perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *    Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
   5  *
   6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   8  *
   9  */
  10
  11 /*
  12  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  13  *  All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  14  *
  15  *     [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
  16  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  20  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  21  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  22  *
  23  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  24  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  25  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  26  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  27  *
  28  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  29  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  30  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  31  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  32  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  33  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  34  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  35  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  36  *
  37  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  38  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  39  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  40  *
  41  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  42  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  43  * an action.
  44  */
  45
  46 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  47
  48 %pure_parser
  49
  50 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  51
  52 %start grammar
  53
  54 %union {
  55     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  56                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  57     char *pval;
  58     OP *opval;
  59     GV *gvval;
  60 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  61     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  62     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  63 #else
  64     char *p_tkval;
  65     I32 i_tkval;
  66 #endif
  67 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  68     TOKEN* tkval;
  69 #endif
  70 }
  71
  72 %token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ
  73
  74 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
  75
  76 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
  77 %token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  78 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
  79 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  80 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  81 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  82 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  83 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
  84 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  85 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  86 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  87 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  88 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR
  89
  90 %type <i_tkval> lpar_or_qw
  91
  92 %type <ival> grammar remember mremember
  93 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  94 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  95 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  96
  97 %type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
  98 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  99 %type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
 100 %type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr indirob listop method
 101 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
 102 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
 103 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
 104
 105 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 106 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 107
 108 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 109 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 110 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 111 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 112 %left <i_tkval> ','
 113 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 114 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 115 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
 116 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 117 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 118 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 119 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 120 %nonassoc EQOP
 121 %nonassoc RELOP
 122 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 123 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 124 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 125 %left ADDOP
 126 %left MULOP
 127 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 128 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 129 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 130 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 131 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 132 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 133 %left <i_tkval> '('
 134 %left '[' '{'
 135
 136 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 137
 138 %% /* RULES */
 139
 140 /* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
 141 grammar :       GRAMPROG
 142                         {
 143                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 144                         }
 145                 remember stmtseq
 146                         {
 147                           newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
 148                           $$ = 0;
 149                         }
 150         |       GRAMEXPR
 151                         {
 152                           parser->expect = XTERM;
 153                         }
 154                 optexpr
 155                         {
 156                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 157                           $$ = 0;
 158                         }
 159         |       GRAMBLOCK
 160                         {
 161                           parser->expect = XBLOCK;
 162                         }
 163                 block
 164                         {
 165                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 166                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 167                           $$ = 0;
 168                           yyunlex();
 169                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 170                         }
 171         |       GRAMBARESTMT
 172                         {
 173                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 174                         }
 175                 barestmt
 176                         {
 177                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 178                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 179                           $$ = 0;
 180                           yyunlex();
 181                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 182                         }
 183         |       GRAMFULLSTMT
 184                         {
 185                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 186                         }
 187                 fullstmt
 188                         {
 189                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 190                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 191                           $$ = 0;
 192                           yyunlex();
 193                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 194                         }
 195         |       GRAMSTMTSEQ
 196                         {
 197                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 198                         }
 199                 stmtseq
 200                         {
 201                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 202                           $$ = 0;
 203                         }
 204         ;
 205
 206 /* An ordinary block */
 207 block   :       '{' remember stmtseq '}'
 208                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 209                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 210                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 211                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 212                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 213                         }
 214         ;
 215
 216 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 217                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 218         ;
 219
 220 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 221                         { $$ = (I32) Perl_allocmy(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN("$_"), 0); }
 222         ;
 223
 224 mblock  :       '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
 225                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 226                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 227                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 228                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 229                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 230                         }
 231         ;
 232
 233 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 234                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 235         ;
 236
 237 /* A sequence of statements in the program */
 238 stmtseq :       /* NULL */
 239                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 240         |       stmtseq fullstmt
 241                         {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
 242                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 243                             if ($1 && $2)
 244                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 245                         }
 246         ;
 247
 248 /* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
 249 fullstmt:       barestmt
 250                         {
 251                           if($1) {
 252                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $1);
 253                           } else {
 254                               $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), NULL);
 255                           }
 256                         }
 257         |       labfullstmt
 258                         { $$ = $1; }
 259         ;
 260
 261 labfullstmt:    LABEL barestmt
 262                         {
 263                           $$ = newSTATEOP(SvUTF8(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv),
 264                                         savepv(SvPVX(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv)), $2);
 265                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,
 266                               $2 ? cLISTOPx($$)->op_first : $$, 'L');
 267                         }
 268         |       LABEL labfullstmt
 269                         {
 270                           $$ = newSTATEOP(SvUTF8(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv),
 271                                         savepv(SvPVX(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv)), $2);
 272                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1, cLISTOPx($$)->op_first, 'L');
 273                         }
 274         ;
 275
 276 /* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
 277 barestmt:       PLUGSTMT
 278                         { $$ = $1; }
 279         |       PEG
 280                         {
 281                           $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 282                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 283                         }
 284         |       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 285                         {
 286                           CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
 287                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 288 #ifdef MAD
 289                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 290                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 291                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 292                           token_free($1);
 293 #else
 294                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 295                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 296 #endif
 297                           if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvUNIQUE(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
 298                               SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(fmtcv);
 299                               pad_add_anon(fmtcv, OP_NULL);
 300                           }
 301                         }
 302         |       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 303                         {
 304                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 305 #ifdef MAD
 306                           {
 307                               OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 308                                 (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 309                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 310                               op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 311                               op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 312                               op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 313                               op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 314                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 315                               append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 316                               $6->op_madprop = 0;
 317                           }
 318 #else
 319                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 320                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 321 #endif
 322                         }
 323         |       MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 324                         {
 325                           /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 326                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 327 #ifdef MAD
 328                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 329                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 330 #else
 331                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 332                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 333 #endif
 334                         }
 335         |       PACKAGE WORD WORD ';'
 336                         {
 337 #ifdef MAD
 338                           $$ = package($3);
 339                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 340                           if ($2)
 341                               package_version($2);
 342                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
 343 #else
 344                           package($3);
 345                           if ($2)
 346                               package_version($2);
 347                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 348 #endif
 349                         }
 350         |       USE startsub
 351                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 352                 WORD WORD optlistexpr ';'
 353                         {
 354                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 355 #ifdef MAD
 356                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 357                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 358                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 359                           if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
 360                                       AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 361                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_NULL, NULL, 0), $$, 0);
 362 #else
 363                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 364                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 365 #endif
 366                         }
 367         |       IF lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 368                         {
 369                           $$ = block_end($3,
 370                               newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
 371                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 372                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 373                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 374                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 375                         }
 376         |       UNLESS lpar_or_qw remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 377                         {
 378                           $$ = block_end($3,
 379                               newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
 380                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 381                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 382                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 383                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 384                         }
 385         |       GIVEN lpar_or_qw remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 386                         {
 387                           $$ = block_end($3,
 388                                   newGIVENOP($5, op_scope($7), (PADOFFSET)$4));
 389                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 390                         }
 391         |       WHEN lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock
 392                         { $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
 393         |       DEFAULT block
 394                         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
 395         |       WHILE lpar_or_qw remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 396                         {
 397                           $$ = block_end($3,
 398                                   newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 399                                       $4, $7, $8, $6));
 400                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 401                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 402                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 403                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 404                         }
 405         |       UNTIL lpar_or_qw remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 406                         {
 407                           $$ = block_end($3,
 408                                   newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 409                                       $4, $7, $8, $6));
 410                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 411                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 412                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 413                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 414                         }
 415         |       FOR lpar_or_qw remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 416                 mblock
 417                         {
 418                           OP *initop = IF_MAD($4 ? $4 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0), $4);
 419                           OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 420                                       scalar($6), $11, $9, $8);
 421                           if (initop) {
 422                               forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
 423                                   op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 424                                       newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
 425                                       forop));
 426                           }
 427                           DO_MAD({ forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, forop); })
 428                           $$ = block_end($3, forop);
 429                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'3');
 430                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 431                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'1');
 432                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,'2');
 433                           TOKEN_GETMAD($10,$$,')');
 434                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 435                         }
 436         |       FOR MY remember my_scalar lpar_or_qw mexpr ')' mblock cont
 437                         {
 438                           $$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
 439                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 440                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'d');
 441                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'(');
 442                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,')');
 443                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 444                         }
 445         |       FOR scalar lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 446                         {
 447                           $$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
 448                                       op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
 449                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 450                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 451                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 452                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 453                         }
 454         |       FOR lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 455                         {
 456                           $$ = block_end($3,
 457                                   newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $4, $6, $7));
 458                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 459                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 460                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 461                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 462                         }
 463         |       block cont
 464                         {
 465                           /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 466                           $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 467                                   (OP*)NULL, $1, $2, 0);
 468                         }
 469         |       PACKAGE WORD WORD '{' remember
 470                         {
 471                           int save_3_latefree = $3->op_latefree;
 472                           $3->op_latefree = 1;
 473                           package($3);
 474                           $3->op_latefree = save_3_latefree;
 475                           if ($2) {
 476                               int save_2_latefree = $2->op_latefree;
 477                               $2->op_latefree = 1;
 478                               package_version($2);
 479                               $2->op_latefree = save_2_latefree;
 480                           }
 481                         }
 482                 stmtseq '}'
 483                         {
 484                           /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 485                           $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 486                                   (OP*)NULL, block_end($5, $7), (OP*)NULL, 0);
 487                           op_free($3);
 488                           if ($2)
 489                               op_free($2);
 490                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'{');
 491                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,$$,'}');
 492                           if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($4))
 493                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($4);
 494                         }
 495         |       sideff ';'
 496                         {
 497                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 498                           $$ = $1;
 499                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 500                         }
 501         |       ';'
 502                         {
 503                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 504                           $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), (OP*)NULL);
 505                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 506                           PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
 507                         }
 508         ;
 509
 510 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 511 sideff  :       error
 512                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 513         |       expr
 514                         { $$ = $1; }
 515         |       expr IF expr
 516                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 517                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 518                         }
 519         |       expr UNLESS expr
 520                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 521                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 522                         }
 523         |       expr WHILE expr
 524                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 525                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 526                         }
 527         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 528                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 529                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 530                         }
 531         |       expr FOR expr
 532                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
 533                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 534                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 535                         }
 536         |       expr WHEN expr
 537                         { $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
 538         ;
 539
 540 /* else and elsif blocks */
 541 else    :       /* NULL */
 542                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 543         |       ELSE mblock
 544                         {
 545                           ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
 546                           $$ = op_scope($2);
 547                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 548                         }
 549         |       ELSIF lpar_or_qw mexpr ')' mblock else
 550                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 551                             $$ = newCONDOP(0,
 552                                 newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
 553                                 op_scope($5), $6);
 554                           PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 555                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 556                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 557                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 558                         }
 559         ;
 560
 561 /* Continue blocks */
 562 cont    :       /* NULL */
 563                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 564         |       CONTINUE block
 565                         {
 566                           $$ = op_scope($2);
 567                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 568                         }
 569         ;
 570
 571 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 572 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 573                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 574                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 575                           intro_my(); }
 576
 577 /* Normal expression */
 578 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 579                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 580         |       sideff
 581         ;
 582
 583 /* Boolean expression */
 584 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 585                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 586                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 587                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 588         |       expr
 589         ;
 590
 591 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 592 iexpr   :       expr
 593                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 594         ;
 595
 596 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 597 mexpr   :       expr
 598                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 599         ;
 600
 601 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 602                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 603         ;
 604
 605 miexpr  :       iexpr
 606                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 607         ;
 608
 609 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 610         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 611         ;
 612
 613 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 614                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 615                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 616
 617         ;
 618
 619 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 620                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 621                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 622         ;
 623
 624 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 625                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 626                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 627         ;
 628
 629 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 630 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 631                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 632                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 633                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 634                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 635                           $$ = $1; }
 636         ;
 637
 638 /* Subroutine prototype */
 639 proto   :       /* NULL */
 640                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 641         |       THING
 642         ;
 643
 644 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 645 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 646                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 647         |       COLONATTR THING
 648                         { $$ = $2;
 649                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 650                         }
 651         |       COLONATTR
 652                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 653                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 654                                     (OP*)NULL
 655                                 );
 656                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 657                         }
 658         ;
 659
 660 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 661 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 662                         { $$ = $2;
 663                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 664                         }
 665         |       COLONATTR
 666                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 667                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 668                                     (OP*)NULL
 669                                 );
 670                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 671                         }
 672         ;
 673
 674 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 675 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 676         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 677                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 678                                     (OP*)NULL
 679                                 );
 680                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 681                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 682                         }
 683         ;
 684
 685 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 686 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 687                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 688                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 689                         }
 690         |       expr OROP expr
 691                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 692                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 693                         }
 694         |       expr DOROP expr
 695                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 696                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 697                         }
 698         |       listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 699         ;
 700
 701 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 702 listexpr:       listexpr ','
 703                         {
 704 #ifdef MAD
 705                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 706                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 707                           $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 708 #else
 709                           $$ = $1;
 710 #endif
 711                         }
 712         |       listexpr ',' term
 713                         {
 714                           OP* term = $3;
 715                           DO_MAD(
 716                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 717                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 718                           )
 719                           $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 720                         }
 721         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 722         ;
 723
 724 /* List operators */
 725 listop  :       LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 726                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 727                                 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 728                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 729                         }
 730         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 731                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 732                                 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 733                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 734                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 735                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 736                         }
 737         |       term ARROW method lpar_or_qw optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 738                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 739                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 740                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 741                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 742                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 743                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 744                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 745                         }
 746         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 747                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 748                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 749                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 750                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 751                         }
 752         |       METHOD indirob optlistexpr           /* new Class @args */
 753                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 754                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 755                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 756                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 757                         }
 758         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')'    /* method $object (@args) */
 759                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 760                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 761                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 762                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 763                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 764                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 765                         }
 766         |       LSTOP optlistexpr                    /* print @args */
 767                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 768                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 769                         }
 770         |       FUNC '(' optexpr ')'                 /* print (@args) */
 771                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 772                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 773                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 774                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 775                         }
 776         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 777                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 778                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
 779                     optlistexpr         %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 780                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 781                                  op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 782                                    op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 783                         }
 784         ;
 785
 786 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 787 method  :       METHOD
 788         |       scalar
 789         ;
 790
 791 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 792 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 793                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 794                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 795                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 796                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 797                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 798                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 799                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 800                         }
 801         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 802                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 803                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 804                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 805                         }
 806         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 807                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 808                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 809                                         scalar($4));
 810                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 811                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 812                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 813                         }
 814         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 815                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 816                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 817                                         scalar($3));
 818                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 819                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 820                         }
 821         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo{bar();} */
 822                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 823                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 824                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 825                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 826                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 827                         }
 828         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 829                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 830                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 831                                         jmaybe($4));
 832                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 833                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 834                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 835                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 836                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 837                         }
 838         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 839                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 840                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 841                                         jmaybe($3));
 842                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 843                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 844                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 845                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 846                         }
 847         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 848                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 849                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 850                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 851                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 852                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 853                         }
 854         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 855                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 856                                    op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 857                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 858                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 859                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 860                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 861                         }
 862
 863         |       subscripted lpar_or_qw expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 864                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 865                                    op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 866                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 867                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 868                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 869                         }
 870         |       subscripted lpar_or_qw ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 871                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 872                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 873                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 874                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 875                         }
 876         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 877                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 878                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 879                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 880                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 881                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 882                         }
 883         |       QWLIST '[' expr ']'            /* list literal slice */
 884                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1);
 885                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 886                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 887                         }
 888         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 889                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
 890                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 891                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 892                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 893                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 894                         }
 895     ;
 896
 897 /* Binary operators between terms */
 898 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 899                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 900                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 901                         }
 902         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 903                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 904                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 905                         }
 906         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 907                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 908                                 scalar($1);
 909                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 910                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 911                         }
 912         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 913                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 914                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 915                         }
 916         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 917                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 918                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 919                         }
 920         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 921                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 922                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 923                         }
 924         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 925                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 926                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 927                         }
 928         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 929                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 930                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 931                         }
 932         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 933                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 934                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 935                         }
 936         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 937                         {
 938                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 939                           DO_MAD({
 940                               UNOP *op;
 941                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 942                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 943                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 944                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 945                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 946                             })
 947                         }
 948         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 949                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 950                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 951                         }
 952         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 953                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 954                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 955                         }
 956         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 957                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 958                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 959                         }
 960         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 961                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
 962                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
 963                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
 964                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
 965                                 '~');
 966                         }
 967     ;
 968
 969 /* Unary operators and terms */
 970 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 971                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
 972                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 973                         }
 974         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 975                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 976                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
 977                                     $2
 978                                 );
 979                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
 980                         }
 981         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 982                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
 983                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 984                         }
 985         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 986                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
 987                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 988                         }
 989         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 990                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 991                                         op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
 992                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 993                         }
 994         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 995                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 996                                         op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
 997                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 998                         }
 999         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
1000                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1001                                         op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
1002                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1003                         }
1004         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
1005                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1006                                         op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
1007                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1008                         }
1009
1010     ;
1011
1012 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1013 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
1014                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
1015                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1016                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
1017                         }
1018         |       '[' ']'
1019                         { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
1020                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1021                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
1022                         }
1023         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1024                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
1025                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1026                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
1027                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1028                         }
1029         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1030                         { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1031                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1032                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1033                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1034                         }
1035         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1036                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1037                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1038                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1039                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1040                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1041                         }
1042
1043     ;
1044
1045 /* Things called with "do" */
1046 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1047                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1048                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1049                         }
1050         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1051                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($2));
1052                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1053                         }
1054         |       DO WORD lpar_or_qw ')'                  /* do somesub() */
1055                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1056                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1057                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1058                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1059                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1060                                     scalar($2)
1061                                 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1062                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1063                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1064                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1065                         }
1066         |       DO WORD lpar_or_qw expr ')'             /* do somesub(@args) */
1067                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1068                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1069                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
1070                                 $4,
1071                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1072                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1073                                     scalar($2)
1074                                 )))); dep();
1075                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1076                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1077                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1078                         }
1079         |       DO scalar lpar_or_qw ')'                /* do $subref () */
1080                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1081                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1082                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1083                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1084                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1085                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1086                         }
1087         |       DO scalar lpar_or_qw expr ')'           /* do $subref (@args) */
1088                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1089                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1090                                 $4,
1091                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1092                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1093                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1094                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1095                         }
1096
1097         ;
1098
1099 term    :       termbinop
1100         |       termunop
1101         |       anonymous
1102         |       termdo
1103         |       term '?' term ':' term
1104                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1105                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1106                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1107                         }
1108         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1109                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue($2,OP_REFGEN));
1110                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1111                         }
1112         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1113                         { $$ = $1; }
1114         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1115                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1116                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1117                         }
1118         |       '(' expr ')'
1119                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1120                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1121                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1122                         }
1123         |       QWLIST
1124                         { $$ = IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$1), $1); }
1125         |       '(' ')'
1126                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1127                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1128                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1129                         }
1130         |       scalar  %prec '('
1131                         { $$ = $1; }
1132         |       star    %prec '('
1133                         { $$ = $1; }
1134         |       hsh     %prec '('
1135                         { $$ = $1; }
1136         |       ary     %prec '('
1137                         { $$ = $1; }
1138         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1139                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1140         |       subscripted
1141                         { $$ = $1; }
1142         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1143                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1144                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1145                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1146                                         list($3),
1147                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1148                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1149                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1150                         }
1151         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1152                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1153                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1154                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1155                                         list($3),
1156                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1157                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1158                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1159                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1160                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1161                         }
1162         |       THING   %prec '('
1163                         { $$ = $1; }
1164         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1165                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1166         |       amper lpar_or_qw ')'                 /* &foo() */
1167                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1168                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1169                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1170                         }
1171         |       amper lpar_or_qw expr ')'            /* &foo(@args) */
1172                         {
1173                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1174                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1175                           DO_MAD({
1176                               OP* op = $$;
1177                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1178                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1179                               }
1180                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1181                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1182                           })
1183                         }
1184         |       NOAMP WORD optlistexpr               /* foo(@args) */
1185                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1186                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1187                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1188                         }
1189         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1190                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1191                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1192                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1193                         }
1194         |       LOOPEX term
1195                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1196                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1197                         }
1198         |       NOTOP listexpr                       /* not $foo */
1199                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1200                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1201                         }
1202         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1203                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1204                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1205                         }
1206         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1207                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1208                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1209                         }
1210         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1211                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1212                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1213                         }
1214         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
1215                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1216                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1217                         }
1218         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
1219                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1220                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1221                         }
1222         |       UNIOPSUB
1223                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1224         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1225                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1226                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1227         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1228                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1229                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1230                         }
1231         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1232                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1233                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1234                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1235                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1236                         }
1237         |       FUNC0OP       /* Same as above, but op created in toke.c */
1238                         { $$ = $1; }
1239         |       FUNC0OP '(' ')'
1240                         { $$ = $1;
1241                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1242                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1243                         }
1244         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1245                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1246                                 scalar($1)); }
1247         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1248                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1249                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1250                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1251
1252                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1253                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1254                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1255                         }
1256         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1257                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1258                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1259                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1260                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1261                         }
1262         |       PMFUNC '(' listexpr ')'         /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1263                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1264                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1265                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1266                         }
1267         |       WORD
1268         |       listop
1269         |       YADAYADA
1270                         {
1271                           $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1272                                 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1273                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'X');
1274                         }
1275         |       PLUGEXPR
1276         ;
1277
1278 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1279 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1280                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1281                           DO_MAD(
1282                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1283                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1284                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1285                           )
1286                         }
1287         |       MY myterm
1288                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1289                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1290                         }
1291         ;
1292
1293 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1294 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1295                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1296                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1297                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1298                         }
1299         |       '(' ')'
1300                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1301                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1302                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1303                         }
1304         |       scalar  %prec '('
1305                         { $$ = $1; }
1306         |       hsh     %prec '('
1307                         { $$ = $1; }
1308         |       ary     %prec '('
1309                         { $$ = $1; }
1310         ;
1311
1312 /* Basic list expressions */
1313 optlistexpr:    /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1314                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1315         |       listexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1316                         { $$ = $1; }
1317         ;
1318
1319 optexpr:        /* NULL */
1320                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1321         |       expr
1322                         { $$ = $1; }
1323         ;
1324
1325 lpar_or_qw:     '('
1326                         { $$ = $1; }
1327         |       QWLIST
1328                         { munge_qwlist_to_paren_list($1); }
1329                 '('
1330                         { $$ = $3; }
1331         ;
1332
1333 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1334    lexical */
1335 my_scalar:      scalar
1336                         { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1337         ;
1338
1339 amper   :       '&' indirob
1340                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1341                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1342                         }
1343         ;
1344
1345 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1346                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1347                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1348                         }
1349         ;
1350
1351 ary     :       '@' indirob
1352                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1353                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1354                         }
1355         ;
1356
1357 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1358                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1359                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1360                         }
1361         ;
1362
1363 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1364                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1365                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1366                         }
1367         ;
1368
1369 star    :       '*' indirob
1370                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1371                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1372                         }
1373         ;
1374
1375 /* Indirect objects */
1376 indirob :       WORD
1377                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1378         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1379                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1380         |       block
1381                         { $$ = op_scope($1); }
1382
1383         |       PRIVATEREF
1384                         { $$ = $1; }
1385         ;