6 our $VERSION = '2.024';
10 C<Socket> - networking constants and support functions
14 C<Socket> a low-level module used by, among other things, the L<IO::Socket>
15 family of modules. The following examples demonstrate some low-level uses but
16 a practical program would likely use the higher-level API provided by
17 C<IO::Socket> or similar instead.
19 use Socket qw(PF_INET SOCK_STREAM pack_sockaddr_in inet_aton);
21 socket(my $socket, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
24 my $port = getservbyname "echo", "tcp";
25 connect($socket, pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton("localhost")))
28 print $socket "Hello, world!\n";
31 See also the L</EXAMPLES> section.
35 This module provides a variety of constants, structure manipulators and other
36 functions related to socket-based networking. The values and functions
37 provided are useful when used in conjunction with Perl core functions such as
38 socket(), setsockopt() and bind(). It also provides several other support
39 functions, mostly for dealing with conversions of network addresses between
40 human-readable and native binary forms, and for hostname resolver operations.
42 Some constants and functions are exported by default by this module; but for
43 backward-compatibility any recently-added symbols are not exported by default
44 and must be requested explicitly. When an import list is provided to the
45 C<use Socket> line, the default exports are not automatically imported. It is
46 therefore best practice to always to explicitly list all the symbols required.
48 Also, some common socket "newline" constants are provided: the constants
49 C<CR>, C<LF>, and C<CRLF>, as well as C<$CR>, C<$LF>, and C<$CRLF>, which map
50 to C<\015>, C<\012>, and C<\015\012>. If you do not want to use the literal
51 characters in your programs, then use the constants provided here. They are
52 not exported by default, but can be imported individually, and with the
55 use Socket qw(:DEFAULT :crlf);
57 $sock->print("GET / HTTP/1.0$CRLF");
59 The entire getaddrinfo() subsystem can be exported using the tag C<:addrinfo>;
60 this exports the getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() functions, and all the
61 C<AI_*>, C<NI_*>, C<NIx_*> and C<EAI_*> constants.
67 In each of the following groups, there may be many more constants provided
68 than just the ones given as examples in the section heading. If the heading
69 ends C<...> then this means there are likely more; the exact constants
70 provided will depend on the OS and headers found at compile-time.
74 =head2 PF_INET, PF_INET6, PF_UNIX, ...
76 Protocol family constants to use as the first argument to socket() or the
77 value of the C<SO_DOMAIN> or C<SO_FAMILY> socket option.
79 =head2 AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, ...
81 Address family constants used by the socket address structures, to pass to
82 such functions as inet_pton() or getaddrinfo(), or are returned by such
83 functions as sockaddr_family().
85 =head2 SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, ...
87 Socket type constants to use as the second argument to socket(), or the value
88 of the C<SO_TYPE> socket option.
90 =head2 SOCK_NONBLOCK. SOCK_CLOEXEC
92 Linux-specific shortcuts to specify the C<O_NONBLOCK> and C<FD_CLOEXEC> flags
93 during a C<socket(2)> call.
95 socket( my $sockh, PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0 )
99 Socket option level constant for setsockopt() and getsockopt().
101 =head2 SO_ACCEPTCONN, SO_BROADCAST, SO_ERROR, ...
103 Socket option name constants for setsockopt() and getsockopt() at the
106 =head2 IP_OPTIONS, IP_TOS, IP_TTL, ...
108 Socket option name constants for IPv4 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IP>
111 =head2 IP_PMTUDISC_WANT, IP_PMTUDISC_DONT, ...
113 Socket option value contants for C<IP_MTU_DISCOVER> socket option.
115 =head2 IPTOS_LOWDELAY, IPTOS_THROUGHPUT, IPTOS_RELIABILITY, ...
117 Socket option value constants for C<IP_TOS> socket option.
119 =head2 MSG_BCAST, MSG_OOB, MSG_TRUNC, ...
121 Message flag constants for send() and recv().
123 =head2 SHUT_RD, SHUT_RDWR, SHUT_WR
125 Direction constants for shutdown().
127 =head2 INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE
129 Constants giving the special C<AF_INET> addresses for wildcard, broadcast,
130 local loopback, and invalid addresses.
132 Normally equivalent to inet_aton('0.0.0.0'), inet_aton('255.255.255.255'),
133 inet_aton('localhost') and inet_aton('255.255.255.255') respectively.
135 =head2 IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_TCP, ...
137 IP protocol constants to use as the third argument to socket(), the level
138 argument to getsockopt() or setsockopt(), or the value of the C<SO_PROTOCOL>
141 =head2 TCP_CORK, TCP_KEEPALIVE, TCP_NODELAY, ...
143 Socket option name constants for TCP socket options at the C<IPPROTO_TCP>
146 =head2 IN6ADDR_ANY, IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
148 Constants giving the special C<AF_INET6> addresses for wildcard and local
151 Normally equivalent to inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::") and
152 inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::1") respectively.
154 =head2 IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_MTU, IPV6_V6ONLY, ...
156 Socket option name constants for IPv6 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IPV6>
161 # Still undocumented: SCM_*, SOMAXCONN, IOV_MAX, UIO_MAXIOV
163 =head1 STRUCTURE MANIPULATORS
165 The following functions convert between lists of Perl values and packed binary
166 strings representing structures.
170 =head2 $family = sockaddr_family $sockaddr
172 Takes a packed socket address (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
173 pack_sockaddr_un() or the perl builtin functions getsockname() and
174 getpeername()). Returns the address family tag. This will be one of the
175 C<AF_*> constants, such as C<AF_INET> for a C<sockaddr_in> addresses or
176 C<AF_UNIX> for a C<sockaddr_un>. It can be used to figure out what unpack to
177 use for a sockaddr of unknown type.
179 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
181 Takes two arguments, a port number and an opaque string (as returned by
182 inet_aton(), or a v-string). Returns the C<sockaddr_in> structure with those
183 arguments packed in and C<AF_INET> filled in. For Internet domain sockets,
184 this structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(),
185 connect(), and send().
187 An undefined $port argument is taken as zero; an undefined $ip_address is
188 considered a fatal error.
190 =head2 ($port, $ip_address) = unpack_sockaddr_in $sockaddr
192 Takes a C<sockaddr_in> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
193 getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of two elements: the port and an
194 opaque string representing the IP address (you can use inet_ntoa() to convert
195 the address to the four-dotted numeric format). Will croak if the structure
196 does not represent an C<AF_INET> address.
198 In scalar context will return just the IP address.
200 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
202 =head2 ($port, $ip_address) = sockaddr_in $sockaddr
204 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in(). In list context,
205 unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the port and IP address.
206 In scalar context, packs its port and IP address arguments as a C<sockaddr_in>
209 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
210 pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in() explicitly.
212 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
214 Takes two to four arguments, a port number, an opaque string (as returned by
215 inet_pton()), optionally a scope ID number, and optionally a flow label
216 number. Returns the C<sockaddr_in6> structure with those arguments packed in
217 and C<AF_INET6> filled in. IPv6 equivalent of pack_sockaddr_in().
219 An undefined $port argument is taken as zero; an undefined $ip6_address is
220 considered a fatal error.
222 =head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = unpack_sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
224 Takes a C<sockaddr_in6> structure. Returns a list of four elements: the port
225 number, an opaque string representing the IPv6 address, the scope ID, and the
226 flow label. (You can use inet_ntop() to convert the address to the usual
227 string format). Will croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_INET6>
230 In scalar context will return just the IP address.
232 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
234 =head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
236 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In list context,
237 unpacks its argument according to unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In scalar context,
238 packs its arguments according to pack_sockaddr_in6().
240 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
241 pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6() explicitly.
243 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_un $path
245 Takes one argument, a pathname. Returns the C<sockaddr_un> structure with that
246 path packed in with C<AF_UNIX> filled in. For C<PF_UNIX> sockets, this
247 structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(), connect(),
250 =head2 ($path) = unpack_sockaddr_un $sockaddr
252 Takes a C<sockaddr_un> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_un(),
253 getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of one element: the pathname. Will
254 croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_UNIX> address.
256 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_un $path
258 =head2 ($path) = sockaddr_un $sockaddr
260 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un(). In a list context,
261 unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the pathname. In a
262 scalar context, packs its pathname as a C<sockaddr_un> and returns it.
264 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
265 pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un() explicitly.
267 These are only supported if your system has E<lt>F<sys/un.h>E<gt>.
269 =head2 $ip_mreq = pack_ip_mreq $multiaddr, $interface
271 Takes an IPv4 multicast address and optionally an interface address (or
272 C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq> structure with those arguments packed
273 in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP>
276 =head2 ($multiaddr, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq $ip_mreq
278 Takes an C<ip_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv4
279 multicast address and interface address.
281 =head2 $ip_mreq_source = pack_ip_mreq_source $multiaddr, $source, $interface
283 Takes an IPv4 multicast address, source address, and optionally an interface
284 address (or C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq_source> structure with those
285 arguments packed in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP>
286 and C<IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
288 =head2 ($multiaddr, $source, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq_source $ip_mreq
290 Takes an C<ip_mreq_source> structure. Returns a list of three elements; the
291 IPv4 multicast address, source address and interface address.
293 =head2 $ipv6_mreq = pack_ipv6_mreq $multiaddr6, $ifindex
295 Takes an IPv6 multicast address and an interface number. Returns the
296 C<ipv6_mreq> structure with those arguments packed in. Suitable for use with
297 the C<IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
299 =head2 ($multiaddr6, $ifindex) = unpack_ipv6_mreq $ipv6_mreq
301 Takes an C<ipv6_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv6
302 address and an interface number.
310 =head2 $ip_address = inet_aton $string
312 Takes a string giving the name of a host, or a textual representation of an IP
313 address and translates that to an packed binary address structure suitable to
314 pass to pack_sockaddr_in(). If passed a hostname that cannot be resolved,
315 returns C<undef>. For multi-homed hosts (hosts with more than one address),
316 the first address found is returned.
318 For portability do not assume that the result of inet_aton() is 32 bits wide,
319 in other words, that it would contain only the IPv4 address in network order.
321 This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
322 code should use getaddrinfo() or inet_pton() instead for IPv6 support.
324 =head2 $string = inet_ntoa $ip_address
326 Takes a packed binary address structure such as returned by
327 unpack_sockaddr_in() (or a v-string representing the four octets of the IPv4
328 address in network order) and translates it into a string of the form
329 C<d.d.d.d> where the C<d>s are numbers less than 256 (the normal
330 human-readable four dotted number notation for Internet addresses).
332 This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
333 code should use getnameinfo() or inet_ntop() instead for IPv6 support.
335 =head2 $address = inet_pton $family, $string
337 Takes an address family (such as C<AF_INET> or C<AF_INET6>) and a string
338 containing a textual representation of an address in that family and
339 translates that to an packed binary address structure.
341 See also getaddrinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to look up
342 socket addresses given hostnames or textual addresses.
344 =head2 $string = inet_ntop $family, $address
346 Takes an address family and a packed binary address structure and translates
347 it into a human-readable textual representation of the address; typically in
348 C<d.d.d.d> form for C<AF_INET> or C<hhhh:hhhh::hhhh> form for C<AF_INET6>.
350 See also getnameinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to turn
351 socket addresses into human-readable textual representations.
353 =head2 ($err, @result) = getaddrinfo $host, $service, [$hints]
355 Given both a hostname and service name, this function attempts to resolve the
356 host name into a list of network addresses, and the service name into a
357 protocol and port number, and then returns a list of address structures
358 suitable to connect() to it.
360 Given just a host name, this function attempts to resolve it to a list of
361 network addresses, and then returns a list of address structures giving these
364 Given just a service name, this function attempts to resolve it to a protocol
365 and port number, and then returns a list of address structures that represent
366 it suitable to bind() to. This use should be combined with the C<AI_PASSIVE>
369 Given neither name, it generates an error.
371 If present, $hints should be a reference to a hash, where the following keys
378 A bitfield containing C<AI_*> constants; see below.
382 Restrict to only generating addresses in this address family
384 =item socktype => INT
386 Restrict to only generating addresses of this socket type
388 =item protocol => INT
390 Restrict to only generating addresses for this protocol
394 The return value will be a list; the first value being an error indication,
395 followed by a list of address structures (if no error occurred).
397 The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EAI_*> error constants,
398 or printable as a human-readable error message string. If no error occurred it
399 will be zero numerically and an empty string.
401 Each value in the results list will be a hash reference containing the following
408 The address family (e.g. C<AF_INET>)
410 =item socktype => INT
412 The socket type (e.g. C<SOCK_STREAM>)
414 =item protocol => INT
416 The protocol (e.g. C<IPPROTO_TCP>)
420 The address in a packed string (such as would be returned by
423 =item canonname => STRING
425 The canonical name for the host if the C<AI_CANONNAME> flag was provided, or
426 C<undef> otherwise. This field will only be present on the first returned
431 The following flag constants are recognised in the $hints hash. Other flag
432 constants may exist as provided by the OS.
438 Indicates that this resolution is for a local bind() for a passive (i.e.
439 listening) socket, rather than an active (i.e. connecting) socket.
443 Indicates that the caller wishes the canonical hostname (C<canonname>) field
444 of the result to be filled in.
448 Indicates that the caller will pass a numeric address, rather than a hostname,
449 and that getaddrinfo() must not perform a resolve operation on this name. This
450 flag will prevent a possibly-slow network lookup operation, and instead return
451 an error if a hostname is passed.
455 =head2 ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo $sockaddr, [$flags, [$xflags]]
457 Given a packed socket address (such as from getsockname(), getpeername(), or
458 returned by getaddrinfo() in a C<addr> field), returns the hostname and
459 symbolic service name it represents. $flags may be a bitmask of C<NI_*>
460 constants, or defaults to 0 if unspecified.
462 The return value will be a list; the first value being an error condition,
463 followed by the hostname and service name.
465 The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EAI_*> error constants,
466 or printable as a human-readable error message string. The host and service
467 names will be plain strings.
469 The following flag constants are recognised as $flags. Other flag constants may
470 exist as provided by the OS.
476 Requests that a human-readable string representation of the numeric address be
477 returned directly, rather than performing a name resolve operation that may
478 convert it into a hostname. This will also avoid potentially-blocking network
483 Requests that the port number be returned directly as a number representation
484 rather than performing a name resolve operation that may convert it into a
489 If a name resolve operation fails to provide a name, then this flag will cause
490 getnameinfo() to indicate an error, rather than returning the numeric
491 representation as a human-readable string.
495 Indicates that the socket address relates to a C<SOCK_DGRAM> socket, for the
496 services whose name differs between TCP and UDP protocols.
500 The following constants may be supplied as $xflags.
506 Indicates that the caller is not interested in the hostname of the result, so
507 it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the hostname.
511 Indicates that the caller is not interested in the service name of the result,
512 so it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the service
517 =head1 getaddrinfo() / getnameinfo() ERROR CONSTANTS
519 The following constants may be returned by getaddrinfo() or getnameinfo().
520 Others may be provided by the OS.
526 A temporary failure occurred during name resolution. The operation may be
527 successful if it is retried later.
531 The value of the C<flags> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the $flags parameter to
532 getnameinfo() contains unrecognised flags.
536 The C<family> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the family of the socket address
537 passed to getnameinfo() is not supported.
541 The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() did not provide any usable address
546 The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() does not exist, or the address
547 supplied to getnameinfo() is not associated with a host name and the
548 C<NI_NAMEREQD> flag was supplied.
552 The service name supplied to getaddrinfo() is not available for the socket
553 type given in the $hints.
561 =head2 Lookup for connect()
563 The getaddrinfo() function converts a hostname and a service name into a list
564 of structures, each containing a potential way to connect() to the named
565 service on the named host.
568 use Socket qw(SOCK_STREAM getaddrinfo);
570 my %hints = (socktype => SOCK_STREAM);
571 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo("localhost", "echo", \%hints);
572 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
576 foreach my $ai (@res) {
577 my $candidate = IO::Socket->new();
579 $candidate->socket($ai->{family}, $ai->{socktype}, $ai->{protocol})
582 $candidate->connect($ai->{addr})
589 die "Cannot connect to localhost:echo" unless $sock;
591 $sock->print("Hello, world!\n");
594 Because a list of potential candidates is returned, the C<while> loop tries
595 each in turn until it finds one that succeeds both the socket() and connect()
598 This function performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname(),
599 getservbyname(), inet_aton() and pack_sockaddr_in().
601 In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
603 =head2 Making a human-readable string out of an address
605 The getnameinfo() function converts a socket address, such as returned by
606 getsockname() or getpeername(), into a pair of human-readable strings
607 representing the address and service name.
610 use Socket qw(getnameinfo);
612 my $server = IO::Socket::IP->new(LocalPort => 12345, Listen => 1) or
613 die "Cannot listen - $@";
615 my $socket = $server->accept or die "accept: $!";
617 my ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo($socket->peername);
618 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
620 print "The peer is connected from $hostname\n";
622 Since in this example only the hostname was used, the redundant conversion of
623 the port number into a service name may be omitted by passing the
626 use Socket qw(getnameinfo NIx_NOSERV);
628 my ($err, $hostname) = getnameinfo($socket->peername, 0, NIx_NOSERV);
630 This function performs the work of the legacy functions unpack_sockaddr_in(),
631 inet_ntoa(), gethostbyaddr() and getservbyport().
633 In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
635 =head2 Resolving hostnames into IP addresses
637 To turn a hostname into a human-readable plain IP address use getaddrinfo()
638 to turn the hostname into a list of socket structures, then getnameinfo() on
639 each one to make it a readable IP address again.
641 use Socket qw(:addrinfo SOCK_RAW);
643 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo($hostname, "", {socktype => SOCK_RAW});
644 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
646 while( my $ai = shift @res ) {
647 my ($err, $ipaddr) = getnameinfo($ai->{addr}, NI_NUMERICHOST, NIx_NOSERV);
648 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
653 The C<socktype> hint to getaddrinfo() filters the results to only include one
654 socket type and protocol. Without this most OSes return three combinations,
655 for C<SOCK_STREAM>, C<SOCK_DGRAM> and C<SOCK_RAW>, resulting in triplicate
656 output of addresses. The C<NI_NUMERICHOST> flag to getnameinfo() causes it to
657 return a string-formatted plain IP address, rather than reverse resolving it
658 back into a hostname.
660 This combination performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname()
663 =head2 Accessing socket options
665 The many C<SO_*> and other constants provide the socket option names for
666 getsockopt() and setsockopt().
668 use IO::Socket::INET;
669 use Socket qw(SOL_SOCKET SO_RCVBUF IPPROTO_IP IP_TTL);
671 my $socket = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalPort => 0, Proto => 'udp')
672 or die "Cannot create socket: $@";
674 $socket->setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, 64*1024) or
675 die "setsockopt: $!";
677 print "Receive buffer is ", $socket->getsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF),
680 print "IP TTL is ", $socket->getsockopt(IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL), "\n";
682 As a convenience, L<IO::Socket>'s setsockopt() method will convert a number
683 into a packed byte buffer, and getsockopt() will unpack a byte buffer of the
684 correct size back into a number.
690 This module was originally maintained in Perl core by the Perl 5 Porters.
692 It was extracted to dual-life on CPAN at version 1.95 by
693 Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>
698 use warnings::register;
702 our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
704 # <@Nicholas> you can't change @EXPORT without breaking the implicit API
705 # Please put any new constants in @EXPORT_OK!
707 # List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
708 # consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
710 PF_802 PF_AAL PF_APPLETALK PF_CCITT PF_CHAOS PF_CTF PF_DATAKIT
711 PF_DECnet PF_DLI PF_ECMA PF_GOSIP PF_HYLINK PF_IMPLINK PF_INET PF_INET6
712 PF_ISO PF_KEY PF_LAST PF_LAT PF_LINK PF_MAX PF_NBS PF_NIT PF_NS PF_OSI
713 PF_OSINET PF_PUP PF_ROUTE PF_SNA PF_UNIX PF_UNSPEC PF_USER PF_WAN
716 AF_802 AF_AAL AF_APPLETALK AF_CCITT AF_CHAOS AF_CTF AF_DATAKIT
717 AF_DECnet AF_DLI AF_ECMA AF_GOSIP AF_HYLINK AF_IMPLINK AF_INET AF_INET6
718 AF_ISO AF_KEY AF_LAST AF_LAT AF_LINK AF_MAX AF_NBS AF_NIT AF_NS AF_OSI
719 AF_OSINET AF_PUP AF_ROUTE AF_SNA AF_UNIX AF_UNSPEC AF_USER AF_WAN
722 SOCK_DGRAM SOCK_RAW SOCK_RDM SOCK_SEQPACKET SOCK_STREAM
726 SO_ACCEPTCONN SO_ATTACH_FILTER SO_BACKLOG SO_BROADCAST SO_CHAMELEON
727 SO_DEBUG SO_DETACH_FILTER SO_DGRAM_ERRIND SO_DOMAIN SO_DONTLINGER
728 SO_DONTROUTE SO_ERROR SO_FAMILY SO_KEEPALIVE SO_LINGER SO_OOBINLINE
729 SO_PASSCRED SO_PASSIFNAME SO_PEERCRED SO_PROTOCOL SO_PROTOTYPE
730 SO_RCVBUF SO_RCVLOWAT SO_RCVTIMEO SO_REUSEADDR SO_REUSEPORT
731 SO_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_NETWORK
732 SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_TRANSPORT SO_SNDBUF SO_SNDLOWAT SO_SNDTIMEO
733 SO_STATE SO_TYPE SO_USELOOPBACK SO_XOPEN SO_XSE
735 IP_HDRINCL IP_OPTIONS IP_RECVOPTS IP_RECVRETOPTS IP_RETOPTS IP_TOS
738 MSG_BCAST MSG_BTAG MSG_CTLFLAGS MSG_CTLIGNORE MSG_CTRUNC MSG_DONTROUTE
739 MSG_DONTWAIT MSG_EOF MSG_EOR MSG_ERRQUEUE MSG_ETAG MSG_FASTOPEN MSG_FIN
740 MSG_MAXIOVLEN MSG_MCAST MSG_NOSIGNAL MSG_OOB MSG_PEEK MSG_PROXY MSG_RST
741 MSG_SYN MSG_TRUNC MSG_URG MSG_WAITALL MSG_WIRE
743 SHUT_RD SHUT_RDWR SHUT_WR
745 INADDR_ANY INADDR_BROADCAST INADDR_LOOPBACK INADDR_NONE
747 SCM_CONNECT SCM_CREDENTIALS SCM_CREDS SCM_RIGHTS SCM_TIMESTAMP
755 pack_sockaddr_in unpack_sockaddr_in sockaddr_in
756 pack_sockaddr_in6 unpack_sockaddr_in6 sockaddr_in6
757 pack_sockaddr_un unpack_sockaddr_un sockaddr_un
762 # List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
763 # consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
765 CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF
767 SOCK_NONBLOCK SOCK_CLOEXEC
769 IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT
770 IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_FREEBIND
771 IP_MULTICAST_ALL IP_MULTICAST_IF IP_MULTICAST_LOOP IP_MULTICAST_TTL
772 IP_MTU IP_MTU_DISCOVER IP_NODEFRAG IP_RECVERR IP_TRANSPARENT
774 IPPROTO_IP IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_RAW IPPROTO_ICMP IPPROTO_IGMP
775 IPPROTO_TCP IPPROTO_UDP IPPROTO_GRE IPPROTO_ESP IPPROTO_AH
778 IP_PMTUDISC_DO IP_PMTUDISC_DONT IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE IP_PMTUDISC_WANT
780 IPTOS_LOWDELAY IPTOS_THROUGHPUT IPTOS_RELIABILITY IPTOS_MINCOST
782 TCP_CONGESTION TCP_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT TCP_CORK TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT
783 TCP_FASTOPEN TCP_INFO TCP_INIT_CWND TCP_KEEPALIVE TCP_KEEPCNT
784 TCP_KEEPIDLE TCP_KEEPINTVL TCP_LINGER2 TCP_MAXRT TCP_MAXSEG
785 TCP_MD5SIG TCP_NODELAY TCP_NOOPT TCP_NOPUSH TCP_QUICKACK
786 TCP_SACK_ENABLE TCP_STDURG TCP_SYNCNT TCP_WINDOW_CLAMP
788 IN6ADDR_ANY IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
790 IPV6_ADDRFROM IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_JOIN_GROUP
791 IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP IPV6_MTU IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS
792 IPV6_MULTICAST_IF IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP IPV6_RECVERR IPV6_ROUTER_ALERT
793 IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS IPV6_V6ONLY
795 SO_LOCK_FILTER SO_RCVBUFFORCE SO_SNDBUFFORCE
797 pack_ip_mreq unpack_ip_mreq pack_ip_mreq_source unpack_ip_mreq_source
799 pack_ipv6_mreq unpack_ipv6_mreq
803 getaddrinfo getnameinfo
805 AI_ADDRCONFIG AI_ALL AI_CANONIDN AI_CANONNAME AI_IDN
806 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES AI_NUMERICHOST
807 AI_NUMERICSERV AI_PASSIVE AI_V4MAPPED
809 NI_DGRAM NI_IDN NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES
810 NI_NAMEREQD NI_NOFQDN NI_NUMERICHOST NI_NUMERICSERV
812 NIx_NOHOST NIx_NOSERV
814 EAI_ADDRFAMILY EAI_AGAIN EAI_BADFLAGS EAI_BADHINTS EAI_FAIL EAI_FAMILY
815 EAI_NODATA EAI_NONAME EAI_PROTOCOL EAI_SERVICE EAI_SOCKTYPE EAI_SYSTEM
819 crlf => [qw(CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF)],
820 addrinfo => [qw(getaddrinfo getnameinfo), grep m/^(?:AI|NI|NIx|EAI)_/, @EXPORT_OK],
821 all => [@EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK],
827 sub CRLF () {"\015\012"}
829 # These are not gni() constants; they're extensions for the perl API
830 # The definitions in Socket.pm and Socket.xs must match
831 sub NIx_NOHOST() {1 << 0}
832 sub NIx_NOSERV() {1 << 1}
840 if (@_ == 6 && !wantarray) { # perl5.001m compat; use this && die
841 my($af, $port, @quad) = @_;
842 warnings::warn "6-ARG sockaddr_in call is deprecated"
843 if warnings::enabled();
844 pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton(join('.', @quad)));
845 } elsif (wantarray) {
846 croak "usage: (port,iaddr) = sockaddr_in(sin_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
847 unpack_sockaddr_in(@_);
849 croak "usage: sin_sv = sockaddr_in(port,iaddr))" unless @_ == 2;
850 pack_sockaddr_in(@_);
856 croak "usage: (port,in6addr,scope_id,flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6(sin6_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
857 unpack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
860 croak "usage: sin6_sv = sockaddr_in6(port,in6addr,[scope_id,[flowinfo]])" unless @_ >= 2 and @_ <= 4;
861 pack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
867 croak "usage: (filename) = sockaddr_un(sun_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
868 unpack_sockaddr_un(@_);
870 croak "usage: sun_sv = sockaddr_un(filename)" unless @_ == 1;
871 pack_sockaddr_un(@_);
875 XSLoader::load(__PACKAGE__, $VERSION);
879 if( defined &getaddrinfo ) {
880 # These are not part of the API, nothing uses them, and deleting them
881 # reduces the size of %Socket:: by about 12K
882 delete $Socket::{fake_getaddrinfo};
883 delete $Socket::{fake_getnameinfo};
885 require Scalar::Util;
887 *getaddrinfo = \&fake_getaddrinfo;
888 *getnameinfo = \&fake_getnameinfo;
890 # These numbers borrowed from GNU libc's implementation, but since
891 # they're only used by our emulation, it doesn't matter if the real
892 # platform's values differ
900 # RFC 2553 doesn't define this but Linux does - lets be nice and
901 # provide it since we can
902 AI_NUMERICSERV => 1024,
916 # Constants we don't support. Export them, but croak if anyone tries to
920 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 256,
921 AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 512,
923 NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 64,
924 NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 128,
926 # Error constants we'll never return, so it doesn't matter what value
927 # these have, nor that we don't provide strings for them
929 EAI_BADHINTS => -1000,
930 EAI_PROTOCOL => -1001
933 foreach my $name ( keys %constants ) {
934 my $value = $constants{$name};
937 defined &$name or *$name = sub () { $value };
941 # These strings from RFC 2553
942 EAI_BADFLAGS() => "invalid value for ai_flags",
943 EAI_NONAME() => "nodename nor servname provided, or not known",
944 EAI_NODATA() => "no address associated with nodename",
945 EAI_FAMILY() => "ai_family not supported",
946 EAI_SERVICE() => "servname not supported for ai_socktype",
950 # The following functions are used if the system does not have a
951 # getaddrinfo(3) function in libc; and are used to emulate it for the AF_INET
954 # Borrowed from Regexp::Common::net
955 my $REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL = qr/25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}/;
956 my $REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD = qr/$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL/;
961 my $errstr = $errno == 0 ? "" : ( $errstr{$errno} || $errno );
962 return Scalar::Util::dualvar( $errno, $errstr );
967 my ( $node, $service, $hints ) = @_;
969 $node = "" unless defined $node;
971 $service = "" unless defined $service;
973 my ( $family, $socktype, $protocol, $flags ) = @$hints{qw( family socktype protocol flags )};
975 $family ||= Socket::AF_INET(); # 0 == AF_UNSPEC, which we want too
976 $family == Socket::AF_INET() or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
984 my $flag_passive = $flags & AI_PASSIVE(); $flags &= ~AI_PASSIVE();
985 my $flag_canonname = $flags & AI_CANONNAME(); $flags &= ~AI_CANONNAME();
986 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & AI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICHOST();
987 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & AI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICSERV();
989 # These constants don't apply to AF_INET-only lookups, so we might as well
990 # just ignore them. For AI_ADDRCONFIG we just presume the host has ability
991 # to talk AF_INET. If not we'd have to return no addresses at all. :)
992 $flags &= ~(AI_V4MAPPED()|AI_ALL()|AI_ADDRCONFIG());
994 $flags & (AI_IDN()|AI_CANONIDN()|AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
995 croak "Socket::getaddrinfo() does not support IDN";
997 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
999 $node eq "" and $service eq "" and return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
1004 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numerichost and $node !~ m/^$REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD$/ );
1005 ( $canonname, undef, undef, undef, @addrs ) = gethostbyname( $node );
1006 defined $canonname or return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
1008 undef $canonname unless $flag_canonname;
1011 $addrs[0] = $flag_passive ? Socket::inet_aton( "0.0.0.0" )
1012 : Socket::inet_aton( "127.0.0.1" );
1015 my @ports; # Actually ARRAYrefs of [ socktype, protocol, port ]
1018 $protname = eval { getprotobynumber( $protocol ) };
1021 if( $service ne "" and $service !~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
1022 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numericserv );
1023 getservbyname( $service, $protname ) or return fake_makeerr( EAI_SERVICE() );
1026 foreach my $this_socktype ( Socket::SOCK_STREAM(), Socket::SOCK_DGRAM(), Socket::SOCK_RAW() ) {
1027 next if $socktype and $this_socktype != $socktype;
1029 my $this_protname = "raw";
1030 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_STREAM() and $this_protname = "tcp";
1031 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_DGRAM() and $this_protname = "udp";
1033 next if $protname and $this_protname ne $protname;
1036 if( $service ne "" ) {
1037 if( $service =~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
1041 ( undef, undef, $port, $this_protname ) = getservbyname( $service, $this_protname );
1042 next unless defined $port;
1049 push @ports, [ $this_socktype, eval { scalar getprotobyname( $this_protname ) } || 0, $port ];
1053 foreach my $addr ( @addrs ) {
1054 foreach my $portspec ( @ports ) {
1055 my ( $socktype, $protocol, $port ) = @$portspec;
1058 socktype => $socktype,
1059 protocol => $protocol,
1060 addr => Socket::pack_sockaddr_in( $port, $addr ),
1066 # Only supply canonname for the first result
1067 if( defined $canonname ) {
1068 $ret[0]->{canonname} = $canonname;
1071 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), @ret );
1074 sub fake_getnameinfo
1076 my ( $addr, $flags, $xflags ) = @_;
1078 my ( $port, $inetaddr );
1079 eval { ( $port, $inetaddr ) = Socket::unpack_sockaddr_in( $addr ) }
1080 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
1082 my $family = Socket::AF_INET();
1086 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & NI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICHOST();
1087 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & NI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICSERV();
1088 my $flag_nofqdn = $flags & NI_NOFQDN(); $flags &= ~NI_NOFQDN();
1089 my $flag_namereqd = $flags & NI_NAMEREQD(); $flags &= ~NI_NAMEREQD();
1090 my $flag_dgram = $flags & NI_DGRAM() ; $flags &= ~NI_DGRAM();
1092 $flags & (NI_IDN()|NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
1093 croak "Socket::getnameinfo() does not support IDN";
1095 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
1100 if( $xflags & NIx_NOHOST ) {
1103 elsif( $flag_numerichost ) {
1104 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1107 $node = gethostbyaddr( $inetaddr, $family );
1108 if( !defined $node ) {
1109 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if $flag_namereqd;
1110 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1112 elsif( $flag_nofqdn ) {
1113 my ( $shortname ) = split m/\./, $node;
1114 my ( $fqdn ) = gethostbyname $shortname;
1115 $node = $shortname if defined $fqdn and $fqdn eq $node;
1120 if( $xflags & NIx_NOSERV ) {
1123 elsif( $flag_numericserv ) {
1127 my $protname = $flag_dgram ? "udp" : "";
1128 $service = getservbyport( $port, $protname );
1129 if( !defined $service ) {
1134 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), $node, $service );