4 perl5db.pl - the perl debugger
8 perl -d your_Perl_script
12 C<perl5db.pl> is the perl debugger. It is loaded automatically by Perl when
13 you invoke a script with C<perl -d>. This documentation tries to outline the
14 structure and services provided by C<perl5db.pl>, and to describe how you
19 The debugger can look pretty forbidding to many Perl programmers. There are
20 a number of reasons for this, many stemming out of the debugger's history.
22 When the debugger was first written, Perl didn't have a lot of its nicer
23 features - no references, no lexical variables, no closures, no object-oriented
24 programming. So a lot of the things one would normally have done using such
25 features was done using global variables, globs and the C<local()> operator
28 Some of these have survived into the current debugger; a few of the more
29 interesting and still-useful idioms are noted in this section, along with notes
30 on the comments themselves.
32 =head2 Why not use more lexicals?
34 Experienced Perl programmers will note that the debugger code tends to use
35 mostly package globals rather than lexically-scoped variables. This is done
36 to allow a significant amount of control of the debugger from outside the
39 Unfortunately, though the variables are accessible, they're not well
40 documented, so it's generally been a decision that hasn't made a lot of
41 difference to most users. Where appropriate, comments have been added to
42 make variables more accessible and usable, with the understanding that these
43 I<are> debugger internals, and are therefore subject to change. Future
44 development should probably attempt to replace the globals with a well-defined
45 API, but for now, the variables are what we've got.
47 =head2 Automated variable stacking via C<local()>
49 As you may recall from reading C<perlfunc>, the C<local()> operator makes a
50 temporary copy of a variable in the current scope. When the scope ends, the
51 old copy is restored. This is often used in the debugger to handle the
52 automatic stacking of variables during recursive calls:
57 # Do some stuff, then ...
61 What happens is that on entry to the subroutine, C<$some_global> is localized,
62 then altered. When the subroutine returns, Perl automatically undoes the
63 localization, restoring the previous value. Voila, automatic stack management.
65 The debugger uses this trick a I<lot>. Of particular note is C<DB::eval>,
66 which lets the debugger get control inside of C<eval>'ed code. The debugger
67 localizes a saved copy of C<$@> inside the subroutine, which allows it to
68 keep C<$@> safe until it C<DB::eval> returns, at which point the previous
69 value of C<$@> is restored. This makes it simple (well, I<simpler>) to keep
70 track of C<$@> inside C<eval>s which C<eval> other C<eval's>.
72 In any case, watch for this pattern. It occurs fairly often.
76 This is used to cleverly reverse the sense of a logical test depending on
77 the value of an auxiliary variable. For instance, the debugger's C<S>
78 (search for subroutines by pattern) allows you to negate the pattern
81 # Find all non-'foo' subs:
84 Boolean algebra states that the truth table for XOR looks like this:
90 (! not present and no match) --> false, don't print
94 (! not present and matches) --> true, print
98 (! present and no match) --> true, print
102 (! present and matches) --> false, don't print
106 As you can see, the first pair applies when C<!> isn't supplied, and
107 the second pair applies when it is. The XOR simply allows us to
108 compact a more complicated if-then-elseif-else into a more elegant
109 (but perhaps overly clever) single test. After all, it needed this
112 =head2 FLAGS, FLAGS, FLAGS
114 There is a certain C programming legacy in the debugger. Some variables,
115 such as C<$single>, C<$trace>, and C<$frame>, have I<magical> values composed
116 of 1, 2, 4, etc. (powers of 2) OR'ed together. This allows several pieces
117 of state to be stored independently in a single scalar.
123 is checking to see if the appropriate bit is on. Since each bit can be
124 "addressed" independently in this way, C<$scalar> is acting sort of like
125 an array of bits. Obviously, since the contents of C<$scalar> are just a
126 bit-pattern, we can save and restore it easily (it will just look like
129 The problem, is of course, that this tends to leave magic numbers scattered
130 all over your program whenever a bit is set, cleared, or checked. So why do
137 First, doing an arithmetical or bitwise operation on a scalar is
138 just about the fastest thing you can do in Perl: C<use constant> actually
139 creates a subroutine call, and array and hash lookups are much slower. Is
140 this over-optimization at the expense of readability? Possibly, but the
141 debugger accesses these variables a I<lot>. Any rewrite of the code will
142 probably have to benchmark alternate implementations and see which is the
143 best balance of readability and speed, and then document how it actually
148 Second, it's very easy to serialize a scalar number. This is done in
149 the restart code; the debugger state variables are saved in C<%ENV> and then
150 restored when the debugger is restarted. Having them be just numbers makes
155 Third, some of these variables are being shared with the Perl core
156 smack in the middle of the interpreter's execution loop. It's much faster for
157 a C program (like the interpreter) to check a bit in a scalar than to access
158 several different variables (or a Perl array).
162 =head2 What are those C<XXX> comments for?
164 Any comment containing C<XXX> means that the comment is either somewhat
165 speculative - it's not exactly clear what a given variable or chunk of
166 code is doing, or that it is incomplete - the basics may be clear, but the
167 subtleties are not completely documented.
169 Send in a patch if you can clear up, fill out, or clarify an C<XXX>.
171 =head1 DATA STRUCTURES MAINTAINED BY CORE
173 There are a number of special data structures provided to the debugger by
174 the Perl interpreter.
176 The array C<@{$main::{'_<'.$filename}}> (aliased locally to C<@dbline> via glob
177 assignment) contains the text from C<$filename>, with each element
178 corresponding to a single line of C<$filename>.
180 The hash C<%{'_<'.$filename}> (aliased locally to C<%dbline> via glob
181 assignment) contains breakpoints and actions. The keys are line numbers;
182 you can set individual values, but not the whole hash. The Perl interpreter
183 uses this hash to determine where breakpoints have been set. Any true value is
184 considered to be a breakpoint; C<perl5db.pl> uses C<$break_condition\0$action>.
185 Values are magical in numeric context: 1 if the line is breakable, 0 if not.
187 The scalar C<${"_<$filename"}> simply contains the string C<_<$filename>.
188 This is also the case for evaluated strings that contain subroutines, or
189 which are currently being executed. The $filename for C<eval>ed strings looks
190 like C<(eval 34)> or C<(re_eval 19)>.
192 =head1 DEBUGGER STARTUP
194 When C<perl5db.pl> starts, it reads an rcfile (C<perl5db.ini> for
195 non-interactive sessions, C<.perldb> for interactive ones) that can set a number
196 of options. In addition, this file may define a subroutine C<&afterinit>
197 that will be executed (in the debugger's context) after the debugger has
200 Next, it checks the C<PERLDB_OPTS> environment variable and treats its
201 contents as the argument of a C<o> command in the debugger.
203 =head2 STARTUP-ONLY OPTIONS
205 The following options can only be specified at startup.
206 To set them in your rcfile, add a call to
207 C<&parse_options("optionName=new_value")>.
213 the TTY to use for debugging i/o.
217 if set, goes in NonStop mode. On interrupt, if TTY is not set,
218 uses the value of noTTY or F<$HOME/.perldbtty$$> to find TTY using
219 Term::Rendezvous. Current variant is to have the name of TTY in this
224 If false, a dummy ReadLine is used, so you can debug
225 ReadLine applications.
229 if true, no i/o is performed until interrupt.
233 file or pipe to print line number info to. If it is a
234 pipe, a short "emacs like" message is used.
238 host:port to connect to on remote host for remote debugging.
244 &parse_options("NonStop=1 LineInfo=db.out");
245 sub afterinit { $trace = 1; }
247 The script will run without human intervention, putting trace
248 information into C<db.out>. (If you interrupt it, you had better
249 reset C<LineInfo> to something I<interactive>!)
251 =head1 INTERNALS DESCRIPTION
253 =head2 DEBUGGER INTERFACE VARIABLES
255 Perl supplies the values for C<%sub>. It effectively inserts
256 a C<&DB::DB();> in front of each place that can have a
257 breakpoint. At each subroutine call, it calls C<&DB::sub> with
258 C<$DB::sub> set to the called subroutine. It also inserts a C<BEGIN
259 {require 'perl5db.pl'}> before the first line.
261 After each C<require>d file is compiled, but before it is executed, a
262 call to C<&DB::postponed($main::{'_<'.$filename})> is done. C<$filename>
263 is the expanded name of the C<require>d file (as found via C<%INC>).
265 =head3 IMPORTANT INTERNAL VARIABLES
269 Used to control when the debugger will attempt to acquire another TTY to be
274 =item * 1 - on C<fork()>
276 =item * 2 - debugger is started inside debugger
278 =item * 4 - on startup
284 The value -2 indicates that no return value should be printed.
285 Any other positive value causes C<DB::sub> to print return values.
289 The item to be eval'ed by C<DB::eval>. Used to prevent messing with the current
290 contents of C<@_> when C<DB::eval> is called.
294 Determines what messages (if any) will get printed when a subroutine (or eval)
295 is entered or exited.
299 =item * 0 - No enter/exit messages
301 =item * 1 - Print I<entering> messages on subroutine entry
303 =item * 2 - Adds exit messages on subroutine exit. If no other flag is on, acts like 1+2.
305 =item * 4 - Extended messages: C<< <in|out> I<context>=I<fully-qualified sub name> from I<file>:I<line> >>. If no other flag is on, acts like 1+4.
307 =item * 8 - Adds parameter information to messages, and overloaded stringify and tied FETCH is enabled on the printed arguments. Ignored if C<4> is not on.
309 =item * 16 - Adds C<I<context> return from I<subname>: I<value>> messages on subroutine/eval exit. Ignored if C<4> is is not on.
313 To get everything, use C<$frame=30> (or C<o f=30> as a debugger command).
314 The debugger internally juggles the value of C<$frame> during execution to
315 protect external modules that the debugger uses from getting traced.
319 Tracks current debugger nesting level. Used to figure out how many
320 C<E<lt>E<gt>> pairs to surround the line number with when the debugger
321 outputs a prompt. Also used to help determine if the program has finished
322 during command parsing.
324 =head4 C<$onetimeDump>
326 Controls what (if anything) C<DB::eval()> will print after evaluating an
331 =item * C<undef> - don't print anything
333 =item * C<dump> - use C<dumpvar.pl> to display the value returned
335 =item * C<methods> - print the methods callable on the first item returned
339 =head4 C<$onetimeDumpDepth>
341 Controls how far down C<dumpvar.pl> will go before printing C<...> while
342 dumping a structure. Numeric. If C<undef>, print all levels.
346 Used to track whether or not an C<INT> signal has been detected. C<DB::DB()>,
347 which is called before every statement, checks this and puts the user into
348 command mode if it finds C<$signal> set to a true value.
352 Controls behavior during single-stepping. Stacked in C<@stack> on entry to
353 each subroutine; popped again at the end of each subroutine.
357 =item * 0 - run continuously.
359 =item * 1 - single-step, go into subs. The C<s> command.
361 =item * 2 - single-step, don't go into subs. The C<n> command.
363 =item * 4 - print current sub depth (turned on to force this when C<too much
370 Controls the output of trace information.
374 =item * 1 - The C<t> command was entered to turn on tracing (every line executed is printed)
376 =item * 2 - watch expressions are active
378 =item * 4 - user defined a C<watchfunction()> in C<afterinit()>
382 =head4 C<$slave_editor>
384 1 if C<LINEINFO> was directed to a pipe; 0 otherwise.
388 Stack of filehandles that C<DB::readline()> will read commands from.
389 Manipulated by the debugger's C<source> command and C<DB::readline()> itself.
393 Local alias to the magical line array, C<@{$main::{'_<'.$filename}}> ,
394 supplied by the Perl interpreter to the debugger. Contains the source.
398 Previous values of watch expressions. First set when the expression is
399 entered; reset whenever the watch expression changes.
403 Saves important globals (C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, C<$^W>)
404 so that the debugger can substitute safe values while it's running, and
405 restore them when it returns control.
409 Saves the current value of C<$single> on entry to a subroutine.
410 Manipulated by the C<c> command to turn off tracing in all subs above the
415 The 'watch' expressions: to be evaluated before each line is executed.
419 The typeahead buffer, used by C<DB::readline>.
423 Command aliases. Stored as character strings to be substituted for a command
426 =head4 C<%break_on_load>
428 Keys are file names, values are 1 (break when this file is loaded) or undef
429 (don't break when it is loaded).
433 Keys are line numbers, values are C<condition\0action>. If used in numeric
434 context, values are 0 if not breakable, 1 if breakable, no matter what is
435 in the actual hash entry.
437 =head4 C<%had_breakpoints>
439 Keys are file names; values are bitfields:
443 =item * 1 - file has a breakpoint in it.
445 =item * 2 - file has an action in it.
449 A zero or undefined value means this file has neither.
453 Stores the debugger options. These are character string values.
457 Saves breakpoints for code that hasn't been compiled yet.
458 Keys are subroutine names, values are:
462 =item * C<compile> - break when this sub is compiled
464 =item * C<< break +0 if <condition> >> - break (conditionally) at the start of this routine. The condition will be '1' if no condition was specified.
468 =head4 C<%postponed_file>
470 This hash keeps track of breakpoints that need to be set for files that have
471 not yet been compiled. Keys are filenames; values are references to hashes.
472 Each of these hashes is keyed by line number, and its values are breakpoint
473 definitions (C<condition\0action>).
475 =head1 DEBUGGER INITIALIZATION
477 The debugger's initialization actually jumps all over the place inside this
478 package. This is because there are several BEGIN blocks (which of course
479 execute immediately) spread through the code. Why is that?
481 The debugger needs to be able to change some things and set some things up
482 before the debugger code is compiled; most notably, the C<$deep> variable that
483 C<DB::sub> uses to tell when a program has recursed deeply. In addition, the
484 debugger has to turn off warnings while the debugger code is compiled, but then
485 restore them to their original setting before the program being debugged begins
488 The first C<BEGIN> block simply turns off warnings by saving the current
489 setting of C<$^W> and then setting it to zero. The second one initializes
490 the debugger variables that are needed before the debugger begins executing.
491 The third one puts C<$^X> back to its former value.
493 We'll detail the second C<BEGIN> block later; just remember that if you need
494 to initialize something before the debugger starts really executing, that's
503 # Debugger for Perl 5.00x; perl5db.pl patch level:
506 $header = "perl5db.pl version $VERSION";
508 =head1 DEBUGGER ROUTINES
512 This function replaces straight C<eval()> inside the debugger; it simplifies
513 the process of evaluating code in the user's context.
515 The code to be evaluated is passed via the package global variable
516 C<$DB::evalarg>; this is done to avoid fiddling with the contents of C<@_>.
518 Before we do the C<eval()>, we preserve the current settings of C<$trace>,
519 C<$single>, C<$^D> and C<$usercontext>. The latter contains the
520 preserved values of C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, C<$^W> and the
521 user's current package, grabbed when C<DB::DB> got control. This causes the
522 proper context to be used when the eval is actually done. Afterward, we
523 restore C<$trace>, C<$single>, and C<$^D>.
525 Next we need to handle C<$@> without getting confused. We save C<$@> in a
526 local lexical, localize C<$saved[0]> (which is where C<save()> will put
527 C<$@>), and then call C<save()> to capture C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>,
528 C<$/>, C<$\>, and C<$^W>) and set C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, and C<$^W> to values
529 considered sane by the debugger. If there was an C<eval()> error, we print
530 it on the debugger's output. If C<$onetimedump> is defined, we call
531 C<dumpit> if it's set to 'dump', or C<methods> if it's set to
532 'methods'. Setting it to something else causes the debugger to do the eval
533 but not print the result - handy if you want to do something else with it
534 (the "watch expressions" code does this to get the value of the watch
535 expression but not show it unless it matters).
537 In any case, we then return the list of output from C<eval> to the caller,
538 and unwinding restores the former version of C<$@> in C<@saved> as well
539 (the localization of C<$saved[0]> goes away at the end of this scope).
541 =head3 Parameters and variables influencing execution of DB::eval()
543 C<DB::eval> isn't parameterized in the standard way; this is to keep the
544 debugger's calls to C<DB::eval()> from mucking with C<@_>, among other things.
545 The variables listed below influence C<DB::eval()>'s execution directly.
549 =item C<$evalarg> - the thing to actually be eval'ed
551 =item C<$trace> - Current state of execution tracing
553 =item C<$single> - Current state of single-stepping
555 =item C<$onetimeDump> - what is to be displayed after the evaluation
557 =item C<$onetimeDumpDepth> - how deep C<dumpit()> should go when dumping results
561 The following variables are altered by C<DB::eval()> during its execution. They
562 are "stacked" via C<local()>, enabling recursive calls to C<DB::eval()>.
566 =item C<@res> - used to capture output from actual C<eval>.
568 =item C<$otrace> - saved value of C<$trace>.
570 =item C<$osingle> - saved value of C<$single>.
572 =item C<$od> - saved value of C<$^D>.
574 =item C<$saved[0]> - saved value of C<$@>.
576 =item $\ - for output of C<$@> if there is an evaluation error.
580 =head3 The problem of lexicals
582 The context of C<DB::eval()> presents us with some problems. Obviously,
583 we want to be 'sandboxed' away from the debugger's internals when we do
584 the eval, but we need some way to control how punctuation variables and
585 debugger globals are used.
587 We can't use local, because the code inside C<DB::eval> can see localized
588 variables; and we can't use C<my> either for the same reason. The code
589 in this routine compromises and uses C<my>.
591 After this routine is over, we don't have user code executing in the debugger's
592 context, so we can use C<my> freely.
596 ############################################## Begin lexical danger zone
598 # 'my' variables used here could leak into (that is, be visible in)
599 # the context that the code being evaluated is executing in. This means that
600 # the code could modify the debugger's variables.
602 # Fiddling with the debugger's context could be Bad. We insulate things as
607 # 'my' would make it visible from user code
608 # but so does local! --tchrist
609 # Remember: this localizes @DB::res, not @main::res.
613 # Try to keep the user code from messing with us. Save these so that
614 # even if the eval'ed code changes them, we can put them back again.
615 # Needed because the user could refer directly to the debugger's
616 # package globals (and any 'my' variables in this containing scope)
617 # inside the eval(), and we want to try to stay safe.
618 local $otrace = $trace;
619 local $osingle = $single;
622 # Untaint the incoming eval() argument.
623 { ($evalarg) = $evalarg =~ /(.*)/s; }
625 # $usercontext built in DB::DB near the comment
626 # "set up the context for DB::eval ..."
627 # Evaluate and save any results.
628 @res = eval "$usercontext $evalarg;\n"; # '\n' for nice recursive debug
630 # Restore those old values.
636 # Save the current value of $@, and preserve it in the debugger's copy
637 # of the saved precious globals.
640 # Since we're only saving $@, we only have to localize the array element
641 # that it will be stored in.
642 local $saved[0]; # Preserve the old value of $@
645 # Now see whether we need to report an error back to the user.
651 # Display as required by the caller. $onetimeDump and $onetimedumpDepth
652 # are package globals.
653 elsif ($onetimeDump) {
654 if ( $onetimeDump eq 'dump' ) {
655 local $option{dumpDepth} = $onetimedumpDepth
656 if defined $onetimedumpDepth;
657 dumpit( $OUT, \@res );
659 elsif ( $onetimeDump eq 'methods' ) {
662 } ## end elsif ($onetimeDump)
666 ############################################## End lexical danger zone
668 # After this point it is safe to introduce lexicals.
669 # The code being debugged will be executing in its own context, and
670 # can't see the inside of the debugger.
672 # However, one should not overdo it: leave as much control from outside as
673 # possible. If you make something a lexical, it's not going to be addressable
674 # from outside the debugger even if you know its name.
676 # This file is automatically included if you do perl -d.
677 # It's probably not useful to include this yourself.
679 # Before venturing further into these twisty passages, it is
680 # wise to read the perldebguts man page or risk the ire of dragons.
682 # (It should be noted that perldebguts will tell you a lot about
683 # the underlying mechanics of how the debugger interfaces into the
684 # Perl interpreter, but not a lot about the debugger itself. The new
685 # comments in this code try to address this problem.)
687 # Note that no subroutine call is possible until &DB::sub is defined
688 # (for subroutines defined outside of the package DB). In fact the same is
689 # true if $deep is not defined.
691 # Enhanced by ilya@math.ohio-state.edu (Ilya Zakharevich)
693 # modified Perl debugger, to be run from Emacs in perldb-mode
694 # Ray Lischner (uunet!mntgfx!lisch) as of 5 Nov 1990
695 # Johan Vromans -- upgrade to 4.0 pl 10
696 # Ilya Zakharevich -- patches after 5.001 (and some before ;-)
698 # (We have made efforts to clarify the comments in the change log
699 # in other places; some of them may seem somewhat obscure as they
700 # were originally written, and explaining them away from the code
701 # in question seems conterproductive.. -JM)
703 ########################################################################
705 # + A lot of things changed after 0.94. First of all, core now informs
706 # debugger about entry into XSUBs, overloaded operators, tied operations,
707 # BEGIN and END. Handy with `O f=2'.
708 # + This can make debugger a little bit too verbose, please be patient
709 # and report your problems promptly.
710 # + Now the option frame has 3 values: 0,1,2. XXX Document!
711 # + Note that if DESTROY returns a reference to the object (or object),
712 # the deletion of data may be postponed until the next function call,
713 # due to the need to examine the return value.
716 # + `v' command shows versions.
719 # + `v' command shows version of readline.
720 # primitive completion works (dynamic variables, subs for `b' and `l',
721 # options). Can `p %var'
722 # + Better help (`h <' now works). New commands <<, >>, {, {{.
723 # {dump|print}_trace() coded (to be able to do it from <<cmd).
724 # + `c sub' documented.
725 # + At last enough magic combined to stop after the end of debuggee.
726 # + !! should work now (thanks to Emacs bracket matching an extra
727 # `]' in a regexp is caught).
728 # + `L', `D' and `A' span files now (as documented).
729 # + Breakpoints in `require'd code are possible (used in `R').
730 # + Some additional words on internal work of debugger.
731 # + `b load filename' implemented.
732 # + `b postpone subr' implemented.
733 # + now only `q' exits debugger (overwritable on $inhibit_exit).
734 # + When restarting debugger breakpoints/actions persist.
735 # + Buglet: When restarting debugger only one breakpoint/action per
736 # autoloaded function persists.
738 # Changes: 0.97: NonStop will not stop in at_exit().
739 # + Option AutoTrace implemented.
740 # + Trace printed differently if frames are printed too.
741 # + new `inhibitExit' option.
742 # + printing of a very long statement interruptible.
743 # Changes: 0.98: New command `m' for printing possible methods
744 # + 'l -' is a synonym for `-'.
745 # + Cosmetic bugs in printing stack trace.
746 # + `frame' & 8 to print "expanded args" in stack trace.
747 # + Can list/break in imported subs.
748 # + new `maxTraceLen' option.
749 # + frame & 4 and frame & 8 granted.
751 # + nonstoppable lines do not have `:' near the line number.
752 # + `b compile subname' implemented.
753 # + Will not use $` any more.
754 # + `-' behaves sane now.
755 # Changes: 0.99: Completion for `f', `m'.
756 # + `m' will remove duplicate names instead of duplicate functions.
757 # + `b load' strips trailing whitespace.
758 # completion ignores leading `|'; takes into account current package
759 # when completing a subroutine name (same for `l').
760 # Changes: 1.07: Many fixed by tchrist 13-March-2000
762 # + Added bare minimal security checks on perldb rc files, plus
763 # comments on what else is needed.
764 # + Fixed the ornaments that made "|h" completely unusable.
765 # They are not used in print_help if they will hurt. Strip pod
766 # if we're paging to less.
767 # + Fixed mis-formatting of help messages caused by ornaments
768 # to restore Larry's original formatting.
769 # + Fixed many other formatting errors. The code is still suboptimal,
770 # and needs a lot of work at restructuring. It's also misindented
772 # + Fixed bug where trying to look at an option like your pager
774 # + Fixed some $? processing. Note: if you use csh or tcsh, you will
775 # lose. You should consider shell escapes not using their shell,
776 # or else not caring about detailed status. This should really be
777 # unified into one place, too.
778 # + Fixed bug where invisible trailing whitespace on commands hoses you,
779 # tricking Perl into thinking you weren't calling a debugger command!
780 # + Fixed bug where leading whitespace on commands hoses you. (One
781 # suggests a leading semicolon or any other irrelevant non-whitespace
782 # to indicate literal Perl code.)
783 # + Fixed bugs that ate warnings due to wrong selected handle.
784 # + Fixed a precedence bug on signal stuff.
785 # + Fixed some unseemly wording.
786 # + Fixed bug in help command trying to call perl method code.
787 # + Fixed to call dumpvar from exception handler. SIGPIPE killed us.
789 # + Added some comments. This code is still nasty spaghetti.
790 # + Added message if you clear your pre/post command stacks which was
791 # very easy to do if you just typed a bare >, <, or {. (A command
792 # without an argument should *never* be a destructive action; this
793 # API is fundamentally screwed up; likewise option setting, which
794 # is equally buggered.)
795 # + Added command stack dump on argument of "?" for >, <, or {.
796 # + Added a semi-built-in doc viewer command that calls man with the
797 # proper %Config::Config path (and thus gets caching, man -k, etc),
798 # or else perldoc on obstreperous platforms.
799 # + Added to and rearranged the help information.
800 # + Detected apparent misuse of { ... } to declare a block; this used
801 # to work but now is a command, and mysteriously gave no complaint.
803 # Changes: 1.08: Apr 25, 2001 Jon Eveland <jweveland@yahoo.com>
805 # + This patch to perl5db.pl cleans up formatting issues on the help
806 # summary (h h) screen in the debugger. Mostly columnar alignment
807 # issues, plus converted the printed text to use all spaces, since
808 # tabs don't seem to help much here.
810 # Changes: 1.09: May 19, 2001 Ilya Zakharevich <ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>
811 # Minor bugs corrected;
812 # + Support for auto-creation of new TTY window on startup, either
813 # unconditionally, or if started as a kid of another debugger session;
814 # + New `O'ption CreateTTY
815 # I<CreateTTY> bits control attempts to create a new TTY on events:
817 # 2: debugger is started inside debugger
819 # + Code to auto-create a new TTY window on OS/2 (currently one
820 # extra window per session - need named pipes to have more...);
821 # + Simplified interface for custom createTTY functions (with a backward
822 # compatibility hack); now returns the TTY name to use; return of ''
823 # means that the function reset the I/O handles itself;
824 # + Better message on the semantic of custom createTTY function;
825 # + Convert the existing code to create a TTY into a custom createTTY
827 # + Consistent support for TTY names of the form "TTYin,TTYout";
828 # + Switch line-tracing output too to the created TTY window;
829 # + make `b fork' DWIM with CORE::GLOBAL::fork;
830 # + High-level debugger API cmd_*():
831 # cmd_b_load($filenamepart) # b load filenamepart
832 # cmd_b_line($lineno [, $cond]) # b lineno [cond]
833 # cmd_b_sub($sub [, $cond]) # b sub [cond]
834 # cmd_stop() # Control-C
835 # cmd_d($lineno) # d lineno (B)
836 # The cmd_*() API returns FALSE on failure; in this case it outputs
837 # the error message to the debugging output.
838 # + Low-level debugger API
839 # break_on_load($filename) # b load filename
840 # @files = report_break_on_load() # List files with load-breakpoints
841 # breakable_line_in_filename($name, $from [, $to])
842 # # First breakable line in the
843 # # range $from .. $to. $to defaults
844 # # to $from, and may be less than
846 # breakable_line($from [, $to]) # Same for the current file
847 # break_on_filename_line($name, $lineno [, $cond])
848 # # Set breakpoint,$cond defaults to
850 # break_on_filename_line_range($name, $from, $to [, $cond])
851 # # As above, on the first
852 # # breakable line in range
853 # break_on_line($lineno [, $cond]) # As above, in the current file
854 # break_subroutine($sub [, $cond]) # break on the first breakable line
855 # ($name, $from, $to) = subroutine_filename_lines($sub)
856 # # The range of lines of the text
857 # The low-level API returns TRUE on success, and die()s on failure.
859 # Changes: 1.10: May 23, 2001 Daniel Lewart <d-lewart@uiuc.edu>
861 # + Fixed warnings generated by "perl -dWe 42"
862 # + Corrected spelling errors
863 # + Squeezed Help (h) output into 80 columns
865 # Changes: 1.11: May 24, 2001 David Dyck <dcd@tc.fluke.com>
866 # + Made "x @INC" work like it used to
868 # Changes: 1.12: May 24, 2001 Daniel Lewart <d-lewart@uiuc.edu>
869 # + Fixed warnings generated by "O" (Show debugger options)
870 # + Fixed warnings generated by "p 42" (Print expression)
871 # Changes: 1.13: Jun 19, 2001 Scott.L.Miller@compaq.com
872 # + Added windowSize option
873 # Changes: 1.14: Oct 9, 2001 multiple
874 # + Clean up after itself on VMS (Charles Lane in 12385)
875 # + Adding "@ file" syntax (Peter Scott in 12014)
876 # + Debug reloading selfloaded stuff (Ilya Zakharevich in 11457)
877 # + $^S and other debugger fixes (Ilya Zakharevich in 11120)
878 # + Forgot a my() declaration (Ilya Zakharevich in 11085)
879 # Changes: 1.15: Nov 6, 2001 Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com>
880 # + Updated 1.14 change log
881 # + Added *dbline explainatory comments
882 # + Mentioning perldebguts man page
883 # Changes: 1.16: Feb 15, 2002 Mark-Jason Dominus <mjd@plover.com>
884 # + $onetimeDump improvements
885 # Changes: 1.17: Feb 20, 2002 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
886 # Moved some code to cmd_[.]()'s for clarity and ease of handling,
887 # rationalised the following commands and added cmd_wrapper() to
888 # enable switching between old and frighteningly consistent new
889 # behaviours for diehards: 'o CommandSet=pre580' (sigh...)
890 # a(add), A(del) # action expr (added del by line)
891 # + b(add), B(del) # break [line] (was b,D)
892 # + w(add), W(del) # watch expr (was W,W)
893 # # added del by expr
894 # + h(summary), h h(long) # help (hh) (was h h,h)
895 # + m(methods), M(modules) # ... (was m,v)
896 # + o(option) # lc (was O)
897 # + v(view code), V(view Variables) # ... (was w,V)
898 # Changes: 1.18: Mar 17, 2002 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
899 # + fixed missing cmd_O bug
900 # Changes: 1.19: Mar 29, 2002 Spider Boardman
901 # + Added missing local()s -- DB::DB is called recursively.
902 # Changes: 1.20: Feb 17, 2003 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
903 # + pre'n'post commands no longer trashed with no args
904 # + watch val joined out of eval()
905 # Changes: 1.21: Jun 04, 2003 Joe McMahon <mcmahon@ibiblio.org>
906 # + Added comments and reformatted source. No bug fixes/enhancements.
907 # + Includes cleanup by Robin Barker and Jarkko Hietaniemi.
908 # Changes: 1.22 Jun 09, 2003 Alex Vandiver <alexmv@MIT.EDU>
909 # + Flush stdout/stderr before the debugger prompt is printed.
910 # Changes: 1.23: Dec 21, 2003 Dominique Quatravaux
911 # + Fix a side-effect of bug #24674 in the perl debugger ("odd taint bug")
912 # Changes: 1.24: Mar 03, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
913 # + Added command to save all debugger commands for sourcing later.
914 # + Added command to display parent inheritance tree of given class.
915 # + Fixed minor newline in history bug.
916 # Changes: 1.25: Apr 17, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
917 # + Fixed option bug (setting invalid options + not recognising valid short forms)
918 # Changes: 1.26: Apr 22, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
919 # + unfork the 5.8.x and 5.9.x debuggers.
920 # + whitespace and assertions call cleanup across versions
921 # + H * deletes (resets) history
922 # + i now handles Class + blessed objects
923 # Changes: 1.27: May 09, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
924 # + updated pod page references - clunky.
925 # + removed windowid restriction for forking into an xterm.
926 # + more whitespace again.
927 # + wrapped restart and enabled rerun [-n] (go back n steps) command.
928 # Changes: 1.28: Oct 12, 2004 Richard Foley <richard.foley@rfi.net>
929 # + Added threads support (inc. e and E commands)
930 ####################################################################
932 =head1 DEBUGGER INITIALIZATION
934 The debugger starts up in phases.
938 First, it initializes the environment it wants to run in: turning off
939 warnings during its own compilation, defining variables which it will need
940 to avoid warnings later, setting itself up to not exit when the program
941 terminates, and defaulting to printing return values for the C<r> command.
945 # Needed for the statement after exec():
947 # This BEGIN block is simply used to switch off warnings during debugger
948 # compiliation. Probably it would be better practice to fix the warnings,
949 # but this is how it's done at the moment.
954 } # Switch compilation warnings off until another BEGIN.
956 # test if assertions are supported and actived:
958 $ini_assertion = eval "sub asserting_test : assertion {1}; 1";
960 # $ini_assertion = undef => assertions unsupported,
961 # " = 1 => assertions supported
962 # print "\$ini_assertion=$ini_assertion\n";
965 local ($^W) = 0; # Switch run-time warnings off during init.
967 =head2 THREADS SUPPORT
969 If we are running under a threaded Perl, we require threads and threads::shared
970 if the environment variable C<PERL5DB_THREADED> is set, to enable proper
971 threaded debugger control. C<-dt> can also be used to set this.
973 Each new thread will be announced and the debugger prompt will always inform
974 you of each new thread created. It will also indicate the thread id in which
975 we are currently running within the prompt like this:
979 Where C<[tid]> is an integer thread id and C<$i> is the familiar debugger
980 command prompt. The prompt will show: C<[0]> when running under threads, but
981 not actually in a thread. C<[tid]> is consistent with C<gdb> usage.
983 While running under threads, when you set or delete a breakpoint (etc.), this
984 will apply to all threads, not just the currently running one. When you are
985 in a currently executing thread, you will stay there until it completes. With
986 the current implementation it is not currently possible to hop from one thread
989 The C<e> and C<E> commands are currently fairly minimal - see C<h e> and C<h E>.
991 Note that threading support was built into the debugger as of Perl version
992 C<5.8.6> and debugger version C<1.2.8>.
997 # ensure we can share our non-threaded variables or no-op
998 if ($ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
1000 require threads::shared;
1001 import threads::shared qw(share);
1005 print "Threads support enabled\n";
1012 # This would probably be better done with "use vars", but that wasn't around
1013 # when this code was originally written. (Neither was "use strict".) And on
1014 # the principle of not fiddling with something that was working, this was
1017 # These variables control the execution of 'dumpvar.pl'.
1018 $dumpvar::hashDepth,
1019 $dumpvar::arrayDepth,
1020 $dumpvar::dumpDBFiles,
1021 $dumpvar::dumpPackages,
1022 $dumpvar::quoteHighBit,
1023 $dumpvar::printUndef,
1024 $dumpvar::globPrint,
1025 $dumpvar::usageOnly,
1027 # used to save @ARGV and extract any debugger-related flags.
1030 # used to control die() reporting in diesignal()
1033 # used to prevent multiple entries to diesignal()
1034 # (if for instance diesignal() itself dies)
1037 # used to prevent the debugger from running nonstop
1043 foreach my $k (keys (%INC)) {
1044 &share(\$main::{'_<'.$filename});
1047 # Command-line + PERLLIB:
1048 # Save the contents of @INC before they are modified elsewhere.
1051 # This was an attempt to clear out the previous values of various
1052 # trapped errors. Apparently it didn't help. XXX More info needed!
1053 # $prevwarn = $prevdie = $prevbus = $prevsegv = ''; # Does not help?!
1055 # We set these variables to safe values. We don't want to blindly turn
1056 # off warnings, because other packages may still want them.
1057 $trace = $signal = $single = 0; # Uninitialized warning suppression
1058 # (local $^W cannot help - other packages!).
1060 # Default to not exiting when program finishes; print the return
1061 # value when the 'r' command is used to return from a subroutine.
1062 $inhibit_exit = $option{PrintRet} = 1;
1064 =head1 OPTION PROCESSING
1066 The debugger's options are actually spread out over the debugger itself and
1067 C<dumpvar.pl>; some of these are variables to be set, while others are
1068 subs to be called with a value. To try to make this a little easier to
1069 manage, the debugger uses a few data structures to define what options
1070 are legal and how they are to be processed.
1072 First, the C<@options> array defines the I<names> of all the options that
1079 hashDepth arrayDepth dumpDepth
1080 DumpDBFiles DumpPackages DumpReused
1081 compactDump veryCompact quote
1082 HighBit undefPrint globPrint
1083 PrintRet UsageOnly frame
1085 ReadLine NonStop LineInfo
1086 maxTraceLen recallCommand ShellBang
1087 pager tkRunning ornaments
1088 signalLevel warnLevel dieLevel
1089 inhibit_exit ImmediateStop bareStringify
1090 CreateTTY RemotePort windowSize
1091 DollarCaretP OnlyAssertions WarnAssertions
1094 @RememberOnROptions = qw(DollarCaretP OnlyAssertions);
1098 Second, C<optionVars> lists the variables that each option uses to save its
1104 hashDepth => \$dumpvar::hashDepth,
1105 arrayDepth => \$dumpvar::arrayDepth,
1106 CommandSet => \$CommandSet,
1107 DumpDBFiles => \$dumpvar::dumpDBFiles,
1108 DumpPackages => \$dumpvar::dumpPackages,
1109 DumpReused => \$dumpvar::dumpReused,
1110 HighBit => \$dumpvar::quoteHighBit,
1111 undefPrint => \$dumpvar::printUndef,
1112 globPrint => \$dumpvar::globPrint,
1113 UsageOnly => \$dumpvar::usageOnly,
1114 CreateTTY => \$CreateTTY,
1115 bareStringify => \$dumpvar::bareStringify,
1117 AutoTrace => \$trace,
1118 inhibit_exit => \$inhibit_exit,
1119 maxTraceLen => \$maxtrace,
1120 ImmediateStop => \$ImmediateStop,
1121 RemotePort => \$remoteport,
1122 windowSize => \$window,
1123 WarnAssertions => \$warnassertions,
1128 Third, C<%optionAction> defines the subroutine to be called to process each
1134 compactDump => \&dumpvar::compactDump,
1135 veryCompact => \&dumpvar::veryCompact,
1136 quote => \&dumpvar::quote,
1139 ReadLine => \&ReadLine,
1140 NonStop => \&NonStop,
1141 LineInfo => \&LineInfo,
1142 recallCommand => \&recallCommand,
1143 ShellBang => \&shellBang,
1145 signalLevel => \&signalLevel,
1146 warnLevel => \&warnLevel,
1147 dieLevel => \&dieLevel,
1148 tkRunning => \&tkRunning,
1149 ornaments => \&ornaments,
1150 RemotePort => \&RemotePort,
1151 DollarCaretP => \&DollarCaretP,
1152 OnlyAssertions=> \&OnlyAssertions,
1157 Last, the C<%optionRequire> notes modules that must be C<require>d if an
1162 # Note that this list is not complete: several options not listed here
1163 # actually require that dumpvar.pl be loaded for them to work, but are
1164 # not in the table. A subsequent patch will correct this problem; for
1165 # the moment, we're just recommenting, and we are NOT going to change
1168 compactDump => 'dumpvar.pl',
1169 veryCompact => 'dumpvar.pl',
1170 quote => 'dumpvar.pl',
1175 There are a number of initialization-related variables which can be set
1176 by putting code to set them in a BEGIN block in the C<PERL5DB> environment
1177 variable. These are:
1181 =item C<$rl> - readline control XXX needs more explanation
1183 =item C<$warnLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over warning handling
1185 =item C<$dieLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over die handling
1187 =item C<$signalLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over signal handling
1189 =item C<$pre> - preprompt actions (array reference)
1191 =item C<$post> - postprompt actions (array reference)
1195 =item C<$CreateTTY> - whether or not to create a new TTY for this debugger
1197 =item C<$CommandSet> - which command set to use (defaults to new, documented set)
1203 # These guys may be defined in $ENV{PERL5DB} :
1204 $rl = 1 unless defined $rl;
1205 $warnLevel = 1 unless defined $warnLevel;
1206 $dieLevel = 1 unless defined $dieLevel;
1207 $signalLevel = 1 unless defined $signalLevel;
1208 $pre = [] unless defined $pre;
1209 $post = [] unless defined $post;
1210 $pretype = [] unless defined $pretype;
1211 $CreateTTY = 3 unless defined $CreateTTY;
1212 $CommandSet = '580' unless defined $CommandSet;
1217 share($signalLevel);
1227 The default C<die>, C<warn>, and C<signal> handlers are set up.
1231 warnLevel($warnLevel);
1232 dieLevel($dieLevel);
1233 signalLevel($signalLevel);
1237 The pager to be used is needed next. We try to get it from the
1238 environment first. if it's not defined there, we try to find it in
1239 the Perl C<Config.pm>. If it's not there, we default to C<more>. We
1240 then call the C<pager()> function to save the pager name.
1244 # This routine makes sure $pager is set up so that '|' can use it.
1247 # If PAGER is defined in the environment, use it.
1251 # If not, see if Config.pm defines it.
1252 : eval { require Config }
1253 && defined $Config::Config{pager}
1254 ? $Config::Config{pager}
1256 # If not, fall back to 'more'.
1259 unless defined $pager;
1263 We set up the command to be used to access the man pages, the command
1264 recall character (C<!> unless otherwise defined) and the shell escape
1265 character (C<!> unless otherwise defined). Yes, these do conflict, and
1266 neither works in the debugger at the moment.
1272 # Set up defaults for command recall and shell escape (note:
1273 # these currently don't work in linemode debugging).
1274 &recallCommand("!") unless defined $prc;
1275 &shellBang("!") unless defined $psh;
1279 We then set up the gigantic string containing the debugger help.
1280 We also set the limit on the number of arguments we'll display during a
1287 # If we didn't get a default for the length of eval/stack trace args,
1289 $maxtrace = 400 unless defined $maxtrace;
1291 =head2 SETTING UP THE DEBUGGER GREETING
1293 The debugger I<greeting> helps to inform the user how many debuggers are
1294 running, and whether the current debugger is the primary or a child.
1296 If we are the primary, we just hang onto our pid so we'll have it when
1297 or if we start a child debugger. If we are a child, we'll set things up
1298 so we'll have a unique greeting and so the parent will give us our own
1301 We save the current contents of the C<PERLDB_PIDS> environment variable
1302 because we mess around with it. We'll also need to hang onto it because
1303 we'll need it if we restart.
1305 Child debuggers make a label out of the current PID structure recorded in
1306 PERLDB_PIDS plus the new PID. They also mark themselves as not having a TTY
1307 yet so the parent will give them one later via C<resetterm()>.
1311 # Save the current contents of the environment; we're about to
1312 # much with it. We'll need this if we have to restart.
1313 $ini_pids = $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS};
1315 if ( defined $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} ) {
1317 # We're a child. Make us a label out of the current PID structure
1318 # recorded in PERLDB_PIDS plus our (new) PID. Mark us as not having
1319 # a term yet so the parent will give us one later via resetterm().
1320 $pids = "[$ENV{PERLDB_PIDS}]";
1321 $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} .= "->$$";
1323 } ## end if (defined $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS...
1326 # We're the parent PID. Initialize PERLDB_PID in case we end up with a
1327 # child debugger, and mark us as the parent, so we'll know to set up
1328 # more TTY's is we have to.
1329 $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} = "$$";
1336 # Sets up $emacs as a synonym for $slave_editor.
1337 *emacs = $slave_editor if $slave_editor; # May be used in afterinit()...
1339 =head2 READING THE RC FILE
1341 The debugger will read a file of initialization options if supplied. If
1342 running interactively, this is C<.perldb>; if not, it's C<perldb.ini>.
1346 # As noted, this test really doesn't check accurately that the debugger
1347 # is running at a terminal or not.
1349 if ( -e "/dev/tty" ) { # this is the wrong metric!
1350 $rcfile = ".perldb";
1353 $rcfile = "perldb.ini";
1358 The debugger does a safety test of the file to be read. It must be owned
1359 either by the current user or root, and must only be writable by the owner.
1363 # This wraps a safety test around "do" to read and evaluate the init file.
1365 # This isn't really safe, because there's a race
1366 # between checking and opening. The solution is to
1367 # open and fstat the handle, but then you have to read and
1368 # eval the contents. But then the silly thing gets
1369 # your lexical scope, which is unfortunate at best.
1373 # Just exactly what part of the word "CORE::" don't you understand?
1374 local $SIG{__WARN__};
1375 local $SIG{__DIE__};
1377 unless ( is_safe_file($file) ) {
1378 CORE::warn <<EO_GRIPE;
1379 perldb: Must not source insecure rcfile $file.
1380 You or the superuser must be the owner, and it must not
1381 be writable by anyone but its owner.
1384 } ## end unless (is_safe_file($file...
1387 CORE::warn("perldb: couldn't parse $file: $@") if $@;
1388 } ## end sub safe_do
1390 # This is the safety test itself.
1392 # Verifies that owner is either real user or superuser and that no
1393 # one but owner may write to it. This function is of limited use
1394 # when called on a path instead of upon a handle, because there are
1395 # no guarantees that filename (by dirent) whose file (by ino) is
1396 # eventually accessed is the same as the one tested.
1397 # Assumes that the file's existence is not in doubt.
1400 stat($path) || return; # mysteriously vaporized
1401 my ( $dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid ) = stat(_);
1403 return 0 if $uid != 0 && $uid != $<;
1404 return 0 if $mode & 022;
1406 } ## end sub is_safe_file
1408 # If the rcfile (whichever one we decided was the right one to read)
1409 # exists, we safely do it.
1411 safe_do("./$rcfile");
1414 # If there isn't one here, try the user's home directory.
1415 elsif ( defined $ENV{HOME} && -f "$ENV{HOME}/$rcfile" ) {
1416 safe_do("$ENV{HOME}/$rcfile");
1419 # Else try the login directory.
1420 elsif ( defined $ENV{LOGDIR} && -f "$ENV{LOGDIR}/$rcfile" ) {
1421 safe_do("$ENV{LOGDIR}/$rcfile");
1424 # If the PERLDB_OPTS variable has options in it, parse those out next.
1425 if ( defined $ENV{PERLDB_OPTS} ) {
1426 parse_options( $ENV{PERLDB_OPTS} );
1431 The last thing we do during initialization is determine which subroutine is
1432 to be used to obtain a new terminal when a new debugger is started. Right now,
1433 the debugger only handles X Windows and OS/2.
1437 # Set up the get_fork_TTY subroutine to be aliased to the proper routine.
1438 # Works if you're running an xterm or xterm-like window, or you're on
1439 # OS/2. This may need some expansion: for instance, this doesn't handle
1440 # OS X Terminal windows.
1443 not defined &get_fork_TTY # no routine exists,
1444 and defined $ENV{TERM} # and we know what kind
1445 # of terminal this is,
1446 and $ENV{TERM} eq 'xterm' # and it's an xterm,
1447 # and defined $ENV{WINDOWID} # and we know what window this is, <- wrong metric
1448 and defined $ENV{DISPLAY} # and what display it's on,
1451 *get_fork_TTY = \&xterm_get_fork_TTY; # use the xterm version
1452 } ## end if (not defined &get_fork_TTY...
1453 elsif ( $^O eq 'os2' ) { # If this is OS/2,
1454 *get_fork_TTY = \&os2_get_fork_TTY; # use the OS/2 version
1457 # untaint $^O, which may have been tainted by the last statement.
1458 # see bug [perl #24674]
1462 # Here begin the unreadable code. It needs fixing.
1464 =head2 RESTART PROCESSING
1466 This section handles the restart command. When the C<R> command is invoked, it
1467 tries to capture all of the state it can into environment variables, and
1468 then sets C<PERLDB_RESTART>. When we start executing again, we check to see
1469 if C<PERLDB_RESTART> is there; if so, we reload all the information that
1470 the R command stuffed into the environment variables.
1472 PERLDB_RESTART - flag only, contains no restart data itself.
1473 PERLDB_HIST - command history, if it's available
1474 PERLDB_ON_LOAD - breakpoints set by the rc file
1475 PERLDB_POSTPONE - subs that have been loaded/not executed, and have actions
1476 PERLDB_VISITED - files that had breakpoints
1477 PERLDB_FILE_... - breakpoints for a file
1478 PERLDB_OPT - active options
1479 PERLDB_INC - the original @INC
1480 PERLDB_PRETYPE - preprompt debugger actions
1481 PERLDB_PRE - preprompt Perl code
1482 PERLDB_POST - post-prompt Perl code
1483 PERLDB_TYPEAHEAD - typeahead captured by readline()
1485 We chug through all these variables and plug the values saved in them
1486 back into the appropriate spots in the debugger.
1490 if ( exists $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART} ) {
1492 # We're restarting, so we don't need the flag that says to restart anymore.
1493 delete $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART};
1496 @hist = get_list('PERLDB_HIST');
1497 %break_on_load = get_list("PERLDB_ON_LOAD");
1498 %postponed = get_list("PERLDB_POSTPONE");
1502 share(%break_on_load);
1505 # restore breakpoints/actions
1506 my @had_breakpoints = get_list("PERLDB_VISITED");
1507 for ( 0 .. $#had_breakpoints ) {
1508 my %pf = get_list("PERLDB_FILE_$_");
1509 $postponed_file{ $had_breakpoints[$_] } = \%pf if %pf;
1513 my %opt = get_list("PERLDB_OPT");
1515 while ( ( $opt, $val ) = each %opt ) {
1516 $val =~ s/[\\\']/\\$1/g;
1517 parse_options("$opt'$val'");
1520 # restore original @INC
1521 @INC = get_list("PERLDB_INC");
1524 # return pre/postprompt actions and typeahead buffer
1525 $pretype = [ get_list("PERLDB_PRETYPE") ];
1526 $pre = [ get_list("PERLDB_PRE") ];
1527 $post = [ get_list("PERLDB_POST") ];
1528 @typeahead = get_list( "PERLDB_TYPEAHEAD", @typeahead );
1529 } ## end if (exists $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART...
1531 =head2 SETTING UP THE TERMINAL
1533 Now, we'll decide how the debugger is going to interact with the user.
1534 If there's no TTY, we set the debugger to run non-stop; there's not going
1535 to be anyone there to enter commands.
1546 If there is a TTY, we have to determine who it belongs to before we can
1547 proceed. If this is a slave editor or graphical debugger (denoted by
1548 the first command-line switch being '-emacs'), we shift this off and
1549 set C<$rl> to 0 (XXX ostensibly to do straight reads).
1555 # Is Perl being run from a slave editor or graphical debugger?
1556 # If so, don't use readline, and set $slave_editor = 1.
1558 ( ( defined $main::ARGV[0] ) and ( $main::ARGV[0] eq '-emacs' ) );
1559 $rl = 0, shift(@main::ARGV) if $slave_editor;
1561 #require Term::ReadLine;
1565 We then determine what the console should be on various systems:
1569 =item * Cygwin - We use C<stdin> instead of a separate device.
1573 if ( $^O eq 'cygwin' ) {
1575 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1579 =item * Unix - use C</dev/tty>.
1583 elsif ( -e "/dev/tty" ) {
1584 $console = "/dev/tty";
1587 =item * Windows or MSDOS - use C<con>.
1591 elsif ( $^O eq 'dos' or -e "con" or $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) {
1595 =item * MacOS - use C<Dev:Console:Perl Debug> if this is the MPW version; C<Dev:
1598 Note that Mac OS X returns C<darwin>, not C<MacOS>. Also note that the debugger doesn't do anything special for C<darwin>. Maybe it should.
1602 elsif ( $^O eq 'MacOS' ) {
1603 if ( $MacPerl::Version !~ /MPW/ ) {
1605 "Dev:Console:Perl Debug"; # Separate window for application
1608 $console = "Dev:Console";
1610 } ## end elsif ($^O eq 'MacOS')
1612 =item * VMS - use C<sys$command>.
1618 # everything else is ...
1619 $console = "sys\$command";
1626 Several other systems don't use a specific console. We C<undef $console>
1627 for those (Windows using a slave editor/graphical debugger, NetWare, OS/2
1628 with a slave editor, Epoc).
1632 if ( ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) and ( $slave_editor or defined $ENV{EMACS} ) ) {
1634 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1638 if ( $^O eq 'NetWare' ) {
1640 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1644 # In OS/2, we need to use STDIN to get textmode too, even though
1645 # it pretty much looks like Unix otherwise.
1646 if ( defined $ENV{OS2_SHELL} and ( $slave_editor or $ENV{WINDOWID} ) )
1651 # EPOC also falls into the 'got to use STDIN' camp.
1652 if ( $^O eq 'epoc' ) {
1658 If there is a TTY hanging around from a parent, we use that as the console.
1662 $console = $tty if defined $tty;
1664 =head2 SOCKET HANDLING
1666 The debugger is capable of opening a socket and carrying out a debugging
1667 session over the socket.
1669 If C<RemotePort> was defined in the options, the debugger assumes that it
1670 should try to start a debugging session on that port. It builds the socket
1671 and then tries to connect the input and output filehandles to it.
1675 # Handle socket stuff.
1677 if ( defined $remoteport ) {
1679 # If RemotePort was defined in the options, connect input and output
1682 $OUT = new IO::Socket::INET(
1684 PeerAddr => $remoteport,
1687 if ( !$OUT ) { die "Unable to connect to remote host: $remoteport\n"; }
1689 } ## end if (defined $remoteport)
1693 If no C<RemotePort> was defined, and we want to create a TTY on startup,
1694 this is probably a situation where multiple debuggers are running (for example,
1695 a backticked command that starts up another debugger). We create a new IN and
1696 OUT filehandle, and do the necessary mojo to create a new TTY if we know how
1704 # Two debuggers running (probably a system or a backtick that invokes
1705 # the debugger itself under the running one). create a new IN and OUT
1706 # filehandle, and do the necessary mojo to create a new tty if we
1707 # know how, and we can.
1708 create_IN_OUT(4) if $CreateTTY & 4;
1711 # If we have a console, check to see if there are separate ins and
1712 # outs to open. (They are assumed identiical if not.)
1714 my ( $i, $o ) = split /,/, $console;
1715 $o = $i unless defined $o;
1717 # read/write on in, or just read, or read on STDIN.
1719 || open( IN, "<$i" )
1720 || open( IN, "<&STDIN" );
1722 # read/write/create/clobber out, or write/create/clobber out,
1723 # or merge with STDERR, or merge with STDOUT.
1725 || open( OUT, ">$o" )
1726 || open( OUT, ">&STDERR" )
1727 || open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ); # so we don't dongle stdout
1729 } ## end if ($console)
1730 elsif ( not defined $console ) {
1732 # No console. Open STDIN.
1733 open( IN, "<&STDIN" );
1735 # merge with STDERR, or with STDOUT.
1736 open( OUT, ">&STDERR" )
1737 || open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ); # so we don't dongle stdout
1738 $console = 'STDIN/OUT';
1739 } ## end elsif (not defined $console)
1741 # Keep copies of the filehandles so that when the pager runs, it
1742 # can close standard input without clobbering ours.
1743 $IN = \*IN, $OUT = \*OUT if $console or not defined $console;
1744 } ## end elsif (from if(defined $remoteport))
1746 # Unbuffer DB::OUT. We need to see responses right away.
1747 my $previous = select($OUT);
1748 $| = 1; # for DB::OUT
1751 # Line info goes to debugger output unless pointed elsewhere.
1752 # Pointing elsewhere makes it possible for slave editors to
1753 # keep track of file and position. We have both a filehandle
1754 # and a I/O description to keep track of.
1755 $LINEINFO = $OUT unless defined $LINEINFO;
1756 $lineinfo = $console unless defined $lineinfo;
1757 # share($LINEINFO); # <- unable to share globs
1762 To finish initialization, we show the debugger greeting,
1763 and then call the C<afterinit()> subroutine if there is one.
1767 # Show the debugger greeting.
1768 $header =~ s/.Header: ([^,]+),v(\s+\S+\s+\S+).*$/$1$2/;
1769 unless ($runnonstop) {
1772 if ( $term_pid eq '-1' ) {
1773 print $OUT "\nDaughter DB session started...\n";
1776 print $OUT "\nLoading DB routines from $header\n";
1779 $slave_editor ? "enabled" : "available", ".\n"
1782 "\nEnter h or `h h' for help, or `$doccmd perldebug' for more help.\n\n";
1783 } ## end else [ if ($term_pid eq '-1')
1784 } ## end unless ($runnonstop)
1785 } ## end else [ if ($notty)
1787 # XXX This looks like a bug to me.
1788 # Why copy to @ARGS and then futz with @args?
1791 # Make sure backslashes before single quotes are stripped out, and
1792 # keep args unless they are numeric (XXX why?)
1793 # s/\'/\\\'/g; # removed while not justified understandably
1794 # s/(.*)/'$1'/ unless /^-?[\d.]+$/; # ditto
1797 # If there was an afterinit() sub defined, call it. It will get
1798 # executed in our scope, so it can fiddle with debugger globals.
1799 if ( defined &afterinit ) { # May be defined in $rcfile
1803 # Inform us about "Stack dump during die enabled ..." in dieLevel().
1806 ############################################################ Subroutines
1812 This gigantic subroutine is the heart of the debugger. Called before every
1813 statement, its job is to determine if a breakpoint has been reached, and
1814 stop if so; read commands from the user, parse them, and execute
1815 them, and hen send execution off to the next statement.
1817 Note that the order in which the commands are processed is very important;
1818 some commands earlier in the loop will actually alter the C<$cmd> variable
1819 to create other commands to be executed later. This is all highly I<optimized>
1820 but can be confusing. Check the comments for each C<$cmd ... && do {}> to
1821 see what's happening in any given command.
1827 # lock the debugger and get the thread id for the prompt
1830 if ($ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
1831 $tid = eval { "[".threads->self->tid."]" };
1834 # Check for whether we should be running continuously or not.
1835 # _After_ the perl program is compiled, $single is set to 1:
1836 if ( $single and not $second_time++ ) {
1838 # Options say run non-stop. Run until we get an interrupt.
1839 if ($runnonstop) { # Disable until signal
1840 # If there's any call stack in place, turn off single
1841 # stepping into subs throughout the stack.
1842 for ( $i = 0 ; $i <= $stack_depth ; ) {
1843 $stack[ $i++ ] &= ~1;
1846 # And we are now no longer in single-step mode.
1849 # If we simply returned at this point, we wouldn't get
1850 # the trace info. Fall on through.
1852 } ## end if ($runnonstop)
1854 elsif ($ImmediateStop) {
1856 # We are supposed to stop here; XXX probably a break.
1857 $ImmediateStop = 0; # We've processed it; turn it off
1858 $signal = 1; # Simulate an interrupt to force
1859 # us into the command loop
1861 } ## end if ($single and not $second_time...
1863 # If we're in single-step mode, or an interrupt (real or fake)
1864 # has occurred, turn off non-stop mode.
1865 $runnonstop = 0 if $single or $signal;
1867 # Preserve current values of $@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W.
1868 # The code being debugged may have altered them.
1871 # Since DB::DB gets called after every line, we can use caller() to
1872 # figure out where we last were executing. Sneaky, eh? This works because
1873 # caller is returning all the extra information when called from the
1875 local ( $package, $filename, $line ) = caller;
1876 local $filename_ini = $filename;
1878 # set up the context for DB::eval, so it can properly execute
1879 # code on behalf of the user. We add the package in so that the
1880 # code is eval'ed in the proper package (not in the debugger!).
1881 local $usercontext =
1882 '($@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W) = @saved;' . "package $package;";
1884 # Create an alias to the active file magical array to simplify
1886 local (*dbline) = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
1888 # we need to check for pseudofiles on Mac OS (these are files
1889 # not attached to a filename, but instead stored in Dev:Pseudo)
1890 if ( $^O eq 'MacOS' && $#dbline < 0 ) {
1891 $filename_ini = $filename = 'Dev:Pseudo';
1892 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
1895 # Last line in the program.
1896 local $max = $#dbline;
1898 # if we have something here, see if we should break.
1900 && ( ( $stop, $action ) = split( /\0/, $dbline{$line} ) ) )
1903 # Stop if the stop criterion says to just stop.
1904 if ( $stop eq '1' ) {
1908 # It's a conditional stop; eval it in the user's context and
1909 # see if we should stop. If so, remove the one-time sigil.
1911 $evalarg = "\$DB::signal |= 1 if do {$stop}";
1913 $dbline{$line} =~ s/;9($|\0)/$1/;
1915 } ## end if ($dbline{$line} && ...
1917 # Preserve the current stop-or-not, and see if any of the W
1918 # (watch expressions) has changed.
1919 my $was_signal = $signal;
1921 # If we have any watch expressions ...
1923 for ( my $n = 0 ; $n <= $#to_watch ; $n++ ) {
1924 $evalarg = $to_watch[$n];
1925 local $onetimeDump; # Tell DB::eval() to not output results
1927 # Fix context DB::eval() wants to return an array, but
1928 # we need a scalar here.
1929 my ($val) = join( "', '", &eval );
1930 $val = ( ( defined $val ) ? "'$val'" : 'undef' );
1933 if ( $val ne $old_watch[$n] ) {
1935 # Yep! Show the difference, and fake an interrupt.
1938 Watchpoint $n:\t$to_watch[$n] changed:
1939 old value:\t$old_watch[$n]
1942 $old_watch[$n] = $val;
1943 } ## end if ($val ne $old_watch...
1944 } ## end for (my $n = 0 ; $n <= ...
1945 } ## end if ($trace & 2)
1947 =head2 C<watchfunction()>
1949 C<watchfunction()> is a function that can be defined by the user; it is a
1950 function which will be run on each entry to C<DB::DB>; it gets the
1951 current package, filename, and line as its parameters.
1953 The watchfunction can do anything it likes; it is executing in the
1954 debugger's context, so it has access to all of the debugger's internal
1955 data structures and functions.
1957 C<watchfunction()> can control the debugger's actions. Any of the following
1958 will cause the debugger to return control to the user's program after
1959 C<watchfunction()> executes:
1965 Returning a false value from the C<watchfunction()> itself.
1969 Altering C<$single> to a false value.
1973 Altering C<$signal> to a false value.
1977 Turning off the C<4> bit in C<$trace> (this also disables the
1978 check for C<watchfunction()>. This can be done with
1986 # If there's a user-defined DB::watchfunction, call it with the
1987 # current package, filename, and line. The function executes in
1989 if ( $trace & 4 ) { # User-installed watch
1991 if watchfunction( $package, $filename, $line )
1994 and not( $trace & ~4 );
1995 } ## end if ($trace & 4)
1997 # Pick up any alteration to $signal in the watchfunction, and
1998 # turn off the signal now.
1999 $was_signal = $signal;
2002 =head2 GETTING READY TO EXECUTE COMMANDS
2004 The debugger decides to take control if single-step mode is on, the
2005 C<t> command was entered, or the user generated a signal. If the program
2006 has fallen off the end, we set things up so that entering further commands
2007 won't cause trouble, and we say that the program is over.
2011 # Check to see if we should grab control ($single true,
2012 # trace set appropriately, or we got a signal).
2013 if ( $single || ( $trace & 1 ) || $was_signal ) {
2015 # Yes, grab control.
2016 if ($slave_editor) {
2018 # Tell the editor to update its position.
2019 $position = "\032\032$filename:$line:0\n";
2020 print_lineinfo($position);
2025 Special check: if we're in package C<DB::fake>, we've gone through the
2026 C<END> block at least once. We set up everything so that we can continue
2027 to enter commands and have a valid context to be in.
2031 elsif ( $package eq 'DB::fake' ) {
2033 # Fallen off the end already.
2036 Debugged program terminated. Use B<q> to quit or B<R> to restart,
2037 use B<o> I<inhibit_exit> to avoid stopping after program termination,
2038 B<h q>, B<h R> or B<h o> to get additional info.
2041 # Set the DB::eval context appropriately.
2044 '($@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W) = @saved;'
2045 . "package $package;"; # this won't let them modify, alas
2046 } ## end elsif ($package eq 'DB::fake')
2050 If the program hasn't finished executing, we scan forward to the
2051 next executable line, print that out, build the prompt from the file and line
2052 number information, and print that.
2058 # Still somewhere in the midst of execution. Set up the
2060 $sub =~ s/\'/::/; # Swap Perl 4 package separators (') to
2061 # Perl 5 ones (sorry, we don't print Klingon
2064 $prefix = $sub =~ /::/ ? "" : "${'package'}::";
2065 $prefix .= "$sub($filename:";
2066 $after = ( $dbline[$line] =~ /\n$/ ? '' : "\n" );
2068 # Break up the prompt if it's really long.
2069 if ( length($prefix) > 30 ) {
2070 $position = "$prefix$line):\n$line:\t$dbline[$line]$after";
2076 $position = "$prefix$line$infix$dbline[$line]$after";
2079 # Print current line info, indenting if necessary.
2081 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth,
2082 "$line:\t$dbline[$line]$after" );
2085 print_lineinfo($position);
2088 # Scan forward, stopping at either the end or the next
2090 for ( $i = $line + 1 ; $i <= $max && $dbline[$i] == 0 ; ++$i )
2093 # Drop out on null statements, block closers, and comments.
2094 last if $dbline[$i] =~ /^\s*[\;\}\#\n]/;
2096 # Drop out if the user interrupted us.
2099 # Append a newline if the line doesn't have one. Can happen
2100 # in eval'ed text, for instance.
2101 $after = ( $dbline[$i] =~ /\n$/ ? '' : "\n" );
2103 # Next executable line.
2104 $incr_pos = "$prefix$i$infix$dbline[$i]$after";
2105 $position .= $incr_pos;
2108 # Print it indented if tracing is on.
2109 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth,
2110 "$i:\t$dbline[$i]$after" );
2113 print_lineinfo($incr_pos);
2115 } ## end for ($i = $line + 1 ; $i...
2116 } ## end else [ if ($slave_editor)
2117 } ## end if ($single || ($trace...
2121 If there's an action to be executed for the line we stopped at, execute it.
2122 If there are any preprompt actions, execute those as well.
2126 # If there's an action, do it now.
2127 $evalarg = $action, &eval if $action;
2129 # Are we nested another level (e.g., did we evaluate a function
2130 # that had a breakpoint in it at the debugger prompt)?
2131 if ( $single || $was_signal ) {
2133 # Yes, go down a level.
2134 local $level = $level + 1;
2136 # Do any pre-prompt actions.
2137 foreach $evalarg (@$pre) {
2141 # Complain about too much recursion if we passed the limit.
2142 print $OUT $stack_depth . " levels deep in subroutine calls!\n"
2145 # The line we're currently on. Set $incr to -1 to stay here
2146 # until we get a command that tells us to advance.
2148 $incr = -1; # for backward motion.
2150 # Tack preprompt debugger actions ahead of any actual input.
2151 @typeahead = ( @$pretype, @typeahead );
2153 =head2 WHERE ARE WE?
2155 XXX Relocate this section?
2157 The debugger normally shows the line corresponding to the current line of
2158 execution. Sometimes, though, we want to see the next line, or to move elsewhere
2159 in the file. This is done via the C<$incr>, C<$start>, and C<$max> variables.
2161 C<$incr> controls by how many lines the I<current> line should move forward
2162 after a command is executed. If set to -1, this indicates that the I<current>
2163 line shouldn't change.
2165 C<$start> is the I<current> line. It is used for things like knowing where to
2166 move forwards or backwards from when doing an C<L> or C<-> command.
2168 C<$max> tells the debugger where the last line of the current file is. It's
2169 used to terminate loops most often.
2171 =head2 THE COMMAND LOOP
2173 Most of C<DB::DB> is actually a command parsing and dispatch loop. It comes
2180 The outer part of the loop, starting at the C<CMD> label. This loop
2181 reads a command and then executes it.
2185 The inner part of the loop, starting at the C<PIPE> label. This part
2186 is wholly contained inside the C<CMD> block and only executes a command.
2187 Used to handle commands running inside a pager.
2191 So why have two labels to restart the loop? Because sometimes, it's easier to
2192 have a command I<generate> another command and then re-execute the loop to do
2193 the new command. This is faster, but perhaps a bit more convoluted.
2197 # The big command dispatch loop. It keeps running until the
2198 # user yields up control again.
2200 # If we have a terminal for input, and we get something back
2201 # from readline(), keep on processing.
2205 # We have a terminal, or can get one ...
2206 ( $term || &setterm ),
2208 # ... and it belogs to this PID or we get one for this PID ...
2209 ( $term_pid == $$ or resetterm(1) ),
2211 # ... and we got a line of command input ...
2214 "$pidprompt $tid DB"
2217 . ( '>' x $level ) . " "
2224 # ... try to execute the input as debugger commands.
2226 # Don't stop running.
2229 # No signal is active.
2232 # Handle continued commands (ending with \):
2233 $cmd =~ s/\\$/\n/ && do {
2234 $cmd .= &readline(" cont: ");
2238 =head4 The null command
2240 A newline entered by itself means I<re-execute the last command>. We grab the
2241 command out of C<$laststep> (where it was recorded previously), and copy it
2242 back into C<$cmd> to be executed below. If there wasn't any previous command,
2243 we'll do nothing below (no command will match). If there was, we also save it
2244 in the command history and fall through to allow the command parsing to pick
2249 # Empty input means repeat the last command.
2250 $cmd =~ /^$/ && ( $cmd = $laststep );
2251 chomp($cmd); # get rid of the annoying extra newline
2252 push( @hist, $cmd ) if length($cmd) > 1;
2253 push( @truehist, $cmd );
2257 # This is a restart point for commands that didn't arrive
2258 # via direct user input. It allows us to 'redo PIPE' to
2259 # re-execute command processing without reading a new command.
2261 $cmd =~ s/^\s+//s; # trim annoying leading whitespace
2262 $cmd =~ s/\s+$//s; # trim annoying trailing whitespace
2263 ($i) = split( /\s+/, $cmd );
2265 =head3 COMMAND ALIASES
2267 The debugger can create aliases for commands (these are stored in the
2268 C<%alias> hash). Before a command is executed, the command loop looks it up
2269 in the alias hash and substitutes the contents of the alias for the command,
2270 completely replacing it.
2274 # See if there's an alias for the command, and set it up if so.
2277 # Squelch signal handling; we want to keep control here
2278 # if something goes loco during the alias eval.
2279 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2280 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2282 # This is a command, so we eval it in the DEBUGGER's
2283 # scope! Otherwise, we can't see the special debugger
2284 # variables, or get to the debugger's subs. (Well, we
2285 # _could_, but why make it even more complicated?)
2286 eval "\$cmd =~ $alias{$i}";
2289 print $OUT "Couldn't evaluate `$i' alias: $@";
2292 } ## end if ($alias{$i})
2294 =head3 MAIN-LINE COMMANDS
2296 All of these commands work up to and after the program being debugged has
2301 Quit the debugger. This entails setting the C<$fall_off_end> flag, so we don't
2302 try to execute further, cleaning any restart-related stuff out of the
2303 environment, and executing with the last value of C<$?>.
2307 $cmd =~ /^q$/ && do {
2315 Turn tracing on or off. Inverts the appropriate bit in C<$trace> (q.v.).
2319 $cmd =~ /^t$/ && do {
2322 print $OUT "Trace = "
2323 . ( ( $trace & 1 ) ? "on" : "off" ) . "\n";
2327 =head4 C<S> - list subroutines matching/not matching a pattern
2329 Walks through C<%sub>, checking to see whether or not to print the name.
2333 $cmd =~ /^S(\s+(!)?(.+))?$/ && do {
2335 $Srev = defined $2; # Reverse scan?
2336 $Spatt = $3; # The pattern (if any) to use.
2337 $Snocheck = !defined $1; # No args - print all subs.
2339 # Need to make these sane here.
2343 # Search through the debugger's magical hash of subs.
2344 # If $nocheck is true, just print the sub name.
2345 # Otherwise, check it against the pattern. We then use
2346 # the XOR trick to reverse the condition as required.
2347 foreach $subname ( sort( keys %sub ) ) {
2348 if ( $Snocheck or $Srev ^ ( $subname =~ /$Spatt/ ) ) {
2349 print $OUT $subname, "\n";
2355 =head4 C<X> - list variables in current package
2357 Since the C<V> command actually processes this, just change this to the
2358 appropriate C<V> command and fall through.
2362 $cmd =~ s/^X\b/V $package/;
2364 =head4 C<V> - list variables
2366 Uses C<dumpvar.pl> to dump out the current values for selected variables.
2370 # Bare V commands get the currently-being-debugged package
2372 $cmd =~ /^V$/ && do {
2373 $cmd = "V $package";
2376 # V - show variables in package.
2377 $cmd =~ /^V\b\s*(\S+)\s*(.*)/ && do {
2379 # Save the currently selected filehandle and
2380 # force output to debugger's filehandle (dumpvar
2381 # just does "print" for output).
2382 local ($savout) = select($OUT);
2384 # Grab package name and variables to dump.
2386 @vars = split( ' ', $2 );
2388 # If main::dumpvar isn't here, get it.
2389 do 'dumpvar.pl' unless defined &main::dumpvar;
2390 if ( defined &main::dumpvar ) {
2392 # We got it. Turn off subroutine entry/exit messages
2393 # for the moment, along with return values.
2397 # must detect sigpipe failures - not catching
2398 # then will cause the debugger to die.
2402 defined $option{dumpDepth}
2403 ? $option{dumpDepth}
2404 : -1, # assume -1 unless specified
2409 # The die doesn't need to include the $@, because
2410 # it will automatically get propagated for us.
2412 die unless $@ =~ /dumpvar print failed/;
2414 } ## end if (defined &main::dumpvar)
2417 # Couldn't load dumpvar.
2418 print $OUT "dumpvar.pl not available.\n";
2421 # Restore the output filehandle, and go round again.
2426 =head4 C<x> - evaluate and print an expression
2428 Hands the expression off to C<DB::eval>, setting it up to print the value
2429 via C<dumpvar.pl> instead of just printing it directly.
2433 $cmd =~ s/^x\b/ / && do { # Remainder gets done by DB::eval()
2434 $onetimeDump = 'dump'; # main::dumpvar shows the output
2436 # handle special "x 3 blah" syntax XXX propagate
2437 # doc back to special variables.
2438 if ( $cmd =~ s/^\s*(\d+)(?=\s)/ / ) {
2439 $onetimedumpDepth = $1;
2443 =head4 C<m> - print methods
2445 Just uses C<DB::methods> to determine what methods are available.
2449 $cmd =~ s/^m\s+([\w:]+)\s*$/ / && do {
2454 # m expr - set up DB::eval to do the work
2455 $cmd =~ s/^m\b/ / && do { # Rest gets done by DB::eval()
2456 $onetimeDump = 'methods'; # method output gets used there
2459 =head4 C<f> - switch files
2463 $cmd =~ /^f\b\s*(.*)/ && do {
2467 # help for no arguments (old-style was return from sub).
2470 "The old f command is now the r command.\n"; # hint
2471 print $OUT "The new f command switches filenames.\n";
2473 } ## end if (!$file)
2475 # if not in magic file list, try a close match.
2476 if ( !defined $main::{ '_<' . $file } ) {
2477 if ( ($try) = grep( m#^_<.*$file#, keys %main:: ) ) {
2479 $try = substr( $try, 2 );
2480 print $OUT "Choosing $try matching `$file':\n";
2483 } ## end if (($try) = grep(m#^_<.*$file#...
2484 } ## end if (!defined $main::{ ...
2486 # If not successfully switched now, we failed.
2487 if ( !defined $main::{ '_<' . $file } ) {
2488 print $OUT "No file matching `$file' is loaded.\n";
2492 # We switched, so switch the debugger internals around.
2493 elsif ( $file ne $filename ) {
2494 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $file };
2499 } ## end elsif ($file ne $filename)
2501 # We didn't switch; say we didn't.
2503 print $OUT "Already in $file.\n";
2508 =head4 C<.> - return to last-executed line.
2510 We set C<$incr> to -1 to indicate that the debugger shouldn't move ahead,
2511 and then we look up the line in the magical C<%dbline> hash.
2516 $cmd =~ /^\.$/ && do {
2517 $incr = -1; # stay at current line
2519 # Reset everything to the old location.
2521 $filename = $filename_ini;
2522 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
2526 print_lineinfo($position);
2530 =head4 C<-> - back one window
2532 We change C<$start> to be one window back; if we go back past the first line,
2533 we set it to be the first line. We ser C<$incr> to put us back at the
2534 currently-executing line, and then put a C<l $start +> (list one window from
2535 C<$start>) in C<$cmd> to be executed later.
2539 # - - back a window.
2540 $cmd =~ /^-$/ && do {
2542 # back up by a window; go to 1 if back too far.
2543 $start -= $incr + $window + 1;
2544 $start = 1 if $start <= 0;
2545 $incr = $window - 1;
2547 # Generate and execute a "l +" command (handled below).
2548 $cmd = 'l ' . ($start) . '+';
2551 =head3 PRE-580 COMMANDS VS. NEW COMMANDS: C<a, A, b, B, h, l, L, M, o, O, P, v, w, W, E<lt>, E<lt>E<lt>, {, {{>
2553 In Perl 5.8.0, a realignment of the commands was done to fix up a number of
2554 problems, most notably that the default case of several commands destroying
2555 the user's work in setting watchpoints, actions, etc. We wanted, however, to
2556 retain the old commands for those who were used to using them or who preferred
2557 them. At this point, we check for the new commands and call C<cmd_wrapper> to
2558 deal with them instead of processing them in-line.
2562 # All of these commands were remapped in perl 5.8.0;
2563 # we send them off to the secondary dispatcher (see below).
2564 $cmd =~ /^([aAbBeEhilLMoOPvwW]\b|[<>\{]{1,2})\s*(.*)/so && do {
2565 &cmd_wrapper( $1, $2, $line );
2569 =head4 C<y> - List lexicals in higher scope
2571 Uses C<PadWalker> to find the lexicals supplied as arguments in a scope
2572 above the current one and then displays then using C<dumpvar.pl>.
2576 $cmd =~ /^y(?:\s+(\d*)\s*(.*))?$/ && do {
2578 # See if we've got the necessary support.
2579 eval { require PadWalker; PadWalker->VERSION(0.08) }
2582 ? "PadWalker module not found - please install\n"
2587 # Load up dumpvar if we don't have it. If we can, that is.
2588 do 'dumpvar.pl' unless defined &main::dumpvar;
2589 defined &main::dumpvar
2590 or print $OUT "dumpvar.pl not available.\n"
2593 # Got all the modules we need. Find them and print them.
2594 my @vars = split( ' ', $2 || '' );
2597 my $h = eval { PadWalker::peek_my( ( $1 || 0 ) + 1 ) };
2599 # Oops. Can't find it.
2600 $@ and $@ =~ s/ at .*//, &warn($@), next CMD;
2602 # Show the desired vars with dumplex().
2603 my $savout = select($OUT);
2605 # Have dumplex dump the lexicals.
2606 dumpvar::dumplex( $_, $h->{$_},
2607 defined $option{dumpDepth} ? $option{dumpDepth} : -1,
2614 =head3 COMMANDS NOT WORKING AFTER PROGRAM ENDS
2616 All of the commands below this point don't work after the program being
2617 debugged has ended. All of them check to see if the program has ended; this
2618 allows the commands to be relocated without worrying about a 'line of
2619 demarcation' above which commands can be entered anytime, and below which
2622 =head4 C<n> - single step, but don't trace down into subs
2624 Done by setting C<$single> to 2, which forces subs to execute straight through
2625 when entered (see C<DB::sub>). We also save the C<n> command in C<$laststep>,
2626 so a null command knows what to re-execute.
2631 $cmd =~ /^n$/ && do {
2632 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2634 # Single step, but don't enter subs.
2637 # Save for empty command (repeat last).
2642 =head4 C<s> - single-step, entering subs
2644 Sets C<$single> to 1, which causes C<DB::sub> to continue tracing inside
2645 subs. Also saves C<s> as C<$lastcmd>.
2650 $cmd =~ /^s$/ && do {
2652 # Get out and restart the command loop if program
2654 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2656 # Single step should enter subs.
2659 # Save for empty command (repeat last).
2664 =head4 C<c> - run continuously, setting an optional breakpoint
2666 Most of the code for this command is taken up with locating the optional
2667 breakpoint, which is either a subroutine name or a line number. We set
2668 the appropriate one-time-break in C<@dbline> and then turn off single-stepping
2669 in this and all call levels above this one.
2673 # c - start continuous execution.
2674 $cmd =~ /^c\b\s*([\w:]*)\s*$/ && do {
2676 # Hey, show's over. The debugged program finished
2677 # executing already.
2678 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2680 # Capture the place to put a one-time break.
2683 # Probably not needed, since we finish an interactive
2684 # sub-session anyway...
2685 # local $filename = $filename;
2686 # local *dbline = *dbline; # XXX Would this work?!
2688 # The above question wonders if localizing the alias
2689 # to the magic array works or not. Since it's commented
2690 # out, we'll just leave that to speculation for now.
2692 # If the "subname" isn't all digits, we'll assume it
2693 # is a subroutine name, and try to find it.
2694 if ( $subname =~ /\D/ ) { # subroutine name
2695 # Qualify it to the current package unless it's
2696 # already qualified.
2697 $subname = $package . "::" . $subname
2698 unless $subname =~ /::/;
2700 # find_sub will return "file:line_number" corresponding
2701 # to where the subroutine is defined; we call find_sub,
2702 # break up the return value, and assign it in one
2704 ( $file, $i ) = ( find_sub($subname) =~ /^(.*):(.*)$/ );
2706 # Force the line number to be numeric.
2709 # If we got a line number, we found the sub.
2712 # Switch all the debugger's internals around so
2713 # we're actually working with that file.
2715 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
2717 # Mark that there's a breakpoint in this file.
2718 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 1;
2720 # Scan forward to the first executable line
2721 # after the 'sub whatever' line.
2723 ++$i while $dbline[$i] == 0 && $i < $max;
2726 # We didn't find a sub by that name.
2728 print $OUT "Subroutine $subname not found.\n";
2731 } ## end if ($subname =~ /\D/)
2733 # At this point, either the subname was all digits (an
2734 # absolute line-break request) or we've scanned through
2735 # the code following the definition of the sub, looking
2736 # for an executable, which we may or may not have found.
2738 # If $i (which we set $subname from) is non-zero, we
2739 # got a request to break at some line somewhere. On
2740 # one hand, if there wasn't any real subroutine name
2741 # involved, this will be a request to break in the current
2742 # file at the specified line, so we have to check to make
2743 # sure that the line specified really is breakable.
2745 # On the other hand, if there was a subname supplied, the
2746 # preceding block has moved us to the proper file and
2747 # location within that file, and then scanned forward
2748 # looking for the next executable line. We have to make
2749 # sure that one was found.
2751 # On the gripping hand, we can't do anything unless the
2752 # current value of $i points to a valid breakable line.
2757 if ( $dbline[$i] == 0 ) {
2758 print $OUT "Line $i not breakable.\n";
2762 # Yes. Set up the one-time-break sigil.
2763 $dbline{$i} =~ s/($|\0)/;9$1/; # add one-time-only b.p.
2766 # Turn off stack tracing from here up.
2767 for ( $i = 0 ; $i <= $stack_depth ; ) {
2768 $stack[ $i++ ] &= ~1;
2773 =head4 C<r> - return from a subroutine
2775 For C<r> to work properly, the debugger has to stop execution again
2776 immediately after the return is executed. This is done by forcing
2777 single-stepping to be on in the call level above the current one. If
2778 we are printing return values when a C<r> is executed, set C<$doret>
2779 appropriately, and force us out of the command loop.
2783 # r - return from the current subroutine.
2784 $cmd =~ /^r$/ && do {
2786 # Can't do anythign if the program's over.
2787 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2789 # Turn on stack trace.
2790 $stack[$stack_depth] |= 1;
2792 # Print return value unless the stack is empty.
2793 $doret = $option{PrintRet} ? $stack_depth - 1 : -2;
2797 =head4 C<T> - stack trace
2799 Just calls C<DB::print_trace>.
2803 $cmd =~ /^T$/ && do {
2804 print_trace( $OUT, 1 ); # skip DB
2808 =head4 C<w> - List window around current line.
2810 Just calls C<DB::cmd_w>.
2814 $cmd =~ /^w\b\s*(.*)/s && do { &cmd_w( 'w', $1 ); next CMD; };
2816 =head4 C<W> - watch-expression processing.
2818 Just calls C<DB::cmd_W>.
2822 $cmd =~ /^W\b\s*(.*)/s && do { &cmd_W( 'W', $1 ); next CMD; };
2824 =head4 C</> - search forward for a string in the source
2826 We take the argument and treat it as a pattern. If it turns out to be a
2827 bad one, we return the error we got from trying to C<eval> it and exit.
2828 If not, we create some code to do the search and C<eval> it so it can't
2833 $cmd =~ /^\/(.*)$/ && do {
2835 # The pattern as a string.
2838 # Remove the final slash.
2839 $inpat =~ s:([^\\])/$:$1:;
2841 # If the pattern isn't null ...
2842 if ( $inpat ne "" ) {
2844 # Turn of warn and die procesing for a bit.
2845 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2846 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2848 # Create the pattern.
2849 eval '$inpat =~ m' . "\a$inpat\a";
2852 # Oops. Bad pattern. No biscuit.
2853 # Print the eval error and go back for more
2859 } ## end if ($inpat ne "")
2861 # Set up to stop on wrap-around.
2864 # Don't move off the current line.
2867 # Done in eval so nothing breaks if the pattern
2868 # does something weird.
2871 # Move ahead one line.
2874 # Wrap if we pass the last line.
2875 $start = 1 if ($start > $max);
2877 # Stop if we have gotten back to this line again,
2878 last if ($start == $end);
2880 # A hit! (Note, though, that we are doing
2881 # case-insensitive matching. Maybe a qr//
2882 # expression would be better, so the user could
2883 # do case-sensitive matching if desired.
2884 if ($dbline[$start] =~ m' . "\a$pat\a" . 'i) {
2885 if ($slave_editor) {
2886 # Handle proper escaping in the slave.
2887 print $OUT "\032\032$filename:$start:0\n";
2890 # Just print the line normally.
2891 print $OUT "$start:\t",$dbline[$start],"\n";
2893 # And quit since we found something.
2898 # If we wrapped, there never was a match.
2899 print $OUT "/$pat/: not found\n" if ( $start == $end );
2903 =head4 C<?> - search backward for a string in the source
2905 Same as for C</>, except the loop runs backwards.
2909 # ? - backward pattern search.
2910 $cmd =~ /^\?(.*)$/ && do {
2912 # Get the pattern, remove trailing question mark.
2914 $inpat =~ s:([^\\])\?$:$1:;
2916 # If we've got one ...
2917 if ( $inpat ne "" ) {
2919 # Turn off die & warn handlers.
2920 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2921 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2922 eval '$inpat =~ m' . "\a$inpat\a";
2926 # Ouch. Not good. Print the error.
2931 } ## end if ($inpat ne "")
2933 # Where we are now is where to stop after wraparound.
2936 # Don't move away from this line.
2939 # Search inside the eval to prevent pattern badness
2946 # Wrap if we pass the first line.
2948 $start = $max if ($start <= 0);
2950 # Quit if we get back where we started,
2951 last if ($start == $end);
2954 if ($dbline[$start] =~ m' . "\a$pat\a" . 'i) {
2955 if ($slave_editor) {
2956 # Yep, follow slave editor requirements.
2957 print $OUT "\032\032$filename:$start:0\n";
2960 # Yep, just print normally.
2961 print $OUT "$start:\t",$dbline[$start],"\n";
2969 # Say we failed if the loop never found anything,
2970 print $OUT "?$pat?: not found\n" if ( $start == $end );
2974 =head4 C<$rc> - Recall command
2976 Manages the commands in C<@hist> (which is created if C<Term::ReadLine> reports
2977 that the terminal supports history). It find the the command required, puts it
2978 into C<$cmd>, and redoes the loop to execute it.
2982 # $rc - recall command.
2983 $cmd =~ /^$rc+\s*(-)?(\d+)?$/ && do {
2985 # No arguments, take one thing off history.
2986 pop(@hist) if length($cmd) > 1;
2988 # Relative (- found)?
2989 # Y - index back from most recent (by 1 if bare minus)
2990 # N - go to that particular command slot or the last
2991 # thing if nothing following.
2992 $i = $1 ? ( $#hist - ( $2 || 1 ) ) : ( $2 || $#hist );
2994 # Pick out the command desired.
2997 # Print the command to be executed and restart the loop
2998 # with that command in the buffer.
2999 print $OUT $cmd, "\n";
3003 =head4 C<$sh$sh> - C<system()> command
3005 Calls the C<DB::system()> to handle the command. This keeps the C<STDIN> and
3006 C<STDOUT> from getting messed up.
3010 # $sh$sh - run a shell command (if it's all ASCII).
3011 # Can't run shell commands with Unicode in the debugger, hmm.
3012 $cmd =~ /^$sh$sh\s*([\x00-\xff]*)/ && do {
3019 =head4 C<$rc I<pattern> $rc> - Search command history
3021 Another command to manipulate C<@hist>: this one searches it with a pattern.
3022 If a command is found, it is placed in C<$cmd> and executed via C<redo>.
3026 # $rc pattern $rc - find a command in the history.
3027 $cmd =~ /^$rc([^$rc].*)$/ && do {
3029 # Create the pattern to use.
3032 # Toss off last entry if length is >1 (and it always is).
3033 pop(@hist) if length($cmd) > 1;
3035 # Look backward through the history.
3036 for ( $i = $#hist ; $i ; --$i ) {
3038 # Stop if we find it.
3039 last if $hist[$i] =~ /$pat/;
3045 print $OUT "No such command!\n\n";
3049 # Found it. Put it in the buffer, print it, and process it.
3051 print $OUT $cmd, "\n";
3055 =head4 C<$sh> - Invoke a shell
3057 Uses C<DB::system> to invoke a shell.
3061 # $sh - start a shell.
3062 $cmd =~ /^$sh$/ && do {
3064 # Run the user's shell. If none defined, run Bourne.
3065 # We resume execution when the shell terminates.
3066 &system( $ENV{SHELL} || "/bin/sh" );
3070 =head4 C<$sh I<command>> - Force execution of a command in a shell
3072 Like the above, but the command is passed to the shell. Again, we use
3073 C<DB::system> to avoid problems with C<STDIN> and C<STDOUT>.
3077 # $sh command - start a shell and run a command in it.
3078 $cmd =~ /^$sh\s*([\x00-\xff]*)/ && do {
3080 # XXX: using csh or tcsh destroys sigint retvals!
3081 #&system($1); # use this instead
3083 # use the user's shell, or Bourne if none defined.
3084 &system( $ENV{SHELL} || "/bin/sh", "-c", $1 );
3088 =head4 C<H> - display commands in history
3090 Prints the contents of C<@hist> (if any).
3094 $cmd =~ /^H\b\s*\*/ && do {
3095 @hist = @truehist = ();
3096 print $OUT "History cleansed\n";
3100 $cmd =~ /^H\b\s*(-(\d+))?/ && do {
3102 # Anything other than negative numbers is ignored by
3103 # the (incorrect) pattern, so this test does nothing.
3104 $end = $2 ? ( $#hist - $2 ) : 0;
3106 # Set to the minimum if less than zero.
3107 $hist = 0 if $hist < 0;
3109 # Start at the end of the array.
3110 # Stay in while we're still above the ending value.
3111 # Tick back by one each time around the loop.
3112 for ( $i = $#hist ; $i > $end ; $i-- ) {
3114 # Print the command unless it has no arguments.
3115 print $OUT "$i: ", $hist[$i], "\n"
3116 unless $hist[$i] =~ /^.?$/;
3121 =head4 C<man, doc, perldoc> - look up documentation
3123 Just calls C<runman()> to print the appropriate document.
3127 # man, perldoc, doc - show manual pages.
3128 $cmd =~ /^(?:man|(?:perl)?doc)\b(?:\s+([^(]*))?$/ && do {
3135 Builds a C<print EXPR> expression in the C<$cmd>; this will get executed at
3136 the bottom of the loop.
3140 # p - print (no args): print $_.
3141 $cmd =~ s/^p$/print {\$DB::OUT} \$_/;
3143 # p - print the given expression.
3144 $cmd =~ s/^p\b/print {\$DB::OUT} /;
3146 =head4 C<=> - define command alias
3148 Manipulates C<%alias> to add or list command aliases.
3152 # = - set up a command alias.
3153 $cmd =~ s/^=\s*// && do {
3155 if ( length $cmd == 0 ) {
3157 # No args, get current aliases.
3158 @keys = sort keys %alias;
3160 elsif ( my ( $k, $v ) = ( $cmd =~ /^(\S+)\s+(\S.*)/ ) ) {
3162 # Creating a new alias. $k is alias name, $v is
3165 # can't use $_ or kill //g state
3166 for my $x ( $k, $v ) {
3168 # Escape "alarm" characters.
3172 # Substitute key for value, using alarm chars
3173 # as separators (which is why we escaped them in
3175 $alias{$k} = "s\a$k\a$v\a";
3177 # Turn off standard warn and die behavior.
3178 local $SIG{__DIE__};
3179 local $SIG{__WARN__};
3182 unless ( eval "sub { s\a$k\a$v\a }; 1" ) {
3184 # Nope. Bad alias. Say so and get out.
3185 print $OUT "Can't alias $k to $v: $@\n";
3190 # We'll only list the new one.
3192 } ## end elsif (my ($k, $v) = ($cmd...
3194 # The argument is the alias to list.
3202 # Messy metaquoting: Trim the substiution code off.
3203 # We use control-G as the delimiter because it's not
3204 # likely to appear in the alias.
3205 if ( ( my $v = $alias{$k} ) =~ s
\as\a$k\a(.*)\a$
\a1
\a ) {
3208 print $OUT "$k\t= $1\n";
3210 elsif ( defined $alias{$k} ) {
3212 # Couldn't trim it off; just print the alias code.
3213 print $OUT "$k\t$alias{$k}\n";
3218 print "No alias for $k\n";
3220 } ## end for my $k (@keys)
3224 =head4 C<source> - read commands from a file.
3226 Opens a lexical filehandle and stacks it on C<@cmdfhs>; C<DB::readline> will
3231 # source - read commands from a file (or pipe!) and execute.
3232 $cmd =~ /^source\s+(.*\S)/ && do {
3233 if ( open my $fh, $1 ) {
3235 # Opened OK; stick it in the list of file handles.
3241 &warn("Can't execute `$1': $!\n");
3246 =head4 C<save> - send current history to a file
3248 Takes the complete history, (not the shrunken version you see with C<H>),
3249 and saves it to the given filename, so it can be replayed using C<source>.
3251 Note that all C<^(save|source)>'s are commented out with a view to minimise recursion.
3255 # save source - write commands to a file for later use
3256 $cmd =~ /^save\s*(.*)$/ && do {
3257 my $file = $1 || '.perl5dbrc'; # default?
3258 if ( open my $fh, "> $file" ) {
3260 # chomp to remove extraneous newlines from source'd files
3261 chomp( my @truelist =
3262 map { m/^\s*(save|source)/ ? "#$_" : $_ }
3264 print $fh join( "\n", @truelist );
3265 print "commands saved in $file\n";
3268 &warn("Can't save debugger commands in '$1': $!\n");
3273 =head4 C<R> - restart
3275 Restart the debugger session.
3277 =head4 C<rerun> - rerun the current session
3279 Return to any given position in the B<true>-history list
3283 # R - restart execution.
3284 # rerun - controlled restart execution.
3285 $cmd =~ /^(R|rerun\s*(.*))$/ && do {
3286 my @args = ($1 eq 'R' ? restart() : rerun($2));
3288 # Close all non-system fds for a clean restart. A more
3289 # correct method would be to close all fds that were not
3290 # open when the process started, but this seems to be
3291 # hard. See "debugger 'R'estart and open database
3292 # connections" on p5p.
3294 my $max_fd = 1024; # default if POSIX can't be loaded
3295 if (eval { require POSIX }) {
3296 $max_fd = POSIX::sysconf(POSIX::_SC_OPEN_MAX());
3299 if (defined $max_fd) {
3300 foreach ($^F+1 .. $max_fd-1) {
3301 next unless open FD_TO_CLOSE, "<&=$_";
3306 # And run Perl again. We use exec() to keep the
3307 # PID stable (and that way $ini_pids is still valid).
3308 exec(@args) || print $OUT "exec failed: $!\n";
3313 =head4 C<|, ||> - pipe output through the pager.
3315 For C<|>, we save C<OUT> (the debugger's output filehandle) and C<STDOUT>
3316 (the program's standard output). For C<||>, we only save C<OUT>. We open a
3317 pipe to the pager (restoring the output filehandles if this fails). If this
3318 is the C<|> command, we also set up a C<SIGPIPE> handler which will simply
3319 set C<$signal>, sending us back into the debugger.
3321 We then trim off the pipe symbols and C<redo> the command loop at the
3322 C<PIPE> label, causing us to evaluate the command in C<$cmd> without
3327 # || - run command in the pager, with output to DB::OUT.
3328 $cmd =~ /^\|\|?\s*[^|]/ && do {
3329 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
3331 # Default pager is into a pipe. Redirect I/O.
3332 open( SAVEOUT, ">&STDOUT" )
3333 || &warn("Can't save STDOUT");
3334 open( STDOUT, ">&OUT" )
3335 || &warn("Can't redirect STDOUT");
3336 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
3339 # Not into a pipe. STDOUT is safe.
3340 open( SAVEOUT, ">&OUT" ) || &warn("Can't save DB::OUT");
3343 # Fix up environment to record we have less if so.
3346 unless ( $piped = open( OUT, $pager ) ) {
3348 # Couldn't open pipe to pager.
3349 &warn("Can't pipe output to `$pager'");
3350 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
3352 # Redirect I/O back again.
3353 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) # XXX: lost message
3354 || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3355 open( STDOUT, ">&SAVEOUT" )
3356 || &warn("Can't restore STDOUT");
3358 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
3361 # Redirect I/O. STDOUT already safe.
3362 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) # XXX: lost message
3363 || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3366 } ## end unless ($piped = open(OUT,...
3368 # Set up broken-pipe handler if necessary.
3369 $SIG{PIPE} = \&DB::catch
3371 && ( "" eq $SIG{PIPE} || "DEFAULT" eq $SIG{PIPE} );
3373 # Save current filehandle, unbuffer out, and put it back.
3374 $selected = select(OUT);
3377 # Don't put it back if pager was a pipe.
3378 select($selected), $selected = "" unless $cmd =~ /^\|\|/;
3380 # Trim off the pipe symbols and run the command now.
3381 $cmd =~ s/^\|+\s*//;
3385 =head3 END OF COMMAND PARSING
3387 Anything left in C<$cmd> at this point is a Perl expression that we want to
3388 evaluate. We'll always evaluate in the user's context, and fully qualify
3389 any variables we might want to address in the C<DB> package.
3393 # t - turn trace on.
3394 $cmd =~ s/^t\s/\$DB::trace |= 1;\n/;
3396 # s - single-step. Remember the last command was 's'.
3397 $cmd =~ s/^s\s/\$DB::single = 1;\n/ && do { $laststep = 's' };
3399 # n - single-step, but not into subs. Remember last command
3401 $cmd =~ s/^n\s/\$DB::single = 2;\n/ && do { $laststep = 'n' };
3405 # Make sure the flag that says "the debugger's running" is
3406 # still on, to make sure we get control again.
3407 $evalarg = "\$^D = \$^D | \$DB::db_stop;\n$cmd";
3409 # Run *our* eval that executes in the caller's context.
3412 # Turn off the one-time-dump stuff now.
3414 $onetimeDump = undef;
3415 $onetimedumpDepth = undef;
3417 elsif ( $term_pid == $$ ) {
3421 # XXX If this is the master pid, print a newline.
3424 } ## end while (($term || &setterm...
3426 =head3 POST-COMMAND PROCESSING
3428 After each command, we check to see if the command output was piped anywhere.
3429 If so, we go through the necessary code to unhook the pipe and go back to
3430 our standard filehandles for input and output.
3436 # At the end of every command:
3439 # Unhook the pipe mechanism now.
3440 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
3442 # No error from the child.
3445 # we cannot warn here: the handle is missing --tchrist
3446 close(OUT) || print SAVEOUT "\nCan't close DB::OUT\n";
3448 # most of the $? crud was coping with broken cshisms
3449 # $? is explicitly set to 0, so this never runs.
3451 print SAVEOUT "Pager `$pager' failed: ";
3453 print SAVEOUT "shell returned -1\n";
3456 print SAVEOUT ( $? & 127 )
3457 ? " (SIG#" . ( $? & 127 ) . ")"
3458 : "", ( $? & 128 ) ? " -- core dumped" : "", "\n";
3461 print SAVEOUT "status ", ( $? >> 8 ), "\n";
3465 # Reopen filehandle for our output (if we can) and
3466 # restore STDOUT (if we can).
3467 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3468 open( STDOUT, ">&SAVEOUT" )
3469 || &warn("Can't restore STDOUT");
3471 # Turn off pipe exception handler if necessary.
3472 $SIG{PIPE} = "DEFAULT" if $SIG{PIPE} eq \&DB::catch;
3474 # Will stop ignoring SIGPIPE if done like nohup(1)
3475 # does SIGINT but Perl doesn't give us a choice.
3476 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
3479 # Non-piped "pager". Just restore STDOUT.
3480 open( OUT, ">&SAVEOUT" ) || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3483 # Close filehandle pager was using, restore the normal one
3486 select($selected), $selected = "" unless $selected eq "";
3490 } ## end if ($piped)
3493 =head3 COMMAND LOOP TERMINATION
3495 When commands have finished executing, we come here. If the user closed the
3496 input filehandle, we turn on C<$fall_off_end> to emulate a C<q> command. We
3497 evaluate any post-prompt items. We restore C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>,
3498 C<$\>, and C<$^W>, and return a null list as expected by the Perl interpreter.
3499 The interpreter will then execute the next line and then return control to us
3504 # No more commands? Quit.
3505 $fall_off_end = 1 unless defined $cmd; # Emulate `q' on EOF
3507 # Evaluate post-prompt commands.
3508 foreach $evalarg (@$post) {
3511 } # if ($single || $signal)
3513 # Put the user's globals back where you found them.
3514 ( $@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W ) = @saved;
3518 # The following code may be executed now:
3523 C<sub> is called whenever a subroutine call happens in the program being
3524 debugged. The variable C<$DB::sub> contains the name of the subroutine
3527 The core function of this subroutine is to actually call the sub in the proper
3528 context, capturing its output. This of course causes C<DB::DB> to get called
3529 again, repeating until the subroutine ends and returns control to C<DB::sub>
3530 again. Once control returns, C<DB::sub> figures out whether or not to dump the
3531 return value, and returns its captured copy of the return value as its own
3532 return value. The value then feeds back into the program being debugged as if
3533 C<DB::sub> hadn't been there at all.
3535 C<sub> does all the work of printing the subroutine entry and exit messages
3536 enabled by setting C<$frame>. It notes what sub the autoloader got called for,
3537 and also prints the return value if needed (for the C<r> command and if
3538 the 16 bit is set in C<$frame>).
3540 It also tracks the subroutine call depth by saving the current setting of
3541 C<$single> in the C<@stack> package global; if this exceeds the value in
3542 C<$deep>, C<sub> automatically turns on printing of the current depth by
3543 setting the C<4> bit in C<$single>. In any case, it keeps the current setting
3544 of stop/don't stop on entry to subs set as it currently is set.
3546 =head3 C<caller()> support
3548 If C<caller()> is called from the package C<DB>, it provides some
3549 additional data, in the following order:
3555 The package name the sub was in
3557 =item * C<$filename>
3559 The filename it was defined in
3563 The line number it was defined on
3565 =item * C<$subroutine>
3567 The subroutine name; C<(eval)> if an C<eval>().
3571 1 if it has arguments, 0 if not
3573 =item * C<$wantarray>
3575 1 if array context, 0 if scalar context
3577 =item * C<$evaltext>
3579 The C<eval>() text, if any (undefined for C<eval BLOCK>)
3581 =item * C<$is_require>
3583 frame was created by a C<use> or C<require> statement
3587 pragma information; subject to change between versions
3591 pragma information; subject to change between versions
3593 =item * C<@DB::args>
3595 arguments with which the subroutine was invoked
3603 # lock ourselves under threads
3606 # Whether or not the autoloader was running, a scalar to put the
3607 # sub's return value in (if needed), and an array to put the sub's
3608 # return value in (if needed).
3609 my ( $al, $ret, @ret ) = "";
3610 if ($sub =~ /^threads::new$/ && $ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
3611 print "creating new thread\n";
3614 # If the last ten characters are C'::AUTOLOAD', note we've traced
3615 # into AUTOLOAD for $sub.
3616 if ( length($sub) > 10 && substr( $sub, -10, 10 ) eq '::AUTOLOAD' ) {
3620 # We stack the stack pointer and then increment it to protect us
3621 # from a situation that might unwind a whole bunch of call frames
3622 # at once. Localizing the stack pointer means that it will automatically
3623 # unwind the same amount when multiple stack frames are unwound.
3624 local $stack_depth = $stack_depth + 1; # Protect from non-local exits
3627 $#stack = $stack_depth;
3629 # Save current single-step setting.
3630 $stack[-1] = $single;
3632 # Turn off all flags except single-stepping.
3635 # If we've gotten really deeply recursed, turn on the flag that will
3636 # make us stop with the 'deep recursion' message.
3637 $single |= 4 if $stack_depth == $deep;
3639 # If frame messages are on ...
3641 $frame & 4 # Extended frame entry message
3643 print_lineinfo( ' ' x ( $stack_depth - 1 ), "in " ),
3645 # Why -1? But it works! :-(
3646 # Because print_trace will call add 1 to it and then call
3647 # dump_trace; this results in our skipping -1+1 = 0 stack frames
3649 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3651 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x ( $stack_depth - 1 ), "entering $sub$al\n" )
3653 # standard frame entry message
3657 # Determine the sub's return type,and capture approppriately.
3660 # Called in array context. call sub and capture output.
3661 # DB::DB will recursively get control again if appropriate; we'll come
3662 # back here when the sub is finished.
3665 eval { @ret = &$sub; };
3668 $signal = 1 unless $warnassertions;
3675 # Pop the single-step value back off the stack.
3676 $single |= $stack[ $stack_depth-- ];
3678 # Check for exit trace messages...
3680 $frame & 4 # Extended exit message
3682 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "out " ),
3683 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3685 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "exited $sub$al\n" )
3687 # Standard exit message
3691 # Print the return info if we need to.
3692 if ( $doret eq $stack_depth or $frame & 16 ) {
3694 # Turn off output record separator.
3696 my $fh = ( $doret eq $stack_depth ? $OUT : $LINEINFO );
3698 # Indent if we're printing because of $frame tracing.
3699 print $fh ' ' x $stack_depth if $frame & 16;
3701 # Print the return value.
3702 print $fh "list context return from $sub:\n";
3703 dumpit( $fh, \@ret );
3705 # And don't print it again.
3707 } ## end if ($doret eq $stack_depth...
3708 # And we have to return the return value now.
3710 } ## end if (wantarray)
3718 # Save the value if it's wanted at all.
3723 $signal = 1 unless $warnassertions;
3725 $ret = undef unless defined wantarray;
3728 if ( defined wantarray ) {
3730 # Save the value if it's wanted at all.
3735 # Void return, explicitly.
3741 # Pop the single-step value off the stack.
3742 $single |= $stack[ $stack_depth-- ];
3744 # If we're doing exit messages...
3746 $frame & 4 # Extended messsages
3748 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "out " ),
3749 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3751 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "exited $sub$al\n" )
3757 # If we are supposed to show the return value... same as before.
3758 if ( $doret eq $stack_depth or $frame & 16 and defined wantarray ) {
3760 my $fh = ( $doret eq $stack_depth ? $OUT : $LINEINFO );
3761 print $fh ( ' ' x $stack_depth ) if $frame & 16;
3764 ? "scalar context return from $sub: "
3765 : "void context return from $sub\n"
3767 dumpit( $fh, $ret ) if defined wantarray;
3769 } ## end if ($doret eq $stack_depth...
3771 # Return the appropriate scalar value.
3773 } ## end else [ if (wantarray)
3776 =head1 EXTENDED COMMAND HANDLING AND THE COMMAND API
3778 In Perl 5.8.0, there was a major realignment of the commands and what they did,
3779 Most of the changes were to systematize the command structure and to eliminate
3780 commands that threw away user input without checking.
3782 The following sections describe the code added to make it easy to support
3783 multiple command sets with conflicting command names. This section is a start
3784 at unifying all command processing to make it simpler to develop commands.
3786 Note that all the cmd_[a-zA-Z] subroutines require the command name, a line
3787 number, and C<$dbline> (the current line) as arguments.
3789 Support functions in this section which have multiple modes of failure C<die>
3790 on error; the rest simply return a false value.
3792 The user-interface functions (all of the C<cmd_*> functions) just output
3797 The C<%set> hash defines the mapping from command letter to subroutine
3800 C<%set> is a two-level hash, indexed by set name and then by command name.
3801 Note that trying to set the CommandSet to C<foobar> simply results in the
3802 5.8.0 command set being used, since there's no top-level entry for C<foobar>.
3811 'A' => 'pre580_null',
3813 'B' => 'pre580_null',
3814 'd' => 'pre580_null',
3817 'M' => 'pre580_null',
3819 'o' => 'pre580_null',
3825 '<' => 'pre590_prepost',
3826 '<<' => 'pre590_prepost',
3827 '>' => 'pre590_prepost',
3828 '>>' => 'pre590_prepost',
3829 '{' => 'pre590_prepost',
3830 '{{' => 'pre590_prepost',
3834 =head2 C<cmd_wrapper()> (API)
3836 C<cmd_wrapper()> allows the debugger to switch command sets
3837 depending on the value of the C<CommandSet> option.
3839 It tries to look up the command in the C<%set> package-level I<lexical>
3840 (which means external entities can't fiddle with it) and create the name of
3841 the sub to call based on the value found in the hash (if it's there). I<All>
3842 of the commands to be handled in a set have to be added to C<%set>; if they
3843 aren't found, the 5.8.0 equivalent is called (if there is one).
3845 This code uses symbolic references.
3852 my $dblineno = shift;
3854 # Assemble the command subroutine's name by looking up the
3855 # command set and command name in %set. If we can't find it,
3856 # default to the older version of the command.
3858 . ( $set{$CommandSet}{$cmd}
3859 || ( $cmd =~ /^[<>{]+/o ? 'prepost' : $cmd ) );
3861 # Call the command subroutine, call it by name.
3862 return &$call( $cmd, $line, $dblineno );
3863 } ## end sub cmd_wrapper
3865 =head3 C<cmd_a> (command)
3867 The C<a> command handles pre-execution actions. These are associated with a
3868 particular line, so they're stored in C<%dbline>. We default to the current
3869 line if none is specified.
3875 my $line = shift || ''; # [.|line] expr
3878 # If it's dot (here), or not all digits, use the current line.
3879 $line =~ s/^(\.|(?:[^\d]))/$dbline/;
3881 # Should be a line number followed by an expression.
3882 if ( $line =~ /^\s*(\d*)\s*(\S.+)/ ) {
3883 my ( $lineno, $expr ) = ( $1, $2 );
3885 # If we have an expression ...
3886 if ( length $expr ) {
3888 # ... but the line isn't breakable, complain.
3889 if ( $dbline[$lineno] == 0 ) {
3891 "Line $lineno($dbline[$lineno]) does not have an action?\n";
3895 # It's executable. Record that the line has an action.
3896 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 2;
3898 # Remove any action, temp breakpoint, etc.
3899 $dbline{$lineno} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//;
3901 # Add the action to the line.
3902 $dbline{$lineno} .= "\0" . action($expr);
3904 } ## end if (length $expr)
3905 } ## end if ($line =~ /^\s*(\d*)\s*(\S.+)/)
3910 "Adding an action requires an optional lineno and an expression\n"
3915 =head3 C<cmd_A> (command)
3917 Delete actions. Similar to above, except the delete code is in a separate
3918 subroutine, C<delete_action>.
3924 my $line = shift || '';
3928 $line =~ s/^\./$dbline/;
3930 # Call delete_action with a null param to delete them all.
3931 # The '1' forces the eval to be true. It'll be false only
3932 # if delete_action blows up for some reason, in which case
3933 # we print $@ and get out.
3934 if ( $line eq '*' ) {
3935 eval { &delete_action(); 1 } or print $OUT $@ and return;
3938 # There's a real line number. Pass it to delete_action.
3939 # Error trapping is as above.
3940 elsif ( $line =~ /^(\S.*)/ ) {
3941 eval { &delete_action($1); 1 } or print $OUT $@ and return;
3944 # Swing and a miss. Bad syntax.
3947 "Deleting an action requires a line number, or '*' for all\n" ; # hint
3951 =head3 C<delete_action> (API)
3953 C<delete_action> accepts either a line number or C<undef>. If a line number
3954 is specified, we check for the line being executable (if it's not, it
3955 couldn't have had an action). If it is, we just take the action off (this
3956 will get any kind of an action, including breakpoints).
3962 if ( defined($i) ) {
3965 die "Line $i has no action .\n" if $dbline[$i] == 0;
3967 # Nuke whatever's there.
3968 $dbline{$i} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//; # \^a
3969 delete $dbline{$i} if $dbline{$i} eq '';
3972 print $OUT "Deleting all actions...\n";
3973 for my $file ( keys %had_breakpoints ) {
3974 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $file };
3977 for ( $i = 1 ; $i <= $max ; $i++ ) {
3978 if ( defined $dbline{$i} ) {
3979 $dbline{$i} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//;
3980 delete $dbline{$i} if $dbline{$i} eq '';
3982 unless ( $had_breakpoints{$file} &= ~2 ) {
3983 delete $had_breakpoints{$file};
3985 } ## end for ($i = 1 ; $i <= $max...
3986 } ## end for my $file (keys %had_breakpoints)
3987 } ## end else [ if (defined($i))
3988 } ## end sub delete_action
3990 =head3 C<cmd_b> (command)
3992 Set breakpoints. Since breakpoints can be set in so many places, in so many
3993 ways, conditionally or not, the breakpoint code is kind of complex. Mostly,
3994 we try to parse the command type, and then shuttle it off to an appropriate
3995 subroutine to actually do the work of setting the breakpoint in the right
4002 my $line = shift; # [.|line] [cond]
4005 # Make . the current line number if it's there..
4006 $line =~ s/^\./$dbline/;
4008 # No line number, no condition. Simple break on current line.
4009 if ( $line =~ /^\s*$/ ) {
4010 &cmd_b_line( $dbline, 1 );
4013 # Break on load for a file.
4014 elsif ( $line =~ /^load\b\s*(.*)/ ) {
4020 # b compile|postpone <some sub> [<condition>]
4021 # The interpreter actually traps this one for us; we just put the
4022 # necessary condition in the %postponed hash.
4023 elsif ( $line =~ /^(postpone|compile)\b\s*([':A-Za-z_][':\w]*)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4025 # Capture the condition if there is one. Make it true if none.
4026 my $cond = length $3 ? $3 : '1';
4028 # Save the sub name and set $break to 1 if $1 was 'postpone', 0
4029 # if it was 'compile'.
4030 my ( $subname, $break ) = ( $2, $1 eq 'postpone' );
4032 # De-Perl4-ify the name - ' separators to ::.
4033 $subname =~ s/\'/::/g;
4035 # Qualify it into the current package unless it's already qualified.
4036 $subname = "${'package'}::" . $subname unless $subname =~ /::/;
4038 # Add main if it starts with ::.
4039 $subname = "main" . $subname if substr( $subname, 0, 2 ) eq "::";
4041 # Save the break type for this sub.
4042 $postponed{$subname} = $break ? "break +0 if $cond" : "compile";
4043 } ## end elsif ($line =~ ...
4045 # b <sub name> [<condition>]
4046 elsif ( $line =~ /^([':A-Za-z_][':\w]*(?:\[.*\])?)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4050 $cond = length $2 ? $2 : '1';
4051 &cmd_b_sub( $subname, $cond );
4054 # b <line> [<condition>].
4055 elsif ( $line =~ /^(\d*)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4057 # Capture the line. If none, it's the current line.
4058 $line = $1 || $dbline;
4060 # If there's no condition, make it '1'.
4061 $cond = length $2 ? $2 : '1';
4064 &cmd_b_line( $line, $cond );
4067 # Line didn't make sense.
4069 print "confused by line($line)?\n";
4073 =head3 C<break_on_load> (API)
4075 We want to break when this file is loaded. Mark this file in the
4076 C<%break_on_load> hash, and note that it has a breakpoint in
4077 C<%had_breakpoints>.
4083 $break_on_load{$file} = 1;
4084 $had_breakpoints{$file} |= 1;
4087 =head3 C<report_break_on_load> (API)
4089 Gives us an array of filenames that are set to break on load. Note that
4090 only files with break-on-load are in here, so simply showing the keys
4095 sub report_break_on_load {
4096 sort keys %break_on_load;
4099 =head3 C<cmd_b_load> (command)
4101 We take the file passed in and try to find it in C<%INC> (which maps modules
4102 to files they came from). We mark those files for break-on-load via
4103 C<break_on_load> and then report that it was done.
4111 # This is a block because that way we can use a redo inside it
4112 # even without there being any looping structure at all outside it.
4115 # Save short name and full path if found.
4117 push @files, $::INC{$file} if $::INC{$file};
4119 # Tack on .pm and do it again unless there was a '.' in the name
4121 $file .= '.pm', redo unless $file =~ /\./;
4124 # Do the real work here.
4125 break_on_load($_) for @files;
4127 # All the files that have break-on-load breakpoints.
4128 @files = report_break_on_load;
4130 # Normalize for the purposes of our printing this.
4133 print $OUT "Will stop on load of `@files'.\n";
4134 } ## end sub cmd_b_load
4136 =head3 C<$filename_error> (API package global)
4138 Several of the functions we need to implement in the API need to work both
4139 on the current file and on other files. We don't want to duplicate code, so
4140 C<$filename_error> is used to contain the name of the file that's being
4141 worked on (if it's not the current one).
4143 We can now build functions in pairs: the basic function works on the current
4144 file, and uses C<$filename_error> as part of its error message. Since this is
4145 initialized to C<"">, no filename will appear when we are working on the
4148 The second function is a wrapper which does the following:
4154 Localizes C<$filename_error> and sets it to the name of the file to be processed.
4158 Localizes the C<*dbline> glob and reassigns it to point to the file we want to process.
4162 Calls the first function.
4164 The first function works on the I<current> file (i.e., the one we changed to),
4165 and prints C<$filename_error> in the error message (the name of the other file)
4166 if it needs to. When the functions return, C<*dbline> is restored to point
4167 to the actual current file (the one we're executing in) and
4168 C<$filename_error> is restored to C<"">. This restores everything to
4169 the way it was before the second function was called at all.
4171 See the comments in C<breakable_line> and C<breakable_line_in_file> for more
4178 $filename_error = '';
4180 =head3 breakable_line(from, to) (API)
4182 The subroutine decides whether or not a line in the current file is breakable.
4183 It walks through C<@dbline> within the range of lines specified, looking for
4184 the first line that is breakable.
4186 If C<$to> is greater than C<$from>, the search moves forwards, finding the
4187 first line I<after> C<$to> that's breakable, if there is one.
4189 If C<$from> is greater than C<$to>, the search goes I<backwards>, finding the
4190 first line I<before> C<$to> that's breakable, if there is one.
4194 sub breakable_line {
4196 my ( $from, $to ) = @_;
4198 # $i is the start point. (Where are the FORTRAN programs of yesteryear?)
4201 # If there are at least 2 arguments, we're trying to search a range.
4204 # $delta is positive for a forward search, negative for a backward one.
4205 my $delta = $from < $to ? +1 : -1;
4207 # Keep us from running off the ends of the file.
4208 my $limit = $delta > 0 ? $#dbline : 1;
4210 # Clever test. If you're a mathematician, it's obvious why this
4211 # test works. If not:
4212 # If $delta is positive (going forward), $limit will be $#dbline.
4213 # If $to is less than $limit, ($limit - $to) will be positive, times
4214 # $delta of 1 (positive), so the result is > 0 and we should use $to
4215 # as the stopping point.
4217 # If $to is greater than $limit, ($limit - $to) is negative,
4218 # times $delta of 1 (positive), so the result is < 0 and we should
4219 # use $limit ($#dbline) as the stopping point.
4221 # If $delta is negative (going backward), $limit will be 1.
4222 # If $to is zero, ($limit - $to) will be 1, times $delta of -1
4223 # (negative) so the result is > 0, and we use $to as the stopping
4226 # If $to is less than zero, ($limit - $to) will be positive,
4227 # times $delta of -1 (negative), so the result is not > 0, and
4228 # we use $limit (1) as the stopping point.
4230 # If $to is 1, ($limit - $to) will zero, times $delta of -1
4231 # (negative), still giving zero; the result is not > 0, and
4232 # we use $limit (1) as the stopping point.
4234 # if $to is >1, ($limit - $to) will be negative, times $delta of -1
4235 # (negative), giving a positive (>0) value, so we'll set $limit to
4238 $limit = $to if ( $limit - $to ) * $delta > 0;
4240 # The real search loop.
4241 # $i starts at $from (the point we want to start searching from).
4242 # We move through @dbline in the appropriate direction (determined
4243 # by $delta: either -1 (back) or +1 (ahead).
4244 # We stay in as long as we haven't hit an executable line
4245 # ($dbline[$i] == 0 means not executable) and we haven't reached
4246 # the limit yet (test similar to the above).
4247 $i += $delta while $dbline[$i] == 0 and ( $limit - $i ) * $delta > 0;
4249 } ## end if (@_ >= 2)
4251 # If $i points to a line that is executable, return that.
4252 return $i unless $dbline[$i] == 0;
4254 # Format the message and print it: no breakable lines in range.
4255 my ( $pl, $upto ) = ( '', '' );
4256 ( $pl, $upto ) = ( 's', "..$to" ) if @_ >= 2 and $from != $to;
4258 # If there's a filename in filename_error, we'll see it.
4260 die "Line$pl $from$upto$filename_error not breakable\n";
4261 } ## end sub breakable_line
4263 =head3 breakable_line_in_filename(file, from, to) (API)
4265 Like C<breakable_line>, but look in another file.
4269 sub breakable_line_in_filename {
4271 # Capture the file name.
4274 # Swap the magic line array over there temporarily.
4275 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $f };
4277 # If there's an error, it's in this other file.
4278 local $filename_error = " of `$f'";
4280 # Find the breakable line.
4283 # *dbline and $filename_error get restored when this block ends.
4285 } ## end sub breakable_line_in_filename
4287 =head3 break_on_line(lineno, [condition]) (API)
4289 Adds a breakpoint with the specified condition (or 1 if no condition was
4290 specified) to the specified line. Dies if it can't.
4295 my ( $i, $cond ) = @_;
4297 # Always true if no condition supplied.
4298 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 2;
4304 # Woops, not a breakable line. $filename_error allows us to say
4305 # if it was in a different file.
4306 die "Line $i$filename_error not breakable.\n" if $dbline[$i] == 0;
4308 # Mark this file as having breakpoints in it.
4309 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 1;
4311 # If there is an action or condition here already ...
4312 if ( $dbline{$i} ) {
4314 # ... swap this condition for the existing one.
4315 $dbline{$i} =~ s/^[^\0]*/$cond/;
4319 # Nothing here - just add the condition.
4320 $dbline{$i} = $cond;
4322 } ## end sub break_on_line
4324 =head3 cmd_b_line(line, [condition]) (command)
4326 Wrapper for C<break_on_line>. Prints the failure message if it
4332 eval { break_on_line(@_); 1 } or do {
4334 print $OUT $@ and return;
4336 } ## end sub cmd_b_line
4338 =head3 break_on_filename_line(file, line, [condition]) (API)
4340 Switches to the file specified and then calls C<break_on_line> to set
4345 sub break_on_filename_line {
4346 my ( $f, $i, $cond ) = @_;
4348 # Always true if condition left off.
4349 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 3;
4351 # Switch the magical hash temporarily.
4352 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $f };
4354 # Localize the variables that break_on_line uses to make its message.
4355 local $filename_error = " of `$f'";
4356 local $filename = $f;
4358 # Add the breakpoint.
4359 break_on_line( $i, $cond );
4360 } ## end sub break_on_filename_line
4362 =head3 break_on_filename_line_range(file, from, to, [condition]) (API)
4364 Switch to another file, search the range of lines specified for an
4365 executable one, and put a breakpoint on the first one you find.
4369 sub break_on_filename_line_range {
4370 my ( $f, $from, $to, $cond ) = @_;
4372 # Find a breakable line if there is one.
4373 my $i = breakable_line_in_filename( $f, $from, $to );
4375 # Always true if missing.
4376 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 3;
4378 # Add the breakpoint.
4379 break_on_filename_line( $f, $i, $cond );
4380 } ## end sub break_on_filename_line_range
4382 =head3 subroutine_filename_lines(subname, [condition]) (API)
4384 Search for a subroutine within a given file. The condition is ignored.
4385 Uses C<find_sub> to locate the desired subroutine.
4389 sub subroutine_filename_lines {
4390 my ( $subname, $cond ) = @_;
4392 # Returned value from find_sub() is fullpathname:startline-endline.
4393 # The match creates the list (fullpathname, start, end). Falling off
4394 # the end of the subroutine returns this implicitly.
4395 find_sub($subname) =~ /^(.*):(\d+)-(\d+)$/;
4396 } ## end sub subroutine_filename_lines
4398 =head3 break_subroutine(subname) (API)
4400 Places a break on the first line possible in the specified subroutine. Uses
4401 C<subroutine_filename_lines> to find the subroutine, and
4402 C<break_on_filename_line_range> to place the break.
4406 sub break_subroutine {
4407 my $subname = shift;
4409 # Get filename, start, and end.
4410 my ( $file, $s, $e ) = subroutine_filename_lines($subname)
4411 or die "Subroutine $subname not found.\n";
4413 # Null condition changes to '1' (always true).
4414 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 2;
4416 # Put a break the first place possible in the range of lines
4417 # that make up this subroutine.
4418 break_on_filename_line_range( $file, $s, $e, @_ );
4419 } ## end sub break_subroutine
4421 =head3 cmd_b_sub(subname, [condition]) (command)
4423 We take the incoming subroutine name and fully-qualify it as best we can.
4427 =item 1. If it's already fully-qualified, leave it alone.
4429 =item 2. Try putting it in the current package.
4431 =item 3. If it's not there, try putting it in CORE::GLOBAL if it exists there.
4433 =item 4. If it starts with '::', put it in 'main::'.
4437 After all this cleanup, we call C<break_subroutine> to try to set the
4443 my ( $subname, $cond ) = @_;
4445 # Add always-true condition if we have none.
4446 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 2;
4448 # If the subname isn't a code reference, qualify it so that
4449 # break_subroutine() will work right.
4450 unless ( ref $subname eq 'CODE' ) {
4453 $subname =~ s/\'/::/g;
4456 # Put it in this package unless it's already qualified.
4457 $subname = "${'package'}::" . $subname
4458 unless $subname =~ /::/;
4460 # Requalify it into CORE::GLOBAL if qualifying it into this
4461 # package resulted in its not being defined, but only do so
4462 # if it really is in CORE::GLOBAL.
4463 $subname = "CORE::GLOBAL::$s"
4464 if not defined &$subname
4466 and defined &{"CORE::GLOBAL::$s"};