2 # t/test.pl - most of Test::More functionality without the fuss, plus
3 # has mappings native_to_latin1 and latin1_to_native so that fewer tests
4 # on non ASCII-ish platforms need to be skipped
9 # Increment ($x++) has a certain amount of cleverness for things like
12 # $x++; # $x eq 'aaa';
14 # stands more chance of breaking than just a simple
18 # In this file, we use the latter "Baby Perl" approach, and increment
19 # will be worked over by t/op/inc.t
25 my $Perl; # Safer version of $^X set by which_perl()
30 # Use this instead of print to avoid interference while testing globals.
32 local($\, $", $,) = (undef, ' ', '');
37 local($\, $", $,) = (undef, ' ', '');
45 if ($n eq 'no_plan') {
53 _print "1..$n\n" unless $noplan;
58 # Set the plan at the end. See Test::More::done_testing.
71 if (defined $planned && $planned != $ran) {
73 "# Looks like you planned $planned tests but ran $ran.\n";
82 my @mess = _comment(@_);
83 $TODO ? _print(@mess) : _print_stderr(@mess);
86 # Use this instead of "print STDERR" when outputing failure diagnostic
92 # Use this instead of "print" when outputing informational messages
95 _print( _comment(@_) );
99 return map { /^#/ ? "$_\n" : "# $_\n" }
100 map { split /\n/ } @_;
105 _print "1..0 # Skip @_\n";
113 my ($pass, $where, $name, @mess) = @_;
114 # Do not try to microoptimize by factoring out the "not ".
118 # escape out '#' or it will interfere with '# skip' and such
120 $out = $pass ? "ok $test - $name" : "not ok $test - $name";
122 $out = $pass ? "ok $test" : "not ok $test";
125 $out = $out . " # TODO $TODO" if $TODO;
129 _diag "# Failed $where\n";
132 # Ensure that the message is properly escaped.
135 $test = $test + 1; # don't use ++
141 my @caller = caller($Level);
142 return "at $caller[1] line $caller[2]";
145 # DON'T use this for matches. Use like() instead.
147 my ($pass, $name, @mess) = @_;
148 _ok($pass, _where(), $name, @mess);
153 return 'undef' unless defined $x;
162 return defined $x ? '"' . display ($x) . '"' : 'undef';
165 # keys are the codes \n etc map to, values are 2 char strings such as \n
166 my %backslash_escape;
167 foreach my $x (split //, 'nrtfa\\\'"') {
168 $backslash_escape{ord eval "\"\\$x\""} = "\\$x";
170 # A way to display scalars containing control characters and Unicode.
171 # Trying to avoid setting $_, or relying on local $_ to work.
175 if (defined $x and not ref $x) {
177 foreach my $c (unpack("U*", $x)) {
179 $y = $y . sprintf "\\x{%x}", $c;
180 } elsif ($backslash_escape{$c}) {
181 $y = $y . $backslash_escape{$c};
183 my $z = chr $c; # Maybe we can get away with a literal...
184 if ($z =~ /[[:^print:]]/) {
186 # Use octal for characters traditionally expressed as
187 # such: the low controls
189 $z = sprintf "\\%03o", $c;
191 $z = sprintf "\\x{%x}", $c;
199 return $x unless wantarray;
206 my ($got, $expected, $name, @mess) = @_;
209 if( !defined $got || !defined $expected ) {
210 # undef only matches undef
211 $pass = !defined $got && !defined $expected;
214 $pass = $got eq $expected;
218 unshift(@mess, "# got "._qq($got)."\n",
219 "# expected "._qq($expected)."\n");
221 _ok($pass, _where(), $name, @mess);
225 my ($got, $isnt, $name, @mess) = @_;
228 if( !defined $got || !defined $isnt ) {
229 # undef only matches undef
230 $pass = defined $got || defined $isnt;
233 $pass = $got ne $isnt;
237 unshift(@mess, "# it should not be "._qq($got)."\n",
240 _ok($pass, _where(), $name, @mess);
244 my($got, $type, $expected, $name, @mess) = @_;
249 local($@,$!); # don't interfere with $@
250 # eval() sometimes resets $!
251 $pass = eval "\$got $type \$expected";
254 # It seems Irix long doubles can have 2147483648 and 2147483648
255 # that stringify to the same thing but are acutally numerically
256 # different. Display the numbers if $type isn't a string operator,
257 # and the numbers are stringwise the same.
