1825 if (kid->op_next && kid->op_next != kid) { /* Happens? */
1826 okid->op_next = kid->op_next;
1827 kid->op_next = okid;
1830 okid->op_next = NULL;
1831 okid->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1833 okid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1834 okid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1835 okid->op_private &= ~1;
1839 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1849 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
1850 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1851 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
1852 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1854 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
1855 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
1857 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
1858 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
1860 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
1874 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1883 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
1890 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1891 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1896 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
1897 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1898 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1902 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1904 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1908 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1909 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1915 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1918 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1919 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1920 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1924 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1928 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1937 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1944 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1945 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
1946 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1947 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1949 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1950 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1954 if (!type) /* local() */
1955 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
1956 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
1965 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1969 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
1975 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1976 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1977 pad_free(o->op_targ);
1978 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
1979 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
1980 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1981 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
1986 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1987 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
1988 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
1989 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
1990 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1991 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2001 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2002 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2007 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2009 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2011 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2012 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2018 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2019 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2023 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2025 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2028 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2029 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2031 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2032 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2035 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2036 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2038 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2039 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2040 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2043 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2044 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2045 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2050 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2051 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2054 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2055 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2056 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2061 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2063 assert(o || type != OP_SASSIGN);
2067 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2091 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2112 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2114 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2116 switch (o->op_type) {
2124 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2137 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2139 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2141 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2148 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2155 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2158 switch (o->op_type) {
2160 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2161 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2162 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2163 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2164 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2165 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2166 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2167 o->op_private &= ~1;
2169 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2170 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DEREF;
2171 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2177 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2178 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2181 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2182 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2183 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2186 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2187 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2188 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2190 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2197 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2200 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2201 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2202 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2208 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2213 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2215 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2219 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2220 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2221 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2222 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2224 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2234 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2236 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2246 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2253 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2254 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2255 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2257 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2258 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2260 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2264 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2266 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2267 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2268 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2269 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2270 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2277 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
2282 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2284 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2285 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2286 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2288 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2289 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2292 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2293 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2294 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2295 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2297 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2298 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2301 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2302 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2304 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2305 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2306 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2307 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2309 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2315 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2318 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2321 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2326 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2327 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2328 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2330 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2331 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
2333 /* Need package name for method call. */
2334 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2336 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2337 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2339 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2340 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2341 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2342 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2343 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2344 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2345 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2346 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2348 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2349 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2350 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2351 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2352 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2353 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2354 imop->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD;
2356 /* Combine the ops. */
2357 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2361 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2363 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2364 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2365 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2366 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2367 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2368 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2369 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2370 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2371 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2372 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2378 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2379 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2383 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2386 len = strlen(attrstr);
2390 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2392 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2393 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2394 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2395 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2396 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2400 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2401 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2402 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2403 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2404 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2405 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2406 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2411 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2415 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2417 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2419 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2423 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2424 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2428 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2430 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2431 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2432 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF
2438 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2440 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2441 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2442 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2444 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2446 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2448 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2449 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2450 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2451 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2452 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2453 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2454 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2457 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2460 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2463 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2465 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2467 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2469 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2472 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2475 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2476 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2478 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2479 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2481 stash = PL_curstash;
2482 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2484 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2485 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2487 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2492 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2496 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2498 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2500 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2501 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2503 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2513 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2515 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2516 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2517 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2520 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2521 which will mess up list assignment. */
2522 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2523 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2524 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2526 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2527 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2530 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2533 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2534 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2539 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2541 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2543 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2548 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2552 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2553 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2555 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2557 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2558 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2560 const char * const desc
