3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strEQs(GvNAME(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
378 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
381 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
382 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
386 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
387 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
397 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
398 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
400 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
408 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
413 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
416 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
417 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
418 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
419 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
420 if (has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV) {
421 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
422 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
424 if (CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
425 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
426 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
427 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
428 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
429 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
437 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
438 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
439 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
441 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
442 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
443 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
444 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
445 from a reference to CV. */
446 if (exported_constant)
447 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
448 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
453 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
454 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
455 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
461 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
475 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
483 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
484 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
491 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
494 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
495 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
497 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
498 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
499 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
501 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
502 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
503 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
504 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
509 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
510 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
511 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
512 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
513 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
514 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
515 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
516 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
517 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
518 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
519 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
520 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
521 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
522 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
523 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
524 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
525 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
526 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
527 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
528 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
529 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
530 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
533 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
534 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
539 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
544 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
549 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
550 oldparser = PL_parser;
551 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
552 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
553 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
555 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
559 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
561 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
565 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
568 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
570 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
571 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
572 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
573 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
574 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
575 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
576 it this order as we need an op number before calling
578 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
580 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
586 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
587 compiling after a syntax error */
588 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
589 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
594 : newSVpvn(name,len),
599 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
600 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
601 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
602 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
605 PL_parser = oldparser;
606 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
607 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
610 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
612 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
614 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
621 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
623 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
625 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
627 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
628 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
634 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
638 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
639 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
640 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level, flags);
641 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
642 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
643 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
647 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
649 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
650 instead of a string/length pair.
656 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
658 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
659 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
663 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
665 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
666 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
667 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
669 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
670 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
671 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
672 up caching info for this glob.
674 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
676 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
680 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
681 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
682 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
683 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
688 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
690 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
691 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
698 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
699 GV* candidate = NULL;
703 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
706 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
708 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
710 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
711 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
717 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
719 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
722 assert(name || meth);
724 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
725 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
726 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
728 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
730 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
731 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
732 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
733 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
735 else cachestash = stash;
737 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
739 cachestash, meth, name, len, (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
741 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
748 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
751 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
752 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
754 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
755 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
756 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
760 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
761 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
762 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
767 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
768 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
771 else if (stash == cachestash
772 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
773 && strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
774 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
778 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
779 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
780 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
782 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
784 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
787 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
788 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
790 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
796 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
798 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
799 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
800 if (strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
802 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
808 else candidate = *gvp;
811 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
812 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
813 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
815 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
816 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
817 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
819 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
820 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
821 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
822 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
823 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
824 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
830 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
831 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
832 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
835 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
836 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
837 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
838 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
839 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
840 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
841 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
847 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
848 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
849 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
856 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
858 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
859 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
863 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
865 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
868 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
870 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
871 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
877 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
882 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
885 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
889 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
891 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
892 instead of a string/length pair.
898 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
900 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
901 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
905 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
907 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
908 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
910 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
911 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
912 of the result may be zero.
914 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
920 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
922 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
924 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
931 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
932 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
934 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
937 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
939 /* Have an autoload */
940 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
941 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
942 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
943 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
952 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
954 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
955 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
956 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
959 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
960 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
961 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
962 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
963 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
965 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
966 as a prefix of the method name. Note
967 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
968 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
969 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
970 created as a side effect to do this.
972 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
973 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
974 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
980 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
984 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
988 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
993 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
996 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1000 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1002 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1003 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1006 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
1009 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1011 const char * const origname = name;
1012 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1013 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1016 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1017 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1018 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1019 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1021 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1023 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1026 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1027 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1028 the error reporting code. */
1032 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1033 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1036 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1037 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1038 * if none was found.
1040 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1043 const char *name_cursor = name;
1044 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1045 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1046 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1047 last_separator = name_cursor;
1048 name = name_cursor + 1;
1050 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1051 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1052 name = name_cursor + 1;
1057 /* did we find a separator? */
1058 if (last_separator) {
1059 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1060 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1061 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1062 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1064 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1065 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1067 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1068 strEQs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1069 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1070 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1071 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1074 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1075 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1080 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1082 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1083 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1084 import/unimport subroutine */
1085 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1086 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1088 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1089 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1091 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1092 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1095 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1096 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1097 * require it first instead of croaking */
1098 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1099 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1100 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1101 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1102 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1104 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1105 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1110 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1111 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1112 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1113 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1118 if (last_separator) {
1119 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1120 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1122 packnamesv = error_report;
1126 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1127 "\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1128 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1129 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1130 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1134 else if (autoload) {
1135 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1136 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1140 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1144 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1147 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1148 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1149 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1150 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1160 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1164 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1165 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1168 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1172 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1174 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1175 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1179 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1186 SV *packname = NULL;
1187 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1189 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1191 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1194 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1195 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1196 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1197 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1198 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1202 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1203 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1205 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1206 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1210 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1214 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1217 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1218 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1220 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1221 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf
1222 "::%"UTF8f"() is deprecated",
1224 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1227 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1228 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1229 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1231 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1232 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1233 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1234 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1235 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1238 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1239 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1240 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1241 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1242 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1243 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1244 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1246 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1247 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1249 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1250 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1251 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1253 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1256 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1257 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1258 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1260 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1262 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1263 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1265 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1266 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1270 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1274 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1280 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1281 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1282 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1283 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1285 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1286 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1290 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1291 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1292 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1296 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1297 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1298 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1299 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1300 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1301 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1302 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1305 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1313 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1314 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1315 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1316 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1318 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1319 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1320 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1321 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1322 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1323 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1326 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1327 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1329 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1331 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1333 /* If it is not tied */
1334 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1336 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1344 #define HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)
1346 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1347 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1348 || !(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1350 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1351 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1354 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1355 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1356 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1358 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1359 type, varname, name);
1360 else if (!(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1361 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1362 type, varname, name);
1364 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1365 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp); assert(GvCV(*gvp));
1369 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1374 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1375 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1376 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1378 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1379 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1382 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1384 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1385 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1391 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1393 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1394 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1398 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1400 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1401 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1402 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1403 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1404 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1407 Flags may be one of:
1416 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1418 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1419 recommended for performance reasons.
1425 gv_stashpvn_internal
1427 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1428 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1432 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1433 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1439 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1441 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1443 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1446 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1447 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1448 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1449 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1450 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1451 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1453 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1455 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1456 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1458 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1459 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1461 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1462 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1463 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1464 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1465 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1471 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1473 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1474 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1476 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1478 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1480 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1484 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1485 assert(namesv || name)
1487 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1488 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1493 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1495 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1496 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1497 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1500 if (he) return INT2PTR(HV*,SvIVX(HeVAL(he)));
1501 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1504 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1506 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1508 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1510 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1513 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1515 if (stash && namelen) {
1516 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1517 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1518 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1525 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1527 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1528 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1532 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1534 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1537 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1544 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1546 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1547 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1552 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1553 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1554 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1558 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1560 const char * const nambeg =
1561 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1562 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1563 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1566 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1567 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1571 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1575 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1579 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1580 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1582 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1583 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1585 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1586 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1587 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1588 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1590 const char *name_cursor;
1591 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1592 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1594 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1596 if (full_len > 2 && **name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(*name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1597 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1601 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1602 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1603 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1604 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1607 *stash = PL_defstash;
1608 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1611 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1612 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1615 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1621 Newx(tmpbuf, *len+2, char);
1622 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1623 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1624 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1627 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1628 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1629 if (*gv && *gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1630 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1631 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1637 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1640 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1641 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1642 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1643 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1644 && strEQs(*name, "CORE"))
1645 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1648 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1650 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1651 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1652 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1653 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1656 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1657 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1660 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1662 *name = name_cursor+1;
1663 if (*name == name_end) {
1665 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1670 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1674 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1675 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1676 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1678 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1680 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1681 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) ) {
1682 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1683 * like INC or STDOUT.
1691 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1692 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1693 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1697 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1702 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1703 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1707 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1708 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1709 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1713 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1714 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1720 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1728 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1729 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1730 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1732 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1733 * which might happen during global destruction.
1735 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1736 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1737 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1738 const svtype sv_type)
1740 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1742 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1744 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1745 *stash = PL_defstash;
1748 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1749 *stash = PL_curstash;
1750 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1751 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1752 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1753 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1754 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1755 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1756 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1758 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1759 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1760 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1764 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1765 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1766 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1768 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1770 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1771 "Variable \"%c%"UTF8f"\" is not imported",
1772 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1773 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1774 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1777 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1778 "\t(Did you mean &%"UTF8f" instead?)\n",
1779 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1786 /* Use the current op's stash */
1787 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1792 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1794 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1795 "Global symbol \"%s%"UTF8f
1796 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1797 "declare \"my %s%"UTF8f"\"?)",
1798 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1799 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1800 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1801 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1802 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1803 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1804 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1805 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1806 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1807 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1808 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1809 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1811 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1813 /* symbol table under destruction */
1822 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1828 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1829 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1831 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1832 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1834 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1836 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1837 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1838 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1841 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1842 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1844 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1845 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1846 const svtype sv_type)
1850 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1852 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1853 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1854 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1855 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1859 if (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1860 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1861 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1866 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1867 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1870 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1874 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1875 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1880 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1889 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1890 /* Avoid null warning: */
1891 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1892 if (strEQs(stashname, "CORE"))
1893 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1900 /* Nothing else to do.
1901 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1902 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1903 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1904 platforms, we can't just do:
1905 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1906 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1907 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1908 would make them larger than 'V')
1915 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1916 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1918 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1923 if (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT"))
1927 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1928 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1932 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1935 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1936 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1937 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1938 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1940 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1941 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1942 use didn't clean up fully because
1943 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1944 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1945 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1946 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1947 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1948 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1949 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1950 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1954 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1955 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1956 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1958 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1963 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1966 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1967 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1970 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1971 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
1974 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1975 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
1978 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
1979 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
1982 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1983 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
1984 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
1988 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1989 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
1992 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1993 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
1994 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
1997 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
1998 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2002 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2003 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2006 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2007 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2009 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2011 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2014 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2015 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2018 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2032 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2035 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2037 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2038 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2044 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2045 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2048 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2051 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2054 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2056 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2058 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2059 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2060 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2061 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2063 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2067 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2068 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2081 paren = *name - '0';
2084 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2085 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2086 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2090 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2094 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2095 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2101 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2103 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2105 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2106 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2107 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2110 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2111 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2112 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2114 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2115 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
2117 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2118 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2120 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2123 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2124 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2130 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2131 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2132 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2133 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2135 case '\010': /* $^H */
2137 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2138 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2142 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2143 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2144 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2146 else goto magicalize;
2148 case '\023': /* $^S */
2150 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2166 case '\001': /* $^A */
2167 case '\003': /* $^C */
2168 case '\004': /* $^D */
2169 case '\005': /* $^E */
2170 case '\006': /* $^F */
2171 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2172 case '\016': /* $^N */
2173 case '\017': /* $^O */
2174 case '\020': /* $^P */
2175 case '\024': /* $^T */
2176 case '\027': /* $^W */
2178 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2181 case '\014': /* $^L */
2182 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2185 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2189 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2190 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2191 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2192 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2193 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2197 case '\026': /* $^V */
2199 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2200 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2201 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2207 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2213 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2214 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2216 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2221 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2222 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2223 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2225 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2226 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2227 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2228 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2231 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2232 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2234 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2236 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2238 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2239 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2240 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2241 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2242 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2243 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2244 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2246 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2249 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2252 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2254 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2256 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2260 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2264 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2273 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2274 const svtype sv_type)
2276 const char *name = nambeg;
2281 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2282 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2283 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2284 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2285 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2286 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2289 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2291 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2292 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2293 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2294 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2296 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2299 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2300 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2306 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2310 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2311 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2312 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2313 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2316 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2317 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2320 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2321 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2322 * anything else with it before that.
2325 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2326 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2327 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2328 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2329 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2330 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2331 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2334 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2335 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2336 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2337 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2338 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2339 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2340 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2342 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2343 && strEQs(name, "ISA")
2344 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2345 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2348 } else if (no_init) {
2352 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2353 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2354 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2355 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2358 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2363 /* Adding a new symbol.
2364 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2365 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2367 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2368 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2370 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2372 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2373 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2374 "Had to create %"UTF8f" unexpectedly",
2375 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2376 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2378 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2381 /* set up magic where warranted */
2382 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2385 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2386 * stored in the symtab.
2387 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2388 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2390 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2394 /* The temporary GV created above */
2395 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2399 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2404 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2407 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2409 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2411 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2413 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2414 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2415 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2416 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2420 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2421 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2425 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2427 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2429 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2431 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2435 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2436 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2440 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2444 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2449 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2451 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2453 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2454 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2455 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2458 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2459 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2461 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2462 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2464 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2466 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2468 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2470 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2471 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2473 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2474 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2477 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2479 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2481 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2482 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2484 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2485 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2486 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2487 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2488 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2491 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2496 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2498 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2499 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2501 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"UTF8f"::_GEN_%ld",
2502 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2507 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2510 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2517 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2518 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2519 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2520 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2529 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2534 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2536 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2537 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2538 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2539 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2542 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2544 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2552 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2554 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2555 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2556 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2557 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2558 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2559 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2560 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2562 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2571 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2575 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2576 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2577 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2578 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2579 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2580 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2581 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%"HEKf"'\n",
2582 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2583 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2587 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2588 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2589 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2590 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2591 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2592 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2593 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2594 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2595 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2596 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2601 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2604 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2610 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2612 if (--attempts == 0) {
2614 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2615 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2620 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2621 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2627 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2629 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2630 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2632 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2634 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2636 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2637 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2639 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2640 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2647 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2649 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2650 * 0 if there is no overload
2651 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2655 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2657 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2659 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2662 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2664 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2666 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2667 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2668 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2670 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2673 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2676 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2677 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2683 bool deref_seen = 0;
2686 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2688 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2689 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2690 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2695 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2698 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2700 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2703 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2704 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2705 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2706 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2707 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2708 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2715 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2716 /* initially assume the worst */
2717 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2719 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2720 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2721 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2722 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2723 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2725 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2726 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2727 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2728 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2729 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2730 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2731 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2732 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2733 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2734 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2736 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2737 const HEK * const gvhek =
2738 CvNAMED(cv) ? CvNAME_HEK(cv) : GvNAME_HEK(CvGV(cv));
2739 const HEK * const stashek =
2740 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2741 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2742 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2743 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2744 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2745 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2746 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2748 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2750 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2751 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2752 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2753 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2754 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2756 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2761 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2763 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2764 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2765 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2766 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2767 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2768 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2776 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2778 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2779 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2780 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2782 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2783 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2786 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2802 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2803 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2804 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2805 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2808 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2809 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2810 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2814 /* Here we have no table: */
2816 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2817 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2818 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2824 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2829 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2831 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2834 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2835 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2837 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2840 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2842 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2845 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2846 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2848 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2849 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2850 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2851 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2852 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2853 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2854 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2855 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2867 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2868 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2870 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2872 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2876 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2879 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2883 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2884 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2885 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2887 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2892 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2893 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2903 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2909 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2910 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2913 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2915 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2916 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2920 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2922 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2923 SV* const right = TOPs;
2929 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2930 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2931 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
2932 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
2934 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2941 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2942 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2952 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2953 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2955 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2958 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2959 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2961 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2964 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2966 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2968 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2974 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2978 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2982 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
2983 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
2984 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2985 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
2988 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2989 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2991 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2992 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2993 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3000 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3004 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3006 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3008 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3010 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3011 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3013 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3014 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3015 * masked by overloading.pm */
3017 const int offset = method / 8;
3018 const int bit = method % 8;
3019 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3021 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3022 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3029 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3034 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3035 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3036 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3037 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3038 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3039 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3040 int use_default_op = 0;
3041 int force_scalar = 0;
3047 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3049 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3050 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3053 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3054 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3055 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3056 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3057 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3059 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3060 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3066 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3067 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3069 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3072 /* look for substituted methods */
3073 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3077 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3078 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3079 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3084 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3085 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3086 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3090 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3093 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3096 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3099 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3100 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3101 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3108 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3111 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3112 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3114 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3115 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3117 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3118 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3119 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3120 delegate to the stash. */
3121 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3127 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3128 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3129 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3131 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3132 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3133 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
3135 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3136 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3137 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3140 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3151 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3153 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3158 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3159 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3162 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3170 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3175 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3176 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3177 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3178 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3179 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3180 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3182 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3185 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3186 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3187 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3188 /* We look for substitution for
3189 * comparison operations and
3191 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3192 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3193 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3215 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3219 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3229 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3237 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3239 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3240 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3241 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3242 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3243 } else if ((use_default_op =
3244 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3245 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3247 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3251 if (off==-1) off=method;
3252 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3253 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
3254 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3255 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3257 "in overloaded package ":
3258 "has no overloaded magic",
3260 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3263 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3266 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3268 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3269 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3270 if (use_default_op) {
3271 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3273 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3277 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3282 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3283 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3284 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3285 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3291 if (off == subtr_amg)
3294 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3295 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3296 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3297 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3317 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3321 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3322 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3323 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3331 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3332 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3333 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3343 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3344 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
3346 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3348 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3349 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3350 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3351 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3352 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3353 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3354 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3355 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3358 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3359 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3360 * version of copy operator
3362 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3363 * a) Assignment form was called.
3364 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3365 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3366 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3367 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3368 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3370 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3371 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3373 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3374 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3377 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3378 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3380 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3381 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3384 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3385 * information by hand */
3386 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3388 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3389 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3391 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3399 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3401 U8 gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3404 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3405 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3406 myop.op_next = NULL;
3407 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3411 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3414 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3415 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3420 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3424 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3427 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3428 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3429 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3430 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3432 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3433 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3434 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3435 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3437 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3438 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3440 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3441 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3442 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3444 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3448 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3452 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3456 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3457 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3460 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3463 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3464 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3465 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3467 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3479 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3486 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3489 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3492 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3495 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3498 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3501 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3504 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3506 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3511 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3513 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3515 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3523 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3528 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3531 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
3533 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3534 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3537 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3538 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3542 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3544 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3545 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3546 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3547 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3548 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3549 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3550 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3552 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3554 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3555 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3556 more compactly represents the same thing.
3562 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3568 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3570 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3572 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3574 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3575 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3576 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3577 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3578 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3579 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3581 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3583 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3585 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3586 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3588 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3589 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3595 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3596 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3597 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3598 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3599 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3600 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3601 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3602 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3603 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3605 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3606 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3610 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3612 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3613 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3614 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3615 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3620 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3622 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3624 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3625 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3626 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3627 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3628 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3629 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3630 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3633 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3639 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3642 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3647 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: