1 # -*- Mode: cperl; coding: utf-8; cperl-indent-level: 4 -*-
2 # vim: ts=4 sts=4 sw=4:
5 $CPAN::VERSION = '2.05';
6 $CPAN::VERSION =~ s/_//;
8 # we need to run chdir all over and we would get at wrong libraries
12 if (File::Spec->can("rel2abs")) {
14 $inc = File::Spec->rel2abs($inc) unless ref $inc;
19 use CPAN::HandleConfig;
25 use CPAN::Distribution;
26 use CPAN::Distrostatus;
28 use CPAN::Index 1.93; # https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=43349
35 use CPAN::DeferredCode;
37 use CPAN::LWP::UserAgent;
38 use CPAN::Exception::RecursiveDependency;
39 use CPAN::Exception::yaml_not_installed;
40 use CPAN::Exception::yaml_process_error;
47 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw(prompt); # for some unknown reason,
48 # 5.005_04 does not work without
50 use File::Basename ();
57 use Sys::Hostname qw(hostname);
58 use Text::ParseWords ();
61 # protect against "called too early"
68 require Mac::BuildTools if $^O eq 'MacOS';
69 if ($ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING} && $$ != $ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING}) {
70 $ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING_IN_RECURSION} ||= $ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING};
71 my @rec = _uniq split(/,/, $ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING_IN_RECURSION}), $$;
72 $ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING_IN_RECURSION} = join ",", @rec;
73 # warn "# Note: Recursive call of CPAN.pm detected\n";
74 my $w = sprintf "# Note: CPAN.pm is running in process %d now", pop @rec;
80 my $sleep = @rec > 7 ? 300 : ($sleep{scalar @rec}||0);
81 my $verbose = @rec >= 4;
83 $w .= sprintf " which has been called by process %d", pop @rec;
86 $w .= ".\n\n# Sleeping $sleep seconds to protect other processes\n";
93 printf "\r#%5d", --$sleep;
98 $ENV{PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING}=$$;
99 $ENV{PERL5_CPANPLUS_IS_RUNNING}=$$; # https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=23735
101 END { $CPAN::End++; &cleanup; }
104 $CPAN::Frontend ||= "CPAN::Shell";
105 unless (@CPAN::Defaultsites) {
106 @CPAN::Defaultsites = map {
107 CPAN::URL->new(TEXT => $_, FROM => "DEF")
109 "http://www.perl.org/CPAN/",
110 "ftp://ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/";
112 # $CPAN::iCwd (i for initial)
113 $CPAN::iCwd ||= CPAN::anycwd();
114 $CPAN::Perl ||= CPAN::find_perl();
115 $CPAN::Defaultdocs ||= "http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?";
116 $CPAN::Defaultrecent ||= "http://search.cpan.org/uploads.rdf";
117 $CPAN::Defaultrecent ||= "http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/htdocs/cpan.xml";
119 # our globals are getting a mess
145 @CPAN::ISA = qw(CPAN::Debug Exporter);
147 # note that these functions live in CPAN::Shell and get executed via
148 # AUTOLOAD when called directly
175 sub soft_chdir_with_alternatives ($);
178 $autoload_recursion ||= 0;
180 #-> sub CPAN::AUTOLOAD ;
181 sub AUTOLOAD { ## no critic
182 $autoload_recursion++;
186 warn "Refusing to autoload '$l' while signal pending";
187 $autoload_recursion--;
190 if ($autoload_recursion > 1) {
191 my $fullcommand = join " ", map { "'$_'" } $l, @_;
192 warn "Refusing to autoload $fullcommand in recursion\n";
193 $autoload_recursion--;
197 @export{@EXPORT} = '';
198 CPAN::HandleConfig->load unless $CPAN::Config_loaded++;
199 if (exists $export{$l}) {
202 die(qq{Unknown CPAN command "$AUTOLOAD". }.
203 qq{Type ? for help.\n});
205 $autoload_recursion--;
210 my $x = *SAVEOUT; # avoid warning
211 open($x,">&STDOUT") or die "dup failed";
217 while(defined($_=shift)) {
219 my ($m) = s/^>// ? ">" : "";
221 $_=shift unless length;
222 die "no dest" unless defined;
223 open(STDOUT,">$m$_") or die "open:$_:$!\n";
225 } elsif ( s/^\s*\|\s*// ) {
227 while(defined($_[0])){
228 $pipe .= ' ' . shift;
230 open(STDOUT,$pipe) or die "open:$pipe:$!\n";
239 return unless $redir;
241 ## redirect: unredirect and propagate errors. explicit close to wait for pipe.
243 open(STDOUT,">&SAVEOUT");
252 return grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @list;
255 #-> sub CPAN::shell ;
258 $Suppress_readline = ! -t STDIN unless defined $Suppress_readline;
259 CPAN::HandleConfig->load unless $CPAN::Config_loaded++;
261 my $oprompt = shift || CPAN::Prompt->new;
262 my $prompt = $oprompt;
263 my $commandline = shift || "";
264 $CPAN::CurrentCommandId ||= 1;
267 unless ($Suppress_readline) {
268 require Term::ReadLine;
271 $term->ReadLine eq "Term::ReadLine::Stub"
273 $term = Term::ReadLine->new('CPAN Monitor');
275 if ($term->ReadLine eq "Term::ReadLine::Gnu") {
276 my $attribs = $term->Attribs;
277 $attribs->{attempted_completion_function} = sub {
278 &CPAN::Complete::gnu_cpl;
281 $readline::rl_completion_function =
282 $readline::rl_completion_function = 'CPAN::Complete::cpl';
284 if (my $histfile = $CPAN::Config->{'histfile'}) {{
285 unless ($term->can("AddHistory")) {
286 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Terminal does not support AddHistory.\n");
289 $META->readhist($term,$histfile);
291 for ($CPAN::Config->{term_ornaments}) { # alias
292 local $Term::ReadLine::termcap_nowarn = 1;
293 $term->ornaments($_) if defined;
295 # $term->OUT is autoflushed anyway
296 my $odef = select STDERR;
304 my @cwd = grep { defined $_ and length $_ }
306 File::Spec->can("tmpdir") ? File::Spec->tmpdir() : (),
307 File::Spec->rootdir();
308 my $try_detect_readline;
309 $try_detect_readline = $term->ReadLine eq "Term::ReadLine::Stub" if $term;
310 unless ($CPAN::Config->{inhibit_startup_message}) {
311 my $rl_avail = $Suppress_readline ? "suppressed" :
312 ($term->ReadLine ne "Term::ReadLine::Stub") ? "enabled" :
313 "available (maybe install Bundle::CPAN or Bundle::CPANxxl?)";
314 $CPAN::Frontend->myprint(
316 cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v%s)
324 my($continuation) = "";
325 my $last_term_ornaments;
326 SHELLCOMMAND: while () {
327 if ($Suppress_readline) {
328 if ($Echo_readline) {
332 last SHELLCOMMAND unless defined ($_ = <> );
333 if ($Echo_readline) {
334 # backdoor: I could not find a way to record sessions
339 last SHELLCOMMAND unless
340 defined ($_ = $term->readline($prompt, $commandline));
342 $_ = "$continuation$_" if $continuation;
344 next SHELLCOMMAND if /^$/;
346 if (/^(?:q(?:uit)?|bye|exit)\s*$/i) {
356 CPAN::Eval; # hide from the indexer
358 use vars qw($import_done);
359 CPAN->import(':DEFAULT') unless $import_done++;
360 CPAN->debug("eval[$eval]") if $CPAN::DEBUG;
367 eval { @line = Text::ParseWords::shellwords($_) };
368 warn($@), next SHELLCOMMAND if $@;
369 warn("Text::Parsewords could not parse the line [$_]"),
370 next SHELLCOMMAND unless @line;
371 $CPAN::META->debug("line[".join("|",@line)."]") if $CPAN::DEBUG;
372 my $command = shift @line;
374 local (*STDOUT)=*STDOUT;
375 @line = _redirect(@line);
376 CPAN::Shell->$command(@line)
378 my $command_error = $@;
381 if ($command_error) {
382 my $err = $command_error;
383 if (ref $err and $err->isa('CPAN::Exception::blocked_urllist')) {
384 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Client not fully configured, please proceed with configuring.$err");
385 $reported_error = ref $err;
387 # I'd prefer never to arrive here and make all errors exception objects
391 my $dv = Dumpvalue->new(tick => '"');
392 Carp::cluck(sprintf "Catching error: %s", $dv->stringify($err));
403 # pragmas for classic commands
412 # only commands that tell us something about failed distros
413 # eval necessary for people without an urllist
414 eval {CPAN::Shell->failed($CPAN::CurrentCommandId,1);};
416 unless (ref $err and $reported_error eq ref $err) {
421 soft_chdir_with_alternatives(\@cwd);
422 $CPAN::Frontend->myprint("\n");
424 $CPAN::CurrentCommandId++;
428 $commandline = ""; # I do want to be able to pass a default to
429 # shell, but on the second command I see no
432 CPAN::Queue->nullify_queue;
433 if ($try_detect_readline) {
434 if ($CPAN::META->has_inst("Term::ReadLine::Gnu")
436 $CPAN::META->has_inst("Term::ReadLine::Perl")
438 delete $INC{"Term/ReadLine.pm"};
440 local($SIG{__WARN__}) = CPAN::Shell::paintdots_onreload(\$redef);
441 require Term::ReadLine;
442 $CPAN::Frontend->myprint("\n$redef subroutines in ".
443 "Term::ReadLine redefined\n");
447 if ($term and $term->can("ornaments")) {
448 for ($CPAN::Config->{term_ornaments}) { # alias
450 if (not defined $last_term_ornaments
451 or $_ != $last_term_ornaments
453 local $Term::ReadLine::termcap_nowarn = 1;
454 $term->ornaments($_);
455 $last_term_ornaments = $_;
458 undef $last_term_ornaments;
462 for my $class (qw(Module Distribution)) {
463 # again unsafe meta access?
464 for my $dm (keys %{$CPAN::META->{readwrite}{"CPAN::$class"}}) {
465 next unless $CPAN::META->{readwrite}{"CPAN::$class"}{$dm}{incommandcolor};
466 CPAN->debug("BUG: $class '$dm' was in command state, resetting");
467 delete $CPAN::META->{readwrite}{"CPAN::$class"}{$dm}{incommandcolor};
471 $GOTOSHELL = 0; # not too often
472 $META->savehist if $CPAN::term && $CPAN::term->can("GetHistory");
477 soft_chdir_with_alternatives(\@cwd);
480 #-> CPAN::soft_chdir_with_alternatives ;
481 sub soft_chdir_with_alternatives ($) {
484 my $root = File::Spec->rootdir();
485 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{Warning: no good directory to chdir to!
486 Trying '$root' as temporary haven.
491 if (chdir $cwd->[0]) {
495 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{Could not chdir to "$cwd->[0]": $!
496 Trying to chdir to "$cwd->[1]" instead.
500 $CPAN::Frontend->mydie(qq{Could not chdir to "$cwd->[0]": $!});
508 if ( $Config::Config{d_flock} || $Config::Config{d_fcntl_can_lock} ) {
509 return flock $fh, $mode;
510 } elsif (!$Have_warned->{"d_flock"}++) {
511 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Your OS does not seem to support locking; continuing and ignoring all locking issues\n");
512 $CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(5);
519 sub _yaml_module () {
520 my $yaml_module = $CPAN::Config->{yaml_module} || "YAML";
522 $yaml_module ne "YAML"
524 !$CPAN::META->has_inst($yaml_module)
526 # $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("'$yaml_module' not installed, falling back to 'YAML'\n");
527 $yaml_module = "YAML";
529 if ($yaml_module eq "YAML"
531 $CPAN::META->has_inst($yaml_module)
533 $YAML::VERSION < 0.60
535 !$Have_warned->{"YAML"}++
537 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Warning: YAML version '$YAML::VERSION' is too low, please upgrade!\n".
538 "I'll continue but problems are *very* likely to happen.\n"
540 $CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(5);
545 # CPAN::_yaml_loadfile
547 my($self,$local_file) = @_;
548 return +[] unless -s $local_file;
549 my $yaml_module = _yaml_module;
550 if ($CPAN::META->has_inst($yaml_module)) {
551 # temporarily enable yaml code deserialisation
553 # 5.6.2 could not do the local() with the reference
554 # so we do it manually instead
555 my $old_loadcode = ${"$yaml_module\::LoadCode"};
556 ${ "$yaml_module\::LoadCode" } = $CPAN::Config->{yaml_load_code} || 0;
559 if ($code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "LoadFile")) {
560 eval { @yaml = $code->($local_file); };
562 # this shall not be done by the frontend
563 die CPAN::Exception::yaml_process_error->new($yaml_module,$local_file,"parse",$@);
565 } elsif ($code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "Load")) {
567 open FH, $local_file or die "Could not open '$local_file': $!";
570 eval { @yaml = $code->($ystream); };
572 # this shall not be done by the frontend
573 die CPAN::Exception::yaml_process_error->new($yaml_module,$local_file,"parse",$@);
576 ${"$yaml_module\::LoadCode"} = $old_loadcode;
579 # this shall not be done by the frontend
580 die CPAN::Exception::yaml_not_installed->new($yaml_module, $local_file, "parse");
585 # CPAN::_yaml_dumpfile
587 my($self,$local_file,@what) = @_;
588 my $yaml_module = _yaml_module;
589 if ($CPAN::META->has_inst($yaml_module)) {
591 if (UNIVERSAL::isa($local_file, "FileHandle")) {
592 $code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "Dump");
593 eval { print $local_file $code->(@what) };
594 } elsif ($code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "DumpFile")) {
595 eval { $code->($local_file,@what); };
596 } elsif ($code = UNIVERSAL::can($yaml_module, "Dump")) {
598 open FH, ">$local_file" or die "Could not open '$local_file': $!";
599 print FH $code->(@what);
602 die CPAN::Exception::yaml_process_error->new($yaml_module,$local_file,"dump",$@);
605 if (UNIVERSAL::isa($local_file, "FileHandle")) {
606 # I think this case does not justify a warning at all
608 die CPAN::Exception::yaml_not_installed->new($yaml_module, $local_file, "dump");
613 sub _init_sqlite () {
614 unless ($CPAN::META->has_inst("CPAN::SQLite")) {
615 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{CPAN::SQLite not installed, trying to work without\n})
616 unless $Have_warned->{"CPAN::SQLite"}++;
619 require CPAN::SQLite::META; # not needed since CVS version of 2006-12-17
620 $CPAN::SQLite ||= CPAN::SQLite::META->new($CPAN::META);
624 my $negative_cache = {};
625 sub _sqlite_running {
626 if ($negative_cache->{time} && time < $negative_cache->{time} + 60) {
627 # need to cache the result, otherwise too slow
628 return $negative_cache->{fact};
630 $negative_cache = {}; # reset
632 my $ret = $CPAN::Config->{use_sqlite} && ($CPAN::SQLite || _init_sqlite());
633 return $ret if $ret; # fast anyway
634 $negative_cache->{time} = time;
635 return $negative_cache->{fact} = $ret;
639 $META ||= CPAN->new; # In case we re-eval ourselves we need the ||
641 # from here on only subs.
642 ################################################################################
644 sub _perl_fingerprint {
645 my($self,$other_fingerprint) = @_;
646 my $dll = eval {OS2::DLLname()};
649 $mtime_dll = (-f $dll ? (stat(_))[9] : '-1');
651 my $mtime_perl = (-f CPAN::find_perl ? (stat(_))[9] : '-1');
652 my $this_fingerprint = {
653 '$^X' => CPAN::find_perl,
654 sitearchexp => $Config::Config{sitearchexp},
655 'mtime_$^X' => $mtime_perl,
656 'mtime_dll' => $mtime_dll,
658 if ($other_fingerprint) {
659 if (exists $other_fingerprint->{'stat($^X)'}) { # repair fp from rev. 1.88_57
660 $other_fingerprint->{'mtime_$^X'} = $other_fingerprint->{'stat($^X)'}[9];
662 # mandatory keys since 1.88_57
663 for my $key (qw($^X sitearchexp mtime_dll mtime_$^X)) {
664 return unless $other_fingerprint->{$key} eq $this_fingerprint->{$key};
668 return $this_fingerprint;
672 sub suggest_myconfig () {
673 SUGGEST_MYCONFIG: if(!$INC{'CPAN/MyConfig.pm'}) {
674 $CPAN::Frontend->myprint("You don't seem to have a user ".
675 "configuration (MyConfig.pm) yet.\n");
676 my $new = CPAN::Shell::colorable_makemaker_prompt("Do you want to create a ".
677 "user configuration now? (Y/n)",
680 CPAN::Shell->mkmyconfig();
683 $CPAN::Frontend->mydie("OK, giving up.");
688 #-> sub CPAN::all_objects ;
690 my($mgr,$class) = @_;
691 CPAN::HandleConfig->load unless $CPAN::Config_loaded++;
692 CPAN->debug("mgr[$mgr] class[$class]") if $CPAN::DEBUG;
694 values %{ $META->{readwrite}{$class} }; # unsafe meta access, ok
697 # Called by shell, not in batch mode. In batch mode I see no risk in
698 # having many processes updating something as installations are
699 # continually checked at runtime. In shell mode I suspect it is
700 # unintentional to open more than one shell at a time
702 #-> sub CPAN::checklock ;
705 my $lockfile = File::Spec->catfile($CPAN::Config->{cpan_home},".lock");
706 if (-f $lockfile && -M _ > 0) {
707 my $fh = FileHandle->new($lockfile) or
708 $CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Could not open lockfile '$lockfile': $!");
709 my $otherpid = <$fh>;
710 my $otherhost = <$fh>;
712 if (defined $otherpid && $otherpid) {
715 if (defined $otherhost && $otherhost) {
718 my $thishost = hostname();
719 if (defined $otherhost && defined $thishost &&
720 $otherhost ne '' && $thishost ne '' &&
721 $otherhost ne $thishost) {
722 $CPAN::Frontend->mydie(sprintf("CPAN.pm panic: Lockfile '$lockfile'\n".
723 "reports other host $otherhost and other ".
724 "process $otherpid.\n".
725 "Cannot proceed.\n"));
726 } elsif ($RUN_DEGRADED) {
727 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Running in downgraded mode (experimental)\n");
728 } elsif (defined $otherpid && $otherpid) {
729 return if $$ == $otherpid; # should never happen
730 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(
732 There seems to be running another CPAN process (pid $otherpid). Contacting...
734 if (kill 0, $otherpid or $!{EPERM}) {
735 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{Other job is running.\n});
737 CPAN::Shell::colorable_makemaker_prompt
738 (qq{Shall I try to run in downgraded }.
739 qq{mode? (Y/n)},"y");
741 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Running in downgraded mode (experimental).
742 Please report if something unexpected happens\n");
744 for ($CPAN::Config) {
746 # $_->{build_dir_reuse} = 0; # 2006-11-17 akoenig Why was that?
747 $_->{commandnumber_in_prompt} = 0; # visibility
748 $_->{histfile} = ""; # who should win otherwise?
749 $_->{cache_metadata} = 0; # better would be a lock?
750 $_->{use_sqlite} = 0; # better would be a write lock!
751 $_->{auto_commit} = 0; # we are violent, do not persist
752 $_->{test_report} = 0; # Oliver Paukstadt had sent wrong reports in degraded mode
755 $CPAN::Frontend->mydie("
756 You may want to kill the other job and delete the lockfile. On UNIX try:
761 } elsif (-w $lockfile) {
763 CPAN::Shell::colorable_makemaker_prompt
764 (qq{Other job not responding. Shall I overwrite }.
765 qq{the lockfile '$lockfile'? (Y/n)},"y");
766 $CPAN::Frontend->myexit("Ok, bye\n")
767 unless $ans =~ /^y/i;
770 qq{Lockfile '$lockfile' not writable by you. }.
771 qq{Cannot proceed.\n}.
773 qq{ rm '$lockfile'\n}.
774 qq{ and then rerun us.\n}
778 $CPAN::Frontend->mydie(sprintf("CPAN.pm panic: Found invalid lockfile ".
779 "'$lockfile', please remove. Cannot proceed.\n"));
782 my $dotcpan = $CPAN::Config->{cpan_home};
783 eval { File::Path::mkpath($dotcpan);};
785 # A special case at least for Jarkko.
790 $symlinkcpan = readlink $dotcpan;
791 die "readlink $dotcpan failed: $!" unless defined $symlinkcpan;
792 eval { File::Path::mkpath($symlinkcpan); };
796 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
797 Working directory $symlinkcpan created.
801 unless (-d $dotcpan) {
803 Your configuration suggests "$dotcpan" as your
804 CPAN.pm working directory. I could not create this directory due
805 to this error: $firsterror\n};
807 As "$dotcpan" is a symlink to "$symlinkcpan",
808 I tried to create that, but I failed with this error: $seconderror
811 Please make sure the directory exists and is writable.
813 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($mess);
814 return suggest_myconfig;
816 } # $@ after eval mkpath $dotcpan
817 if (0) { # to test what happens when a race condition occurs
818 for (reverse 1..10) {
824 if (!$RUN_DEGRADED && !$self->{LOCKFH}) {
826 unless ($fh = FileHandle->new("+>>$lockfile")) {
827 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
829 Your configuration suggests that CPAN.pm should use a working
831 $CPAN::Config->{cpan_home}
832 Unfortunately we could not create the lock file
836 Please make sure that the configuration variable
837 \$CPAN::Config->{cpan_home}
838 points to a directory where you can write a .lock file. You can set
839 this variable in either a CPAN/MyConfig.pm or a CPAN/Config.pm in your
842 return suggest_myconfig;
845 while (!CPAN::_flock($fh, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB)) {
847 $CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Giving up\n");
849 $CPAN::Frontend->mysleep($sleep++);
850 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Could not lock lockfile with flock: $!; retrying\n");
856 $fh->print($$, "\n");
857 $fh->print(hostname(), "\n");
858 $self->{LOCK} = $lockfile;
859 $self->{LOCKFH} = $fh;
864 $CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Got SIG$sig, leaving");
870 die "Got yet another signal" if $Signal > 1;
871 $CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Got another SIG$sig") if $Signal;
872 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Caught SIG$sig, trying to continue\n");
876 # From: Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>
877 # Subject: Re: deprecating SIGDIE
878 # To: perl5-porters@perl.org
879 # Date: Thu, 30 Sep 1999 14:58:40 -0700 (PDT)
881 # The original intent of __DIE__ was only to allow you to substitute one
882 # kind of death for another on an application-wide basis without respect
883 # to whether you were in an eval or not. As a global backstop, it should
884 # not be used any more lightly (or any more heavily :-) than class
885 # UNIVERSAL. Any attempt to build a general exception model on it should
886 # be politely squashed. Any bug that causes every eval {} to have to be
887 # modified should be not so politely squashed.
889 # Those are my current opinions. It is also my opinion that polite
890 # arguments degenerate to personal arguments far too frequently, and that
891 # when they do, it's because both people wanted it to, or at least didn't
892 # sufficiently want it not to.
896 # global backstop to cleanup if we should really die
897 $SIG{__DIE__} = \&cleanup;
898 $self->debug("Signal handler set.") if $CPAN::DEBUG;
901 #-> sub CPAN::DESTROY ;
903 &cleanup; # need an eval?
906 #-> sub CPAN::anycwd ;
909 $getcwd = $CPAN::Config->{'getcwd'} || 'cwd';
914 sub cwd {Cwd::cwd();}
916 #-> sub CPAN::getcwd ;
917 sub getcwd {Cwd::getcwd();}
919 #-> sub CPAN::fastcwd ;
920 sub fastcwd {Cwd::fastcwd();}
922 #-> sub CPAN::backtickcwd ;
923 sub backtickcwd {my $cwd = `cwd`; chomp $cwd; $cwd}
925 # Adapted from Probe::Perl
926 #-> sub CPAN::_perl_is_same
929 return MM->maybe_command($perl)
930 && `$perl -MConfig=myconfig -e print -e myconfig` eq Config->myconfig;
933 # Adapted in part from Probe::Perl
934 #-> sub CPAN::find_perl ;
936 if ( File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($^X) ) {
940 my $exe = $Config::Config{exe_ext};
942 File::Spec->catfile($CPAN::iCwd,$^X),
943 $Config::Config{'perlpath'},
945 for my $perl_name ($^X, 'perl', 'perl5', "perl$]") {
946 for my $path (File::Spec->path(), $Config::Config{'binexp'}) {
947 if ( defined($path) && length $path && -d $path ) {
948 my $perl = File::Spec->catfile($path,$perl_name);
949 push @candidates, $perl;
950 # try with extension if not provided already
952 # VMS might have a file version at the end
953 push @candidates, $perl . $exe
954 unless $perl =~ m/$exe(;\d+)?$/i;
955 } elsif (defined $exe && length $exe) {
956 push @candidates, $perl . $exe
957 unless $perl =~ m/$exe$/i;
962 for my $perl ( @candidates ) {
963 if (MM->maybe_command($perl) && _perl_is_same($perl)) {
969 return $^X; # default fall back
972 #-> sub CPAN::exists ;
974 my($mgr,$class,$id) = @_;
975 CPAN::HandleConfig->load unless $CPAN::Config_loaded++;
977 ### Carp::croak "exists called without class argument" unless $class;
979 $id =~ s/:+/::/g if $class eq "CPAN::Module";
981 if (CPAN::_sqlite_running) {
982 $exists = (exists $META->{readonly}{$class}{$id} or
983 $CPAN::SQLite->set($class, $id));
985 $exists = exists $META->{readonly}{$class}{$id};
987 $exists ||= exists $META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id}; # unsafe meta access, ok
990 #-> sub CPAN::delete ;
992 my($mgr,$class,$id) = @_;
993 delete $META->{readonly}{$class}{$id}; # unsafe meta access, ok
994 delete $META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id}; # unsafe meta access, ok
997 #-> sub CPAN::has_usable
998 # has_inst is sometimes too optimistic, we should replace it with this
999 # has_usable whenever a case is given
1001 my($self,$mod,$message) = @_;
1002 return 1 if $HAS_USABLE->{$mod};
1003 my $has_inst = $self->has_inst($mod,$message);
1004 return unless $has_inst;
1009 # these subroutines die if they believe the installed version is unusable;
1014 unless (CPAN::Version->vge(CPAN::Meta->VERSION, 2.110350)) {
1015 for ("Will not use CPAN::Meta, need version 2.110350\n") {
1016 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($_);
1023 LWP => [ # we frequently had "Can't locate object
1024 # method "new" via package "LWP::UserAgent" at
1025 # (eval 69) line 2006
1027 sub {require LWP::UserAgent},
1028 sub {require HTTP::Request},
1029 sub {require URI::URL;
1030 unless (CPAN::Version->vge(URI::URL::->VERSION,0.08)) {
1031 for ("Will not use URI::URL, need 0.08\n") {
1032 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($_);
1039 sub {require Net::FTP},
1040 sub {require Net::Config},
1045 unless (CPAN::Version->vge(HTTP::Tiny->VERSION, 0.005)) {
1046 for ("Will not use HTTP::Tiny, need version 0.005\n") {
1047 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($_);
1053 'File::HomeDir' => [
1054 sub {require File::HomeDir;
1055 unless (CPAN::Version->vge(File::HomeDir::->VERSION, 0.52)) {
1056 for ("Will not use File::HomeDir, need 0.52\n") {
1057 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($_);
1064 sub {require Archive::Tar;
1065 my $demand = "1.50";
1066 unless (CPAN::Version->vge(Archive::Tar::->VERSION, $demand)) {
1067 my $atv = Archive::Tar->VERSION;
1068 for ("You have Archive::Tar $atv, but $demand or later is recommended. Please upgrade.\n") {
1069 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($_);
1070 # don't die, because we may need
1071 # Archive::Tar to upgrade
1078 # XXX we should probably delete from
1079 # %INC too so we can load after we
1080 # installed a new enough version --
1082 sub {require File::Temp;
1083 unless (CPAN::Version->vge(File::Temp::->VERSION,0.16)) {
1084 for ("Will not use File::Temp, need 0.16\n") {
1085 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn($_);
1092 if ($usable->{$mod}) {
1093 for my $c (0..$#{$usable->{$mod}}) {
1094 my $code = $usable->{$mod}[$c];
1095 my $ret = eval { &$code() };
1096 $ret = "" unless defined $ret;
1098 # warn "DEBUG: c[$c]\$\@[$@]ret[$ret]";
1103 return $HAS_USABLE->{$mod} = 1;
1106 #-> sub CPAN::has_inst
1108 my($self,$mod,$message) = @_;
1109 Carp::croak("CPAN->has_inst() called without an argument")
1110 unless defined $mod;
1111 my %dont = map { $_ => 1 } keys %{$CPAN::META->{dontload_hash}||{}},
1112 keys %{$CPAN::Config->{dontload_hash}||{}},
1113 @{$CPAN::Config->{dontload_list}||[]};
1114 if (defined $message && $message eq "no" # as far as I remember only used by Nox
1118 $CPAN::META->{dontload_hash}{$mod}||=1; # unsafe meta access, ok
1126 # checking %INC is wrong, because $INC{LWP} may be true
1127 # although $INC{"URI/URL.pm"} may have failed. But as
1128 # I really want to say "blah loaded OK", I have to somehow
1130 ### warn "$file in %INC"; #debug
1132 } elsif (eval { require $file }) {
1133 # eval is good: if we haven't yet read the database it's
1134 # perfect and if we have installed the module in the meantime,
1135 # it tries again. The second require is only a NOOP returning
1136 # 1 if we had success, otherwise it's retrying
1138 my $mtime = (stat $INC{$file})[9];
1139 # privileged files loaded by has_inst; Note: we use $mtime
1140 # as a proxy for a checksum.
1141 $CPAN::Shell::reload->{$file} = $mtime;
1142 my $v = eval "\$$mod\::VERSION";
1143 $v = $v ? " (v$v)" : "";
1144 CPAN::Shell->optprint("load_module","CPAN: $mod loaded ok$v\n");
1145 if ($mod eq "CPAN::WAIT") {
1146 push @CPAN::Shell::ISA, 'CPAN::WAIT';
1149 } elsif ($mod eq "Net::FTP") {
1150 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
1151 Please, install Net::FTP as soon as possible. CPAN.pm installs it for you
1153 install Bundle::libnet
1155 }) unless $Have_warned->{"Net::FTP"}++;
1156 $CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(3);
1157 } elsif ($mod eq "Digest::SHA") {
1158 if ($Have_warned->{"Digest::SHA"}++) {
1159 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{CPAN: checksum security checks disabled }.
1160 qq{because Digest::SHA not installed.\n});
1162 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
1163 CPAN: checksum security checks disabled because Digest::SHA not installed.
1164 Please consider installing the Digest::SHA module.
1167 $CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(2);
1169 } elsif ($mod eq "Module::Signature") {
1170 # NOT prefs_lookup, we are not a distro
1171 my $check_sigs = $CPAN::Config->{check_sigs};
1172 if (not $check_sigs) {
1173 # they do not want us:-(
1174 } elsif (not $Have_warned->{"Module::Signature"}++) {
1175 # No point in complaining unless the user can
1176 # reasonably install and use it.
1177 if (eval { require Crypt::OpenPGP; 1 } ||
1179 defined $CPAN::Config->{'gpg'}
1181 $CPAN::Config->{'gpg'} =~ /\S/
1184 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(qq{
1185 CPAN: Module::Signature security checks disabled because Module::Signature
1186 not installed. Please consider installing the Module::Signature module.
1187 You may also need to be able to connect over the Internet to the public
1188 key servers like pool.sks-keyservers.net or pgp.mit.edu.
1191 $CPAN::Frontend->mysleep(2);
1195 delete $INC{$file}; # if it inc'd LWP but failed during, say, URI
1200 #-> sub CPAN::instance ;
1202 my($mgr,$class,$id) = @_;
1203 CPAN::Index->reload;
1205 # unsafe meta access, ok?
1206 return $META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id} if exists $META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id};
1207 $META->{readwrite}{$class}{$id} ||= $class->new(ID => $id);
1215 #-> sub CPAN::_exit_messages ;
1216 sub _exit_messages {
1218 $self->{exit_messages} ||= [];
1221 #-> sub CPAN::cleanup ;
1223 # warn "cleanup called with arg[@_] End[$CPAN::End] Signal[$Signal]";
1224 local $SIG{__DIE__} = '';
1229 while ((undef,undef,undef,$subroutine) = caller(++$i)) {
1230 $ineval = 1, last if
1231 $subroutine eq '(eval)';
1233 return if $ineval && !$CPAN::End;
1234 return unless defined $META->{LOCK};
1235 return unless -f $META->{LOCK};
1237 $META->{cachemgr} ||= CPAN::CacheMgr->new('atexit');
1238 close $META->{LOCKFH};
1239 unlink $META->{LOCK};
1241 # Carp::cluck("DEBUGGING");
1242 if ( $CPAN::CONFIG_DIRTY ) {
1243 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Warning: Configuration not saved.\n");
1245 $CPAN::Frontend->myprint("Lockfile removed.\n");
1246 for my $msg ( @{ $META->_exit_messages } ) {
1247 $CPAN::Frontend->myprint($msg);
1251 #-> sub CPAN::readhist
1253 my($self,$term,$histfile) = @_;
1254 my $histsize = $CPAN::Config->{'histsize'} || 100;
1255 $term->Attribs->{'MaxHistorySize'} = $histsize if (defined($term->Attribs->{'MaxHistorySize'}));
1256 my($fh) = FileHandle->new;
1257 open $fh, "<$histfile" or return;
1261 $term->AddHistory($_);
1266 #-> sub CPAN::savehist
1269 my($histfile,$histsize);
1270 unless ($histfile = $CPAN::Config->{'histfile'}) {
1271 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("No history written (no histfile specified).\n");
1274 $histsize = $CPAN::Config->{'histsize'} || 100;
1276 unless ($CPAN::term->can("GetHistory")) {
1277 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Terminal does not support GetHistory.\n");
1283 my @h = $CPAN::term->GetHistory;
1284 splice @h, 0, @h-$histsize if @h>$histsize;
1285 my($fh) = FileHandle->new;
1286 open $fh, ">$histfile" or $CPAN::Frontend->mydie("Couldn't open >$histfile: $!");
1287 local $\ = local $, = "\n";
1292 #-> sub CPAN::is_tested
1294 my($self,$what,$when) = @_;
1296 Carp::cluck("DEBUG: empty what");
1299 $self->{is_tested}{$what} = $when;
1302 #-> sub CPAN::reset_tested
1303 # forget all distributions tested -- resets what gets included in PERL5LIB
1306 $self->{is_tested} = {};
1309 #-> sub CPAN::is_installed
1310 # unsets the is_tested flag: as soon as the thing is installed, it is
1311 # not needed in set_perl5lib anymore
1313 my($self,$what) = @_;
1314 delete $self->{is_tested}{$what};
1317 sub _list_sorted_descending_is_tested {
1321 { ($self->{is_tested}{$b}||0) <=> ($self->{is_tested}{$a}||0) }
1323 { if ($foul){ 0 } elsif (-e) { 1 } else { $foul = $_; 0 } }
1324 keys %{$self->{is_tested}};
1326 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn("Lost build_dir detected ($foul), giving up all cached test results of currently running session.\n");
1327 for my $dbd (keys %{$self->{is_tested}}) { # distro-build-dir
1328 SEARCH: for my $d ($CPAN::META->all_objects("CPAN::Distribution")) {
1329 if ($d->{build_dir} && $d->{build_dir} eq $dbd) {
1330 $CPAN::Frontend->mywarn(sprintf "Flushing cache for %s\n", $d->pretty_id);
1335 delete $self->{is_tested}{$dbd};
1343 #-> sub CPAN::set_perl5lib
1344 # Notes on max environment variable length:
1345 # - Win32 : XP or later, 8191; Win2000 or NT4, 2047
1349 my($self,$for) = @_;
1351 (undef,undef,undef,$for) = caller(1);
1354 $self->{is_tested} ||= {};
1355 return unless %{$self->{is_tested}};
1356 my $env = $ENV{PERL5LIB};
1357 $env = $ENV{PERLLIB} unless defined $env;
1359 push @env, split /\Q$Config::Config{path_sep}\E/, $env if defined $env and length $env;
1360 #my @dirs = map {("$_/blib/arch", "$_/blib/lib")} keys %{$self->{is_tested}};
1361 #$CPAN::Frontend->myprint("Prepending @dirs to PERL5LIB.\n");
1363 my @dirs = map {("$_/blib/arch", "$_/blib/lib")} $self->_list_sorted_descending_is_tested;
1367 $CPAN::Frontend->optprint('perl5lib', "Prepending @dirs to PERL5LIB for '$for'\n");
1368 $ENV{PERL5LIB} = join $Config::Config{path_sep}, @dirs, @env;
1369 } elsif (@dirs < 24 ) {
1370 my @d = map {my $cp = $_;
1371 $cp =~ s/^\Q$CPAN::Config->{build_dir}\E/%BUILDDIR%/;
1374 $CPAN::Frontend->optprint('perl5lib', "Prepending @d to PERL5LIB; ".
1375 "%BUILDDIR%=$CPAN::Config->{build_dir} ".
1378 $ENV{PERL5LIB} = join $Config::Config{path_sep}, @dirs, @env;
1380 my $cnt = keys %{$self->{is_tested}};
1381 $CPAN::Frontend->optprint('perl5lib', "Prepending blib/arch and blib/lib of ".
1382 "$cnt build dirs to PERL5LIB; ".
1385 $ENV{PERL5LIB} = join $Config::Config{path_sep}, @dirs, @env;
1397 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
1403 perl -MCPAN -e shell
1413 cpan> install Acme::Meta # in the shell
1415 CPAN::Shell->install("Acme::Meta"); # in perl
1419 cpan> install NWCLARK/Acme-Meta-0.02.tar.gz # in the shell
1422 install("NWCLARK/Acme-Meta-0.02.tar.gz"); # in perl
1426 $mo = CPAN::Shell->expandany($mod);
1427 $mo = CPAN::Shell->expand("Module",$mod); # same thing
1429 # distribution objects:
1431 $do = CPAN::Shell->expand("Module",$mod)->distribution;
1432 $do = CPAN::Shell->expandany($distro); # same thing
1433 $do = CPAN::Shell->expand("Distribution",
1434 $distro); # same thing
1438 The CPAN module automates or at least simplifies the make and install
1439 of perl modules and extensions. It includes some primitive searching
1440 capabilities and knows how to use LWP, HTTP::Tiny, Net::FTP and certain
1441 external download clients to fetch distributions from the net.
1443 These are fetched from one or more mirrored CPAN (Comprehensive
1444 Perl Archive Network) sites and unpacked in a dedicated directory.
1446 The CPAN module also supports named and versioned
1447 I<bundles> of modules. Bundles simplify handling of sets of
1448 related modules. See Bundles below.
1450 The package contains a session manager and a cache manager. The
1451 session manager keeps track of what has been fetched, built, and
1452 installed in the current session. The cache manager keeps track of the
1453 disk space occupied by the make processes and deletes excess space
1454 using a simple FIFO mechanism.
1456 All methods provided are accessible in a programmer style and in an
1457 interactive shell style.
1459 =head2 CPAN::shell([$prompt, $command]) Starting Interactive Mode
1461 Enter interactive mode by running
1463 perl -MCPAN -e shell
1469 which puts you into a readline interface. If C<Term::ReadKey> and
1470 either of C<Term::ReadLine::Perl> or C<Term::ReadLine::Gnu> are installed,
1471 history and command completion are supported.
1473 Once at the command line, type C<h> for one-page help
1474 screen; the rest should be self-explanatory.
1476 The function call C<shell> takes two optional arguments: one the
1477 prompt, the second the default initial command line (the latter
1478 only works if a real ReadLine interface module is installed).
1480 The most common uses of the interactive modes are
1484 =item Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules
1486 There are corresponding one-letter commands C<a>, C<b>, C<d>, and C<m>
1487 for each of the four categories and another, C<i> for any of the
1488 mentioned four. Each of the four entities is implemented as a class
1489 with slightly differing methods for displaying an object.
1491 Arguments to these commands are either strings exactly matching
1492 the identification string of an object, or regular expressions
1493 matched case-insensitively against various attributes of the
1494 objects. The parser only recognizes a regular expression when you
1495 enclose it with slashes.
1497 The principle is that the number of objects found influences how an
1498 item is displayed. If the search finds one item, the result is
1499 displayed with the rather verbose method C<as_string>, but if
1500 more than one is found, each object is displayed with the terse method
1505 cpan> m Acme::MetaSyntactic
1506 Module id = Acme::MetaSyntactic
1507 CPAN_USERID BOOK (Philippe Bruhat (BooK) <[...]>)
1509 CPAN_FILE B/BO/BOOK/Acme-MetaSyntactic-0.99.tar.gz
1510 UPLOAD_DATE 2006-11-06
1511 MANPAGE Acme::MetaSyntactic - Themed metasyntactic variables names
1512 INST_FILE /usr/local/lib/perl/5.10.0/Acme/MetaSyntactic.pm
1517 FULLNAME Philippe Bruhat (BooK)
1518 cpan> d BOOK/Acme-MetaSyntactic-0.99.tar.gz
1519 Distribution id = B/BO/BOOK/Acme-MetaSyntactic-0.99.tar.gz
1520 CPAN_USERID BOOK (Philippe Bruhat (BooK) <[...]>)
1521 CONTAINSMODS Acme::MetaSyntactic Acme::MetaSyntactic::Alias [...]
1522 UPLOAD_DATE 2006-11-06
1524 Module = Acme::MetaSyntactic::loremipsum (BOOK/Acme-MetaSyntactic-0.99.tar.gz)
1525 Module Text::Lorem (ADEOLA/Text-Lorem-0.3.tar.gz)
1526 Module Text::Lorem::More (RKRIMEN/Text-Lorem-More-0.12.tar.gz)
1527 Module Text::Lorem::More::Source (RKRIMEN/Text-Lorem-More-0.12.tar.gz)
1529 Distribution BEATNIK/Filter-NumberLines-0.02.tar.gz
1530 Module = DateTime::TimeZone::Europe::Berlin (DROLSKY/DateTime-TimeZone-0.7904.tar.gz)
1531 Module Filter::NumberLines (BEATNIK/Filter-NumberLines-0.02.tar.gz)
1534 The examples illustrate several aspects: the first three queries
1535 target modules, authors, or distros directly and yield exactly one
1536 result. The last two use regular expressions and yield several
1537 results. The last one targets all of bundles, modules, authors, and
1538 distros simultaneously. When more than one result is available, they
1539 are printed in one-line format.
1541 =item C<get>, C<make>, C<test>, C<install>, C<clean> modules or distributions
1543 These commands take any number of arguments and investigate what is
1544 necessary to perform the action. Argument processing is as follows:
1546 known module name in format Foo/Bar.pm module
1547 other embedded slash distribution
1548 - with trailing slash dot directory
1549 enclosing slashes regexp
1550 known module name in format Foo::Bar module
1552 If the argument is a distribution file name (recognized by embedded
1553 slashes), it is processed. If it is a module, CPAN determines the
1554 distribution file in which this module is included and processes that,
1555 following any dependencies named in the module's META.yml or
1556 Makefile.PL (this behavior is controlled by the configuration
1557 parameter C<prerequisites_policy>). If an argument is enclosed in
1558 slashes it is treated as a regular expression: it is expanded and if
1559 the result is a single object (distribution, bundle or module), this
1560 object is processed.
1564 install Dummy::Perl # installs the module
1565 install AUXXX/Dummy-Perl-3.14.tar.gz # installs that distribution
1566 install /Dummy-Perl-3.14/ # same if the regexp is unambiguous
1568 C<get> downloads a distribution file and untars or unzips it, C<make>
1569 builds it, C<test> runs the test suite, and C<install> installs it.
1571 Any C<make> or C<test> is run unconditionally. An
1573 install <distribution_file>
1575 is also run unconditionally. But for
1579 CPAN checks whether an install is needed and prints
1580 I<module up to date> if the distribution file containing
1581 the module doesn't need updating.
1583 CPAN also keeps track of what it has done within the current session
1584 and doesn't try to build a package a second time regardless of whether it
1585 succeeded or not. It does not repeat a test run if the test
1586 has been run successfully before. Same for install runs.
