4 perl5db.pl - the perl debugger
8 perl -d your_Perl_script
12 C<perl5db.pl> is the perl debugger. It is loaded automatically by Perl when
13 you invoke a script with C<perl -d>. This documentation tries to outline the
14 structure and services provided by C<perl5db.pl>, and to describe how you
19 The debugger can look pretty forbidding to many Perl programmers. There are
20 a number of reasons for this, many stemming out of the debugger's history.
22 When the debugger was first written, Perl didn't have a lot of its nicer
23 features - no references, no lexical variables, no closures, no object-oriented
24 programming. So a lot of the things one would normally have done using such
25 features was done using global variables, globs and the C<local()> operator
28 Some of these have survived into the current debugger; a few of the more
29 interesting and still-useful idioms are noted in this section, along with notes
30 on the comments themselves.
32 =head2 Why not use more lexicals?
34 Experienced Perl programmers will note that the debugger code tends to use
35 mostly package globals rather than lexically-scoped variables. This is done
36 to allow a significant amount of control of the debugger from outside the
39 Unfortunately, though the variables are accessible, they're not well
40 documented, so it's generally been a decision that hasn't made a lot of
41 difference to most users. Where appropriate, comments have been added to
42 make variables more accessible and usable, with the understanding that these
43 I<are> debugger internals, and are therefore subject to change. Future
44 development should probably attempt to replace the globals with a well-defined
45 API, but for now, the variables are what we've got.
47 =head2 Automated variable stacking via C<local()>
49 As you may recall from reading C<perlfunc>, the C<local()> operator makes a
50 temporary copy of a variable in the current scope. When the scope ends, the
51 old copy is restored. This is often used in the debugger to handle the
52 automatic stacking of variables during recursive calls:
57 # Do some stuff, then ...
61 What happens is that on entry to the subroutine, C<$some_global> is localized,
62 then altered. When the subroutine returns, Perl automatically undoes the
63 localization, restoring the previous value. Voila, automatic stack management.
65 The debugger uses this trick a I<lot>. Of particular note is C<DB::eval>,
66 which lets the debugger get control inside of C<eval>'ed code. The debugger
67 localizes a saved copy of C<$@> inside the subroutine, which allows it to
68 keep C<$@> safe until it C<DB::eval> returns, at which point the previous
69 value of C<$@> is restored. This makes it simple (well, I<simpler>) to keep
70 track of C<$@> inside C<eval>s which C<eval> other C<eval's>.
72 In any case, watch for this pattern. It occurs fairly often.
76 This is used to cleverly reverse the sense of a logical test depending on
77 the value of an auxiliary variable. For instance, the debugger's C<S>
78 (search for subroutines by pattern) allows you to negate the pattern
81 # Find all non-'foo' subs:
84 Boolean algebra states that the truth table for XOR looks like this:
90 (! not present and no match) --> false, don't print
94 (! not present and matches) --> true, print
98 (! present and no match) --> true, print
102 (! present and matches) --> false, don't print
106 As you can see, the first pair applies when C<!> isn't supplied, and
107 the second pair applies when it is. The XOR simply allows us to
108 compact a more complicated if-then-elseif-else into a more elegant
109 (but perhaps overly clever) single test. After all, it needed this
112 =head2 FLAGS, FLAGS, FLAGS
114 There is a certain C programming legacy in the debugger. Some variables,
115 such as C<$single>, C<$trace>, and C<$frame>, have I<magical> values composed
116 of 1, 2, 4, etc. (powers of 2) OR'ed together. This allows several pieces
117 of state to be stored independently in a single scalar.
123 is checking to see if the appropriate bit is on. Since each bit can be
124 "addressed" independently in this way, C<$scalar> is acting sort of like
125 an array of bits. Obviously, since the contents of C<$scalar> are just a
126 bit-pattern, we can save and restore it easily (it will just look like
129 The problem, is of course, that this tends to leave magic numbers scattered
130 all over your program whenever a bit is set, cleared, or checked. So why do
137 First, doing an arithmetical or bitwise operation on a scalar is
138 just about the fastest thing you can do in Perl: C<use constant> actually
139 creates a subroutine call, and array and hash lookups are much slower. Is
140 this over-optimization at the expense of readability? Possibly, but the
141 debugger accesses these variables a I<lot>. Any rewrite of the code will
142 probably have to benchmark alternate implementations and see which is the
143 best balance of readability and speed, and then document how it actually
148 Second, it's very easy to serialize a scalar number. This is done in
149 the restart code; the debugger state variables are saved in C<%ENV> and then
150 restored when the debugger is restarted. Having them be just numbers makes
155 Third, some of these variables are being shared with the Perl core
156 smack in the middle of the interpreter's execution loop. It's much faster for
157 a C program (like the interpreter) to check a bit in a scalar than to access
158 several different variables (or a Perl array).
162 =head2 What are those C<XXX> comments for?
164 Any comment containing C<XXX> means that the comment is either somewhat
165 speculative - it's not exactly clear what a given variable or chunk of
166 code is doing, or that it is incomplete - the basics may be clear, but the
167 subtleties are not completely documented.
169 Send in a patch if you can clear up, fill out, or clarify an C<XXX>.
171 =head1 DATA STRUCTURES MAINTAINED BY CORE
173 There are a number of special data structures provided to the debugger by
174 the Perl interpreter.
176 The array C<@{$main::{'_<'.$filename}}> (aliased locally to C<@dbline>
177 via glob assignment) contains the text from C<$filename>, with each
178 element corresponding to a single line of C<$filename>. Additionally,
179 breakable lines will be dualvars with the numeric component being the
180 memory address of a COP node. Non-breakable lines are dualvar to 0.
182 The hash C<%{'_<'.$filename}> (aliased locally to C<%dbline> via glob
183 assignment) contains breakpoints and actions. The keys are line numbers;
184 you can set individual values, but not the whole hash. The Perl interpreter
185 uses this hash to determine where breakpoints have been set. Any true value is
186 considered to be a breakpoint; C<perl5db.pl> uses C<$break_condition\0$action>.
187 Values are magical in numeric context: 1 if the line is breakable, 0 if not.
189 The scalar C<${"_<$filename"}> simply contains the string C<$filename>.
190 This is also the case for evaluated strings that contain subroutines, or
191 which are currently being executed. The $filename for C<eval>ed strings looks
194 =head1 DEBUGGER STARTUP
196 When C<perl5db.pl> starts, it reads an rcfile (C<perl5db.ini> for
197 non-interactive sessions, C<.perldb> for interactive ones) that can set a number
198 of options. In addition, this file may define a subroutine C<&afterinit>
199 that will be executed (in the debugger's context) after the debugger has
202 Next, it checks the C<PERLDB_OPTS> environment variable and treats its
203 contents as the argument of a C<o> command in the debugger.
205 =head2 STARTUP-ONLY OPTIONS
207 The following options can only be specified at startup.
208 To set them in your rcfile, add a call to
209 C<&parse_options("optionName=new_value")>.
215 the TTY to use for debugging i/o.
219 if set, goes in NonStop mode. On interrupt, if TTY is not set,
220 uses the value of noTTY or F<$HOME/.perldbtty$$> to find TTY using
221 Term::Rendezvous. Current variant is to have the name of TTY in this
226 if false, a dummy ReadLine is used, so you can debug
227 ReadLine applications.
231 if true, no i/o is performed until interrupt.
235 file or pipe to print line number info to. If it is a
236 pipe, a short "emacs like" message is used.
240 host:port to connect to on remote host for remote debugging.
244 file to store session history to. There is no default and so no
245 history file is written unless this variable is explicitly set.
249 number of commands to store to the file specified in C<HistFile>.
256 &parse_options("NonStop=1 LineInfo=db.out");
257 sub afterinit { $trace = 1; }
259 The script will run without human intervention, putting trace
260 information into C<db.out>. (If you interrupt it, you had better
261 reset C<LineInfo> to something I<interactive>!)
263 =head1 INTERNALS DESCRIPTION
265 =head2 DEBUGGER INTERFACE VARIABLES
267 Perl supplies the values for C<%sub>. It effectively inserts
268 a C<&DB::DB();> in front of each place that can have a
269 breakpoint. At each subroutine call, it calls C<&DB::sub> with
270 C<$DB::sub> set to the called subroutine. It also inserts a C<BEGIN
271 {require 'perl5db.pl'}> before the first line.
273 After each C<require>d file is compiled, but before it is executed, a
274 call to C<&DB::postponed($main::{'_<'.$filename})> is done. C<$filename>
275 is the expanded name of the C<require>d file (as found via C<%INC>).
277 =head3 IMPORTANT INTERNAL VARIABLES
281 Used to control when the debugger will attempt to acquire another TTY to be
286 =item * 1 - on C<fork()>
288 =item * 2 - debugger is started inside debugger
290 =item * 4 - on startup
296 The value -2 indicates that no return value should be printed.
297 Any other positive value causes C<DB::sub> to print return values.
301 The item to be eval'ed by C<DB::eval>. Used to prevent messing with the current
302 contents of C<@_> when C<DB::eval> is called.
306 Determines what messages (if any) will get printed when a subroutine (or eval)
307 is entered or exited.
311 =item * 0 - No enter/exit messages
313 =item * 1 - Print I<entering> messages on subroutine entry
315 =item * 2 - Adds exit messages on subroutine exit. If no other flag is on, acts like 1+2.
317 =item * 4 - Extended messages: C<< <in|out> I<context>=I<fully-qualified sub name> from I<file>:I<line> >>. If no other flag is on, acts like 1+4.
319 =item * 8 - Adds parameter information to messages, and overloaded stringify and tied FETCH is enabled on the printed arguments. Ignored if C<4> is not on.
321 =item * 16 - Adds C<I<context> return from I<subname>: I<value>> messages on subroutine/eval exit. Ignored if C<4> is not on.
325 To get everything, use C<$frame=30> (or C<o f=30> as a debugger command).
326 The debugger internally juggles the value of C<$frame> during execution to
327 protect external modules that the debugger uses from getting traced.
331 Tracks current debugger nesting level. Used to figure out how many
332 C<E<lt>E<gt>> pairs to surround the line number with when the debugger
333 outputs a prompt. Also used to help determine if the program has finished
334 during command parsing.
336 =head4 C<$onetimeDump>
338 Controls what (if anything) C<DB::eval()> will print after evaluating an
343 =item * C<undef> - don't print anything
345 =item * C<dump> - use C<dumpvar.pl> to display the value returned
347 =item * C<methods> - print the methods callable on the first item returned
351 =head4 C<$onetimeDumpDepth>
353 Controls how far down C<dumpvar.pl> will go before printing C<...> while
354 dumping a structure. Numeric. If C<undef>, print all levels.
358 Used to track whether or not an C<INT> signal has been detected. C<DB::DB()>,
359 which is called before every statement, checks this and puts the user into
360 command mode if it finds C<$signal> set to a true value.
364 Controls behavior during single-stepping. Stacked in C<@stack> on entry to
365 each subroutine; popped again at the end of each subroutine.
369 =item * 0 - run continuously.
371 =item * 1 - single-step, go into subs. The C<s> command.
373 =item * 2 - single-step, don't go into subs. The C<n> command.
375 =item * 4 - print current sub depth (turned on to force this when C<too much
382 Controls the output of trace information.
386 =item * 1 - The C<t> command was entered to turn on tracing (every line executed is printed)
388 =item * 2 - watch expressions are active
390 =item * 4 - user defined a C<watchfunction()> in C<afterinit()>
394 =head4 C<$slave_editor>
396 1 if C<LINEINFO> was directed to a pipe; 0 otherwise.
400 Stack of filehandles that C<DB::readline()> will read commands from.
401 Manipulated by the debugger's C<source> command and C<DB::readline()> itself.
405 Local alias to the magical line array, C<@{$main::{'_<'.$filename}}> ,
406 supplied by the Perl interpreter to the debugger. Contains the source.
410 Previous values of watch expressions. First set when the expression is
411 entered; reset whenever the watch expression changes.
415 Saves important globals (C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, C<$^W>)
416 so that the debugger can substitute safe values while it's running, and
417 restore them when it returns control.
421 Saves the current value of C<$single> on entry to a subroutine.
422 Manipulated by the C<c> command to turn off tracing in all subs above the
427 The 'watch' expressions: to be evaluated before each line is executed.
431 The typeahead buffer, used by C<DB::readline>.
435 Command aliases. Stored as character strings to be substituted for a command
438 =head4 C<%break_on_load>
440 Keys are file names, values are 1 (break when this file is loaded) or undef
441 (don't break when it is loaded).
445 Keys are line numbers, values are C<condition\0action>. If used in numeric
446 context, values are 0 if not breakable, 1 if breakable, no matter what is
447 in the actual hash entry.
449 =head4 C<%had_breakpoints>
451 Keys are file names; values are bitfields:
455 =item * 1 - file has a breakpoint in it.
457 =item * 2 - file has an action in it.
461 A zero or undefined value means this file has neither.
465 Stores the debugger options. These are character string values.
469 Saves breakpoints for code that hasn't been compiled yet.
470 Keys are subroutine names, values are:
474 =item * C<compile> - break when this sub is compiled
476 =item * C<< break +0 if <condition> >> - break (conditionally) at the start of this routine. The condition will be '1' if no condition was specified.
480 =head4 C<%postponed_file>
482 This hash keeps track of breakpoints that need to be set for files that have
483 not yet been compiled. Keys are filenames; values are references to hashes.
484 Each of these hashes is keyed by line number, and its values are breakpoint
485 definitions (C<condition\0action>).
487 =head1 DEBUGGER INITIALIZATION
489 The debugger's initialization actually jumps all over the place inside this
490 package. This is because there are several BEGIN blocks (which of course
491 execute immediately) spread through the code. Why is that?
493 The debugger needs to be able to change some things and set some things up
494 before the debugger code is compiled; most notably, the C<$deep> variable that
495 C<DB::sub> uses to tell when a program has recursed deeply. In addition, the
496 debugger has to turn off warnings while the debugger code is compiled, but then
497 restore them to their original setting before the program being debugged begins
500 The first C<BEGIN> block simply turns off warnings by saving the current
501 setting of C<$^W> and then setting it to zero. The second one initializes
502 the debugger variables that are needed before the debugger begins executing.
503 The third one puts C<$^X> back to its former value.
505 We'll detail the second C<BEGIN> block later; just remember that if you need
506 to initialize something before the debugger starts really executing, that's
519 BEGIN {eval 'use IO::Handle'}; # Needed for flush only? breaks under miniperl
523 $^V =~ /^v(\d+\.\d+)/;
524 feature->import(":$1");
525 $_initial_cwd = Cwd::getcwd();
528 # Debugger for Perl 5.00x; perl5db.pl patch level:
529 use vars qw($VERSION $header);
533 $header = "perl5db.pl version $VERSION";
535 =head1 DEBUGGER ROUTINES
539 This function replaces straight C<eval()> inside the debugger; it simplifies
540 the process of evaluating code in the user's context.
542 The code to be evaluated is passed via the package global variable
543 C<$DB::evalarg>; this is done to avoid fiddling with the contents of C<@_>.
545 Before we do the C<eval()>, we preserve the current settings of C<$trace>,
546 C<$single>, C<$^D> and C<$usercontext>. The latter contains the
547 preserved values of C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, C<$^W> and the
548 user's current package, grabbed when C<DB::DB> got control. This causes the
549 proper context to be used when the eval is actually done. Afterward, we
550 restore C<$trace>, C<$single>, and C<$^D>.
552 Next we need to handle C<$@> without getting confused. We save C<$@> in a
553 local lexical, localize C<$saved[0]> (which is where C<save()> will put
554 C<$@>), and then call C<save()> to capture C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>,
555 C<$/>, C<$\>, and C<$^W>) and set C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, and C<$^W> to values
556 considered sane by the debugger. If there was an C<eval()> error, we print
557 it on the debugger's output. If C<$onetimedump> is defined, we call
558 C<dumpit> if it's set to 'dump', or C<methods> if it's set to
559 'methods'. Setting it to something else causes the debugger to do the eval
560 but not print the result - handy if you want to do something else with it
561 (the "watch expressions" code does this to get the value of the watch
562 expression but not show it unless it matters).
564 In any case, we then return the list of output from C<eval> to the caller,
565 and unwinding restores the former version of C<$@> in C<@saved> as well
566 (the localization of C<$saved[0]> goes away at the end of this scope).
568 =head3 Parameters and variables influencing execution of DB::eval()
570 C<DB::eval> isn't parameterized in the standard way; this is to keep the
571 debugger's calls to C<DB::eval()> from mucking with C<@_>, among other things.
572 The variables listed below influence C<DB::eval()>'s execution directly.
576 =item C<$evalarg> - the thing to actually be eval'ed
578 =item C<$trace> - Current state of execution tracing
580 =item C<$single> - Current state of single-stepping
582 =item C<$onetimeDump> - what is to be displayed after the evaluation
584 =item C<$onetimeDumpDepth> - how deep C<dumpit()> should go when dumping results
588 The following variables are altered by C<DB::eval()> during its execution. They
589 are "stacked" via C<local()>, enabling recursive calls to C<DB::eval()>.
593 =item C<@res> - used to capture output from actual C<eval>.
595 =item C<$otrace> - saved value of C<$trace>.
597 =item C<$osingle> - saved value of C<$single>.
599 =item C<$od> - saved value of C<$^D>.
601 =item C<$saved[0]> - saved value of C<$@>.
603 =item $\ - for output of C<$@> if there is an evaluation error.
607 =head3 The problem of lexicals
609 The context of C<DB::eval()> presents us with some problems. Obviously,
610 we want to be 'sandboxed' away from the debugger's internals when we do
611 the eval, but we need some way to control how punctuation variables and
612 debugger globals are used.
614 We can't use local, because the code inside C<DB::eval> can see localized
615 variables; and we can't use C<my> either for the same reason. The code
616 in this routine compromises and uses C<my>.
618 After this routine is over, we don't have user code executing in the debugger's
619 context, so we can use C<my> freely.
623 ############################################## Begin lexical danger zone
625 # 'my' variables used here could leak into (that is, be visible in)
626 # the context that the code being evaluated is executing in. This means that
627 # the code could modify the debugger's variables.
629 # Fiddling with the debugger's context could be Bad. We insulate things as
694 # Used to save @ARGV and extract any debugger-related flags.
697 # Used to prevent multiple entries to diesignal()
698 # (if for instance diesignal() itself dies)
701 # Used to prevent the debugger from running nonstop
705 sub _calc_usercontext {
708 # Cancel strict completely for the evaluated code, so the code
709 # the user evaluates won't be affected by it. (Shlomi Fish)
710 return 'no strict; ($@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W) = @DB::saved;'
711 . "package $package;"; # this won't let them modify, alas
716 # 'my' would make it visible from user code
717 # but so does local! --tchrist
718 # Remember: this localizes @DB::res, not @main::res.
722 # Try to keep the user code from messing with us. Save these so that
723 # even if the eval'ed code changes them, we can put them back again.
724 # Needed because the user could refer directly to the debugger's
725 # package globals (and any 'my' variables in this containing scope)
726 # inside the eval(), and we want to try to stay safe.
727 local $otrace = $trace;
728 local $osingle = $single;
731 # Untaint the incoming eval() argument.
732 { ($evalarg) = $evalarg =~ /(.*)/s; }
734 # $usercontext built in DB::DB near the comment
735 # "set up the context for DB::eval ..."
736 # Evaluate and save any results.
737 @res = eval "$usercontext $evalarg;\n"; # '\n' for nice recursive debug
739 # Restore those old values.
745 # Save the current value of $@, and preserve it in the debugger's copy
746 # of the saved precious globals.
749 # Since we're only saving $@, we only have to localize the array element
750 # that it will be stored in.
751 local $saved[0]; # Preserve the old value of $@
754 # Now see whether we need to report an error back to the user.
760 # Display as required by the caller. $onetimeDump and $onetimedumpDepth
761 # are package globals.
762 elsif ($onetimeDump) {
763 if ( $onetimeDump eq 'dump' ) {
764 local $option{dumpDepth} = $onetimedumpDepth
765 if defined $onetimedumpDepth;
766 dumpit( $OUT, \@res );
768 elsif ( $onetimeDump eq 'methods' ) {
771 } ## end elsif ($onetimeDump)
775 ############################################## End lexical danger zone
777 # After this point it is safe to introduce lexicals.
778 # The code being debugged will be executing in its own context, and
779 # can't see the inside of the debugger.
781 # However, one should not overdo it: leave as much control from outside as
782 # possible. If you make something a lexical, it's not going to be addressable
783 # from outside the debugger even if you know its name.
785 # This file is automatically included if you do perl -d.
786 # It's probably not useful to include this yourself.
788 # Before venturing further into these twisty passages, it is
789 # wise to read the perldebguts man page or risk the ire of dragons.
791 # (It should be noted that perldebguts will tell you a lot about
792 # the underlying mechanics of how the debugger interfaces into the
793 # Perl interpreter, but not a lot about the debugger itself. The new
794 # comments in this code try to address this problem.)
796 # Note that no subroutine call is possible until &DB::sub is defined
797 # (for subroutines defined outside of the package DB). In fact the same is
798 # true if $deep is not defined.
800 # Enhanced by ilya@math.ohio-state.edu (Ilya Zakharevich)
802 # modified Perl debugger, to be run from Emacs in perldb-mode
803 # Ray Lischner (uunet!mntgfx!lisch) as of 5 Nov 1990
804 # Johan Vromans -- upgrade to 4.0 pl 10
805 # Ilya Zakharevich -- patches after 5.001 (and some before ;-)
806 ########################################################################
808 =head1 DEBUGGER INITIALIZATION
810 The debugger starts up in phases.
814 First, it initializes the environment it wants to run in: turning off
815 warnings during its own compilation, defining variables which it will need
816 to avoid warnings later, setting itself up to not exit when the program
817 terminates, and defaulting to printing return values for the C<r> command.
821 # Needed for the statement after exec():
823 # This BEGIN block is simply used to switch off warnings during debugger
824 # compilation. Probably it would be better practice to fix the warnings,
825 # but this is how it's done at the moment.
830 } # Switch compilation warnings off until another BEGIN.
832 local ($^W) = 0; # Switch run-time warnings off during init.
834 =head2 THREADS SUPPORT
836 If we are running under a threaded Perl, we require threads and threads::shared
837 if the environment variable C<PERL5DB_THREADED> is set, to enable proper
838 threaded debugger control. C<-dt> can also be used to set this.
840 Each new thread will be announced and the debugger prompt will always inform
841 you of each new thread created. It will also indicate the thread id in which
842 we are currently running within the prompt like this:
846 Where C<[tid]> is an integer thread id and C<$i> is the familiar debugger
847 command prompt. The prompt will show: C<[0]> when running under threads, but
848 not actually in a thread. C<[tid]> is consistent with C<gdb> usage.
850 While running under threads, when you set or delete a breakpoint (etc.), this
851 will apply to all threads, not just the currently running one. When you are
852 in a currently executing thread, you will stay there until it completes. With
853 the current implementation it is not currently possible to hop from one thread
856 The C<e> and C<E> commands are currently fairly minimal - see C<h e> and C<h E>.
858 Note that threading support was built into the debugger as of Perl version
859 C<5.8.6> and debugger version C<1.2.8>.
864 # ensure we can share our non-threaded variables or no-op
865 if ($ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
867 require threads::shared;
868 import threads::shared qw(share);
872 print "Threads support enabled\n";
874 *share = sub(\[$@%]) {};
878 # These variables control the execution of 'dumpvar.pl'.
893 # used to control die() reporting in diesignal()
896 use vars qw($CarpLevel);
899 # without threads, $filename is not defined until DB::DB is called
900 share($main::{'_<'.$filename}) if defined $filename;
902 # Command-line + PERLLIB:
903 # Save the contents of @INC before they are modified elsewhere.
906 # This was an attempt to clear out the previous values of various
907 # trapped errors. Apparently it didn't help. XXX More info needed!
908 # $prevwarn = $prevdie = $prevbus = $prevsegv = ''; # Does not help?!
910 # We set these variables to safe values. We don't want to blindly turn
911 # off warnings, because other packages may still want them.
912 $trace = $signal = $single = 0; # Uninitialized warning suppression
913 # (local $^W cannot help - other packages!).
915 # Default to not exiting when program finishes; print the return
916 # value when the 'r' command is used to return from a subroutine.
917 $inhibit_exit = $option{PrintRet} = 1;
919 use vars qw($trace_to_depth);
921 # Default to 1E9 so it won't be limited to a certain recursion depth.
922 $trace_to_depth = 1E9;
924 =head1 OPTION PROCESSING
926 The debugger's options are actually spread out over the debugger itself and
927 C<dumpvar.pl>; some of these are variables to be set, while others are
928 subs to be called with a value. To try to make this a little easier to
929 manage, the debugger uses a few data structures to define what options
930 are legal and how they are to be processed.
932 First, the C<@options> array defines the I<names> of all the options that
938 CommandSet HistFile HistSize
939 hashDepth arrayDepth dumpDepth
940 DumpDBFiles DumpPackages DumpReused
941 compactDump veryCompact quote
942 HighBit undefPrint globPrint
943 PrintRet UsageOnly frame
945 ReadLine NonStop LineInfo
946 maxTraceLen recallCommand ShellBang
947 pager tkRunning ornaments
948 signalLevel warnLevel dieLevel
949 inhibit_exit ImmediateStop bareStringify
950 CreateTTY RemotePort windowSize
954 @RememberOnROptions = qw(DollarCaretP);
958 Second, C<optionVars> lists the variables that each option uses to save its
963 use vars qw(%optionVars);
966 hashDepth => \$dumpvar::hashDepth,
967 arrayDepth => \$dumpvar::arrayDepth,
968 CommandSet => \$CommandSet,
969 DumpDBFiles => \$dumpvar::dumpDBFiles,
970 DumpPackages => \$dumpvar::dumpPackages,
971 DumpReused => \$dumpvar::dumpReused,
972 HighBit => \$dumpvar::quoteHighBit,
973 undefPrint => \$dumpvar::printUndef,
974 globPrint => \$dumpvar::globPrint,
975 UsageOnly => \$dumpvar::usageOnly,
976 CreateTTY => \$CreateTTY,
977 bareStringify => \$dumpvar::bareStringify,
979 AutoTrace => \$trace,
980 inhibit_exit => \$inhibit_exit,
981 maxTraceLen => \$maxtrace,
982 ImmediateStop => \$ImmediateStop,
983 RemotePort => \$remoteport,
984 windowSize => \$window,
985 HistFile => \$histfile,
986 HistSize => \$histsize,
991 Third, C<%optionAction> defines the subroutine to be called to process each
996 use vars qw(%optionAction);
999 compactDump => \&dumpvar::compactDump,
1000 veryCompact => \&dumpvar::veryCompact,
1001 quote => \&dumpvar::quote,
1004 ReadLine => \&ReadLine,
1005 NonStop => \&NonStop,
1006 LineInfo => \&LineInfo,
1007 recallCommand => \&recallCommand,
1008 ShellBang => \&shellBang,
1010 signalLevel => \&signalLevel,
1011 warnLevel => \&warnLevel,
1012 dieLevel => \&dieLevel,
1013 tkRunning => \&tkRunning,
1014 ornaments => \&ornaments,
1015 RemotePort => \&RemotePort,
1016 DollarCaretP => \&DollarCaretP,
1021 Last, the C<%optionRequire> notes modules that must be C<require>d if an
1026 # Note that this list is not complete: several options not listed here
1027 # actually require that dumpvar.pl be loaded for them to work, but are
1028 # not in the table. A subsequent patch will correct this problem; for
1029 # the moment, we're just recommenting, and we are NOT going to change
1031 use vars qw(%optionRequire);
1034 compactDump => 'dumpvar.pl',
1035 veryCompact => 'dumpvar.pl',
1036 quote => 'dumpvar.pl',
1041 There are a number of initialization-related variables which can be set
1042 by putting code to set them in a BEGIN block in the C<PERL5DB> environment
1043 variable. These are:
1047 =item C<$rl> - readline control XXX needs more explanation
1049 =item C<$warnLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over warning handling
1051 =item C<$dieLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over die handling
1053 =item C<$signalLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over signal handling
1055 =item C<$pre> - preprompt actions (array reference)
1057 =item C<$post> - postprompt actions (array reference)
1061 =item C<$CreateTTY> - whether or not to create a new TTY for this debugger
1063 =item C<$CommandSet> - which command set to use (defaults to new, documented set)
1069 # These guys may be defined in $ENV{PERL5DB} :
1070 $rl = 1 unless defined $rl;
1071 $warnLevel = 1 unless defined $warnLevel;
1072 $dieLevel = 1 unless defined $dieLevel;
1073 $signalLevel = 1 unless defined $signalLevel;
1074 $pre = [] unless defined $pre;
1075 $post = [] unless defined $post;
1076 $pretype = [] unless defined $pretype;
1077 $CreateTTY = 3 unless defined $CreateTTY;
1078 $CommandSet = '580' unless defined $CommandSet;
1083 share($signalLevel);
1093 The default C<die>, C<warn>, and C<signal> handlers are set up.
1097 warnLevel($warnLevel);
1098 dieLevel($dieLevel);
1099 signalLevel($signalLevel);
1103 The pager to be used is needed next. We try to get it from the
1104 environment first. If it's not defined there, we try to find it in
1105 the Perl C<Config.pm>. If it's not there, we default to C<more>. We
1106 then call the C<pager()> function to save the pager name.
1110 # This routine makes sure $pager is set up so that '|' can use it.
1113 # If PAGER is defined in the environment, use it.
1117 # If not, see if Config.pm defines it.
1118 : eval { require Config }
1119 && defined $Config::Config{pager}
1120 ? $Config::Config{pager}
1122 # If not, fall back to 'more'.
1125 unless defined $pager;
1129 We set up the command to be used to access the man pages, the command
1130 recall character (C<!> unless otherwise defined) and the shell escape
1131 character (C<!> unless otherwise defined). Yes, these do conflict, and
1132 neither works in the debugger at the moment.
1138 # Set up defaults for command recall and shell escape (note:
1139 # these currently don't work in linemode debugging).
1140 recallCommand("!") unless defined $prc;
1141 shellBang("!") unless defined $psh;
1145 We then set up the gigantic string containing the debugger help.
1146 We also set the limit on the number of arguments we'll display during a
1153 # If we didn't get a default for the length of eval/stack trace args,
1155 $maxtrace = 400 unless defined $maxtrace;
1157 =head2 SETTING UP THE DEBUGGER GREETING
1159 The debugger I<greeting> helps to inform the user how many debuggers are
1160 running, and whether the current debugger is the primary or a child.
1162 If we are the primary, we just hang onto our pid so we'll have it when
1163 or if we start a child debugger. If we are a child, we'll set things up
1164 so we'll have a unique greeting and so the parent will give us our own
1167 We save the current contents of the C<PERLDB_PIDS> environment variable
1168 because we mess around with it. We'll also need to hang onto it because
1169 we'll need it if we restart.
1171 Child debuggers make a label out of the current PID structure recorded in
1172 PERLDB_PIDS plus the new PID. They also mark themselves as not having a TTY
1173 yet so the parent will give them one later via C<resetterm()>.
1177 # Save the current contents of the environment; we're about to
1178 # much with it. We'll need this if we have to restart.
1179 use vars qw($ini_pids);
1180 $ini_pids = $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS};
1182 use vars qw ($pids $term_pid);
1184 if ( defined $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} ) {
1186 # We're a child. Make us a label out of the current PID structure
1187 # recorded in PERLDB_PIDS plus our (new) PID. Mark us as not having
1188 # a term yet so the parent will give us one later via resetterm().
1190 my $env_pids = $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS};
1191 $pids = "[$env_pids]";
1193 # Unless we are on OpenVMS, all programs under the DCL shell run under
1196 if (($^O eq 'VMS') && ($env_pids =~ /\b$$\b/)) {
1200 $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} .= "->$$";
1204 } ## end if (defined $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS...
1207 # We're the parent PID. Initialize PERLDB_PID in case we end up with a
1208 # child debugger, and mark us as the parent, so we'll know to set up
1209 # more TTY's is we have to.
1210 $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} = "$$";
1215 use vars qw($pidprompt);
1218 # Sets up $emacs as a synonym for $slave_editor.
1219 our ($slave_editor);
1220 *emacs = $slave_editor if $slave_editor; # May be used in afterinit()...
1222 =head2 READING THE RC FILE
1224 The debugger will read a file of initialization options if supplied. If
1225 running interactively, this is C<.perldb>; if not, it's C<perldb.ini>.
1229 # As noted, this test really doesn't check accurately that the debugger
1230 # is running at a terminal or not.
1232 use vars qw($rcfile);
1234 my $dev_tty = (($^O eq 'VMS') ? 'TT:' : '/dev/tty');
1235 # this is the wrong metric!
1236 $rcfile = ((-e $dev_tty) ? ".perldb" : "perldb.ini");
1241 The debugger does a safety test of the file to be read. It must be owned
1242 either by the current user or root, and must only be writable by the owner.
1246 # This wraps a safety test around "do" to read and evaluate the init file.
1248 # This isn't really safe, because there's a race
1249 # between checking and opening. The solution is to
1250 # open and fstat the handle, but then you have to read and
1251 # eval the contents. But then the silly thing gets
1252 # your lexical scope, which is unfortunate at best.
1256 # Just exactly what part of the word "CORE::" don't you understand?
1257 local $SIG{__WARN__};
1258 local $SIG{__DIE__};
1260 unless ( is_safe_file($file) ) {
1261 CORE::warn <<EO_GRIPE;
1262 perldb: Must not source insecure rcfile $file.
1263 You or the superuser must be the owner, and it must not
1264 be writable by anyone but its owner.
1267 } ## end unless (is_safe_file($file...
1270 CORE::warn("perldb: couldn't parse $file: $@") if $@;
1271 } ## end sub safe_do
1273 # This is the safety test itself.
1275 # Verifies that owner is either real user or superuser and that no
1276 # one but owner may write to it. This function is of limited use
1277 # when called on a path instead of upon a handle, because there are
1278 # no guarantees that filename (by dirent) whose file (by ino) is
1279 # eventually accessed is the same as the one tested.
1280 # Assumes that the file's existence is not in doubt.
1283 stat($path) || return; # mysteriously vaporized
1284 my ( $dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid ) = stat(_);
1286 return 0 if $uid != 0 && $uid != $<;
1287 return 0 if $mode & 022;
1289 } ## end sub is_safe_file
1291 # If the rcfile (whichever one we decided was the right one to read)
1292 # exists, we safely do it.
1294 safe_do("./$rcfile");
1297 # If there isn't one here, try the user's home directory.
1298 elsif ( defined $ENV{HOME} && -f "$ENV{HOME}/$rcfile" ) {
1299 safe_do("$ENV{HOME}/$rcfile");
1302 # Else try the login directory.
1303 elsif ( defined $ENV{LOGDIR} && -f "$ENV{LOGDIR}/$rcfile" ) {
1304 safe_do("$ENV{LOGDIR}/$rcfile");
1307 # If the PERLDB_OPTS variable has options in it, parse those out next.
1308 if ( defined $ENV{PERLDB_OPTS} ) {
1309 parse_options( $ENV{PERLDB_OPTS} );
1314 The last thing we do during initialization is determine which subroutine is
1315 to be used to obtain a new terminal when a new debugger is started. Right now,
1316 the debugger only handles TCP sockets, X11, OS/2, amd Mac OS X
1321 # Set up the get_fork_TTY subroutine to be aliased to the proper routine.
1322 # Works if you're running an xterm or xterm-like window, or you're on
1323 # OS/2, or on Mac OS X. This may need some expansion.
1325 if (not defined &get_fork_TTY) # only if no routine exists
1327 if ( defined $remoteport ) {
1328 # Expect an inetd-like server
1329 *get_fork_TTY = \&socket_get_fork_TTY; # to listen to us
1331 elsif (defined $ENV{TERM} # If we know what kind
1332 # of terminal this is,
1333 and $ENV{TERM} eq 'xterm' # and it's an xterm,
1334 and defined $ENV{DISPLAY} # and what display it's on,
1337 *get_fork_TTY = \&xterm_get_fork_TTY; # use the xterm version
1339 elsif ( $ENV{TMUX} ) {
1340 *get_fork_TTY = \&tmux_get_fork_TTY;
1342 elsif ( $^O eq 'os2' ) { # If this is OS/2,
1343 *get_fork_TTY = \&os2_get_fork_TTY; # use the OS/2 version
1345 elsif ( $^O eq 'darwin' # If this is Mac OS X
1346 and defined $ENV{TERM_PROGRAM} # and we're running inside
1347 and $ENV{TERM_PROGRAM}
1348 eq 'Apple_Terminal' # Terminal.app
1351 *get_fork_TTY = \&macosx_get_fork_TTY; # use the Mac OS X version
1353 } ## end if (not defined &get_fork_TTY...
1355 # untaint $^O, which may have been tainted by the last statement.
1356 # see bug [perl #24674]
1360 # Here begin the unreadable code. It needs fixing.
1362 =head2 RESTART PROCESSING
1364 This section handles the restart command. When the C<R> command is invoked, it
1365 tries to capture all of the state it can into environment variables, and
1366 then sets C<PERLDB_RESTART>. When we start executing again, we check to see
1367 if C<PERLDB_RESTART> is there; if so, we reload all the information that
1368 the R command stuffed into the environment variables.
1370 PERLDB_RESTART - flag only, contains no restart data itself.
1371 PERLDB_HIST - command history, if it's available
1372 PERLDB_ON_LOAD - breakpoints set by the rc file
1373 PERLDB_POSTPONE - subs that have been loaded/not executed,
1375 PERLDB_VISITED - files that had breakpoints
1376 PERLDB_FILE_... - breakpoints for a file
1377 PERLDB_OPT - active options
1378 PERLDB_INC - the original @INC
1379 PERLDB_PRETYPE - preprompt debugger actions
1380 PERLDB_PRE - preprompt Perl code
1381 PERLDB_POST - post-prompt Perl code
1382 PERLDB_TYPEAHEAD - typeahead captured by readline()
1384 We chug through all these variables and plug the values saved in them
1385 back into the appropriate spots in the debugger.
1389 use vars qw(%postponed_file @typeahead);
1391 our (@hist, @truehist);
1393 sub _restore_shared_globals_after_restart
1395 @hist = get_list('PERLDB_HIST');
1396 %break_on_load = get_list("PERLDB_ON_LOAD");
1397 %postponed = get_list("PERLDB_POSTPONE");
1401 share(%break_on_load);
1405 sub _restore_breakpoints_and_actions {
1407 my @had_breakpoints = get_list("PERLDB_VISITED");
1409 for my $file_idx ( 0 .. $#had_breakpoints ) {
1410 my $filename = $had_breakpoints[$file_idx];
1411 my %pf = get_list("PERLDB_FILE_$file_idx");
1412 $postponed_file{ $filename } = \%pf if %pf;
1413 my @lines = sort {$a <=> $b} keys(%pf);
1414 my @enabled_statuses = get_list("PERLDB_FILE_ENABLED_$file_idx");
1415 for my $line_idx (0 .. $#lines) {
1416 _set_breakpoint_enabled_status(
1419 ($enabled_statuses[$line_idx] ? 1 : ''),
1427 sub _restore_options_after_restart
1429 my %options_map = get_list("PERLDB_OPT");
1431 while ( my ( $opt, $val ) = each %options_map ) {
1432 $val =~ s/[\\\']/\\$1/g;
1433 parse_options("$opt'$val'");
1439 sub _restore_globals_after_restart
1441 # restore original @INC
1442 @INC = get_list("PERLDB_INC");
1445 # return pre/postprompt actions and typeahead buffer
1446 $pretype = [ get_list("PERLDB_PRETYPE") ];
1447 $pre = [ get_list("PERLDB_PRE") ];
1448 $post = [ get_list("PERLDB_POST") ];
1449 @typeahead = get_list( "PERLDB_TYPEAHEAD", @typeahead );
1455 if ( exists $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART} ) {
1457 # We're restarting, so we don't need the flag that says to restart anymore.
1458 delete $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART};
1461 _restore_shared_globals_after_restart();
1463 _restore_breakpoints_and_actions();
1466 _restore_options_after_restart();
1468 _restore_globals_after_restart();
1469 } ## end if (exists $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART...
1471 =head2 SETTING UP THE TERMINAL
1473 Now, we'll decide how the debugger is going to interact with the user.
1474 If there's no TTY, we set the debugger to run non-stop; there's not going
1475 to be anyone there to enter commands.
1479 use vars qw($notty $console $tty $LINEINFO);
1480 use vars qw($lineinfo $doccmd);
1484 # Local autoflush to avoid rt#116769,
1485 # as calling IO::File methods causes an unresolvable loop
1486 # that results in debugger failure.
1488 my $o = select($_[0]);
1500 If there is a TTY, we have to determine who it belongs to before we can
1501 proceed. If this is a slave editor or graphical debugger (denoted by
1502 the first command-line switch being '-emacs'), we shift this off and
1503 set C<$rl> to 0 (XXX ostensibly to do straight reads).
1509 # Is Perl being run from a slave editor or graphical debugger?
1510 # If so, don't use readline, and set $slave_editor = 1.
1511 if ($slave_editor = ( @main::ARGV && ( $main::ARGV[0] eq '-emacs' ) )) {
1516 #require Term::ReadLine;
1520 We then determine what the console should be on various systems:
1524 =item * Cygwin - We use C<stdin> instead of a separate device.
1528 if ( $^O eq 'cygwin' ) {
1530 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1534 =item * Unix - use F</dev/tty>.
1538 elsif ( -e "/dev/tty" ) {
1539 $console = "/dev/tty";
1542 =item * Windows or MSDOS - use C<con>.
1546 elsif ( $^O eq 'dos' or -e "con" or $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) {
1550 =item * VMS - use C<sys$command>.
1556 # everything else is ...
1557 $console = "sys\$command";
1564 Several other systems don't use a specific console. We C<undef $console>
1565 for those (Windows using a slave editor/graphical debugger, NetWare, OS/2
1566 with a slave editor).
1570 if ( ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) and ( $slave_editor or defined $ENV{EMACS} ) ) {
1572 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1576 if ( $^O eq 'NetWare' ) {
1578 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1582 # In OS/2, we need to use STDIN to get textmode too, even though
1583 # it pretty much looks like Unix otherwise.
1584 if ( defined $ENV{OS2_SHELL} and ( $slave_editor or $ENV{WINDOWID} ) )
1591 If there is a TTY hanging around from a parent, we use that as the console.
1595 $console = $tty if defined $tty;
1597 =head2 SOCKET HANDLING
1599 The debugger is capable of opening a socket and carrying out a debugging
1600 session over the socket.
1602 If C<RemotePort> was defined in the options, the debugger assumes that it
1603 should try to start a debugging session on that port. It builds the socket
1604 and then tries to connect the input and output filehandles to it.
1608 # Handle socket stuff.
1610 if ( defined $remoteport ) {
1612 # If RemotePort was defined in the options, connect input and output
1614 $IN = $OUT = connect_remoteport();
1615 } ## end if (defined $remoteport)
1619 If no C<RemotePort> was defined, and we want to create a TTY on startup,
1620 this is probably a situation where multiple debuggers are running (for example,
1621 a backticked command that starts up another debugger). We create a new IN and
1622 OUT filehandle, and do the necessary mojo to create a new TTY if we know how
1630 # Two debuggers running (probably a system or a backtick that invokes
1631 # the debugger itself under the running one). create a new IN and OUT
1632 # filehandle, and do the necessary mojo to create a new tty if we
1633 # know how, and we can.
1634 create_IN_OUT(4) if $CreateTTY & 4;
1637 # If we have a console, check to see if there are separate ins and
1638 # outs to open. (They are assumed identical if not.)
1640 my ( $i, $o ) = split /,/, $console;
1641 $o = $i unless defined $o;
1643 # read/write on in, or just read, or read on STDIN.
1645 || open( IN, "<$i" )
1646 || open( IN, "<&STDIN" );
1648 # read/write/create/clobber out, or write/create/clobber out,
1649 # or merge with STDERR, or merge with STDOUT.
1651 || open( OUT, ">$o" )
1652 || open( OUT, ">&STDERR" )
1653 || open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ); # so we don't dongle stdout
1655 } ## end if ($console)
1656 elsif ( not defined $console ) {
1658 # No console. Open STDIN.
1659 open( IN, "<&STDIN" );
1661 # merge with STDERR, or with STDOUT.
1662 open( OUT, ">&STDERR" )
1663 || open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ); # so we don't dongle stdout
1664 $console = 'STDIN/OUT';
1665 } ## end elsif (not defined $console)
1667 # Keep copies of the filehandles so that when the pager runs, it
1668 # can close standard input without clobbering ours.
1669 if ($console or (not defined($console))) {
1673 } ## end elsif (from if(defined $remoteport))
1675 # Unbuffer DB::OUT. We need to see responses right away.
1678 # Line info goes to debugger output unless pointed elsewhere.
1679 # Pointing elsewhere makes it possible for slave editors to
1680 # keep track of file and position. We have both a filehandle
1681 # and a I/O description to keep track of.
1682 $LINEINFO = $OUT unless defined $LINEINFO;
1683 $lineinfo = $console unless defined $lineinfo;
1684 # share($LINEINFO); # <- unable to share globs
1689 To finish initialization, we show the debugger greeting,
1690 and then call the C<afterinit()> subroutine if there is one.
1694 # Show the debugger greeting.
1695 $header =~ s/.Header: ([^,]+),v(\s+\S+\s+\S+).*$/$1$2/;
1696 unless ($runnonstop) {
1699 if ( $term_pid eq '-1' ) {
1700 print $OUT "\nDaughter DB session started...\n";
1703 print $OUT "\nLoading DB routines from $header\n";
1706 $slave_editor ? "enabled" : "available", ".\n"
1709 "\nEnter h or 'h h' for help, or '$doccmd perldebug' for more help.\n\n";
1710 } ## end else [ if ($term_pid eq '-1')
1711 } ## end unless ($runnonstop)
1712 } ## end else [ if ($notty)
1714 # XXX This looks like a bug to me.
1715 # Why copy to @ARGS and then futz with @args?
1718 # Make sure backslashes before single quotes are stripped out, and
1719 # keep args unless they are numeric (XXX why?)
1720 # s/\'/\\\'/g; # removed while not justified understandably
1721 # s/(.*)/'$1'/ unless /^-?[\d.]+$/; # ditto
1724 # If there was an afterinit() sub defined, call it. It will get
1725 # executed in our scope, so it can fiddle with debugger globals.
1726 if ( defined &afterinit ) { # May be defined in $rcfile
1730 # Inform us about "Stack dump during die enabled ..." in dieLevel().
1731 use vars qw($I_m_init);
1735 ############################################################ Subroutines
1741 This gigantic subroutine is the heart of the debugger. Called before every
1742 statement, its job is to determine if a breakpoint has been reached, and
1743 stop if so; read commands from the user, parse them, and execute
1744 them, and then send execution off to the next statement.
1746 Note that the order in which the commands are processed is very important;
1747 some commands earlier in the loop will actually alter the C<$cmd> variable
1748 to create other commands to be executed later. This is all highly I<optimized>
1749 but can be confusing. Check the comments for each C<$cmd ... && do {}> to
1750 see what's happening in any given command.
1754 # $cmd cannot be an our() variable unfortunately (possible perl bug?).
1784 sub _DB__determine_if_we_should_break
1786 # if we have something here, see if we should break.
1787 # $stop is lexical and local to this block - $action on the other hand
1792 && _is_breakpoint_enabled($filename, $line)
1793 && (( $stop, $action ) = split( /\0/, $dbline{$line} ) ) )
1796 # Stop if the stop criterion says to just stop.
1797 if ( $stop eq '1' ) {
1801 # It's a conditional stop; eval it in the user's context and
1802 # see if we should stop. If so, remove the one-time sigil.
1804 $evalarg = "\$DB::signal |= 1 if do {$stop}";
1805 # The &-call is here to ascertain the mutability of @_.
1807 # If the breakpoint is temporary, then delete its enabled status.
1808 if ($dbline{$line} =~ s/;9($|\0)/$1/) {
1809 _cancel_breakpoint_temp_enabled_status($filename, $line);
1812 } ## end if ($dbline{$line} && ...
1815 sub _DB__is_finished {
1816 if ($finished and $level <= 1) {
1825 sub _DB__read_next_cmd
1829 # We have a terminal, or can get one ...
1834 # ... and it belongs to this PID or we get one for this PID ...
1835 if ($term_pid != $$) {
1839 # ... and we got a line of command input ...
1840 $cmd = DB::readline(
1841 "$pidprompt $tid DB"
1844 . ( '>' x $level ) . " "
1847 return defined($cmd);
1850 sub _DB__trim_command_and_return_first_component {
1853 $cmd =~ s/\A\s+//s; # trim annoying leading whitespace
1854 $cmd =~ s/\s+\z//s; # trim annoying trailing whitespace
1856 my ($verb, $args) = $cmd =~ m{\A(\S*)\s*(.*)}s;
1858 $obj->cmd_verb($verb);
1859 $obj->cmd_args($args);
1864 sub _DB__handle_f_command {
1867 if ($file = $obj->cmd_args) {
1868 # help for no arguments (old-style was return from sub).
1871 "The old f command is now the r command.\n"; # hint
1872 print $OUT "The new f command switches filenames.\n";
1874 } ## end if (!$file)
1876 # if not in magic file list, try a close match.
1877 if ( !defined $main::{ '_<' . $file } ) {
1878 if ( ($try) = grep( m#^_<.*$file#, keys %main:: ) ) {
1880 $try = substr( $try, 2 );
1881 print $OUT "Choosing $try matching '$file':\n";
1884 } ## end if (($try) = grep(m#^_<.*$file#...
1885 } ## end if (!defined $main::{ ...
1887 # If not successfully switched now, we failed.
1888 if ( !defined $main::{ '_<' . $file } ) {
1889 print $OUT "No file matching '$file' is loaded.\n";
1893 # We switched, so switch the debugger internals around.
1894 elsif ( $file ne $filename ) {
1895 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $file };
1900 } ## end elsif ($file ne $filename)
1902 # We didn't switch; say we didn't.
1904 print $OUT "Already in $file.\n";
1912 sub _DB__handle_dot_command {
1916 if ($obj->_is_full('.')) {
1917 $incr = -1; # stay at current line
1919 # Reset everything to the old location.
1921 $filename = $filename_ini;
1922 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
1926 print_lineinfo($obj->position());
1933 sub _DB__handle_y_command {
1936 if (my ($match_level, $match_vars)
1937 = $obj->cmd_args =~ /\A(?:(\d*)\s*(.*))?\z/) {
1939 # See if we've got the necessary support.
1940 if (!eval { require PadWalker; PadWalker->VERSION(0.08) }) {
1944 ? "PadWalker module not found - please install\n"
1950 # Load up dumpvar if we don't have it. If we can, that is.
1951 do 'dumpvar.pl' || die $@ unless defined &main::dumpvar;
1952 defined &main::dumpvar
1953 or print $OUT "dumpvar.pl not available.\n"
1956 # Got all the modules we need. Find them and print them.
1957 my @vars = split( ' ', $match_vars || '' );
1960 my $h = eval { PadWalker::peek_my( ( $match_level || 0 ) + 2 ) };
1962 # Oops. Can't find it.
1969 # Show the desired vars with dumplex().
1970 my $savout = select($OUT);
1972 # Have dumplex dump the lexicals.
1973 foreach my $key (sort keys %$h) {
1974 dumpvar::dumplex( $key, $h->{$key},
1975 defined $option{dumpDepth} ? $option{dumpDepth} : -1,
1983 sub _DB__handle_c_command {
1986 my $i = $obj->cmd_args;
1988 if ($i =~ m#\A[\w:]*\z#) {
1990 # Hey, show's over. The debugged program finished
1991 # executing already.
1992 next CMD if _DB__is_finished();
1994 # Capture the place to put a one-time break.
1997 # Probably not needed, since we finish an interactive
1998 # sub-session anyway...
1999 # local $filename = $filename;
2000 # local *dbline = *dbline; # XXX Would this work?!
2002 # The above question wonders if localizing the alias
2003 # to the magic array works or not. Since it's commented
2004 # out, we'll just leave that to speculation for now.
2006 # If the "subname" isn't all digits, we'll assume it
2007 # is a subroutine name, and try to find it.
2008 if ( $subname =~ /\D/ ) { # subroutine name
2009 # Qualify it to the current package unless it's
2010 # already qualified.
2011 $subname = $package . "::" . $subname
2012 unless $subname =~ /::/;
2014 # find_sub will return "file:line_number" corresponding
2015 # to where the subroutine is defined; we call find_sub,
2016 # break up the return value, and assign it in one
2018 ( $file, $i ) = ( find_sub($subname) =~ /^(.*):(.*)$/ );
2020 # Force the line number to be numeric.
2023 # If we got a line number, we found the sub.
2026 # Switch all the debugger's internals around so
2027 # we're actually working with that file.
2029 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
2031 # Mark that there's a breakpoint in this file.
2032 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 1;
2034 # Scan forward to the first executable line
2035 # after the 'sub whatever' line.
2038 while ($dbline[$_line_num] == 0 && $_line_num< $max)
2045 # We didn't find a sub by that name.
2047 print $OUT "Subroutine $subname not found.\n";
2050 } ## end if ($subname =~ /\D/)
2052 # At this point, either the subname was all digits (an
2053 # absolute line-break request) or we've scanned through
2054 # the code following the definition of the sub, looking
2055 # for an executable, which we may or may not have found.
2057 # If $i (which we set $subname from) is non-zero, we
2058 # got a request to break at some line somewhere. On
2059 # one hand, if there wasn't any real subroutine name
2060 # involved, this will be a request to break in the current
2061 # file at the specified line, so we have to check to make
2062 # sure that the line specified really is breakable.
2064 # On the other hand, if there was a subname supplied, the
2065 # preceding block has moved us to the proper file and
2066 # location within that file, and then scanned forward
2067 # looking for the next executable line. We have to make
2068 # sure that one was found.
2070 # On the gripping hand, we can't do anything unless the
2071 # current value of $i points to a valid breakable line.
2076 if ( $dbline[$i] == 0 ) {
2077 print $OUT "Line $i not breakable.\n";
2081 # Yes. Set up the one-time-break sigil.
2082 $dbline{$i} =~ s/($|\0)/;9$1/; # add one-time-only b.p.
2083 _enable_breakpoint_temp_enabled_status($filename, $i);
2086 # Turn off stack tracing from here up.
2087 for my $j (0 .. $stack_depth) {
2096 sub _DB__handle_forward_slash_command {
2099 # The pattern as a string.
2100 use vars qw($inpat);
2102 if (($inpat) = $cmd =~ m#\A/(.*)\z#) {
2104 # Remove the final slash.
2105 $inpat =~ s:([^\\])/$:$1:;
2107 # If the pattern isn't null ...
2108 if ( $inpat ne "" ) {
2110 # Turn off warn and die processing for a bit.
2111 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2112 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2114 # Create the pattern.
2115 eval 'no strict q/vars/; $inpat =~ m' . "\a$inpat\a";
2118 # Oops. Bad pattern. No biscuit.
2119 # Print the eval error and go back for more
2125 } ## end if ($inpat ne "")
2127 # Set up to stop on wrap-around.
2130 # Don't move off the current line.
2133 my $pat = $obj->pat;
2135 # Done in eval so nothing breaks if the pattern
2136 # does something weird.
2141 # Move ahead one line.
2144 # Wrap if we pass the last line.
2145 if ($start > $max) {
2149 # Stop if we have gotten back to this line again,
2150 last if ($start == $end);
2152 # A hit! (Note, though, that we are doing
2153 # case-insensitive matching. Maybe a qr//
2154 # expression would be better, so the user could
2155 # do case-sensitive matching if desired.
2156 if ($dbline[$start] =~ m/$pat/i) {
2157 if ($slave_editor) {
2158 # Handle proper escaping in the slave.
2159 print {$OUT} "\032\032$filename:$start:0\n";
2162 # Just print the line normally.
2163 print {$OUT} "$start:\t",$dbline[$start],"\n";
2165 # And quit since we found something.
2175 # If we wrapped, there never was a match.
2176 if ( $start == $end ) {
2177 print {$OUT} "/$pat/: not found\n";
2185 sub _DB__handle_question_mark_command {
2188 # ? - backward pattern search.
2189 if (my ($inpat) = $cmd =~ m#\A\?(.*)\z#) {
2191 # Get the pattern, remove trailing question mark.
2192 $inpat =~ s:([^\\])\?$:$1:;
2194 # If we've got one ...
2195 if ( $inpat ne "" ) {
2197 # Turn off die & warn handlers.
2198 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2199 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2200 eval '$inpat =~ m' . "\a$inpat\a";
2204 # Ouch. Not good. Print the error.
2209 } ## end if ($inpat ne "")
2211 # Where we are now is where to stop after wraparound.
2214 # Don't move away from this line.
2217 my $pat = $obj->pat;
2218 # Search inside the eval to prevent pattern badness
2226 # Wrap if we pass the first line.
2228 $start = $max if ($start <= 0);
2230 # Quit if we get back where we started,
2231 last if ($start == $end);
2234 if ($dbline[$start] =~ m/$pat/i) {
2235 if ($slave_editor) {
2236 # Yep, follow slave editor requirements.
2237 print $OUT "\032\032$filename:$start:0\n";
2240 # Yep, just print normally.
2241 print $OUT "$start:\t",$dbline[$start],"\n";
2250 # Say we failed if the loop never found anything,
2251 if ( $start == $end ) {
2252 print {$OUT} "?$pat?: not found\n";
2260 sub _DB__handle_restart_and_rerun_commands {
2263 my $cmd_cmd = $obj->cmd_verb;
2264 my $cmd_params = $obj->cmd_args;
2265 # R - restart execution.
2266 # rerun - controlled restart execution.
2267 if ($cmd_cmd eq 'rerun' or $cmd_params eq '') {
2269 # Change directory to the initial current working directory on
2270 # the script startup, so if the debugged program changed the
2271 # directory, then we will still be able to find the path to the
2272 # the program. (perl 5 RT #121509 ).
2273 chdir ($_initial_cwd);
2275 my @args = ($cmd_cmd eq 'R' ? restart() : rerun($cmd_params));
2277 # Close all non-system fds for a clean restart. A more
2278 # correct method would be to close all fds that were not
2279 # open when the process started, but this seems to be
2280 # hard. See "debugger 'R'estart and open database
2281 # connections" on p5p.
2283 my $max_fd = 1024; # default if POSIX can't be loaded
2284 if (eval { require POSIX }) {
2285 eval { $max_fd = POSIX::sysconf(POSIX::_SC_OPEN_MAX()) };
2288 if (defined $max_fd) {
2289 foreach ($^F+1 .. $max_fd-1) {
2290 next unless open FD_TO_CLOSE, "<&=$_";
2295 # And run Perl again. We use exec() to keep the
2296 # PID stable (and that way $ini_pids is still valid).
2297 exec(@args) or print {$OUT} "exec failed: $!\n";
2305 sub _DB__handle_run_command_in_pager_command {
2308 if ($cmd =~ m#\A\|\|?\s*[^|]#) {
2309 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
2311 # Default pager is into a pipe. Redirect I/O.
2312 open( SAVEOUT, ">&STDOUT" )
2313 || _db_warn("Can't save STDOUT");
2314 open( STDOUT, ">&OUT" )
2315 || _db_warn("Can't redirect STDOUT");
2316 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
2319 # Not into a pipe. STDOUT is safe.
2320 open( SAVEOUT, ">&OUT" ) || _db_warn("Can't save DB::OUT");
2323 # Fix up environment to record we have less if so.
2326 unless ( $obj->piped(scalar ( open( OUT, $pager ) ) ) ) {
2328 # Couldn't open pipe to pager.
2329 _db_warn("Can't pipe output to '$pager'");
2330 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
2332 # Redirect I/O back again.
2333 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) # XXX: lost message
2334 || _db_warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
2335 open( STDOUT, ">&SAVEOUT" )
2336 || _db_warn("Can't restore STDOUT");
2338 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
2341 # Redirect I/O. STDOUT already safe.
2342 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) # XXX: lost message
2343 || _db_warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
2346 } ## end unless ($piped = open(OUT,...
2348 # Set up broken-pipe handler if necessary.
2349 $SIG{PIPE} = \&DB::catch
2351 && ( "" eq $SIG{PIPE} || "DEFAULT" eq $SIG{PIPE} );
2354 # Save current filehandle, and put it back.
2355 $obj->selected(scalar( select(OUT) ));
2356 # Don't put it back if pager was a pipe.
2357 if ($cmd !~ /\A\|\|/)
2359 select($obj->selected());
2363 # Trim off the pipe symbols and run the command now.
2364 $cmd =~ s#\A\|+\s*##;
2371 sub _DB__handle_m_command {
2374 if ($cmd =~ s#\Am\s+([\w:]+)\s*\z# #) {
2379 # m expr - set up DB::eval to do the work
2380 if ($cmd =~ s#\Am\b# #) { # Rest gets done by DB::eval()
2381 $onetimeDump = 'methods'; # method output gets used there
2387 sub _DB__at_end_of_every_command {
2390 # At the end of every command:
2393 # Unhook the pipe mechanism now.
2394 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
2396 # No error from the child.
2399 # we cannot warn here: the handle is missing --tchrist
2400 close(OUT) || print SAVEOUT "\nCan't close DB::OUT\n";
2402 # most of the $? crud was coping with broken cshisms
2403 # $? is explicitly set to 0, so this never runs.
2405 print SAVEOUT "Pager '$pager' failed: ";
2407 print SAVEOUT "shell returned -1\n";
2410 print SAVEOUT ( $? & 127 )
2411 ? " (SIG#" . ( $? & 127 ) . ")"
2412 : "", ( $? & 128 ) ? " -- core dumped" : "", "\n";
2415 print SAVEOUT "status ", ( $? >> 8 ), "\n";
2419 # Reopen filehandle for our output (if we can) and
2420 # restore STDOUT (if we can).
2421 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) || _db_warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
2422 open( STDOUT, ">&SAVEOUT" )
2423 || _db_warn("Can't restore STDOUT");
2425 # Turn off pipe exception handler if necessary.
2426 $SIG{PIPE} = "DEFAULT" if $SIG{PIPE} eq \&DB::catch;
2428 # Will stop ignoring SIGPIPE if done like nohup(1)
2429 # does SIGINT but Perl doesn't give us a choice.
2430 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
2433 # Non-piped "pager". Just restore STDOUT.
2434 open( OUT, ">&SAVEOUT" ) || _db_warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
2437 # Let Readline know about the new filehandles.
2438 reset_IN_OUT( \*IN, \*OUT );
2440 # Close filehandle pager was using, restore the normal one
2444 if ($obj->selected() ne "") {
2445 select($obj->selected);
2451 } ## end if ($piped)
2456 sub _DB__handle_watch_expressions
2460 if ( $DB::trace & 2 ) {
2461 for my $n (0 .. $#DB::to_watch) {
2462 $DB::evalarg = $DB::to_watch[$n];
2463 local $DB::onetimeDump; # Tell DB::eval() to not output results
2465 # Fix context DB::eval() wants to return an array, but
2466 # we need a scalar here.
2467 my ($val) = join( "', '", DB::eval(@_) );
2468 $val = ( ( defined $val ) ? "'$val'" : 'undef' );
2471 if ( $val ne $DB::old_watch[$n] ) {
2473 # Yep! Show the difference, and fake an interrupt.
2475 print {$DB::OUT} <<EOP;
2476 Watchpoint $n:\t$DB::to_watch[$n] changed:
2477 old value:\t$DB::old_watch[$n]
2480 $DB::old_watch[$n] = $val;
2481 } ## end if ($val ne $old_watch...
2482 } ## end for my $n (0 ..
2483 } ## end if ($trace & 2)
2490 # 'v' is the value (i.e: method name or subroutine ref).
2491 # 's' is subroutine.
2494 '-' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_dash_command', },
2495 '.' => { t => 's', v => \&_DB__handle_dot_command, },
2496 '=' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_equal_sign_command', },
2497 'H' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_H_command', },
2498 'S' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_S_command', },
2499 'T' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_T_command', },
2500 'W' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_W_command', },
2501 'c' => { t => 's', v => \&_DB__handle_c_command, },
2502 'f' => { t => 's', v => \&_DB__handle_f_command, },
2503 'm' => { t => 's', v => \&_DB__handle_m_command, },
2504 'n' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_n_command', },
2505 'p' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_p_command', },
2506 'q' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_q_command', },
2507 'r' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_r_command', },
2508 's' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_s_command', },
2509 'save' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_save_command', },
2510 'source' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_source_command', },
2511 't' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_t_command', },
2512 'w' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_w_command', },
2513 'x' => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_x_command', },
2514 'y' => { t => 's', v => \&_DB__handle_y_command, },
2515 (map { $_ => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_V_command_and_X_command', }, }
2517 (map { $_ => { t => 'm', v => '_handle_enable_disable_commands', }, }
2518 qw(enable disable)),
2520 { t => 's', v => \&_DB__handle_restart_and_rerun_commands, },
2522 (map { $_ => {t => 'm', v => '_handle_cmd_wrapper_commands' }, }
2523 qw(a A b B e E h i l L M o O v w W)),
2528 # lock the debugger and get the thread id for the prompt
2532 my ($prefix, $after, $infix);
2538 if ($ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
2539 $tid = eval { "[".threads->tid."]" };
2545 my $obj = DB::Obj->new(
2547 position => \$position,
2550 explicit_stop => \$explicit_stop,
2552 cmd_args => \$cmd_args,
2553 cmd_verb => \$cmd_verb,
2556 selected => \$selected,
2560 $obj->_DB_on_init__initialize_globals(@_);
2562 # Preserve current values of $@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W.
2563 # The code being debugged may have altered them.
2566 # Since DB::DB gets called after every line, we can use caller() to
2567 # figure out where we last were executing. Sneaky, eh? This works because
2568 # caller is returning all the extra information when called from the
2570 local ( $package, $filename, $line ) = caller;
2571 $filename_ini = $filename;
2573 # set up the context for DB::eval, so it can properly execute
2574 # code on behalf of the user. We add the package in so that the
2575 # code is eval'ed in the proper package (not in the debugger!).
2576 local $usercontext = _calc_usercontext($package);
2578 # Create an alias to the active file magical array to simplify
2580 local (*dbline) = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
2582 # Last line in the program.
2585 # The &-call is here to ascertain the mutability of @_.
2586 &_DB__determine_if_we_should_break;
2588 # Preserve the current stop-or-not, and see if any of the W
2589 # (watch expressions) has changed.
2590 my $was_signal = $signal;
2592 # If we have any watch expressions ...
2593 _DB__handle_watch_expressions($obj);
2595 =head2 C<watchfunction()>
2597 C<watchfunction()> is a function that can be defined by the user; it is a
2598 function which will be run on each entry to C<DB::DB>; it gets the
2599 current package, filename, and line as its parameters.
2601 The watchfunction can do anything it likes; it is executing in the
2602 debugger's context, so it has access to all of the debugger's internal
2603 data structures and functions.
2605 C<watchfunction()> can control the debugger's actions. Any of the following
2606 will cause the debugger to return control to the user's program after
2607 C<watchfunction()> executes:
2613 Returning a false value from the C<watchfunction()> itself.
2617 Altering C<$single> to a false value.
2621 Altering C<$signal> to a false value.
2625 Turning off the C<4> bit in C<$trace> (this also disables the
2626 check for C<watchfunction()>. This can be done with
2634 # If there's a user-defined DB::watchfunction, call it with the
2635 # current package, filename, and line. The function executes in
2637 if ( $trace & 4 ) { # User-installed watch
2639 if watchfunction( $package, $filename, $line )
2642 and not( $trace & ~4 );
2643 } ## end if ($trace & 4)
2645 # Pick up any alteration to $signal in the watchfunction, and
2646 # turn off the signal now.
2647 $was_signal = $signal;
2650 =head2 GETTING READY TO EXECUTE COMMANDS
2652 The debugger decides to take control if single-step mode is on, the
2653 C<t> command was entered, or the user generated a signal. If the program
2654 has fallen off the end, we set things up so that entering further commands
2655 won't cause trouble, and we say that the program is over.
2659 # Make sure that we always print if asked for explicitly regardless
2660 # of $trace_to_depth .
2661 $explicit_stop = ($single || $was_signal);
2663 # Check to see if we should grab control ($single true,
2664 # trace set appropriately, or we got a signal).
2665 if ( $explicit_stop || ( $trace & 1 ) ) {
2666 $obj->_DB__grab_control(@_);
2667 } ## end if ($single || ($trace...
2671 If there's an action to be executed for the line we stopped at, execute it.
2672 If there are any preprompt actions, execute those as well.
2676 # If there's an action, do it now.
2679 # The &-call is here to ascertain the mutability of @_.
2683 # Are we nested another level (e.g., did we evaluate a function
2684 # that had a breakpoint in it at the debugger prompt)?
2685 if ( $single || $was_signal ) {
2687 # Yes, go down a level.
2688 local $level = $level + 1;
2690 # Do any pre-prompt actions.
2691 foreach $evalarg (@$pre) {
2692 # The &-call is here to ascertain the mutability of @_.
2696 # Complain about too much recursion if we passed the limit.
2698 print $OUT $stack_depth . " levels deep in subroutine calls!\n";
2701 # The line we're currently on. Set $incr to -1 to stay here
2702 # until we get a command that tells us to advance.
2704 $incr = -1; # for backward motion.
2706 # Tack preprompt debugger actions ahead of any actual input.
2707 @typeahead = ( @$pretype, @typeahead );
2709 =head2 WHERE ARE WE?
2711 XXX Relocate this section?
2713 The debugger normally shows the line corresponding to the current line of
2714 execution. Sometimes, though, we want to see the next line, or to move elsewhere
2715 in the file. This is done via the C<$incr>, C<$start>, and C<$max> variables.
2717 C<$incr> controls by how many lines the I<current> line should move forward
2718 after a command is executed. If set to -1, this indicates that the I<current>
2719 line shouldn't change.
2721 C<$start> is the I<current> line. It is used for things like knowing where to
2722 move forwards or backwards from when doing an C<L> or C<-> command.
2724 C<$max> tells the debugger where the last line of the current file is. It's
2725 used to terminate loops most often.
2727 =head2 THE COMMAND LOOP
2729 Most of C<DB::DB> is actually a command parsing and dispatch loop. It comes
2736 The outer part of the loop, starting at the C<CMD> label. This loop
2737 reads a command and then executes it.
2741 The inner part of the loop, starting at the C<PIPE> label. This part
2742 is wholly contained inside the C<CMD> block and only executes a command.
2743 Used to handle commands running inside a pager.
2747 So why have two labels to restart the loop? Because sometimes, it's easier to
2748 have a command I<generate> another command and then re-execute the loop to do
2749 the new command. This is faster, but perhaps a bit more convoluted.
2753 # The big command dispatch loop. It keeps running until the
2754 # user yields up control again.
2756 # If we have a terminal for input, and we get something back
2757 # from readline(), keep on processing.
2760 while (_DB__read_next_cmd($tid))
2764 # ... try to execute the input as debugger commands.
2766 # Don't stop running.
2769 # No signal is active.
2772 # Handle continued commands (ending with \):
2773 if ($cmd =~ s/\\\z/\n/) {
2774 $cmd .= DB::readline(" cont: ");
2778 =head4 The null command
2780 A newline entered by itself means I<re-execute the last command>. We grab the
2781 command out of C<$laststep> (where it was recorded previously), and copy it
2782 back into C<$cmd> to be executed below. If there wasn't any previous command,
2783 we'll do nothing below (no command will match). If there was, we also save it
2784 in the command history and fall through to allow the command parsing to pick
2789 # Empty input means repeat the last command.
2793 chomp($cmd); # get rid of the annoying extra newline
2794 if (length($cmd) >= 2) {
2795 push( @hist, $cmd );
2797 push( @truehist, $cmd );
2801 # This is a restart point for commands that didn't arrive
2802 # via direct user input. It allows us to 'redo PIPE' to
2803 # re-execute command processing without reading a new command.
2805 _DB__trim_command_and_return_first_component($obj);
2807 =head3 COMMAND ALIASES
2809 The debugger can create aliases for commands (these are stored in the
2810 C<%alias> hash). Before a command is executed, the command loop looks it up
2811 in the alias hash and substitutes the contents of the alias for the command,
2812 completely replacing it.
2816 # See if there's an alias for the command, and set it up if so.
2817 if ( $alias{$cmd_verb} ) {
2819 # Squelch signal handling; we want to keep control here
2820 # if something goes loco during the alias eval.
2821 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2822 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2824 # This is a command, so we eval it in the DEBUGGER's
2825 # scope! Otherwise, we can't see the special debugger
2826 # variables, or get to the debugger's subs. (Well, we
2827 # _could_, but why make it even more complicated?)
2828 eval "\$cmd =~ $alias{$cmd_verb}";
2831 print $OUT "Couldn't evaluate '$cmd_verb' alias: $@";
2834 _DB__trim_command_and_return_first_component($obj);
2835 } ## end if ($alias{$cmd_verb})
2837 =head3 MAIN-LINE COMMANDS
2839 All of these commands work up to and after the program being debugged has
2844 Quit the debugger. This entails setting the C<$fall_off_end> flag, so we don't
2845 try to execute further, cleaning any restart-related stuff out of the
2846 environment, and executing with the last value of C<$?>.
2850 # All of these commands were remapped in perl 5.8.0;
2851 # we send them off to the secondary dispatcher (see below).
2852 $obj->_handle_special_char_cmd_wrapper_commands;
2853 _DB__trim_command_and_return_first_component($obj);
2855 if (my $cmd_rec = $cmd_lookup{$cmd_verb}) {
2856 my $type = $cmd_rec->{t};
2857 my $val = $cmd_rec->{v};
2861 elsif ($type eq 's') {
2866 =head4 C<t> - trace [n]
2868 Turn tracing on or off. Inverts the appropriate bit in C<$trace> (q.v.).
2869 If level is specified, set C<$trace_to_depth>.
2871 =head4 C<S> - list subroutines matching/not matching a pattern
2873 Walks through C<%sub>, checking to see whether or not to print the name.
2875 =head4 C<X> - list variables in current package
2877 Since the C<V> command actually processes this, just change this to the
2878 appropriate C<V> command and fall through.
2880 =head4 C<V> - list variables
2882 Uses C<dumpvar.pl> to dump out the current values for selected variables.
2884 =head4 C<x> - evaluate and print an expression
2886 Hands the expression off to C<DB::eval>, setting it up to print the value
2887 via C<dumpvar.pl> instead of just printing it directly.
2889 =head4 C<m> - print methods
2891 Just uses C<DB::methods> to determine what methods are available.
2893 =head4 C<f> - switch files
2895 Switch to a different filename.
2897 =head4 C<.> - return to last-executed line.
2899 We set C<$incr> to -1 to indicate that the debugger shouldn't move ahead,
2900 and then we look up the line in the magical C<%dbline> hash.
2902 =head4 C<-> - back one window
2904 We change C<$start> to be one window back; if we go back past the first line,
2905 we set it to be the first line. We ser C<$incr> to put us back at the
2906 currently-executing line, and then put a C<l $start +> (list one window from
2907 C<$start>) in C<$cmd> to be executed later.
2909 =head3 PRE-580 COMMANDS VS. NEW COMMANDS: C<a, A, b, B, h, l, L, M, o, O, P, v, w, W, E<lt>, E<lt>E<lt>, E<0x7B>, E<0x7B>E<0x7B>>
2911 In Perl 5.8.0, a realignment of the commands was done to fix up a number of
2912 problems, most notably that the default case of several commands destroying
2913 the user's work in setting watchpoints, actions, etc. We wanted, however, to
2914 retain the old commands for those who were used to using them or who preferred
2915 them. At this point, we check for the new commands and call C<cmd_wrapper> to
2916 deal with them instead of processing them in-line.
2918 =head4 C<y> - List lexicals in higher scope
2920 Uses C<PadWalker> to find the lexicals supplied as arguments in a scope
2921 above the current one and then displays then using C<dumpvar.pl>.
2923 =head3 COMMANDS NOT WORKING AFTER PROGRAM ENDS
2925 All of the commands below this point don't work after the program being
2926 debugged has ended. All of them check to see if the program has ended; this
2927 allows the commands to be relocated without worrying about a 'line of
2928 demarcation' above which commands can be entered anytime, and below which
2931 =head4 C<n> - single step, but don't trace down into subs
2933 Done by setting C<$single> to 2, which forces subs to execute straight through
2934 when entered (see C<DB::sub>). We also save the C<n> command in C<$laststep>,
2935 so a null command knows what to re-execute.
2937 =head4 C<s> - single-step, entering subs
2939 Sets C<$single> to 1, which causes C<DB::sub> to continue tracing inside
2940 subs. Also saves C<s> as C<$lastcmd>.
2942 =head4 C<c> - run continuously, setting an optional breakpoint
2944 Most of the code for this command is taken up with locating the optional
2945 breakpoint, which is either a subroutine name or a line number. We set
2946 the appropriate one-time-break in C<@dbline> and then turn off single-stepping
2947 in this and all call levels above this one.
2949 =head4 C<r> - return from a subroutine
2951 For C<r> to work properly, the debugger has to stop execution again
2952 immediately after the return is executed. This is done by forcing
2953 single-stepping to be on in the call level above the current one. If
2954 we are printing return values when a C<r> is executed, set C<$doret>
2955 appropriately, and force us out of the command loop.
2957 =head4 C<T> - stack trace
2959 Just calls C<DB::print_trace>.
2961 =head4 C<w> - List window around current line.
2963 Just calls C<DB::cmd_w>.
2965 =head4 C<W> - watch-expression processing.
2967 Just calls C<DB::cmd_W>.
2969 =head4 C</> - search forward for a string in the source
2971 We take the argument and treat it as a pattern. If it turns out to be a
2972 bad one, we return the error we got from trying to C<eval> it and exit.
2973 If not, we create some code to do the search and C<eval> it so it can't
2978 _DB__handle_forward_slash_command($obj);
2980 =head4 C<?> - search backward for a string in the source
2982 Same as for C</>, except the loop runs backwards.
2986 _DB__handle_question_mark_command($obj);
2988 =head4 C<$rc> - Recall command
2990 Manages the commands in C<@hist> (which is created if C<Term::ReadLine> reports
2991 that the terminal supports history). It finds the command required, puts it
2992 into C<$cmd>, and redoes the loop to execute it.
2996 # $rc - recall command.
2997 $obj->_handle_rc_recall_command;
2999 =head4 C<$sh$sh> - C<system()> command
3001 Calls the C<_db_system()> to handle the command. This keeps the C<STDIN> and
3002 C<STDOUT> from getting messed up.
3006 $obj->_handle_sh_command;
3008 =head4 C<$rc I<pattern> $rc> - Search command history
3010 Another command to manipulate C<@hist>: this one searches it with a pattern.
3011 If a command is found, it is placed in C<$cmd> and executed via C<redo>.
3015 $obj->_handle_rc_search_history_command;
3017 =head4 C<$sh> - Invoke a shell
3019 Uses C<_db_system()> to invoke a shell.
3023 =head4 C<$sh I<command>> - Force execution of a command in a shell
3025 Like the above, but the command is passed to the shell. Again, we use
3026 C<_db_system()> to avoid problems with C<STDIN> and C<STDOUT>.
3028 =head4 C<H> - display commands in history
3030 Prints the contents of C<@hist> (if any).
3032 =head4 C<man, doc, perldoc> - look up documentation
3034 Just calls C<runman()> to print the appropriate document.
3038 $obj->_handle_doc_command;
3042 Builds a C<print EXPR> expression in the C<$cmd>; this will get executed at
3043 the bottom of the loop.
3045 =head4 C<=> - define command alias
3047 Manipulates C<%alias> to add or list command aliases.
3049 =head4 C<source> - read commands from a file.
3051 Opens a lexical filehandle and stacks it on C<@cmdfhs>; C<DB::readline> will
3054 =head4 C<enable> C<disable> - enable or disable breakpoints
3056 This enables or disables breakpoints.
3058 =head4 C<save> - send current history to a file
3060 Takes the complete history, (not the shrunken version you see with C<H>),
3061 and saves it to the given filename, so it can be replayed using C<source>.
3063 Note that all C<^(save|source)>'s are commented out with a view to minimise recursion.
3065 =head4 C<R> - restart
3067 Restart the debugger session.
3069 =head4 C<rerun> - rerun the current session
3071 Return to any given position in the B<true>-history list
3073 =head4 C<|, ||> - pipe output through the pager.
3075 For C<|>, we save C<OUT> (the debugger's output filehandle) and C<STDOUT>
3076 (the program's standard output). For C<||>, we only save C<OUT>. We open a
3077 pipe to the pager (restoring the output filehandles if this fails). If this
3078 is the C<|> command, we also set up a C<SIGPIPE> handler which will simply
3079 set C<$signal>, sending us back into the debugger.
3081 We then trim off the pipe symbols and C<redo> the command loop at the
3082 C<PIPE> label, causing us to evaluate the command in C<$cmd> without
3087 # || - run command in the pager, with output to DB::OUT.
3088 _DB__handle_run_command_in_pager_command($obj);
3090 =head3 END OF COMMAND PARSING
3092 Anything left in C<$cmd> at this point is a Perl expression that we want to
3093 evaluate. We'll always evaluate in the user's context, and fully qualify
3094 any variables we might want to address in the C<DB> package.
3100 # trace an expression
3101 $cmd =~ s/^t\s/\$DB::trace |= 1;\n/;
3103 # Make sure the flag that says "the debugger's running" is
3104 # still on, to make sure we get control again.
3105 $evalarg = "\$^D = \$^D | \$DB::db_stop;\n$cmd";
3107 # Run *our* eval that executes in the caller's context.
3108 # The &-call is here to ascertain the mutability of @_.
3111 # Turn off the one-time-dump stuff now.
3113 $onetimeDump = undef;
3114 $onetimedumpDepth = undef;
3116 elsif ( $term_pid == $$ ) {
3117 eval { # May run under miniperl, when not available...
3122 # XXX If this is the master pid, print a newline.
3125 } ## end while (($term || &setterm...
3127 =head3 POST-COMMAND PROCESSING
3129 After each command, we check to see if the command output was piped anywhere.
3130 If so, we go through the necessary code to unhook the pipe and go back to
3131 our standard filehandles for input and output.
3136 _DB__at_end_of_every_command($obj);
3139 =head3 COMMAND LOOP TERMINATION
3141 When commands have finished executing, we come here. If the user closed the
3142 input filehandle, we turn on C<$fall_off_end> to emulate a C<q> command. We
3143 evaluate any post-prompt items. We restore C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>,
3144 C<$\>, and C<$^W>, and return a null list as expected by the Perl interpreter.
3145 The interpreter will then execute the next line and then return control to us
3150 # No more commands? Quit.
3151 $fall_off_end = 1 unless defined $cmd; # Emulate 'q' on EOF
3153 # Evaluate post-prompt commands.
3154 foreach $evalarg (@$post) {
3155 # The &-call is here to ascertain the mutability of @_.
3158 } # if ($single || $signal)
3160 # Put the user's globals back where you found them.
3161 ( $@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W ) = @saved;
3165 # Because DB::Obj is used above,
3167 # my $obj = DB::Obj->new(
3169 # The following package declaration must come before that,
3170 # or else runtime errors will occur with
3172 # PERLDB_OPTS="autotrace nonstop"
3182 my $self = bless {}, $class;
3190 my ($self, $args) = @_;
3192 %{$self} = (%$self, %$args);
3199 foreach my $slot_name (qw(
3200 after explicit_stop infix pat piped position prefix selected cmd_verb
3203 my $slot = $slot_name;
3208 ${ $self->{$slot} } = shift;
3211 return ${ $self->{$slot} };
3214 *{"append_to_$slot"} = sub {
3218 return $self->$slot($self->$slot . $s);
3223 sub _DB_on_init__initialize_globals
3227 # Check for whether we should be running continuously or not.
3228 # _After_ the perl program is compiled, $single is set to 1:
3229 if ( $single and not $second_time++ ) {
3231 # Options say run non-stop. Run until we get an interrupt.
3232 if ($runnonstop) { # Disable until signal
3233 # If there's any call stack in place, turn off single
3234 # stepping into subs throughout the stack.
3235 for my $i (0 .. $stack_depth) {
3239 # And we are now no longer in single-step mode.
3242 # If we simply returned at this point, we wouldn't get
3243 # the trace info. Fall on through.
3245 } ## end if ($runnonstop)
3247 elsif ($ImmediateStop) {
3249 # We are supposed to stop here; XXX probably a break.
3250 $ImmediateStop = 0; # We've processed it; turn it off
3251 $signal = 1; # Simulate an interrupt to force
3252 # us into the command loop
3254 } ## end if ($single and not $second_time...
3256 # If we're in single-step mode, or an interrupt (real or fake)
3257 # has occurred, turn off non-stop mode.
3258 $runnonstop = 0 if $single or $signal;
3263 sub _my_print_lineinfo
3265 my ($self, $i, $incr_pos) = @_;
3268 # Print it indented if tracing is on.
3269 DB::print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth,
3270 "$i:\t$DB::dbline[$i]" . $self->after );
3273 DB::depth_print_lineinfo($self->explicit_stop, $incr_pos);
3278 return $DB::dbline[$line];
3282 my ($self, $letter) = @_;
3284 return ($DB::cmd eq $letter);
3287 sub _DB__grab_control
3291 # Yes, grab control.
3292 if ($slave_editor) {
3294 # Tell the editor to update its position.
3295 $self->position("\032\032${DB::filename}:$line:0\n");
3296 DB::print_lineinfo($self->position());
3301 Special check: if we're in package C<DB::fake>, we've gone through the
3302 C<END> block at least once. We set up everything so that we can continue
3303 to enter commands and have a valid context to be in.
3307 elsif ( $DB::package eq 'DB::fake' ) {
3309 # Fallen off the end already.
3314 DB::print_help(<<EOP);
3315 Debugged program terminated. Use B<q> to quit or B<R> to restart,
3316 use B<o> I<inhibit_exit> to avoid stopping after program termination,
3317 B<h q>, B<h R> or B<h o> to get additional info.
3320 # Set the DB::eval context appropriately.
3321 $DB::package = 'main';
3322 $DB::usercontext = DB::_calc_usercontext($DB::package);
3323 } ## end elsif ($package eq 'DB::fake')
3327 If the program hasn't finished executing, we scan forward to the
3328 next executable line, print that out, build the prompt from the file and line
3329 number information, and print that.
3336 # Still somewhere in the midst of execution. Set up the
3338 $DB::sub =~ s/\'/::/; # Swap Perl 4 package separators (') to
3339 # Perl 5 ones (sorry, we don't print Klingon
3342 $self->prefix($DB::sub =~ /::/ ? "" : ($DB::package . '::'));
3343 $self->append_to_prefix( "$DB::sub(${DB::filename}:" );
3344 $self->after( $self->_curr_line =~ /\n$/ ? '' : "\n" );
3346 # Break up the prompt if it's really long.
3347 if ( length($self->prefix()) > 30 ) {
3348 $self->position($self->prefix . "$line):\n$line:\t" . $self->_curr_line . $self->after);
3350 $self->infix(":\t");
3353 $self->infix("):\t");
3355 $self->prefix . $line. $self->infix
3356 . $self->_curr_line . $self->after
3360 # Print current line info, indenting if necessary.
3361 $self->_my_print_lineinfo($line, $self->position);
3364 my $line_i = sub { return $DB::dbline[$i]; };
3366 # Scan forward, stopping at either the end or the next
3368 for ( $i = $line + 1 ; $i <= $DB::max && $line_i->() == 0 ; ++$i )
3371 # Drop out on null statements, block closers, and comments.
3372 last if $line_i->() =~ /^\s*[\;\}\#\n]/;
3374 # Drop out if the user interrupted us.
3377 # Append a newline if the line doesn't have one. Can happen
3378 # in eval'ed text, for instance.
3379 $self->after( $line_i->() =~ /\n$/ ? '' : "\n" );
3381 # Next executable line.
3382 my $incr_pos = $self->prefix . $i . $self->infix . $line_i->()
3384 $self->append_to_position($incr_pos);
3385 $self->_my_print_lineinfo($i, $incr_pos);
3386 } ## end for ($i = $line + 1 ; $i...
3387 } ## end else [ if ($slave_editor)
3392 sub _handle_t_command {
3395 my $levels = $self->cmd_args();
3397 if ((!length($levels)) or ($levels !~ /\D/)) {
3400 $DB::trace_to_depth = $levels ? $stack_depth + $levels : 1E9;
3401 print {$OUT} "Trace = "
3403 ? ( $levels ? "on (to level $DB::trace_to_depth)" : "on" )
3412 sub _handle_S_command {
3415 if (my ($print_all_subs, $should_reverse, $Spatt)
3416 = $self->cmd_args =~ /\A((!)?(.+))?\z/) {
3417 # $Spatt is the pattern (if any) to use.
3419 my $Srev = defined $should_reverse;
3420 # No args - print all subs.
3421 my $Snocheck = !defined $print_all_subs;
3423 # Need to make these sane here.
3427 # Search through the debugger's magical hash of subs.
3428 # If $nocheck is true, just print the sub name.
3429 # Otherwise, check it against the pattern. We then use
3430 # the XOR trick to reverse the condition as required.
3431 foreach $subname ( sort( keys %sub ) ) {
3432 if ( $Snocheck or $Srev ^ ( $subname =~ /$Spatt/ ) ) {
3433 print $OUT $subname, "\n";
3442 sub _handle_V_command_and_X_command {
3445 $DB::cmd =~ s/^X\b/V $DB::package/;
3447 # Bare V commands get the currently-being-debugged package
3449 if ($self->_is_full('V')) {
3450 $DB::cmd = "V $DB::package";
3453 # V - show variables in package.
3454 if (my ($new_packname, $new_vars_str) =
3455 $DB::cmd =~ /\AV\b\s*(\S+)\s*(.*)/) {
3457 # Save the currently selected filehandle and
3458 # force output to debugger's filehandle (dumpvar
3459 # just does "print" for output).
3460 my $savout = select($OUT);
3462 # Grab package name and variables to dump.
3463 $packname = $new_packname;
3464 my @vars = split( ' ', $new_vars_str );
3466 # If main::dumpvar isn't here, get it.
3467 do 'dumpvar.pl' || die $@ unless defined &main::dumpvar;
3468 if ( defined &main::dumpvar ) {
3470 # We got it. Turn off subroutine entry/exit messages
3471 # for the moment, along with return values.
3475 # must detect sigpipe failures - not catching
3476 # then will cause the debugger to die.
3480 defined $option{dumpDepth}
3481 ? $option{dumpDepth}
3482 : -1, # assume -1 unless specified
3487 # The die doesn't need to include the $@, because
3488 # it will automatically get propagated for us.
3490 die unless $@ =~ /dumpvar print failed/;
3492 } ## end if (defined &main::dumpvar)
3495 # Couldn't load dumpvar.
3496 print $OUT "dumpvar.pl not available.\n";
3499 # Restore the output filehandle, and go round again.
3507 sub _handle_dash_command {
3510 if ($self->_is_full('-')) {
3512 # back up by a window; go to 1 if back too far.
3513 $start -= $incr + $window + 1;
3514 $start = 1 if $start <= 0;
3515 $incr = $window - 1;
3517 # Generate and execute a "l +" command (handled below).
3518 $DB::cmd = 'l ' . ($start) . '+';
3524 sub _n_or_s_commands_generic {
3525 my ($self, $new_val) = @_;
3527 next CMD if DB::_DB__is_finished();
3529 # Single step, but don't enter subs.
3532 # Save for empty command (repeat last).
3533 $laststep = $DB::cmd;
3538 my ($self, $letter, $new_val) = @_;
3540 if ($self->_is_full($letter)) {
3541 $self->_n_or_s_commands_generic($new_val);
3544 $self->_n_or_s_and_arg_commands_generic($letter, $new_val);
3550 sub _handle_n_command {
3553 return $self->_n_or_s('n', 2);
3556 sub _handle_s_command {
3559 return $self->_n_or_s('s', 1);
3562 sub _handle_r_command {
3565 # r - return from the current subroutine.
3566 if ($self->_is_full('r')) {
3568 # Can't do anything if the program's over.
3569 next CMD if DB::_DB__is_finished();
3571 # Turn on stack trace.
3572 $stack[$stack_depth] |= 1;
3574 # Print return value unless the stack is empty.
3575 $doret = $option{PrintRet} ? $stack_depth - 1 : -2;
3582 sub _handle_T_command {
3585 if ($self->_is_full('T')) {
3586 DB::print_trace( $OUT, 1 ); # skip DB
3593 sub _handle_w_command {
3596 DB::cmd_w( 'w', $self->cmd_args() );
3602 sub _handle_W_command {
3605 if (my $arg = $self->cmd_args) {
3606 DB::cmd_W( 'W', $arg );
3613 sub _handle_rc_recall_command {
3616 # $rc - recall command.
3617 if (my ($minus, $arg) = $DB::cmd =~ m#\A$rc+\s*(-)?(\d+)?\z#) {
3619 # No arguments, take one thing off history.
3620 pop(@hist) if length($DB::cmd) > 1;
3622 # Relative (- found)?
3623 # Y - index back from most recent (by 1 if bare minus)
3624 # N - go to that particular command slot or the last
3625 # thing if nothing following.
3628 scalar($minus ? ( $#hist - ( $arg || 1 ) ) : ( $arg || $#hist ))
3631 # Pick out the command desired.
3632 $DB::cmd = $hist[$self->cmd_verb];
3634 # Print the command to be executed and restart the loop
3635 # with that command in the buffer.
3636 print {$OUT} $DB::cmd, "\n";
3643 sub _handle_rc_search_history_command {
3646 # $rc pattern $rc - find a command in the history.
3647 if (my ($arg) = $DB::cmd =~ /\A$rc([^$rc].*)\z/) {
3649 # Create the pattern to use.
3653 # Toss off last entry if length is >1 (and it always is).
3654 pop(@hist) if length($DB::cmd) > 1;
3658 # Look backward through the history.
3660 for ( $i = $#hist ; $i ; --$i ) {
3661 # Stop if we find it.
3662 last SEARCH_HIST if $hist[$i] =~ /$pat/;
3668 print $OUT "No such command!\n\n";
3672 # Found it. Put it in the buffer, print it, and process it.
3673 $DB::cmd = $hist[$i];
3674 print $OUT $DB::cmd, "\n";
3681 sub _handle_H_command {
3684 if ($self->cmd_args =~ m#\A\*#) {
3685 @hist = @truehist = ();
3686 print $OUT "History cleansed\n";
3690 if (my ($num) = $self->cmd_args =~ /\A(?:-(\d+))?/) {
3692 # Anything other than negative numbers is ignored by
3693 # the (incorrect) pattern, so this test does nothing.
3694 $end = $num ? ( $#hist - $num ) : 0;
3696 # Set to the minimum if less than zero.
3697 $hist = 0 if $hist < 0;
3699 # Start at the end of the array.
3700 # Stay in while we're still above the ending value.
3701 # Tick back by one each time around the loop.
3704 for ( $i = $#hist ; $i > $end ; $i-- ) {
3706 # Print the command unless it has no arguments.
3707 print $OUT "$i: ", $hist[$i], "\n"
3708 unless $hist[$i] =~ /^.?$/;
3717 sub _handle_doc_command {
3720 # man, perldoc, doc - show manual pages.
3722 = $DB::cmd =~ /\A(?:man|(?:perl)?doc)\b(?:\s+([^(]*))?\z/) {
3723 DB::runman($man_page);
3730 sub _handle_p_command {
3733 my $print_cmd = 'print {$DB::OUT} ';
3734 # p - print (no args): print $_.
3735 if ($self->_is_full('p')) {
3736 $DB::cmd = $print_cmd . '$_';
3739 # p - print the given expression.
3740 $DB::cmd =~ s/\Ap\b/$print_cmd /;
3746 sub _handle_equal_sign_command {
3749 if ($DB::cmd =~ s/\A=\s*//) {
3751 if ( length $DB::cmd == 0 ) {
3753 # No args, get current aliases.
3754 @keys = sort keys %alias;
3756 elsif ( my ( $k, $v ) = ( $DB::cmd =~ /^(\S+)\s+(\S.*)/ ) ) {
3758 # Creating a new alias. $k is alias name, $v is
3761 # can't use $_ or kill //g state
3762 for my $x ( $k, $v ) {
3764 # Escape "alarm" characters.
3768 # Substitute key for value, using alarm chars
3769 # as separators (which is why we escaped them in
3771 $alias{$k} = "s\a$k\a$v\a";
3773 # Turn off standard warn and die behavior.
3774 local $SIG{__DIE__};
3775 local $SIG{__WARN__};
3778 unless ( eval "sub { s\a$k\a$v\a }; 1" ) {
3780 # Nope. Bad alias. Say so and get out.
3781 print $OUT "Can't alias $k to $v: $@\n";
3786 # We'll only list the new one.
3788 } ## end elsif (my ($k, $v) = ($DB::cmd...
3790 # The argument is the alias to list.
3798 # Messy metaquoting: Trim the substitution code off.
3799 # We use control-G as the delimiter because it's not
3800 # likely to appear in the alias.
3801 if ( ( my $v = $alias{$k} ) =~ s
\as\a$k\a(.*)\a$
\a1
\a ) {
3804 print $OUT "$k\t= $1\n";
3806 elsif ( defined $alias{$k} ) {
3808 # Couldn't trim it off; just print the alias code.
3809 print $OUT "$k\t$alias{$k}\n";
3814 print "No alias for $k\n";
3816 } ## end for my $k (@keys)
3823 sub _handle_source_command {
3826 # source - read commands from a file (or pipe!) and execute.
3827 if (my $sourced_fn = $self->cmd_args) {
3828 if ( open my $fh, $sourced_fn ) {
3830 # Opened OK; stick it in the list of file handles.
3836 DB::_db_warn("Can't execute '$sourced_fn': $!\n");
3844 sub _handle_enable_disable_commands {
3847 my $which_cmd = $self->cmd_verb;
3848 my $position = $self->cmd_args;
3850 if ($position !~ /\s/) {
3851 my ($fn, $line_num);
3852 if ($position =~ m{\A\d+\z})
3854 $fn = $DB::filename;
3855 $line_num = $position;
3857 elsif (my ($new_fn, $new_line_num)
3858 = $position =~ m{\A(.*):(\d+)\z}) {
3859 ($fn, $line_num) = ($new_fn, $new_line_num);
3863 DB::_db_warn("Wrong spec for enable/disable argument.\n");
3867 if (DB::_has_breakpoint_data_ref($fn, $line_num)) {
3868 DB::_set_breakpoint_enabled_status($fn, $line_num,
3869 ($which_cmd eq 'enable' ? 1 : '')
3873 DB::_db_warn("No breakpoint set at ${fn}:${line_num}\n");
3883 sub _handle_save_command {
3886 if (my $new_fn = $self->cmd_args) {
3887 my $filename = $new_fn || '.perl5dbrc'; # default?
3888 if ( open my $fh, '>', $filename ) {
3890 # chomp to remove extraneous newlines from source'd files
3891 chomp( my @truelist =
3892 map { m/\A\s*(save|source)/ ? "#$_" : $_ }
3894 print {$fh} join( "\n", @truelist );
3895 print "commands saved in $filename\n";
3898 DB::_db_warn("Can't save debugger commands in '$new_fn': $!\n");
3906 sub _n_or_s_and_arg_commands_generic {
3907 my ($self, $letter, $new_val) = @_;
3909 # s - single-step. Remember the last command was 's'.
3910 if ($DB::cmd =~ s#\A\Q$letter\E\s#\$DB::single = $new_val;\n#) {
3911 $laststep = $letter;
3917 sub _handle_sh_command {
3920 # $sh$sh - run a shell command (if it's all ASCII).
3921 # Can't run shell commands with Unicode in the debugger, hmm.
3922 my $my_cmd = $DB::cmd;
3923 if ($my_cmd =~ m#\A$sh#gms) {
3925 if ($my_cmd =~ m#\G\z#cgms) {
3926 # Run the user's shell. If none defined, run Bourne.
3927 # We resume execution when the shell terminates.
3928 DB::_db_system( $ENV{SHELL} || "/bin/sh" );
3931 elsif ($my_cmd =~ m#\G$sh\s*(.*)#cgms) {
3936 elsif ($my_cmd =~ m#\G\s*(.*)#cgms) {
3937 DB::_db_system( $ENV{SHELL} || "/bin/sh", "-c", $1 );
3943 sub _handle_x_command {
3946 if ($DB::cmd =~ s#\Ax\b# #) { # Remainder gets done by DB::eval()
3947 $onetimeDump = 'dump'; # main::dumpvar shows the output
3949 # handle special "x 3 blah" syntax XXX propagate
3950 # doc back to special variables.
3951 if ( $DB::cmd =~ s#\A\s*(\d+)(?=\s)# #) {
3952 $onetimedumpDepth = $1;
3959 sub _handle_q_command {
3962 if ($self->_is_full('q')) {
3971 sub _handle_cmd_wrapper_commands {
3974 DB::cmd_wrapper( $self->cmd_verb, $self->cmd_args, $line );
3978 sub _handle_special_char_cmd_wrapper_commands {
3981 # All of these commands were remapped in perl 5.8.0;
3982 # we send them off to the secondary dispatcher (see below).
3983 if (my ($cmd_letter, $my_arg) = $DB::cmd =~ /\A([<>\{]{1,2})\s*(.*)/so) {
3984 DB::cmd_wrapper( $cmd_letter, $my_arg, $line );
3995 # The following code may be executed now:
4000 C<sub> is called whenever a subroutine call happens in the program being
4001 debugged. The variable C<$DB::sub> contains the name of the subroutine
4004 The core function of this subroutine is to actually call the sub in the proper
4005 context, capturing its output. This of course causes C<DB::DB> to get called
4006 again, repeating until the subroutine ends and returns control to C<DB::sub>
4007 again. Once control returns, C<DB::sub> figures out whether or not to dump the
4008 return value, and returns its captured copy of the return value as its own
4009 return value. The value then feeds back into the program being debugged as if
4010 C<DB::sub> hadn't been there at all.
4012 C<sub> does all the work of printing the subroutine entry and exit messages
4013 enabled by setting C<$frame>. It notes what sub the autoloader got called for,
4014 and also prints the return value if needed (for the C<r> command and if
4015 the 16 bit is set in C<$frame>).
4017 It also tracks the subroutine call depth by saving the current setting of
4018 C<$single> in the C<@stack> package global; if this exceeds the value in
4019 C<$deep>, C<sub> automatically turns on printing of the current depth by
4020 setting the C<4> bit in C<$single>. In any case, it keeps the current setting
4021 of stop/don't stop on entry to subs set as it currently is set.
4023 =head3 C<caller()> support
4025 If C<caller()> is called from the package C<DB>, it provides some
4026 additional data, in the following order:
4032 The package name the sub was in
4034 =item * C<$filename>
4036 The filename it was defined in
4040 The line number it was defined on
4042 =item * C<$subroutine>
4044 The subroutine name; C<(eval)> if an C<eval>().
4048 1 if it has arguments, 0 if not
4050 =item * C<$wantarray>
4052 1 if array context, 0 if scalar context
4054 =item * C<$evaltext>
4056 The C<eval>() text, if any (undefined for C<eval BLOCK>)
4058 =item * C<$is_require>
4060 frame was created by a C<use> or C<require> statement
4064 pragma information; subject to change between versions
4068 pragma information; subject to change between versions
4070 =item * C<@DB::args>
4072 arguments with which the subroutine was invoked
4080 # We need to fully qualify the name ("DB::sub") to make "use strict;"
4081 # happy. -- Shlomi Fish
4083 sub _indent_print_line_info {
4084 my ($offset, $str) = @_;
4086 print_lineinfo( ' ' x ($stack_depth - $offset), $str);
4091 sub _print_frame_message {
4095 if ($frame & 4) { # Extended frame entry message
4096 _indent_print_line_info(-1, "in ");
4098 # Why -1? But it works! :-(
4099 # Because print_trace will call add 1 to it and then call
4100 # dump_trace; this results in our skipping -1+1 = 0 stack frames
4103 # Now it's 0 because we extracted a function.
4104 print_trace( $LINEINFO, 0, 1, 1, "$sub$al" );
4107 _indent_print_line_info(-1, "entering $sub$al\n" );
4115 # lock ourselves under threads
4118 # Whether or not the autoloader was running, a scalar to put the
4119 # sub's return value in (if needed), and an array to put the sub's
4120 # return value in (if needed).
4121 my ( $al, $ret, @ret ) = "";
4122 if ($sub eq 'threads::new' && $ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
4123 print "creating new thread\n";
4126 # If the last ten characters are '::AUTOLOAD', note we've traced
4127 # into AUTOLOAD for $sub.
4128 if ( length($sub) > 10 && substr( $sub, -10, 10 ) eq '::AUTOLOAD' ) {
4130 $al = " for $$sub" if defined $$sub;
4133 # We stack the stack pointer and then increment it to protect us
4134 # from a situation that might unwind a whole bunch of call frames
4135 # at once. Localizing the stack pointer means that it will automatically
4136 # unwind the same amount when multiple stack frames are unwound.
4137 local $stack_depth = $stack_depth + 1; # Protect from non-local exits
4140 $#stack = $stack_depth;
4142 # Save current single-step setting.
4143 $stack[-1] = $single;
4145 # Turn off all flags except single-stepping.
4148 # If we've gotten really deeply recursed, turn on the flag that will
4149 # make us stop with the 'deep recursion' message.
4150 $single |= 4 if $stack_depth == $deep;
4152 # If frame messages are on ...
4154 _print_frame_message($al);
4155 # standard frame entry message
4157 my $print_exit_msg = sub {
4158 # Check for exit trace messages...
4161 if ($frame & 4) # Extended exit message
4163 _indent_print_line_info(0, "out ");
4164 print_trace( $LINEINFO, 0, 1, 1, "$sub$al" );
4168 _indent_print_line_info(0, "exited $sub$al\n" );
4174 # Determine the sub's return type, and capture appropriately.
4177 # Called in array context. call sub and capture output.
4178 # DB::DB will recursively get control again if appropriate; we'll come
4179 # back here when the sub is finished.
4185 # Pop the single-step value back off the stack.
4186 $single |= $stack[ $stack_depth-- ];
4188 $print_exit_msg->();
4190 # Print the return info if we need to.
4191 if ( $doret eq $stack_depth or $frame & 16 ) {
4193 # Turn off output record separator.
4195 my $fh = ( $doret eq $stack_depth ? $OUT : $LINEINFO );
4197 # Indent if we're printing because of $frame tracing.
4200 print {$fh} ' ' x $stack_depth;
4203 # Print the return value.
4204 print {$fh} "list context return from $sub:\n";
4205 dumpit( $fh, \@ret );
4207 # And don't print it again.
4209 } ## end if ($doret eq $stack_depth...
4210 # And we have to return the return value now.
4212 } ## end if (wantarray)
4216 if ( defined wantarray ) {
4218 # Save the value if it's wanted at all.
4223 # Void return, explicitly.
4228 # Pop the single-step value off the stack.
4229 $single |= $stack[ $stack_depth-- ];
4231 # If we're doing exit messages...
4232 $print_exit_msg->();
4234 # If we are supposed to show the return value... same as before.
4235 if ( $doret eq $stack_depth or $frame & 16 and defined wantarray ) {
4237 my $fh = ( $doret eq $stack_depth ? $OUT : $LINEINFO );
4238 print $fh ( ' ' x $stack_depth ) if $frame & 16;
4241 ? "scalar context return from $sub: "
4242 : "void context return from $sub\n"
4244 dumpit( $fh, $ret ) if defined wantarray;
4246 } ## end if ($doret eq $stack_depth...
4248 # Return the appropriate scalar value.
4250 } ## end else [ if (wantarray)
4257 # lock ourselves under threads
4260 # Whether or not the autoloader was running, a scalar to put the
4261 # sub's return value in (if needed), and an array to put the sub's
4262 # return value in (if needed).
4263 my ( $al, $ret, @ret ) = "";
4264 if ($sub =~ /^threads::new$/ && $ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
4265 print "creating new thread\n";
4268 # If the last ten characters are C'::AUTOLOAD', note we've traced
4269 # into AUTOLOAD for $sub.
4270 if ( length($sub) > 10 && substr( $sub, -10, 10 ) eq '::AUTOLOAD' ) {
4274 # We stack the stack pointer and then increment it to protect us
4275 # from a situation that might unwind a whole bunch of call frames
4276 # at once. Localizing the stack pointer means that it will automatically
4277 # unwind the same amount when multiple stack frames are unwound.
4278 local $stack_depth = $stack_depth + 1; # Protect from non-local exits
4281 $#stack = $stack_depth;
4283 # Save current single-step setting.
4284 $stack[-1] = $single;
4286 # Turn off all flags except single-stepping.
4287 # Use local so the single-step value is popped back off the
4289 local $single = $single & 1;
4291 # If we've gotten really deeply recursed, turn on the flag that will
4292 # make us stop with the 'deep recursion' message.
4293 $single |= 4 if $stack_depth == $deep;
4295 # If frame messages are on ...
4296 _print_frame_message($al);
4298 # call the original lvalue sub.
4302 # Abstracting common code from multiple places elsewhere:
4303 sub depth_print_lineinfo {
4304 my $always_print = shift;
4306 print_lineinfo( @_ ) if ($always_print or $stack_depth < $trace_to_depth);
4309 =head1 EXTENDED COMMAND HANDLING AND THE COMMAND API
4311 In Perl 5.8.0, there was a major realignment of the commands and what they did,
4312 Most of the changes were to systematize the command structure and to eliminate
4313 commands that threw away user input without checking.
4315 The following sections describe the code added to make it easy to support
4316 multiple command sets with conflicting command names. This section is a start
4317 at unifying all command processing to make it simpler to develop commands.
4319 Note that all the cmd_[a-zA-Z] subroutines require the command name, a line
4320 number, and C<$dbline> (the current line) as arguments.
4322 Support functions in this section which have multiple modes of failure C<die>
4323 on error; the rest simply return a false value.
4325 The user-interface functions (all of the C<cmd_*> functions) just output
4330 The C<%set> hash defines the mapping from command letter to subroutine
4333 C<%set> is a two-level hash, indexed by set name and then by command name.
4334 Note that trying to set the CommandSet to C<foobar> simply results in the
4335 5.8.0 command set being used, since there's no top-level entry for C<foobar>.
4344 'A' => 'pre580_null',
4346 'B' => 'pre580_null',
4347 'd' => 'pre580_null',
4350 'M' => 'pre580_null',
4352 'o' => 'pre580_null',
4358 '<' => 'pre590_prepost',
4359 '<<' => 'pre590_prepost',
4360 '>' => 'pre590_prepost',
4361 '>>' => 'pre590_prepost',
4362 '{' => 'pre590_prepost',
4363 '{{' => 'pre590_prepost',
4367 my %breakpoints_data;
4369 sub _has_breakpoint_data_ref {
4370 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
4373 exists( $breakpoints_data{$filename} )
4375 exists( $breakpoints_data{$filename}{$line} )
4379 sub _get_breakpoint_data_ref {
4380 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
4382 return ($breakpoints_data{$filename}{$line} ||= +{});
4385 sub _delete_breakpoint_data_ref {
4386 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
4388 delete($breakpoints_data{$filename}{$line});
4389 if (! scalar(keys( %{$breakpoints_data{$filename}} )) ) {
4390 delete($breakpoints_data{$filename});
4396 sub _set_breakpoint_enabled_status {
4397 my ($filename, $line, $status) = @_;
4399 _get_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line)->{'enabled'} =
4406 sub _enable_breakpoint_temp_enabled_status {
4407 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
4409 _get_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line)->{'temp_enabled'} = 1;
4414 sub _cancel_breakpoint_temp_enabled_status {
4415 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
4417 my $ref = _get_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line);
4419 delete ($ref->{'temp_enabled'});
4422 _delete_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line);
4428 sub _is_breakpoint_enabled {
4429 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
4431 my $data_ref = _get_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line);
4432 return ($data_ref->{'enabled'} || $data_ref->{'temp_enabled'});
4435 =head2 C<cmd_wrapper()> (API)
4437 C<cmd_wrapper()> allows the debugger to switch command sets
4438 depending on the value of the C<CommandSet> option.
4440 It tries to look up the command in the C<%set> package-level I<lexical>
4441 (which means external entities can't fiddle with it) and create the name of
4442 the sub to call based on the value found in the hash (if it's there). I<All>
4443 of the commands to be handled in a set have to be added to C<%set>; if they
4444 aren't found, the 5.8.0 equivalent is called (if there is one).
4446 This code uses symbolic references.
4453 my $dblineno = shift;
4455 # Assemble the command subroutine's name by looking up the
4456 # command set and command name in %set. If we can't find it,
4457 # default to the older version of the command.
4459 . ( $set{$CommandSet}{$cmd}
4460 || ( $cmd =~ /\A[<>{]+/o ? 'prepost' : $cmd ) );
4462 # Call the command subroutine, call it by name.
4463 return __PACKAGE__->can($call)->( $cmd, $line, $dblineno );
4464 } ## end sub cmd_wrapper
4466 =head3 C<cmd_a> (command)
4468 The C<a> command handles pre-execution actions. These are associated with a
4469 particular line, so they're stored in C<%dbline>. We default to the current
4470 line if none is specified.
4476 my $line = shift || ''; # [.|line] expr
4479 # If it's dot (here), or not all digits, use the current line.
4480 $line =~ s/\A\./$dbline/;
4482 # Should be a line number followed by an expression.
4483 if ( my ($lineno, $expr) = $line =~ /^\s*(\d*)\s*(\S.+)/ ) {
4485 if (! length($lineno)) {
4489 # If we have an expression ...
4490 if ( length $expr ) {
4492 # ... but the line isn't breakable, complain.
4493 if ( $dbline[$lineno] == 0 ) {
4495 "Line $lineno($dbline[$lineno]) does not have an action?\n";
4499 # It's executable. Record that the line has an action.
4500 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 2;
4502 # Remove any action, temp breakpoint, etc.
4503 $dbline{$lineno} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//;
4505 # Add the action to the line.
4506 $dbline{$lineno} .= "\0" . action($expr);
4508 _set_breakpoint_enabled_status($filename, $lineno, 1);
4510 } ## end if (length $expr)
4511 } ## end if ($line =~ /^\s*(\d*)\s*(\S.+)/)
4516 "Adding an action requires an optional lineno and an expression\n"
4521 =head3 C<cmd_A> (command)
4523 Delete actions. Similar to above, except the delete code is in a separate
4524 subroutine, C<delete_action>.
4530 my $line = shift || '';
4534 $line =~ s/^\./$dbline/;
4536 # Call delete_action with a null param to delete them all.
4537 # The '1' forces the eval to be true. It'll be false only
4538 # if delete_action blows up for some reason, in which case
4539 # we print $@ and get out.
4540 if ( $line eq '*' ) {
4541 if (! eval { _delete_all_actions(); 1 }) {
4547 # There's a real line number. Pass it to delete_action.
4548 # Error trapping is as above.
4549 elsif ( $line =~ /^(\S.*)/ ) {
4550 if (! eval { delete_action($1); 1 }) {
4556 # Swing and a miss. Bad syntax.
4559 "Deleting an action requires a line number, or '*' for all\n" ; # hint
4563 =head3 C<delete_action> (API)
4565 C<delete_action> accepts either a line number or C<undef>. If a line number
4566 is specified, we check for the line being executable (if it's not, it
4567 couldn't have had an action). If it is, we just take the action off (this
4568 will get any kind of an action, including breakpoints).
4572 sub _remove_action_from_dbline {
4575 $dbline{$i} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//; # \^a
4576 delete $dbline{$i} if $dbline{$i} eq '';
4581 sub _delete_all_actions {
4582 print {$OUT} "Deleting all actions...\n";
4584 for my $file ( keys %had_breakpoints ) {
4585 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $file };
4588 for my $i (1 .. $max) {
4589 if ( defined $dbline{$i} ) {
4590 _remove_action_from_dbline($i);
4594 unless ( $had_breakpoints{$file} &= ~2 ) {
4595 delete $had_breakpoints{$file};
4605 if ( defined($i) ) {
4607 die "Line $i has no action .\n" if $dbline[$i] == 0;
4609 # Nuke whatever's there.
4610 _remove_action_from_dbline($i);
4613 _delete_all_actions();
4617 =head3 C<cmd_b> (command)
4619 Set breakpoints. Since breakpoints can be set in so many places, in so many
4620 ways, conditionally or not, the breakpoint code is kind of complex. Mostly,
4621 we try to parse the command type, and then shuttle it off to an appropriate
4622 subroutine to actually do the work of setting the breakpoint in the right
4629 my $line = shift; # [.|line] [cond]
4632 my $default_cond = sub {
4634 return length($cond) ? $cond : '1';
4637 # Make . the current line number if it's there..
4638 $line =~ s/^\.(\s|\z)/$dbline$1/;
4640 # No line number, no condition. Simple break on current line.
4641 if ( $line =~ /^\s*$/ ) {
4642 cmd_b_line( $dbline, 1 );
4645 # Break on load for a file.
4646 elsif ( my ($file) = $line =~ /^load\b\s*(.*)/ ) {
4651 # b compile|postpone <some sub> [<condition>]
4652 # The interpreter actually traps this one for us; we just put the
4653 # necessary condition in the %postponed hash.
4654 elsif ( my ($action, $subname, $cond)
4655 = $line =~ /^(postpone|compile)\b\s*([':A-Za-z_][':\w]*)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4657 # De-Perl4-ify the name - ' separators to ::.
4658 $subname =~ s/'/::/g;
4660 # Qualify it into the current package unless it's already qualified.
4661 $subname = "${package}::" . $subname unless $subname =~ /::/;
4663 # Add main if it starts with ::.
4664 $subname = "main" . $subname if substr( $subname, 0, 2 ) eq "::";
4666 # Save the break type for this sub.
4667 $postponed{$subname} = (($action eq 'postpone')
4668 ? ( "break +0 if " . $default_cond->($cond) )
4670 } ## end elsif ($line =~ ...
4671 # b <filename>:<line> [<condition>]
4672 elsif (my ($filename, $line_num, $cond)
4673 = $line =~ /\A(\S+[^:]):(\d+)\s*(.*)/ms) {
4674 cmd_b_filename_line(
4677 (length($cond) ? $cond : '1'),
4680 # b <sub name> [<condition>]
4681 elsif ( my ($new_subname, $new_cond) =
4682 $line =~ /^([':A-Za-z_][':\w]*(?:\[.*\])?)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4685 $subname = $new_subname;
4686 cmd_b_sub( $subname, $default_cond->($new_cond) );
4689 # b <line> [<condition>].
4690 elsif ( my ($line_n, $cond) = $line =~ /^(\d*)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4692 # Capture the line. If none, it's the current line.
4693 $line = $line_n || $dbline;
4696 cmd_b_line( $line, $default_cond->($cond) );
4699 # Line didn't make sense.
4701 print "confused by line($line)?\n";
4707 =head3 C<break_on_load> (API)
4709 We want to break when this file is loaded. Mark this file in the
4710 C<%break_on_load> hash, and note that it has a breakpoint in
4711 C<%had_breakpoints>.
4717 $break_on_load{$file} = 1;
4718 $had_breakpoints{$file} |= 1;
4721 =head3 C<report_break_on_load> (API)
4723 Gives us an array of filenames that are set to break on load. Note that
4724 only files with break-on-load are in here, so simply showing the keys
4729 sub report_break_on_load {
4730 sort keys %break_on_load;
4733 =head3 C<cmd_b_load> (command)
4735 We take the file passed in and try to find it in C<%INC> (which maps modules
4736 to files they came from). We mark those files for break-on-load via
4737 C<break_on_load> and then report that it was done.
4745 # This is a block because that way we can use a redo inside it
4746 # even without there being any looping structure at all outside it.
4749 # Save short name and full path if found.
4751 push @files, $::INC{$file} if $::INC{$file};
4753 # Tack on .pm and do it again unless there was a '.' in the name
4755 $file .= '.pm', redo unless $file =~ /\./;
4758 # Do the real work here.
4759 break_on_load($_) for @files;
4761 # All the files that have break-on-load breakpoints.
4762 @files = report_break_on_load;
4764 # Normalize for the purposes of our printing this.
4767 print $OUT "Will stop on load of '@files'.\n";
4768 } ## end sub cmd_b_load
4770 =head3 C<$filename_error> (API package global)
4772 Several of the functions we need to implement in the API need to work both
4773 on the current file and on other files. We don't want to duplicate code, so
4774 C<$filename_error> is used to contain the name of the file that's being
4775 worked on (if it's not the current one).
4777 We can now build functions in pairs: the basic function works on the current
4778 file, and uses C<$filename_error> as part of its error message. Since this is
4779 initialized to C<"">, no filename will appear when we are working on the
4782 The second function is a wrapper which does the following:
4788 Localizes C<$filename_error> and sets it to the name of the file to be processed.
4792 Localizes the C<*dbline> glob and reassigns it to point to the file we want to process.
4796 Calls the first function.
4798 The first function works on the I<current> file (i.e., the one we changed to),
4799 and prints C<$filename_error> in the error message (the name of the other file)
4800 if it needs to. When the functions return, C<*dbline> is restored to point
4801 to the actual current file (the one we're executing in) and
4802 C<$filename_error> is restored to C<"">. This restores everything to
4803 the way it was before the second function was called at all.
4805 See the comments in C<breakable_line> and C<breakable_line_in_file> for more
4812 use vars qw($filename_error);
4813 $filename_error = '';
4815 =head3 breakable_line(from, to) (API)
4817 The subroutine decides whether or not a line in the current file is breakable.
4818 It walks through C<@dbline> within the range of lines specified, looking for
4819 the first line that is breakable.
4821 If C<$to> is greater than C<$from>, the search moves forwards, finding the
4822 first line I<after> C<$to> that's breakable, if there is one.
4824 If C<$from> is greater than C<$to>, the search goes I<backwards>, finding the
4825 first line I<before> C<$to> that's breakable, if there is one.
4829 sub breakable_line {
4831 my ( $from, $to ) = @_;
4833 # $i is the start point. (Where are the FORTRAN programs of yesteryear?)
4836 # If there are at least 2 arguments, we're trying to search a range.
4839 # $delta is positive for a forward search, negative for a backward one.
4840 my $delta = $from < $to ? +1 : -1;
4842 # Keep us from running off the ends of the file.
4843 my $limit = $delta > 0 ? $#dbline : 1;
4845 # Clever test. If you're a mathematician, it's obvious why this
4846 # test works. If not:
4847 # If $delta is positive (going forward), $limit will be $#dbline.
4848 # If $to is less than $limit, ($limit - $to) will be positive, times
4849 # $delta of 1 (positive), so the result is > 0 and we should use $to
4850 # as the stopping point.
4852 # If $to is greater than $limit, ($limit - $to) is negative,
4853 # times $delta of 1 (positive), so the result is < 0 and we should
4854 # use $limit ($#dbline) as the stopping point.
4856 # If $delta is negative (going backward), $limit will be 1.
4857 # If $to is zero, ($limit - $to) will be 1, times $delta of -1
4858 # (negative) so the result is > 0, and we use $to as the stopping
4861 # If $to is less than zero, ($limit - $to) will be positive,
4862 # times $delta of -1 (negative), so the result is not > 0, and