1 # File/Copy.pm. Written in 1994 by Aaron Sherman <ajs@ajs.com>. This
2 # source code has been placed in the public domain by the author.
3 # Please be kind and preserve the documentation.
5 # Additions copyright 1996 by Charles Bailey. Permission is granted
6 # to distribute the revised code under the same terms as Perl itself.
16 our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, $VERSION, $Too_Big, $Syscopy_is_copy);
22 # Note that this module implements only *part* of the API defined by
23 # the File/Copy.pm module of the File-Tools-2.0 package. However, that
24 # package has not yet been updated to work with Perl 5.004, and so it
25 # would be a Bad Thing for the CPAN module to grab it and replace this
26 # module. Therefore, we set this module's version higher than 2.0.
31 @EXPORT = qw(copy move);
32 @EXPORT_OK = qw(cp mv);
34 $Too_Big = 1024 * 1024 * 2;
38 $macfiles = eval { require Mac::MoreFiles };
39 warn 'Mac::MoreFiles could not be loaded; using non-native syscopy'
45 if (not defined &basename) {
46 require File::Basename;
47 import File::Basename 'basename';
51 # a partial dir name that's valid only in the cwd (e.g. 'tmp')
52 $to = ':' . $to if $to !~ /:/;
55 return File::Spec->catfile($to, basename($from));
59 croak("Usage: copy(FROM, TO [, BUFFERSIZE]) ")
60 unless(@_ == 2 || @_ == 3);
65 my $from_a_handle = (ref($from)
66 ? (ref($from) eq 'GLOB'
67 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'GLOB')
68 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'IO::Handle'))
69 : (ref(\$from) eq 'GLOB'));
70 my $to_a_handle = (ref($to)
72 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'GLOB')
73 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'IO::Handle'))
74 : (ref(\$to) eq 'GLOB'));
76 if ($from eq $to) { # works for references, too
77 carp("'$from' and '$to' are identical (not copied)");
78 # The "copy" was a success as the source and destination contain
83 if ((($Config{d_symlink} && $Config{d_readlink}) || $Config{d_link}) &&
84 !($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'vms')) {
88 if (@ts && $fs[0] == $ts[0] && $fs[1] == $ts[1]) {
89 carp("'$from' and '$to' are identical (not copied)");
95 if (!$from_a_handle && !$to_a_handle && -d $to && ! -d $from) {
96 $to = _catname($from, $to);
99 if (defined &syscopy && !$Syscopy_is_copy
101 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'os2' ) # OS/2 cannot handle handles
102 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'mpeix') # and neither can MPE/iX.
103 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MSWin32')
104 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MacOS')
105 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'NetWare')
108 return syscopy($from, $to);
113 my ($size, $status, $r, $buf);
117 if ($from_a_handle) {
120 $from = _protect($from) if $from =~ /^\s/s;
121 $from_h = \do { local *FH };
122 open($from_h, "< $from\0") or goto fail_open1;
123 binmode $from_h or die "($!,$^E)";
131 $to = _protect($to) if $to =~ /^\s/s;
132 $to_h = \do { local *FH };
133 open($to_h,"> $to\0") or goto fail_open2;
134 binmode $to_h or die "($!,$^E)";
139 $size = shift(@_) + 0;
140 croak("Bad buffer size for copy: $size\n") unless ($size > 0);
142 $size = tied(*$from_h) ? 0 : -s $from_h || 0;
143 $size = 1024 if ($size < 512);
144 $size = $Too_Big if ($size > $Too_Big);
150 defined($r = sysread($from_h, $buf, $size))
153 for ($w = 0; $w < $r; $w += $t) {
154 $t = syswrite($to_h, $buf, $r - $w, $w)
159 close($to_h) || goto fail_open2 if $closeto;
160 close($from_h) || goto fail_open1 if $closefrom;
162 # Use this idiom to avoid uninitialized value warning.
165 # All of these contortions try to preserve error messages...
171 $! = $status unless $!;
178 $! = $status unless $!;
185 croak("Usage: move(FROM, TO) ") unless @_ == 2;
189 my($fromsz,$tosz1,$tomt1,$tosz2,$tomt2,$sts,$ossts);
191 if (-d $to && ! -d $from) {
192 $to = _catname($from, $to);
195 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9];
197 if ($^O eq 'os2' and defined $tosz1 and defined $fromsz) {
198 # will not rename with overwrite
201 return 1 if rename $from, $to;
203 # Did rename return an error even though it succeeded, because $to
204 # is on a remote NFS file system, and NFS lost the server's ack?
205 return 1 if defined($fromsz) && !-e $from && # $from disappeared
206 (($tosz2,$tomt2) = (stat($to))[7,9]) && # $to's there
207 ($tosz1 != $tosz2 or $tomt1 != $tomt2) && # and changed
208 $tosz2 == $fromsz; # it's all there
210 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9]; # just in case rename did something
216 copy($from,$to) or die;
217 my($atime, $mtime) = (stat($from))[8,9];
218 utime($atime, $mtime, $to);
219 unlink($from) or die;
223 ($sts,$ossts) = ($! + 0, $^E + 0);
225 ($tosz2,$tomt2) = ((stat($to))[7,9],0,0) if defined $tomt1;
226 unlink($to) if !defined($tomt1) or $tomt1 != $tomt2 or $tosz1 != $tosz2;
227 ($!,$^E) = ($sts,$ossts);
235 if ($^O eq 'MacOS') {
236 *_protect = sub { MacPerl::MakeFSSpec($_[0]) };
238 *_protect = sub { "./$_[0]" };
241 # &syscopy is an XSUB under OS/2
242 unless (defined &syscopy) {
244 *syscopy = \&rmscopy;
245 } elsif ($^O eq 'mpeix') {
247 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
248 # Use the MPE cp program in order to
249 # preserve MPE file attributes.
250 return system('/bin/cp', '-f', $_[0], $_[1]) == 0;
252 } elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
254 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
255 return Win32::CopyFile(@_, 1);
257 } elsif ($macfiles) {
262 return 0 unless -e $from;
264 if ($to =~ /(.*:)([^:]+):?$/) {
265 ($dir, $toname) = ($1, $2);
267 ($dir, $toname) = (":", $to);
271 Mac::MoreFiles::FSpFileCopy($from, $dir, $toname, 1);
274 $Syscopy_is_copy = 1;
285 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
291 copy("file1","file2") or die "Copy failed: $!";
292 copy("Copy.pm",\*STDOUT);
293 move("/dev1/fileA","/dev2/fileB");
297 $n = FileHandle->new("/a/file","r");
302 The File::Copy module provides two basic functions, C<copy> and
303 C<move>, which are useful for getting the contents of a file from
304 one place to another.
310 The C<copy> function takes two
311 parameters: a file to copy from and a file to copy to. Either
312 argument may be a string, a FileHandle reference or a FileHandle
313 glob. Obviously, if the first argument is a filehandle of some
314 sort, it will be read from, and if it is a file I<name> it will
315 be opened for reading. Likewise, the second argument will be
316 written to (and created if need be). Trying to copy a file on top
317 of itself is a fatal error.
319 B<Note that passing in
320 files as handles instead of names may lead to loss of information
321 on some operating systems; it is recommended that you use file
322 names whenever possible.> Files are opened in binary mode where
323 applicable. To get a consistent behaviour when copying from a
324 filehandle to a file, use C<binmode> on the filehandle.
326 An optional third parameter can be used to specify the buffer
327 size used for copying. This is the number of bytes from the
328 first file, that wil be held in memory at any given time, before
329 being written to the second file. The default buffer size depends
330 upon the file, but will generally be the whole file (up to 2Mb), or
331 1k for filehandles that do not reference files (eg. sockets).
333 You may use the syntax C<use File::Copy "cp"> to get at the
334 "cp" alias for this function. The syntax is I<exactly> the same.
338 The C<move> function also takes two parameters: the current name
339 and the intended name of the file to be moved. If the destination
340 already exists and is a directory, and the source is not a
341 directory, then the source file will be renamed into the directory
342 specified by the destination.
344 If possible, move() will simply rename the file. Otherwise, it copies
345 the file to the new location and deletes the original. If an error occurs
346 during this copy-and-delete process, you may be left with a (possibly partial)
347 copy of the file under the destination name.
349 You may use the "mv" alias for this function in the same way that
350 you may use the "cp" alias for C<copy>.
354 File::Copy also provides the C<syscopy> routine, which copies the
355 file specified in the first parameter to the file specified in the
356 second parameter, preserving OS-specific attributes and file
357 structure. For Unix systems, this is equivalent to the simple
358 C<copy> routine, which doesn't preserve OS-specific attributes. For
359 VMS systems, this calls the C<rmscopy> routine (see below). For OS/2
360 systems, this calls the C<syscopy> XSUB directly. For Win32 systems,
361 this calls C<Win32::CopyFile>.
363 On Mac OS (Classic), C<syscopy> calls C<Mac::MoreFiles::FSpFileCopy>,
366 =head2 Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
368 If both arguments to C<copy> are not file handles,
369 then C<copy> will perform a "system copy" of
370 the input file to a new output file, in order to preserve file
371 attributes, indexed file structure, I<etc.> The buffer size
372 parameter is ignored. If either argument to C<copy> is a
373 handle to an opened file, then data is copied using Perl
374 operators, and no effort is made to preserve file attributes
377 The system copy routine may also be called directly under VMS and OS/2
378 as C<File::Copy::syscopy> (or under VMS as C<File::Copy::rmscopy>, which
379 is the routine that does the actual work for syscopy).
383 =item rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
385 The first and second arguments may be strings, typeglobs, typeglob
386 references, or objects inheriting from IO::Handle;
387 they are used in all cases to obtain the
388 I<filespec> of the input and output files, respectively. The
389 name and type of the input file are used as defaults for the
390 output file, if necessary.
392 A new version of the output file is always created, which
393 inherits the structure and RMS attributes of the input file,
394 except for owner and protections (and possibly timestamps;
395 see below). All data from the input file is copied to the
396 output file; if either of the first two parameters to C<rmscopy>
397 is a file handle, its position is unchanged. (Note that this
398 means a file handle pointing to the output file will be
399 associated with an old version of that file after C<rmscopy>
400 returns, not the newly created version.)
402 The third parameter is an integer flag, which tells C<rmscopy>
403 how to handle timestamps. If it is E<lt> 0, none of the input file's
404 timestamps are propagated to the output file. If it is E<gt> 0, then
405 it is interpreted as a bitmask: if bit 0 (the LSB) is set, then
406 timestamps other than the revision date are propagated; if bit 1
407 is set, the revision date is propagated. If the third parameter
408 to C<rmscopy> is 0, then it behaves much like the DCL COPY command:
409 if the name or type of the output file was explicitly specified,
410 then no timestamps are propagated, but if they were taken implicitly
411 from the input filespec, then all timestamps other than the
412 revision date are propagated. If this parameter is not supplied,
415 Like C<copy>, C<rmscopy> returns 1 on success. If an error occurs,
416 it sets C<$!>, deletes the output file, and returns 0.
422 All functions return 1 on success, 0 on failure.
423 $! will be set if an error was encountered.
431 On Mac OS (Classic), the path separator is ':', not '/', and the
432 current directory is denoted as ':', not '.'. You should be careful
433 about specifying relative pathnames. While a full path always begins
434 with a volume name, a relative pathname should always begin with a
435 ':'. If specifying a volume name only, a trailing ':' is required.
439 copy("file1", "tmp"); # creates the file 'tmp' in the current directory
440 copy("file1", ":tmp:"); # creates :tmp:file1
441 copy("file1", ":tmp"); # same as above
442 copy("file1", "tmp"); # same as above, if 'tmp' is a directory (but don't do
443 # that, since it may cause confusion, see example #1)
444 copy("file1", "tmp:file1"); # error, since 'tmp:' is not a volume
445 copy("file1", ":tmp:file1"); # ok, partial path
446 copy("file1", "DataHD:"); # creates DataHD:file1
448 move("MacintoshHD:fileA", "DataHD:fileB"); # moves (don't copies) files from one
455 File::Copy was written by Aaron Sherman I<E<lt>ajs@ajs.comE<gt>> in 1995,
456 and updated by Charles Bailey I<E<lt>bailey@newman.upenn.eduE<gt>> in 1996.