1588 The C<force> pragma may precede another command (currently: C<get>,
1589 C<make>, C<test>, or C<install>) to execute the command from scratch
1590 and attempt to continue past certain errors. See the section below on
1591 the C<force> and the C<fforce> pragma.
1593 The C<notest> pragma skips the test part in the build
1598 cpan> notest install Tk
1600 A C<clean> command results in a
1604 being executed within the distribution file's working directory.
1606 =item C<readme>, C<perldoc>, C<look> module or distribution
1608 C<readme> displays the README file of the associated distribution.
1609 C<Look> gets and untars (if not yet done) the distribution file,
1610 changes to the appropriate directory and opens a subshell process in
1611 that directory. C<perldoc> displays the module's pod documentation
1612 in html or plain text format.
1616 =item C<ls> globbing_expression
1618 The first form lists all distribution files in and below an author's
1619 CPAN directory as stored in the CHECKUMS files distributed on
1620 CPAN. The listing recurses into subdirectories.
1622 The second form limits or expands the output with shell
1623 globbing as in the following examples:
1629 The last example is very slow and outputs extra progress indicators
1630 that break the alignment of the result.
1632 Note that globbing only lists directories explicitly asked for, for
1633 example FOO/* will not list FOO/bar/Acme-Sthg-n.nn.tar.gz. This may be
1634 regarded as a bug that may be changed in some future version.
1638 The C<failed> command reports all distributions that failed on one of
1639 C<make>, C<test> or C<install> for some reason in the currently
1640 running shell session.
1642 =item Persistence between sessions
1644 If the C<YAML> or the C<YAML::Syck> module is installed a record of
1645 the internal state of all modules is written to disk after each step.
1646 The files contain a signature of the currently running perl version
1649 If the configurations variable C<build_dir_reuse> is set to a true
1650 value, then CPAN.pm reads the collected YAML files. If the stored
1651 signature matches the currently running perl, the stored state is
1652 loaded into memory such that persistence between sessions
1653 is effectively established.
1655 =item The C<force> and the C<fforce> pragma
1657 To speed things up in complex installation scenarios, CPAN.pm keeps
1658 track of what it has already done and refuses to do some things a
1659 second time. A C<get>, a C<make>, and an C<install> are not repeated.
1660 A C<test> is repeated only if the previous test was unsuccessful. The
1661 diagnostic message when CPAN.pm refuses to do something a second time
1662 is one of I<Has already been >C<unwrapped|made|tested successfully> or
1663 something similar. Another situation where CPAN refuses to act is an
1664 C<install> if the corresponding C<test> was not successful.
1666 In all these cases, the user can override this stubborn behaviour by
1667 prepending the command with the word force, for example:
1670 cpan> force make AUTHOR/Bar-3.14.tar.gz
1671 cpan> force test Baz
1672 cpan> force install Acme::Meta
1674 Each I<forced> command is executed with the corresponding part of its
1677 The C<fforce> pragma is a variant that emulates a C<force get> which
1678 erases the entire memory followed by the action specified, effectively
1679 restarting the whole get/make/test/install procedure from scratch.
1683 Interactive sessions maintain a lockfile, by default C<~/.cpan/.lock>.
1684 Batch jobs can run without a lockfile and not disturb each other.
1686 The shell offers to run in I<downgraded mode> when another process is
1687 holding the lockfile. This is an experimental feature that is not yet
1688 tested very well. This second shell then does not write the history
1689 file, does not use the metadata file, and has a different prompt.
1693 CPAN.pm installs signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGTERM. While you are
1694 in the cpan-shell, it is intended that you can press C<^C> anytime and
1695 return to the cpan-shell prompt. A SIGTERM will cause the cpan-shell
1696 to clean up and leave the shell loop. You can emulate the effect of a
1697 SIGTERM by sending two consecutive SIGINTs, which usually means by
1698 pressing C<^C> twice.
1700 CPAN.pm ignores SIGPIPE. If the user sets C<inactivity_timeout>, a
1701 SIGALRM is used during the run of the C<perl Makefile.PL> or C<perl
1702 Build.PL> subprocess. A SIGALRM is also used during module version
1703 parsing, and is controlled by C<version_timeout>.
1709 The commands available in the shell interface are methods in
1710 the package CPAN::Shell. If you enter the shell command, your
1711 input is split by the Text::ParseWords::shellwords() routine, which
1712 acts like most shells do. The first word is interpreted as the
1713 method to be invoked, and the rest of the words are treated as the method's arguments.
1714 Continuation lines are supported by ending a line with a
1719 C<autobundle> writes a bundle file into the
1720 C<$CPAN::Config-E<gt>{cpan_home}/Bundle> directory. The file contains
1721 a list of all modules that are both available from CPAN and currently
1722 installed within @INC. Duplicates of each distribution are suppressed.
1723 The name of the bundle file is based on the current date and a
1724 counter, e.g. F<Bundle/Snapshot_2012_05_21_00.pm>. This is installed
1725 again by running C<cpan Bundle::Snapshot_2012_05_21_00>, or installing
1726 C<Bundle::Snapshot_2012_05_21_00> from the CPAN shell.
1728 Return value: path to the written file.
1732 Note: this feature is still in alpha state and may change in future
1735 This commands provides a statistical overview over recent download
1736 activities. The data for this is collected in the YAML file
1737 C<FTPstats.yml> in your C<cpan_home> directory. If no YAML module is
1738 configured or YAML not installed, no stats are provided.
1742 =item install_tested
1744 Install all distributions that have been tested successfully but have
1745 not yet been installed. See also C<is_tested>.
1749 List all build directories of distributions that have been tested
1750 successfully but have not yet been installed. See also
1757 mkmyconfig() writes your own CPAN::MyConfig file into your C<~/.cpan/>
1758 directory so that you can save your own preferences instead of the
1761 =head2 r [Module|/Regexp/]...
1763 scans current perl installation for modules that have a newer version
1764 available on CPAN and provides a list of them. If called without
1765 argument, all potential upgrades are listed; if called with arguments
1766 the list is filtered to the modules and regexps given as arguments.
1768 The listing looks something like this:
1770 Package namespace installed latest in CPAN file
1771 CPAN 1.94_64 1.9600 ANDK/CPAN-1.9600.tar.gz
1772 CPAN::Reporter 1.1801 1.1902 DAGOLDEN/CPAN-Reporter-1.1902.tar.gz
1773 YAML 0.70 0.73 INGY/YAML-0.73.tar.gz
1774 YAML::Syck 1.14 1.17 AVAR/YAML-Syck-1.17.tar.gz
1775 YAML::Tiny 1.44 1.50 ADAMK/YAML-Tiny-1.50.tar.gz
1776 CGI 3.43 3.55 MARKSTOS/CGI.pm-3.55.tar.gz
1777 Module::Build::YAML 1.40 1.41 DAGOLDEN/Module-Build-0.3800.tar.gz
1778 TAP::Parser::Result::YAML 3.22 3.23 ANDYA/Test-Harness-3.23.tar.gz
1779 YAML::XS 0.34 0.35 INGY/YAML-LibYAML-0.35.tar.gz
1781 It suppresses duplicates in the column C<in CPAN file> such that
1782 distributions with many upgradeable modules are listed only once.
1784 Note that the list is not sorted.
1786 =head2 recent ***EXPERIMENTAL COMMAND***
1788 The C<recent> command downloads a list of recent uploads to CPAN and
1789 displays them I<slowly>. While the command is running, a $SIG{INT}
1790 exits the loop after displaying the current item.
1792 B<Note>: This command requires XML::LibXML installed.
1794 B<Note>: This whole command currently is just a hack and will
1795 probably change in future versions of CPAN.pm, but the general
1796 approach will likely remain.
1798 B<Note>: See also L<smoke>
1802 recompile() is a special command that takes no argument and
1803 runs the make/test/install cycle with brute force over all installed
1804 dynamically loadable extensions (a.k.a. XS modules) with 'force' in
1805 effect. The primary purpose of this command is to finish a network
1806 installation. Imagine you have a common source tree for two different
1807 architectures. You decide to do a completely independent fresh
1808 installation. You start on one architecture with the help of a Bundle
1809 file produced earlier. CPAN installs the whole Bundle for you, but
1810 when you try to repeat the job on the second architecture, CPAN
1811 responds with a C<"Foo up to date"> message for all modules. So you
1812 invoke CPAN's recompile on the second architecture and you're done.
1814 Another popular use for C<recompile> is to act as a rescue in case your
1815 perl breaks binary compatibility. If one of the modules that CPAN uses
1816 is in turn depending on binary compatibility (so you cannot run CPAN
1817 commands), then you should try the CPAN::Nox module for recovery.
1819 =head2 report Bundle|Distribution|Module
1821 The C<report> command temporarily turns on the C<test_report> config
1822 variable, then runs the C<force test> command with the given
1823 arguments. The C<force> pragma reruns the tests and repeats
1824 every step that might have failed before.
1826 =head2 smoke ***EXPERIMENTAL COMMAND***
1828 B<*** WARNING: this command downloads and executes software from CPAN to
1829 your computer of completely unknown status. You should never do
1830 this with your normal account and better have a dedicated well
1831 separated and secured machine to do this. ***>
1833 The C<smoke> command takes the list of recent uploads to CPAN as
1834 provided by the C<recent> command and tests them all. While the
1835 command is running $SIG{INT} is defined to mean that the current item
1838 B<Note>: This whole command currently is just a hack and will
1839 probably change in future versions of CPAN.pm, but the general
1840 approach will likely remain.
1842 B<Note>: See also L<recent>
1844 =head2 upgrade [Module|/Regexp/]...
1846 The C<upgrade> command first runs an C<r> command with the given
1847 arguments and then installs the newest versions of all modules that
1848 were listed by that.
1850 =head2 The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
1852 Although it may be considered internal, the class hierarchy does matter
1853 for both users and programmer. CPAN.pm deals with the four
1854 classes mentioned above, and those classes all share a set of methods. Classical
1855 single polymorphism is in effect. A metaclass object registers all
1856 objects of all kinds and indexes them with a string. The strings
1857 referencing objects have a separated namespace (well, not completely
1862 words containing a "/" (slash) Distribution
1863 words starting with Bundle:: Bundle
1864 everything else Module or Author
1866 Modules know their associated Distribution objects. They always refer
1867 to the most recent official release. Developers may mark their releases
1868 as unstable development versions (by inserting an unserscore into the
1869 module version number which will also be reflected in the distribution
1870 name when you run 'make dist'), so the really hottest and newest
1871 distribution is not always the default. If a module Foo circulates
1872 on CPAN in both version 1.23 and 1.23_90, CPAN.pm offers a convenient
1873 way to install version 1.23 by saying
1877 This would install the complete distribution file (say
1878 BAR/Foo-1.23.tar.gz) with all accompanying material. But if you would
1879 like to install version 1.23_90, you need to know where the
1880 distribution file resides on CPAN relative to the authors/id/
1881 directory. If the author is BAR, this might be BAR/Foo-1.23_90.tar.gz;
1882 so you would have to say
1884 install BAR/Foo-1.23_90.tar.gz
1886 The first example will be driven by an object of the class
1887 CPAN::Module, the second by an object of class CPAN::Distribution.
1889 =head2 Integrating local directories
1891 Note: this feature is still in alpha state and may change in future
1894 Distribution objects are normally distributions from the CPAN, but
1895 there is a slightly degenerate case for Distribution objects, too, of
1896 projects held on the local disk. These distribution objects have the
1897 same name as the local directory and end with a dot. A dot by itself
1898 is also allowed for the current directory at the time CPAN.pm was
1899 used. All actions such as C<make>, C<test>, and C<install> are applied
1900 directly to that directory. This gives the command C<cpan .> an
1901 interesting touch: while the normal mantra of installing a CPAN module
1902 without CPAN.pm is one of
1904 perl Makefile.PL perl Build.PL
1905 ( go and get prerequisites )
1907 make test ./Build test
1908 make install ./Build install
1910 the command C<cpan .> does all of this at once. It figures out which
1911 of the two mantras is appropriate, fetches and installs all
1912 prerequisites, takes care of them recursively, and finally finishes the
1913 installation of the module in the current directory, be it a CPAN
1916 The typical usage case is for private modules or working copies of
1917 projects from remote repositories on the local disk.
1921 The usual shell redirection symbols C< | > and C<< > >> are recognized
1922 by the cpan shell B<only when surrounded by whitespace>. So piping to
1923 pager or redirecting output into a file works somewhat as in a normal
1924 shell, with the stipulation that you must type extra spaces.
1926 =head1 CONFIGURATION
1928 When the CPAN module is used for the first time, a configuration
1929 dialogue tries to determine a couple of site specific options. The
1930 result of the dialog is stored in a hash reference C< $CPAN::Config >
1931 in a file CPAN/Config.pm.
1933 Default values defined in the CPAN/Config.pm file can be
1934 overridden in a user specific file: CPAN/MyConfig.pm. Such a file is
1935 best placed in C<$HOME/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm>, because C<$HOME/.cpan> is
1936 added to the search path of the CPAN module before the use() or
1937 require() statements. The mkmyconfig command writes this file for you.
1939 The C<o conf> command has various bells and whistles:
1943 =item completion support
1945 If you have a ReadLine module installed, you can hit TAB at any point
1946 of the commandline and C<o conf> will offer you completion for the
1947 built-in subcommands and/or config variable names.
1949 =item displaying some help: o conf help
1951 Displays a short help
1953 =item displaying current values: o conf [KEY]
1955 Displays the current value(s) for this config variable. Without KEY,
1956 displays all subcommands and config variables.
1962 If KEY starts and ends with a slash, the string in between is
1963 treated as a regular expression and only keys matching this regexp
1970 =item changing of scalar values: o conf KEY VALUE
1972 Sets the config variable KEY to VALUE. The empty string can be
1973 specified as usual in shells, with C<''> or C<"">
1977 o conf wget /usr/bin/wget
1979 =item changing of list values: o conf KEY SHIFT|UNSHIFT|PUSH|POP|SPLICE|LIST
1981 If a config variable name ends with C<list>, it is a list. C<o conf
1982 KEY shift> removes the first element of the list, C<o conf KEY pop>
1983 removes the last element of the list. C<o conf KEYS unshift LIST>
1984 prepends a list of values to the list, C<o conf KEYS push LIST>
1985 appends a list of valued to the list.
1987 Likewise, C<o conf KEY splice LIST> passes the LIST to the corresponding
1990 Finally, any other list of arguments is taken as a new list value for
1991 the KEY variable discarding the previous value.
1995 o conf urllist unshift http://cpan.dev.local/CPAN
1996 o conf urllist splice 3 1
1997 o conf urllist http://cpan1.local http://cpan2.local ftp://ftp.perl.org
1999 =item reverting to saved: o conf defaults
2001 Reverts all config variables to the state in the saved config file.
2003 =item saving the config: o conf commit
2005 Saves all config variables to the current config file (CPAN/Config.pm
2006 or CPAN/MyConfig.pm that was loaded at start).
2010 The configuration dialog can be started any time later again by
2011 issuing the command C< o conf init > in the CPAN shell. A subset of
2012 the configuration dialog can be run by issuing C<o conf init WORD>
2013 where WORD is any valid config variable or a regular expression.
2015 =head2 Config Variables
2017 The following keys in the hash reference $CPAN::Config are
2020 applypatch path to external prg
2021 auto_commit commit all changes to config variables to disk
2022 build_cache size of cache for directories to build modules
2023 build_dir locally accessible directory to build modules
2024 build_dir_reuse boolean if distros in build_dir are persistent
2025 build_requires_install_policy
2026 to install or not to install when a module is
2027 only needed for building. yes|no|ask/yes|ask/no
2028 bzip2 path to external prg
2029 cache_metadata use serializer to cache metadata
2030 check_sigs if signatures should be verified
2031 colorize_debug Term::ANSIColor attributes for debugging output
2032 colorize_output boolean if Term::ANSIColor should colorize output
2033 colorize_print Term::ANSIColor attributes for normal output
2034 colorize_warn Term::ANSIColor attributes for warnings
2035 commandnumber_in_prompt
2036 boolean if you want to see current command number
2037 commands_quote preferred character to use for quoting external
2038 commands when running them. Defaults to double
2039 quote on Windows, single tick everywhere else;
2040 can be set to space to disable quoting
2041 connect_to_internet_ok
2042 whether to ask if opening a connection is ok before
2043 urllist is specified
2044 cpan_home local directory reserved for this package
2045 curl path to external prg
2046 dontload_hash DEPRECATED
2047 dontload_list arrayref: modules in the list will not be
2048 loaded by the CPAN::has_inst() routine
2049 ftp path to external prg
2050 ftp_passive if set, the environment variable FTP_PASSIVE is set
2052 ftp_proxy proxy host for ftp requests
2053 ftpstats_period max number of days to keep download statistics
2054 ftpstats_size max number of items to keep in the download statistics
2056 gpg path to external prg
2057 gzip location of external program gzip
2058 halt_on_failure stop processing after the first failure of queued
2059 items or dependencies
2060 histfile file to maintain history between sessions
2061 histsize maximum number of lines to keep in histfile
2062 http_proxy proxy host for http requests
2063 inactivity_timeout breaks interactive Makefile.PLs or Build.PLs
2064 after this many seconds inactivity. Set to 0 to
2066 index_expire refetch index files after this many days
2067 inhibit_startup_message
2068 if true, suppress the startup message
2069 keep_source_where directory in which to keep the source (if we do)
2070 load_module_verbosity
2071 report loading of optional modules used by CPAN.pm
2072 lynx path to external prg
2073 make location of external make program
2074 make_arg arguments that should always be passed to 'make'
2075 make_install_make_command
2076 the make command for running 'make install', for
2078 make_install_arg same as make_arg for 'make install'
2079 makepl_arg arguments passed to 'perl Makefile.PL'
2080 mbuild_arg arguments passed to './Build'
2081 mbuild_install_arg arguments passed to './Build install'
2082 mbuild_install_build_command
2083 command to use instead of './Build' when we are
2084 in the install stage, for example 'sudo ./Build'
2085 mbuildpl_arg arguments passed to 'perl Build.PL'
2086 ncftp path to external prg
2087 ncftpget path to external prg
2088 no_proxy don't proxy to these hosts/domains (comma separated list)
2089 pager location of external program more (or any pager)
2090 password your password if you CPAN server wants one
2091 patch path to external prg
2092 patches_dir local directory containing patch files
2093 perl5lib_verbosity verbosity level for PERL5LIB additions
2095 per default all untar operations are done with
2096 Archive::Tar; by setting this variable to true
2097 the external tar command is used if available
2098 prefer_installer legal values are MB and EUMM: if a module comes
2099 with both a Makefile.PL and a Build.PL, use the
2100 former (EUMM) or the latter (MB); if the module
2101 comes with only one of the two, that one will be
2102 used no matter the setting
2103 prerequisites_policy
2104 what to do if you are missing module prerequisites
2105 ('follow' automatically, 'ask' me, or 'ignore')
2106 For 'follow', also sets PERL_AUTOINSTALL and
2107 PERL_EXTUTILS_AUTOINSTALL for "--defaultdeps" if
2109 prefs_dir local directory to store per-distro build options
2110 proxy_user username for accessing an authenticating proxy
2111 proxy_pass password for accessing an authenticating proxy
2112 randomize_urllist add some randomness to the sequence of the urllist
2113 recommends_policy whether recommended prerequisites should be included
2114 scan_cache controls scanning of cache ('atstart', 'atexit' or 'never')
2115 shell your favorite shell
2116 show_unparsable_versions
2117 boolean if r command tells which modules are versionless
2118 show_upload_date boolean if commands should try to determine upload date
2119 show_zero_versions boolean if r command tells for which modules $version==0
2120 suggests_policy whether suggested prerequisites should be included
2121 tar location of external program tar
2122 tar_verbosity verbosity level for the tar command
2123 term_is_latin deprecated: if true Unicode is translated to ISO-8859-1
2124 (and nonsense for characters outside latin range)
2125 term_ornaments boolean to turn ReadLine ornamenting on/off
2126 test_report email test reports (if CPAN::Reporter is installed)
2127 trust_test_report_history
2128 skip testing when previously tested ok (according to
2129 CPAN::Reporter history)
2130 unzip location of external program unzip
2131 urllist arrayref to nearby CPAN sites (or equivalent locations)
2132 use_prompt_default set PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT for configure/make/test/install
2133 use_sqlite use CPAN::SQLite for metadata storage (fast and lean)
2134 username your username if you CPAN server wants one
2135 version_timeout stops version parsing after this many seconds.
2136 Default is 15 secs. Set to 0 to disable.
2137 wait_list arrayref to a wait server to try (See CPAN::WAIT)
2138 wget path to external prg
2139 yaml_load_code enable YAML code deserialisation via CPAN::DeferredCode
2140 yaml_module which module to use to read/write YAML files
2142 You can set and query each of these options interactively in the cpan
2143 shell with the C<o conf> or the C<o conf init> command as specified below.
2147 =item C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>
2149 prints the current value of the I<scalar option>
2151 =item C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt> E<lt>valueE<gt>>
2153 Sets the value of the I<scalar option> to I<value>
2155 =item C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>
2157 prints the current value of the I<list option> in MakeMaker's
2160 =item C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>
2162 shifts or pops the array in the I<list option> variable
2164 =item C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
2166 works like the corresponding perl commands.
2168 =item interactive editing: o conf init [MATCH|LIST]
2170 Runs an interactive configuration dialog for matching variables.
2171 Without argument runs the dialog over all supported config variables.
2172 To specify a MATCH the argument must be enclosed by slashes.
2176 o conf init ftp_passive ftp_proxy
2179 Note: this method of setting config variables often provides more
2180 explanation about the functioning of a variable than the manpage.
2184 =head2 CPAN::anycwd($path): Note on config variable getcwd
2186 CPAN.pm changes the current working directory often and needs to
2187 determine its own current working directory. By default it uses
2188 Cwd::cwd, but if for some reason this doesn't work on your system,
2189 configure alternatives according to the following table:
2207 Calls the external command cwd.
2211 =head2 Note on the format of the urllist parameter
2213 urllist parameters are URLs according to RFC 1738. We do a little
2214 guessing if your URL is not compliant, but if you have problems with
2215 C<file> URLs, please try the correct format. Either:
2217 file://localhost/whatever/ftp/pub/CPAN/
2221 file:///home/ftp/pub/CPAN/
2223 =head2 The urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
2225 The C<urllist> parameter of the configuration table contains a list of
2226 URLs used for downloading. If the list contains any
2227 C<file> URLs, CPAN always tries there first. This
2228 feature is disabled for index files. So the recommendation for the
2229 owner of a CD-ROM with CPAN contents is: include your local, possibly
2230 outdated CD-ROM as a C<file> URL at the end of urllist, e.g.
2232 o conf urllist push file://localhost/CDROM/CPAN
2234 CPAN.pm will then fetch the index files from one of the CPAN sites
2235 that come at the beginning of urllist. It will later check for each
2236 module to see whether there is a local copy of the most recent version.
2238 Another peculiarity of urllist is that the site that we could
2239 successfully fetch the last file from automatically gets a preference
2240 token and is tried as the first site for the next request. So if you
2241 add a new site at runtime it may happen that the previously preferred
2242 site will be tried another time. This means that if you want to disallow
2243 a site for the next transfer, it must be explicitly removed from
2246 =head2 Maintaining the urllist parameter
2248 If you have YAML.pm (or some other YAML module configured in
2249 C<yaml_module>) installed, CPAN.pm collects a few statistical data
2250 about recent downloads. You can view the statistics with the C<hosts>
2251 command or inspect them directly by looking into the C<FTPstats.yml>
2252 file in your C<cpan_home> directory.
2254 To get some interesting statistics, it is recommended that
2255 C<randomize_urllist> be set; this introduces some amount of
2256 randomness into the URL selection.
2258 =head2 The C<requires> and C<build_requires> dependency declarations
2260 Since CPAN.pm version 1.88_51 modules declared as C<build_requires> by
2261 a distribution are treated differently depending on the config
2262 variable C<build_requires_install_policy>. By setting
2263 C<build_requires_install_policy> to C<no>, such a module is not
2264 installed. It is only built and tested, and then kept in the list of
2265 tested but uninstalled modules. As such, it is available during the
2266 build of the dependent module by integrating the path to the
2267 C<blib/arch> and C<blib/lib> directories in the environment variable
2268 PERL5LIB. If C<build_requires_install_policy> is set ti C<yes>, then
2269 both modules declared as C<requires> and those declared as
2270 C<build_requires> are treated alike. By setting to C<ask/yes> or
2271 C<ask/no>, CPAN.pm asks the user and sets the default accordingly.
2273 =head2 Configuration for individual distributions (I<Distroprefs>)
2275 (B<Note:> This feature has been introduced in CPAN.pm 1.8854 and is
2276 still considered beta quality)
2278 Distributions on CPAN usually behave according to what we call the
2279 CPAN mantra. Or since the advent of Module::Build we should talk about
2282 perl Makefile.PL perl Build.PL
2284 make test ./Build test
2285 make install ./Build install
2287 But some modules cannot be built with this mantra. They try to get
2288 some extra data from the user via the environment, extra arguments, or
2289 interactively--thus disturbing the installation of large bundles like
2290 Phalanx100 or modules with many dependencies like Plagger.
2292 The distroprefs system of C<CPAN.pm> addresses this problem by
2293 allowing the user to specify extra informations and recipes in YAML
2300 pass additional arguments to one of the four commands,
2304 set environment variables
2308 instantiate an Expect object that reads from the console, waits for
2309 some regular expressions and enters some answers
2313 temporarily override assorted C<CPAN.pm> configuration variables
2317 specify dependencies the original maintainer forgot
2321 disable the installation of an object altogether
2325 See the YAML and Data::Dumper files that come with the C<CPAN.pm>
2326 distribution in the C<distroprefs/> directory for examples.
2330 The YAML files themselves must have the C<.yml> extension; all other
2331 files are ignored (for two exceptions see I<Fallback Data::Dumper and
2332 Storable> below). The containing directory can be specified in
2333 C<CPAN.pm> in the C<prefs_dir> config variable. Try C<o conf init
2334 prefs_dir> in the CPAN shell to set and activate the distroprefs
2337 Every YAML file may contain arbitrary documents according to the YAML
2338 specification, and every document is treated as an entity that
2339 can specify the treatment of a single distribution.
2341 Filenames can be picked arbitrarily; C<CPAN.pm> always reads
2342 all files (in alphabetical order) and takes the key C<match> (see
2343 below in I<Language Specs>) as a hashref containing match criteria
2344 that determine if the current distribution matches the YAML document
2347 =head2 Fallback Data::Dumper and Storable
2349 If neither your configured C<yaml_module> nor YAML.pm is installed,
2350 CPAN.pm falls back to using Data::Dumper and Storable and looks for
2351 files with the extensions C<.dd> or C<.st> in the C<prefs_dir>
2352 directory. These files are expected to contain one or more hashrefs.
2353 For Data::Dumper generated files, this is expected to be done with by
2354 defining C<$VAR1>, C<$VAR2>, etc. The YAML shell would produce these
2357 ysh < somefile.yml > somefile.dd
2359 For Storable files the rule is that they must be constructed such that
2360 C<Storable::retrieve(file)> returns an array reference and the array
2361 elements represent one distropref object each. The conversion from
2362 YAML would look like so:
2364 perl -MYAML=LoadFile -MStorable=nstore -e '
2366 nstore(\@y, shift)' somefile.yml somefile.st
2368 In bootstrapping situations it is usually sufficient to translate only
2369 a few YAML files to Data::Dumper for crucial modules like
2370 C<YAML::Syck>, C<YAML.pm> and C<Expect.pm>. If you prefer Storable
2371 over Data::Dumper, remember to pull out a Storable version that writes
2372 an older format than all the other Storable versions that will need to
2377 The following example contains all supported keywords and structures
2378 with the exception of C<eexpect> which can be used instead of
2384 module: "Dancing::Queen"
2385 distribution: "^CHACHACHA/Dancing-"
2386 not_distribution: "\.zip$"
2387 perl: "/usr/local/cariba-perl/bin/perl"
2392 DANCING_FLOOR: "Shubiduh"
2398 - "--somearg=specialcase"
2403 - "Which is your favorite fruit"
2415 commandline: "echo SKIPPING make"
2428 WANT_TO_INSTALL: YES
2431 - "Do you really want to install"
2435 - "ABCDE/Fedcba-3.14-ABCDE-01.patch"
2441 Test::Exception: 0.25
2446 =head2 Language Specs
2448 Every YAML document represents a single hash reference. The valid keys
2449 in this hash are as follows:
2453 =item comment [scalar]
2457 =item cpanconfig [hash]
2459 Temporarily override assorted C<CPAN.pm> configuration variables.
2461 Supported are: C<build_requires_install_policy>, C<check_sigs>,
2462 C<make>, C<make_install_make_command>, C<prefer_installer>,
2463 C<test_report>. Please report as a bug when you need another one
2466 =item depends [hash] *** EXPERIMENTAL FEATURE ***
2468 All three types, namely C<configure_requires>, C<build_requires>, and
2469 C<requires> are supported in the way specified in the META.yml
2470 specification. The current implementation I<merges> the specified
2471 dependencies with those declared by the package maintainer. In a
2472 future implementation this may be changed to override the original
2475 =item disabled [boolean]
2477 Specifies that this distribution shall not be processed at all.
2479 =item features [array] *** EXPERIMENTAL FEATURE ***
2481 Experimental implementation to deal with optional_features from
2482 META.yml. Still needs coordination with installer software and
2483 currently works only for META.yml declaring C<dynamic_config=0>. Use
2488 The canonical name of a delegate distribution to install
2489 instead. Useful when a new version, although it tests OK itself,
2490 breaks something else or a developer release or a fork is already
2491 uploaded that is better than the last released version.
2493 =item install [hash]
2495 Processing instructions for the C<make install> or C<./Build install>
2496 phase of the CPAN mantra. See below under I<Processing Instructions>.
2500 Processing instructions for the C<make> or C<./Build> phase of the
2501 CPAN mantra. See below under I<Processing Instructions>.
2505 A hashref with one or more of the keys C<distribution>, C<module>,
2506 C<perl>, C<perlconfig>, and C<env> that specify whether a document is
2507 targeted at a specific CPAN distribution or installation.
2508 Keys prefixed with C<not_> negates the corresponding match.
2510 The corresponding values are interpreted as regular expressions. The
2511 C<distribution> related one will be matched against the canonical
2512 distribution name, e.g. "AUTHOR/Foo-Bar-3.14.tar.gz".
2514 The C<module> related one will be matched against I<all> modules
2515 contained in the distribution until one module matches.
2517 The C<perl> related one will be matched against C<$^X> (but with the
2520 The value associated with C<perlconfig> is itself a hashref that is
2521 matched against corresponding values in the C<%Config::Config> hash
2522 living in the C<Config.pm> module.
2523 Keys prefixed with C<not_> negates the corresponding match.
2525 The value associated with C<env> is itself a hashref that is
2526 matched against corresponding values in the C<%ENV> hash.
2527 Keys prefixed with C<not_> negates the corresponding match.
2529 If more than one restriction of C<module>, C<distribution>, etc. is
2530 specified, the results of the separately computed match values must
2531 all match. If so, the hashref represented by the
2532 YAML document is returned as the preference structure for the current
2535 =item patches [array]
2537 An array of patches on CPAN or on the local disk to be applied in
2538 order via an external patch program. If the value for the C<-p>
2539 parameter is C<0> or C<1> is determined by reading the patch
2540 beforehand. The path to each patch is either an absolute path on the
2541 local filesystem or relative to a patch directory specified in the
2542 C<patches_dir> configuration variable or in the format of a canonical
2543 distro name. For examples please consult the distroprefs/ directory in
2544 the CPAN.pm distribution (these examples are not installed by
2547 Note: if the C<applypatch> program is installed and C<CPAN::Config>
2548 knows about it B<and> a patch is written by the C<makepatch> program,
2549 then C<CPAN.pm> lets C<applypatch> apply the patch. Both C<makepatch>
2550 and C<applypatch> are available from CPAN in the C<JV/makepatch-*>
2555 Processing instructions for the C<perl Makefile.PL> or C<perl
2556 Build.PL> phase of the CPAN mantra. See below under I<Processing
2561 Processing instructions for the C<make test> or C<./Build test> phase
2562 of the CPAN mantra. See below under I<Processing Instructions>.
2566 =head2 Processing Instructions
2572 Arguments to be added to the command line
2576 A full commandline to run via C<system()>.
2577 During execution, the environment variable PERL is set
2578 to $^X (but with an absolute path). If C<commandline> is specified,
2579 C<args> is not used.
2581 =item eexpect [hash]
2583 Extended C<expect>. This is a hash reference with four allowed keys,
2584 C<mode>, C<timeout>, C<reuse>, and C<talk>.
2586 You must install the C<Expect> module to use C<eexpect>. CPAN.pm
2587 does not install it for you.
2589 C<mode> may have the values C<deterministic> for the case where all
2590 questions come in the order written down and C<anyorder> for the case
2591 where the questions may come in any order. The default mode is
2594 C<timeout> denotes a timeout in seconds. Floating-point timeouts are
2595 OK. With C<mode=deterministic>, the timeout denotes the
2596 timeout per question; with C<mode=anyorder> it denotes the
2597 timeout per byte received from the stream or questions.
2599 C<talk> is a reference to an array that contains alternating questions
2600 and answers. Questions are regular expressions and answers are literal
2601 strings. The Expect module watches the stream from the
2602 execution of the external program (C<perl Makefile.PL>, C<perl
2603 Build.PL>, C<make>, etc.).
2605 For C<mode=deterministic>, the CPAN.pm injects the
2606 corresponding answer as soon as the stream matches the regular expression.
2608 For C<mode=anyorder> CPAN.pm answers a question as soon
2609 as the timeout is reached for the next byte in the input stream. In
2610 this mode you can use the C<reuse> parameter to decide what will
2611 happen with a question-answer pair after it has been used. In the
2612 default case (reuse=0) it is removed from the array, avoiding being
2613 used again accidentally. If you want to answer the
2614 question C<Do you really want to do that> several times, then it must
2615 be included in the array at least as often as you want this answer to
2616 be given. Setting the parameter C<reuse> to 1 makes this repetition
2621 Environment variables to be set during the command
2623 =item expect [array]
2625 You must install the C<Expect> module to use C<expect>. CPAN.pm
2626 does not install it for you.
2628 C<< expect: <array> >> is a short notation for this C<eexpect>:
2637 =head2 Schema verification with C<Kwalify>
2639 If you have the C<Kwalify> module installed (which is part of the
2640 Bundle::CPANxxl), then all your distroprefs files are checked for
2641 syntactic correctness.
2643 =head2 Example Distroprefs Files
2645 C<CPAN.pm> comes with a collection of example YAML files. Note that these
2646 are really just examples and should not be used without care because
2647 they cannot fit everybody's purpose. After all, the authors of the
2648 packages that ask questions had a need to ask, so you should watch
2649 their questions and adjust the examples to your environment and your
2650 needs. You have been warned:-)
2652 =head1 PROGRAMMER'S INTERFACE
2654 If you do not enter the shell, shell commands are
2655 available both as methods (C<CPAN::Shell-E<gt>install(...)>) and as
2656 functions in the calling package (C<install(...)>). Before calling low-level
2657 commands, it makes sense to initialize components of CPAN you need, e.g.:
2659 CPAN::HandleConfig->load;
2660 CPAN::Shell::setup_output;
2661 CPAN::Index->reload;
2663 High-level commands do such initializations automatically.
2665 There's currently only one class that has a stable interface -
2666 CPAN::Shell. All commands that are available in the CPAN shell are
2667 methods of the class CPAN::Shell. The arguments on the commandline are
2668 passed as arguments to the method.
2670 So if you take for example the shell command
2672 notest install A B C
2674 the actually executed command is
2676 CPAN::Shell->notest("install","A","B","C");
2678 Each of the commands that produce listings of modules (C<r>,
2679 C<autobundle>, C<u>) also return a list of the IDs of all modules
2684 =item expand($type,@things)
2686 The IDs of all objects available within a program are strings that can
2687 be expanded to the corresponding real objects with the
2688 C<CPAN::Shell-E<gt>expand("Module",@things)> method. Expand returns a
2689 list of CPAN::Module objects according to the C<@things> arguments
2690 given. In scalar context, it returns only the first element of the
2693 =item expandany(@things)
2695 Like expand, but returns objects of the appropriate type, i.e.
2696 CPAN::Bundle objects for bundles, CPAN::Module objects for modules, and
2697 CPAN::Distribution objects for distributions. Note: it does not expand
2698 to CPAN::Author objects.
2700 =item Programming Examples
2702 This enables the programmer to do operations that combine
2703 functionalities that are available in the shell.
2705 # install everything that is outdated on my disk:
2706 perl -MCPAN -e 'CPAN::Shell->install(CPAN::Shell->r)'
2708 # install my favorite programs if necessary:
2709 for $mod (qw(Net::FTP Digest::SHA Data::Dumper)) {
2710 CPAN::Shell->install($mod);
2713 # list all modules on my disk that have no VERSION number
2714 for $mod (CPAN::Shell->expand("Module","/./")) {
2715 next unless $mod->inst_file;
2716 # MakeMaker convention for undefined $VERSION:
2717 next unless $mod->inst_version eq "undef";
2718 print "No VERSION in ", $mod->id, "\n";
2721 # find out which distribution on CPAN contains a module:
2722 print CPAN::Shell->expand("Module","Apache::Constants")->cpan_file
2724 Or if you want to schedule a I<cron> job to watch CPAN, you could list
2725 all modules that need updating. First a quick and dirty way:
2727 perl -e 'use CPAN; CPAN::Shell->r;'
2729 If you don't want any output should all modules be
2730 up to date, parse the output of above command for the regular
2731 expression C</modules are up to date/> and decide to mail the output
2732 only if it doesn't match.
2734 If you prefer to do it more in a programmerish style in one single
2735 process, something like this may better suit you:
2737 # list all modules on my disk that have newer versions on CPAN
2738 for $mod (CPAN::Shell->expand("Module","/./")) {
2739 next unless $mod->inst_file;
2740 next if $mod->uptodate;
2741 printf "Module %s is installed as %s, could be updated to %s from CPAN\n",
2742 $mod->id, $mod->inst_version, $mod->cpan_version;
2745 If that gives too much output every day, you may want to
2746 watch only for three modules. You can write
2748 for $mod (CPAN::Shell->expand("Module","/Apache|LWP|CGI/")) {
2750 as the first line instead. Or you can combine some of the above
2753 # watch only for a new mod_perl module
2754 $mod = CPAN::Shell->expand("Module","mod_perl");
2755 exit if $mod->uptodate;
2756 # new mod_perl arrived, let me know all update recommendations
2761 =head2 Methods in the other Classes
2765 =item CPAN::Author::as_glimpse()
2767 Returns a one-line description of the author
2769 =item CPAN::Author::as_string()
2771 Returns a multi-line description of the author
2773 =item CPAN::Author::email()
2775 Returns the author's email address
2777 =item CPAN::Author::fullname()
2779 Returns the author's name
2781 =item CPAN::Author::name()
2783 An alias for fullname
2785 =item CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse()
2787 Returns a one-line description of the bundle
2789 =item CPAN::Bundle::as_string()
2791 Returns a multi-line description of the bundle
2793 =item CPAN::Bundle::clean()
2795 Recursively runs the C<clean> method on all items contained in the bundle.
2797 =item CPAN::Bundle::contains()
2799 Returns a list of objects' IDs contained in a bundle. The associated
2800 objects may be bundles, modules or distributions.
2802 =item CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args)
2804 Forces CPAN to perform a task that it normally would have refused to
2805 do. Force takes as arguments a method name to be called and any number
2806 of additional arguments that should be passed to the called method.
2807 The internals of the object get the needed changes so that CPAN.pm
2808 does not refuse to take the action. The C<force> is passed recursively
2809 to all contained objects. See also the section above on the C<force>
2810 and the C<fforce> pragma.
2812 =item CPAN::Bundle::get()
2814 Recursively runs the C<get> method on all items contained in the bundle
2816 =item CPAN::Bundle::inst_file()
2818 Returns the highest installed version of the bundle in either @INC or
2819 C<< $CPAN::Config->{cpan_home} >>. Note that this is different from
2820 CPAN::Module::inst_file.
2822 =item CPAN::Bundle::inst_version()
2824 Like CPAN::Bundle::inst_file, but returns the $VERSION
2826 =item CPAN::Bundle::uptodate()
2828 Returns 1 if the bundle itself and all its members are up-to-date.
2830 =item CPAN::Bundle::install()
2832 Recursively runs the C<install> method on all items contained in the bundle
2834 =item CPAN::Bundle::make()
2836 Recursively runs the C<make> method on all items contained in the bundle
2838 =item CPAN::Bundle::readme()
2840 Recursively runs the C<readme> method on all items contained in the bundle
2842 =item CPAN::Bundle::test()
2844 Recursively runs the C<test> method on all items contained in the bundle
2846 =item CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse()
2848 Returns a one-line description of the distribution
2850 =item CPAN::Distribution::as_string()
2852 Returns a multi-line description of the distribution
2854 =item CPAN::Distribution::author
2856 Returns the CPAN::Author object of the maintainer who uploaded this
2859 =item CPAN::Distribution::pretty_id()
2861 Returns a string of the form "AUTHORID/TARBALL", where AUTHORID is the
2862 author's PAUSE ID and TARBALL is the distribution filename.
2864 =item CPAN::Distribution::base_id()
2866 Returns the distribution filename without any archive suffix. E.g
2869 =item CPAN::Distribution::clean()
2871 Changes to the directory where the distribution has been unpacked and
2872 runs C<make clean> there.
2874 =item CPAN::Distribution::containsmods()
2876 Returns a list of IDs of modules contained in a distribution file.
2877 Works only for distributions listed in the 02packages.details.txt.gz
2878 file. This typically means that just most recent version of a
2879 distribution is covered.
2881 =item CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import()
2883 Changes to the directory where the distribution has been unpacked and
2886 cvs -d $cvs_root import -m $cvs_log $cvs_dir $userid v$version
2890 =item CPAN::Distribution::dir()
2892 Returns the directory into which this distribution has been unpacked.
2894 =item CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args)
2896 Forces CPAN to perform a task that it normally would have refused to
2897 do. Force takes as arguments a method name to be called and any number
2898 of additional arguments that should be passed to the called method.
2899 The internals of the object get the needed changes so that CPAN.pm
2900 does not refuse to take the action. See also the section above on the
2901 C<force> and the C<fforce> pragma.
2903 =item CPAN::Distribution::get()
2905 Downloads the distribution from CPAN and unpacks it. Does nothing if
2906 the distribution has already been downloaded and unpacked within the
2909 =item CPAN::Distribution::install()
2911 Changes to the directory where the distribution has been unpacked and
2912 runs the external command C<make install> there. If C<make> has not
2913 yet been run, it will be run first. A C<make test> is issued in
2914 any case and if this fails, the install is cancelled. The
2915 cancellation can be avoided by letting C<force> run the C<install> for
2918 This install method only has the power to install the distribution if
2919 there are no dependencies in the way. To install an object along with all
2920 its dependencies, use CPAN::Shell->install.
2922 Note that install() gives no meaningful return value. See uptodate().
2924 =item CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl()
2926 Returns 1 if this distribution file seems to be a perl distribution.
2927 Normally this is derived from the file name only, but the index from
2928 CPAN can contain a hint to achieve a return value of true for other
2931 =item CPAN::Distribution::look()
2933 Changes to the directory where the distribution has been unpacked and
2934 opens a subshell there. Exiting the subshell returns.
2936 =item CPAN::Distribution::make()
2938 First runs the C<get> method to make sure the distribution is
2939 downloaded and unpacked. Changes to the directory where the
2940 distribution has been unpacked and runs the external commands C<perl
2941 Makefile.PL> or C<perl Build.PL> and C<make> there.
2943 =item CPAN::Distribution::perldoc()
2945 Downloads the pod documentation of the file associated with a
2946 distribution (in HTML format) and runs it through the external
2947 command I<lynx> specified in C<< $CPAN::Config->{lynx} >>. If I<lynx>
2948 isn't available, it converts it to plain text with the external
2949 command I<html2text> and runs it through the pager specified
2950 in C<< $CPAN::Config->{pager} >>.
2952 =item CPAN::Distribution::prefs()
2954 Returns the hash reference from the first matching YAML file that the
2955 user has deposited in the C<prefs_dir/> directory. The first
2956 succeeding match wins. The files in the C<prefs_dir/> are processed
2957 alphabetically, and the canonical distro name (e.g.
2958 AUTHOR/Foo-Bar-3.14.tar.gz) is matched against the regular expressions
2959 stored in the $root->{match}{distribution} attribute value.
2960 Additionally all module names contained in a distribution are matched
2961 against the regular expressions in the $root->{match}{module} attribute
2962 value. The two match values are ANDed together. Each of the two
2963 attributes are optional.
2965 =item CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm()
2967 Returns the hash reference that has been announced by a distribution
2968 as the C<requires> and C<build_requires> elements. These can be
2969 declared either by the C<META.yml> (if authoritative) or can be
2970 deposited after the run of C<Build.PL> in the file C<./_build/prereqs>
2971 or after the run of C<Makfile.PL> written as the C<PREREQ_PM> hash in
2972 a comment in the produced C<Makefile>. I<Note>: this method only works
2973 after an attempt has been made to C<make> the distribution. Returns
2976 =item CPAN::Distribution::readme()
2978 Downloads the README file associated with a distribution and runs it
2979 through the pager specified in C<< $CPAN::Config->{pager} >>.
2981 =item CPAN::Distribution::reports()
2983 Downloads report data for this distribution from www.cpantesters.org
2984 and displays a subset of them.
2986 =item CPAN::Distribution::read_yaml()
2988 Returns the content of the META.yml of this distro as a hashref. Note:
2989 works only after an attempt has been made to C<make> the distribution.
2990 Returns undef otherwise. Also returns undef if the content of META.yml
2991 is not authoritative. (The rules about what exactly makes the content
2992 authoritative are still in flux.)
2994 =item CPAN::Distribution::test()
2996 Changes to the directory where the distribution has been unpacked and
2997 runs C<make test> there.
2999 =item CPAN::Distribution::uptodate()
3001 Returns 1 if all the modules contained in the distribution are
3002 up-to-date. Relies on containsmods.
3004 =item CPAN::Index::force_reload()
3006 Forces a reload of all indices.
3008 =item CPAN::Index::reload()
3010 Reloads all indices if they have not been read for more than
3011 C<< $CPAN::Config->{index_expire} >> days.
3013 =item CPAN::InfoObj::dump()
3015 CPAN::Author, CPAN::Bundle, CPAN::Module, and CPAN::Distribution
3016 inherit this method. It prints the data structure associated with an
3017 object. Useful for debugging. Note: the data structure is considered
3018 internal and thus subject to change without notice.
3020 =item CPAN::Module::as_glimpse()
3022 Returns a one-line description of the module in four columns: The
3023 first column contains the word C<Module>, the second column consists
3024 of one character: an equals sign if this module is already installed
3025 and up-to-date, a less-than sign if this module is installed but can be
3026 upgraded, and a space if the module is not installed. The third column
3027 is the name of the module and the fourth column gives maintainer or
3028 distribution information.
3030 =item CPAN::Module::as_string()
3032 Returns a multi-line description of the module
3034 =item CPAN::Module::clean()
3036 Runs a clean on the distribution associated with this module.
3038 =item CPAN::Module::cpan_file()
3040 Returns the filename on CPAN that is associated with the module.
3042 =item CPAN::Module::cpan_version()
3044 Returns the latest version of this module available on CPAN.
3046 =item CPAN::Module::cvs_import()
3048 Runs a cvs_import on the distribution associated with this module.
3050 =item CPAN::Module::description()
3052 Returns a 44 character description of this module. Only available for
3053 modules listed in The Module List (CPAN/modules/00modlist.long.html
3054 or 00modlist.long.txt.gz)
3056 =item CPAN::Module::distribution()
3058 Returns the CPAN::Distribution object that contains the current
3059 version of this module.
3061 =item CPAN::Module::dslip_status()
3063 Returns a hash reference. The keys of the hash are the letters C<D>,
3064 C<S>, C<L>, C<I>, and <P>, for development status, support level,
3065 language, interface and public licence respectively. The data for the
3066 DSLIP status are collected by pause.perl.org when authors register
3067 their namespaces. The values of the 5 hash elements are one-character
3068 words whose meaning is described in the table below. There are also 5
3069 hash elements C<DV>, C<SV>, C<LV>, C<IV>, and <PV> that carry a more
3070 verbose value of the 5 status variables.
3072 Where the 'DSLIP' characters have the following meanings:
3074 D - Development Stage (Note: *NO IMPLIED TIMESCALES*):
3075 i - Idea, listed to gain consensus or as a placeholder
3076 c - under construction but pre-alpha (not yet released)
3077 a/b - Alpha/Beta testing
3079 M - Mature (no rigorous definition)
3080 S - Standard, supplied with Perl 5
3085 u - Usenet newsgroup comp.lang.perl.modules
3086 n - None known, try comp.lang.perl.modules
3087 a - abandoned; volunteers welcome to take over maintenance
3090 p - Perl-only, no compiler needed, should be platform independent
3091 c - C and perl, a C compiler will be needed
3092 h - Hybrid, written in perl with optional C code, no compiler needed
3093 + - C++ and perl, a C++ compiler will be needed
3094 o - perl and another language other than C or C++
3097 f - plain Functions, no references used
3098 h - hybrid, object and function interfaces available
3099 n - no interface at all (huh?)
3100 r - some use of unblessed References or ties
3101 O - Object oriented using blessed references and/or inheritance
3104 p - Standard-Perl: user may choose between GPL and Artistic
3105 g - GPL: GNU General Public License
3106 l - LGPL: "GNU Lesser General Public License" (previously known as
3107 "GNU Library General Public License")
3108 b - BSD: The BSD License
3109 a - Artistic license alone
3110 2 - Artistic license 2.0 or later
3111 o - open source: approved by www.opensource.org
3112 d - allows distribution without restrictions
3113 r - restricted distribution
3114 n - no license at all
3116 =item CPAN::Module::force($method,@args)
3118 Forces CPAN to perform a task it would normally refuse to
3119 do. Force takes as arguments a method name to be invoked and any number
3120 of additional arguments to pass that method.
3121 The internals of the object get the needed changes so that CPAN.pm
3122 does not refuse to take the action. See also the section above on the
3123 C<force> and the C<fforce> pragma.
3125 =item CPAN::Module::get()
3127 Runs a get on the distribution associated with this module.
3129 =item CPAN::Module::inst_file()
3131 Returns the filename of the module found in @INC. The first file found
3132 is reported, just as perl itself stops searching @INC once it finds a
3135 =item CPAN::Module::available_file()
3137 Returns the filename of the module found in PERL5LIB or @INC. The
3138 first file found is reported. The advantage of this method over
3139 C<inst_file> is that modules that have been tested but not yet
3140 installed are included because PERL5LIB keeps track of tested modules.
3142 =item CPAN::Module::inst_version()
3144 Returns the version number of the installed module in readable format.
3146 =item CPAN::Module::available_version()
3148 Returns the version number of the available module in readable format.
3150 =item CPAN::Module::install()
3152 Runs an C<install> on the distribution associated with this module.
3154 =item CPAN::Module::look()
3156 Changes to the directory where the distribution associated with this
3157 module has been unpacked and opens a subshell there. Exiting the
3160 =item CPAN::Module::make()
3162 Runs a C<make> on the distribution associated with this module.
3164 =item CPAN::Module::manpage_headline()
3166 If module is installed, peeks into the module's manpage, reads the
3167 headline, and returns it. Moreover, if the module has been downloaded
3168 within this session, does the equivalent on the downloaded module even
3169 if it hasn't been installed yet.
3171 =item CPAN::Module::perldoc()
3173 Runs a C<perldoc> on this module.
3175 =item CPAN::Module::readme()
3177 Runs a C<readme> on the distribution associated with this module.
3179 =item CPAN::Module::reports()
3181 Calls the reports() method on the associated distribution object.
3183 =item CPAN::Module::test()
3185 Runs a C<test> on the distribution associated with this module.
3187 =item CPAN::Module::uptodate()
3189 Returns 1 if the module is installed and up-to-date.
3191 =item CPAN::Module::userid()
3193 Returns the author's ID of the module.
3197 =head2 Cache Manager
3199 Currently the cache manager only keeps track of the build directory
3200 ($CPAN::Config->{build_dir}). It is a simple FIFO mechanism that
3201 deletes complete directories below C<build_dir> as soon as the size of
3202 all directories there gets bigger than $CPAN::Config->{build_cache}
3203 (in MB). The contents of this cache may be used for later
3204 re-installations that you intend to do manually, but will never be
3205 trusted by CPAN itself. This is due to the fact that the user might
3206 use these directories for building modules on different architectures.
3208 There is another directory ($CPAN::Config->{keep_source_where}) where
3209 the original distribution files are kept. This directory is not
3210 covered by the cache manager and must be controlled by the user. If
3211 you choose to have the same directory as build_dir and as
3212 keep_source_where directory, then your sources will be deleted with
3213 the same fifo mechanism.
3217 A bundle is just a perl module in the namespace Bundle:: that does not
3218 define any functions or methods. It usually only contains documentation.
3220 It starts like a perl module with a package declaration and a $VERSION
3221 variable. After that the pod section looks like any other pod with the
3222 only difference being that I<one special pod section> exists starting with
3227 In this pod section each line obeys the format
3229 Module_Name [Version_String] [- optional text]
3231 The only required part is the first field, the name of a module
3232 (e.g. Foo::Bar, i.e. I<not> the name of the distribution file). The rest
3233 of the line is optional. The comment part is delimited by a dash just
3234 as in the man page header.
3236 The distribution of a bundle should follow the same convention as
3237 other distributions.
3239 Bundles are treated specially in the CPAN package. If you say 'install
3240 Bundle::Tkkit' (assuming such a bundle exists), CPAN will install all
3241 the modules in the CONTENTS section of the pod. You can install your
3242 own Bundles locally by placing a conformant Bundle file somewhere into
3243 your @INC path. The autobundle() command which is available in the
3244 shell interface does that for you by including all currently installed
3245 modules in a snapshot bundle file.
3247 =head1 PREREQUISITES
3249 The CPAN program is trying to depend on as little as possible so the
3250 user can use it in hostile environment. It works better the more goodies
3251 the environment provides. For example if you try in the CPAN shell
3253 install Bundle::CPAN
3257 install Bundle::CPANxxl
3259 you will find the shell more convenient than the bare shell before.
3261 If you have a local mirror of CPAN and can access all files with
3262 "file:" URLs, then you only need a perl later than perl5.003 to run
3263 this module. Otherwise Net::FTP is strongly recommended. LWP may be
3264 required for non-UNIX systems, or if your nearest CPAN site is
3265 associated with a URL that is not C<ftp:>.
3267 If you have neither Net::FTP nor LWP, there is a fallback mechanism
3268 implemented for an external ftp command or for an external lynx
3273 =head2 Finding packages and VERSION
3275 This module presumes that all packages on CPAN
3281 declare their $VERSION variable in an easy to parse manner. This
3282 prerequisite can hardly be relaxed because it consumes far too much
3283 memory to load all packages into the running program just to determine
3284 the $VERSION variable. Currently all programs that are dealing with
3285 version use something like this
3287 perl -MExtUtils::MakeMaker -le \
3288 'print MM->parse_version(shift)' filename
3290 If you are author of a package and wonder if your $VERSION can be
3291 parsed, please try the above method.
3295 come as compressed or gzipped tarfiles or as zip files and contain a
3296 C<Makefile.PL> or C<Build.PL> (well, we try to handle a bit more, but
3297 with little enthusiasm).
3303 Debugging this module is more than a bit complex due to interference from
3304 the software producing the indices on CPAN, the mirroring process on CPAN,
3305 packaging, configuration, synchronicity, and even (gasp!) due to bugs
3306 within the CPAN.pm module itself.
3308 For debugging the code of CPAN.pm itself in interactive mode, some
3309 debugging aid can be turned on for most packages within
3314 =item o debug package...
3316 sets debug mode for packages.
3318 =item o debug -package...
3320 unsets debug mode for packages.
3324 turns debugging on for all packages.
3326 =item o debug number
3330 which sets the debugging packages directly. Note that C<o debug 0>
3331 turns debugging off.
3333 What seems a successful strategy is the combination of C<reload
3334 cpan> and the debugging switches. Add a new debug statement while
3335 running in the shell and then issue a C<reload cpan> and see the new
3336 debugging messages immediately without losing the current context.
3338 C<o debug> without an argument lists the valid package names and the
3339 current set of packages in debugging mode. C<o debug> has built-in
3342 For debugging of CPAN data there is the C<dump> command which takes
3343 the same arguments as make/test/install and outputs each object's
3344 Data::Dumper dump. If an argument looks like a perl variable and
3345 contains one of C<$>, C<@> or C<%>, it is eval()ed and fed to
3346 Data::Dumper directly.
3348 =head2 Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
3350 CPAN.pm works nicely without network access, too. If you maintain machines
3351 that are not networked at all, you should consider working with C<file:>
3352 URLs. You'll have to collect your modules somewhere first. So
3353 you might use CPAN.pm to put together all you need on a networked
3354 machine. Then copy the $CPAN::Config->{keep_source_where} (but not
3355 $CPAN::Config->{build_dir}) directory on a floppy. This floppy is kind
3356 of a personal CPAN. CPAN.pm on the non-networked machines works nicely
3357 with this floppy. See also below the paragraph about CD-ROM support.
3359 =head2 Basic Utilities for Programmers
3363 =item has_inst($module)
3365 Returns true if the module is installed. Used to load all modules into
3366 the running CPAN.pm that are considered optional. The config variable
3367 C<dontload_list> intercepts the C<has_inst()> call such
3368 that an optional module is not loaded despite being available. For
3369 example, the following command will prevent C<YAML.pm> from being
3372 cpan> o conf dontload_list push YAML
3374 See the source for details.
3376 =item has_usable($module)
3378 Returns true if the module is installed and in a usable state. Only
3379 useful for a handful of modules that are used internally. See the
3382 =item instance($module)
3384 The constructor for all the singletons used to represent modules,
3385 distributions, authors, and bundles. If the object already exists, this
3386 method returns the object; otherwise, it calls the constructor.
3392 There's no strong security layer in CPAN.pm. CPAN.pm helps you to
3393 install foreign, unmasked, unsigned code on your machine. We compare
3394 to a checksum that comes from the net just as the distribution file
3395 itself. But we try to make it easy to add security on demand:
3397 =head2 Cryptographically signed modules
3399 Since release 1.77, CPAN.pm has been able to verify cryptographically
3400 signed module distributions using Module::Signature. The CPAN modules
3401 can be signed by their authors, thus giving more security. The simple
3402 unsigned MD5 checksums that were used before by CPAN protect mainly
3403 against accidental file corruption.
3405 You will need to have Module::Signature installed, which in turn
3406 requires that you have at least one of Crypt::OpenPGP module or the
3407 command-line F<gpg> tool installed.
3409 You will also need to be able to connect over the Internet to the public
3410 key servers, like pgp.mit.edu, and their port 11731 (the HKP protocol).
3412 The configuration parameter check_sigs is there to turn signature
3417 Most functions in package CPAN are exported by default. The reason
3418 for this is that the primary use is intended for the cpan shell or for
3423 When the CPAN shell enters a subshell via the look command, it sets
3424 the environment CPAN_SHELL_LEVEL to 1, or increments that variable if it is
3427 When CPAN runs, it sets the environment variable PERL5_CPAN_IS_RUNNING
3428 to the ID of the running process. It also sets
3429 PERL5_CPANPLUS_IS_RUNNING to prevent runaway processes which could
3430 happen with older versions of Module::Install.
3432 When running C<perl Makefile.PL>, the environment variable
3433 C<PERL5_CPAN_IS_EXECUTING> is set to the full path of the
3434 C<Makefile.PL> that is being executed. This prevents runaway processes
3435 with newer versions of Module::Install.
3437 When the config variable ftp_passive is set, all downloads will be run
3438 with the environment variable FTP_PASSIVE set to this value. This is
3439 in general a good idea as it influences both Net::FTP and LWP based
3440 connections. The same effect can be achieved by starting the cpan
3441 shell with this environment variable set. For Net::FTP alone, one can
3442 also always set passive mode by running libnetcfg.
3444 =head1 POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
3446 Populating a freshly installed perl with one's favorite modules is pretty
3447 easy if you maintain a private bundle definition file. To get a useful
3448 blueprint of a bundle definition file, the command autobundle can be used
3449 on the CPAN shell command line. This command writes a bundle definition
3450 file for all modules installed for the current perl
3451 interpreter. It's recommended to run this command once only, and from then
3452 on maintain the file manually under a private name, say
3453 Bundle/my_bundle.pm. With a clever bundle file you can then simply say
3455 cpan> install Bundle::my_bundle
3457 then answer a few questions and go out for coffee (possibly
3458 even in a different city).
3460 Maintaining a bundle definition file means keeping track of two
3461 things: dependencies and interactivity. CPAN.pm sometimes fails on
3462 calculating dependencies because not all modules define all MakeMaker
3463 attributes correctly, so a bundle definition file should specify
3464 prerequisites as early as possible. On the other hand, it's
3465 annoying that so many distributions need some interactive configuring. So
3466 what you can try to accomplish in your private bundle file is to have the
3467 packages that need to be configured early in the file and the gentle
3468 ones later, so you can go out for coffee after a few minutes and leave CPAN.pm
3469 to churn away unattended.
3471 =head1 WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
3473 Thanks to Graham Barr for contributing the following paragraphs about
3474 the interaction between perl, and various firewall configurations. For
3475 further information on firewalls, it is recommended to consult the
3476 documentation that comes with the I<ncftp> program. If you are unable to
3477 go through the firewall with a simple Perl setup, it is likely
3478 that you can configure I<ncftp> so that it works through your firewall.
3480 =head2 Three basic types of firewalls
3482 Firewalls can be categorized into three basic types.
3488 This is when the firewall machine runs a web server, and to access the
3489 outside world, you must do so via that web server. If you set environment
3490 variables like http_proxy or ftp_proxy to values beginning with http://,
3491 or in your web browser you've proxy information set, then you know
3492 you are running behind an http firewall.
3494 To access servers outside these types of firewalls with perl (even for
3495 ftp), you need LWP or HTTP::Tiny.
3499 This where the firewall machine runs an ftp server. This kind of
3500 firewall will only let you access ftp servers outside the firewall.
3501 This is usually done by connecting to the firewall with ftp, then
3502 entering a username like "user@outside.host.com".
3504 To access servers outside these type of firewalls with perl, you
3507 =item One-way visibility
3509 One-way visibility means these firewalls try to make themselves
3510 invisible to users inside the firewall. An FTP data connection is
3511 normally created by sending your IP address to the remote server and then
3512 listening for the return connection. But the remote server will not be able to
3513 connect to you because of the firewall. For these types of firewall,
3514 FTP connections need to be done in a passive mode.
3516 There are two that I can think off.
3522 If you are using a SOCKS firewall, you will need to compile perl and link
3523 it with the SOCKS library. This is what is normally called a 'socksified'
3524 perl. With this executable you will be able to connect to servers outside
3525 the firewall as if it were not there.
3529 This is when the firewall implemented in the kernel (via NAT, or networking
3530 address translation), it allows you to hide a complete network behind one
3531 IP address. With this firewall no special compiling is needed as you can
3532 access hosts directly.
3534 For accessing ftp servers behind such firewalls you usually need to
3535 set the environment variable C<FTP_PASSIVE> or the config variable
3536 ftp_passive to a true value.
3542 =head2 Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
3544 If you can go through your firewall with e.g. lynx, presumably with a
3547 /usr/local/bin/lynx -pscott:tiger
3549 then you would configure CPAN.pm with the command
3551 o conf lynx "/usr/local/bin/lynx -pscott:tiger"
3553 That's all. Similarly for ncftp or ftp, you would configure something
3556 o conf ncftp "/usr/bin/ncftp -f /home/scott/ncftplogin.cfg"
3558 Your mileage may vary...
3566 I installed a new version of module X but CPAN keeps saying,
3567 I have the old version installed
3569 Probably you B<do> have the old version installed. This can
3570 happen if a module installs itself into a different directory in the
3571 @INC path than it was previously installed. This is not really a
3572 CPAN.pm problem, you would have the same problem when installing the
3573 module manually. The easiest way to prevent this behaviour is to add
3574 the argument C<UNINST=1> to the C<make install> call, and that is why
3575 many people add this argument permanently by configuring
3577 o conf make_install_arg UNINST=1
3581 So why is UNINST=1 not the default?
3583 Because there are people who have their precise expectations about who
3584 may install where in the @INC path and who uses which @INC array. In
3585 fine tuned environments C<UNINST=1> can cause damage.
3589 I want to clean up my mess, and install a new perl along with
3590 all modules I have. How do I go about it?
3592 Run the autobundle command for your old perl and optionally rename the
3593 resulting bundle file (e.g. Bundle/mybundle.pm), install the new perl
3594 with the Configure option prefix, e.g.
3596 ./Configure -Dprefix=/usr/local/perl-5.6.78.9
3598 Install the bundle file you produced in the first step with something like
3600 cpan> install Bundle::mybundle
3606 When I install bundles or multiple modules with one command
3607 there is too much output to keep track of.
3609 You may want to configure something like
3611 o conf make_arg "| tee -ai /root/.cpan/logs/make.out"
3612 o conf make_install_arg "| tee -ai /root/.cpan/logs/make_install.out"
3614 so that STDOUT is captured in a file for later inspection.
3619 I am not root, how can I install a module in a personal directory?
3621 As of CPAN 1.9463, if you do not have permission to write the default perl
3622 library directories, CPAN's configuration process will ask you whether
3623 you want to bootstrap <local::lib>, which makes keeping a personal
3624 perl library directory easy.
3626 Another thing you should bear in mind is that the UNINST parameter can
3627 be dangerous when you are installing into a private area because you
3628 might accidentally remove modules that other people depend on that are
3629 not using the private area.
3633 How to get a package, unwrap it, and make a change before building it?
3635 Have a look at the C<look> (!) command.
3639 I installed a Bundle and had a couple of fails. When I
3640 retried, everything resolved nicely. Can this be fixed to work
3643 The reason for this is that CPAN does not know the dependencies of all
3644 modules when it starts out. To decide about the additional items to
3645 install, it just uses data found in the META.yml file or the generated
3646 Makefile. An undetected missing piece breaks the process. But it may
3647 well be that your Bundle installs some prerequisite later than some
3648 depending item and thus your second try is able to resolve everything.
3649 Please note, CPAN.pm does not know the dependency tree in advance and
3650 cannot sort the queue of things to install in a topologically correct
3651 order. It resolves perfectly well B<if> all modules declare the
3652 prerequisites correctly with the PREREQ_PM attribute to MakeMaker or
3653 the C<requires> stanza of Module::Build. For bundles which fail and
3654 you need to install often, it is recommended to sort the Bundle
3655 definition file manually.
3659 In our intranet, we have many modules for internal use. How
3660 can I integrate these modules with CPAN.pm but without uploading
3661 the modules to CPAN?
3663 Have a look at the CPAN::Site module.
3667 When I run CPAN's shell, I get an error message about things in my
3668 C</etc/inputrc> (or C<~/.inputrc>) file.
3670 These are readline issues and can only be fixed by studying readline
3671 configuration on your architecture and adjusting the referenced file
3672 accordingly. Please make a backup of the C</etc/inputrc> or C<~/.inputrc>
3673 and edit them. Quite often harmless changes like uppercasing or
3674 lowercasing some arguments solves the problem.
3678 Some authors have strange characters in their names.
3680 Internally CPAN.pm uses the UTF-8 charset. If your terminal is
3681 expecting ISO-8859-1 charset, a converter can be activated by setting
3682 term_is_latin to a true value in your config file. One way of doing so
3685 cpan> o conf term_is_latin 1
3687 If other charset support is needed, please file a bug report against
3688 CPAN.pm at rt.cpan.org and describe your needs. Maybe we can extend
3689 the support or maybe UTF-8 terminals become widely available.
3691 Note: this config variable is deprecated and will be removed in a
3692 future version of CPAN.pm. It will be replaced with the conventions
3693 around the family of $LANG and $LC_* environment variables.
3697 When an install fails for some reason and then I correct the error
3698 condition and retry, CPAN.pm refuses to install the module, saying
3699 C<Already tried without success>.
3701 Use the force pragma like so
3703 force install Foo::Bar
3709 and then C<make install> directly in the subshell.
3713 How do I install a "DEVELOPER RELEASE" of a module?
3715 By default, CPAN will install the latest non-developer release of a
3716 module. If you want to install a dev release, you have to specify the
3717 partial path starting with the author id to the tarball you wish to
3720 cpan> install KWILLIAMS/Module-Build-0.27_07.tar.gz
3722 Note that you can use the C<ls> command to get this path listed.
3726 How do I install a module and all its dependencies from the commandline,
3727 without being prompted for anything, despite my CPAN configuration
3730 CPAN uses ExtUtils::MakeMaker's prompt() function to ask its questions, so
3731 if you set the PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT environment variable, you shouldn't be
3732 asked any questions at all (assuming the modules you are installing are
3733 nice about obeying that variable as well):
3735 % PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 perl -MCPAN -e 'install My::Module'
3739 How do I create a Module::Build based Build.PL derived from an
3740 ExtUtils::MakeMaker focused Makefile.PL?
3742 http://search.cpan.org/dist/Module-Build-Convert/
3746 I'm frequently irritated with the CPAN shell's inability to help me
3747 select a good mirror.
3749 CPAN can now help you select a "good" mirror, based on which ones have the
3750 lowest 'ping' round-trip times. From the shell, use the command 'o conf init
3751 urllist' and allow CPAN to automatically select mirrors for you.
3753 Beyond that help, the urllist config parameter is yours. You can add and remove
3754 sites at will. You should find out which sites have the best up-to-dateness,
3755 bandwidth, reliability, etc. and are topologically close to you. Some people
3756 prefer fast downloads, others up-to-dateness, others reliability. You decide
3757 which to try in which order.
3759 Henk P. Penning maintains a site that collects data about CPAN sites:
3761 http://www.cs.uu.nl/people/henkp/mirmon/cpan.html
3763 Also, feel free to play with experimental features. Run
3765 o conf init randomize_urllist ftpstats_period ftpstats_size
3767 and choose your favorite parameters. After a few downloads running the
3768 C<hosts> command will probably assist you in choosing the best mirror
3773 Why do I get asked the same questions every time I start the shell?
3775 You can make your configuration changes permanent by calling the
3776 command C<o conf commit>. Alternatively set the C<auto_commit>
3777 variable to true by running C<o conf init auto_commit> and answering
3778 the following question with yes.
3782 Older versions of CPAN.pm had the original root directory of all
3783 tarballs in the build directory. Now there are always random
3784 characters appended to these directory names. Why was this done?
3786 The random characters are provided by File::Temp and ensure that each
3787 module's individual build directory is unique. This makes running
3788 CPAN.pm in concurrent processes simultaneously safe.
3792 Speaking of the build directory. Do I have to clean it up myself?
3794 You have the choice to set the config variable C<scan_cache> to
3795 C<never>. Then you must clean it up yourself. The other possible
3796 values, C<atstart> and C<atexit> clean up the build directory when you
3797 start (or more precisely, after the first extraction into the build
3798 directory) or exit the CPAN shell, respectively. If you never start up
3799 the CPAN shell, you probably also have to clean up the build directory
3804 =head1 COMPATIBILITY
3806 =head2 OLD PERL VERSIONS
3808 CPAN.pm is regularly tested to run under 5.005 and assorted
3809 newer versions. It is getting more and more difficult to get the
3810 minimal prerequisites working on older perls. It is close to
3811 impossible to get the whole Bundle::CPAN working there. If you're in
3812 the position to have only these old versions, be advised that CPAN is
3813 designed to work fine without the Bundle::CPAN installed.
3815 To get things going, note that GBARR/Scalar-List-Utils-1.18.tar.gz is
3816 compatible with ancient perls and that File::Temp is listed as a
3817 prerequisite but CPAN has reasonable workarounds if it is missing.
3821 This module and its competitor, the CPANPLUS module, are both much
3822 cooler than the other. CPAN.pm is older. CPANPLUS was designed to be
3823 more modular, but it was never intended to be compatible with CPAN.pm.
3827 In the year 2010 App::cpanminus was launched as a new approach to a
3828 cpan shell with a considerably smaller footprint. Very cool stuff.
3830 =head1 SECURITY ADVICE
3832 This software enables you to upgrade software on your computer and so
3833 is inherently dangerous because the newly installed software may
3834 contain bugs and may alter the way your computer works or even make it
3835 unusable. Please consider backing up your data before every upgrade.
3839 Please report bugs via L<http://rt.cpan.org/>
3841 Before submitting a bug, please make sure that the traditional method
3842 of building a Perl module package from a shell by following the
3843 installation instructions of that package still works in your
3848 Andreas Koenig C<< <andk@cpan.org> >>
3852 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
3853 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
3855 See L<http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>
3859 Kawai,Takanori provides a Japanese translation of a very old version
3861 L<http://homepage3.nifty.com/hippo2000/perltips/CPAN.htm>
3865 Many people enter the CPAN shell by running the L<cpan> utility
3866 program which is installed in the same directory as perl itself. So if
3867 you have this directory in your PATH variable (or some equivalent in
3868 your operating system) then typing C<cpan> in a console window will
3869 work for you as well. Above that the utility provides several
3870 commandline shortcuts.
3872 melezhik (Alexey) sent me a link where he published a chef recipe to
3873 work with CPAN.pm: http://community.opscode.com/cookbooks/cpan.