4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
116 # include <sys/mman.h>
119 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
120 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
124 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
128 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
129 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
130 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
131 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
133 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
134 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
135 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
136 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
138 PL_OpPtr = (I32**) mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
139 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
141 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
142 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
144 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
145 perror("mmap failed");
150 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
155 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
156 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
157 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
158 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
160 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
161 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
162 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
163 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
165 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
167 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
168 /* We remember this slab. */
169 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
170 PL_slabs = (I32**) realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
171 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
172 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
175 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
176 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
178 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
179 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
180 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
181 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
182 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
183 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
186 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
188 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
189 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
190 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
191 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
193 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
194 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
195 and a warn handler has an eval */
200 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
204 void *const start = slabs[count];
205 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
206 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
207 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
208 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
216 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
218 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
219 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
223 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
224 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
226 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
227 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
228 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
233 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
244 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
246 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
251 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
255 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
257 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
258 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
259 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
260 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
261 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
264 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
266 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
269 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
270 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
271 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
274 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
276 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
277 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
278 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
280 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
281 PL_slab_count, count));
282 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
283 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
285 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
286 perror("munmap failed");
294 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
296 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
301 #else /* !defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC) */
303 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
305 # ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
306 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
309 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
310 # define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
311 # define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
314 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
316 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
317 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
322 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
331 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
332 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
333 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
335 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) { /* sneak it in here */
337 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
338 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
339 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
341 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
343 sz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
345 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
346 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
348 DEBUG_S(Perl_warn(aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
349 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
350 DEBUG_S(Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
351 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
353 if(o) Perl_warn(aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)
358 Zero(o, DIFF(o, OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next), I32 *);
364 # define INIT_OPSLOT \
365 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
366 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
367 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
368 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
371 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
372 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
373 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
374 /* Remaining space is too small. */
378 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
380 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
381 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
383 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
384 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
385 slab->opslab_freed = o;
388 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
389 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
390 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
391 newslab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ DIFF(slab2, slot)*2);
392 newslab->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
393 slab->opslab_next = slab2 = newslab;
395 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
397 /* Create a new op slot */
398 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
399 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
400 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
401 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
402 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
404 DEBUG_S(Perl_warn(aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
410 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
411 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
414 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
418 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
420 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
423 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
425 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
426 PerlMemShared_free(op);
431 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
432 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
433 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
434 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
435 slab->opslab_freed = o;
437 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab)
439 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
443 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
446 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
447 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
450 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
457 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
460 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
461 DEBUG_S(Perl_warn(aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
462 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
463 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
464 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
466 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
468 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
473 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
478 size_t savestack_count = 0;
480 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
483 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
485 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
486 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
487 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
493 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
494 slab->opslab_refcnt++; /* op_free may free slab */
495 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
496 if (!--slab->opslab_refcnt) goto free;
499 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
500 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
501 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
503 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
513 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
514 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
516 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
517 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
518 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
519 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
521 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
523 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
525 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
527 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
528 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
532 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
534 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
536 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
538 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
543 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
545 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
547 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
553 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
555 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
556 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
557 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
562 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
564 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
565 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
570 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
572 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
574 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
579 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
581 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
583 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
584 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
589 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
591 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
593 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
594 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
598 S_bad_type_sv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, SV *namesv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
600 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_SV;
602 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
603 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
607 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
609 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
612 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
613 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
614 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
616 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
619 /* "register" allocation */
622 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
626 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
628 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
630 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
631 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
634 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
636 assert(strlen(name) == len);
638 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
642 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
643 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
645 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
646 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
647 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
648 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
649 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
650 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
652 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
653 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
657 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
659 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
660 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
661 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
662 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
663 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
665 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
666 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
670 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
671 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
673 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
674 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
680 =for apidoc alloccopstash
682 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
683 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
690 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
692 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
693 bool found_slot = FALSE;
695 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
697 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
699 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
700 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
701 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
702 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
705 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
706 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
707 off = PL_stashpadmax;
708 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
711 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
716 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
717 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
720 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
722 if (o->op_latefree) {
730 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
732 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
738 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
743 #ifndef PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC
744 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
746 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
748 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
749 may be freed before their parents. */
750 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
752 if (o->op_latefreed) {
759 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
770 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
773 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
774 we maintain for reset(). */
775 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
785 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
786 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
790 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
791 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
792 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
793 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
798 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
802 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
803 * numbers etc even after null() */
804 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE
805 || (type == OP_NULL /* the COP might have been null'ed */
806 && ((OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
807 || (OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE))) {
812 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
815 if (o->op_latefree) {
821 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
828 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
833 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
836 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
841 switch (o->op_type) {
842 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
843 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
844 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
849 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
853 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
854 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
861 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
866 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
867 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
868 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
869 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
870 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
871 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
872 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
873 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
874 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
875 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
876 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
877 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
878 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
879 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
880 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
883 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
885 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
886 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
887 * may still exist on the pad */
888 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
889 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
892 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
893 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
896 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
899 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
903 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
906 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
907 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
910 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
911 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
912 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
913 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
916 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
925 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
930 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
932 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
933 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
934 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
937 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
938 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
942 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
943 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
947 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
951 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
952 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
953 * exist on the pad */
954 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
957 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
963 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
964 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
965 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
966 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
967 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
968 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
969 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
970 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
971 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
972 * happen before sv_clean_all
975 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
976 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
977 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
978 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
979 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
983 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
984 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
990 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
991 pad_free(o->op_targ);
997 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
999 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
1002 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
1003 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
1004 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
1008 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
1014 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
1016 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
1018 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
1019 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
1021 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
1022 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
1026 if (array[i] == o) {
1027 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
1028 array[i] = array[--count];
1029 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
1030 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
1031 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
1034 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
1051 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
1053 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
1055 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1056 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1058 switch (kid->op_type) {
1063 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
1065 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
1066 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1072 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
1076 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
1078 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1082 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
1083 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1084 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1088 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1091 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1096 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1099 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1103 /* Contextualizers */
1106 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1108 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1109 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1110 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1117 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1119 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1121 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1122 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1123 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1125 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1132 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1134 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1135 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1136 not be called directly.
1142 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1146 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1151 /* establish postfix order */
1152 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1155 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1158 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1159 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1160 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1174 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1176 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1178 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1185 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1189 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1191 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1192 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1193 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1194 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1196 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
1197 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1198 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1199 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1206 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1211 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1212 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1213 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1214 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1219 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1221 switch (o->op_type) {
1223 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1228 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1238 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1239 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1245 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1247 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1250 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1251 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1257 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1262 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1265 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1272 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1276 const char* useless = NULL;
1277 U32 useless_is_utf8 = 0;
1281 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1283 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1285 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1287 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1290 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1291 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1292 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1298 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1299 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1300 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1301 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1302 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1304 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1305 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1306 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1307 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1308 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1313 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1314 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1316 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1319 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1321 switch (o->op_type) {
1323 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1327 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1331 if (o->op_private == 4)
1356 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1375 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1376 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1381 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1406 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1407 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1408 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1412 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1413 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1415 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1417 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1419 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1423 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1424 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1425 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1428 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1432 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1433 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1437 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1444 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1445 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1446 useless = "a variable";
1451 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1452 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1454 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1455 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1456 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1457 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1459 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1460 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1461 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1462 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1464 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1465 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1466 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1467 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1468 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1469 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1470 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1471 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1472 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1473 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1474 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1477 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1478 SV* msv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1480 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro, SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1481 PERL_PV_PRETTY_DUMP | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT )));
1483 useless = SvPV_nolen(msv);
1484 useless_is_utf8 = SvUTF8(msv);
1487 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1488 SV* msv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1489 "a constant (%"SVf")", sv));
1490 useless = SvPV_nolen(msv);
1493 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1496 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1500 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1501 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1505 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1506 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1510 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1511 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1515 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1516 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1521 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1524 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1527 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1528 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1531 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1533 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1536 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1537 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1538 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1541 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1544 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1546 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1549 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1550 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1551 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1553 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1554 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1555 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1567 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1568 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1569 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1571 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1573 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1575 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1576 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1585 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1590 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1597 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1608 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1618 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1619 newSVpvn_flags(useless, strlen(useless),
1620 SVs_TEMP | ( useless_is_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 )));
1625 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1627 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1629 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1636 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1641 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1642 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1643 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1644 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1649 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1650 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1652 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1655 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1657 switch (o->op_type) {
1660 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1665 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1673 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1675 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1676 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1677 return gen_constant_list(o);
1684 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1686 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1689 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1690 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1696 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1700 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1707 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1711 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1713 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1714 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1717 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1718 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1722 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1724 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1725 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1726 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1729 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1734 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1736 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1738 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1739 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1745 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1747 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1748 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1749 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1750 the tree thread-safe.
1755 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1757 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1760 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1768 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1770 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1772 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1774 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1775 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1777 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1778 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1779 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1780 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1781 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1782 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1783 finalize_op(prop_op);
1790 switch (o->op_type) {
1793 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1797 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1798 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1800 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1801 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1802 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1803 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1804 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1805 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1806 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1807 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1808 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1809 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1816 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1817 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1818 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1819 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1820 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1821 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1822 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1823 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1830 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1831 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1835 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1836 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1837 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1838 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1839 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1840 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1841 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1842 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1844 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1845 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1846 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1847 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1848 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1850 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1851 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1852 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1853 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1854 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1855 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1856 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1858 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1859 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1860 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1863 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1864 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1865 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1866 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1867 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1869 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1880 const char *key = NULL;
1883 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1886 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1887 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1888 if ((!SvFAKE(sv = *svp) || !SvREADONLY(sv))
1889 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1890 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1891 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1892 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1898 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1901 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1902 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1904 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1905 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1907 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1908 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1910 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1911 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1912 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1913 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1914 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1915 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1916 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1928 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1930 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1931 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1932 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1933 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1935 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1936 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1938 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1939 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1940 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1942 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1943 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1944 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1946 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1952 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1953 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1955 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1956 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1958 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1959 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1960 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1961 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1962 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1963 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1965 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1966 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1967 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1968 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1969 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1970 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1971 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1972 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1978 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1979 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1986 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1988 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1994 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1996 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1997 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1998 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1999 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
2002 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
2003 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
2004 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
2006 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
2007 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
2013 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
2017 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
2020 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2023 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
2024 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
2029 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
2031 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
2033 switch (o->op_type) {
2038 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
2042 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
2043 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2044 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2045 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
2046 poses, so we need it clear. */
2047 o->op_private &= ~1;
2048 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2049 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2050 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
2053 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
2054 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
2055 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
2056 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2057 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
2058 /* Potential lvalue context: */
2059 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
2062 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
2063 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
2066 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2067 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
2069 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
2070 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2071 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2072 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
2074 while (kid->op_sibling)
2075 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2076 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
2077 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
2080 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2081 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
2082 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2083 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2085 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2086 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2087 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2088 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2092 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2102 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2103 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2104 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2105 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2107 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2108 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2110 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2111 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2113 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2127 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2136 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2143 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2144 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2149 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2150 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2151 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2155 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2157 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2161 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2162 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2168 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2171 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2172 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2173 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2177 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2181 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2190 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2197 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2198 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2199 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2200 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2202 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2203 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2207 if (!type) /* local() */
2208 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2209 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2218 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2222 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2228 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2229 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2230 pad_free(o->op_targ);
2231 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
2232 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
2233 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2234 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2239 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2240 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2241 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2242 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2243 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2244 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2254 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2255 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2260 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2262 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2264 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2265 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2271 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2272 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2273 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2274 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2275 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2279 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2281 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2287 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2288 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2290 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2291 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2294 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2295 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2297 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2298 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2299 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2302 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2303 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2304 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2309 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2310 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2313 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2314 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2315 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2320 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2325 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2349 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2370 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2372 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2374 switch (o->op_type) {
2382 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2395 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2397 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2399 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2406 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2411 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2413 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2416 switch (o->op_type) {
2418 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2419 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2420 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2421 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2422 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2423 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2424 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2425 o->op_private &= ~1;
2427 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2428 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2429 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2431 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2437 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2438 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2441 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2442 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2443 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2446 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2447 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2448 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2450 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2457 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2460 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2461 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2462 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2468 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2473 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2475 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2479 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2480 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2481 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2482 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2484 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2494 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2496 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2506 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2511 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2513 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2514 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2515 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2517 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2518 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2520 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2524 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2526 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2527 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2528 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2529 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2530 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2537 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
2542 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2544 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2545 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2546 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2548 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2549 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2552 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2553 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2554 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2555 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2557 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2558 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2561 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2562 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2564 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2565 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2566 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2567 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2569 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2575 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2578 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2581 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2586 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2587 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2588 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2590 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2591 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
2593 /* Need package name for method call. */
2594 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2596 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2597 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2599 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2600 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2601 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2602 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2603 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2604 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2605 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2606 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2608 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2609 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2610 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2611 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2612 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2613 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2615 /* Combine the ops. */
2616 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2620 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2622 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2623 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2624 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2625 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2626 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2627 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2628 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2629 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2630 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2631 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2637 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2638 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2642 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2645 len = strlen(attrstr);
2649 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2651 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2652 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2653 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2654 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2655 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2659 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2660 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2661 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2662 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2663 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2664 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2665 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2670 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2674 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2676 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2678 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2682 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2683 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2687 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2689 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2690 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2692 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2694 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2696 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2697 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2698 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2700 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2702 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2704 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2705 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2706 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2707 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2708 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2709 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2710 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2713 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2716 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2719 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2721 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2723 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2725 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2728 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2731 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2732 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2734 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2735 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2737 stash = PL_curstash;
2738 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2740 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2741 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2743 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2748 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2752 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2754 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2756 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2757 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2759 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2769 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2771 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2772 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2773 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2776 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2777 which will mess up list assignment. */
2778 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2779 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2780 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2782 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2783 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2786 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2789 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2790 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2795 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2797 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2799 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2804 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2808 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2809 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2811 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2813 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2814 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2816 const char * const desc
2818 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2819 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2821 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2822 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2825 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2826 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2827 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2828 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2831 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2834 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2835 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2838 const char * const sample = (isary
2839 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2840 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2841 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2842 desc, sample, sample);
2846 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2847 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2848 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2850 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2853 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2854 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2856 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2857 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2858 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2860 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2861 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2862 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2863 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2864 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2866 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2868 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2871 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2872 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2873 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2874 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2875 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2876 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2877 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2880 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2881 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2883 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2885 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2889 return bind_match(type, left,
2890 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2894 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2898 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2902 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2904 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2905 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2906 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2907 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2908 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2909 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2916 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2920 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2921 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2922 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2923 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2925 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2927 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2928 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2929 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2930 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2933 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2934 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2936 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2941 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2947 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2950 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2952 pad_block_start(full);
2954 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2955 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2956 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2958 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2964 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2967 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2968 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2970 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2973 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2975 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2978 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2984 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2986 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2988 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2989 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2995 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2997 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2999 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
3006 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
3007 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
3008 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
3011 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
3012 o->op_targ = offset;
3018 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3022 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3029 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3030 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3031 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3033 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3034 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3036 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3037 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3038 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3041 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3043 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3044 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3045 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3046 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3047 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3050 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3051 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3053 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3056 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3057 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3059 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3062 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3063 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3064 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3065 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3066 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3067 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3068 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3069 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3070 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3073 /* Register with debugger */
3075 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3079 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3081 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3088 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3092 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3094 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3095 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3096 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3103 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3104 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3105 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3107 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3110 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3111 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3115 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3116 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3119 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3121 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3127 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3128 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3129 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3131 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3133 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3143 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3144 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3145 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3150 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3152 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3154 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3156 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3157 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3162 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3163 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3165 I32 type = o->op_type;
3167 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3169 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3171 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3172 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3177 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3178 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3180 I32 type = o->op_type;
3182 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3184 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
3185 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
3186 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
3187 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
3188 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
3191 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3194 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3195 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3196 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3202 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3205 register OP * VOL curop;
3207 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3212 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3213 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3217 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3219 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3233 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3234 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3238 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3241 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3242 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3244 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3245 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3246 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3248 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3250 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3256 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3257 old_next = o->op_next;
3261 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3262 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3264 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3265 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3266 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3267 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3268 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3269 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3270 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3271 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3278 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3279 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3281 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3282 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3283 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3286 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3289 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3290 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3295 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3296 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3298 o->op_next = old_next;
3302 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3303 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3304 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3305 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3306 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3307 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3310 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3311 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3312 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3314 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3315 delete_eval_scope();
3324 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3325 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3327 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3328 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3336 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3340 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3343 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3344 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3346 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3349 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3352 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3353 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3354 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3355 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3357 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3358 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3359 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3360 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3361 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3362 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3363 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3365 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3374 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3377 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3378 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3379 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3381 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3383 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3384 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3386 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3387 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3388 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3389 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3393 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3394 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3395 o->op_flags |= flags;
3397 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3398 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3401 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3405 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3408 /* List constructors */
3411 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3413 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3414 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3415 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3416 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3417 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3418 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3424 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3432 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3433 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3435 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3438 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3439 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3441 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3442 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3444 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3449 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3451 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3452 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3453 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3454 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3455 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3456 the other is returned unchanged.
3462 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3470 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3471 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3473 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3474 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3476 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3477 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3478 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3481 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3482 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3484 while (mp->mad_next)
3486 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3489 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3492 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3493 last->op_madprop = 0;
3496 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3502 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3504 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3505 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3506 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3507 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3508 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3509 the other is returned unchanged.
3515 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3523 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3524 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3525 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3526 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3527 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3528 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3531 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3532 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3533 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3535 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3536 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3538 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3542 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3550 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3553 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3554 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3555 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3557 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3562 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3564 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3566 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3568 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3573 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3580 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3581 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3582 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3589 /* faked up qw list? */
3591 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3592 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3599 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3600 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3601 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3602 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3604 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3618 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3619 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3629 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3638 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3639 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3640 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3641 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3643 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3650 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3653 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3659 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3668 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3669 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3670 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3671 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3673 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3680 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3683 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3687 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3688 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3694 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3712 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3716 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3720 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3741 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3743 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3745 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3749 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3751 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3754 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3755 mp->mad_type = type;
3757 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3762 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3764 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3768 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3769 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3770 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3771 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3775 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
3778 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3779 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3782 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3785 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3788 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3794 =head1 Optree construction
3796 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3798 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3799 empty list expression.
3805 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3807 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3811 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3813 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3814 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3820 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3822 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3823 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3824 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3825 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3826 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3832 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3837 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3839 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3841 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3842 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3845 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3849 else if (!first && last)
3852 first->op_sibling = last;
3853 listop->op_first = first;
3854 listop->op_last = last;
3855 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3856 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3857 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3858 listop->op_first = pushop;
3859 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3861 listop->op_last = pushop;
3864 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3868 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3870 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3871 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3872 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3879 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3884 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3885 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3886 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3889 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3890 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3891 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3892 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3894 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3895 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3896 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3897 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3899 o->op_latefreed = 0;
3903 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3904 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3906 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3907 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3908 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3912 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3914 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3915 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3916 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3917 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3918 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3919 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3920 of the constructed op tree.
3926 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3931 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3932 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3933 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3936 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3937 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3938 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3939 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3940 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3941 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3942 || type == OP_NULL );
3945 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3946 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3947 first = force_list(first);
3949 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3950 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3951 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3952 unop->op_first = first;
3953 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3954 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3955 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3959 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3963 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3965 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3966 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3967 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3968 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3969 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3970 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3971 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3977 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3982 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3983 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3985 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
3988 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
3990 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3991 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3992 binop->op_first = first;
3993 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3996 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3999 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4000 first->op_sibling = last;
4003 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4004 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4007 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4009 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4012 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4013 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4014 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4015 __attribute__pure__;
4016 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4018 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4020 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4022 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4024 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4030 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4033 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4036 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4037 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4039 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4042 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4043 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4047 register short *tbl;
4049 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4050 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4051 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4054 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4056 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4059 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4062 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4064 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4065 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4067 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4068 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4082 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4083 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4086 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4090 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4093 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4095 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4099 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4100 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4101 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4102 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4106 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4109 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4111 transv = newSVpvs("");
4113 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4115 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4117 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4121 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4125 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4126 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4128 diff = val - nextmin;
4130 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4131 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4133 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4134 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4135 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4136 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4143 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4144 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4146 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4147 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4149 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4150 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4151 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4152 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4156 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4157 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4160 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4161 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4163 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4167 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4168 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4169 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4170 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4172 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4174 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4181 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4182 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4184 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4186 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4188 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4197 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4201 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4202 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4203 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4210 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4211 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4213 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4214 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4216 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4220 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4221 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4224 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4225 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4227 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4228 max = rfirst + diff;
4230 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4231 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4243 else if (max > 0xff)
4248 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4250 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4251 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4252 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4254 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4256 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4258 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4259 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4261 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4262 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4263 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4266 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4272 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4273 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4281 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4282 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4283 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4285 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4287 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4289 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4291 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4300 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4310 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4312 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4317 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4318 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4319 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4321 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4322 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4323 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4327 if (!rlen && !del) {
4330 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4332 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4333 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4335 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4337 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4338 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4340 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4346 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4347 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4354 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4355 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4356 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4357 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4361 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4363 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4364 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4374 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4376 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4377 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4378 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4384 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4389 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4391 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4392 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4393 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4394 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4395 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4397 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4398 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4399 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4400 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4402 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4403 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4404 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4406 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4408 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4409 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4410 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4412 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4413 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4414 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4416 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4417 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4423 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4424 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4425 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4426 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4427 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4428 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4430 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4432 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4434 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4435 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4436 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4438 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4439 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4440 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4441 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4445 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4448 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4449 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4450 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4453 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4454 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4455 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4456 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4457 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4459 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4460 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4461 * the new sub was created
4465 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4470 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4472 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4473 bool is_compiletime;
4476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4478 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4480 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4482 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4483 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4484 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4485 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4486 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4487 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4490 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4493 OP* const oe = expr;
4494 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4495 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4496 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4497 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4498 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4499 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4502 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4505 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4506 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4507 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4508 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4509 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4513 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4515 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4516 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4518 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4519 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4521 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4525 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4530 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub */
4532 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4534 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4535 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4537 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4540 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4541 LISTOP *leave = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4543 assert(leave->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4544 assert(leave->op_first->op_sibling);
4545 o->op_next = leave->op_first->op_sibling;
4547 assert(leave->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4548 assert(leave->op_last->op_next = (OP*)leave);
4549 leave->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4550 op_null((OP*)leave);
4554 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4555 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4556 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4557 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4560 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4561 * the op_next chain */
4564 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4569 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4571 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4573 if (is_compiletime) {
4574 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4575 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4577 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4578 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4580 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4581 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4583 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4584 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4585 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4586 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4587 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4588 * regex was parsed */
4589 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4590 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4591 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4593 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4598 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4599 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4600 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4601 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4604 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4610 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4611 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4614 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4617 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4619 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4620 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4621 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4622 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4623 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4624 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4626 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4627 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4628 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4629 ((struct regexp *)SvANY(re))->qr_anoncv = cv;
4631 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4632 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4633 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4634 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4639 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4644 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4646 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4648 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4653 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4654 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4655 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4658 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4659 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4660 * preceding stacking ops;
4661 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4663 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || PL_tainting)
4664 expr = newUNOP((PL_tainting ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4666 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4667 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4668 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4669 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4670 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4671 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4672 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4676 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4678 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4680 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4681 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4685 * ------ -------------------
4686 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4687 * pushmark (for entersub)
4688 * pushmark (for refgen)
4692 * regcreset regcreset
4694 * const("a") const("a")
4696 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4701 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4702 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4703 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4704 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4705 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4706 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4708 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4711 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4712 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4713 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4714 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4715 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4716 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4717 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4718 rcop->op_private = 0;
4720 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4722 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4723 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4725 /* establish postfix order */
4726 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4728 rcop->op_next = expr;
4729 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4732 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4733 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4736 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4741 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4743 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4744 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4746 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
4750 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4751 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4752 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
4753 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
4754 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4755 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4757 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
4760 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4762 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4763 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4764 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4765 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4766 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
4769 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4770 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4771 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4772 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4776 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
4777 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
4787 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4789 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4790 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4793 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
4794 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
4796 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4797 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4798 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4799 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4800 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4801 rcop->op_private = 1;
4804 /* establish postfix order */
4805 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4806 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4808 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4809 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4810 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4819 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4821 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4822 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4823 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4824 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4830 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4835 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4837 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4838 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4839 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4841 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4842 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4843 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4845 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4846 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4847 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)