3 * This file contains definitions for use with the UTF-8 encoding. It
4 * actually also works with the variant UTF-8 encoding called UTF-EBCDIC, and
5 * hides almost all of the differences between these from the caller. In other
6 * words, someone should #include this file, and if the code is being compiled
7 * on an EBCDIC platform, things should mostly just work.
9 * Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009,
10 * 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
12 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
13 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
17 #ifndef PERL_UTF8_H_ /* Guard against recursive inclusion */
18 #define PERL_UTF8_H_ 1
20 /* Use UTF-8 as the default script encoding?
21 * Turning this on will break scripts having non-UTF-8 binary
22 * data (such as Latin-1) in string literals. */
23 #ifdef USE_UTF8_SCRIPTS
24 # define USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES (!IN_BYTES)
26 # define USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES (PL_hints & HINT_UTF8)
29 #include "regcharclass.h"
30 #include "unicode_constants.h"
32 /* For to_utf8_fold_flags, q.v. */
33 #define FOLD_FLAGS_LOCALE 0x1
34 #define FOLD_FLAGS_FULL 0x2
35 #define FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII 0x4
38 =head1 Unicode Support
39 L<perlguts/Unicode Support> has an introduction to this API.
41 See also L</Character classification>,
42 and L</Character case changing>.
43 Various functions outside this section also work specially with Unicode.
44 Search for the string "utf8" in this document.
46 =for apidoc is_ascii_string
48 This is a misleadingly-named synonym for L</is_utf8_invariant_string>.
49 On ASCII-ish platforms, the name isn't misleading: the ASCII-range characters
50 are exactly the UTF-8 invariants. But EBCDIC machines have more invariants
51 than just the ASCII characters, so C<is_utf8_invariant_string> is preferred.
53 =for apidoc is_invariant_string
55 This is a somewhat misleadingly-named synonym for L</is_utf8_invariant_string>.
56 C<is_utf8_invariant_string> is preferred, as it indicates under what conditions
57 the string is invariant.
61 #define is_ascii_string(s, len) is_utf8_invariant_string(s, len)
62 #define is_invariant_string(s, len) is_utf8_invariant_string(s, len)
64 #define uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags(d,uv,flags) \
65 uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags_msgs(d, uv, flags, 0)
66 #define uvchr_to_utf8(a,b) uvchr_to_utf8_flags(a,b,0)
67 #define uvchr_to_utf8_flags(d,uv,flags) \
68 uvchr_to_utf8_flags_msgs(d,uv,flags, 0)
69 #define uvchr_to_utf8_flags_msgs(d,uv,flags,msgs) \
70 uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags_msgs(d,NATIVE_TO_UNI(uv),flags, msgs)
71 #define utf8_to_uvchr_buf(s, e, lenp) \
72 utf8_to_uvchr_buf_helper((const U8 *) (s), (const U8 *) e, lenp)
73 #define utf8n_to_uvchr(s, len, lenp, flags) \
74 utf8n_to_uvchr_error(s, len, lenp, flags, 0)
75 #define utf8n_to_uvchr_error(s, len, lenp, flags, errors) \
76 utf8n_to_uvchr_msgs(s, len, lenp, flags, errors, 0)
78 #define to_uni_fold(c, p, lenp) _to_uni_fold_flags(c, p, lenp, FOLD_FLAGS_FULL)
80 #define foldEQ_utf8(s1, pe1, l1, u1, s2, pe2, l2, u2) \
81 foldEQ_utf8_flags(s1, pe1, l1, u1, s2, pe2, l2, u2, 0)
82 #define FOLDEQ_UTF8_NOMIX_ASCII (1 << 0)
83 #define FOLDEQ_LOCALE (1 << 1)
84 #define FOLDEQ_S1_ALREADY_FOLDED (1 << 2)
85 #define FOLDEQ_S2_ALREADY_FOLDED (1 << 3)
86 #define FOLDEQ_S1_FOLDS_SANE (1 << 4)
87 #define FOLDEQ_S2_FOLDS_SANE (1 << 5)
90 /* The equivalent of these macros but implementing UTF-EBCDIC
91 are in the following header file:
94 #include "utfebcdic.h"
101 =for apidoc AmnU|STRLEN|UTF8_MAXBYTES
103 The maximum width of a single UTF-8 encoded character, in bytes.
105 NOTE: Strictly speaking Perl's UTF-8 should not be called UTF-8 since UTF-8
106 is an encoding of Unicode, and Unicode's upper limit, 0x10FFFF, can be
107 expressed with 4 bytes. However, Perl thinks of UTF-8 as a way to encode
108 non-negative integers in a binary format, even those above Unicode.
112 #define UTF8_MAXBYTES 13
115 EXTCONST unsigned char PL_utf8skip[] = {
116 /* 0x00 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
117 /* 0x10 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
118 /* 0x20 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
119 /* 0x30 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
120 /* 0x40 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
121 /* 0x50 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
122 /* 0x60 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
123 /* 0x70 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
124 /* 0x80 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus: continuation byte */
125 /* 0x90 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus: continuation byte */
126 /* 0xA0 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus: continuation byte */
127 /* 0xB0 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus: continuation byte */
128 /* 0xC0 */ 2,2, /* overlong */
129 /* 0xC2 */ 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, /* U+0080 to U+03FF */
130 /* 0xD0 */ 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, /* U+0400 to U+07FF */
131 /* 0xE0 */ 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3, /* U+0800 to U+FFFF */
132 /* 0xF0 */ 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,6,6, /* above BMP to 2**31 - 1 */
133 /* Perl extended (never was official UTF-8). Up to 36 bit */
135 /* More extended, Up to 72 bits (64-bit + reserved) */
136 /* 0xFF */ UTF8_MAXBYTES
139 EXTCONST unsigned char PL_utf8skip[];
146 =for apidoc Am|U8|NATIVE_TO_LATIN1|U8 ch
148 Returns the Latin-1 (including ASCII and control characters) equivalent of the
149 input native code point given by C<ch>. Thus, C<NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(193)> on
150 EBCDIC platforms returns 65. These each represent the character C<"A"> on
151 their respective platforms. On ASCII platforms no conversion is needed, so
152 this macro expands to just its input, adding no time nor space requirements to
155 For conversion of code points potentially larger than will fit in a character,
156 use L</NATIVE_TO_UNI>.
