3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
25 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
26 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
27 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
29 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
30 Perl stores its global variables.
42 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
43 static const STRLEN S_autolen = sizeof(S_autoload)-1;
46 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
53 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
54 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
58 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
60 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
61 * this is a dirhandle.
63 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
64 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
65 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
68 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
70 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
71 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
74 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
75 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
76 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
77 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
78 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
79 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
90 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
92 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
93 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
97 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
103 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
106 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
107 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
112 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
115 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
116 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
119 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
120 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
122 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
123 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
124 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
126 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
129 if ((PERLDB_LINE || PERLDB_SAVESRC) && !GvAV(gv))
130 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
131 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
137 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
139 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
140 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
141 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
148 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
150 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
152 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
153 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
154 return SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
158 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
163 const char *const file
164 = (PL_curcop && CopFILE(PL_curcop)) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
165 const STRLEN len = strlen(file);
167 SV *const temp_sv = CopFILESV(PL_curcop);
171 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
174 file = SvPVX(temp_sv);
175 len = SvCUR(temp_sv);
182 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
186 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
187 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
190 gp->gp_line = PL_curcop ? CopLINE(PL_curcop) : 0;
191 /* XXX Ideally this cast would be replaced with a change to const char*
193 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
200 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
201 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
204 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
206 GV * const oldgv = CvGV(cv);
207 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
218 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
222 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv = gv;
223 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
228 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
229 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
232 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
236 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
239 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
241 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
242 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
246 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
247 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
249 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
253 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
255 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
256 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
257 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by SvSetSV. Converting
258 any scalar that is SvOK() may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
259 for perl's internal use.
261 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
263 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
265 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
266 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
267 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
268 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
269 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
271 C<flags> can be set to SVf_UTF8 if C<name> is a UTF8 string, or
272 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
273 GV_ADDMULTI flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
274 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
278 The old form of gv_init_pvn(). It does not work with UTF8 strings, as it
279 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
280 GV_ADDMULTI flag will be passed to gv_init_pvn().
282 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
284 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
285 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
287 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
289 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
290 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
296 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
300 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
301 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
304 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
308 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
310 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
311 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
315 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
318 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
319 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
320 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
321 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
323 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
324 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
325 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
326 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
328 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
329 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
332 /* The constant has to be a simple scalar type. */
333 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
339 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
340 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
348 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
349 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
351 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
359 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
364 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
367 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
368 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
369 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
370 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
371 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
375 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
376 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
377 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
379 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
380 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
381 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
382 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
383 from a reference to CV. */
384 if (exported_constant)
385 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
387 (void) start_subparse(0,0); /* Create empty CV in compcv. */
393 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv)); /* sub Foo::bar($) { (shift) } sub ASDF::baz($); *ASDF::baz = \&Foo::bar */
395 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
396 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
398 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
399 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
400 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
406 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
408 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
420 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
428 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
429 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
436 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
439 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
440 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
442 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
443 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
444 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
447 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
448 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
449 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
450 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
455 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
456 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
457 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
458 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
459 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
460 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp: case KEY_CORE :
461 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
462 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
463 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
464 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
465 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
466 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
467 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
468 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
469 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
470 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
471 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
472 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
473 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
474 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
475 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
476 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
479 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
480 case KEY_each : case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec : case KEY_exists:
486 case KEY_splice: case KEY_split:
489 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
496 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
501 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
502 oldparser = PL_parser;
503 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
504 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
505 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
507 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
511 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
513 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
516 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv));
518 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
520 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
522 (void)gv_fetchfile(file);
523 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
524 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
525 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
526 it this order as we need an op number before calling
528 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
530 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
534 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
539 : newSVpvn(name,len),
544 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv);
545 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
546 && opnum != OP_UNDEF)
547 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
549 PL_parser = oldparser;
550 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
551 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
553 opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
555 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
557 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
562 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
564 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
566 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
568 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
569 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
575 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
579 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
580 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
583 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
587 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
589 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
590 instead of a string/length pair.
596 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
598 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
599 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
603 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
605 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
606 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
607 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
609 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
610 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
611 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
612 up caching info for this glob.
614 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is SVf_UTF8.
616 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
617 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
618 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
619 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
620 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
625 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
628 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
636 GV* candidate = NULL;
640 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
644 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
646 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
648 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
650 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
651 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
657 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
659 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
664 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,hvname) );
666 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
668 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
669 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, create);
674 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
675 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
676 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
677 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
678 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
682 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
683 SvREFCNT_dec(cand_cv);
684 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
689 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
690 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
693 else if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
694 && strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
695 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
699 packlen = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
700 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(hvname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
703 basestash = gv_stashpvn(hvname, packlen,
704 GV_ADD | (HvNAMEUTF8(stash) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
705 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(basestash);
708 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
711 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
712 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
714 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
716 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
719 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
720 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
722 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
728 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
730 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
731 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
732 if (strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
734 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
740 else candidate = *gvp;
743 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
744 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
745 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
747 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
748 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
749 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
751 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
752 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
753 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
754 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
755 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
756 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
762 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
763 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
764 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(NULL, name, len, 1, flags);
766 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
767 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
768 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
769 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
770 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
771 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
772 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
778 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
779 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
780 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
787 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
789 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
792 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
794 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
795 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
801 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
805 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
806 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
809 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
813 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
815 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
816 instead of a string/length pair.
822 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
824 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
825 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
829 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
831 Same as gv_fetchmeth_pvn(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
832 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
834 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
835 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
836 of the result may be zero.
838 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is SVf_UTF8.
844 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
846 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
848 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
855 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
856 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
858 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
861 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
863 /* Have an autoload */
864 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
865 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
866 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
867 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
876 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
878 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
879 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
880 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
883 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
884 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
885 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
886 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
887 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
889 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
890 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
891 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
892 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
893 created via a side effect to do this.
895 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
896 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
897 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
898 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
904 S_gv_get_super_pkg(pTHX_ const char* name, I32 namelen, U32 flags)
911 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_GET_SUPER_PKG;
913 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, flags);
914 if(stash) return stash;
916 /* If we must create it, give it an @ISA array containing
917 the real package this SUPER is for, so that it's tied
918 into the cache invalidation code correctly */
919 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, GV_ADD | flags);
920 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(stash, "ISA", TRUE);
922 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
923 superisa = GvAVn(gv);
925 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(superisa), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
926 av_push(superisa, newSVhek(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)
927 ? HvNAME_HEK(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)) : NULL));
933 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
935 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
937 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
941 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
945 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
946 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
949 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
953 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
955 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
956 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
959 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
962 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
965 register const char *nend;
966 const char *nsplit = NULL;
969 const char * const origname = name;
970 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
971 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
972 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
973 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
975 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
977 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
980 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
981 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
982 the error reporting code. */
985 for (nend = name; *nend || nend != (origname + len); nend++) {
990 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
996 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
997 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
998 SV * const tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1000 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK((HV*)CopSTASH(PL_curcop)))
1002 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
1003 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), SvUTF8(tmpstr));
1004 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1005 origname, HvNAME_get(stash), name) );
1008 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1009 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, is_utf8);
1011 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
1012 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
1013 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
1014 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
1015 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, is_utf8))
1016 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(origname, nsplit - origname, flags);
1021 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1023 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1024 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1026 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1027 ostash, name, nend - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1029 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1030 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1033 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1034 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1035 * require it first instead of croaking */
1036 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1037 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1038 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1039 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1040 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1042 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1043 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1048 "Can't locate object method \"%"SVf
1049 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1050 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, nend - name,
1051 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)),
1052 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1058 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, nsplit - origname,
1059 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1061 packnamesv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(error_report));
1065 "Can't locate object method \"%"SVf"\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1066 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1067 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, nend - name,
1068 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)),
1069 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1073 else if (autoload) {
1074 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1075 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1083 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1086 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1087 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1088 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1089 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1099 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1103 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1104 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1107 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1111 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1113 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1114 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1118 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1126 SV *packname = NULL;
1127 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1129 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1131 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1134 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1135 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1136 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1137 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1138 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1142 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1144 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, is_utf8)))
1148 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1152 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1155 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1156 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1158 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1159 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf"::%"SVf"() is deprecated",
1161 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, len, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)));
1164 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1165 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1166 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1168 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1169 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1170 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1171 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1172 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1175 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1176 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1177 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1178 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1179 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1180 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1181 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1183 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1184 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1186 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1187 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1188 SV *tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1190 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1193 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1194 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1195 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1197 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1199 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1200 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1202 SvREFCNT_dec(tmpsv);
1203 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1207 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1211 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1217 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1218 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1219 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1220 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1222 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1223 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1227 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1228 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1229 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1233 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1234 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1235 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1236 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1237 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1240 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1248 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1249 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1251 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1252 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
1253 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1254 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
1255 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
1256 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1257 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1258 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1261 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
1264 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1266 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1268 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, methpv, FALSE))) {
1269 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
1270 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
1271 so save it. For the moment it's always
1273 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1278 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1279 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1283 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1285 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" is not available",
1286 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv));
1287 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
1288 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
1289 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
1291 SvREFCNT_dec(namesv);
1296 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1298 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1299 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1305 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1307 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1308 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1312 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1314 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1315 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1316 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1317 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1318 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then NULL
1326 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1332 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1334 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1336 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1339 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1340 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1341 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1342 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1343 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1344 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1348 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1349 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1351 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1352 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1354 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1355 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1356 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1357 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1358 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1364 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1366 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See C<gv_stashpvn>.
1372 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1375 const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv,len);
1377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1379 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, flags | SvUTF8(sv));
1384 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1385 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1386 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1390 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1392 const char * const nambeg =
1393 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1394 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1395 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1399 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1403 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1407 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1412 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
1413 const svtype sv_type)
1416 register const char *name = nambeg;
1417 register GV *gv = NULL;
1420 register const char *name_cursor;
1422 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
1423 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
1424 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
1425 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1426 bool addmg = !!(flags & GV_ADDMG);
1427 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1428 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1431 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
1433 if (flags & GV_NOTQUAL) {
1434 /* Caller promised that there is no stash, so we can skip the check. */
1439 if (full_len > 2 && *name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1440 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1444 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1445 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1446 ((*name_cursor == ':'
1447 && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1448 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1451 stash = PL_defstash;
1452 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1455 len = name_cursor - name;
1456 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1458 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1463 Newx(tmpbuf, len+2, char);
1464 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
1465 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1466 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1469 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, key, is_utf8 ? -len : len, add);
1470 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1471 if (gv && gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1472 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1473 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, key, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1479 if (!gv || gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1482 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
1484 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
1485 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1486 if (GvSTASH(gv) == PL_defstash && len == 6
1487 && strnEQ(name, "CORE", 4))
1488 hv_name_set(stash, "CORE", 4, 0);
1491 stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1493 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1494 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1495 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(gv))->xhv_name_count)
1496 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, gv, 1);
1499 else if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
1500 hv_name_set(stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1503 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1505 name = name_cursor+1;
1506 if (name == name_end)
1508 ? gv : MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1511 len = name_cursor - name;
1513 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1517 if (len && isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
1518 bool global = FALSE;
1526 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1527 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1528 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1532 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1537 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1538 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1542 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1543 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1544 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1548 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1549 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1556 stash = PL_defstash;
1557 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1558 stash = PL_curstash;
1559 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1560 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1561 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1562 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1563 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1564 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1565 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1567 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,0);
1569 *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1570 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1574 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1575 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1576 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1578 SV* namesv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1579 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1581 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1582 "Variable \"%c%"SVf"\" is not imported",
1583 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1584 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1588 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1589 "\t(Did you mean &%"SVf" instead?)\n", SVfARG(namesv)
1596 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1599 stash = PL_defstash;
1602 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
1606 SV * const err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
1607 "Global symbol \"%s%"SVf"\" requires explicit package name",
1608 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1609 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1610 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1611 : ""), SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, len, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)));
1613 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
1616 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1618 /* symbol table under destruction */
1627 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1630 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,add);
1631 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1632 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
1635 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
1636 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
1639 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1642 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
1643 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
1644 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
1646 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1647 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
1648 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1650 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
1652 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1653 else if (*name == '&' || *name == '`' || *name == '\'') {
1654 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
1659 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
1660 && strnEQ(name, "ISA", 3)
1661 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
1662 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1665 } else if (no_init) {
1668 } else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
1673 /* Adding a new symbol.
1674 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
1675 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
1677 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
1678 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
1680 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
1682 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
1683 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %"SVf" unexpectedly",
1684 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(nambeg, name_end-nambeg, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8 )));
1685 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1687 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8)
1688 && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
1691 /* set up magic where warranted */
1692 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1693 /* We only have to check for three names here: EXPORT, ISA
1694 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1695 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1697 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1700 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1704 if (strEQ(name2, "SA"))
1705 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1708 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1714 goto add_magical_gv;
1717 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1718 /* Avoid null warning: */
1719 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1720 if (strnEQ(stashname, "CORE", 4))
1721 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1728 /* Nothing else to do.
1729 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1730 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1731 the common case of lower case variable names. */
1735 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1738 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1739 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1741 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1746 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1750 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1751 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1755 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1758 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1759 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1760 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1761 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1763 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1764 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1765 use didn't clean up fully because
1766 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1767 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1768 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1769 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1770 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1771 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1772 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1773 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1777 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1778 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1779 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1781 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1786 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1789 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1790 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1793 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1794 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1797 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1798 if (strEQ(name2, "LOBAL_PHASE"))
1801 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1802 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH"))
1804 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1805 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1808 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1809 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH") || strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH"))
1812 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1813 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1816 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1817 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1819 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1821 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1824 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1825 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1838 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1840 /* This snippet is taken from is_gv_magical */
1841 const char *end = name + len;
1842 while (--end > name) {
1843 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) goto add_magical_gv;
1850 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
1851 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
1857 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
1858 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
1859 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
1860 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
1862 )) { PL_sawampersand = TRUE; }
1866 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
1870 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
1871 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
1877 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
1879 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1881 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
1882 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1884 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1886 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1892 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
1894 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1895 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
1897 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1898 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1900 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1903 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1905 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1907 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1914 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
1915 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
1916 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1917 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1920 sv_setiv(GvSVn(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
1923 case '\010': /* $^H */
1925 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1926 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1930 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1931 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
1932 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1933 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1936 else goto magicalize;
1938 case '\023': /* $^S */
1940 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1964 case '\001': /* $^A */
1965 case '\003': /* $^C */
1966 case '\004': /* $^D */
1967 case '\005': /* $^E */
1968 case '\006': /* $^F */
1969 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1970 case '\016': /* $^N */
1971 case '\017': /* $^O */
1972 case '\020': /* $^P */
1973 case '\024': /* $^T */
1974 case '\027': /* $^W */
1976 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1979 case '\014': /* $^L */
1980 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
1981 PL_formfeed = GvSVn(gv);
1984 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
1988 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
1989 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
1990 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
1991 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
1992 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1996 case '\026': /* $^V */
1998 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
1999 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2000 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2008 if (GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv) || (
2009 GvSV(gv) && (SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv)))
2011 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2012 else SvREFCNT_dec(gv), gv = NULL;
2014 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2019 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2022 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2024 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2026 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2028 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2029 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2030 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2031 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2035 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2036 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2040 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2042 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2044 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2046 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2050 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ const HV *stash)
2055 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2057 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
2059 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2061 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2064 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
2065 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2067 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
2068 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2070 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2071 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2073 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2074 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2077 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2079 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2081 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2082 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2084 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2085 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2086 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2087 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2088 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2095 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2098 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2100 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"SVf"::_GEN_%ld",
2101 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(pack, strlen(pack),
2107 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2110 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2118 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2119 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2120 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2121 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
2130 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2136 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2138 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2139 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2140 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2141 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2144 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
2145 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2152 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2154 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2155 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2156 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2157 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2158 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2159 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2160 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2162 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2171 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2175 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2176 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2177 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2178 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2179 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek)
2180 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, HEK_KEY(hvname_hek),
2181 (HEK_UTF8(hvname_hek) ? -HEK_LEN(hvname_hek) : HEK_LEN(hvname_hek)),
2189 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2195 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2197 if (--attempts == 0) {
2199 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2200 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2210 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2212 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2213 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2215 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2217 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2219 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2220 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2222 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2223 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2230 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2232 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2233 * 0 if there is no overload
2234 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2238 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2241 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2243 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2246 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2248 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2250 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2251 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2252 return AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2254 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2257 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2260 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2261 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2265 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
2268 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2270 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2271 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2272 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2277 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2278 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
2280 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2282 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2285 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2286 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2288 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2290 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
2291 amt.table[i] = NULL;
2292 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2293 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2294 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2295 const char * const cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
2296 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2298 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2299 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2300 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2301 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2302 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2303 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2304 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2305 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2306 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2307 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
2308 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0, 0);
2309 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
2310 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2312 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
2313 if(GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")){
2314 const char * const hvname = HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2315 if (hvname && HEK_LEN(HvNAME_HEK(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)))) == 8
2316 && strEQ(hvname, "overload")) {
2317 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2318 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2319 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2321 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2323 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2324 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2325 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2326 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2327 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2329 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2334 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2336 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2337 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2338 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2339 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2340 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2341 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2349 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2352 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2353 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2354 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2356 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
2358 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2359 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2362 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2365 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2367 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
2368 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2369 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2373 /* Here we have no table: */
2375 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2376 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2377 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2383 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2389 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2391 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2394 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2395 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2397 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2400 /* If we're looking up a destructor to invoke, we must avoid
2401 * that Gv_AMupdate croaks, because we might be dying already */
2402 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, cBOOL(id == DESTROY_amg)) == -1) {
2403 /* and if it didn't found a destructor, we fall back
2404 * to a simpler method that will only look for the
2405 * destructor instead of the whole magic */
2406 if (id == DESTROY_amg) {
2407 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, "DESTROY");
2413 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2416 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2417 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2419 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2420 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2421 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2422 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2423 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2424 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2425 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2426 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2438 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2439 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2441 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2443 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2447 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2451 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2455 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2456 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2457 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2462 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2463 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2473 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2479 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2480 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2483 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2485 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2486 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2490 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2493 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2494 SV* const right = TOPs;
2500 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2501 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2502 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0));
2504 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2511 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2512 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2522 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2523 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2525 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2528 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2529 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2531 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2534 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2536 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2538 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2544 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2547 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2549 while (SvAMAGIC(ref) &&
2550 (tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2551 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2553 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2554 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2555 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
2560 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
2564 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
2566 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
2568 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
2570 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
2571 /* overloading lexically disabled */
2573 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
2574 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
2575 * masked by overloading.pm */
2577 const int offset = method / 8;
2578 const int bit = method % 8;
2579 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
2581 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
2582 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
2589 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
2594 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
2595 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
2596 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
2597 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
2598 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
2599 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
2600 int use_default_op = 0;
2606 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
2608 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
2609 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
2612 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
2613 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
2614 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2615 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2616 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2618 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
2619 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
2625 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
2626 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
2628 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
2631 /* look for substituted methods */
2632 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
2636 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
2637 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
2638 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2643 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
2644 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
2645 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2649 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2652 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2655 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2658 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
2659 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
2660 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2667 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
2670 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
2671 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
2673 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
2674 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
2676 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
2677 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
2678 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
2679 delegate to the stash. */
2680 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
2686 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
2687 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
2688 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2690 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2691 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
2692 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
2694 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2695 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
2696 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
2699 if (off==subtr_amg) {
2710 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
2712 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2717 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2718 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2721 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2729 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2734 if (!cv) goto not_found;
2735 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
2736 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
2737 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2738 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2739 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2741 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
2742 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
2748 cv = cvp[off=method])))) { /* Method for right
2751 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
2752 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
2753 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
2754 /* We look for substitution for
2755 * comparison operations and
2757 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
2758 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
2759 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
2781 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2785 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2795 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
2803 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2806 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
2807 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
2808 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
2809 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
2810 } else if ((use_default_op =
2811 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
2812 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
2814 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
2818 if (off==-1) off=method;
2819 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
2820 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
2821 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2822 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
2824 "in overloaded package ":
2825 "has no overloaded magic",
2827 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
2830 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
2833 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
2835 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
2836 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
2837 if (use_default_op) {
2838 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
2840 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
2844 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
2849 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2850 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
2852 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2854 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2855 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
2856 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
2857 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
2858 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
2859 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
2860 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
2861 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
2864 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
2865 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
2866 * version of copy operator
2868 /* We need to copy in following cases:
2869 * a) Assignment form was called.
2870 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
2871 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
2872 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
2873 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
2874 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
2876 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
2877 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
2879 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
2880 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
2883 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
2884 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
2886 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
2887 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
2890 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
2891 * information by hand */
2892 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
2894 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
2895 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
2897 SvREFCNT_dec(tmpRef);
2905 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
2908 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
2909 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
2910 myop.op_next = NULL;
2911 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
2913 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
2916 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
2917 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
2918 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
2920 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
2922 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
2923 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
2924 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
2925 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
2927 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2928 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
2930 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2933 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
2941 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
2948 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
2951 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
2954 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
2957 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
2960 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
2963 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
2966 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
2968 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
2973 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
2975 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
2977 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
2985 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
2990 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
2993 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
2995 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
2996 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
2999 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3000 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3004 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3006 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3007 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3008 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3009 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3010 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3011 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3012 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3014 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3016 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3017 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3018 more compactly represents the same thing.
3024 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3030 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3032 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3034 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3036 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3037 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3038 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3039 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3040 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3041 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3043 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3045 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3046 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3048 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3049 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3055 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3056 (void)hv_delete(stash, HEK_KEY(gvnhek),
3057 HEK_UTF8(gvnhek) ? -HEK_LEN(gvnhek) : HEK_LEN(gvnhek), G_DISCARD);
3058 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv &&
3059 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3060 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3061 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3062 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3063 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3064 (gvp = hv_fetch(stash, HEK_KEY(namehek),
3065 HEK_LEN(namehek)*(HEK_UTF8(namehek) ? -1 : 1), 0)) &&
3067 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3071 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK;
3072 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3073 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3074 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3081 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3084 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3090 * c-indentation-style: bsd
3092 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
3095 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: