Regenerate perlmodlib and perltoc

[perl5.git] / pod / perltoc.pod

# !!!!!!!   DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE   !!!!!!!
# This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
# Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.

=head1 NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
documentation set.  It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

=head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION

=head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=over 4

=item Overview

=item Tutorials

=item Reference Manual

=item Internals and C Language Interface

=item Miscellaneous

=item Language-Specific

=item Platform-Specific

=back

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AVAILABILITY

=item ENVIRONMENT

=item AUTHOR

=item FILES

=item SEE ALSO

=item DIAGNOSTICS

=item BUGS

=item NOTES

=back

=head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item What is Perl?

=item Running Perl programs

=item Safety net

=item Basic syntax overview

=item Perl variable types

Scalars, Arrays, Hashes

=item Variable scoping

=item Conditional and looping constructs

if, while, for, foreach

=item Builtin operators and functions

Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
Miscellaneous

=item Files and I/O

=item Regular expressions

Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features

=item Writing subroutines

=item OO Perl

=item Using Perl modules

=back

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

=item The Solution

=item Syntax

=over 4

=item Making References

=item Using References

=item An Example

=item Arrow Rule

=back

=item Solution

=item The Rest

=item Summary

=item Credits

=over 4

=item Distribution Conditions

=back

=back

=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
more elaborate constructs

=item REFERENCES
X<reference> X<dereference> X<dereferencing> X<pointer>

=item COMMON MISTAKES

=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
X<dereference, precedence> X<dereferencing, precedence>

=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>

=item DEBUGGING
X<data structure, debugging> X<complex data structure, debugging>
X<AoA, debugging> X<HoA, debugging> X<AoH, debugging> X<HoH, debugging>
X<array of arrays, debugging> X<hash of arrays, debugging>
X<array of hashes, debugging> X<hash of hashes, debugging>

=item CODE EXAMPLES

=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
X<array of arrays> X<AoA>

=over 4

=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

=back

=item HASHES OF ARRAYS
X<hash of arrays> X<HoA>

=over 4

=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS

=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS

=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

=back

=item ARRAYS OF HASHES
X<array of hashes> X<AoH>

=over 4

=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES

=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES

=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES

=back

=item HASHES OF HASHES
X<hass of hashes> X<HoH>

=over 4

=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES

=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES

=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

=back

=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
X<record> X<structure> X<struct>

=over 4

=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

=back

=item Database Ties

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays

=item Growing Your Own

=item Access and Printing

=item Slices

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item The Guide

=over 4

=item Simple word matching

=item Using character classes

=item Matching this or that

=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching

=item Extracting matches

=item Matching repetitions

=item More matching

=item Search and replace

=item The split operator

=back

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=over 4

=item Acknowledgments

=back

=back

=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Part 1: The basics

=over 4

=item Simple word matching

=item Using character classes

=item Matching this or that

=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching

=item Extracting matches

=item Matching repetitions

=item Building a regexp

=item Using regular expressions in Perl

=back

=item Part 2: Power tools

=over 4

=item More on characters, strings, and character classes

=item Compiling and saving regular expressions

=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression

=item Non-capturing groupings

=item Looking ahead and looking behind

=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking

=item Conditional expressions

=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression

=item Pragmas and debugging

=back

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=over 4

=item Acknowledgments

=back

=back

=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item If we could talk to the animals...

=item Introducing the method invocation arrow

=item Invoking a barnyard

=item The extra parameter of method invocation

=item Calling a second method to simplify things

=item Inheriting the windpipes

=item A few notes about @ISA

=item Overriding the methods

=item Starting the search from a different place

=item The SUPER way of doing things

=item Where we're at so far...

=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?

=item Invoking an instance method

=item Accessing the instance data

=item How to build a horse

=item Inheriting the constructor

=item Making a method work with either classes or instances

=item Adding parameters to a method

=item More interesting instances

=item A horse of a different color

=item Summary

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Creating a Class

=over 4

=item Object Representation

=item Class Interface

=item Constructors and Instance Methods

=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors

=item Destructors

=item Other Object Methods

=back

=item Class Data

=over 4

=item Accessing Class Data

=item Debugging Methods

=item Class Destructors

=item Documenting the Interface

=back

=item Aggregation

=item Inheritance

=over 4

=item Overridden Methods

=item Multiple Inheritance

=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

=back

=item Alternate Object Representations

=over 4

=item Arrays as Objects

=item Closures as Objects

=back

=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

=over 4

=item Autoloaded Data Methods

=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

=back

=item Metaclassical Tools

=over 4

=item Class::Struct

=item Data Members as Variables

=back

=item NOTES

=over 4

=item Object Terminology

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=item COPYRIGHT

=over 4

=item Acknowledgments

=back

=back

=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Class Data in a Can

=item Class Data as Package Variables

=over 4

=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket

=item Inheritance Concerns

=item The Eponymous Meta-Object

=item Indirect References to Class Data

=item Monadic Classes

=item Translucent Attributes

=back

=item Class Data as Lexical Variables

=over 4

=item Privacy and Responsibility 

=item File-Scoped Lexicals

=item More Inheritance Concerns

=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key

=item Translucency Revisited

=back

=item NOTES

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

=item HISTORY

=back

=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item OO SCALING TIPS

=item INSTANCE VARIABLES

=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES

=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE

=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS

=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM

=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE

=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR

=item DELEGATION

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=back

=head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item The sheet

=back

=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Awk Traps

=item C/C++ Traps

=item Sed Traps

=item Shell Traps

=item Perl Traps

=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps

Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps

Symbols starting with "_" no longer forced into main, Double-colon valid
package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to C<splice()> are now
in scalar context, Can't do C<goto> into a block that is optimized away,
Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, C<while/if BLOCK
BLOCK> gone, C<**> binds tighter than unary minus, C<foreach> changed when
iterating over a list, C<split> with no args behavior changed, B<-e>
behavior fixed, C<push> returns number of elements in resulting list, Some
error messages differ, C<split()> honors subroutine args, Bugs removed

=item Parsing Traps

Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5,
Function parsing, String interpolation of C<$#array> differs, Perl guesses
on C<map>, C<grep> followed by C<{> if it starts BLOCK or hash ref

=item Numerical Traps

Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over
signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality
tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops

=item General data type traps

Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting
C<$#array> lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before
use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning
C<undef> to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of
constants prohibited, C<defined $var> behavior changed, Variable Suicide

=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts

Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context,
C<caller()> returns false value in scalar context if no caller present,
Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, C<sprintf()>
prototyped as C<($;@)>

=item Precedence Traps

LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to
precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of
assignment, C<open> requires parentheses around filehandle, C<$:>
precedence over C<$::> gone, Precedence of file test operators documented,
C<keys>, C<each>, C<values> are regular named unary operators

=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.

C<s'$lhs'$rhs'> interpolates on either side, C<m//g> attaches its state to
the searched string, C<m//o> used within an anonymous sub, C<$+> isn't set
to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails,
C<s`lhs`rhs`> is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables
in regular expressions, C<m?x?> matches only once, Failed matches don't
reset the match variables

=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps

Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls,
Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, C<warn()>
won't let you specify a filehandle

=item OS Traps

SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV C<seek()> appends correctly

=item Interpolation Traps

C<@> always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted
strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are
evaluated inside braces within double quotes, C<$$x> now tries to
dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with C<eval "EXPR"> requires
protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during
interpolation, Interpolation of C<\$$foo{bar}>, C<qq()> string passed to
C<eval> will not find string terminator

=item DBM Traps

Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for
C<dbmopen()>, DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to
exit immediately

=item Unclassified Traps

C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
LIMIT specified

=back

=back

=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item use strict

=item Looking at data and -w and v

=item help

=item Stepping through code

=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T

=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

=item OUTPUT TIPS

=item CGI

=item GUIs

=item SUMMARY

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=item CONTRIBUTORS

=back

=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Where to get the perlfaq

=item How to contribute to the perlfaq

=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
authors?

=back

=item CREDITS

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=item Table of Contents

perlfaq  - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
- Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
- Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking

=item The Questions

=over 4

=item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl

=item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl

=item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools

=item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation

=item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats

=item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions

=item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues

=item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction

=item L<perlfaq9>: Networking

=back

=back

=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item What is Perl?

=item Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?

=item Which version of Perl should I use?

=item What are perl4, perl5, or perl6?

=item What is Ponie?

=item What is perl6?

=item How stable is Perl?

=item Is Perl difficult to learn?

=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
Scheme, or Tcl?

=item Can I do [task] in Perl?

=item When shouldn't I program in Perl?

=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?

=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?

=item What is a JAPH?

=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?

=item How can I convince others to use Perl?

http://perltraining.com.au/whyperl.html,
http://www.perl.org/advocacy/whyperl.html

=back

=item REVISION

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item What machines support perl?  Where do I get it?

=item How can I get a binary version of perl?

=item I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter?

=item I copied the perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
don't work.

=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
loading/malloc/linking/... failed.  How do I make it work?

=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl?  What is CPAN? 
What does CPAN/src/... mean?

=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?

=item Where can I get information on Perl?

=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet?  Where do I post questions?

=item Where should I post source code?

=item Perl Books

References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics

=item Which magazines have Perl content?

=item What mailing lists are there for Perl?

=item Where are the archives for comp.lang.perl.misc?

=item Where can I buy a commercial version of perl?

=item Where do I send bug reports?

=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?

=back

=item REVISION

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item How do I do (anything)?

=item How can I use Perl interactively?

=item Is there a Perl shell?

=item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?

=item How do I debug my Perl programs?

=item How do I profile my Perl programs?

=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?

=item Is there a ctags for Perl?

=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?

Eclipse, Enginsite, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder,
visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis,
Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus,
Alpha, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite

=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?

=item How can I use curses with Perl?

=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?

=item How can I make my Perl program run faster?

=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?

Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk

=item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?

=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?

=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?

=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?

=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?

=item How can I compile Perl into Java?

=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?

=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?

=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?

=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?

=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?

=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl?

=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
program; what am I doing wrong?

=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?

=item What's MakeMaker?

=back

=item REVISION

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Data: Numbers

=over 4

=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?

=item Why is int() broken?

=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?

=item Does Perl have a round() function?  What about ceil() and floor()? 
Trig functions?

=item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?

How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
from decimal to binary

=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?

=item How do I multiply matrices?

=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?

=item How can I output Roman numerals?

=item Why aren't my random numbers random?

=item How do I get a random number between X and Y?

=back

=item Data: Dates

=over 4

=item How do I find the day or week of the year?

=item How do I find the current century or millennium?

=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?

=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?

=item How can I find the Julian Day?

=item How do I find yesterday's date?

=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K compliant?

=back

=item Data: Strings

=over 4

=item How do I validate input?

=item How do I unescape a string?

=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?

=item How do I expand function calls in a string?

=item How do I find matching/nesting anything?

=item How do I reverse a string?

=item How do I expand tabs in a string?

=item How do I reformat a paragraph?

=item How can I access or change N characters of a string?

=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?

=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
string?

=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?

=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
[character]?

=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?

=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?

=item How do I extract selected columns from a string?

=item How do I find the soundex value of a string?

=item How can I expand variables in text strings?

=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?

=item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?

There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
the tag

=back

=item Data: Arrays

=over 4

=item What is the difference between a list and an array?

=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?

=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?

=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
array?

=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays?  How do I compute the
intersection of two arrays?

=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?

=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?

=item How do I handle linked lists?

=item How do I handle circular lists?

=item How do I shuffle an array randomly?

=item How do I process/modify each element of an array?

=item How do I select a random element from an array?

=item How do I permute N elements of a list?

=item How do I sort an array by (anything)?

=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?

=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

=back

=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

=over 4

=item How do I process an entire hash?

=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
it?

=item How do I look up a hash element by value?

=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?

=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?

=item How can I always keep my hash sorted?

=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?

=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?

=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?

=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?

=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?

=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?

=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
it?

=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
array of hashes or arrays?

=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?

=back

=item Data: Misc

=over 4

=item How do I handle binary data correctly?

=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?

=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?

=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?

=item How do I define methods for every class/object?

=item How do I verify a credit card checksum?

=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?

=back

=item REVISION

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle?  Why must I do this?
X<flush> X<buffer> X<unbuffer> X<autoflush>

=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
X<file, editing>

=item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
X<file, counting lines> X<lines> X<line>

=item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
X<-i> X<in-place>

=item How can I copy a file?
X<copy> X<file, copy>

=item How do I make a temporary file name?
X<file, temporary>

=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
X<fixed-length> X<file, fixed-length records>

=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine?  How do I pass
filehandles between subroutines?  How do I make an array of filehandles? 
X<filehandle, local> X<filehandle, passing> X<filehandle, reference>

=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
X<filehandle, indirect>

=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
X<footer>

=item How can I write() into a string?
X<write, into a string>

=item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
X<number, commify>

=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
X<tilde> X<tilde expansion>

=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
X<clobber> X<read-write> X<clobbering> X<truncate> X<truncating>

=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
E<lt>*E<gt>?
X<argument list too long>

=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
X<glob>

=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
X<filename, special characters>

=item How can I reliably rename a file?
X<rename> X<mv> X<move> X<file, rename> X<ren>

=item How can I lock a file?
X<lock> X<file, lock> X<flock>

=item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
X<lock, lockfile race condition>

=item I still don't get locking.  I just want to increment the number in
the file.  How can I do this?
X<counter> X<file, counter>

=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
file.  Do I still have to use locking?
X<append> X<file, append>

=item How do I randomly update a binary file?
X<file, binary patch>

=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>

=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>

=item How do I print to more than one file at once?
X<print, to multiple files>

=item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
X<slurp> X<file, slurping>

=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
X<file, reading by paragraphs>

=item How can I read a single character from a file?  From the keyboard?
X<getc> X<file, reading one character at a time>

=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?

=item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
X<tail>

=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
X<dup>

=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
X<file, closing file descriptors>

=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?  Why doesn't
`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
X<filename, DOS issues>

=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
X<glob>

=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files?  Why does C<-i> clobber
protected files?  Isn't this a bug in Perl?

=item How do I select a random line from a file?
X<file, selecting a random line>

=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?

=back

=item REVISION

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
and unmaintainable code?
X<regex, legibility> X<regexp, legibility>
X<regular expression, legibility> X</x>

Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters

=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.  What's wrong?
X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>

=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
different lines?
X<..>

=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
X<$/, regexes in> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, regexes in>
X<$RS, regexes in>

=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
case on the RHS?
X<replace, case preserving> X<substitute, case preserving>
X<substitution, case preserving> X<s, case preserving>

=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
X<\w>

=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
X<alpha>

=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
X<regex, escaping> X<regexp, escaping> X<regular expression, escaping>

=item What is C</o> really for?
X</o>

=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
file?

=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
X<regex, matching balanced test> X<regexp, matching balanced test>
X<regular expression, matching balanced test>

=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy?  How can I get around it?
X<greedy> X<greediness>

=item How do I process each word on each line?
X<word>

=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?

=item How can I do approximate matching?
X<match, approximate> X<matching, approximate>

=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
X<regex, efficiency> X<regexp, efficiency>
X<regular expression, efficiency>

=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
X<\b>

=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
X<$MATCH> X<$&> X<$POSTMATCH> X<$'> X<$PREMATCH> X<$`>

=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
X<\G>

=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?
X<DFA> X<NFA> X<POSIX>

=item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
X<grep>

=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
X<regex, and multibyte characters> X<regexp, and multibyte characters>
X<regular expression, and multibyte characters>

=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?

=back

=item REVISION

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
use them?

=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
commas?

=item How do I skip some return values?

=item How do I temporarily block warnings?

=item What's an extension?

=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?

=item How do I declare/create a structure?

=item How do I create a module?

=item How do I create a class?

=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?

=item What's a closure?

=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?

=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
Regex}?

Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
Passing Methods

=item How do I create a static variable?

=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? 
Between local() and my()?

=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
is in scope?

=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?

=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?

=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?

=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?

=item How do I create a switch or case statement?

=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
methods?

=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?

=item How can I find out my current package?

=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?

=item How do I clear a package?

=item How can I use a variable as a variable name?

=item What does "bad interpreter" mean?

=back

=item REVISION

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?

=item How come exec() doesn't return?

=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?

Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

=item How do I print something out in color?

=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?

=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?

=item How do I clear the screen?

=item How do I get the screen size?

=item How do I ask the user for a password?

=item How do I read and write the serial port?

lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input

=item How do I decode encrypted password files?

=item How do I start a process in the background?

STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies

=item How do I trap control characters/signals?

=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?

=item How do I set the time and date?

=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?

=item How can I measure time under a second?

=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)

=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?  What
does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?

=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?

=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?

=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?

=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?

=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?

=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?

=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?

=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?

=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?

=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
^Z on MS-DOS)?

=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?

=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?

=item How can I write expect in Perl?

=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
"ps"?

=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script.  How
come the change disappeared when I exited the script?  How do I get my
changes to be visible?

Unix

=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
complete?

=item How do I fork a daemon process?

=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?

=item How do I timeout a slow event?

=item How do I set CPU limits?

=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?

=item How do I use an SQL database?

=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?

=item How do I open a file without blocking?

=item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?

=item How do I install a module from CPAN?

=item What's the difference between require and use?

=item How do I keep my own module/library directory?

=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
search path?

=item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?

=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

=back

=item REVISION

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 3606 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?

=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.  (500
Server Error)

=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?

=item How do I remove HTML from a string?

=item How do I extract URLs?

=item How do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do I open a
file on another machine?

=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?

=item How do I fetch an HTML file?

=item How do I automate an HTML form submission?

=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?

=item How do I redirect to another page?

=item How do I put a password on my web pages?

=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?

=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
CGI script to do bad things?

=item How do I parse a mail header?

=item How do I decode a CGI form?

=item How do I check a valid mail address?

=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?

=item How do I return the user's mail address?

=item How do I send mail?

=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?

=item How do I read mail?

=item How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
X<hostname, domainname, IP address, host, domain, hostfqdn, inet_ntoa,
gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname>

=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?

=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?

=item How can I do RPC in Perl?

=back

=item REVISION

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Declarations
X<declaration> X<undef> X<undefined> X<uninitialized>

=item Comments
X<comment> X<#>

=item Simple Statements
X<statement> X<semicolon> X<expression> X<;>

=item Truth and Falsehood
X<truth> X<falsehood> X<true> X<false> X<!> X<not> X<negation> X<0>

=item Statement Modifiers
X<statement modifier> X<modifier> X<if> X<unless> X<while>
X<until> X<foreach> X<for>

=item Compound Statements
X<statement, compound> X<block> X<bracket, curly> X<curly bracket> X<brace>
X<{> X<}> X<if> X<unless> X<while> X<until> X<foreach> X<for> X<continue>

=item Loop Control
X<loop control> X<loop, control> X<next> X<last> X<redo> X<continue>

=item For Loops
X<for> X<foreach>

=item Foreach Loops
X<for> X<foreach>

=item Basic BLOCKs
X<block>

=item Switch statements
X<switch> X<case> X<given> X<when> X<default>

o, o, o, o, o, o, o

=item Goto
X<goto>

=item PODs: Embedded Documentation
X<POD> X<documentation>

=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
X<comment> X<line> X<#> X<preprocessor> X<eval>

=back

=back

=head2 perldata - Perl data types

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Variable names
X<variable, name> X<variable name> X<data type> X<type>

=item Context
X<context> X<scalar context> X<list context>

=item Scalar values
X<scalar> X<number> X<string> X<reference>

=item Scalar value constructors
X<scalar, literal> X<scalar, constant>

=item List value constructors
X<list>

=item Subscripts

=item Slices
X<slice> X<array, slice> X<hash, slice>

=item Typeglobs and Filehandles
X<typeglob> X<filehandle> X<*>

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Operator Precedence and Associativity
X<operator, precedence> X<precedence> X<associativity>

=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
X<list operator> X<operator, list> X<term>

=item The Arrow Operator
X<arrow> X<dereference> X<< -> >>

=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
X<increment> X<auto-increment> X<++> X<decrement> X<auto-decrement> X<-->

=item Exponentiation
X<**> X<exponentiation> X<power>

=item Symbolic Unary Operators
X<unary operator> X<operator, unary>

=item Binding Operators
X<binding> X<operator, binding> X<=~> X<!~>

=item Multiplicative Operators
X<operator, multiplicative>

=item Additive Operators
X<operator, additive>

=item Shift Operators
X<shift operator> X<operator, shift> X<<< << >>>
X<<< >> >>> X<right shift> X<left shift> X<bitwise shift>
X<shl> X<shr> X<shift, right> X<shift, left>

=item Named Unary Operators
X<operator, named unary>

=item Relational Operators
X<relational operator> X<operator, relational>

=item Equality Operators
X<equality> X<equal> X<equals> X<operator, equality>

=item Bitwise And
X<operator, bitwise, and> X<bitwise and> X<&>

=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
X<operator, bitwise, or> X<bitwise or> X<|> X<operator, bitwise, xor>
X<bitwise xor> X<^>

=item C-style Logical And
X<&&> X<logical and> X<operator, logical, and>

=item C-style Logical Or
X<||> X<operator, logical, or>

=item C-style Logical Defined-Or
X<//> X<operator, logical, defined-or>

=item Range Operators
X<operator, range> X<range> X<..> X<...>

=item Conditional Operator
X<operator, conditional> X<operator, ternary> X<ternary> X<?:>

=item Assignment Operators
X<assignment> X<operator, assignment> X<=> X<**=> X<+=> X<*=> X<&=>
X<<< <<= >>> X<&&=> X<-=> X</=> X<|=> X<<< >>= >>> X<||=> X<//=> X<.=>
X<%=> X<^=> X<x=>

=item Comma Operator
X<comma> X<operator, comma> X<,>

=item List Operators (Rightward)
X<operator, list, rightward> X<list operator>

=item Logical Not
X<operator, logical, not> X<not>

=item Logical And
X<operator, logical, and> X<and>

=item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
X<operator, logical, or> X<operator, logical, xor> X<operator, logical,
err>
X<operator, logical, defined or> X<operator, logical, exclusive or>
X<or> X<xor> X<err>

=item C Operators Missing From Perl
X<operator, missing from perl> X<&> X<*>
X<typecasting> X<(TYPE)>

unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

=item Quote and Quote-like Operators
X<operator, quote> X<operator, quote-like> X<q> X<qq> X<qx> X<qw> X<m>
X<qr> X<s> X<tr> X<'> X<''> X<"> X<""> X<//> X<`> X<``> X<<< << >>>
X<escape sequence> X<escape>

=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
X<operator, regexp>

?PATTERN? X<?>, m/PATTERN/cgimosx X<m> X<operator, match> X<regexp,
options> X<regexp> X<regex, options> X<regex> X</c> X</i> X</m> X</o> X</s>
X</x>, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/ X<q> X<quote, single> X<'> X<''>,
'STRING', qq/STRING/ X<qq> X<quote, double> X<"> X<"">, "STRING",
qr/STRING/imosx X<qr> X</i> X</m> X</o> X</s> X</x>, qx/STRING/ X<qx> X<`>
X<``> X<backtick>, `STRING`, qw/STRING/ X<qw> X<quote, list> X<quote,
words>, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx X<substitute> X<substitution>
X<replace> X<regexp, replace> X<regexp, substitute> X</e> X</g> X</i> X</m>
X</o> X</s> X</x>, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds X<tr> X<y>
X<transliterate> X</c> X</d> X</s>, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
X<here-doc> X<heredoc> X<here-document> X<<< << >>>, Double Quotes, Single
Quotes, Backticks

=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
X<quote, gory details>

Finding the end, Interpolation X<interpolation>, C<<<'EOF'>,  C<m''>, the
pattern of C<s'''>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<tr'''>, C<y'''>, the replacement of
C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<"">, C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob>
>>, C<<<"EOF">, the replacement of C<s///>, C<RE> in C<?RE?>, C</RE/>,
C<m/RE/>, C<s/RE/foo/>,, parsing regular expressions X<regexp, parse>,
Optimization of regular expressions X<regexp, optimization>

=item I/O Operators
X<operator, i/o> X<operator, io> X<io> X<while> X<filehandle>
X<< <> >> X<@ARGV>

=item Constant Folding
X<constant folding> X<folding>

=item No-ops
X<no-op> X<nop>

=item Bitwise String Operators
X<operator, bitwise, string>

=item Integer Arithmetic
X<integer>

=item Floating-point Arithmetic
X<floating-point> X<floating point> X<float> X<real>

=item Bigger Numbers
X<number, arbitrary precision>

=back

=back

=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Private Variables via my()
X<my> X<variable, lexical> X<lexical> X<lexical variable> X<scope, lexical>
X<lexical scope> X<attributes, my>

=item Persistent Private Variables
X<state> X<state variable> X<static> X<variable, persistent> X<variable,
static> X<closure>

=item Temporary Values via local()
X<local> X<scope, dynamic> X<dynamic scope> X<variable, local>
X<variable, temporary>

=item Lvalue subroutines
X<lvalue> X<subroutine, lvalue>

Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL

=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
X<typeglob> X<*>

=item When to Still Use local()
X<local> X<variable, local>

=item Pass by Reference
X<pass by reference> X<pass-by-reference> X<reference>

=item Prototypes
X<prototype> X<subroutine, prototype>

=item Constant Functions
X<constant>

=item Overriding Built-in Functions
X<built-in> X<override> X<CORE> X<CORE::GLOBAL>

=item Autoloading
X<autoloading> X<AUTOLOAD>

=item Subroutine Attributes
X<attribute> X<subroutine, attribute> X<attrs>

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Perl Functions by Category
X<function>

Functions for SCALARs or strings X<scalar> X<string> X<character>, Regular
expressions and pattern matching X<regular expression> X<regex> X<regexp>,
Numeric functions X<numeric> X<number> X<trigonometric> X<trigonometry>,
Functions for real @ARRAYs X<array>, Functions for list data X<list>,
Functions for real %HASHes X<hash>, Input and output functions X<I/O>
X<input> X<output> X<dbm>, Functions for fixed length data or records,
Functions for filehandles, files, or directories X<file> X<filehandle>
X<directory> X<pipe> X<link> X<symlink>, Keywords related to the control
flow of your Perl program X<control flow>, Keywords related to switch,
Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for
processes and process groups X<process> X<pid> X<process id>, Keywords
related to perl modules X<module>, Keywords related to classes and
object-orientedness X<object> X<class> X<package>, Low-level socket
functions X<socket> X<sock>, System V interprocess communication functions
X<IPC> X<System V> X<semaphore> X<shared memory> X<memory> X<message>,
Fetching user and group info X<user> X<group> X<password> X<uid> X<gid> 
X<passwd> X</etc/passwd>, Fetching network info X<network> X<protocol>
X<host> X<hostname> X<IP> X<address> X<service>, Time-related functions
X<time> X<date>, Functions new in perl5 X<perl5>, Functions obsoleted in
perl5

=item Portability
X<portability> X<Unix> X<portable>

=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

-I<X> FILEHANDLE
X<-r>X<-w>X<-x>X<-o>X<-R>X<-W>X<-X>X<-O>X<-e>X<-z>X<-s>X<-f>X<-d>X<-l>X<-p>
X<-S>X<-b>X<-c>X<-t>X<-u>X<-g>X<-k>X<-T>X<-B>X<-M>X<-A>X<-C>, -I<X> EXPR,
-I<X> DIRHANDLE, -I<X>, abs VALUE X<abs> X<absolute>, abs, accept
NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET X<accept>, alarm SECONDS X<alarm> X<SIGALRM>
X<timer>, alarm, atan2 Y,X X<atan2> X<arctangent> X<tan> X<tangent>, bind
SOCKET,NAME X<bind>, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER X<binmode> X<binary> X<text>
X<DOS> X<Windows>, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME X<bless>, bless
REF, break, caller EXPR X<caller> X<call stack> X<stack> X<stack trace>,
caller, chdir EXPR X<chdir> X<cd> X<directory, change>, chdir FILEHANDLE,
chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST X<chmod> X<permission> X<mode>, chomp
VARIABLE X<chomp> X<INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR> X<$/> X<newline> X<eol>, chomp(
LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE X<chop>, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST
X<chown> X<owner> X<user> X<group>, chr NUMBER X<chr> X<character> X<ASCII>
X<Unicode>, chr, chroot FILENAME X<chroot> X<root>, chroot, close
FILEHANDLE X<close>, close, closedir DIRHANDLE X<closedir>, connect
SOCKET,NAME X<connect>, continue BLOCK X<continue>, continue, cos EXPR
X<cos> X<cosine> X<acos> X<arccosine>, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT X<crypt>
X<digest> X<hash> X<salt> X<plaintext> X<password> X<decrypt>
X<cryptography> X<passwd> X<encrypt>, dbmclose HASH X<dbmclose>, dbmopen
HASH,DBNAME,MASK X<dbmopen> X<dbm> X<ndbm> X<sdbm> X<gdbm>, defined EXPR
X<defined> X<undef> X<undefined>, defined, delete EXPR X<delete>, die LIST
X<die> X<throw> X<exception> X<raise> X<$@> X<abort>, do BLOCK X<do>
X<block>, do SUBROUTINE(LIST) X<do>, do EXPR X<do>, dump LABEL X<dump>
X<core> X<undump>, dump, each HASH X<each> X<hash, iterator>, eof
FILEHANDLE X<eof> X<end of file> X<end-of-file>, eof (), eof, eval EXPR
X<eval> X<try> X<catch> X<evaluate> X<parse> X<execute> X<error, handling>
X<exception, handling>, eval BLOCK, eval, exec LIST X<exec> X<execute>,
exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR X<exists> X<autovivification>, exit EXPR
X<exit> X<terminate> X<abort>, exit, exp EXPR X<exp> X<exponential>
X<antilog> X<antilogarithm> X<e>, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
X<fcntl>, fileno FILEHANDLE X<fileno>, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION X<flock>
X<lock> X<locking>, fork X<fork> X<child> X<parent>, format X<format>,
formline PICTURE,LIST X<formline>, getc FILEHANDLE X<getc> X<getchar>
X<character> X<file, read>, getc, getlogin X<getlogin> X<login>,
getpeername SOCKET X<getpeername> X<peer>, getpgrp PID X<getpgrp> X<group>,
getppid X<getppid> X<parent> X<pid>, getpriority WHICH,WHO X<getpriority>
X<priority> X<nice>, getpwnam NAME X<getpwnam> X<getgrnam> X<gethostbyname>
X<getnetbyname> X<getprotobyname> X<getpwuid> X<getgrgid> X<getservbyname>
X<gethostbyaddr> X<getnetbyaddr> X<getprotobynumber> X<getservbyport>
X<getpwent> X<getgrent> X<gethostent> X<getnetent> X<getprotoent>
X<getservent> X<setpwent> X<setgrent> X<sethostent> X<setnetent>
X<setprotoent> X<setservent> X<endpwent> X<endgrent> X<endhostent>
X<endnetent> X<endprotoent> X<endservent>, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname
NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET X<getsockname>, getsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME X<getsockopt>, glob EXPR X<glob> X<wildcard>
X<filename, expansion> X<expand>, glob, gmtime EXPR X<gmtime> X<UTC>
X<Greenwich>, gmtime, goto LABEL X<goto> X<jump> X<jmp>, goto EXPR, goto
&NAME, grep BLOCK LIST X<grep>, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR X<hex>
X<hexadecimal>, hex, import LIST X<import>, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION
X<index> X<indexOf> X<InStr>, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR X<int> X<integer>
X<truncate> X<trunc> X<floor>, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
X<ioctl>, join EXPR,LIST X<join>, keys HASH X<keys> X<key>, kill SIGNAL,
LIST X<kill> X<signal>, last LABEL X<last> X<break>, last, lc EXPR X<lc>
X<lowercase>, lc, lcfirst EXPR X<lcfirst> X<lowercase>, lcfirst, length
EXPR X<length> X<size>, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<link>, listen
SOCKET,QUEUESIZE X<listen>, local EXPR X<local>, localtime EXPR
X<localtime> X<ctime>, localtime, lock THING X<lock>, log EXPR X<log>
X<logarithm> X<e> X<ln> X<base>, log, lstat EXPR X<lstat>, lstat, m//, map
BLOCK LIST X<map>, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK X<mkdir> X<md>
X<directory, create>, mkdir FILENAME, mkdir, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG X<msgctl>,
msgget KEY,FLAGS X<msgget>, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS X<msgrcv>, msgsnd
ID,MSG,FLAGS X<msgsnd>, my EXPR X<my>, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my
TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL X<next> X<continue>, next, no Module VERSION
LIST X<no>, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR X<oct>
X<octal> X<hex> X<hexadecimal> X<binary> X<bin>, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR
X<open> X<pipe> X<file, open> X<fopen>, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR X<opendir>, ord EXPR X<ord> X<encoding>, ord, our
EXPR X<our> X<global>, our TYPE EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR :
ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST X<pack>, package NAMESPACE X<package> X<module>
X<namespace>, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE X<pipe>, pop ARRAY
X<pop> X<stack>, pop, pos SCALAR X<pos> X<match, position>, pos, print
FILEHANDLE LIST X<print>, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST
X<printf>, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION X<prototype>, push
ARRAY,LIST X<push>, X<stack>, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/,
qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR X<quotemeta> X<metacharacter>,
quotemeta, rand EXPR X<rand> X<random>, rand, read
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET X<read> X<file, read>, read
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE X<readdir>, readline EXPR
X<readline> X<gets> X<fgets>, readlink EXPR X<readlink>, readlink, readpipe
EXPR X<readpipe>, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS X<recv>, redo LABEL
X<redo>, redo, ref EXPR X<ref> X<reference>, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME
X<rename> X<move> X<mv> X<ren>, require VERSION X<require>, require EXPR,
require, reset EXPR X<reset>, reset, return EXPR X<return>, return, reverse
LIST X<reverse> X<rev> X<invert>, rewinddir DIRHANDLE X<rewinddir>, rindex
STR,SUBSTR,POSITION X<rindex>, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME X<rmdir>
X<rd> X<directory, remove>, rmdir, s///, say FILEHANDLE LIST X<say>, say
LIST, say, scalar EXPR X<scalar> X<context>, seek
FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<seek> X<fseek> X<filehandle, position>,
seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS X<seekdir>, select FILEHANDLE X<select> X<filehandle,
default>, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT X<select>, semctl
ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG X<semctl>, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS X<semget>, semop
KEY,OPSTRING X<semop>, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO X<send>, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP X<setpgrp> X<group>, setpriority
WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY X<setpriority> X<priority> X<nice> X<renice>, setsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL X<setsockopt>, shift ARRAY X<shift>, shift,
shmctl ID,CMD,ARG X<shmctl>, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS X<shmget>, shmread
ID,VAR,POS,SIZE X<shmread> X<shmwrite>, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
shutdown SOCKET,HOW X<shutdown>, sin EXPR X<sin> X<sine> X<asin>
X<arcsine>, sin, sleep EXPR X<sleep> X<pause>, sleep, socket
SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socket>, socketpair
SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socketpair>, sort SUBNAME LIST
X<sort> X<qsort> X<quicksort> X<mergesort>, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST,
splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST X<splice>, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT X<split>,
split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST
X<sprintf>, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width,
precision, or maximum width X<precision>, size, order of arguments, sqrt
EXPR X<sqrt> X<root> X<square root>, sqrt, srand EXPR X<srand> X<seed>
X<randseed>, srand, stat FILEHANDLE X<stat> X<file, status> X<ctime>, stat
EXPR, stat DIRHANDLE, stat, state EXPR X<state>, state TYPE EXPR, state
EXPR : ATTRS, state TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, study SCALAR X<study>, study, sub
NAME BLOCK X<sub>, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME
(PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT X<substr>
X<substring> X<mid> X<left> X<right>, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<symlink> X<link> X<symbolic link>
X<link, symbolic>, syscall NUMBER, LIST X<syscall> X<system call>, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE X<sysopen>, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
X<sysread>, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<sysseek> X<lseek>, system LIST X<system>
X<shell>, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
X<syswrite>, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,
tell FILEHANDLE X<tell>, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE X<telldir>, tie
VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST X<tie>, tied VARIABLE X<tied>, time X<time>
X<epoch>, times X<times>, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH X<truncate>,
truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR X<uc> X<uppercase> X<toupper>, uc, ucfirst
EXPR X<ucfirst> X<uppercase>, ucfirst, umask EXPR X<umask>, umask, undef
EXPR X<undef> X<undefine>, undef, unlink LIST X<unlink> X<delete> X<remove>
X<rm> X<del>, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR X<unpack>, unpack TEMPLATE,
untie VARIABLE X<untie>, unshift ARRAY,LIST X<unshift>, use Module VERSION
LIST X<use> X<module> X<import>, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use
Module, use VERSION, utime LIST X<utime>, values HASH X<values>, vec
EXPR,OFFSET,BITS X<vec> X<bit> X<bit vector>, wait X<wait>, waitpid
PID,FLAGS X<waitpid>, wantarray X<wantarray> X<context>, warn LIST X<warn>
X<warning> X<STDERR>, write FILEHANDLE X<write>, write EXPR, write, y///

=back

=back

=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Open E<agrave> la shell

=over 4

=item Simple Opens

=item Indirect Filehandles

=item Pipe Opens

=item The Minus File

=item Mixing Reads and Writes

=item Filters 

=back

=item Open E<agrave> la C

=over 4

=item Permissions E<agrave> la mode

=back

=item Obscure Open Tricks

=over 4

=item Re-Opening Files (dups)

=item Dispelling the Dweomer

=item Paths as Opens

=item Single Argument Open

=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT

=back

=item Other I/O Issues

=over 4

=item Opening Non-File Files

=item Opening Named Pipes

=item Opening Sockets

=item Binary Files

=item File Locking

=item IO Layers

=back

=item SEE ALSO 

=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

=item HISTORY

=back

=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item The Basic Principle

=item Packing Text

=item Packing Numbers

=over 4

=item Integers

=item Unpacking a Stack Frame

=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net

=item Byte-order modifiers

=item Floating point Numbers

=back

=item Exotic Templates

=over 4

=item Bit Strings

=item Uuencoding

=item Doing Sums

=item  Unicode

=item Another Portable Binary Encoding

=back

=item Template Grouping

=item Lengths and Widths

=over 4

=item String Lengths

=item Dynamic Templates

=item Counting Repetitions

=back

=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures

=over 4

=item The Alignment Pit

=item Dealing with Endian-ness

=item Alignment, Take 2

=item Alignment, Take 3

=item Pointers for How to Use Them

=back

=item Pack Recipes

=item Funnies Section

=item Authors

=back

=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Ordinary Paragraph
X<POD, ordinary paragraph>

=item Verbatim Paragraph
X<POD, verbatim paragraph> X<verbatim>

=item Command Paragraph
X<POD, command>

C<=head1 I<Heading Text>> X<=head1> X<=head2> X<=head3> X<=head4> X<head1>
X<head2> X<head3> X<head4>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>> X<=over>
X<=item> X<=back> X<over> X<item> X<back>, C<=item I<stuff...>>, C<=back>,
C<=cut> X<=cut> X<cut>, C<=pod> X<=pod> X<pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>
X<=begin> X<=end> X<=for> X<begin> X<end> X<for>, C<=end I<formatname>>,
C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding I<encodingname>> X<=encoding>
X<encoding>

=item Formatting Codes
X<POD, formatting code> X<formatting code>
X<POD, interior sequence> X<interior sequence>

C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text X<I> X<< IZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
code, italic> X<italic>, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text X<B> X<< BZ<><> >>
X<POD, formatting code, bold> X<bold>, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text X<C>
X<< CZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, code> X<code>, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> --
a hyperlink X<L> X<< LZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, hyperlink>
X<hyperlink>, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape X<E> X<< EZ<><> >>
X<POD, formatting code, escape> X<escape>, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
for filenames X<F> X<< FZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, filename>
X<filename>, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces X<S>
X<< SZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, non-breaking space>  X<non-breaking
space>, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry X<X> X<< XZ<><> >>
X<POD, formatting code, index entry> X<index entry>, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
null (zero-effect) formatting code X<Z> X<< ZZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
code, null> X<null>

=item The Intent
X<POD, intent of>

=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
X<POD, embedding>

=item Hints for Writing Pod

X<podchecker> X<POD, validating>

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
notes

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Pod Definitions

=item Pod Commands

"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
"=encoding encodingname"

=item Pod Formatting Codes

C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
contains non-breaking spaces

=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors

=item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes

First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:

=item About =over...=back Regions

=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
X<hashbang> X<#!>

OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS

=item Location of Perl
X<perl, location of interpreter>

=item Command Switches
X<perl, command switches> X<command switches>

B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>] X<-0> X<$/>, B<-A[I<module>][=I<assertions>]>
X<-A>, B<-a> X<-a> X<autosplit>, B<-C [I<number/list>]> X<-C>, B<-c> X<-c>,
B<-d> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]> X<-d> X<-dt>,
B<-dt:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters> X<-D> X<DEBUGGING> X<-DDEBUGGING>,
B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline> X<-e>, B<-E> I<commandline> X<-E>,
B<-f> X<-f>, B<-F>I<pattern> X<-F>, B<-h> X<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>] X<-i>
X<in-place>, B<-I>I<directory> X<-I> X<@INC>, B<-l>[I<octnum>] X<-l> X<$/>
X<$\>, B<-m>[B<->]I<module> X<-m> X<-M>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>,
B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>
X<-n>, B<-p> X<-p>, B<-P> X<-P>, B<-s> X<-s>, B<-S> X<-S>, B<-t> X<-t>,
B<-T> X<-T>, B<-u> X<-u>, B<-U> X<-U>, B<-v> X<-v>, B<-V> X<-V>,
B<-V:>I<configvar>, B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>, B<-x> X<-x>,
B<-x> I<directory>

=back

=item ENVIRONMENT
X<perl, environment variables>

HOME X<HOME>, LOGDIR X<LOGDIR>, PATH X<PATH>, PERL5LIB X<PERL5LIB>,
PERL5OPT X<PERL5OPT>, PERLIO X<PERLIO>, :bytes X<:bytes>, :crlf X<:crlf>,
:mmap X<:mmap>, :perlio X<:perlio>, :pop X<:pop>, :raw X<:raw>, :stdio
X<:stdio>, :unix X<:unix>, :utf8 X<:utf8>, :win32 X<:win32>, PERLIO_DEBUG
X<PERLIO_DEBUG>, PERLLIB X<PERLLIB>, PERL5DB X<PERL5DB>, PERL5DB_THREADED
X<PERL5DB_THREADED>, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) X<PERL5SHELL>,
PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port)
X<PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP>, PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS X<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS>,
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL X<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, PERL_DL_NONLAZY
X<PERL_DL_NONLAZY>, PERL_ENCODING X<PERL_ENCODING>, PERL_HASH_SEED
X<PERL_HASH_SEED>, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG X<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG>, PERL_ROOT
(specific to the VMS port) X<PERL_ROOT>, PERL_SIGNALS X<PERL_SIGNALS>,
PERL_UNICODE X<PERL_UNICODE>, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
X<SYS$LOGIN>

=back

=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=back

=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings

=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>

=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line

B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>

=item Backward Compatibility

=item Category Hierarchy
X<warning, categories>

=item Fatal Warnings
X<warning, fatal>

=item Reporting Warnings from a Module
X<warning, reporting> X<warning, registering>

=back

=item TODO

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item The Perl Debugger

=over 4

=item Debugger Commands

h X<debugger command, h>, h [command], h h, p expr X<debugger command, p>,
x [maxdepth] expr X<debugger command, x>, V [pkg [vars]] X<debugger
command, V>, X [vars] X<debugger command, X>, y [level [vars]] X<debugger
command, y>, T X<debugger command, T> X<backtrace> X<stack, backtrace>, s
[expr] X<debugger command, s> X<step>, n [expr] X<debugger command, n>, r
X<debugger command, r>, <CR>, c [line|sub] X<debugger command, c>, l
X<debugger command, l>, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -
X<debugger command, ->, v [line] X<debugger command, v>, . X<debugger
command, .>, f filename X<debugger command, f>, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L
[abw] X<debugger command, L>, S [[!]regex] X<debugger command, S>, t
X<debugger command, t>, t expr X<debugger command, t>, b X<breakpoint>
X<debugger command, b>, b [line] [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger
command, b>, b subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b
postpone subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b load
filename X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b compile subname
X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, B line X<breakpoint> X<debugger
command, B>, B * X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, B>, a [line] command
X<debugger command, a>, A line X<debugger command, A>, A * X<debugger
command, A>, w expr X<debugger command, w>, W expr X<debugger command, W>,
W * X<debugger command, W>, o X<debugger command, o>, o booloption ...
X<debugger command, o>, o anyoption? ... X<debugger command, o>, o
option=value ... X<debugger command, o>, < ? X<< debugger command, < >>, <
[ command ] X<< debugger command, < >>, < * X<< debugger command, < >>, <<
command X<< debugger command, << >>, > ? X<< debugger command, > >>, >
command X<< debugger command, > >>, > * X<< debugger command, > >>, >>
command X<<< debugger command, >> >>>, { ? X<debugger command, {>, { [
command ], { * X<debugger command, {>, {{ command X<debugger command, {{>,
! number X<debugger command, !>, ! -number X<debugger command, !>, !
pattern X<debugger command, !>, !! cmd X<debugger command, !!>, source file
X<debugger command, source>, H -number X<debugger command, H>, q or ^D
X<debugger command, q> X<debugger command, ^D>, R X<debugger command, R>,
|dbcmd X<debugger command, |>, ||dbcmd X<debugger command, ||>, command, m
expr X<debugger command, m>, M X<debugger command, M>, man [manpage]
X<debugger command, man>

=item Configurable Options

C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang> X<debugger option, recallCommand> X<debugger
option, ShellBang>, C<pager> X<debugger option, pager>, C<tkRunning>
X<debugger option, tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>
X<debugger option, signalLevel> X<debugger option, warnLevel> X<debugger
option, dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace> X<debugger option, AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>
X<debugger option, LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit> X<debugger option,
inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet> X<debugger option, PrintRet>, C<ornaments>
X<debugger option, ornaments>, C<frame> X<debugger option, frame>,
C<maxTraceLen> X<debugger option, maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize> X<debugger
option, windowSize>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth> X<debugger option,
arrayDepth> X<debugger option, hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth> X<debugger option,
dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact> X<debugger option, compactDump>
X<debugger option, veryCompact>, C<globPrint> X<debugger option,
globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles> X<debugger option, DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>
X<debugger option, DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused> X<debugger option,
DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint> X<debugger option, quote>
X<debugger option, HighBit> X<debugger option, undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>
X<debugger option, UsageOnly>, C<TTY> X<debugger option, TTY>, C<noTTY>
X<debugger option, noTTY>, C<ReadLine> X<debugger option, ReadLine>,
C<NonStop> X<debugger option, NonStop>

=item Debugger input/output

Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace X<backtrace> X<stack,
backtrace>, Line Listing Format, Frame listing

=item Debugging compile-time statements

=item Debugger Customization

=item Readline Support

=item Editor Support for Debugging

=item The Perl Profiler
X<profile> X<profiling> X<profiler>

=back

=item Debugging regular expressions
X<regular expression, debugging>
X<regex, debugging> X<regexp, debugging>

=item Debugging memory usage
X<memory usage>

=item SEE ALSO

=item BUGS

=back

=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Predefined Names

$ARG, $_ X<$_> X<$ARG>, $a, $b X<$a> X<$b>, $<I<digits>> X<$1> X<$2> X<$3>,
$MATCH, $& X<$&> X<$MATCH>, $PREMATCH, $` X<$`> X<$PREMATCH>, $POSTMATCH,
$' X<$'> X<$POSTMATCH>, $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+ X<$+> X<$LAST_PAREN_MATCH>,
$^N X<$^N>, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+ X<@+> X<@LAST_MATCH_END>,
HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $. X<$.> X<$NR>
X<$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER> X<line number>,
IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/
X<$/> X<$RS> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR),
$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $| X<$|> X<autoflush> X<flush> X<$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>,
IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,
X<$,> X<$OFS> X<$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR>,
IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
$\ X<$\> X<$ORS> X<$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR>, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $" X<$">
X<$LIST_SEPARATOR>, $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $; X<$;> X<$SUBSEP>
X<SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR>, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR),
$FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $% X<$%> X<$FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER>,
HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $= X<$=>
X<$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE>, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR),
$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $- X<$-> X<$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT>, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-
X<@-> X<@LAST_MATCH_START>, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>,
C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the
same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1],
$+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] -
$-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>,
HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~ X<$~> X<$FORMAT_NAME>,
HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^ X<$^>
X<$FORMAT_TOP_NAME>, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $: X<$:> X<FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS>,
IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L X<$^L>
X<$FORMAT_FORMFEED>, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A X<$^A> X<$ACCUMULATOR>,
$CHILD_ERROR, $? X<$?> X<$CHILD_ERROR>, ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}
X<$^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE>, ${^ENCODING} X<$^ENCODING>, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!
X<$!> X<$ERRNO> X<$OS_ERROR>, %! X<%!>, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E X<$^E>
X<$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR>, $EVAL_ERROR, $@ X<$@> X<$EVAL_ERROR>, $PROCESS_ID,
$PID, $$ X<$$> X<$PID> X<$PROCESS_ID>, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $< X<< $< >>
X<$UID> X<$REAL_USER_ID>, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $> X<< $> >> X<$EUID>
X<$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $( X<$(> X<$GID>
X<$REAL_GROUP_ID>, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $) X<$)> X<$EGID>
X<$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID>, $PROGRAM_NAME, $0 X<$0> X<$PROGRAM_NAME>, $[ X<$[>,
$] X<$]>, $COMPILING, $^C X<$^C> X<$COMPILING>, $DEBUGGING, $^D X<$^D>
X<$DEBUGGING>, ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F
X<$^F> X<$SYSTEM_FD_MAX>, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I X<$^I>
X<$INPLACE_EDIT>, $^M X<$^M>, $OSNAME, $^O X<$^O> X<$OSNAME>, ${^OPEN},
$PERLDB, $^P X<$^P> X<$PERLDB>, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40,
0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R X<$^R>
X<$LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT>, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S X<$^S>
X<$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT>, $BASETIME, $^T X<$^T> X<$BASETIME>, ${^TAINT},
${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8CACHE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V X<$^V>
X<$PERL_VERSION>, $WARNING, $^W X<$^W> X<$WARNING>, ${^WARNING_BITS},
${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X X<$^X> X<$EXECUTABLE_NAME>,
ARGV X<ARGV>, $ARGV X<$ARGV>, @ARGV X<@ARGV>, ARGVOUT X<ARGVOUT>, @F X<@F>,
@INC X<@INC>, @ARG, @_ X<@_> X<@ARG>, %INC X<%INC>, %ENV, $ENV{expr}
X<%ENV>, %SIG, $SIG{expr} X<%SIG>

=item Error Indicators
X<error> X<exception>

=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names

=back

=item BUGS

=back

=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

i X</i> X<regex, case-insensitive> X<regexp, case-insensitive> X<regular
expression, case-insensitive>, m X</m> X<regex, multiline> X<regexp,
multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>, s X</s> X<regex, single-line>
X<regexp, single-line> X<regular expression, single-line>, x X</x>

=over 4

=item Regular Expressions

[1], [2], [3], cntrl X<cntrl>, graph X<graph>, print X<print>, punct
X<punct>, xdigit X<xdigit>

=item Extended Patterns

C<(?#text)> X<(?#)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)> X<(?)>, C<(?:pattern)> X<(?:)>,
C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, C<(?=pattern)> X<(?=)> X<look-ahead, positive>
X<lookahead, positive>, C<(?!pattern)> X<(?!)> X<look-ahead, negative>
X<lookahead, negative>, C<(?<=pattern)> X<(?<=)> X<look-behind, positive>
X<lookbehind, positive>, C<(?<!pattern)> X<(?<!)> X<look-behind, negative>
X<lookbehind, negative>, C<(?{ code })> X<(?{})> X<regex, code in>
X<regexp, code in> X<regular expression, code in>, C<(??{ code })>
X<(??{})> X<regex, postponed> X<regexp, postponed> X<regular expression,
postponed> X<regex, recursive> X<regexp, recursive> X<regular expression,
recursive>, C<< (?>pattern) >> X<backtrack> X<backtracking>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> X<(?()>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>

=item Backtracking
X<backtrack> X<backtracking>

=item Version 8 Regular Expressions
X<regular expression, version 8> X<regex, version 8> X<regexp, version 8>

=item Warning on \1 vs $1

=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring

=item Combining pieces together

C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>

=item Creating custom RE engines

=back

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item OPERATORS

=item SYNTAX

=item ESCAPE SEQUENCES

=item CHARACTER CLASSES

=item ANCHORS

=item QUANTIFIERS

=item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS

=item VARIABLES

=item FUNCTIONS

=item TERMINOLOGY

=back

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=item THANKS

=back

=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

=over 4

=item NOTE

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Making References
X<reference, creation> X<referencing>

1. X<\> X<backslash>, 2. X<array, anonymous> X<[> X<[]> X<square bracket>
X<bracket, square> X<arrayref> X<array reference> X<reference, array>, 3.
X<hash, anonymous> X<{> X<{}> X<curly bracket> X<bracket, curly> X<brace>
X<hashref> X<hash reference> X<reference, hash>, 4. X<subroutine,
anonymous> X<subroutine, reference> X<reference, subroutine> X<scope,
lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>, 5. X<constructor> X<new>,
6. X<autovivification>, 7. X<*foo{THING}> X<*>

=item Using References
X<reference, use> X<dereferencing> X<dereference>

2. X<${}> X<@{}> X<%{}>, 3. X<autovivification> X<< -> >> X<arrow>, 4.
X<encapsulation>

=item Symbolic references
X<reference, symbolic> X<reference, soft>
X<symbolic reference> X<soft reference>

=item Not-so-symbolic references

=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
X<pseudo-hash> X<pseudo hash> X<pseudohash>

=item Function Templates
X<scope, lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>
X<subroutine, nested> X<sub, nested> X<subroutine, local> X<sub, local>

=back

=item WARNING
X<reference, string context> X<reference, use as hash key>

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlform - Perl formats

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Text Fields
X<format, text field>

=item Numeric Fields
X<#> X<format, numeric field>

=item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
X<@*>

=item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
X<^*>

=item Specifying Values
X<format, specifying values>

=item Using Fill Mode
X<format, fill mode>

=item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
X<format, suppressing lines>

=item Repeating Format Lines
X<format, repeating lines>

=item Top of Form Processing
X<format, top of form> X<top> X<header>

=item Format Variables
X<format variables>
X<format, variables>

=back

=item NOTES

=over 4

=item Footers
X<format, footer> X<footer>

=item Accessing Formatting Internals
X<format, internals>

=back

=item WARNINGS

=back

=head2 perlobj - Perl objects

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item An Object is Simply a Reference
X<object> X<bless> X<constructor> X<new>

=item A Class is Simply a Package
X<class> X<package> X<@ISA> X<inheritance>

=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
X<method>

=item Method Invocation
X<invocation> X<method> X<arrow> X<< -> >>

=item Indirect Object Syntax
X<indirect object syntax> X<invocation, indirect> X<indirect>

=item Default UNIVERSAL methods
X<UNIVERSAL>

isa(CLASS) X<isa>, can(METHOD) X<can>, VERSION( [NEED] ) X<VERSION>

=item Destructors
X<destructor> X<DESTROY>

=item Summary

=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
X<garbage collection> X<GC> X<circular reference>
X<reference, circular> X<DESTROY> X<destructor>

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Tying Scalars
X<scalar, tying>

TIESCALAR classname, LIST X<TIESCALAR>, FETCH this X<FETCH>, STORE this,
value X<STORE>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>

=item Tying Arrays
X<array, tying>

TIEARRAY classname, LIST X<TIEARRAY>, FETCH this, index X<FETCH>, STORE
this, index, value X<STORE>, FETCHSIZE this X<FETCHSIZE>, STORESIZE this,
count X<STORESIZE>, EXTEND this, count X<EXTEND>, EXISTS this, key
X<EXISTS>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>, CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, PUSH this, LIST
 X<PUSH>, POP this X<POP>, SHIFT this X<SHIFT>, UNSHIFT this, LIST 
X<UNSHIFT>, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST X<SPLICE>, UNTIE this
X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>

=item Tying Hashes
X<hash, tying>

USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST X<TIEHASH>, FETCH this,
key X<FETCH>, STORE this, key, value X<STORE>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>,
CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, EXISTS this, key X<EXISTS>, FIRSTKEY this X<FIRSTKEY>,
NEXTKEY this, lastkey X<NEXTKEY>, SCALAR this X<SCALAR>, UNTIE this
X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>

=item Tying FileHandles
X<filehandle, tying>

TIEHANDLE classname, LIST X<TIEHANDLE>, WRITE this, LIST X<WRITE>, PRINT
this, LIST X<PRINT>, PRINTF this, LIST X<PRINTF>, READ this, LIST X<READ>,
READLINE this X<READLINE>, GETC this X<GETC>, CLOSE this X<CLOSE>, UNTIE
this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>

=item UNTIE this
X<UNTIE>

=item The C<untie> Gotcha
X<untie>

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
B<filter_fetch_value>

=over 4

=item The Filter

=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.

=item Another Example -- Key is a C int.

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Signals

=over 4

=item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons

=back

=item Named Pipes

=over 4

=item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)

Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
"faults", Signals triggered by operating system state

=back

=item Using open() for IPC

=over 4

=item Filehandles

=item Background Processes

=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent

=item Safe Pipe Opens

=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process

=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

=back

=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication

=over 4

=item Internet Line Terminators

=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers

=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

=back

=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket

=over 4

=item A Simple Client

C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>

=item A Webget Client

=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket

=back

=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket

Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

=item UDP: Message Passing

=item SysV IPC

=item NOTES

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes

$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
files, directories and network sockets

=item Resource limits

=item Killing the parent process

=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes

=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS

BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
application, Thread-safety of extensions

=back

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Storing numbers

=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions

=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations

Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
string

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Status

=item What Is A Thread Anyway?

=item Threaded Program Models

=over 4

=item Boss/Worker

=item Work Crew

=item Pipeline

=back

=item What kind of threads are Perl threads?

=item Thread-Safe Modules

=item Thread Basics

=over 4

=item Basic Thread Support

=item A Note about the Examples

=item Creating Threads

=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit

=item Ignoring A Thread

=back

=item Threads And Data

=over 4

=item Shared And Unshared Data

=item Thread Pitfalls: Races

=back

=item Synchronization and control

=over 4

=item Controlling access: lock()

=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks

=item Queues: Passing Data Around

=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access

=item Basic semaphores

=item Advanced Semaphores

=item cond_wait() and cond_signal()

=item Giving up control

=back

=item General Thread Utility Routines

=over 4

=item What Thread Am I In?

=item Thread IDs

=item Are These Threads The Same?

=item What Threads Are Running?

=back

=item A Complete Example

=item Different implementations of threads

=item Performance considerations

=item Process-scope Changes

=item Thread-Safety of System Libraries

=item Conclusion

=item Bibliography

=over 4

=item Introductory Texts

=item OS-Related References

=item Other References

=back

=item Acknowledgements

=item AUTHOR

=item Copyrights

=back

=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item What Is A Thread Anyway?

=item Threaded Program Models

=over 4

=item Boss/Worker

=item Work Crew

=item Pipeline

=back

=item Native threads

=item What kind of threads are perl threads?

=item Threadsafe Modules

=item Thread Basics

=over 4

=item Basic Thread Support

=item Creating Threads

=item Giving up control

=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit

=item Errors In Threads

=item Ignoring A Thread

=back

=item Threads And Data

=over 4

=item Shared And Unshared Data

=item Thread Pitfall: Races

=item Controlling access: lock()

=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks

=item Queues: Passing Data Around

=back

=item Threads And Code

=over 4

=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access

Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores

=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines

=item Subroutine Locks

=item Methods

=item Locking A Subroutine

=back

=item General Thread Utility Routines

=over 4

=item What Thread Am I In?

=item Thread IDs

=item Are These Threads The Same?

=item What Threads Are Running?

=back

=item A Complete Example

=item Conclusion

=item Bibliography

=over 4

=item Introductory Texts

=item OS-Related References

=item Other References

=back

=item Acknowledgements

=item AUTHOR

=item Copyrights

=back

=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
portable

=item ISSUES

=over 4

=item Newlines

=item Numbers endianness and Width

=item Files and Filesystems

=item System Interaction

=item Command names versus file pathnames

=item Networking

=item Interprocess Communication (IPC)

=item External Subroutines (XS)

=item Standard Modules

=item Time and Date

=item Character sets and character encoding

=item Internationalisation

=item System Resources

=item Security

=item Style

=back

=item CPAN Testers

=item PLATFORMS

=over 4

=item Unix

=item DOS and Derivatives

=item S<Mac OS>

=item VMS

=item VOS

=item EBCDIC Platforms

=item Acorn RISC OS

=item Other perls

=back

=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

=over 4

=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

-I<X>, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen,
dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid,
getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid,
getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent,
gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent,
setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob,
gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat,
msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe, readlink, rename, select,
semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent,
setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair,
stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime,
wait, waitpid

=back

=item Supported Platforms

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

=back

=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
localization)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

=item USING LOCALES

=over 4

=item The use locale pragma

=item The setlocale function

=item Finding locales

=item LOCALE PROBLEMS

=item Temporarily fixing locale problems

=item Permanently fixing locale problems

=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration

=item Fixing system locale configuration

=item The localeconv function

=item I18N::Langinfo

=back

=item LOCALE CATEGORIES

=over 4

=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation

=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types

=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting

=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts

=item LC_TIME

=item Other categories

=back

=item SECURITY

=item ENVIRONMENT

PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

=item NOTES

=over 4

=item Backward compatibility

=item I18N:Collate obsolete

=item Sort speed and memory use impacts

=item write() and LC_NUMERIC

=item Freely available locale definitions

=item I18n and l10n

=item An imperfect standard

=back

=item Unicode and UTF-8

=item BUGS

=over 4

=item Broken systems

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item HISTORY

=back

=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Unicode

=item Perl's Unicode Support

=item Perl's Unicode Model

=item Unicode and EBCDIC

=item Creating Unicode

=item Handling Unicode

=item Legacy Encodings

=item Unicode I/O

=item Displaying Unicode As Text

=item Special Cases

=item Advanced Topics

=item Miscellaneous

=item Questions With Answers

=item Hexadecimal Notation

=item Further Resources

=back

=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS

=item SEE ALSO

=item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE

=back

=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Important Caveats

Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
autodetected, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings

=item Byte and Character Semantics

=item Effects of Character Semantics

=item Unicode Character Properties

General Category, Bidirectional Character Types, Scripts, Extended property
classes, Use of "Is" Prefix, Blocks

=item User-Defined Character Properties

=item User-Defined Case Mappings

=item Character Encodings for Input and Output

=item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level

=item Unicode Encodings

=item Security Implications of Unicode

=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC

=item Locales

=item When Unicode Does Not Happen

=item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)

=item Using Unicode in XS

=back

=item BUGS

=over 4

=item Interaction with Locales

=item Interaction with Extensions

=item Speed

=item Porting code from perl-5.6.X

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlunitut - Perl Unicode Tutorial

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Definitions

=item Your new toolkit

=item I/O flow (the actual 5 minute tutorial)

=item Q and A

=back

=item SUMMARY

=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS

=over 4

=item ASCII

=item ISO 8859

=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)

=item EBCDIC

=item 13 variant characters

=item 0037

=item 1047

=item POSIX-BC

=item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points

=item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC

=item Unicode and UTF

=item Using Encode

=back

=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES

recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6

=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS

=item CONVERSIONS

=over 4

=item tr///

=item iconv

=item C RTL

=back

=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES

=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES

chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()

=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES

=item SOCKETS

=item SORTING

=over 4

=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.

=item MONO CASE then sort data.

=item Convert, sort data, then re convert.

=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.

=back

=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS

=over 4

=item URL decoding and encoding

=item uu encoding and decoding

=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding

=item Caesarian ciphers

=back

=item Hashing order and checksums

=item I18N AND L10N

=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS

=item OS ISSUES

=over 4

=item OS/400

PASE, IFS access

=item OS/390, z/OS

chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales

=item VM/ESA?

=item POSIX-BC?

=back

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=item REFERENCES

=item HISTORY

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlsec - Perl security

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

=item Switches On the "#!" Line

=item Taint mode and @INC

=item Cleaning Up Your Path

=item Security Bugs

=item Protecting Your Programs

=item Unicode

=item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Packages
X<package> X<namespace> X<variable, global> X<global variable> X<global>

=item Symbol Tables
X<symbol table> X<stash> X<%::> X<%main::> X<typeglob> X<glob> X<alias>

=item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
X<BEGIN> X<CHECK> X<INIT> X<END>

=item Perl Classes
X<class> X<@ISA>

=item Perl Modules
X<module>

=item Making your module threadsafe
X<threadsafe> X<thread safe>
X<module, threadsafe> X<module, thread safe>
X<CLONE> X<CLONE_SKIP> X<thread> X<threads> X<ithread>

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

=over 4

=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

=over 4

=item Pragmatic Modules

assertions, assertions::activate, assertions::compat, attributes, attrs,
autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
diagnostics, encoding, encoding::warnings, feature, fields, filetest, if,
integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict,
subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version, vmsish, warnings,
warnings::register

=item Standard Modules

AnyDBM_File, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File, Attribute::Handlers,
AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode,
B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
CPAN::Nox, CPAN::Version, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
Compress::Raw::Zlib, Compress::Zlib, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter,
DBM_Filter::compress, DBM_Filter::encode, DBM_Filter::int32,
DBM_Filter::null, DBM_Filter::utf8, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::SHA,
Digest::base, Digest::file, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode,
Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN,
Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder,
Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z,
Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW,
Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::CBuilder, ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows,
ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
ExtUtils::Constant::Base, ExtUtils::Constant::Utils,
ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_AIX,
ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_QNX,
ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_VOS,
ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ,
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes,
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::ParseXS,
ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob,
File::GlobMapper, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin,
File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp,
File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call,
FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
Hash::Util::FieldHash, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
I18N::LangTags::Detect, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO,
IO::Compress::Base, IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::Gzip,
IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::Zip, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate,
IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress, IO::Uncompress::Base,
IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Inflate,
IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Uncompress::Unzip, IO::Zlib, IPC::Open2,
IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util,
Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigInt::FastCalc,
Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, Module::Build,
Module::Build::API, Module::Build::Authoring, Module::Build::Base,
Module::Build::Compat, Module::Build::ConfigData, Module::Build::Cookbook,
Module::Build::ModuleInfo, Module::Build::Notes, Module::Build::PPMMaker,
Module::Build::Platform::Amiga, Module::Build::Platform::Default,
Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC, Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX,
Module::Build::Platform::MacOS, Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS,
Module::Build::Platform::Unix, Module::Build::Platform::VMS,
Module::Build::Platform::VOS, Module::Build::Platform::Windows,
Module::Build::Platform::aix, Module::Build::Platform::cygwin,
Module::Build::Platform::darwin, Module::Build::Platform::os2,
Module::Build::YAML, Module::CoreList, Module::Load, Module::Loaded,
NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP,
Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent,
Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File,
Opcode, POSIX, Package::Constants, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding,
PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker,
Pod::Escapes, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
Pod::Select, Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Checker, Pod::Simple::Debug,
Pod::Simple::DumpAsText, Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML, Pod::Simple::HTML,
Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch, Pod::Simple::LinkSection, Pod::Simple::Methody,
Pod::Simple::PullParser, Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken,
Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken,
Pod::Simple::PullParserToken, Pod::Simple::RTF, Pod::Simple::Search,
Pod::Simple::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::Subclassing, Pod::Simple::Text,
Pod::Simple::TextContent, Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream, Pod::Text,
Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
Test::Builder, Test::Builder::Module, Test::Builder::Tester,
Test::Builder::Tester::Color, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Point, Test::Harness::Straps,
Test::Harness::TAP, Test::Harness::Util, Test::More, Test::Simple,
Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::File,
Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD,
User::grent, User::pwent, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader

=item Extension Modules

=back

=item CPAN

=over 4

=item Africa

South Africa

=item Asia

China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand

=item Central America

Costa Rica

=item Europe

Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom

=item North America

Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin

=item Oceania

Australia, New Zealand, United States

=item South America

Argentina, Brazil, Chile

=item RSYNC Mirrors

=back

=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

=over 4

=item Guidelines for Module Creation

=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules

=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code

=back

=item NOTE

=back

=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide

=over 4

=item INTRODUCTION

=item QUICK CHECKLIST

=over 4

=item Before you start

=item The API

=item Stability

=item Documentation

=item Release considerations

=back

=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE

=over 4

=item Has it been done before?

=item Do one thing and do it well

=item What's in a name?

=back

=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE

=over 4

=item To OO or not to OO?

=item Designing your API

Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
Parameter passing

=item Strictness and warnings

=item Backwards compatibility

=item Error handling and messages

=back

=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE

=over 4

=item POD

=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs

perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
perl Build test, perl Build install

=back

=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS

=over 4

=item Version numbering

=item Pre-requisites

=item Testing

=item Packaging

=item Licensing

=back

=item COMMON PITFALLS

=over 4

=item Reinventing the wheel

=item Trying to do too much

=item Inappropriate documentation

=back

=item SEE ALSO

L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
engineering

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item PREAMBLE

B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module

=back

=item PORTABILITY

=item HEY

=item AUTHOR

=item COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Warning

=item What should I make into a module?

=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground

Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again

=item Step-by-step: Making the module

Start with F<module-starter> or F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and
L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!,
Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README

=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module

Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!

=back

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlpragma - how to write a user pragma

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item A basic example

=item Implementation details

=back

=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item LIST OF UTILITIES

=over 4

=item Documentation

L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
L<roffitall|roffitall>

=item Convertors

L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p> and L<psed>, L<find2perl|find2perl>

=item Administration

L<config_data|config_data>, L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>, L<perlivp>

=item Development

L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<enc2xs>, L<xsubpp>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>,
L<prove>, L<corelist>

=item General tools

L<piconv>, L<ptar>, L<ptardiff>, L<shasum>

=item Installation

L<cpan>, L<instmodsh>

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator 

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Layout

B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref

=back

=item Using The Back Ends

=over 4

=item The Cross Referencing Back End

i, &, s, r

=item The Decompiling Back End

=item The Lint Back End

=item The Simple C Back End

=item The Bytecode Back End

=item The Optimized C Back End

=back

=item Module List for the Compiler Suite

B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref

=item KNOWN PROBLEMS

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONCEPTS

=item USING FILTERS

=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER

=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C

B<Decryption Filters>

=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE

=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL

=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER

=item CONCLUSION

=item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR

Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle

=item REQUIREMENTS

=item AUTHOR

=item Copyrights

=back

=head2 perlglossary - Perl Glossary

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item A

accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algorithm, alias,
alternatives, anonymous, architecture, argument, ARGV, arithmetical
operator, array, array context, ASCII, assertion, assignment, assignment
operator, associative array, associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic
operation, attribute, autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit,
autovivification, AV, awk

=item B

backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword, base class,
big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit shift, bit string,
bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Boolean, Boolean context, breakpoint,
broadcast, BSD, bucket, buffer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode

=item C

C, C preprocessor, call by reference, call by value, callback, canonical,
capturing, character, character class, character property, circumfix
operator, class, class method, client, cloister, closure, cluster, CODE,
code generator, code subpattern, collating sequence, command, command
buffering, command name, command-line arguments, comment, compilation unit,
compile phase, compile time, compiler, composer, concatenation,
conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, continuation,
core dump, CPAN, cracker, current package, current working directory,
currently selected output channel, CV

=item D

dangling statement, data structure, data type, datagram, DBM, declaration,
decrement, default, defined, delimiter, dereference, derived class,
descriptor, destroy, destructor, device, directive, directory, directory
handle, dispatch, distribution, dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping

=item E

eclectic, element, embedding, empty subclass test, en passant,
encapsulation, endian, environment, environment variable, EOF, errno,
error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling, exec, executable
file, execute, execute bit, exit status, export, expression, extension

=item F

false, FAQ, fatal error, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor, file test
operator, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem, filter, flag,
floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, fork, formal arguments, format, freely
available, freely redistributable, freeware, function, funny character,
garbage collection

=item G

GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granularity, greedy,
grep, group, GV

=item H

hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file, here
document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV

=item I

identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment, indexing,
indirect filehandle, indirect object, indirect object slot, indirection,
infix, inheritance, instance, instance variable, integer, interface,
interpolation, interpreter, invocant, invocation, I/O, IO, IP, IPC, is-a,
iteration, iterator, IV

=item J

JAPH

=item K

key, keyword

=item L

label, laziness, left shift, leftmost longest, lexeme, lexer, lexical
analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library, LIFO, line, line
buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list context, list operator, list
value, literal, little-endian, local, logical operator, lookahead,
lookbehind, loop, loop control statement, loop label, lvaluable, lvalue,
lvalue modifier

=item M

magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man, manpage,
matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasymbol, method,
minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, monger, mortal,
multidimensional array, multiple inheritance

=item N

named pipe, namespace, network address, newline, NFS, null character, null
list, null string, numeric context, NV, nybble

=item O

object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, operand, operating
system, operator, operator overloading, options, overloading, overriding,
owner

=item P

package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing, patch, PATH,
pathname, pattern, pattern matching, permission bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline,
platform, pod, pointer, polymorphism, port, portable, porter, POSIX,
postfix, pp, pragma, precedence, prefix, preprocessing, procedure, process,
program generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype,
pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pumpkin,
pumpking, PV

=item Q

qualified, quantifier

=item R

readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent, regex, regular
expression, regular expression modifier, regular file, relational operator,
reserved words, return value, RFC, right shift, root, RTFM, run phase, run
time, run-time pattern, RV, rvalue

=item S

scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar variable,
scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, semaphore, separator,
serialization, server, service, setgid, setuid, shared memory, shebang,
shell, side effects, signal, signal handler, single inheritance, slice,
slurp, socket, soft reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard
error, standard I/O, standard input, standard output, stat structure,
statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static scoping,
static variable, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT, stream, string,
string context, stringification, struct, structure, subclass, subpattern,
subroutine, subscript, substitution, substring, superclass, superuser, SV,
switch, switch cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbol table, symbolic
debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, synchronous, syntactic sugar,
syntax, syntax tree, syscall

=item T

tainted, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie, TMTOWTDI,
token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach, transliterate, trigger,
trinary, troff, true, truncating, type, type casting, typed lexical,
typedef, typeglob, typemap

=item U

UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix

=item V

value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector, virtual, void
context, v-string

=item W

warning, watch expression, whitespace, word, working directory, wrapper,
WYSIWYG

=item X

XS, XSUB

=item Y

yacc

=item Z

zero width, zombie

=back

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item PREAMBLE

B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>

=item ROADMAP

=item Compiling your C program

=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program

=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program

=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program

=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program

=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program

=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter

=item Execution of END blocks

=item $0 assignments

=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances

=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
program

=back

=item Embedding Perl under Win32

=item Hiding Perl_

=item MORAL

=item AUTHOR

=item COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging 

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Debugger Internals

=over 4

=item Writing Your Own Debugger

=back

=item Frame Listing Output Examples

=item Debugging regular expressions

=over 4

=item Compile-time output

C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
C<anchored(TYPE)>

=item Types of nodes

=item Run-time output

=back

=item Debugging Perl memory usage

=over 4

=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>

C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
6144>

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item SPECIAL NOTES

=over 4

=item make

=item Version caveat

=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading

=back

=item TUTORIAL

=over 4

=item EXAMPLE 1

=item EXAMPLE 2

=item What has gone on?

=item Writing good test scripts

=item EXAMPLE 3

=item What's new here?

=item Input and Output Parameters

=item The XSUBPP Program

=item The TYPEMAP file

=item Warning about Output Arguments

=item EXAMPLE 4

=item What has happened here?

=item Anatomy of .xs file

=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs

=item More about XSUB arguments

=item The Argument Stack

=item Extending your Extension

=item Documenting your Extension

=item Installing your Extension

=item EXAMPLE 5

=item New Things in this Example

=item EXAMPLE 6

=item New Things in this Example

=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)

=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)

=item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes

=item Troubleshooting these Examples

=back

=item See also

=item Author

=over 4

=item Last Changed

=back

=back

=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Introduction

=item On The Road

=item The Anatomy of an XSUB

=item The Argument Stack

=item The RETVAL Variable

=item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL

=item The MODULE Keyword

=item The PACKAGE Keyword

=item The PREFIX Keyword

=item The OUTPUT: Keyword

=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword

=item The CODE: Keyword

=item The INIT: Keyword

=item The NO_INIT Keyword

=item Initializing Function Parameters

=item Default Parameter Values

=item The PREINIT: Keyword

=item The SCOPE: Keyword

=item The INPUT: Keyword

=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords

=item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword

=item Variable-length Parameter Lists

=item The C_ARGS: Keyword

=item The PPCODE: Keyword

=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists

=item The REQUIRE: Keyword

=item The CLEANUP: Keyword

=item The POSTCALL: Keyword

=item The BOOT: Keyword

=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword

=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword

=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword

=item The ALIAS: Keyword

=item The OVERLOAD: Keyword

=item The FALLBACK: Keyword

=item The INTERFACE: Keyword

=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword

=item The INCLUDE: Keyword

=item The CASE: Keyword

=item The & Unary Operator

=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives

=item Using XS With C++

=item Interface Strategy

=item Perl Objects And C Structures

=item The Typemap

=item Safely Storing Static Data in XS

MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT,
aMY_CXT/pMY_CXT, MY_CXT_CLONE, MY_CXT_INIT_INTERP(my_perl),
dMY_CXT_INTERP(my_perl)

=back

=item EXAMPLES

=item XS VERSION

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Conventions

C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>

=item File Operations

=item File Input and Output

=item File Positioning

=item Memory Management and String Handling

=item Character Class Tests

=item F<stdlib.h> functions

=item Miscellaneous functions

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Variables

=over 4

=item Datatypes

=item What is an "IV"?

=item Working with SVs

=item Offsets

=item What's Really Stored in an SV?

=item Working with AVs

=item Working with HVs

=item Hash API Extensions

=item AVs, HVs and undefined values

=item References

=item Blessed References and Class Objects

=item Creating New Variables

GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN

=item Reference Counts and Mortality

=item Stashes and Globs

=item Double-Typed SVs

=item Magic Variables

=item Assigning Magic

=item Magic Virtual Tables

=item Finding Magic

=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays

=item Localizing changes

C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
*sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
save_hptr(HV **hptr)>

=back

=item Subroutines

=over 4

=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack

=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs

=item Memory Allocation

=item PerlIO

=item Putting a C value on Perl stack

=item Scratchpads

=item Scratchpads and recursion

=back

=item Compiled code

=over 4

=item Code tree

=item Examining the tree

=item Compile pass 1: check routines

=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding

=item Compile pass 2: context propagation

=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization

=item Pluggable runops

=back

=item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions

=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported

=over 4

=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT

=item So what happened to dTHR?

=item How do I use all this in extensions?

=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?

=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS

=back

=item Internal Functions

A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b, others

=over 4

=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs

=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer

=item Exception Handling

=item Source Documentation

=item Backwards compatibility

=back

=item Unicode Support

=over 4

=item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?

=item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?

=item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?

=item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?

=item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?

=item Is there anything else I need to know?

=back

=item Custom Operators

=item AUTHORS

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS

call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

=item FLAG VALUES

=over 4

=item  G_VOID

=item  G_SCALAR

=item G_ARRAY

=item G_DISCARD

=item G_NOARGS

=item G_EVAL

=item G_KEEPERR

=item Determining the Context

=back

=item EXAMPLES

=over 4

=item No Parameters, Nothing returned

=item Passing Parameters

=item Returning a Scalar

=item Returning a list of values

=item Returning a list in a scalar context

=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list

=item Using G_EVAL

=item Using G_KEEPERR

=item Using call_sv

=item Using call_argv

=item Using call_method

=item Using GIMME_V

=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries

=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information

1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
callback

=item Alternate Stack Manipulation

=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C

=back

=item LIGHTWEIGHT CALLBACKS

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=item DATE

=back

=head2 perlreguts - Description of the Perl regular expression engine.

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item OVERVIEW

=over 4

=item A quick note on terms

=item What is a regular expression engine?

=item Structure of a Regexp Program

C<regnode_1>, C<regnode_2>, C<regnode_string>, C<regnode_charclass>,
C<regnode_charclass_class>

=back

=item Process Overview

A. Compilation, 1. Parsing for size, 2. Parsing for construction, 3.
Peep-hole optimisation and analysis, B. Execution, 4. Start position and
no-match optimisations, 5. Program execution

=over 4

=item Compilation

anchored fixed strings, floating fixed strings, minimum and maximum length
requirements, start class, Beginning/End of line positions

=item Execution

=back

=item MISCELLANEOUS

=over 4

=item Unicode and Localisation Support

=item Base Struct

-, -, -, -

=item De-allocation and Cloning

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=item LICENCE

=item REFERENCES

=back

=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION
X<Perl API> X<API> X<api>

=item "Gimme" Values

GIMME X<GIMME>, GIMME_V X<GIMME_V>, G_ARRAY X<G_ARRAY>, G_DISCARD
X<G_DISCARD>, G_EVAL X<G_EVAL>, G_NOARGS X<G_NOARGS>, G_SCALAR X<G_SCALAR>,
G_VOID X<G_VOID>

=item Array Manipulation Functions

AvFILL X<AvFILL>, av_clear X<av_clear>, av_delete X<av_delete>, av_exists
X<av_exists>, av_extend X<av_extend>, av_fetch X<av_fetch>, av_fill
X<av_fill>, av_len X<av_len>, av_make X<av_make>, av_pop X<av_pop>, av_push
X<av_push>, av_shift X<av_shift>, av_store X<av_store>, av_undef
X<av_undef>, av_unshift X<av_unshift>, get_av X<get_av>, newAV X<newAV>,
sortsv X<sortsv>, sortsv_flags X<sortsv_flags>

=item Callback Functions

call_argv X<call_argv>, call_method X<call_method>, call_pv X<call_pv>,
call_sv X<call_sv>, ENTER X<ENTER>, eval_pv X<eval_pv>, eval_sv X<eval_sv>,
FREETMPS X<FREETMPS>, LEAVE X<LEAVE>, SAVETMPS X<SAVETMPS>

=item Character classes

isALNUM X<isALNUM>, isALPHA X<isALPHA>, isDIGIT X<isDIGIT>, isLOWER
X<isLOWER>, isSPACE X<isSPACE>, isUPPER X<isUPPER>, toLOWER X<toLOWER>,
toUPPER X<toUPPER>

=item Cloning an interpreter

perl_clone X<perl_clone>

=item CV Manipulation Functions

CvSTASH X<CvSTASH>, get_cv X<get_cv>

=item Embedding Functions

cv_undef X<cv_undef>, load_module X<load_module>, nothreadhook
X<nothreadhook>, perl_alloc X<perl_alloc>, perl_construct
X<perl_construct>, perl_destruct X<perl_destruct>, perl_free X<perl_free>,
perl_parse X<perl_parse>, perl_run X<perl_run>, require_pv X<require_pv>

=item Functions in file dump.c

pv_display X<pv_display>, pv_escape X<pv_escape>, pv_pretty X<pv_pretty>

=item Functions in file mathoms.c

gv_fetchmethod X<gv_fetchmethod>, pack_cat X<pack_cat>, sv_2pvbyte_nolen
X<sv_2pvbyte_nolen>, sv_2pvutf8_nolen X<sv_2pvutf8_nolen>, sv_2pv_nolen
X<sv_2pv_nolen>, sv_catpvn_mg X<sv_catpvn_mg>, sv_catsv_mg X<sv_catsv_mg>,
sv_force_normal X<sv_force_normal>, sv_iv X<sv_iv>, sv_nolocking
X<sv_nolocking>, sv_nounlocking X<sv_nounlocking>, sv_nv X<sv_nv>, sv_pv
X<sv_pv>, sv_pvbyte X<sv_pvbyte>, sv_pvbyten X<sv_pvbyten>, sv_pvn
X<sv_pvn>, sv_pvutf8 X<sv_pvutf8>, sv_pvutf8n X<sv_pvutf8n>, sv_taint
X<sv_taint>, sv_unref X<sv_unref>, sv_usepvn X<sv_usepvn>, sv_usepvn_mg
X<sv_usepvn_mg>, sv_uv X<sv_uv>, unpack_str X<unpack_str>

=item Functions in file pp_pack.c

packlist X<packlist>, unpackstring X<unpackstring>

=item Global Variables

PL_modglobal X<PL_modglobal>, PL_na X<PL_na>, PL_sv_no X<PL_sv_no>,
PL_sv_undef X<PL_sv_undef>, PL_sv_yes X<PL_sv_yes>

=item GV Functions

GvSV X<GvSV>, gv_const_sv X<gv_const_sv>, gv_fetchmeth X<gv_fetchmeth>,
gv_fetchmethod_autoload X<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>, gv_fetchmeth_autoload
X<gv_fetchmeth_autoload>, gv_stashpv X<gv_stashpv>, gv_stashpvn
X<gv_stashpvn>, gv_stashpvs X<gv_stashpvs>, gv_stashsv X<gv_stashsv>

=item Handy Values

Nullav X<Nullav>, Nullch X<Nullch>, Nullcv X<Nullcv>, Nullhv X<Nullhv>,
Nullsv X<Nullsv>

=item Hash Manipulation Functions

get_hv X<get_hv>, HEf_SVKEY X<HEf_SVKEY>, HeHASH X<HeHASH>, HeKEY X<HeKEY>,
HeKLEN X<HeKLEN>, HePV X<HePV>, HeSVKEY X<HeSVKEY>, HeSVKEY_force
X<HeSVKEY_force>, HeSVKEY_set X<HeSVKEY_set>, HeVAL X<HeVAL>, HvNAME
X<HvNAME>, hv_assert X<hv_assert>, hv_clear X<hv_clear>,
hv_clear_placeholders X<hv_clear_placeholders>, hv_delete X<hv_delete>,
hv_delete_ent X<hv_delete_ent>, hv_exists X<hv_exists>, hv_exists_ent
X<hv_exists_ent>, hv_fetch X<hv_fetch>, hv_fetchs X<hv_fetchs>,
hv_fetch_ent X<hv_fetch_ent>, hv_iterinit X<hv_iterinit>, hv_iterkey
X<hv_iterkey>, hv_iterkeysv X<hv_iterkeysv>, hv_iternext X<hv_iternext>,
hv_iternextsv X<hv_iternextsv>, hv_iternext_flags X<hv_iternext_flags>,
hv_iterval X<hv_iterval>, hv_magic X<hv_magic>, hv_scalar X<hv_scalar>,
hv_store X<hv_store>, hv_stores X<hv_stores>, hv_store_ent X<hv_store_ent>,
hv_undef X<hv_undef>, newHV X<newHV>

=item Magical Functions

mg_clear X<mg_clear>, mg_copy X<mg_copy>, mg_find X<mg_find>, mg_free
X<mg_free>, mg_get X<mg_get>, mg_length X<mg_length>, mg_magical
X<mg_magical>, mg_set X<mg_set>, SvGETMAGIC X<SvGETMAGIC>, SvLOCK
X<SvLOCK>, SvSETMAGIC X<SvSETMAGIC>, SvSetMagicSV X<SvSetMagicSV>,
SvSetMagicSV_nosteal X<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>, SvSetSV X<SvSetSV>,
SvSetSV_nosteal X<SvSetSV_nosteal>, SvSHARE X<SvSHARE>, SvUNLOCK
X<SvUNLOCK>

=item Memory Management

Copy X<Copy>, CopyD X<CopyD>, Move X<Move>, MoveD X<MoveD>, Newx X<Newx>,
Newxc X<Newxc>, Newxz X<Newxz>, Poison X<Poison>, PoisonFree X<PoisonFree>,
PoisonNew X<PoisonNew>, PoisonWith X<PoisonWith>, Renew X<Renew>, Renewc
X<Renewc>, Safefree X<Safefree>, savepv X<savepv>, savepvn X<savepvn>,
savepvs X<savepvs>, savesharedpv X<savesharedpv>, savesvpv X<savesvpv>,
StructCopy X<StructCopy>, Zero X<Zero>, ZeroD X<ZeroD>

=item Miscellaneous Functions

fbm_compile X<fbm_compile>, fbm_instr X<fbm_instr>, form X<form>, getcwd_sv
X<getcwd_sv>, my_snprintf X<my_snprintf>, my_sprintf X<my_sprintf>,
my_vsnprintf X<my_vsnprintf>, new_version X<new_version>, scan_version
X<scan_version>, strEQ X<strEQ>, strGE X<strGE>, strGT X<strGT>, strLE
X<strLE>, strLT X<strLT>, strNE X<strNE>, strnEQ X<strnEQ>, strnNE
X<strnNE>, sv_nosharing X<sv_nosharing>, upg_version X<upg_version>, vcmp
X<vcmp>, vnormal X<vnormal>, vnumify X<vnumify>, vstringify X<vstringify>,
vverify X<vverify>

=item Multicall Functions

dMULTICALL X<dMULTICALL>, MULTICALL X<MULTICALL>, POP_MULTICALL
X<POP_MULTICALL>, PUSH_MULTICALL X<PUSH_MULTICALL>

=item Numeric functions

grok_bin X<grok_bin>, grok_hex X<grok_hex>, grok_number X<grok_number>,
grok_numeric_radix X<grok_numeric_radix>, grok_oct X<grok_oct>, scan_bin
X<scan_bin>, scan_hex X<scan_hex>, scan_oct X<scan_oct>

=item Optree Manipulation Functions

cv_const_sv X<cv_const_sv>, newCONSTSUB X<newCONSTSUB>, newXS X<newXS>

=item Pad Data Structures

pad_sv X<pad_sv>

=item Simple Exception Handling Macros

dXCPT X<dXCPT>, XCPT_CATCH X<XCPT_CATCH>, XCPT_RETHROW X<XCPT_RETHROW>,
XCPT_TRY_END X<XCPT_TRY_END>, XCPT_TRY_START X<XCPT_TRY_START>

=item Stack Manipulation Macros

dMARK X<dMARK>, dORIGMARK X<dORIGMARK>, dSP X<dSP>, EXTEND X<EXTEND>, MARK
X<MARK>, mPUSHi X<mPUSHi>, mPUSHn X<mPUSHn>, mPUSHp X<mPUSHp>, mPUSHu
X<mPUSHu>, mXPUSHi X<mXPUSHi>, mXPUSHn X<mXPUSHn>, mXPUSHp X<mXPUSHp>,
mXPUSHu X<mXPUSHu>, ORIGMARK X<ORIGMARK>, POPi X<POPi>, POPl X<POPl>, POPn
X<POPn>, POPp X<POPp>, POPpbytex X<POPpbytex>, POPpx X<POPpx>, POPs
X<POPs>, PUSHi X<PUSHi>, PUSHMARK X<PUSHMARK>, PUSHmortal X<PUSHmortal>,
PUSHn X<PUSHn>, PUSHp X<PUSHp>, PUSHs X<PUSHs>, PUSHu X<PUSHu>, PUTBACK
X<PUTBACK>, SP X<SP>, SPAGAIN X<SPAGAIN>, XPUSHi X<XPUSHi>, XPUSHmortal
X<XPUSHmortal>, XPUSHn X<XPUSHn>, XPUSHp X<XPUSHp>, XPUSHs X<XPUSHs>,
XPUSHu X<XPUSHu>, XSRETURN X<XSRETURN>, XSRETURN_EMPTY X<XSRETURN_EMPTY>,
XSRETURN_IV X<XSRETURN_IV>, XSRETURN_NO X<XSRETURN_NO>, XSRETURN_NV
X<XSRETURN_NV>, XSRETURN_PV X<XSRETURN_PV>, XSRETURN_UNDEF
X<XSRETURN_UNDEF>, XSRETURN_UV X<XSRETURN_UV>, XSRETURN_YES
X<XSRETURN_YES>, XST_mIV X<XST_mIV>, XST_mNO X<XST_mNO>, XST_mNV
X<XST_mNV>, XST_mPV X<XST_mPV>, XST_mUNDEF X<XST_mUNDEF>, XST_mYES
X<XST_mYES>

=item SV Flags

svtype X<svtype>, SVt_IV X<SVt_IV>, SVt_NV X<SVt_NV>, SVt_PV X<SVt_PV>,
SVt_PVAV X<SVt_PVAV>, SVt_PVCV X<SVt_PVCV>, SVt_PVHV X<SVt_PVHV>, SVt_PVMG
X<SVt_PVMG>

=item SV Manipulation Functions

get_sv X<get_sv>, newRV_inc X<newRV_inc>, SvCUR X<SvCUR>, SvCUR_set
X<SvCUR_set>, SvEND X<SvEND>, SvGAMAGIC X<SvGAMAGIC>, SvGROW X<SvGROW>,
SvIOK X<SvIOK>, SvIOKp X<SvIOKp>, SvIOK_notUV X<SvIOK_notUV>, SvIOK_off
X<SvIOK_off>, SvIOK_on X<SvIOK_on>, SvIOK_only X<SvIOK_only>, SvIOK_only_UV
X<SvIOK_only_UV>, SvIOK_UV X<SvIOK_UV>, SvIsCOW X<SvIsCOW>,
SvIsCOW_shared_hash X<SvIsCOW_shared_hash>, SvIV X<SvIV>, SvIVX X<SvIVX>,
SvIVx X<SvIVx>, SvIV_nomg X<SvIV_nomg>, SvIV_set X<SvIV_set>, SvLEN
X<SvLEN>, SvLEN_set X<SvLEN_set>, SvMAGIC_set X<SvMAGIC_set>, SvNIOK
X<SvNIOK>, SvNIOKp X<SvNIOKp>, SvNIOK_off X<SvNIOK_off>, SvNOK X<SvNOK>,
SvNOKp X<SvNOKp>, SvNOK_off X<SvNOK_off>, SvNOK_on X<SvNOK_on>, SvNOK_only
X<SvNOK_only>, SvNV X<SvNV>, SvNVX X<SvNVX>, SvNVx X<SvNVx>, SvNV_set
X<SvNV_set>, SvOK X<SvOK>, SvOOK X<SvOOK>, SvPOK X<SvPOK>, SvPOKp
X<SvPOKp>, SvPOK_off X<SvPOK_off>, SvPOK_on X<SvPOK_on>, SvPOK_only
X<SvPOK_only>, SvPOK_only_UTF8 X<SvPOK_only_UTF8>, SvPV X<SvPV>, SvPVbyte
X<SvPVbyte>, SvPVbytex X<SvPVbytex>, SvPVbytex_force X<SvPVbytex_force>,
SvPVbyte_force X<SvPVbyte_force>, SvPVbyte_nolen X<SvPVbyte_nolen>,
SvPVutf8 X<SvPVutf8>, SvPVutf8x X<SvPVutf8x>, SvPVutf8x_force
X<SvPVutf8x_force>, SvPVutf8_force X<SvPVutf8_force>, SvPVutf8_nolen
X<SvPVutf8_nolen>, SvPVX X<SvPVX>, SvPVx X<SvPVx>, SvPV_force
X<SvPV_force>, SvPV_force_nomg X<SvPV_force_nomg>, SvPV_nolen
X<SvPV_nolen>, SvPV_nomg X<SvPV_nomg>, SvPV_set X<SvPV_set>, SvREFCNT
X<SvREFCNT>, SvREFCNT_dec X<SvREFCNT_dec>, SvREFCNT_inc X<SvREFCNT_inc>,
SvREFCNT_inc_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_NN>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple
X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple>, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN>,
SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void>,
SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN X<SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN>,
SvREFCNT_inc_void X<SvREFCNT_inc_void>, SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN
X<SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN>, SvROK X<SvROK>, SvROK_off X<SvROK_off>, SvROK_on
X<SvROK_on>, SvRV X<SvRV>, SvRV_set X<SvRV_set>, SvSTASH X<SvSTASH>,
SvSTASH_set X<SvSTASH_set>, SvTAINT X<SvTAINT>, SvTAINTED X<SvTAINTED>,
SvTAINTED_off X<SvTAINTED_off>, SvTAINTED_on X<SvTAINTED_on>, SvTRUE
X<SvTRUE>, SvTYPE X<SvTYPE>, SvUOK X<SvUOK>, SvUPGRADE X<SvUPGRADE>, SvUTF8
X<SvUTF8>, SvUTF8_off X<SvUTF8_off>, SvUTF8_on X<SvUTF8_on>, SvUV X<SvUV>,
SvUVX X<SvUVX>, SvUVx X<SvUVx>, SvUV_nomg X<SvUV_nomg>, SvUV_set
X<SvUV_set>, SvVOK X<SvVOK>, sv_catpvn_nomg X<sv_catpvn_nomg>,
sv_catsv_nomg X<sv_catsv_nomg>, sv_derived_from X<sv_derived_from>, sv_does
X<sv_does>, sv_report_used X<sv_report_used>, sv_setsv_nomg
X<sv_setsv_nomg>

=item SV-Body Allocation