158 =for apidoc Am|U8|LATIN1_TO_NATIVE|U8 ch
160 Returns the native equivalent of the input Latin-1 code point (including ASCII
161 and control characters) given by C<ch>. Thus, C<LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(66)> on
162 EBCDIC platforms returns 194. These each represent the character C<"B"> on
163 their respective platforms. On ASCII platforms no conversion is needed, so
164 this macro expands to just its input, adding no time nor space requirements to
167 For conversion of code points potentially larger than will fit in a character,
168 use L</UNI_TO_NATIVE>.
170 =for apidoc Am|UV|NATIVE_TO_UNI|UV ch
172 Returns the Unicode equivalent of the input native code point given by C<ch>.
173 Thus, C<NATIVE_TO_UNI(195)> on EBCDIC platforms returns 67. These each
174 represent the character C<"C"> on their respective platforms. On ASCII
175 platforms no conversion is needed, so this macro expands to just its input,
176 adding no time nor space requirements to the implementation.
178 =for apidoc Am|UV|UNI_TO_NATIVE|UV ch
180 Returns the native equivalent of the input Unicode code point given by C<ch>.
181 Thus, C<UNI_TO_NATIVE(68)> on EBCDIC platforms returns 196. These each
182 represent the character C<"D"> on their respective platforms. On ASCII
183 platforms no conversion is needed, so this macro expands to just its input,
184 adding no time nor space requirements to the implementation.
189 #define NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(ch) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(ch)) ((U8) ((ch) | 0)))
190 #define LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(ch) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(ch)) ((U8) ((ch) | 0)))
192 /* I8 is an intermediate version of UTF-8 used only in UTF-EBCDIC. We thus
193 * consider it to be identical to UTF-8 on ASCII platforms. Strictly speaking
194 * UTF-8 and UTF-EBCDIC are two different things, but we often conflate them
195 * because they are 8-bit encodings that serve the same purpose in Perl, and
196 * rarely do we need to distinguish them. The term "NATIVE_UTF8" applies to
197 * whichever one is applicable on the current platform */
198 #define NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(ch) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(ch)) ((U8) ((ch) | 0)))
199 #define I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(ch) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(ch)) ((U8) ((ch) | 0)))
201 #define UNI_TO_NATIVE(ch) ((UV) ((ch) | 0))
202 #define NATIVE_TO_UNI(ch) ((UV) ((ch) | 0))
206 The following table is from Unicode 3.2, plus the Perl extensions for above
209 Code Points 1st Byte 2nd Byte 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th-13th
211 U+0000..U+007F 00..7F
212 U+0080..U+07FF * C2..DF 80..BF
213 U+0800..U+0FFF E0 * A0..BF 80..BF
214 U+1000..U+CFFF E1..EC 80..BF 80..BF
215 U+D000..U+D7FF ED 80..9F 80..BF
216 U+D800..U+DFFF ED A0..BF 80..BF (surrogates)
217 U+E000..U+FFFF EE..EF 80..BF 80..BF
218 U+10000..U+3FFFF F0 * 90..BF 80..BF 80..BF
219 U+40000..U+FFFFF F1..F3 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
220 U+100000..U+10FFFF F4 80..8F 80..BF 80..BF
221 Below are above-Unicode code points
222 U+110000..U+13FFFF F4 90..BF 80..BF 80..BF
223 U+110000..U+1FFFFF F5..F7 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
224 U+200000..U+FFFFFF F8 * 88..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
225 U+1000000..U+3FFFFFF F9..FB 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
226 U+4000000..U+3FFFFFFF FC * 84..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
227 U+40000000..U+7FFFFFFF FD 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
228 U+80000000..U+FFFFFFFFF FE * 82..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
229 U+1000000000.. FF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF * 81..BF 80..BF
231 Note the gaps before several of the byte entries above marked by '*'. These are
232 caused by legal UTF-8 avoiding non-shortest encodings: it is technically
233 possible to UTF-8-encode a single code point in different ways, but that is
234 explicitly forbidden, and the shortest possible encoding should always be used
235 (and that is what Perl does). The non-shortest ones are called 'overlongs'.
240 Another way to look at it, as bits:
242 Code Points 1st Byte 2nd Byte 3rd Byte 4th Byte
245 0000 0bbb bbaa aaaa 110b bbbb 10aa aaaa
246 cccc bbbb bbaa aaaa 1110 cccc 10bb bbbb 10aa aaaa
247 00 000d ddcc cccc bbbb bbaa aaaa 1111 0ddd 10cc cccc 10bb bbbb 10aa aaaa
249 As you can see, the continuation bytes all begin with C<10>, and the
250 leading bits of the start byte tell how many bytes there are in the
253 Perl's extended UTF-8 means we can have start bytes up through FF, though any
254 beginning with FF yields a code point that is too large for 32-bit ASCII
255 platforms. FF signals to use 13 bytes for the encoded character. This breaks
256 the paradigm that the number of leading bits gives how many total bytes there
257 are in the character. */
259 /* This is the number of low-order bits a continuation byte in a UTF-8 encoded
260 * sequence contributes to the specification of the code point. In the bit
261 * maps above, you see that the first 2 bits are a constant '10', leaving 6 of
262 * real information */
263 #define UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT 6
265 /* ^? is defined to be DEL on ASCII systems. See the definition of toCTRL()
267 #define QUESTION_MARK_CTRL DEL_NATIVE
269 /* Surrogates, non-character code points and above-Unicode code points are
270 * problematic in some contexts. This allows code that needs to check for
271 * those to quickly exclude the vast majority of code points it will
273 #define isUTF8_POSSIBLY_PROBLEMATIC(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
276 #define UNICODE_IS_PERL_EXTENDED(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) > 0x7FFFFFFF)
278 #endif /* EBCDIC vs ASCII */
280 /* 2**UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT - 1. This masks out all but the bits that carry
281 * real information in a continuation byte. This turns out to be 0x3F in
282 * UTF-8, 0x1F in UTF-EBCDIC. */
283 #define UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK ((U8) (nBIT_MASK(UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT)))
285 /* For use in UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(). This turns out to be 0xC0 in UTF-8,
286 * E0 in UTF-EBCDIC */
287 #define UTF_IS_CONTINUATION_MASK ((U8) (0xFF << UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))
289 /* This defines the bits that are to be in the continuation bytes of a
290 * multi-byte UTF-8 encoded character that mark it is a continuation byte.
291 * This turns out to be 0x80 in UTF-8, 0xA0 in UTF-EBCDIC. (khw doesn't know
292 * the underlying reason that B0 works here) */
293 #define UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK (UTF_IS_CONTINUATION_MASK & 0xB0)
295 /* Is the byte 'c' part of a multi-byte UTF8-8 encoded sequence, and not the
296 * first byte thereof? */
297 #define UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
298 (((NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(c) & UTF_IS_CONTINUATION_MASK) \
299 == UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK)))
301 /* Is the representation of the Unicode code point 'cp' the same regardless of
302 * being encoded in UTF-8 or not? This is a fundamental property of
304 #define OFFUNI_IS_INVARIANT(c) (((WIDEST_UTYPE)(c)) < UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK)
307 =for apidoc Am|bool|UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT|UV cp
309 Evaluates to 1 if the representation of code point C<cp> is the same whether or
310 not it is encoded in UTF-8; otherwise evaluates to 0. UTF-8 invariant
311 characters can be copied as-is when converting to/from UTF-8, saving time.
312 C<cp> is Unicode if above 255; otherwise is platform-native.
316 #define UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(cp) (OFFUNI_IS_INVARIANT(NATIVE_TO_UNI(cp)))
318 /* Internal macro to be used only in this file to aid in constructing other
319 * publicly accessible macros.
320 * The number of bytes required to express this uv in UTF-8, for just those
321 * uv's requiring 2 through 6 bytes, as these are common to all platforms and
322 * word sizes. The number of bytes needed is given by the number of leading 1
323 * bits in the start byte. There are 32 start bytes that have 2 initial 1 bits
324 * (C0-DF); there are 16 that have 3 initial 1 bits (E0-EF); 8 that have 4
325 * initial 1 bits (F0-F8); 4 that have 5 initial 1 bits (F9-FB), and 2 that
326 * have 6 initial 1 bits (FC-FD). The largest number a string of n bytes can
327 * represent is (the number of possible start bytes for 'n')
328 * * (the number of possiblities for each start byte
329 * The latter in turn is
330 * 2 ** ( (how many continuation bytes there are)
331 * * (the number of bits of information each
332 * continuation byte holds))
334 * If we were on a platform where we could use a fast find first set bit
335 * instruction (or count leading zeros instruction) this could be replaced by
336 * using that to find the log2 of the uv, and divide that by the number of bits
337 * of information in each continuation byte, adjusting for large cases and how
338 * much information is in a start byte for that length */
339 #define __COMMON_UNI_SKIP(uv) \
340 (UV) (uv) < (32 * (1U << ( UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 2 : \
341 (UV) (uv) < (16 * (1U << (2 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 3 : \
342 (UV) (uv) < ( 8 * (1U << (3 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 4 : \
343 (UV) (uv) < ( 4 * (1U << (4 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 5 : \
344 (UV) (uv) < ( 2 * (1U << (5 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 6 :
346 /* Internal macro to be used only in this file.
347 * This adds to __COMMON_UNI_SKIP the details at this platform's upper range.
348 * For any-sized EBCDIC platforms, or 64-bit ASCII ones, we need one more test
349 * to see if just 7 bytes is needed, or if the maximum is needed. For 32-bit
350 * ASCII platforms, everything is representable by 7 bytes */
351 #if defined(UV_IS_QUAD) || defined(EBCDIC)
352 # define __BASE_UNI_SKIP(uv) (__COMMON_UNI_SKIP(uv) \
353 LIKELY((UV) (uv) < ((UV) 1U << (6 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) \
357 # define __BASE_UNI_SKIP(uv) (__COMMON_UNI_SKIP(uv) 7)
360 /* The next two macros use the base macro defined above, and add in the tests
361 * at the low-end of the range, for just 1 byte, yielding complete macros,
362 * publicly accessible. */
364 /* Input is a true Unicode (not-native) code point */
365 #define OFFUNISKIP(uv) (OFFUNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv) ? 1 : __BASE_UNI_SKIP(uv))
369 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UVCHR_SKIP|UV cp
370 returns the number of bytes required to represent the code point C<cp> when
371 encoded as UTF-8. C<cp> is a native (ASCII or EBCDIC) code point if less than
372 255; a Unicode code point otherwise.
376 #define UVCHR_SKIP(uv) ( UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(uv) ? 1 : __BASE_UNI_SKIP(uv))
378 #define UTF_MIN_START_BYTE \
379 ((UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK >> UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) | UTF_START_MARK(2))
381 /* Is the byte 'c' the first byte of a multi-byte UTF8-8 encoded sequence?
382 * This excludes invariants (they are single-byte). It also excludes the
383 * illegal overlong sequences that begin with C0 and C1 on ASCII platforms, and
384 * C0-C4 I8 start bytes on EBCDIC ones. On EBCDIC E0 can't start a
385 * non-overlong sequence, so we define a base macro and for those platforms,
386 * extend it to also exclude E0 */
387 #define UTF8_IS_START_base(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
388 (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(c) >= UTF_MIN_START_BYTE))
390 # define UTF8_IS_START(c) \
391 (UTF8_IS_START_base(c) && (c) != I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(0xE0))
393 # define UTF8_IS_START(c) UTF8_IS_START_base(c)
396 #define UTF_MIN_ABOVE_LATIN1_BYTE \
397 ((0x100 >> UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) | UTF_START_MARK(2))
399 /* Is the UTF8-encoded byte 'c' the first byte of a sequence of bytes that
400 * represent a code point > 255? */
401 #define UTF8_IS_ABOVE_LATIN1(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
402 (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(c) >= UTF_MIN_ABOVE_LATIN1_BYTE))
404 /* Is the UTF8-encoded byte 'c' the first byte of a two byte sequence? Use
405 * UTF8_IS_NEXT_CHAR_DOWNGRADEABLE() instead if the input isn't known to
407 #define UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
408 inRANGE(NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(c), \
409 UTF_MIN_START_BYTE, UTF_MIN_ABOVE_LATIN1_BYTE - 1))
411 /* The largest code point representable by two UTF-8 bytes on this platform.