2562 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2563 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2565 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2566 const char * const sample = ((ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV)
2567 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2568 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2569 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2570 desc, sample, sample);
2573 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2574 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2575 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2577 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2580 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2581 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2583 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2584 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2585 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2587 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2588 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2589 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2590 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2591 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2593 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2595 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2598 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2599 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2600 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2601 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2602 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2603 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2604 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2607 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2608 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2610 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2612 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2616 return bind_match(type, left,
2617 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0));
2621 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2625 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2629 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2631 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2632 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2633 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2634 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2635 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2636 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2643 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2647 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2648 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2649 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2650 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2652 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2654 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2655 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2656 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2657 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2660 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2661 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2663 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2668 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2674 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2677 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2679 pad_block_start(full);
2681 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2682 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2683 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2685 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2691 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2694 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2695 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2697 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2700 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2702 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2705 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2711 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2713 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2715 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2716 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2722 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2724 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2726 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2733 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2734 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2735 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2738 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2739 o->op_targ = offset;
2745 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2749 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
2755 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2756 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2757 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2759 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
2760 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
2762 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
2763 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
2764 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
2767 scalar(PL_eval_root);
2769 /* don't use LINKLIST, since PL_eval_root might indirect through
2770 * a rather expensive function call and LINKLIST evaluates its
2771 * argument more than once */
2772 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
2773 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2774 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2775 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2776 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2777 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
2781 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2782 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2784 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2787 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2788 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2789 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2790 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2791 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2792 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2793 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2794 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
2797 /* Register with debugger */
2799 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
2803 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
2805 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
2812 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2816 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
2818 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2819 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2820 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2827 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
2828 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
2829 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
2831 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
2834 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
2835 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2839 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
2840 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
2843 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
2845 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2851 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
2852 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
2853 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
2855 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2857 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
2867 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
2868 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2869 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2874 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
2876 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
2878 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
2880 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
2881 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
2887 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2890 register OP * VOL curop;
2892 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
2897 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
2898 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
2902 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
2904 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2906 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
2907 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2909 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
2910 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
2911 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
2912 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
2913 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
2915 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
2918 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
2923 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
2924 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
2936 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
2937 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
2942 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2943 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
2945 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
2946 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
2947 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
2949 type != OP_SCALAR &&
2951 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2957 curop = LINKLIST(o);
2958 old_next = o->op_next;
2962 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2963 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
2965 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
2966 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
2967 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
2968 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
2969 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
2970 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
2971 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
2972 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
2979 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
2980 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
2982 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
2983 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
2984 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
2987 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
2990 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
2991 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
2996 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
2997 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
2999 o->op_next = old_next;
3003 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3004 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3005 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3006 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3007 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3008 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3011 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3012 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3013 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3015 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3016 delete_eval_scope();
3025 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3026 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3028 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3029 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3037 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3041 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3044 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3045 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3047 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3050 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3053 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3054 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3055 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3056 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3058 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3059 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3060 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3061 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3062 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3063 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3064 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3066 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3075 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3078 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3079 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3081 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3083 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3084 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3086 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3087 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3088 o->op_flags |= flags;
3090 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3091 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3094 return fold_constants(o);
3098 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3101 /* List constructors */
3104 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3106 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3107 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3108 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3109 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3110 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3111 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3117 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3125 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3126 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3128 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3131 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3132 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3134 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3135 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3137 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3142 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3144 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3145 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3146 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3147 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3148 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3149 the other is returned unchanged.
3155 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3163 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3164 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3166 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3167 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3169 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3170 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3171 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3174 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3175 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3177 while (mp->mad_next)
3179 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3182 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3185 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3186 last->op_madprop = 0;
3189 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3195 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3197 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3198 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3199 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3200 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3201 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3202 the other is returned unchanged.
3208 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3216 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3217 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3218 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3219 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3220 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3221 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3224 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3225 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3226 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3228 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3229 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3231 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3235 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3243 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3246 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3247 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3248 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3250 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3255 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3257 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3259 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3261 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3266 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3271 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3273 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3274 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3275 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3282 /* faked up qw list? */
3284 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3285 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3292 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3293 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3294 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3295 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3297 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3311 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3312 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3322 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3331 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3332 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3333 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3334 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3336 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3343 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3346 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3352 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3361 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3362 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3363 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3364 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3366 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3373 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3376 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3380 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3381 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3387 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3405 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3409 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3413 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3434 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3436 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3438 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3442 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3444 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3447 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3448 mp->mad_type = type;
3450 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3455 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3457 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3461 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3462 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3463 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3464 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3468 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
3471 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3472 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3475 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3478 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3481 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3487 =head1 Optree construction
3489 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3491 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3492 empty list expression.
3498 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3500 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3504 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3506 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3507 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3513 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3515 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3516 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3517 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3518 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3519 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3525 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3530 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3532 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3534 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3535 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3538 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3542 else if (!first && last)
3545 first->op_sibling = last;
3546 listop->op_first = first;
3547 listop->op_last = last;
3548 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3549 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3550 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3551 listop->op_first = pushop;
3552 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3554 listop->op_last = pushop;
3557 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3561 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3563 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3564 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3565 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3572 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3577 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3578 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3579 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3580 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3582 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3583 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3584 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3585 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3587 o->op_latefreed = 0;
3591 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3592 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3594 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3595 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3596 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3600 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3602 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3603 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3604 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3605 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3606 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3607 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3608 of the constructed op tree.
3614 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3619 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3620 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3621 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3622 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3623 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3624 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3625 || type == OP_NULL );
3628 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3629 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3630 first = force_list(first);
3632 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3633 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3634 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3635 unop->op_first = first;
3636 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3637 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3638 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3642 return fold_constants((OP *) unop);
3646 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3648 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3649 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3650 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3651 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3652 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3653 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3654 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3660 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3665 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3666 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3668 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
3671 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
3673 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3674 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3675 binop->op_first = first;
3676 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3679 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3682 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
3683 first->op_sibling = last;
3686 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
3687 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
3690 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
3692 return fold_constants((OP *)binop);
3695 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3696 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
3697 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
3698 __attribute__pure__;
3699 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3701 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
3703 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
3705 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
3707 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
3713 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
3716 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3719 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
3720 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
3722 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3725 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3726 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3730 register short *tbl;
3732 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3733 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3734 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3737 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
3739 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3742 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3745 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3747 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3748 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3750 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3751 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3765 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3766 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3769 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
3773 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
3776 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
3778 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
3782 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
3783 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
3784 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
3785 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
3789 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3792 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
3794 transv = newSVpvs("");
3796 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3798 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
3800 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3804 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
3808 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
3809 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
3811 diff = val - nextmin;
3813 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3814 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3816 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3817 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
3818 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3819 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3826 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3827 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3829 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3830 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3832 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
3833 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3834 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
3835 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
3839 else if (!rlen && !del) {
3840 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
3843 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
3844 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
3846 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3850 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
3851 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
3852 if (tfirst > tlast) {
3853 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3855 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3857 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3864 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
3865 if (rfirst > rlast) {
3867 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3869 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3871 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3880 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
3884 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
3885 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
3886 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
3893 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
3894 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
3896 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
3897 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
3899 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
3903 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
3904 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
3907 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
3908 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
3910 if (rfirst + diff > max)
3911 max = rfirst + diff;
3913 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
3914 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
3926 else if (max > 0xff)
3931 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
3932 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
3934 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
3936 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
3937 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
3938 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
3940 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
3942 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
3944 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
3945 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
3947 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
3948 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
3949 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
3952 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3958 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3959 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3967 tbl = (short*)cPVOPo->op_pv;
3969 Zero(tbl, 256, short);
3970 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
3972 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
3974 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3983 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3993 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3995 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4000 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4001 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4002 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4004 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4005 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4006 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4010 if (!rlen && !del) {
4013 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4015 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4016 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4018 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4020 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4021 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4023 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4029 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4030 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4037 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4038 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4039 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4040 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4044 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4046 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4047 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4057 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4059 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4060 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4061 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4067 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4072 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4074 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4075 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4076 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4077 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4078 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4080 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4081 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4082 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE) {
4083 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4085 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES)) && (PL_hints & HINT_UNI_8_BIT)) {
4086 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4088 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4089 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4090 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4092 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4093 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4094 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4096 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4097 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4103 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4104 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4105 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4106 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4107 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4108 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4110 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4112 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4114 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4115 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4116 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4118 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4119 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4120 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4121 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4125 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4128 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4129 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4130 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4133 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4134 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4135 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4136 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4137 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4141 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg)
4146 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4150 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4153 o->op_type == OP_SUBST
4154 || o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR
4156 /* last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4158 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4159 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4160 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4161 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4162 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4163 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4166 if (isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST &&
4167 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last)
4169 /* convert single element list to element */
4170 OP* const oe = expr;
4171 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling;
4172 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4173 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4177 if (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR) {
4178 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4181 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4185 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4188 if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4189 SV *pat = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4190 U32 pm_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4192 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4193 pm_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4196 assert (SvUTF8(pat));
4197 } else if (SvUTF8(pat)) {
4198 /* Not doing UTF-8, despite what the SV says. Is this only if we're
4199 trapped in use 'bytes'? */
4200 /* Make a copy of the octet sequence, but without the flag on, as
4201 the compiler now honours the SvUTF8 flag on pat. */
4203 const char *const p = SvPV(pat, len);
4204 pat = newSVpvn_flags(p, len, SVs_TEMP);
4207 PM_SETRE(pm, CALLREGCOMP(pat, pm_flags));
4210 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4216 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
4217 expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)
4219 : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4221 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4222 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4223 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4224 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4225 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4226 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4227 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4228 rcop->op_private = 1;
4231 rcop->op_targ = pad_alloc(rcop->op_type, SVs_PADTMP);
4233 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4234 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4236 /* establish postfix order */
4237 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)) {
4239 rcop->op_next = expr;
4240 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4243 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4244 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4247 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4252 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4254 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4255 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4257 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
4261 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4262 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4263 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
4264 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
4265 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4266 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4268 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
4271 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4273 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4274 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4275 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4276 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4277 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
4280 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4281 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4282 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4283 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4287 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
4288 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
4298 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4300 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4301 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4304 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
4305 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
4307 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4308 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4309 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4310 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4311 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4312 rcop->op_private = 1;
4315 /* establish postfix order */
4316 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4317 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4319 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4320 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4321 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4330 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4332 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4333 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4334 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4335 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4341 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4346 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4348 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4349 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4350 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4352 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4353 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4354 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4356 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4357 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4358 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4360 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4361 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4362 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4368 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4370 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4371 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4372 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4373 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4376 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4382 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4387 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4389 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4390 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4391 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4393 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4394 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4395 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4396 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4397 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4398 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4401 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4402 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4403 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4405 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4406 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4407 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4410 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4413 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4415 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4416 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4417 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4418 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4425 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4429 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4433 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4435 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4440 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4442 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4443 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4444 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4445 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4446 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4452 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4457 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4458 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4460 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4461 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4462 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4464 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4465 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4466 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4468 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4469 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4470 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4478 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4481 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4486 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4488 save_hptr(&PL_curstash);
4489 save_item(PL_curstname);
4491 PL_curstash = gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD);
4493 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4495 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4496 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4497 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4502 if (!PL_madskills) {
4507 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4508 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
4514 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
4517 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
4518 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
4519 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
4520 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
4521 PL_hints = savehints;
4530 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
4537 OP *pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4539 SV *use_version = NULL;
4541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
4543 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
4544 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
4547 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
4552 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
4555 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
4556 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
4563 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
4564 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
4566 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4567 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4569 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
4570 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
4571 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4572 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4573 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
4574 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4578 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
4579 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
4581 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
4582 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
4584 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
4585 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
4587 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
4589 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
4595 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
4597 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4598 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4600 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
4602 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
4603 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4604 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4605 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
4606 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4609 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
4611 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
4614 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4615 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4616 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
4617 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
4618 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
4621 /* If we request a version >= 5.9.5, load feature.pm with the
4622 * feature bundle that corresponds to the required version. */
4623 use_version = sv_2mortal(new_version(use_version));
4625 if (vcmp(use_version,
4626 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.009005), FALSE))) >= 0) {
4627 SV *const importsv = vnormal(use_version);
4628 *SvPVX_mutable(importsv) = ':';
4629 ENTER_with_name("load_feature");
4630 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ 0, newSVpvs("feature"), NULL, importsv, NULL);
4631 LEAVE_with_name("load_feature");
4633 /* If a version >= 5.11.0 is requested, strictures are on by default! */
4634 if (vcmp(use_version,
4635 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.011000), FALSE))) >= 0) {
4636 PL_hints |= (HINT_STRICT_REFS | HINT_STRICT_SUBS | HINT_STRICT_VARS);
4640 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
4641 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
4642 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
4643 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
4644 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
4645 * filesystems the script will stop working.
4647 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
4648 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
4649 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
4650 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
4652 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
4653 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
4654 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
4657 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4658 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4659 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4660 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
4661 if (PL_cop_seqmax == PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO) /* not a legal value */
4665 if (!PL_madskills) {
4666 /* FIXME - don't allocate pegop if !PL_madskills */
4675 =head1 Embedding Functions
4677 =for apidoc load_module
4679 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
4680 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
4681 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
4682 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
4683 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
4684 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
4685 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
4686 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>. They must be
4687 terminated with a final NULL pointer. Note that this list can only
4688 be omitted when the PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT flag has been used.
4689 Otherwise at least a single NULL pointer to designate the default
4690 import list is required.
4695 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4699 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE;
4701 va_start(args, ver);
4702 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4706 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4708 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE_NOCONTEXT;
4713 va_start(args, ver);
4714 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4720 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
4724 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
4726 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VLOAD_MODULE;
4728 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
4730 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
4734 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
4735 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
4737 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
4738 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
4743 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4745 imop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
4746 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4750 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
4751 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
4752 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
4753 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
4754 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
4757 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
4758 lex_start(NULL, NULL, LEX_START_SAME_FILTER);
4759 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
4760 veop, modname, imop);
4765 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
4771 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFILE;
4773 if (!force_builtin) {
4774 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
4775 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
4776 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
4777 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
4781 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
4782 doop = ck_subr(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
4783 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
4784 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
4785 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv))))));
4788 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
4794 =head1 Optree construction
4796 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSLICEOP|I32 flags|OP *subscript|OP *listval
4798 Constructs, checks, and returns an C<lslice> (list slice) op. I<flags>
4799 gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS> will
4800 be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
4801 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
4802 set as required. I<listval> and I<subscript> supply the parameters of
4803 the slice; they are consumed by this function and become part of the
4804 constructed op tree.
4810 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
4812 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
4813 list(force_list(subscript)),
4814 list(force_list(listval)) );
4818 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
4826 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
4827 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
4829 flags = o->op_flags;
4831 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
4832 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
4833 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
4838 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
4842 if (type == OP_LIST &&
4843 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
4844 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
4847 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
4848 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
4849 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
4852 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
4855 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
4862 Helper function for newASSIGNOP to detection commonality between the
4863 lhs and the rhs. Marks all variables with PL_generation. If it
4864 returns TRUE the assignment must be able to handle common variables.
4866 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
4867 S_aassign_common_vars(pTHX_ OP* o)
4870 for (curop = cUNOPo->op_first; curop; curop=curop->op_sibling) {
4871 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
4872 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4873 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4875 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4877 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4879 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||