258 # (all string operators have alphabetic names, so tr/a-z// is true)
259 # This will also show numbers for some uneeded cases, but will
260 # definately be helpful for things such as == and <= that fail
261 if ($got eq $expected and $type !~ tr/a-z//) {
262 unshift @mess, "# $got - $expected = " . ($got - $expected) . "\n";
264 unshift(@mess, "# got "._qq($got)."\n",
265 "# expected $type "._qq($expected)."\n");
267 _ok($pass, _where(), $name, @mess);
270 # Check that $got is within $range of $expected
271 # if $range is 0, then check it's exact
272 # else if $expected is 0, then $range is an absolute value
273 # otherwise $range is a fractional error.
274 # Here $range must be numeric, >= 0
275 # Non numeric ranges might be a useful future extension. (eg %)
277 my ($got, $expected, $range, $name, @mess) = @_;
279 if (!defined $got or !defined $expected or !defined $range) {
280 # This is a fail, but doesn't need extra diagnostics
281 } elsif ($got !~ tr/0-9// or $expected !~ tr/0-9// or $range !~ tr/0-9//) {
283 unshift @mess, "# got, expected and range must be numeric\n";
284 } elsif ($range < 0) {
285 # This is also a fail
286 unshift @mess, "# range must not be negative\n";
287 } elsif ($range == 0) {
289 $pass = $got == $expected;
290 } elsif ($expected == 0) {
291 # If expected is 0, treat range as absolute
292 $pass = ($got <= $range) && ($got >= - $range);
294 my $diff = $got - $expected;
295 $pass = abs ($diff / $expected) < $range;
298 if ($got eq $expected) {
299 unshift @mess, "# $got - $expected = " . ($got - $expected) . "\n";
301 unshift@mess, "# got "._qq($got)."\n",
302 "# expected "._qq($expected)." (within "._qq($range).")\n";
304 _ok($pass, _where(), $name, @mess);
307 # Note: this isn't quite as fancy as Test::More::like().
309 sub like ($$@) { like_yn (0,@_) }; # 0 for -
310 sub unlike ($$@) { like_yn (1,@_) }; # 1 for un-
313 my ($flip, $got, $expected, $name, @mess) = @_;
315 $pass = $got =~ /$expected/ if !$flip;
316 $pass = $got !~ /$expected/ if $flip;
318 unshift(@mess, "# got '$got'\n",
320 ? "# expected !~ /$expected/\n" : "# expected /$expected/\n");
322 local $Level = $Level + 1;
323 _ok($pass, _where(), $name, @mess);
331 _ok(0, _where(), @_);
341 $test = $test + 1; # don't use ++
345 # Note: can't pass multipart messages since we try to
346 # be compatible with Test::More::skip().
349 my $n = @_ ? shift : 1;
351 _print "ok $test # skip $why\n";
360 my $n = @_ ? shift : 1;
363 _print "not ok $test # TODO & SKIP $why\n";
372 return 0 unless $#$ra == $#$rb;
373 for my $i (0..$#$ra) {
374 next if !defined $ra->[$i] && !defined $rb->[$i];
375 return 0 if !defined $ra->[$i];
376 return 0 if !defined $rb->[$i];
377 return 0 unless $ra->[$i] eq $rb->[$i];
383 my ($orig, $suspect) = @_;
385 while (my ($key, $value) = each %$suspect) {
386 # Force a hash recompute if this perl's internals can cache the hash key.
388 if (exists $orig->{$key}) {
389 if ($orig->{$key} ne $value) {
390 _print "# key ", _qq($key), " was ", _qq($orig->{$key}),
391 " now ", _qq($value), "\n";
395 _print "# key ", _qq($key), " is ", _qq($value),
396 ", not in original.\n";
400 foreach (keys %$orig) {
401 # Force a hash recompute if this perl's internals can cache the hash key.
403 next if (exists $suspect->{$_});
404 _print "# key ", _qq($_), " was ", _qq($orig->{$_}), " now missing.\n";
415 _ok(!$@, _where(), "require $require");
423 _ok(!$@, _where(), "use $use");
426 # runperl - Runs a separate perl interpreter.
428 # switches => [ command-line switches ]
429 # nolib => 1 # don't use -I../lib (included by default)
430 # non_portable => Don't warn if a one liner contains quotes
431 # prog => one-liner (avoid quotes)
432 # progs => [ multi-liner (avoid quotes) ]
433 # progfile => perl script
434 # stdin => string to feed the stdin
435 # stderr => redirect stderr to stdout
436 # args => [ command-line arguments to the perl program ]
437 # verbose => print the command line
439 my $is_mswin = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
440 my $is_netware = $^O eq 'NetWare';
441 my $is_vms = $^O eq 'VMS';
442 my $is_cygwin = $^O eq 'cygwin';
445 my ($runperl, $args) = @_;
448 # In VMS protect with doublequotes because otherwise
449 # DCL will lowercase -- unless already doublequoted.
450 $_ = q(").$_.q(") if $is_vms && !/^\"/ && length($_) > 0;
451 $runperl = $runperl . ' ' . $_;
456 sub _create_runperl { # Create the string to qx in runperl().
458 my $runperl = which_perl();
459 if ($runperl =~ m/\s/) {
460 $runperl = qq{"$runperl"};
462 #- this allows, for example, to set PERL_RUNPERL_DEBUG=/usr/bin/valgrind
463 if ($ENV{PERL_RUNPERL_DEBUG}) {
464 $runperl = "$ENV{PERL_RUNPERL_DEBUG} $runperl";
466 unless ($args{nolib}) {
467 $runperl = $runperl . ' "-I../lib"'; # doublequotes because of VMS
469 if ($args{switches}) {
471 die "test.pl:runperl(): 'switches' must be an ARRAYREF " . _where()
472 unless ref $args{switches} eq "ARRAY";
473 $runperl = _quote_args($runperl, $args{switches});
475 if (defined $args{prog}) {
476 die "test.pl:runperl(): both 'prog' and 'progs' cannot be used " . _where()
477 if defined $args{progs};
478 $args{progs} = [$args{prog}]
480 if (defined $args{progs}) {
481 die "test.pl:runperl(): 'progs' must be an ARRAYREF " . _where()
482 unless ref $args{progs} eq "ARRAY";
483 foreach my $prog (@{$args{progs}}) {
484 if ($prog =~ tr/'"// && !$args{non_portable}) {
485 warn "quotes in prog >>$prog<< are not portable";
487 if ($is_mswin || $is_netware || $is_vms) {
488 $runperl = $runperl . qq ( -e "$prog" );
491 $runperl = $runperl . qq ( -e '$prog' );
494 } elsif (defined $args{progfile}) {
495 $runperl = $runperl . qq( "$args{progfile}");
497 # You probaby didn't want to be sucking in from the upstream stdin
498 die "test.pl:runperl(): none of prog, progs, progfile, args, "
499 . " switches or stdin specified"
500 unless defined $args{args} or defined $args{switches}
501 or defined $args{stdin};
503 if (defined $args{stdin}) {
504 # so we don't try to put literal newlines and crs onto the
506 $args{stdin} =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
507 $args{stdin} =~ s/\r/\\r/g;
509 if ($is_mswin || $is_netware || $is_vms) {
510 $runperl = qq{$Perl -e "print qq(} .
511 $args{stdin} . q{)" | } . $runperl;
514 $runperl = qq{$Perl -e 'print qq(} .
515 $args{stdin} . q{)' | } . $runperl;
518 if (defined $args{args}) {
519 $runperl = _quote_args($runperl, $args{args});
521 $runperl = $runperl . ' 2>&1' if $args{stderr};
522 if ($args{verbose}) {
523 my $runperldisplay = $runperl;
524 $runperldisplay =~ s/\n/\n\#/g;
525 _print_stderr "# $runperldisplay\n";
531 die "test.pl:runperl() does not take a hashref"
532 if ref $_[0] and ref $_[0] eq 'HASH';
533 my $runperl = &_create_runperl;
536 my $tainted = ${^TAINT};
538 exists $args{switches} && grep m/^-T$/, @{$args{switches}} and $tainted = $tainted + 1;
541 # We will assume that if you're running under -T, you really mean to
542 # run a fresh perl, so we'll brute force launder everything for you
545 if (! eval 'require Config; 1') {
546 warn "test.pl had problems loading Config: $@";
549 $sep = $Config::Config{path_sep};
552 my @keys = grep {exists $ENV{$_}} qw(CDPATH IFS ENV BASH_ENV);
553 local @ENV{@keys} = ();
554 # Untaint, plus take out . and empty string:
555 local $ENV{'DCL$PATH'} = $1 if $is_vms && exists($ENV{'DCL$PATH'}) && ($ENV{'DCL$PATH'} =~ /(.*)/s);
556 $ENV{PATH} =~ /(.*)/s;
558 join $sep, grep { $_ ne "" and $_ ne "." and -d $_ and
559 ($is_mswin or $is_vms or !(stat && (stat _)[2]&0022)) }
560 split quotemeta ($sep), $1;
561 if ($is_cygwin) { # Must have /bin under Cygwin
562 if (length $ENV{PATH}) {
563 $ENV{PATH} = $ENV{PATH} . $sep;
565 $ENV{PATH} = $ENV{PATH} . '/bin';
570 $result = `$runperl`;
572 $result = `$runperl`;
574 $result =~ s/\n\n/\n/ if $is_vms; # XXX pipes sometimes double these
579 *run_perl = *run_perl = \&runperl; # shut up "used only once" warning
582 _print_stderr "# @_\n";
586 # A somewhat safer version of the sometimes wrong $^X.
588 unless (defined $Perl) {
591 # VMS should have 'perl' aliased properly
592 return $Perl if $^O eq 'VMS';
595 if (! eval 'require Config; 1') {
596 warn "test.pl had problems loading Config: $@";
599 $exe = $Config::Config{_exe};
601 $exe = '' unless defined $exe;
603 # This doesn't absolutize the path: beware of future chdirs().
604 # We could do File::Spec->abs2rel() but that does getcwd()s,
605 # which is a bit heavyweight to do here.
607 if ($Perl =~ /^perl\Q$exe\E$/i) {
608 my $perl = "perl$exe";
609 if (! eval 'require File::Spec; 1') {
610 warn "test.pl had problems loading File::Spec: $@";
613 $Perl = File::Spec->catfile(File::Spec->curdir(), $perl);
617 # Build up the name of the executable file from the name of
620 if ($Perl !~ /\Q$exe\E$/i) {
621 $Perl = $Perl . $exe;
624 warn "which_perl: cannot find $Perl from $^X" unless -f $Perl;
626 # For subcommands to use.
627 $ENV{PERLEXE} = $Perl;
633 foreach my $file (@_) {
634 1 while unlink $file;
635 _print_stderr "# Couldn't unlink '$file': $!\n" if -f $file;
640 END { unlink_all keys %tmpfiles }
642 # A regexp that matches the tempfile names
643 $::tempfile_regexp = 'tmp\d+[A-Z][A-Z]?';
645 # Avoid ++, avoid ranges, avoid split //
646 my @letters = qw(A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z);
653 $try = $try . $letters[$temp % 26];
654 $temp = int ($temp / 26);
656 # Need to note all the file names we allocated, as a second request may
657 # come before the first is created.
658 if (!-e $try && !$tmpfiles{$try}) {
664 } while $count < 26 * 26;
665 die "Can't find temporary file name starting 'tmp$$'";
668 # This is the temporary file for _fresh_perl
669 my $tmpfile = tempfile();
674 # The $resolve must be a subref that tests the first argument
675 # for success, or returns the definition of success (e.g. the
676 # expected scalar) if given no arguments.
680 my($prog, $resolve, $runperl_args, $name) = @_;
682 # Given the choice of the mis-parsable {}
683 # (we want an anon hash, but a borked lexer might think that it's a block)
684 # or relying on taking a reference to a lexical
685 # (\ might be mis-parsed, and the reference counting on the pad may go
687 # it feels like the least-worse thing is to assume that auto-vivification
688 # works. At least, this is only going to be a run-time failure, so won't
689 # affect tests using this file but not this function.
690 $runperl_args->{progfile} = $tmpfile;
691 $runperl_args->{stderr} = 1;
693 open TEST, ">$tmpfile" or die "Cannot open $tmpfile: $!";
697 $prog =~ s#/dev/null#NL:#;
700 $prog =~ s{if \(-e _ and -f _ and -r _\)}
705 close TEST or die "Cannot close $tmpfile: $!";
707 my $results = runperl(%$runperl_args);
710 # Clean up the results into something a bit more predictable.
711 $results =~ s/\n+$//;
712 $results =~ s/at\s+$::tempfile_regexp\s+line/at - line/g;
713 $results =~ s/of\s+$::tempfile_regexp\s+aborted/of - aborted/g;
715 # bison says 'parse error' instead of 'syntax error',
716 # various yaccs may or may not capitalize 'syntax'.
717 $results =~ s/^(syntax|parse) error/syntax error/mig;
720 # some tests will trigger VMS messages that won't be expected
721 $results =~ s/\n?%[A-Z]+-[SIWEF]-[A-Z]+,.*//;
723 # pipes double these sometimes
724 $results =~ s/\n\n/\n/g;
727 my $pass = $resolve->($results);
729 _diag "# PROG: \n$prog\n";
730 _diag "# EXPECTED:\n", $resolve->(), "\n";
731 _diag "# GOT:\n$results\n";
732 _diag "# STATUS: $status\n";
735 # Use the first line of the program as a name if none was given
737 ($first_line, $name) = $prog =~ /^((.{1,50}).*)/;
738 $name = $name . '...' if length $first_line > length $name;
741 _ok($pass, _where(), "fresh_perl - $name");
747 # Combination of run_perl() and is().
751 my($prog, $expected, $runperl_args, $name) = @_;
753 # _fresh_perl() is going to clip the trailing newlines off the result.
754 # This will make it so the test author doesn't have to know that.
755 $expected =~ s/\n+$//;
759 sub { @_ ? $_[0] eq $expected : $expected },
760 $runperl_args, $name);
766 # Combination of run_perl() and like().
769 sub fresh_perl_like {
770 my($prog, $expected, $runperl_args, $name) = @_;
773 sub { @_ ? $_[0] =~ $expected : $expected },
774 $runperl_args, $name);
778 my($proto, @methods) = @_;
779 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
782 return _ok( 0, _where(), "$class->can(...)" );
786 foreach my $method (@methods) {
787 local($!, $@); # don't interfere with caller's $@
788 # eval sometimes resets $!
789 eval { $proto->can($method) } || push @nok, $method;
793 $name = @methods == 1 ? "$class->can('$methods[0]')"
794 : "$class->can(...)";
796 _ok( !@nok, _where(), $name );
800 # Call $class->new( @$args ); and run the result through isa_ok.
801 # See Test::More::new_ok
803 my($class, $args, $obj_name) = @_;
805 $object_name = "The object" unless defined $obj_name;
807 local $Level = $Level + 1;
810 my $ok = eval { $obj = $class->new(@$args); 1 };
814 isa_ok($obj, $class, $object_name);
817 ok( 0, "new() died" );
818 diag("Error was: $@");
827 my($object, $class, $obj_name) = @_;
830 $obj_name = 'The object' unless defined $obj_name;
831 my $name = "$obj_name isa $class";
832 if( !defined $object ) {
833 $diag = "$obj_name isn't defined";
835 elsif( !ref $object ) {
836 $diag = "$obj_name isn't a reference";
839 # We can't use UNIVERSAL::isa because we want to honor isa() overrides
840 local($@, $!); # eval sometimes resets $!
841 my $rslt = eval { $object->isa($class) };
843 if( $@ =~ /^Can't call method "isa" on unblessed reference/ ) {
844 if( !UNIVERSAL::isa($object, $class) ) {
845 my $ref = ref $object;
846 $diag = "$obj_name isn't a '$class' it's a '$ref'";
850 WHOA! I tried to call ->isa on your object and got some weird error.
851 This should never happen. Please contact the author immediately.
858 my $ref = ref $object;
859 $diag = "$obj_name isn't a '$class' it's a '$ref'";
863 _ok( !$diag, _where(), $name );
866 # Set a watchdog to timeout the entire test file
867 # NOTE: If the test file uses 'threads', then call the watchdog() function
868 # _AFTER_ the 'threads' module is loaded.
872 my $method = shift || "";
873 my $timeout_msg = 'Test process timed out - terminating';
875 # Valgrind slows perl way down so give it more time before dying.
876 $timeout *= 10 if $ENV{PERL_VALGRIND};
878 my $pid_to_kill = $$; # PID for this process
880 if ($method eq "alarm") {
881 goto WATCHDOG_VIA_ALARM;
884 # shut up use only once warning
885 my $threads_on = $threads::threads && $threads::threads;
887 # Don't use a watchdog process if 'threads' is loaded -
888 # use a watchdog thread instead
891 # On Windows and VMS, try launching a watchdog process
892 # using system(1, ...) (see perlport.pod)
893 if (($^O eq 'MSWin32') || ($^O eq 'VMS')) {
894 # On Windows, try to get the 'real' PID
895 if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
896 eval { require Win32; };
897 if (defined(&Win32::GetCurrentProcessId)) {
898 $pid_to_kill = Win32::GetCurrentProcessId();
902 # If we still have a fake PID, we can't use this method at all
903 return if ($pid_to_kill <= 0);
905 # Launch watchdog process
908 local $SIG{'__WARN__'} = sub {
909 _diag("Watchdog warning: $_[0]");
911 my $sig = $^O eq 'VMS' ? 'TERM' : 'KILL';
912 my $cmd = _create_runperl( prog => "sleep($timeout);" .
913 "warn qq/# $timeout_msg" . '\n/;' .
914 "kill($sig, $pid_to_kill);");
915 $watchdog = system(1, $cmd);
917 if ($@ || ($watchdog <= 0)) {
918 _diag('Failed to start watchdog');
924 # Add END block to parent to terminate and
925 # clean up watchdog process
926 eval "END { local \$! = 0; local \$? = 0;
927 wait() if kill('KILL', $watchdog); };";
931 # Try using fork() to generate a watchdog process
933 eval { $watchdog = fork() };
934 if (defined($watchdog)) {
935 if ($watchdog) { # Parent process
936 # Add END block to parent to terminate and
937 # clean up watchdog process
938 eval "END { local \$! = 0; local \$? = 0;
939 wait() if kill('KILL', $watchdog); };";
943 ### Watchdog process code
945 # Load POSIX if available
946 eval { require POSIX; };
948 # Execute the timeout
949 sleep($timeout - 2) if ($timeout > 2); # Workaround for perlbug #49073
952 # Kill test process if still running
953 if (kill(0, $pid_to_kill)) {
955 kill('KILL', $pid_to_kill);
958 # Don't execute END block (added at beginning of this file)
961 # Terminate ourself (i.e., the watchdog)
962 POSIX::_exit(1) if (defined(&POSIX::_exit));
966 # fork() failed - fall through and try using a thread
969 # Use a watchdog thread because either 'threads' is loaded,
971 if (eval 'require threads; 1') {
972 threads->create(sub {
973 # Load POSIX if available
974 eval { require POSIX; };
976 # Execute the timeout
977 my $time_left = $timeout;
979 $time_left = $time_left - sleep($time_left);
980 } while ($time_left > 0);
982 # Kill the parent (and ourself)
983 select(STDERR); $| = 1;
985 POSIX::_exit(1) if (defined(&POSIX::_exit));
986 my $sig = $^O eq 'VMS' ? 'TERM' : 'KILL';
987 kill($sig, $pid_to_kill);
992 # If everything above fails, then just use an alarm timeout
994 if (eval { alarm($timeout); 1; }) {
995 # Load POSIX if available
996 eval { require POSIX; };
998 # Alarm handler will do the actual 'killing'
1000 select(STDERR); $| = 1;
1001 _diag($timeout_msg);
1002 POSIX::_exit(1) if (defined(&POSIX::_exit));
1003 my $sig = $^O eq 'VMS' ? 'TERM' : 'KILL';
1004 kill($sig, $pid_to_kill);
1009 my $cp_0037 = # EBCDIC code page 0037
1010 '\x00\x01\x02\x03\x37\x2D\x2E\x2F\x16\x05\x25\x0B\x0C\x0D\x0E\x0F' .
1011 '\x10\x11\x12\x13\x3C\x3D\x32\x26\x18\x19\x3F\x27\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F' .
1012 '\x40\x5A\x7F\x7B\x5B\x6C\x50\x7D\x4D\x5D\x5C\x4E\x6B\x60\x4B\x61' .
1013 '\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5\xF6\xF7\xF8\xF9\x7A\x5E\x4C\x7E\x6E\x6F' .
1014 '\x7C\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6' .
1015 '\xD7\xD8\xD9\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9\xBA\xE0\xBB\xB0\x6D' .
1016 '\x79\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96' .
1017 '\x97\x98\x99\xA2\xA3\xA4\xA5\xA6\xA7\xA8\xA9\xC0\x4F\xD0\xA1\x07' .
1018 '\x20\x21\x22\x23\x24\x15\x06\x17\x28\x29\x2A\x2B\x2C\x09\x0A\x1B' .
1019 '\x30\x31\x1A\x33\x34\x35\x36\x08\x38\x39\x3A\x3B\x04\x14\x3E\xFF' .
1020 '\x41\xAA\x4A\xB1\x9F\xB2\x6A\xB5\xBD\xB4\x9A\x8A\x5F\xCA\xAF\xBC' .
1021 '\x90\x8F\xEA\xFA\xBE\xA0\xB6\xB3\x9D\xDA\x9B\x8B\xB7\xB8\xB9\xAB' .
1022 '\x64\x65\x62\x66\x63\x67\x9E\x68\x74\x71\x72\x73\x78\x75\x76\x77' .
1023 '\xAC\x69\xED\xEE\xEB\xEF\xEC\xBF\x80\xFD\xFE\xFB\xFC\xAD\xAE\x59' .
1024 '\x44\x45\x42\x46\x43\x47\x9C\x48\x54\x51\x52\x53\x58\x55\x56\x57' .
1025 '\x8C\x49\xCD\xCE\xCB\xCF\xCC\xE1\x70\xDD\xDE\xDB\xDC\x8D\x8E\xDF';
1027 my $cp_1047 = # EBCDIC code page 1047
1028 '\x00\x01\x02\x03\x37\x2D\x2E\x2F\x16\x05\x15\x0B\x0C\x0D\x0E\x0F' .
1029 '\x10\x11\x12\x13\x3C\x3D\x32\x26\x18\x19\x3F\x27\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F' .
1030 '\x40\x5A\x7F\x7B\x5B\x6C\x50\x7D\x4D\x5D\x5C\x4E\x6B\x60\x4B\x61' .
1031 '\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5\xF6\xF7\xF8\xF9\x7A\x5E\x4C\x7E\x6E\x6F' .
1032 '\x7C\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6' .
1033 '\xD7\xD8\xD9\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9\xAD\xE0\xBD\x5F\x6D' .
1034 '\x79\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96' .
1035 '\x97\x98\x99\xA2\xA3\xA4\xA5\xA6\xA7\xA8\xA9\xC0\x4F\xD0\xA1\x07' .
1036 '\x20\x21\x22\x23\x24\x25\x06\x17\x28\x29\x2A\x2B\x2C\x09\x0A\x1B' .
1037 '\x30\x31\x1A\x33\x34\x35\x36\x08\x38\x39\x3A\x3B\x04\x14\x3E\xFF' .
1038 '\x41\xAA\x4A\xB1\x9F\xB2\x6A\xB5\xBB\xB4\x9A\x8A\xB0\xCA\xAF\xBC' .
1039 '\x90\x8F\xEA\xFA\xBE\xA0\xB6\xB3\x9D\xDA\x9B\x8B\xB7\xB8\xB9\xAB' .
1040 '\x64\x65\x62\x66\x63\x67\x9E\x68\x74\x71\x72\x73\x78\x75\x76\x77' .
1041 '\xAC\x69\xED\xEE\xEB\xEF\xEC\xBF\x80\xFD\xFE\xFB\xFC\xBA\xAE\x59' .
1042 '\x44\x45\x42\x46\x43\x47\x9C\x48\x54\x51\x52\x53\x58\x55\x56\x57' .
1043 '\x8C\x49\xCD\xCE\xCB\xCF\xCC\xE1\x70\xDD\xDE\xDB\xDC\x8D\x8E\xDF';
1045 my $cp_bc = # EBCDIC code page POSiX-BC
1046 '\x00\x01\x02\x03\x37\x2D\x2E\x2F\x16\x05\x15\x0B\x0C\x0D\x0E\x0F' .
1047 '\x10\x11\x12\x13\x3C\x3D\x32\x26\x18\x19\x3F\x27\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F' .
1048 '\x40\x5A\x7F\x7B\x5B\x6C\x50\x7D\x4D\x5D\x5C\x4E\x6B\x60\x4B\x61' .
1049 '\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5\xF6\xF7\xF8\xF9\x7A\x5E\x4C\x7E\x6E\x6F' .
1050 '\x7C\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6' .
1051 '\xD7\xD8\xD9\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9\xBB\xBC\xBD\x6A\x6D' .
1052 '\x4A\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96' .
1053 '\x97\x98\x99\xA2\xA3\xA4\xA5\xA6\xA7\xA8\xA9\xFB\x4F\xFD\xFF\x07' .
1054 '\x20\x21\x22\x23\x24\x25\x06\x17\x28\x29\x2A\x2B\x2C\x09\x0A\x1B' .
1055 '\x30\x31\x1A\x33\x34\x35\x36\x08\x38\x39\x3A\x3B\x04\x14\x3E\x5F' .
1056 '\x41\xAA\xB0\xB1\x9F\xB2\xD0\xB5\x79\xB4\x9A\x8A\xBA\xCA\xAF\xA1' .
1057 '\x90\x8F\xEA\xFA\xBE\xA0\xB6\xB3\x9D\xDA\x9B\x8B\xB7\xB8\xB9\xAB' .
1058 '\x64\x65\x62\x66\x63\x67\x9E\x68\x74\x71\x72\x73\x78\x75\x76\x77' .
1059 '\xAC\x69\xED\xEE\xEB\xEF\xEC\xBF\x80\xE0\xFE\xDD\xFC\xAD\xAE\x59' .
1060 '\x44\x45\x42\x46\x43\x47\x9C\x48\x54\x51\x52\x53\x58\x55\x56\x57' .
1061 '\x8C\x49\xCD\xCE\xCB\xCF\xCC\xE1\x70\xC0\xDE\xDB\xDC\x8D\x8E\xDF';
1063 my $straight = # Avoid ranges
1064 '\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D\x0E\x0F' .
1065 '\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1A\x1B\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F' .
1066 '\x20\x21\x22\x23\x24\x25\x26\x27\x28\x29\x2A\x2B\x2C\x2D\x2E\x2F' .
1067 '\x30\x31\x32\x33\x34\x35\x36\x37\x38\x39\x3A\x3B\x3C\x3D\x3E\x3F' .
1068 '\x40\x41\x42\x43\x44\x45\x46\x47\x48\x49\x4A\x4B\x4C\x4D\x4E\x4F' .
1069 '\x50\x51\x52\x53\x54\x55\x56\x57\x58\x59\x5A\x5B\x5C\x5D\x5E\x5F' .
1070 '\x60\x61\x62\x63\x64\x65\x66\x67\x68\x69\x6A\x6B\x6C\x6D\x6E\x6F' .
1071 '\x70\x71\x72\x73\x74\x75\x76\x77\x78\x79\x7A\x7B\x7C\x7D\x7E\x7F' .
1072 '\x80\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8A\x8B\x8C\x8D\x8E\x8F' .
1073 '\x90\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9A\x9B\x9C\x9D\x9E\x9F' .
1074 '\xA0\xA1\xA2\xA3\xA4\xA5\xA6\xA7\xA8\xA9\xAA\xAB\xAC\xAD\xAE\xAF' .
1075 '\xB0\xB1\xB2\xB3\xB4\xB5\xB6\xB7\xB8\xB9\xBA\xBB\xBC\xBD\xBE\xBF' .
1076 '\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF' .
1077 '\xD0\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD7\xD8\xD9\xDA\xDB\xDC\xDD\xDE\xDF' .
1078 '\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF' .
1079 '\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5\xF6\xF7\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC\xFD\xFE\xFF';
1081 # The following 2 functions allow tests to work on both EBCDIC and
1082 # ASCII-ish platforms. They convert string scalars between the native
1083 # character set and the set of 256 characters which is usually called
1086 # These routines don't work on UTF-EBCDIC and UTF-8.
1088 sub native_to_latin1($) {
1091 return $string if ord('^') == 94; # ASCII, Latin1
1093 if (ord('^') == 95) { # EBCDIC 1047
1096 elsif (ord('^') == 106) { # EBCDIC POSIX-BC
1099 elsif (ord('^') == 176) { # EBCDIC 037 */
1103 die "Unknown native character set";
1106 eval '$string =~ tr/' . $$cp . '/' . $straight . '/';
1110 sub latin1_to_native($) {
1113 return $string if ord('^') == 94; # ASCII, Latin1
1115 if (ord('^') == 95) { # EBCDIC 1047
1118 elsif (ord('^') == 106) { # EBCDIC POSIX-BC
1121 elsif (ord('^') == 176) { # EBCDIC 037 */
1125 die "Unknown native character set";
1128 eval '$string =~ tr/' . $straight . '/' . $$cp . '/';