perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *    Copyright (c) 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
   5  *
   6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   8  *
   9  */
  10
  11 /*
  12  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  13  * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  14  *
  15  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  16  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  17  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  18  *
  19  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  20  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  21  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  22  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  23  *
  24  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  25  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  26  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  27  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  28  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  29  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  30  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  31  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  32  *
  33  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  34  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  35  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  36  *
  37  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  38  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  39  * an action.
  40  */
  41
  42 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  43
  44 %pure_parser
  45
  46 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  47
  48 %start prog
  49
  50 %union {
  51     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  52                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  53     char *pval;
  54     OP *opval;
  55     GV *gvval;
  56 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  57     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  58     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  59 #else
  60     char *p_tkval;
  61     I32 i_tkval;
  62 #endif
  63 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  64     TOKEN* tkval;
  65 #endif
  66 }
  67
  68 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
  69
  70 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
  71 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  72 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  73 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  74 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  75 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  76 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
  77 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  78 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  79 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  80 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  81 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR
  82
  83 %type <ival> prog progstart remember mremember
  84 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  85 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  86 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  87
  88 %type <opval> decl format subrout mysubrout package use peg
  89
  90 %type <opval> block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  91 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  92 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
  93 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
  94 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
  95 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
  96 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
  97 %type <opval> switch case
  98 %type <p_tkval> label
  99
 100 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 101 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 102
 103 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 104 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 105 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 106 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 107 %left <i_tkval> ','
 108 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 109 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 110 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
 111 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 112 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 113 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 114 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 115 %nonassoc EQOP
 116 %nonassoc RELOP
 117 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 118 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 119 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 120 %left ADDOP
 121 %left MULOP
 122 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 123 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 124 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 125 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 126 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 127 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 128 %left <i_tkval> '('
 129 %left '[' '{'
 130
 131 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 132
 133 %% /* RULES */
 134
 135 /* The whole program */
 136 prog    :       progstart
 137         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
 138                         { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
 139         ;
 140
 141 /* An ordinary block */
 142 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
 143                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 144                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 145                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 146                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 147                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 148                         }
 149         ;
 150
 151 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 152                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 153         ;
 154
 155 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 156                         { $$ = (I32) allocmy("$_"); }
 157         ;
 158
 159 progstart:
 160                 {
 161                     PL_parser->expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
 162                 }
 163         ;
 164
 165
 166 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 167                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 168                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 169                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 170                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 171                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 172                         }
 173         ;
 174
 175 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 176                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 177         ;
 178
 179 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
 180 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 181                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 182         |       lineseq decl
 183                         {
 184                         $$ = IF_MAD(
 185                                 append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 186                                     (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2),
 187                                 $1);
 188                         }
 189         |       lineseq line
 190                         {   $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 191                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2);
 192                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 193                             if ($1 && $2)
 194                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 195                         }
 196         ;
 197
 198 /* A "line" in the program */
 199 line    :       label cond
 200                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 201                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 202         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 203         |       switch  /* ... and so do switches */
 204                         { $$ = $1; }
 205         |       label case
 206                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
 207         |       label ';'
 208                         {
 209                           if (PVAL($1)) {
 210                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 211                               TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'L');
 212                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,';');
 213                           }
 214                           else {
 215                               $$ = IF_MAD(
 216                                         newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 217                                         (OP*)NULL);
 218                               PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
 219                               TOKEN_FREE($1);
 220                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 221                           }
 222                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 223                         }
 224         |       label sideff ';'
 225                         {
 226                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 227                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 228                           DO_MAD({
 229                               /* sideff might already have a nexstate */
 230                               OP* op = ((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first;
 231                               if (op) {
 232                                   while (op->op_sibling &&
 233                                      op->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)
 234                                         op = op->op_sibling;
 235                                   token_getmad($1,op,'L');
 236                                   token_getmad($3,op,';');
 237                               }
 238                           })
 239                         }
 240         ;
 241
 242 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 243 sideff  :       error
 244                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 245         |       expr
 246                         { $$ = $1; }
 247         |       expr IF expr
 248                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 249                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 250                         }
 251         |       expr UNLESS expr
 252                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 253                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 254                         }
 255         |       expr WHILE expr
 256                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 257                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 258                         }
 259         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 260                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 261                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 262                         }
 263         |       expr FOR expr
 264                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, (line_t)IVAL($2),
 265                                         (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
 266                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first->op_sibling,'w');
 267                         }
 268         ;
 269
 270 /* else and elsif blocks */
 271 else    :       /* NULL */
 272                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 273         |       ELSE mblock
 274                         { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2);
 275                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 276                         }
 277         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 278                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 279                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3), scope($5), $6);
 280                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 281                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 282                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 283                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 284                         }
 285         ;
 286
 287 /* Real conditional expressions */
 288 cond    :       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 289                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 290                             $$ = block_end($3,
 291                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 292                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 293                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 294                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 295                         }
 296         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 297                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 298                             $$ = block_end($3,
 299                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 300                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 301                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 302                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 303                         }
 304         ;
 305
 306 /* Cases for a switch statement */
 307 case    :       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 308         { $$ = block_end($3,
 309                 newWHENOP($4, scope($6))); }
 310         |       DEFAULT block
 311         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, scope($2)); }
 312         ;
 313
 314 /* Continue blocks */
 315 cont    :       /* NULL */
 316                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 317         |       CONTINUE block
 318                         { $$ = scope($2);
 319                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 320                         }
 321         ;
 322
 323 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
 324 loop    :       label WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 325                         { OP *innerop;
 326                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)$2;
 327                             $$ = block_end($4,
 328                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 329                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 330                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 331                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 332                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 333                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 334                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 335                         }
 336
 337         |       label UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 338                         { OP *innerop;
 339                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)$2;
 340                             $$ = block_end($4,
 341                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 342                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 343                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 344                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 345                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 346                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 347                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 348                         }
 349         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 350                         { OP *innerop;
 351                           $$ = block_end($4,
 352                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 353                                             $5, $7, $9, $10));
 354                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 355                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 356                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'d');
 357                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 358                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 359                         }
 360         |       label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 361                         { OP *innerop;
 362                           $$ = block_end($5,
 363                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 364                                     mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
 365                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 366                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 367                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 368                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 369                         }
 370         |       label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 371                         { OP *innerop;
 372                           $$ = block_end($4,
 373                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 374                                                     (OP*)NULL, $5, $7, $8));
 375                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 376                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 377                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 378                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 379                         }
 380         |       label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 381                     mblock
 382                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 383                         { OP *forop;
 384                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 385                           forop = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 386                                             newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 387                                                 IVAL($2), scalar($7),
 388                                                 $12, $10, $9));
 389 #ifdef MAD
 390                           forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 391                                 newSTATEOP(0,
 392                                            CopLABEL_alloc(($1)->tk_lval.pval),
 393                                            ($5 ? $5 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0)) ),
 394                                 forop));
 395
 396                           token_getmad($2,forop,'3');
 397                           token_getmad($3,forop,'(');
 398                           token_getmad($6,forop,'1');
 399                           token_getmad($8,forop,'2');
 400                           token_getmad($11,forop,')');
 401                           token_getmad($1,forop,'L');
 402 #else
 403                           if ($5) {
 404                                 forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 405                                         newSTATEOP(0, CopLABEL_alloc($1), $5),
 406                                         forop);
 407                           }
 408
 409
 410 #endif
 411                           $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
 412         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 413                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 414                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 415                                             NOLINE, (OP*)NULL, $2, $3, 0));
 416                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 417         ;
 418
 419 /* Switch blocks */
 420 switch  :       label GIVEN '(' remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 421                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t) $2;
 422                             $$ = block_end($4,
 423                                 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 424                                     newGIVENOP($6, scope($8),
 425                                         (PADOFFSET) $5) )); }
 426         ;
 427
 428 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 429 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 430                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 431                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 432                           intro_my(); }
 433
 434 /* Normal expression */
 435 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 436                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 437         |       sideff
 438         ;
 439
 440 /* Boolean expression */
 441 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 442                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 443                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 444                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 445         |       expr
 446         ;
 447
 448 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 449 iexpr   :       expr
 450                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 451         ;
 452
 453 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 454 mexpr   :       expr
 455                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 456         ;
 457
 458 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 459                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 460         ;
 461
 462 miexpr  :       iexpr
 463                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 464         ;
 465
 466 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 467 label   :       /* empty */
 468                         {
 469 #ifdef MAD
 470                           YYSTYPE tmplval;
 471                           tmplval.pval = NULL;
 472                           $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0);
 473 #else
 474                           $$ = NULL;
 475 #endif
 476                         }
 477         |       LABEL
 478         ;
 479
 480 /* Some kind of declaration - just hang on peg in the parse tree */
 481 decl    :       format
 482                         { $$ = $1; }
 483         |       subrout
 484                         { $$ = $1; }
 485         |       mysubrout
 486                         { $$ = $1; }
 487         |       package
 488                         { $$ = $1; }
 489         |       use
 490                         { $$ = $1; }
 491
 492     /* these two are only used by MAD */
 493
 494         |       peg
 495                         { $$ = $1; }
 496         ;
 497
 498 peg     :       PEG
 499                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 500                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 501                         }
 502         ;
 503
 504 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 505                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 506 #ifdef MAD
 507                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 508                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 509                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 510                           token_free($1);
 511 #else
 512                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 513                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 514 #endif
 515                         }
 516         ;
 517
 518 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 519         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 520         ;
 521
 522 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 523 mysubrout:      MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 524                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 525 #ifdef MAD
 526                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 527                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 528 #else
 529                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 530                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 531 #endif
 532                         }
 533         ;
 534
 535 /* Subroutine definition */
 536 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 537                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 538 #ifdef MAD
 539                           {
 540                               OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 541                                 (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 542                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 543                               op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 544                               op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 545                               op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 546                               op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 547                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 548                               append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 549                               $6->op_madprop = 0;
 550                             }
 551 #else
 552                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 553                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 554 #endif
 555                         }
 556         ;
 557
 558 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 559                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 560                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 561
 562         ;
 563
 564 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 565                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 566                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 567         ;
 568
 569 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 570                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 571                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 572         ;
 573
 574 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 575 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 576                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 577                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 578                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 579                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 580                           $$ = $1; }
 581         ;
 582
 583 /* Subroutine prototype */
 584 proto   :       /* NULL */
 585                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 586         |       THING
 587         ;
 588
 589 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 590 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 591                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 592         |       COLONATTR THING
 593                         { $$ = $2;
 594                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 595                         }
 596         |       COLONATTR
 597                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 598                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 599                                     (OP*)NULL
 600                                 );
 601                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 602                         }
 603         ;
 604
 605 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 606 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 607                         { $$ = $2;
 608                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 609                         }
 610         |       COLONATTR
 611                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 612                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 613                                     (OP*)NULL
 614                                 );
 615                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 616                         }
 617         ;
 618
 619 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 620 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 621         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 622                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 623                                     (OP*)NULL
 624                                 );
 625                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 626                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 627                         }
 628         ;
 629
 630 package :       PACKAGE WORD ';'
 631                         {
 632 #ifdef MAD
 633                           $$ = package($2);
 634                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 635                           token_getmad($3,$$,';');
 636 #else
 637                           package($2);
 638                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 639 #endif
 640                         }
 641         ;
 642
 643 use     :       USE startsub
 644                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 645                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 646                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 647 #ifdef MAD
 648                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 649                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 650                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 651                           if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
 652                                       AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 653                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_PV, "", 0), $$, 0);
 654 #else
 655                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 656                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 657 #endif
 658                         }
 659         ;
 660
 661 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 662 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 663                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 664                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 665                         }
 666         |       expr OROP expr
 667                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 668                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 669                         }
 670         |       expr DOROP expr
 671                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 672                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 673                         }
 674         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 675         ;
 676
 677 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 678 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 679                         {
 680 #ifdef MAD
 681                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 682                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 683                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 684 #else
 685                           $$ = $1;
 686 #endif
 687                         }
 688         |       argexpr ',' term
 689                         {
 690                           OP* term = $3;
 691                           DO_MAD(
 692                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 693                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 694                           )
 695                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 696                         }
 697         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 698         ;
 699
 700 /* List operators */
 701 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 702                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 703                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 704                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 705                         }
 706         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 707                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 708                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 709                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 710                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 711                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 712                         }
 713         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 714                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 715                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 716                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 717                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 718                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 719                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 720                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 721                         }
 722         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 723                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 724                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 725                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 726                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 727                         }
 728         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 729                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 730                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 731                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 732                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 733                         }
 734         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 735                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 736                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 737                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 738                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 739                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 740                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 741                         }
 742         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 743                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 744                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 745                         }
 746         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 747                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 748                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 749                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 750                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 751                         }
 752         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 753                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 754                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
 755                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 756                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 757                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 758                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 759                         }
 760         ;
 761
 762 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 763 method  :       METHOD
 764         |       scalar
 765         ;
 766
 767 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 768 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 769                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 770                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 771                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 772                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 773                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 774                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 775                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 776                         }
 777         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 778                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 779                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 780                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 781                         }
 782         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 783                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 784                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 785                                         scalar($4));
 786                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 787                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 788                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 789                         }
 790         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 791                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 792                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 793                                         scalar($3));
 794                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 795                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 796                         }
 797         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 798                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 799                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 800                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 801                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 802                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 803                         }
 804         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 805                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 806                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 807                                         jmaybe($4));
 808                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 809                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 810                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 811                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 812                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 813                         }
 814         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 815                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 816                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 817                                         jmaybe($3));
 818                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 819                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 820                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 821                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 822                         }
 823         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 824                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 825                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 826                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 827                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 828                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 829                         }
 830         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 831                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 832                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 833                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 834                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 835                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 836                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 837                         }
 838
 839         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 840                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 841                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 842                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 843                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 844                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 845                         }
 846         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 847                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 848                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 849                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 850                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 851                         }
 852         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 853                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 854                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 855                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 856                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 857                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 858                         }
 859         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 860                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
 861                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 862                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 863                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 864                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 865                         }
 866     ;
 867
 868 /* Binary operators between terms */
 869 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 870                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 871                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 872                         }
 873         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 874                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 875                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 876                         }
 877         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 878                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 879                                 scalar($1);
 880                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 881                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 882                         }
 883         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 884                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 885                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 886                         }
 887         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 888                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 889                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 890                         }
 891         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 892                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 893                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 894                         }
 895         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 896                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 897                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 898                         }
 899         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 900                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 901                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 902                         }
 903         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 904                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 905                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 906                         }
 907         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 908                         {
 909                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 910                           DO_MAD({
 911                               UNOP *op;
 912                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 913                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 914                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 915                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 916                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 917                             })
 918                         }
 919         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 920                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 921                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 922                         }
 923         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 924                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 925                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 926                         }
 927         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 928                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 929                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 930                         }
 931         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 932                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
 933                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
 934                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
 935                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
 936                                 '~');
 937                         }
 938     ;
 939
 940 /* Unary operators and terms */
 941 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 942                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
 943                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 944                         }
 945         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 946                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 947                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
 948                                     $2
 949                                 );
 950                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
 951                         }
 952         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 953                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
 954                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 955                         }
 956         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 957                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
 958                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 959                         }
 960         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 961                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 962                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
 963                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 964                         }
 965         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 966                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 967                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
 968                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 969                         }
 970         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
 971                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 972                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
 973                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 974                         }
 975         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
 976                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 977                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
 978                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 979                         }
 980
 981     ;
 982
 983 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
 984 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
 985                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
 986                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 987                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
 988                         }
 989         |       '[' ']'
 990                         { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
 991                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 992                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
 993                         }
 994         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
 995                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
 996                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 997                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
 998                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 999                         }
1000         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1001                         { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1002                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1003                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1004                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1005                         }
1006         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1007                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1008                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1009                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1010                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1011                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1012                         }
1013
1014     ;
1015
1016 /* Things called with "do" */
1017 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1018                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1019                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1020                         }
1021         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1022                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2));
1023                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1024                         }
1025         |       DO WORD '(' ')'                         /* do somesub() */
1026                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1027                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1028                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1029                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1030                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1031                                     scalar($2)
1032                                 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1033                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1034                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1035                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1036                         }
1037         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'                    /* do somesub(@args) */
1038                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1039                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1040                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
1041                                 $4,
1042                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1043                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1044                                     scalar($2)
1045                                 )))); dep();
1046                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1047                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1048                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1049                         }
1050         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                      /* do $subref () */
1051                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1052                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1053                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1054                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1055                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1056                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1057                         }
1058         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'                 /* do $subref (@args) */
1059                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1060                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1061                                 $4,
1062                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1063                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1064                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1065                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1066                         }
1067
1068         ;
1069
1070 term    :       termbinop
1071         |       termunop
1072         |       anonymous
1073         |       termdo
1074         |       term '?' term ':' term
1075                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1076                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1077                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1078                         }
1079         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1080                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN));
1081                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1082                         }
1083         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1084                         { $$ = $1; }
1085         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1086                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1087                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1088                         }
1089         |       '(' expr ')'
1090                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1091                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1092                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1093                         }
1094         |       '(' ')'
1095                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1096                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1097                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1098                         }
1099         |       scalar  %prec '('
1100                         { $$ = $1; }
1101         |       star    %prec '('
1102                         { $$ = $1; }
1103         |       hsh     %prec '('
1104                         { $$ = $1; }
1105         |       ary     %prec '('
1106                         { $$ = $1; }
1107         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1108                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1109         |       subscripted
1110                         { $$ = $1; }
1111         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1112                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1113                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1114                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1115                                         list($3),
1116                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1117                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1118                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1119                         }
1120         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1121                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1122                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1123                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1124                                         list($3),
1125                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1126                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1127                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1128                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1129                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1130                         }
1131         |       THING   %prec '('
1132                         { $$ = $1; }
1133         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1134                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1135         |       amper '(' ')'                        /* &foo() */
1136                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1137                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1138                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1139                         }
1140         |       amper '(' expr ')'                   /* &foo(@args) */
1141                         {
1142                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1143                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1144                           DO_MAD({
1145                               OP* op = $$;
1146                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1147                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1148                               }
1149                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1150                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1151                           })
1152                         }
1153         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
1154                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1155                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1156                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1157                         }
1158         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1159                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1160                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1161                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1162                         }
1163         |       LOOPEX term
1164                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1165                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1166                         }
1167         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
1168                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1169                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1170                         }
1171         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1172                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1173                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1174                         }
1175         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1176                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1177                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1178                         }
1179         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1180                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1181                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1182                         }
1183         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
1184                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1185                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1186                         }
1187         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
1188                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1189                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1190                         }
1191         |       UNIOPSUB
1192                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1193         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1194                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1195                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1196         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1197                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1198                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1199                         }
1200         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1201                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1202                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1203                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1204                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1205                         }
1206         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1207                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1208                                 scalar($1)); }
1209         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1210                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1211                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1212                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1213
1214                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1215                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1216                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1217                         }
1218         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1219                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1220                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1221                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1222                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1223                         }
1224         |       PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')'          /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1225                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1226                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1227                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1228                         }
1229         |       WORD
1230         |       listop
1231         |       YADAYADA
1232                         {
1233                           $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1234                                 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1235                         }
1236         ;
1237
1238 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1239 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1240                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1241                           DO_MAD(
1242                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1243                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1244                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1245                           )
1246                         }
1247         |       MY myterm
1248                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1249                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1250                         }
1251         ;
1252
1253 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1254 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1255                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1256                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1257                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1258                         }
1259         |       '(' ')'
1260                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1261                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1262                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1263                         }
1264         |       scalar  %prec '('
1265                         { $$ = $1; }
1266         |       hsh     %prec '('
1267                         { $$ = $1; }
1268         |       ary     %prec '('
1269                         { $$ = $1; }
1270         ;
1271
1272 /* Basic list expressions */
1273 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1274                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1275         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1276                         { $$ = $1; }
1277         ;
1278
1279 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
1280                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1281         |       expr
1282                         { $$ = $1; }
1283         |       expr ','
1284                         {
1285 #ifdef MAD
1286                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
1287                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
1288                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
1289 #else
1290                           $$ = $1;
1291 #endif
1292
1293                         }
1294         ;
1295
1296 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1297    lexical */
1298 my_scalar:      scalar
1299                         { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1300         ;
1301
1302 amper   :       '&' indirob
1303                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1304                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1305                         }
1306         ;
1307
1308 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1309                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1310                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1311                         }
1312         ;
1313
1314 ary     :       '@' indirob
1315                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1316                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1317                         }
1318         ;
1319
1320 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1321                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1322                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1323                         }
1324         ;
1325
1326 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1327                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1328                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1329                         }
1330         ;
1331
1332 star    :       '*' indirob
1333                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1334                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1335                         }
1336         ;
1337
1338 /* Indirect objects */
1339 indirob :       WORD
1340                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1341         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1342                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1343         |       block
1344                         { $$ = scope($1); }
1345
1346         |       PRIVATEREF
1347                         { $$ = $1; }
1348         ;