412 * As explained in the comments for __COMMON_UNI_SKIP, 32 start bytes with
413 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT bits of information each */
414 #define MAX_UTF8_TWO_BYTE (32 * (1U << UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) - 1)
416 /* The largest code point representable by two UTF-8 bytes on any platform that
417 * Perl runs on. This value is constrained by EBCDIC which has 5 bits per
418 * continuation byte */
419 #define MAX_PORTABLE_UTF8_TWO_BYTE (32 * nBIT_UMAX(5))
423 =for apidoc AmnU|STRLEN|UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE
425 The maximum number of UTF-8 bytes a single Unicode character can
426 uppercase/lowercase/titlecase/fold into.
430 * Unicode guarantees that the maximum expansion is UTF8_MAX_FOLD_CHAR_EXPAND
431 * characters, but any above-Unicode code point will fold to itself, so we only
432 * have to look at the expansion of the maximum Unicode code point. But this
433 * number may be less than the space occupied by a very large code point under
434 * Perl's extended UTF-8. We have to make it large enough to fit any single
435 * character. (It turns out that ASCII and EBCDIC differ in which is larger)
439 #define UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE \
440 MAX(UTF8_MAXBYTES, UTF8_MAX_FOLD_CHAR_EXPAND * OFFUNISKIP(0x10FFFF))
442 /* Rest of these are attributes of Unicode and perl's internals rather than the
443 * encoding, or happen to be the same in both ASCII and EBCDIC (at least at
444 * this level; the macros that some of these call may have different
445 * definitions in the two encodings */
447 /* In domain restricted to ASCII, these may make more sense to the reader than
448 * the ones with Latin1 in the name */
449 #define NATIVE_TO_ASCII(ch) NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(ch)
450 #define ASCII_TO_NATIVE(ch) LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(ch)
452 /* More or less misleadingly-named defines, retained for back compat */
453 #define NATIVE_TO_UTF(ch) NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(ch)
454 #define NATIVE_TO_I8(ch) NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(ch)
455 #define UTF_TO_NATIVE(ch) I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(ch)
456 #define I8_TO_NATIVE(ch) I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(ch)
457 #define NATIVE8_TO_UNI(ch) NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(ch)
459 /* This defines the 1-bits that are to be in the first byte of a multi-byte
460 * UTF-8 encoded character that mark it as a start byte and give the number of
461 * bytes that comprise the character. 'len' is the number of bytes in the
462 * multi-byte sequence. */
463 #define UTF_START_MARK(len) (UNLIKELY((len) > 7) \
465 : ((U8) (0xFE << (7-(len)))))
467 /* Masks out the initial one bits in a start byte, leaving the real data ones.
468 * Doesn't work on an invariant byte. 'len' is the number of bytes in the
469 * multi-byte sequence that comprises the character. */
470 #define UTF_START_MASK(len) (UNLIKELY((len) >= 7) ? 0x00 : (0x1F >> ((len)-2)))
472 /* Adds a UTF8 continuation byte 'new' of information to a running total code
473 * point 'old' of all the continuation bytes so far. This is designed to be
474 * used in a loop to convert from UTF-8 to the code point represented. Note
475 * that this is asymmetric on EBCDIC platforms, in that the 'new' parameter is
476 * the UTF-EBCDIC byte, whereas the 'old' parameter is a Unicode (not EBCDIC)
477 * code point in process of being generated */
478 #define UTF8_ACCUMULATE(old, new) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(new)) \
479 ((old) << UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) \
480 | ((NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(new)) \
481 & UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK))
483 /* This works in the face of malformed UTF-8. */
484 #define UTF8_IS_NEXT_CHAR_DOWNGRADEABLE(s, e) \
485 ( UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*(s)) \
486 && ( (e) - (s) > 1) \
487 && UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*((s)+1)))
489 /* Number of bytes a code point occupies in UTF-8. */
490 #define NATIVE_SKIP(uv) UVCHR_SKIP(uv)
492 /* Most code which says UNISKIP is really thinking in terms of native code
493 * points (0-255) plus all those beyond. This is an imprecise term, but having
494 * it means existing code continues to work. For precision, use UVCHR_SKIP,
495 * NATIVE_SKIP, or OFFUNISKIP */
496 #define UNISKIP(uv) UVCHR_SKIP(uv)
498 /* Longer, but more accurate name */
499 #define UTF8_IS_ABOVE_LATIN1_START(c) UTF8_IS_ABOVE_LATIN1(c)
501 /* Convert a UTF-8 variant Latin1 character to a native code point value.
502 * Needs just one iteration of accumulate. Should be used only if it is known
503 * that the code point is < 256, and is not UTF-8 invariant. Use the slower
504 * but more general TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_NATIVE() which handles any code point
505 * representable by two bytes (which turns out to be up through
506 * MAX_PORTABLE_UTF8_TWO_BYTE). The two parameters are:
507 * HI: a downgradable start byte;
510 #define EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(HI, LO) \
511 ( __ASSERT_(UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(HI)) \
512 __ASSERT_(UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(LO)) \
513 LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(UTF8_ACCUMULATE(( \
514 NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(HI) & UTF_START_MASK(2)), (LO))))
516 /* Convert a two (not one) byte utf8 character to a native code point value.
517 * Needs just one iteration of accumulate. Should not be used unless it is
518 * known that the two bytes are legal: 1) two-byte start, and 2) continuation.
519 * Note that the result can be larger than 255 if the input character is not
521 #define TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(HI, LO) \
522 (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(HI)) \
523 __ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(LO)) \
524 __ASSERT_(PL_utf8skip[HI] == 2) \
525 __ASSERT_(UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(LO)) \
526 UNI_TO_NATIVE(UTF8_ACCUMULATE((NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(HI) & UTF_START_MASK(2)), \
529 /* Should never be used, and be deprecated */
530 #define TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_UNI(HI, LO) NATIVE_TO_UNI(TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(HI, LO))
534 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UTF8SKIP|char* s
535 returns the number of bytes a non-malformed UTF-8 encoded character whose first
536 (perhaps only) byte is pointed to by C<s>.
538 If there is a possibility of malformed input, use instead:
542 =item C<L</UTF8_SAFE_SKIP>> if you know the maximum ending pointer in the
543 buffer pointed to by C<s>; or
545 =item C<L</UTF8_CHK_SKIP>> if you don't know it.
549 It is better to restructure your code so the end pointer is passed down so that
550 you know what it actually is at the point of this call, but if that isn't
551 possible, C<L</UTF8_CHK_SKIP>> can minimize the chance of accessing beyond the end
556 #define UTF8SKIP(s) PL_utf8skip[*(const U8*)(s)]
559 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UTF8_SKIP|char* s
560 This is a synonym for C<L</UTF8SKIP>>
565 #define UTF8_SKIP(s) UTF8SKIP(s)
568 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UTF8_CHK_SKIP|char* s
570 This is a safer version of C<L</UTF8SKIP>>, but still not as safe as
571 C<L</UTF8_SAFE_SKIP>>. This version doesn't blindly assume that the input
572 string pointed to by C<s> is well-formed, but verifies that there isn't a NUL
573 terminating character before the expected end of the next character in C<s>.
574 The length C<UTF8_CHK_SKIP> returns stops just before any such NUL.
576 Perl tends to add NULs, as an insurance policy, after the end of strings in
577 SV's, so it is likely that using this macro will prevent inadvertent reading
578 beyond the end of the input buffer, even if it is malformed UTF-8.
580 This macro is intended to be used by XS modules where the inputs could be
581 malformed, and it isn't feasible to restructure to use the safer
582 C<L</UTF8_SAFE_SKIP>>, for example when interfacing with a C library.
587 #define UTF8_CHK_SKIP(s) \
588 (UNLIKELY(s[0] == '\0') ? 1 : MIN(UTF8SKIP(s), \
589 my_strnlen((char *) (s), UTF8SKIP(s))))
592 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UTF8_SAFE_SKIP|char* s|char* e
593 returns 0 if S<C<s E<gt>= e>>; otherwise returns the number of bytes in the
594 UTF-8 encoded character whose first byte is pointed to by C<s>. But it never
595 returns beyond C<e>. On DEBUGGING builds, it asserts that S<C<s E<lt>= e>>.
599 #define UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(s, e) (__ASSERT_((e) >= (s)) \
600 UNLIKELY(((e) - (s)) <= 0) \
602 : MIN(((e) - (s)), UTF8_SKIP(s)))
604 /* Most code that says 'UNI_' really means the native value for code points up
606 #define UNI_IS_INVARIANT(cp) UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(cp)
609 =for apidoc Am|bool|UTF8_IS_INVARIANT|char c
611 Evaluates to 1 if the byte C<c> represents the same character when encoded in
612 UTF-8 as when not; otherwise evaluates to 0. UTF-8 invariant characters can be
613 copied as-is when converting to/from UTF-8, saving time.
615 In spite of the name, this macro gives the correct result if the input string
616 from which C<c> comes is not encoded in UTF-8.
618 See C<L</UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT>> for checking if a UV is invariant.
622 The reason it works on both UTF-8 encoded strings and non-UTF-8 encoded, is
623 that it returns TRUE in each for the exact same set of bit patterns. It is
624 valid on a subset of what UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT is valid on, so can just use that;
625 and the compiler should optimize out anything extraneous given the
626 implementation of the latter. The |0 makes sure this isn't mistakenly called
629 #define UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c) UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT((c) | 0)
631 /* Like the above, but its name implies a non-UTF8 input, which as the comments
632 * above show, doesn't matter as to its implementation */
633 #define NATIVE_BYTE_IS_INVARIANT(c) UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(c)
635 /* Misleadingly named: is the UTF8-encoded byte 'c' part of a variant sequence
636 * in UTF-8? This is the inverse of UTF8_IS_INVARIANT. */
637 #define UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
638 (! UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c)))
640 /* The macros in the next 4 sets are used to generate the two utf8 or utfebcdic
641 * bytes from an ordinal that is known to fit into exactly two (not one) bytes;
642 * it must be less than 0x3FF to work across both encodings. */
644 /* These two are helper macros for the other three sets, and should not be used
645 * directly anywhere else. 'translate_function' is either NATIVE_TO_LATIN1
646 * (which works for code points up through 0xFF) or NATIVE_TO_UNI which works
647 * for any code point */
648 #define __BASE_TWO_BYTE_HI(c, translate_function) \
649 (__ASSERT_(! UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(c)) \
650 I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8((translate_function(c) >> UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) \
651 | UTF_START_MARK(2)))
652 #define __BASE_TWO_BYTE_LO(c, translate_function) \
653 (__ASSERT_(! UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(c)) \
654 I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8((translate_function(c) & UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK) \
655 | UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK))
657 /* The next two macros should not be used. They were designed to be usable as
658 * the case label of a switch statement, but this doesn't work for EBCDIC. Use
659 * regen/unicode_constants.pl instead */
660 #define UTF8_TWO_BYTE_HI_nocast(c) __BASE_TWO_BYTE_HI(c, NATIVE_TO_UNI)
661 #define UTF8_TWO_BYTE_LO_nocast(c) __BASE_TWO_BYTE_LO(c, NATIVE_TO_UNI)
663 /* The next two macros are used when the source should be a single byte
664 * character; checked for under DEBUGGING */
665 #define UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
666 ( __BASE_TWO_BYTE_HI(c, NATIVE_TO_LATIN1)))
667 #define UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
668 (__BASE_TWO_BYTE_LO(c, NATIVE_TO_LATIN1)))
670 /* These final two macros in the series are used when the source can be any
671 * code point whose UTF-8 is known to occupy 2 bytes; they are less efficient
672 * than the EIGHT_BIT versions on EBCDIC platforms. We use the logical '~'
673 * operator instead of "<=" to avoid getting compiler warnings.
674 * MAX_UTF8_TWO_BYTE should be exactly all one bits in the lower few
675 * places, so the ~ works */
676 #define UTF8_TWO_BYTE_HI(c) \
677 (__ASSERT_((sizeof(c) == 1) \
678 || !(((WIDEST_UTYPE)(c)) & ~MAX_UTF8_TWO_BYTE)) \
679 (__BASE_TWO_BYTE_HI(c, NATIVE_TO_UNI)))
680 #define UTF8_TWO_BYTE_LO(c) \
681 (__ASSERT_((sizeof(c) == 1) \
682 || !(((WIDEST_UTYPE)(c)) & ~MAX_UTF8_TWO_BYTE)) \
683 (__BASE_TWO_BYTE_LO(c, NATIVE_TO_UNI)))
685 /* This is illegal in any well-formed UTF-8 in both EBCDIC and ASCII
686 * as it is only in overlongs. */
687 #define ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(0xC1)
690 * 'UTF' is whether or not p is encoded in UTF8. The names 'foo_lazy_if' stem
691 * from an earlier version of these macros in which they didn't call the
692 * foo_utf8() macros (i.e. were 'lazy') unless they decided that *p is the
693 * beginning of a utf8 character. Now that foo_utf8() determines that itself,
694 * no need to do it again here
696 #define isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(p, e, UTF) \
697 ((IN_BYTES || !UTF) \
699 : isIDFIRST_utf8_safe(p, e))
700 #define isWORDCHAR_lazy_if_safe(p, e, UTF) \
701 ((IN_BYTES || !UTF) \
703 : isWORDCHAR_utf8_safe((U8 *) p, (U8 *) e))
704 #define isALNUM_lazy_if_safe(p, e, UTF) isWORDCHAR_lazy_if_safe(p, e, UTF)
706 #define UTF8_MAXLEN UTF8_MAXBYTES
708 /* A Unicode character can fold to up to 3 characters */
709 #define UTF8_MAX_FOLD_CHAR_EXPAND 3
711 #define IN_BYTES UNLIKELY(CopHINTS_get(PL_curcop) & HINT_BYTES)
715 =for apidoc Am|bool|DO_UTF8|SV* sv
716 Returns a bool giving whether or not the PV in C<sv> is to be treated as being
719 You should use this I<after> a call to C<SvPV()> or one of its variants, in
720 case any call to string overloading updates the internal UTF-8 encoding flag.
724 #define DO_UTF8(sv) (SvUTF8(sv) && !IN_BYTES)
726 /* Should all strings be treated as Unicode, and not just UTF-8 encoded ones?
727 * Is so within 'feature unicode_strings' or 'locale :not_characters', and not
728 * within 'use bytes'. UTF-8 locales are not tested for here, but perhaps
730 #define IN_UNI_8_BIT \
731 (( ( (CopHINTS_get(PL_curcop) & HINT_UNI_8_BIT)) \
732 || ( CopHINTS_get(PL_curcop) & HINT_LOCALE_PARTIAL \
733 /* -1 below is for :not_characters */ \
734 && _is_in_locale_category(FALSE, -1))) \
738 #define UTF8_ALLOW_EMPTY 0x0001 /* Allow a zero length string */
739 #define UTF8_GOT_EMPTY UTF8_ALLOW_EMPTY
741 /* Allow first byte to be a continuation byte */
742 #define UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION 0x0002
743 #define UTF8_GOT_CONTINUATION UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION
745 /* Unexpected non-continuation byte */
746 #define UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION 0x0004
747 #define UTF8_GOT_NON_CONTINUATION UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION
749 /* expecting more bytes than were available in the string */
750 #define UTF8_ALLOW_SHORT 0x0008
751 #define UTF8_GOT_SHORT UTF8_ALLOW_SHORT
753 /* Overlong sequence; i.e., the code point can be specified in fewer bytes.
754 * First one will convert the overlong to the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER; second
755 * will return what the overlong evaluates to */
756 #define UTF8_ALLOW_LONG 0x0010
757 #define UTF8_ALLOW_LONG_AND_ITS_VALUE (UTF8_ALLOW_LONG|0x0020)
758 #define UTF8_GOT_LONG UTF8_ALLOW_LONG
760 #define UTF8_ALLOW_OVERFLOW 0x0080
761 #define UTF8_GOT_OVERFLOW UTF8_ALLOW_OVERFLOW
763 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_SURROGATE 0x0100 /* Unicode surrogates */
764 #define UTF8_GOT_SURROGATE UTF8_DISALLOW_SURROGATE
765 #define UTF8_WARN_SURROGATE 0x0200
767 /* Unicode non-character code points */
768 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_NONCHAR 0x0400
769 #define UTF8_GOT_NONCHAR UTF8_DISALLOW_NONCHAR
770 #define UTF8_WARN_NONCHAR 0x0800
772 /* Super-set of Unicode: code points above the legal max */
773 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_SUPER 0x1000
774 #define UTF8_GOT_SUPER UTF8_DISALLOW_SUPER
775 #define UTF8_WARN_SUPER 0x2000
777 /* The original UTF-8 standard did not define UTF-8 with start bytes of 0xFE or
778 * 0xFF, though UTF-EBCDIC did. This allowed both versions to represent code
779 * points up to 2 ** 31 - 1. Perl extends UTF-8 so that 0xFE and 0xFF are
780 * usable on ASCII platforms, and 0xFF means something different than
781 * UTF-EBCDIC defines. These changes allow code points of 64 bits (actually
782 * somewhat more) to be represented on both platforms. But these are Perl
783 * extensions, and not likely to be interchangeable with other languages. Note
784 * that on ASCII platforms, FE overflows a signed 32-bit word, and FF an
786 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED 0x4000
787 #define UTF8_GOT_PERL_EXTENDED UTF8_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
788 #define UTF8_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED 0x8000
790 /* For back compat, these old names are misleading for overlongs and
792 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_ABOVE_31_BIT UTF8_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
793 #define UTF8_GOT_ABOVE_31_BIT UTF8_GOT_PERL_EXTENDED
794 #define UTF8_WARN_ABOVE_31_BIT UTF8_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED
795 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_FE_FF UTF8_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
796 #define UTF8_WARN_FE_FF UTF8_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED
798 #define UTF8_CHECK_ONLY 0x10000
799 #define _UTF8_NO_CONFIDENCE_IN_CURLEN 0x20000 /* Internal core use only */
801 /* For backwards source compatibility. They do nothing, as the default now
802 * includes what they used to mean. The first one's meaning was to allow the
803 * just the single non-character 0xFFFF */
804 #define UTF8_ALLOW_FFFF 0
805 #define UTF8_ALLOW_FE_FF 0
806 #define UTF8_ALLOW_SURROGATE 0
808 /* C9 refers to Unicode Corrigendum #9: allows but discourages non-chars */
809 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE \
810 (UTF8_DISALLOW_SUPER|UTF8_DISALLOW_SURROGATE)
811 #define UTF8_WARN_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE (UTF8_WARN_SUPER|UTF8_WARN_SURROGATE)
813 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE \
814 (UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE|UTF8_DISALLOW_NONCHAR)
815 #define UTF8_WARN_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE \
816 (UTF8_WARN_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE|UTF8_WARN_NONCHAR)
818 /* This is typically used for code that processes UTF-8 input and doesn't want
819 * to have to deal with any malformations that might be present. All such will
820 * be safely replaced by the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, unless other flags
821 * overriding this are also present. */
822 #define UTF8_ALLOW_ANY ( UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION \
823 |UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION \
826 |UTF8_ALLOW_OVERFLOW)
828 /* Accept any Perl-extended UTF-8 that evaluates to any UV on the platform, but
829 * not any malformed. This is the default. */
830 #define UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV 0
831 #define UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV
834 =for apidoc Am|bool|UTF8_IS_SURROGATE|const U8 *s|const U8 *e
836 Evaluates to non-zero if the first few bytes of the string starting at C<s> and
837 looking no further than S<C<e - 1>> are well-formed UTF-8 that represents one
838 of the Unicode surrogate code points; otherwise it evaluates to 0. If
839 non-zero, the value gives how many bytes starting at C<s> comprise the code
840 point's representation.
844 #define UTF8_IS_SURROGATE(s, e) is_SURROGATE_utf8_safe(s, e)
847 #define UTF8_IS_REPLACEMENT(s, send) is_REPLACEMENT_utf8_safe(s,send)
849 #define MAX_LEGAL_CP ((UV)IV_MAX)
852 =for apidoc Am|bool|UTF8_IS_SUPER|const U8 *s|const U8 *e
854 Recall that Perl recognizes an extension to UTF-8 that can encode code
855 points larger than the ones defined by Unicode, which are 0..0x10FFFF.
857 This macro evaluates to non-zero if the first few bytes of the string starting
858 at C<s> and looking no further than S<C<e - 1>> are from this UTF-8 extension;
859 otherwise it evaluates to 0. If non-zero, the value gives how many bytes
860 starting at C<s> comprise the code point's representation.
862 0 is returned if the bytes are not well-formed extended UTF-8, or if they
863 represent a code point that cannot fit in a UV on the current platform. Hence
864 this macro can give different results when run on a 64-bit word machine than on
865 one with a 32-bit word size.
867 Note that it is illegal to have code points that are larger than what can
868 fit in an IV on the current machine.
873 * U+10FFFF: \xF4\x8F\xBF\xBF \xF9\xA1\xBF\xBF\xBF max legal Unicode
874 * U+110000: \xF4\x90\x80\x80 \xF9\xA2\xA0\xA0\xA0
875 * U+110001: \xF4\x90\x80\x81 \xF9\xA2\xA0\xA0\xA1
878 # define UTF8_IS_SUPER(s, e) \
880 && (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(*(s)) >= 0xF9) \
881 && UNLIKELY( NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(*(s)) > 0xF9 \
882 || (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(*((s) + 1)) >= 0xA2)) \
883 && LIKELY((s) + UTF8SKIP(s) <= (e))) \
884 ? is_utf8_char_helper(s, s + UTF8SKIP(s), 0) : 0
886 # define UTF8_IS_SUPER(s, e) \
888 && (*(U8*) (s)) >= 0xF4 \
889 && (UNLIKELY( ((*(U8*) (s)) > 0xF4) \
890 || (*((U8*) (s) + 1) >= 0x90))) \
891 && LIKELY((s) + UTF8SKIP(s) <= (e))) \
892 ? is_utf8_char_helper(s, s + UTF8SKIP(s), 0) : 0)
895 /* These are now machine generated, and the 'given' clause is no longer
897 #define UTF8_IS_NONCHAR_GIVEN_THAT_NON_SUPER_AND_GE_PROBLEMATIC(s, e) \
898 cBOOL(is_NONCHAR_utf8_safe(s,e))
901 =for apidoc Am|bool|UTF8_IS_NONCHAR|const U8 *s|const U8 *e
903 Evaluates to non-zero if the first few bytes of the string starting at C<s> and
904 looking no further than S<C<e - 1>> are well-formed UTF-8 that represents one
905 of the Unicode non-character code points; otherwise it evaluates to 0. If
906 non-zero, the value gives how many bytes starting at C<s> comprise the code
907 point's representation.
909 =for apidoc AmnU|UV|UNICODE_REPLACEMENT
911 Evaluates to 0xFFFD, the code point of the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
915 #define UTF8_IS_NONCHAR(s, e) \
916 UTF8_IS_NONCHAR_GIVEN_THAT_NON_SUPER_AND_GE_PROBLEMATIC(s, e)
918 #define UNICODE_SURROGATE_FIRST 0xD800
919 #define UNICODE_SURROGATE_LAST 0xDFFF
920 #define UNICODE_REPLACEMENT 0xFFFD
921 #define UNICODE_BYTE_ORDER_MARK 0xFEFF
923 /* Though our UTF-8 encoding can go beyond this,
924 * let's be conservative and do as Unicode says. */
925 #define PERL_UNICODE_MAX 0x10FFFF
927 #define UNICODE_WARN_SURROGATE 0x0001 /* UTF-16 surrogates */
928 #define UNICODE_WARN_NONCHAR 0x0002 /* Non-char code points */
929 #define UNICODE_WARN_SUPER 0x0004 /* Above 0x10FFFF */
930 #define UNICODE_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED 0x0008 /* Above 0x7FFF_FFFF */
931 #define UNICODE_WARN_ABOVE_31_BIT UNICODE_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED
932 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_SURROGATE 0x0010
933 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_NONCHAR 0x0020
934 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_SUPER 0x0040
935 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED 0x0080
938 # define UNICODE_ALLOW_ABOVE_IV_MAX 0x0100
940 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_ABOVE_31_BIT UNICODE_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
942 #define UNICODE_GOT_SURROGATE UNICODE_DISALLOW_SURROGATE
943 #define UNICODE_GOT_NONCHAR UNICODE_DISALLOW_NONCHAR
944 #define UNICODE_GOT_SUPER UNICODE_DISALLOW_SUPER
945 #define UNICODE_GOT_PERL_EXTENDED UNICODE_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
947 #define UNICODE_WARN_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE \
948 (UNICODE_WARN_SURROGATE|UNICODE_WARN_SUPER)
949 #define UNICODE_WARN_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE \
950 (UNICODE_WARN_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE|UNICODE_WARN_NONCHAR)
951 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE \
952 (UNICODE_DISALLOW_SURROGATE|UNICODE_DISALLOW_SUPER)
953 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE \
954 (UNICODE_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE|UNICODE_DISALLOW_NONCHAR)
956 /* For backward source compatibility, as are now the default */
957 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_SURROGATE 0
958 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_SUPER 0
959 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY 0
961 /* This matches the 2048 code points between UNICODE_SURROGATE_FIRST (0xD800) and
962 * UNICODE_SURROGATE_LAST (0xDFFF) */
963 #define UNICODE_IS_SURROGATE(uv) UNLIKELY(((UV) (uv) & (~0xFFFF | 0xF800)) \
966 #define UNICODE_IS_REPLACEMENT(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) == UNICODE_REPLACEMENT)
967 #define UNICODE_IS_BYTE_ORDER_MARK(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) \
968 == UNICODE_BYTE_ORDER_MARK)
970 /* Is 'uv' one of the 32 contiguous-range noncharacters? */
971 #define UNICODE_IS_32_CONTIGUOUS_NONCHARS(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) >= 0xFDD0 \
972 && (UV) (uv) <= 0xFDEF)
974 /* Is 'uv' one of the 34 plane-ending noncharacters 0xFFFE, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFE,
975 * 0x1FFFF, ... 0x10FFFE, 0x10FFFF, given that we know that 'uv' is not above
976 * the Unicode legal max */
977 #define UNICODE_IS_END_PLANE_NONCHAR_GIVEN_NOT_SUPER(uv) \
978 UNLIKELY(((UV) (uv) & 0xFFFE) == 0xFFFE)
980 #define UNICODE_IS_NONCHAR(uv) \
981 ( UNICODE_IS_32_CONTIGUOUS_NONCHARS(uv) \
982 || ( LIKELY( ! UNICODE_IS_SUPER(uv)) \
983 && UNICODE_IS_END_PLANE_NONCHAR_GIVEN_NOT_SUPER(uv)))
985 #define UNICODE_IS_SUPER(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) > PERL_UNICODE_MAX)
987 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S_NATIVE
988 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS \
989 LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS_NATIVE
990 #define MICRO_SIGN MICRO_SIGN_NATIVE
991 #define LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE \
992 LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE_NATIVE
993 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE \
994 LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE_NATIVE
995 #define UNICODE_GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA 0x03A3
996 #define UNICODE_GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_FINAL_SIGMA 0x03C2
997 #define UNICODE_GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_SIGMA 0x03C3
998 #define GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU 0x03BC
999 #define GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_MU 0x039C /* Upper and title case
1001 #define LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS 0x0178 /* Also is title case */
1002 #ifdef LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_SHARP_S_UTF8
1003 # define LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_SHARP_S 0x1E9E
1005 #define LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_DOT_ABOVE 0x130
1006 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_DOTLESS_I 0x131
1007 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_LONG_S 0x017F
1008 #define LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_LONG_S_T 0xFB05
1009 #define LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_ST 0xFB06
1010 #define KELVIN_SIGN 0x212A
1011 #define ANGSTROM_SIGN 0x212B
1013 #define UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT 0x0001
1014 #define UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH 0x0002
1015 #define UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSPACE 0x0004 /* Allow \b when also
1016 UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH */
1017 #define UNI_DISPLAY_QQ (UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT \
1018 |UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH \
1019 |UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSPACE)
1021 /* Character classes could also allow \b, but not patterns in general */
1022 #define UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX (UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT|UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH)
1024 /* Should be removed; maybe deprecated, but not used in CPAN */
1025 #define SHARP_S_SKIP 2
1027 #define is_utf8_char_buf(buf, buf_end) isUTF8_CHAR(buf, buf_end)
1028 #define bytes_from_utf8(s, lenp, is_utf8p) \
1029 bytes_from_utf8_loc(s, lenp, is_utf8p, 0)
1033 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|isUTF8_CHAR_flags|const U8 *s|const U8 *e| const U32 flags
1035 Evaluates to non-zero if the first few bytes of the string starting at C<s> and
1036 looking no further than S<C<e - 1>> are well-formed UTF-8, as extended by Perl,
1037 that represents some code point, subject to the restrictions given by C<flags>;
1038 otherwise it evaluates to 0. If non-zero, the value gives how many bytes
1039 starting at C<s> comprise the code point's representation. Any bytes remaining
1040 before C<e>, but beyond the ones needed to form the first code point in C<s>,
1043 If C<flags> is 0, this gives the same results as C<L</isUTF8_CHAR>>;
1044 if C<flags> is C<UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE>, this gives the same results
1045 as C<L</isSTRICT_UTF8_CHAR>>;
1046 and if C<flags> is C<UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE>, this gives
1047 the same results as C<L</isC9_STRICT_UTF8_CHAR>>.
1048 Otherwise C<flags> may be any combination of the C<UTF8_DISALLOW_I<foo>> flags
1049 understood by C<L</utf8n_to_uvchr>>, with the same meanings.
1051 The three alternative macros are for the most commonly needed validations; they
1052 are likely to run somewhat faster than this more general one, as they can be
1053 inlined into your code.
1055 Use L</is_utf8_string_flags>, L</is_utf8_string_loc_flags>, and
1056 L</is_utf8_string_loclen_flags> to check entire strings.
1061 #define isUTF8_CHAR_flags(s, e, flags) \
1062 (UNLIKELY((e) <= (s)) \
1064 : (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) \
1066 : UNLIKELY(((e) - (s)) < UTF8SKIP(s)) \
1068 : is_utf8_char_helper(s, e, flags))
1070 /* Do not use; should be deprecated. Use isUTF8_CHAR() instead; this is
1071 * retained solely for backwards compatibility */
1072 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR(p, n) (isUTF8_CHAR(p, (p) + (n)) == n)
1074 #endif /* PERL_UTF8_H_ */
1077 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: