3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2012 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 /* IMPORTANT NOTE: Everything whose name begins with an underscore is for
12 * internal core Perl use only. */
14 #ifndef PERL_HANDY_H_ /* Guard against nested #inclusion */
18 # define Null(type) ((type)NULL)
23 =for apidoc AmnU||Nullch
24 Null character pointer. (No longer available when C<PERL_CORE> is
27 =for apidoc AmnU||Nullsv
28 Null SV pointer. (No longer available when C<PERL_CORE> is defined.)
33 # define Nullch Null(char*)
34 # define Nullfp Null(PerlIO*)
35 # define Nullsv Null(SV*)
47 /* The MUTABLE_*() macros cast pointers to the types shown, in such a way
48 * (compiler permitting) that casting away const-ness will give a warning;
52 * AV *av1 = (AV*)sv; <== BAD: the const has been silently cast away
53 * AV *av2 = MUTABLE_AV(sv); <== GOOD: it may warn
56 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(PERL_GCC_BRACE_GROUPS_FORBIDDEN)
57 # define MUTABLE_PTR(p) ({ void *_p = (p); _p; })
59 # define MUTABLE_PTR(p) ((void *) (p))
62 #define MUTABLE_AV(p) ((AV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
63 #define MUTABLE_CV(p) ((CV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
64 #define MUTABLE_GV(p) ((GV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
65 #define MUTABLE_HV(p) ((HV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
66 #define MUTABLE_IO(p) ((IO *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
67 #define MUTABLE_SV(p) ((SV *)MUTABLE_PTR(p))
69 #if defined(I_STDBOOL) && !defined(PERL_BOOL_AS_CHAR)
76 /* bool is built-in for g++-2.6.3 and later, which might be used
77 for extensions. <_G_config.h> defines _G_HAVE_BOOL, but we can't
78 be sure _G_config.h will be included before this file. _G_config.h
79 also defines _G_HAVE_BOOL for both gcc and g++, but only g++
80 actually has bool. Hence, _G_HAVE_BOOL is pretty useless for us.
81 g++ can be identified by __GNUG__.
82 Andy Dougherty February 2000
84 #ifdef __GNUG__ /* GNU g++ has bool built-in */
85 # ifndef PERL_BOOL_AS_CHAR
101 =for apidoc Am|bool|cBOOL|bool expr
103 Cast-to-bool. A simple S<C<(bool) I<expr>>> cast may not do the right thing:
104 if C<bool> is defined as C<char>, for example, then the cast from C<int> is
105 implementation-defined.
107 C<(bool)!!(cbool)> in a ternary triggers a bug in xlc on AIX
111 #define cBOOL(cbool) ((cbool) ? (bool)1 : (bool)0)
113 /* Try to figure out __func__ or __FUNCTION__ equivalent, if any.
114 * XXX Should really be a Configure probe, with HAS__FUNCTION__
115 * and FUNCTION__ as results.
116 * XXX Similarly, a Configure probe for __FILE__ and __LINE__ is needed. */
117 #if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || (defined(__SUNPRO_C)) /* C99 or close enough. */
118 # define FUNCTION__ __func__
119 #elif (defined(__DECC_VER)) /* Tru64 or VMS, and strict C89 being used, but not modern enough cc (in Tur64, -c99 not known, only -std1). */
120 # define FUNCTION__ ""
122 # define FUNCTION__ __FUNCTION__ /* Common extension. */
125 /* XXX A note on the perl source internal type system. The
126 original intent was that I32 be *exactly* 32 bits.
128 Currently, we only guarantee that I32 is *at least* 32 bits.
129 Specifically, if int is 64 bits, then so is I32. (This is the case
130 for the Cray.) This has the advantage of meshing nicely with
131 standard library calls (where we pass an I32 and the library is
132 expecting an int), but the disadvantage that an I32 is not 32 bits.
133 Andy Dougherty August 1996
135 There is no guarantee that there is *any* integral type with
136 exactly 32 bits. It is perfectly legal for a system to have
137 sizeof(short) == sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == 8.
139 Similarly, there is no guarantee that I16 and U16 have exactly 16
142 For dealing with issues that may arise from various 32/64-bit
143 systems, we will ask Configure to check out
145 SHORTSIZE == sizeof(short)
146 INTSIZE == sizeof(int)
147 LONGSIZE == sizeof(long)
148 LONGLONGSIZE == sizeof(long long) (if HAS_LONG_LONG)
149 PTRSIZE == sizeof(void *)
150 DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(double)
151 LONG_DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(long double) (if HAS_LONG_DOUBLE).
155 #ifdef I_INTTYPES /* e.g. Linux has int64_t without <inttypes.h> */
156 # include <inttypes.h>
157 # ifdef INT32_MIN_BROKEN
159 # define INT32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
161 # ifdef INT64_MIN_BROKEN
163 # define INT64_MIN (-9223372036854775807LL-1)
179 #if defined(UINT8_MAX) && defined(INT16_MAX) && defined(INT32_MAX)
181 /* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
182 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
183 #define U8_MAX UINT8_MAX
184 #define U8_MIN UINT8_MIN
186 #define I16_MAX INT16_MAX
187 #define I16_MIN INT16_MIN
188 #define U16_MAX UINT16_MAX
189 #define U16_MIN UINT16_MIN
191 #define I32_MAX INT32_MAX
192 #define I32_MIN INT32_MIN
193 #ifndef UINT32_MAX_BROKEN /* e.g. HP-UX with gcc messes this up */
194 # define U32_MAX UINT32_MAX
196 # define U32_MAX 4294967295U
198 #define U32_MIN UINT32_MIN
202 /* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
203 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
204 #define U8_MAX PERL_UCHAR_MAX
205 #define U8_MIN PERL_UCHAR_MIN
207 #define I16_MAX PERL_SHORT_MAX
208 #define I16_MIN PERL_SHORT_MIN
209 #define U16_MAX PERL_USHORT_MAX
210 #define U16_MIN PERL_USHORT_MIN
213 # define I32_MAX PERL_INT_MAX
214 # define I32_MIN PERL_INT_MIN
215 # define U32_MAX PERL_UINT_MAX
216 # define U32_MIN PERL_UINT_MIN
218 # define I32_MAX PERL_LONG_MAX
219 # define I32_MIN PERL_LONG_MIN
220 # define U32_MAX PERL_ULONG_MAX
221 # define U32_MIN PERL_ULONG_MIN
226 /* These C99 typedefs are useful sometimes for, say, loop variables whose
227 * maximum values are small, but for which speed trumps size. If we have a C99
228 * compiler, use that. Otherwise, a plain 'int' should be good enough.
230 * Restrict these to core for now until we are more certain this is a good
232 #if defined(PERL_CORE) || defined(PERL_EXT)
234 typedef int_fast8_t PERL_INT_FAST8_T;
235 typedef uint_fast8_t PERL_UINT_FAST8_T;
236 typedef int_fast16_t PERL_INT_FAST16_T;
237 typedef uint_fast16_t PERL_UINT_FAST16_T;
239 typedef int PERL_INT_FAST8_T;
240 typedef unsigned int PERL_UINT_FAST8_T;
241 typedef int PERL_INT_FAST16_T;
242 typedef unsigned int PERL_UINT_FAST16_T;
246 /* log(2) (i.e., log base 10 of 2) is pretty close to 0.30103, just in case
247 * anyone is grepping for it */
248 #define BIT_DIGITS(N) (((N)*146)/485 + 1) /* log10(2) =~ 146/485 */
249 #define TYPE_DIGITS(T) BIT_DIGITS(sizeof(T) * 8)
250 #define TYPE_CHARS(T) (TYPE_DIGITS(T) + 2) /* sign, NUL */
252 /* Unused by core; should be deprecated */
253 #define Ctl(ch) ((ch) & 037)
255 #if defined(PERL_CORE) || defined(PERL_EXT)
257 # define MIN(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
260 # define MAX(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
264 /* Returns a boolean as to whether the input unsigned number is a power of 2
265 * (2**0, 2**1, etc). In other words if it has just a single bit set.
266 * If not, subtracting 1 would leave the uppermost bit set, so the & would
268 #if defined(PERL_CORE) || defined(PERL_EXT)
269 # define isPOWER_OF_2(n) ((n) && ((n) & ((n)-1)) == 0)
273 =for apidoc Am|void|__ASSERT_|bool expr
275 This is a helper macro to avoid preprocessor issues, replaced by nothing
276 unless under DEBUGGING, where it expands to an assert of its argument,
277 followed by a comma (hence the comma operator). If we just used a straight
278 assert(), we would get a comma with nothing before it when not DEBUGGING.
282 We also use empty definition under Coverity since the __ASSERT__
283 checks often check for things that Really Cannot Happen, and Coverity
284 detects that and gets all excited. */
286 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(__COVERITY__) \
287 && ! defined(PERL_SMALL_MACRO_BUFFER)
288 # define __ASSERT_(statement) assert(statement),
290 # define __ASSERT_(statement)
294 =head1 SV Manipulation Functions
296 =for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs|"literal string"
297 Like C<newSVpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a
300 =for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs_flags|"literal string"|U32 flags
301 Like C<newSVpvn_flags>, but takes a literal string instead of
302 a string/length pair.
304 =for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs_share|"literal string"
305 Like C<newSVpvn_share>, but takes a literal string instead of
306 a string/length pair and omits the hash parameter.
308 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_catpvs_flags|SV* sv|"literal string"|I32 flags
309 Like C<sv_catpvn_flags>, but takes a literal string instead
310 of a string/length pair.
312 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_catpvs_nomg|SV* sv|"literal string"
313 Like C<sv_catpvn_nomg>, but takes a literal string instead of
314 a string/length pair.
316 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_catpvs|SV* sv|"literal string"
317 Like C<sv_catpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a
320 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_catpvs_mg|SV* sv|"literal string"
321 Like C<sv_catpvn_mg>, but takes a literal string instead of a
324 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_setpvs|SV* sv|"literal string"
325 Like C<sv_setpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a
328 =for apidoc Am|void|sv_setpvs_mg|SV* sv|"literal string"
329 Like C<sv_setpvn_mg>, but takes a literal string instead of a
332 =for apidoc Am|SV *|sv_setref_pvs|SV *const rv|const char *const classname|"literal string"
333 Like C<sv_setref_pvn>, but takes a literal string instead of
334 a string/length pair.
336 =head1 Memory Management
338 =for apidoc Ama|char*|savepvs|"literal string"
339 Like C<savepvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a
342 =for apidoc Ama|char*|savesharedpvs|"literal string"
343 A version of C<savepvs()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
344 which is shared between threads.
348 =for apidoc Am|HV*|gv_stashpvs|"name"|I32 create
349 Like C<gv_stashpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a
352 =head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
354 =for apidoc Am|SV**|hv_fetchs|HV* tb|"key"|I32 lval
355 Like C<hv_fetch>, but takes a literal string instead of a
358 =for apidoc Am|SV**|hv_stores|HV* tb|"key"|SV* val
359 Like C<hv_store>, but takes a literal string instead of a
361 and omits the hash parameter.
363 =head1 Lexer interface
365 =for apidoc Amx|void|lex_stuff_pvs|"pv"|U32 flags
367 Like L</lex_stuff_pvn>, but takes a literal string instead of
368 a string/length pair.
376 =for apidoc Amu|pair|STR_WITH_LEN|"literal string"
378 Returns two comma separated tokens of the input literal string, and its length.
379 This is convenience macro which helps out in some API calls.
380 Note that it can't be used as an argument to macros or functions that under
381 some configurations might be macros, which means that it requires the full
382 Perl_xxx(aTHX_ ...) form for any API calls where it's used.
388 #define STR_WITH_LEN(s) ("" s ""), (sizeof(s)-1)
390 /* STR_WITH_LEN() shortcuts */
391 #define newSVpvs(str) Perl_newSVpvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str))
392 #define newSVpvs_flags(str,flags) \
393 Perl_newSVpvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), flags)
394 #define newSVpvs_share(str) Perl_newSVpvn_share(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), 0)
395 #define sv_catpvs_flags(sv, str, flags) \
396 Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str), flags)
397 #define sv_catpvs_nomg(sv, str) \
398 Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str), 0)
399 #define sv_catpvs(sv, str) \
400 Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str), SV_GMAGIC)
401 #define sv_catpvs_mg(sv, str) \
402 Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str), SV_GMAGIC|SV_SMAGIC)
403 #define sv_setpvs(sv, str) Perl_sv_setpvn(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str))
404 #define sv_setpvs_mg(sv, str) Perl_sv_setpvn_mg(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str))
405 #define sv_setref_pvs(rv, classname, str) \
406 Perl_sv_setref_pvn(aTHX_ rv, classname, STR_WITH_LEN(str))
407 #define savepvs(str) Perl_savepvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str))
408 #define savesharedpvs(str) Perl_savesharedpvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str))
409 #define gv_stashpvs(str, create) \
410 Perl_gv_stashpvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), create)
411 #define gv_fetchpvs(namebeg, add, sv_type) \
412 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(namebeg), add, sv_type)
413 #define gv_fetchpvn(namebeg, len, add, sv_type) \
414 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(aTHX_ namebeg, len, add, sv_type)
415 #define sv_catxmlpvs(dsv, str, utf8) \
416 Perl_sv_catxmlpvn(aTHX_ dsv, STR_WITH_LEN(str), utf8)
419 #define lex_stuff_pvs(pv,flags) Perl_lex_stuff_pvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(pv), flags)
421 #define get_cvs(str, flags) \
422 Perl_get_cvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), (flags))
425 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
427 =for apidoc Am|bool|strNE|char* s1|char* s2
428 Test two C<NUL>-terminated strings to see if they are different. Returns true
431 =for apidoc Am|bool|strEQ|char* s1|char* s2
432 Test two C<NUL>-terminated strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or
435 =for apidoc Am|bool|strLT|char* s1|char* s2
436 Test two C<NUL>-terminated strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the
437 second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
439 =for apidoc Am|bool|strLE|char* s1|char* s2
440 Test two C<NUL>-terminated strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or
441 equal to the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
443 =for apidoc Am|bool|strGT|char* s1|char* s2
444 Test two C<NUL>-terminated strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than
445 the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
447 =for apidoc Am|bool|strGE|char* s1|char* s2
448 Test two C<NUL>-terminated strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than
449 or equal to the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
451 =for apidoc Am|bool|strnNE|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
452 Test two C<NUL>-terminated strings to see if they are different. The C<len>
453 parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
454 wrapper for C<strncmp>).
456 =for apidoc Am|bool|strnEQ|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
457 Test two C<NUL>-terminated strings to see if they are equal. The C<len>
458 parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
459 wrapper for C<strncmp>).
461 =for apidoc Am|bool|memEQ|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
462 Test two buffers (which may contain embedded C<NUL> characters, to see if they
463 are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare.
464 Returns zero if equal, or non-zero if non-equal.
466 =for apidoc Am|bool|memEQs|char* s1|STRLEN l1|"s2"
467 Like L</memEQ>, but the second string is a literal enclosed in double quotes,
468 C<l1> gives the number of bytes in C<s1>.
469 Returns zero if equal, or non-zero if non-equal.
471 =for apidoc Am|bool|memNE|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
472 Test two buffers (which may contain embedded C<NUL> characters, to see if they
473 are not equal. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare.
474 Returns zero if non-equal, or non-zero if equal.
476 =for apidoc Am|bool|memNEs|char* s1|STRLEN l1|"s2"
477 Like L</memNE>, but the second string is a literal enclosed in double quotes,
478 C<l1> gives the number of bytes in C<s1>.
479 Returns zero if non-equal, or zero if non-equal.
481 =for apidoc Am|bool|memCHRs|"list"|char c
482 Returns the position of the first occurence of the byte C<c> in the literal
483 string C<"list">, or NULL if C<c> doesn't appear in C<"list">. All bytes are
484 treated as unsigned char. Thus this macro can be used to determine if C<c> is
485 in a set of particular characters. Unlike L<strchr(3)>, it works even if C<c>
486 is C<NUL> (and the set doesn't include C<NUL>).
490 New macros should use the following conventions for their names (which are
491 based on the underlying C library functions):
493 (mem | str n? ) (EQ | NE | LT | GT | GE | (( BEGIN | END ) P? )) l? s?
495 Each has two main parameters, string-like operands that are compared
496 against each other, as specified by the macro name. Some macros may
497 additionally have one or potentially even two length parameters. If a length
498 parameter applies to both string parameters, it will be positioned third;
499 otherwise any length parameter immediately follows the string parameter it
502 If the prefix to the name is 'str', the string parameter is a pointer to a C
503 language string. Such a string does not contain embedded NUL bytes; its
504 length may be unknown, but can be calculated by C<strlen()>, since it is
505 terminated by a NUL, which isn't included in its length.
507 The optional 'n' following 'str' means that that there is a third parameter,
508 giving the maximum number of bytes to look at in each string. Even if both
509 strings are longer than the length parameter, those extra bytes will be
512 The 's' suffix means that the 2nd byte string parameter is a literal C
513 double-quoted string. Its length will automatically be calculated by the
514 macro, so no length parameter will ever be needed for it.
516 If the prefix is 'mem', the string parameters don't have to be C strings;
517 they may contain embedded NUL bytes, do not necessarily have a terminating
518 NUL, and their lengths can be known only through other means, which in
519 practice are additional parameter(s) passed to the function. All 'mem'
520 functions have at least one length parameter. Barring any 'l' or 's' suffix,
521 there is a single length parameter, in position 3, which applies to both
522 string parameters. The 's' suffix means, as described above, that the 2nd
523 string is a literal double-quoted C string (hence its length is calculated by
524 the macro, and the length parameter to the function applies just to the first
525 string parameter, and hence is positioned just after it). An 'l' suffix
526 means that the 2nd string parameter has its own length parameter, and the
527 signature will look like memFOOl(s1, l1, s2, l2).
529 BEGIN (and END) are for testing if the 2nd string is an initial (or final)
530 substring of the 1st string. 'P' if present indicates that the substring
531 must be a "proper" one in tha mathematical sense that the first one must be
532 strictly larger than the 2nd.
537 #define strNE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) != 0)
538 #define strEQ(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) == 0)
539 #define strLT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) < 0)
540 #define strLE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) <= 0)
541 #define strGT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) > 0)
542 #define strGE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) >= 0)
544 #define strnNE(s1,s2,l) (strncmp(s1,s2,l) != 0)
545 #define strnEQ(s1,s2,l) (strncmp(s1,s2,l) == 0)
547 #define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(((const void *) (s1)), ((const void *) (s2)), l) == 0)
548 #define memNE(s1,s2,l) (! memEQ(s1,s2,l))
550 /* memEQ and memNE where second comparand is a string constant */
551 #define memEQs(s1, l, s2) \
552 (((sizeof(s2)-1) == (l)) && memEQ((s1), ("" s2 ""), (sizeof(s2)-1)))
553 #define memNEs(s1, l, s2) (! memEQs(s1, l, s2))
555 /* Keep these private until we decide it was a good idea */
556 #if defined(PERL_CORE) || defined(PERL_EXT) || defined(PERL_EXT_POSIX)
558 #define strBEGINs(s1,s2) (strncmp(s1,"" s2 "", sizeof(s2)-1) == 0)
560 #define memBEGINs(s1, l, s2) \
561 ( (Ptrdiff_t) (l) >= (Ptrdiff_t) sizeof(s2) - 1 \
562 && memEQ(s1, "" s2 "", sizeof(s2)-1))
563 #define memBEGINPs(s1, l, s2) \
564 ( (Ptrdiff_t) (l) > (Ptrdiff_t) sizeof(s2) - 1 \
565 && memEQ(s1, "" s2 "", sizeof(s2)-1))
566 #define memENDs(s1, l, s2) \
567 ( (Ptrdiff_t) (l) >= (Ptrdiff_t) sizeof(s2) - 1 \
568 && memEQ(s1 + (l) - (sizeof(s2) - 1), "" s2 "", sizeof(s2)-1))
569 #define memENDPs(s1, l, s2) \
570 ( (Ptrdiff_t) (l) > (Ptrdiff_t) sizeof(s2) \
571 && memEQ(s1 + (l) - (sizeof(s2) - 1), "" s2 "", sizeof(s2)-1))
572 #endif /* End of making macros private */
574 #define memLT(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l) < 0)
575 #define memLE(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l) <= 0)
576 #define memGT(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l) > 0)
577 #define memGE(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l) >= 0)
579 #define memCHRs(s1,c) ((const char *) memchr("" s1 "" , c, sizeof(s1)-1))
584 * Unfortunately, the introduction of locales means that we
585 * can't trust isupper(), etc. to tell the truth. And when
586 * it comes to /\w+/ with tainting enabled, we *must* be able
587 * to trust our character classes.
589 * Therefore, the default tests in the text of Perl will be
590 * independent of locale. Any code that wants to depend on
591 * the current locale will use the tests that begin with "lc".
594 #ifdef HAS_SETLOCALE /* XXX Is there a better test for this? */
602 =head1 Character classification
603 This section is about functions (really macros) that classify characters
604 into types, such as punctuation versus alphabetic, etc. Most of these are
605 analogous to regular expression character classes. (See
606 L<perlrecharclass/POSIX Character Classes>.) There are several variants for
607 each class. (Not all macros have all variants; each item below lists the
608 ones valid for it.) None are affected by C<use bytes>, and only the ones
609 with C<LC> in the name are affected by the current locale.
611 The base function, e.g., C<isALPHA()>, takes any signed or unsigned value,
612 treating it as a code point, and returns a boolean as to whether or not the
613 character represented by it is (or on non-ASCII platforms, corresponds to) an
614 ASCII character in the named class based on platform, Unicode, and Perl rules.
615 If the input is a number that doesn't fit in an octet, FALSE is returned.
617 Variant C<isI<FOO>_A> (e.g., C<isALPHA_A()>) is identical to the base function
618 with no suffix C<"_A">. This variant is used to emphasize by its name that
619 only ASCII-range characters can return TRUE.
621 Variant C<isI<FOO>_L1> imposes the Latin-1 (or EBCDIC equivalent) character set
622 onto the platform. That is, the code points that are ASCII are unaffected,
623 since ASCII is a subset of Latin-1. But the non-ASCII code points are treated
624 as if they are Latin-1 characters. For example, C<isWORDCHAR_L1()> will return
625 true when called with the code point 0xDF, which is a word character in both
626 ASCII and EBCDIC (though it represents different characters in each).
627 If the input is a number that doesn't fit in an octet, FALSE is returned.
628 (Perl's documentation uses a colloquial definition of Latin-1, to include all
629 code points below 256.)
631 Variant C<isI<FOO>_uvchr> is exactly like the C<isI<FOO>_L1> variant, for
632 inputs below 256, but if the code point is larger than 255, Unicode rules are
633 used to determine if it is in the character class. For example,
634 C<isWORDCHAR_uvchr(0x100)> returns TRUE, since 0x100 is LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
635 WITH MACRON in Unicode, and is a word character.
637 Variants C<isI<FOO>_utf8> and C<isI<FOO>_utf8_safe> are like C<isI<FOO>_uvchr>,
638 but are used for UTF-8 encoded strings. The two forms are different names for
639 the same thing. Each call to one of these classifies the first character of
640 the string starting at C<p>. The second parameter, C<e>, points to anywhere in
641 the string beyond the first character, up to one byte past the end of the
642 entire string. Although both variants are identical, the suffix C<_safe> in
643 one name emphasizes that it will not attempt to read beyond S<C<e - 1>>,
644 provided that the constraint S<C<s E<lt> e>> is true (this is asserted for in
645 C<-DDEBUGGING> builds). If the UTF-8 for the input character is malformed in
646 some way, the program may croak, or the function may return FALSE, at the
647 discretion of the implementation, and subject to change in future releases.
649 Variant C<isI<FOO>_LC> is like the C<isI<FOO>_A> and C<isI<FOO>_L1> variants,
650 but the result is based on the current locale, which is what C<LC> in the name
651 stands for. If Perl can determine that the current locale is a UTF-8 locale,
652 it uses the published Unicode rules; otherwise, it uses the C library function
653 that gives the named classification. For example, C<isDIGIT_LC()> when not in
654 a UTF-8 locale returns the result of calling C<isdigit()>. FALSE is always
655 returned if the input won't fit into an octet. On some platforms where the C
656 library function is known to be defective, Perl changes its result to follow
657 the POSIX standard's rules.
659 Variant C<isI<FOO>_LC_uvchr> acts exactly like C<isI<FOO>_LC> for inputs less
660 than 256, but for larger ones it returns the Unicode classification of the code
663 Variants C<isI<FOO>_LC_utf8> and C<isI<FOO>_LC_utf8_safe> are like
664 C<isI<FOO>_LC_uvchr>, but are used for UTF-8 encoded strings. The two forms
665 are different names for the same thing. Each call to one of these classifies
666 the first character of the string starting at C<p>. The second parameter,
667 C<e>, points to anywhere in the string beyond the first character, up to one
668 byte past the end of the entire string. Although both variants are identical,
669 the suffix C<_safe> in one name emphasizes that it will not attempt to read
670 beyond S<C<e - 1>>, provided that the constraint S<C<s E<lt> e>> is true (this
671 is asserted for in C<-DDEBUGGING> builds). If the UTF-8 for the input
672 character is malformed in some way, the program may croak, or the function may
673 return FALSE, at the discretion of the implementation, and subject to change in
676 =for apidoc Am|bool|isALPHA|int ch
677 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified input is one of C<[A-Za-z]>,
678 analogous to C<m/[[:alpha:]]/>.
679 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
681 C<isALPHA_A>, C<isALPHA_L1>, C<isALPHA_uvchr>, C<isALPHA_utf8>,
682 C<isALPHA_utf8_safe>, C<isALPHA_LC>, C<isALPHA_LC_uvchr>, C<isALPHA_LC_utf8>,
683 and C<isALPHA_LC_utf8_safe>.
687 Here and below, we add the protoypes of these macros for downstream programs
688 that would be interested in them, such as Devel::PPPort
690 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHA_A|int ch
691 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHA_L1|int ch
692 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHA_uvchr|int ch
693 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHA_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
694 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHA_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
695 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHA_LC|int ch
696 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHA_LC_uvchr|int ch
697 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHA_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
699 =for apidoc Am|bool|isALPHANUMERIC|int ch
700 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is one of
701 C<[A-Za-z0-9]>, analogous to C<m/[[:alnum:]]/>.
702 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
704 C<isALPHANUMERIC_A>, C<isALPHANUMERIC_L1>, C<isALPHANUMERIC_uvchr>,
705 C<isALPHANUMERIC_utf8>, C<isALPHANUMERIC_utf8_safe>, C<isALPHANUMERIC_LC>,
706 C<isALPHANUMERIC_LC_uvchr>, C<isALPHANUMERIC_LC_utf8>, and
707 C<isALPHANUMERIC_LC_utf8_safe>.
709 A (discouraged from use) synonym is C<isALNUMC> (where the C<C> suffix means
710 this corresponds to the C language alphanumeric definition). Also
711 there are the variants
712 C<isALNUMC_A>, C<isALNUMC_L1>
713 C<isALNUMC_LC>, and C<isALNUMC_LC_uvchr>.
715 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHANUMERIC_A|int ch
716 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHANUMERIC_L1|int ch
717 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHANUMERIC_uvchr|int ch
718 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHANUMERIC_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
719 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHANUMERIC_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
720 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHANUMERIC_LC|int ch
721 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHANUMERIC_LC_uvchr|int ch
722 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALPHANUMERIC_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
723 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALNUMC|int ch
724 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALNUMC_A|int ch
725 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALNUMC_L1|int ch
726 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALNUMC_LC|int ch
727 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALNUMC_LC_uvchr|int ch
729 =for apidoc Am|bool|isASCII|int ch
730 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is one of the 128
731 characters in the ASCII character set, analogous to C<m/[[:ascii:]]/>.
732 On non-ASCII platforms, it returns TRUE iff this
733 character corresponds to an ASCII character. Variants C<isASCII_A()> and
734 C<isASCII_L1()> are identical to C<isASCII()>.
735 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
737 C<isASCII_uvchr>, C<isASCII_utf8>, C<isASCII_utf8_safe>, C<isASCII_LC>,
738 C<isASCII_LC_uvchr>, C<isASCII_LC_utf8>, and C<isASCII_LC_utf8_safe>.
739 Note, however, that some platforms do not have the C library routine
740 C<isascii()>. In these cases, the variants whose names contain C<LC> are the
741 same as the corresponding ones without.
743 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isASCII_A|int ch
744 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isASCII_L1|int ch
745 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isASCII_uvchr|int ch
746 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isASCII_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
747 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isASCII_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
748 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isASCII_LC|int ch
749 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isASCII_LC_uvchr|int ch
750 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isASCII_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
752 Also note, that because all ASCII characters are UTF-8 invariant (meaning they
753 have the exact same representation (always a single byte) whether encoded in
754 UTF-8 or not), C<isASCII> will give the correct results when called with any
755 byte in any string encoded or not in UTF-8. And similarly C<isASCII_utf8> and
756 C<isASCII_utf8_safe> will work properly on any string encoded or not in UTF-8.
758 =for apidoc Am|bool|isBLANK|char ch
759 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a
760 character considered to be a blank, analogous to C<m/[[:blank:]]/>.
761 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
763 C<isBLANK_A>, C<isBLANK_L1>, C<isBLANK_uvchr>, C<isBLANK_utf8>,
764 C<isBLANK_utf8_safe>, C<isBLANK_LC>, C<isBLANK_LC_uvchr>, C<isBLANK_LC_utf8>,
765 and C<isBLANK_LC_utf8_safe>. Note,
766 however, that some platforms do not have the C library routine
767 C<isblank()>. In these cases, the variants whose names contain C<LC> are
768 the same as the corresponding ones without.
770 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isBLANK_A|int ch
771 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isBLANK_L1|int ch
772 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isBLANK_uvchr|int ch
773 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isBLANK_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
774 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isBLANK_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
775 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isBLANK_LC|int ch
776 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isBLANK_LC_uvchr|int ch
777 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isBLANK_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
779 =for apidoc Am|bool|isCNTRL|char ch
780 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a
781 control character, analogous to C<m/[[:cntrl:]]/>.
782 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
784 C<isCNTRL_A>, C<isCNTRL_L1>, C<isCNTRL_uvchr>, C<isCNTRL_utf8>,
785 C<isCNTRL_utf8_safe>, C<isCNTRL_LC>, C<isCNTRL_LC_uvchr>, C<isCNTRL_LC_utf8>
786 and C<isCNTRL_LC_utf8_safe>. On EBCDIC
787 platforms, you almost always want to use the C<isCNTRL_L1> variant.
789 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isCNTRL_A|int ch
790 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isCNTRL_L1|int ch
791 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isCNTRL_uvchr|int ch
792 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isCNTRL_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
793 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isCNTRL_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
794 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isCNTRL_LC|int ch
795 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isCNTRL_LC_uvchr|int ch
796 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isCNTRL_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
798 =for apidoc Am|bool|isDIGIT|char ch
799 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a
800 digit, analogous to C<m/[[:digit:]]/>.
801 Variants C<isDIGIT_A> and C<isDIGIT_L1> are identical to C<isDIGIT>.
802 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
804 C<isDIGIT_uvchr>, C<isDIGIT_utf8>, C<isDIGIT_utf8_safe>, C<isDIGIT_LC>,
805 C<isDIGIT_LC_uvchr>, C<isDIGIT_LC_utf8>, and C<isDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe>.
807 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isDIGIT_A|int ch
808 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isDIGIT_L1|int ch
809 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isDIGIT_uvchr|int ch
810 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isDIGIT_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
811 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isDIGIT_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
812 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isDIGIT_LC|int ch
813 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isDIGIT_LC_uvchr|int ch
814 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
816 =for apidoc Am|bool|isGRAPH|char ch
817 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a
818 graphic character, analogous to C<m/[[:graph:]]/>.
819 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
820 variants C<isGRAPH_A>, C<isGRAPH_L1>, C<isGRAPH_uvchr>, C<isGRAPH_utf8>,
821 C<isGRAPH_utf8_safe>, C<isGRAPH_LC>, C<isGRAPH_LC_uvchr>,
822 C<isGRAPH_LC_utf8_safe>, and C<isGRAPH_LC_utf8_safe>.
824 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isGRAPH_A|int ch
825 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isGRAPH_L1|int ch
826 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isGRAPH_uvchr|int ch
827 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isGRAPH_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
828 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isGRAPH_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
829 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isGRAPH_LC|int ch
830 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isGRAPH_LC_uvchr|int ch
831 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isGRAPH_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
833 =for apidoc Am|bool|isLOWER|char ch
834 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a
835 lowercase character, analogous to C<m/[[:lower:]]/>.
836 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
838 C<isLOWER_A>, C<isLOWER_L1>, C<isLOWER_uvchr>, C<isLOWER_utf8>,
839 C<isLOWER_utf8_safe>, C<isLOWER_LC>, C<isLOWER_LC_uvchr>, C<isLOWER_LC_utf8>,
840 and C<isLOWER_LC_utf8_safe>.
842 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isLOWER_A|int ch
843 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isLOWER_L1|int ch
844 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isLOWER_uvchr|int ch
845 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isLOWER_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
846 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isLOWER_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
847 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isLOWER_LC|int ch
848 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isLOWER_LC_uvchr|int ch
849 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isLOWER_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
851 =for apidoc Am|bool|isOCTAL|char ch
852 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is an
854 The only two variants are C<isOCTAL_A> and C<isOCTAL_L1>; each is identical to
857 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isOCTAL_A|int ch
858 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isOCTAL_L1|int ch
860 =for apidoc Am|bool|isPUNCT|char ch
861 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a
862 punctuation character, analogous to C<m/[[:punct:]]/>.
863 Note that the definition of what is punctuation isn't as
864 straightforward as one might desire. See L<perlrecharclass/POSIX Character
865 Classes> for details.
866 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
867 variants C<isPUNCT_A>, C<isPUNCT_L1>, C<isPUNCT_uvchr>, C<isPUNCT_utf8>,
868 C<isPUNCT_utf8_safe>, C<isPUNCT_LC>, C<isPUNCT_LC_uvchr>, C<isPUNCT_LC_utf8>,
869 and C<isPUNCT_LC_utf8_safe>.
871 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPUNCT_A|int ch
872 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPUNCT_L1|int ch
873 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPUNCT_uvchr|int ch
874 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPUNCT_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
875 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPUNCT_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
876 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPUNCT_LC|int ch
877 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPUNCT_LC_uvchr|int ch
878 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPUNCT_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
880 =for apidoc Am|bool|isSPACE|char ch
881 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a
882 whitespace character. This is analogous
883 to what C<m/\s/> matches in a regular expression. Starting in Perl 5.18
884 this also matches what C<m/[[:space:]]/> does. Prior to 5.18, only the
885 locale forms of this macro (the ones with C<LC> in their names) matched
886 precisely what C<m/[[:space:]]/> does. In those releases, the only difference,
887 in the non-locale variants, was that C<isSPACE()> did not match a vertical tab.
888 (See L</isPSXSPC> for a macro that matches a vertical tab in all releases.)
889 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
891 C<isSPACE_A>, C<isSPACE_L1>, C<isSPACE_uvchr>, C<isSPACE_utf8>,
892 C<isSPACE_utf8_safe>, C<isSPACE_LC>, C<isSPACE_LC_uvchr>, C<isSPACE_LC_utf8>,
893 and C<isSPACE_LC_utf8_safe>.
895 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isSPACE_A|int ch
896 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isSPACE_L1|int ch
897 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isSPACE_uvchr|int ch
898 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isSPACE_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
899 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isSPACE_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
900 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isSPACE_LC|int ch
901 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isSPACE_LC_uvchr|int ch
902 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isSPACE_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
904 =for apidoc Am|bool|isPSXSPC|char ch
905 (short for Posix Space)
906 Starting in 5.18, this is identical in all its forms to the
907 corresponding C<isSPACE()> macros.
908 The locale forms of this macro are identical to their corresponding
909 C<isSPACE()> forms in all Perl releases. In releases prior to 5.18, the
910 non-locale forms differ from their C<isSPACE()> forms only in that the
911 C<isSPACE()> forms don't match a Vertical Tab, and the C<isPSXSPC()> forms do.
912 Otherwise they are identical. Thus this macro is analogous to what
913 C<m/[[:space:]]/> matches in a regular expression.
914 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
915 variants C<isPSXSPC_A>, C<isPSXSPC_L1>, C<isPSXSPC_uvchr>, C<isPSXSPC_utf8>,
916 C<isPSXSPC_utf8_safe>, C<isPSXSPC_LC>, C<isPSXSPC_LC_uvchr>,
917 C<isPSXSPC_LC_utf8>, and C<isPSXSPC_LC_utf8_safe>.
919 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPSXSPC_A|int ch
920 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPSXSPC_L1|int ch
921 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPSXSPC_uvchr|int ch
922 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPSXSPC_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
923 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPSXSPC_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
924 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPSXSPC_LC|int ch
925 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPSXSPC_LC_uvchr|int ch
926 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPSXSPC_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
928 =for apidoc Am|bool|isUPPER|char ch
929 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is an
930 uppercase character, analogous to C<m/[[:upper:]]/>.
931 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
932 variants C<isUPPER_A>, C<isUPPER_L1>, C<isUPPER_uvchr>, C<isUPPER_utf8>,
933 C<isUPPER_utf8_safe>, C<isUPPER_LC>, C<isUPPER_LC_uvchr>, C<isUPPER_LC_utf8>,
934 and C<isUPPER_LC_utf8_safe>.
936 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isUPPER_A|int ch
937 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isUPPER_L1|int ch
938 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isUPPER_uvchr|int ch
939 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isUPPER_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
940 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isUPPER_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
941 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isUPPER_LC|int ch
942 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isUPPER_LC_uvchr|int ch
943 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isUPPER_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
945 =for apidoc Am|bool|isPRINT|char ch
946 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a
947 printable character, analogous to C<m/[[:print:]]/>.
948 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
950 C<isPRINT_A>, C<isPRINT_L1>, C<isPRINT_uvchr>, C<isPRINT_utf8>,
951 C<isPRINT_utf8_safe>, C<isPRINT_LC>, C<isPRINT_LC_uvchr>, C<isPRINT_LC_utf8>,
952 and C<isPRINT_LC_utf8_safe>.
954 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPRINT_A|int ch
955 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPRINT_L1|int ch
956 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPRINT_uvchr|int ch
957 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPRINT_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
958 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPRINT_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
959 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPRINT_LC|int ch
960 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPRINT_LC_uvchr|int ch
961 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isPRINT_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
963 =for apidoc Am|bool|isWORDCHAR|char ch
964 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a character
965 that is a word character, analogous to what C<m/\w/> and C<m/[[:word:]]/> match
966 in a regular expression. A word character is an alphabetic character, a
967 decimal digit, a connecting punctuation character (such as an underscore), or
968 a "mark" character that attaches to one of those (like some sort of accent).
969 C<isALNUM()> is a synonym provided for backward compatibility, even though a
970 word character includes more than the standard C language meaning of
972 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
973 variants C<isWORDCHAR_A>, C<isWORDCHAR_L1>, C<isWORDCHAR_uvchr>,
974 C<isWORDCHAR_utf8>, and C<isWORDCHAR_utf8_safe>. C<isWORDCHAR_LC>,
975 C<isWORDCHAR_LC_uvchr>, C<isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8>, and C<isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8_safe>
976 are also as described there, but additionally include the platform's native
979 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isWORDCHAR_A|int ch
980 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isWORDCHAR_L1|int ch
981 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isWORDCHAR_uvchr|int ch
982 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isWORDCHAR_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
983 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isWORDCHAR_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
984 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isWORDCHAR_LC|int ch
985 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isWORDCHAR_LC_uvchr|int ch
986 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
987 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALNUM|int ch
988 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALNUM_A|int ch
989 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALNUM_LC|int ch
990 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isALNUM_LC_uvchr|int ch
992 =for apidoc Am|bool|isXDIGIT|char ch
993 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character is a hexadecimal
994 digit. In the ASCII range these are C<[0-9A-Fa-f]>. Variants C<isXDIGIT_A()>
995 and C<isXDIGIT_L1()> are identical to C<isXDIGIT()>.
996 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
998 C<isXDIGIT_uvchr>, C<isXDIGIT_utf8>, C<isXDIGIT_utf8_safe>, C<isXDIGIT_LC>,
999 C<isXDIGIT_LC_uvchr>, C<isXDIGIT_LC_utf8>, and C<isXDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe>.
1001 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isXDIGIT_A|int ch
1002 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isXDIGIT_L1|int ch
1003 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isXDIGIT_uvchr|int ch
1004 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isXDIGIT_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
1005 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isXDIGIT_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
1006 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isXDIGIT_LC|int ch
1007 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isXDIGIT_LC_uvchr|int ch
1008 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isXDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
1010 =for apidoc Am|bool|isIDFIRST|char ch
1011 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character can be the first
1012 character of an identifier. This is very close to, but not quite the same as
1013 the official Unicode property C<XID_Start>. The difference is that this
1014 returns true only if the input character also matches L</isWORDCHAR>.
1015 See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for an explanation of
1017 C<isIDFIRST_A>, C<isIDFIRST_L1>, C<isIDFIRST_uvchr>, C<isIDFIRST_utf8>,
1018 C<isIDFIRST_utf8_safe>, C<isIDFIRST_LC>, C<isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr>,
1019 C<isIDFIRST_LC_utf8>, and C<isIDFIRST_LC_utf8_safe>.
1021 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDFIRST_A|int ch
1022 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDFIRST_L1|int ch
1023 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDFIRST_uvchr|int ch
1024 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDFIRST_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
1025 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDFIRST_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
1026 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDFIRST_LC|int ch
1027 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr|int ch
1028 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDFIRST_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
1030 =for apidoc Am|bool|isIDCONT|char ch
1031 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified character can be the
1032 second or succeeding character of an identifier. This is very close to, but
1033 not quite the same as the official Unicode property C<XID_Continue>. The
1034 difference is that this returns true only if the input character also matches
1035 L</isWORDCHAR>. See the L<top of this section|/Character classification> for
1036 an explanation of variants C<isIDCONT_A>, C<isIDCONT_L1>, C<isIDCONT_uvchr>,
1037 C<isIDCONT_utf8>, C<isIDCONT_utf8_safe>, C<isIDCONT_LC>, C<isIDCONT_LC_uvchr>,
1038 C<isIDCONT_LC_utf8>, and C<isIDCONT_LC_utf8_safe>.
1040 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDCONT_A|int ch
1041 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDCONT_L1|int ch
1042 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDCONT_uvchr|int ch
1043 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDCONT_utf8_safe|U8 * s|U8 * end
1044 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDCONT_utf8|U8 * s|U8 * end
1045 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDCONT_LC|int ch
1046 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDCONT_LC_uvchr|int ch
1047 =for apidoc Amh|bool|isIDCONT_LC_utf8_safe|U8 * s| U8 *end
1049 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
1051 =for apidoc Am|U8|READ_XDIGIT|char str*
1052 Returns the value of an ASCII-range hex digit and advances the string pointer.
1053 Behaviour is only well defined when isXDIGIT(*str) is true.
1055 =head1 Character case changing
1056 Perl uses "full" Unicode case mappings. This means that converting a single
1057 character to another case may result in a sequence of more than one character.
1058 For example, the uppercase of C<E<223>> (LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S) is the two
1059 character sequence C<SS>. This presents some complications The lowercase of
1060 all characters in the range 0..255 is a single character, and thus
1061 C<L</toLOWER_L1>> is furnished. But, C<toUPPER_L1> can't exist, as it couldn't
1062 return a valid result for all legal inputs. Instead C<L</toUPPER_uvchr>> has
1063 an API that does allow every possible legal result to be returned.) Likewise
1064 no other function that is crippled by not being able to give the correct
1065 results for the full range of possible inputs has been implemented here.
1067 =for apidoc Am|U8|toUPPER|int ch
1068 Converts the specified character to uppercase. If the input is anything but an
1069 ASCII lowercase character, that input character itself is returned. Variant
1070 C<toUPPER_A> is equivalent.
1072 =for apidoc Am|UV|toUPPER_uvchr|UV cp|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1073 Converts the code point C<cp> to its uppercase version, and
1074 stores that in UTF-8 in C<s>, and its length in bytes in C<lenp>. The code
1075 point is interpreted as native if less than 256; otherwise as Unicode. Note
1076 that the buffer pointed to by C<s> needs to be at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1>
1077 bytes since the uppercase version may be longer than the original character.
1079 The first code point of the uppercased version is returned
1080 (but note, as explained at L<the top of this section|/Character case
1081 changing>, that there may be more.)
1083 =for apidoc Am|UV|toUPPER_utf8|U8* p|U8* e|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1084 Converts the first UTF-8 encoded character in the sequence starting at C<p> and
1085 extending no further than S<C<e - 1>> to its uppercase version, and
1086 stores that in UTF-8 in C<s>, and its length in bytes in C<lenp>. Note
1087 that the buffer pointed to by C<s> needs to be at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1>
1088 bytes since the uppercase version may be longer than the original character.
1090 The first code point of the uppercased version is returned
1091 (but note, as explained at L<the top of this section|/Character case
1092 changing>, that there may be more).
1094 It will not attempt to read beyond S<C<e - 1>>, provided that the constraint
1095 S<C<s E<lt> e>> is true (this is asserted for in C<-DDEBUGGING> builds). If
1096 the UTF-8 for the input character is malformed in some way, the program may
1097 croak, or the function may return the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, at the discretion
1098 of the implementation, and subject to change in future releases.
1100 =for apidoc Am|UV|toUPPER_utf8_safe|U8* p|U8* e|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1101 Same as L</toUPPER_utf8>.
1103 =for apidoc Am|U8|toFOLD|U8 ch
1104 Converts the specified character to foldcase. If the input is anything but an
1105 ASCII uppercase character, that input character itself is returned. Variant
1106 C<toFOLD_A> is equivalent. (There is no equivalent C<to_FOLD_L1> for the full
1107 Latin1 range, as the full generality of L</toFOLD_uvchr> is needed there.)
1109 =for apidoc Am|UV|toFOLD_uvchr|UV cp|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1110 Converts the code point C<cp> to its foldcase version, and
1111 stores that in UTF-8 in C<s>, and its length in bytes in C<lenp>. The code
1112 point is interpreted as native if less than 256; otherwise as Unicode. Note
1113 that the buffer pointed to by C<s> needs to be at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1>
1114 bytes since the foldcase version may be longer than the original character.
1116 The first code point of the foldcased version is returned
1117 (but note, as explained at L<the top of this section|/Character case
1118 changing>, that there may be more).
1120 =for apidoc Am|UV|toFOLD_utf8|U8* p|U8* e|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1121 Converts the first UTF-8 encoded character in the sequence starting at C<p> and
1122 extending no further than S<C<e - 1>> to its foldcase version, and
1123 stores that in UTF-8 in C<s>, and its length in bytes in C<lenp>. Note
1124 that the buffer pointed to by C<s> needs to be at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1>
1125 bytes since the foldcase version may be longer than the original character.
1127 The first code point of the foldcased version is returned
1128 (but note, as explained at L<the top of this section|/Character case
1129 changing>, that there may be more).
1132 to read beyond S<C<e - 1>>, provided that the constraint S<C<s E<lt> e>> is
1133 true (this is asserted for in C<-DDEBUGGING> builds). If the UTF-8 for the
1134 input character is malformed in some way, the program may croak, or the
1135 function may return the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, at the discretion of the
1136 implementation, and subject to change in future releases.
1138 =for apidoc Am|UV|toFOLD_utf8_safe|U8* p|U8* e|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1139 Same as L</toFOLD_utf8>.
1141 =for apidoc Am|U8|toLOWER|U8 ch
1142 Converts the specified character to lowercase. If the input is anything but an
1143 ASCII uppercase character, that input character itself is returned. Variant
1144 C<toLOWER_A> is equivalent.
1146 =for apidoc Am|U8|toLOWER_L1|U8 ch
1147 Converts the specified Latin1 character to lowercase. The results are
1148 undefined if the input doesn't fit in a byte.
1150 =for apidoc Am|U8|toLOWER_LC|U8 ch
1151 Converts the specified character to lowercase using the current locale's rules,
1152 if possible; otherwise returns the input character itself.
1154 =for apidoc Am|UV|toLOWER_uvchr|UV cp|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1155 Converts the code point C<cp> to its lowercase version, and
1156 stores that in UTF-8 in C<s>, and its length in bytes in C<lenp>. The code
1157 point is interpreted as native if less than 256; otherwise as Unicode. Note
1158 that the buffer pointed to by C<s> needs to be at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1>
1159 bytes since the lowercase version may be longer than the original character.
1161 The first code point of the lowercased version is returned
1162 (but note, as explained at L<the top of this section|/Character case
1163 changing>, that there may be more).
1165 =for apidoc Am|UV|toLOWER_utf8|U8* p|U8* e|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1166 Converts the first UTF-8 encoded character in the sequence starting at C<p> and
1167 extending no further than S<C<e - 1>> to its lowercase version, and
1168 stores that in UTF-8 in C<s>, and its length in bytes in C<lenp>. Note
1169 that the buffer pointed to by C<s> needs to be at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1>
1170 bytes since the lowercase version may be longer than the original character.
1172 The first code point of the lowercased version is returned
1173 (but note, as explained at L<the top of this section|/Character case
1174 changing>, that there may be more).
1175 It will not attempt to read beyond S<C<e - 1>>, provided that the constraint
1176 S<C<s E<lt> e>> is true (this is asserted for in C<-DDEBUGGING> builds). If
1177 the UTF-8 for the input character is malformed in some way, the program may
1178 croak, or the function may return the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, at the discretion
1179 of the implementation, and subject to change in future releases.
1181 =for apidoc Am|UV|toLOWER_utf8_safe|U8* p|U8* e|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1182 Same as L</toLOWER_utf8>.
1184 =for apidoc Am|U8|toTITLE|U8 ch
1185 Converts the specified character to titlecase. If the input is anything but an
1186 ASCII lowercase character, that input character itself is returned. Variant
1187 C<toTITLE_A> is equivalent. (There is no C<toTITLE_L1> for the full Latin1
1188 range, as the full generality of L</toTITLE_uvchr> is needed there. Titlecase is
1189 not a concept used in locale handling, so there is no functionality for that.)
1191 =for apidoc Am|UV|toTITLE_uvchr|UV cp|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1192 Converts the code point C<cp> to its titlecase version, and
1193 stores that in UTF-8 in C<s>, and its length in bytes in C<lenp>. The code
1194 point is interpreted as native if less than 256; otherwise as Unicode. Note
1195 that the buffer pointed to by C<s> needs to be at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1>
1196 bytes since the titlecase version may be longer than the original character.
1198 The first code point of the titlecased version is returned
1199 (but note, as explained at L<the top of this section|/Character case
1200 changing>, that there may be more).
1202 =for apidoc Am|UV|toTITLE_utf8|U8* p|U8* e|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1203 Converts the first UTF-8 encoded character in the sequence starting at C<p> and
1204 extending no further than S<C<e - 1>> to its titlecase version, and
1205 stores that in UTF-8 in C<s>, and its length in bytes in C<lenp>. Note
1206 that the buffer pointed to by C<s> needs to be at least C<UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1>
1207 bytes since the titlecase version may be longer than the original character.
1209 The first code point of the titlecased version is returned
1210 (but note, as explained at L<the top of this section|/Character case
1211 changing>, that there may be more).
1214 to read beyond S<C<e - 1>>, provided that the constraint S<C<s E<lt> e>> is
1215 true (this is asserted for in C<-DDEBUGGING> builds). If the UTF-8 for the
1216 input character is malformed in some way, the program may croak, or the
1217 function may return the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, at the discretion of the
1218 implementation, and subject to change in future releases.
1220 =for apidoc Am|UV|toTITLE_utf8_safe|U8* p|U8* e|U8* s|STRLEN* lenp
1221 Same as L</toTITLE_utf8>.
1225 XXX Still undocumented isVERTWS_uvchr and _utf8; it's unclear what their names
1226 really should be. Also toUPPER_LC and toFOLD_LC, which are subject to change,
1227 and aren't general purpose as they don't work on U+DF, and assert against that.
1229 Note that these macros are repeated in Devel::PPPort, so should also be
1230 patched there. The file as of this writing is cpan/Devel-PPPort/parts/inc/misc
1235 void below because that's the best fit, and works for Devel::PPPort
1236 =for apidoc AmnU|void|WIDEST_UTYPE
1238 Yields the widest unsigned integer type on the platform, currently either
1239 C<U32> or C<64>. This can be used in declarations such as
1245 my_uv = (WIDEST_UTYPE) val;
1251 # define WIDEST_UTYPE U64
1253 # define WIDEST_UTYPE U32
1256 /* FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) returns true if c doesn't have a bit set other than in
1257 * the lower 8. It is designed to be hopefully bomb-proof, making sure that no
1258 * bits of information are lost even on a 64-bit machine, but to get the
1259 * compiler to optimize it out if possible. This is because Configure makes
1260 * sure that the machine has an 8-bit byte, so if c is stored in a byte, the
1261 * sizeof() guarantees that this evaluates to a constant true at compile time.
1263 * For Coverity, be always true, because otherwise Coverity thinks
1264 * it finds several expressions that are always true, independent
1265 * of operands. Well, they are, but that is kind of the point.
1267 #ifndef __COVERITY__
1268 /* The '| 0' part ensures a compiler error if c is not integer (like e.g., a
1270 #define FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) ( (sizeof(c) == 1) \
1271 || !(((WIDEST_UTYPE)((c) | 0)) & ~0xFF))
1273 #define FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) (1)
1276 /* Returns true if l <= c <= (l + n), where 'l' and 'n' are non-negative
1277 * Written this way so that after optimization, only one conditional test is
1278 * needed. (The NV casts stop any warnings about comparison always being true
1279 * if called with an unsigned. The cast preserves the sign, which is all we
1281 #define withinCOUNT(c, l, n) (__ASSERT_((NV) (l) >= 0) \
1282 __ASSERT_((NV) (n) >= 0) \
1283 (((WIDEST_UTYPE) (((c)) - ((l) | 0))) <= (((WIDEST_UTYPE) ((n) | 0)))))
1285 /* Returns true if c is in the range l..u, where 'l' is non-negative
1286 * Written this way so that after optimization, only one conditional test is
1288 #define inRANGE(c, l, u) (__ASSERT_((u) >= (l)) \
1289 ( (sizeof(c) == sizeof(U8)) ? withinCOUNT(((U8) (c)), (l), ((u) - (l))) \
1290 : (sizeof(c) == sizeof(U32)) ? withinCOUNT(((U32) (c)), (l), ((u) - (l))) \
1291 : (__ASSERT_(sizeof(c) == sizeof(WIDEST_UTYPE)) \
1292 withinCOUNT(((WIDEST_UTYPE) (c)), (l), ((u) - (l))))))
1295 # ifndef _ALL_SOURCE
1296 /* The native libc isascii() et.al. functions return the wrong results
1297 * on at least z/OS unless this is defined. */
1298 # error _ALL_SOURCE should probably be defined
1301 /* There is a simple definition of ASCII for ASCII platforms. But the
1302 * EBCDIC one isn't so simple, so is defined using table look-up like the
1303 * other macros below.
1305 * The cast here is used instead of '(c) >= 0', because some compilers emit
1306 * a warning that that test is always true when the parameter is an
1307 * unsigned type. khw supposes that it could be written as
1308 * && ((c) == '\0' || (c) > 0)
1309 * to avoid the message, but the cast will likely avoid extra branches even
1310 * with stupid compilers.
1312 * The '| 0' part ensures a compiler error if c is not integer (like e.g.,
1314 # define isASCII(c) ((WIDEST_UTYPE)((c) | 0) < 128)
1317 /* Take the eight possible bit patterns of the lower 3 bits and you get the
1318 * lower 3 bits of the 8 octal digits, in both ASCII and EBCDIC, so those bits
1319 * can be ignored. If the rest match '0', we have an octal */
1320 #define isOCTAL_A(c) (((WIDEST_UTYPE)((c) | 0) & ~7) == '0')
1322 #ifdef H_PERL /* If have access to perl.h, lookup in its table */
1324 /* Character class numbers. For internal core Perl use only. The ones less
1325 * than 32 are used in PL_charclass[] and the ones up through the one that
1326 * corresponds to <_HIGHEST_REGCOMP_DOT_H_SYNC> are used by regcomp.h and
1327 * related files. PL_charclass ones use names used in l1_char_class_tab.h but
1328 * their actual definitions are here. If that file has a name not used here,
1331 * The first group of these is ordered in what I (khw) estimate to be the
1332 * frequency of their use. This gives a slight edge to exiting a loop earlier
1333 * (in reginclass() in regexec.c). Except \v should be last, as it isn't a
1334 * real Posix character class, and some (small) inefficiencies in regular
1335 * expression handling would be introduced by putting it in the middle of those
1336 * that are. Also, cntrl and ascii come after the others as it may be useful
1337 * to group these which have no members that match above Latin1, (or above
1338 * ASCII in the latter case) */
1340 # define _CC_WORDCHAR 0 /* \w and [:word:] */
1341 # define _CC_DIGIT 1 /* \d and [:digit:] */
1342 # define _CC_ALPHA 2 /* [:alpha:] */
1343 # define _CC_LOWER 3 /* [:lower:] */
1344 # define _CC_UPPER 4 /* [:upper:] */
1345 # define _CC_PUNCT 5 /* [:punct:] */
1346 # define _CC_PRINT 6 /* [:print:] */
1347 # define _CC_ALPHANUMERIC 7 /* [:alnum:] */
1348 # define _CC_GRAPH 8 /* [:graph:] */
1349 # define _CC_CASED 9 /* [:lower:] or [:upper:] under /i */
1350 # define _CC_SPACE 10 /* \s, [:space:] */
1351 # define _CC_BLANK 11 /* [:blank:] */
1352 # define _CC_XDIGIT 12 /* [:xdigit:] */
1353 # define _CC_CNTRL 13 /* [:cntrl:] */
1354 # define _CC_ASCII 14 /* [:ascii:] */
1355 # define _CC_VERTSPACE 15 /* \v */
1357 # define _HIGHEST_REGCOMP_DOT_H_SYNC _CC_VERTSPACE
1359 /* The members of the third group below do not need to be coordinated with data
1360 * structures in regcomp.[ch] and regexec.c. */
1361 # define _CC_IDFIRST 16
1362 # define _CC_CHARNAME_CONT 17
1363 # define _CC_NONLATIN1_FOLD 18
1364 # define _CC_NONLATIN1_SIMPLE_FOLD 19
1365 # define _CC_QUOTEMETA 20
1366 # define _CC_NON_FINAL_FOLD 21
1367 # define _CC_IS_IN_SOME_FOLD 22
1368 # define _CC_BINDIGIT 23
1369 # define _CC_OCTDIGIT 24
1370 # define _CC_MNEMONIC_CNTRL 25
1372 /* This next group is only used on EBCDIC platforms, so theoretically could be
1373 * shared with something entirely different that's only on ASCII platforms */
1374 # define _CC_UTF8_START_BYTE_IS_FOR_AT_LEAST_SURROGATE 31
1376 * If more bits are needed, one could add a second word for non-64bit
1377 * QUAD_IS_INT systems, using some #ifdefs to distinguish between having a 2nd
1378 * word or not. The IS_IN_SOME_FOLD bit is the most easily expendable, as it
1379 * is used only for optimization (as of this writing), and differs in the
1380 * Latin1 range from the ALPHA bit only in two relatively unimportant
1381 * characters: the masculine and feminine ordinal indicators, so removing it
1382 * would just cause /i regexes which match them to run less efficiently.
1383 * Similarly the EBCDIC-only bits are used just for speed, and could be
1384 * replaced by other means */
1386 #if defined(PERL_CORE) || defined(PERL_EXT)
1387 /* An enum version of the character class numbers, to help compilers
1390 _CC_ENUM_ALPHA = _CC_ALPHA,
1391 _CC_ENUM_ALPHANUMERIC = _CC_ALPHANUMERIC,
1392 _CC_ENUM_ASCII = _CC_ASCII,
1393 _CC_ENUM_BLANK = _CC_BLANK,
1394 _CC_ENUM_CASED = _CC_CASED,
1395 _CC_ENUM_CNTRL = _CC_CNTRL,
1396 _CC_ENUM_DIGIT = _CC_DIGIT,
1397 _CC_ENUM_GRAPH = _CC_GRAPH,
1398 _CC_ENUM_LOWER = _CC_LOWER,
1399 _CC_ENUM_PRINT = _CC_PRINT,
1400 _CC_ENUM_PUNCT = _CC_PUNCT,
1401 _CC_ENUM_SPACE = _CC_SPACE,
1402 _CC_ENUM_UPPER = _CC_UPPER,
1403 _CC_ENUM_VERTSPACE = _CC_VERTSPACE,
1404 _CC_ENUM_WORDCHAR = _CC_WORDCHAR,
1405 _CC_ENUM_XDIGIT = _CC_XDIGIT
1406 } _char_class_number;
1409 #define POSIX_CC_COUNT (_HIGHEST_REGCOMP_DOT_H_SYNC + 1)
1413 EXTCONST U32 PL_charclass[] = {
1414 # include "l1_char_class_tab.h"
1417 # else /* ! DOINIT */
1418 EXTCONST U32 PL_charclass[];
1422 /* The 1U keeps Solaris from griping when shifting sets the uppermost bit */
1423 # define _CC_mask(classnum) (1U << (classnum))
1425 /* For internal core Perl use only: the base macro for defining macros like
1427 # define _generic_isCC(c, classnum) cBOOL(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1428 && (PL_charclass[(U8) (c)] & _CC_mask(classnum)))
1430 /* The mask for the _A versions of the macros; it just adds in the bit for
1432 # define _CC_mask_A(classnum) (_CC_mask(classnum) | _CC_mask(_CC_ASCII))
1434 /* For internal core Perl use only: the base macro for defining macros like
1435 * isALPHA_A. The foo_A version makes sure that both the desired bit and
1436 * the ASCII bit are present */
1437 # define _generic_isCC_A(c, classnum) (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1438 && ((PL_charclass[(U8) (c)] & _CC_mask_A(classnum)) \
1439 == _CC_mask_A(classnum)))
1441 /* On ASCII platforms certain classes form a single range. It's faster to
1442 * special case these. isDIGIT is a single range on all platforms */
1444 # define isALPHA_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_ALPHA)
1445 # define isGRAPH_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_GRAPH)
1446 # define isLOWER_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_LOWER)
1447 # define isPRINT_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_PRINT)
1448 # define isUPPER_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_UPPER)
1450 /* By folding the upper and lowercase, we can use a single range */
1451 # define isALPHA_A(c) inRANGE((~('A' ^ 'a') & (c)), 'A', 'Z')
1452 # define isGRAPH_A(c) inRANGE(c, ' ' + 1, 0x7e)
1453 # define isLOWER_A(c) inRANGE(c, 'a', 'z')
1454 # define isPRINT_A(c) inRANGE(c, ' ', 0x7e)
1455 # define isUPPER_A(c) inRANGE(c, 'A', 'Z')
1457 # define isALPHANUMERIC_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_ALPHANUMERIC)
1458 # define isBLANK_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_BLANK)
1459 # define isCNTRL_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_CNTRL)
1460 # define isDIGIT_A(c) inRANGE(c, '0', '9')
1461 # define isPUNCT_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_PUNCT)
1462 # define isSPACE_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_SPACE)
1463 # define isWORDCHAR_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_WORDCHAR)
1464 # define isXDIGIT_A(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_XDIGIT) /* No non-ASCII xdigits
1466 # define isIDFIRST_A(c) _generic_isCC_A(c, _CC_IDFIRST)
1467 # define isALPHA_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_ALPHA)
1468 # define isALPHANUMERIC_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_ALPHANUMERIC)
1469 # define isBLANK_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_BLANK)
1471 /* continuation character for legal NAME in \N{NAME} */
1472 # define isCHARNAME_CONT(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_CHARNAME_CONT)
1474 # define isCNTRL_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_CNTRL)
1475 # define isGRAPH_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_GRAPH)
1476 # define isLOWER_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_LOWER)
1477 # define isPRINT_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_PRINT)
1478 # define isPSXSPC_L1(c) isSPACE_L1(c)
1479 # define isPUNCT_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_PUNCT)
1480 # define isSPACE_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_SPACE)
1481 # define isUPPER_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_UPPER)
1482 # define isWORDCHAR_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_WORDCHAR)
1483 # define isIDFIRST_L1(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_IDFIRST)
1486 # define isASCII(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_ASCII)
1489 /* Participates in a single-character fold with a character above 255 */
1490 # define _HAS_NONLATIN1_SIMPLE_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(c) ((! cBOOL(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c))) || (PL_charclass[(U8) (c)] & _CC_mask(_CC_NONLATIN1_SIMPLE_FOLD)))
1492 /* Like the above, but also can be part of a multi-char fold */
1493 # define _HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(c) ((! cBOOL(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c))) || (PL_charclass[(U8) (c)] & _CC_mask(_CC_NONLATIN1_FOLD)))
1495 # define _isQUOTEMETA(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_QUOTEMETA)
1496 # define _IS_NON_FINAL_FOLD_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C(c) \
1497 _generic_isCC(c, _CC_NON_FINAL_FOLD)
1498 # define _IS_IN_SOME_FOLD_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C(c) \
1499 _generic_isCC(c, _CC_IS_IN_SOME_FOLD)
1501 /* is c a control character for which we have a mnemonic? */
1502 # if defined(PERL_CORE) || defined(PERL_EXT)
1503 # define isMNEMONIC_CNTRL(c) _generic_isCC(c, _CC_MNEMONIC_CNTRL)
1505 #else /* else we don't have perl.h H_PERL */
1507 /* If we don't have perl.h, we are compiling a utility program. Below we
1508 * hard-code various macro definitions that wouldn't otherwise be available
1509 * to it. Most are coded based on first principles. These are written to
1510 * avoid EBCDIC vs. ASCII #ifdef's as much as possible. */
1511 # define isDIGIT_A(c) inRANGE(c, '0', '9')
1512 # define isBLANK_A(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
1513 # define isSPACE_A(c) (isBLANK_A(c) \
1518 /* On EBCDIC, there are gaps between 'i' and 'j'; 'r' and 's'. Same for
1519 * uppercase. The tests for those aren't necessary on ASCII, but hurt only
1520 * performance (if optimization isn't on), and allow the same code to be
1521 * used for both platform types */
1522 # define isLOWER_A(c) inRANGE((c), 'a', 'i') \
1523 || inRANGE((c), 'j', 'r') \
1524 || inRANGE((c), 's', 'z')
1525 # define isUPPER_A(c) inRANGE((c), 'A', 'I') \
1526 || inRANGE((c), 'J', 'R') \
1527 || inRANGE((c), 'S', 'Z')
1528 # define isALPHA_A(c) (isUPPER_A(c) || isLOWER_A(c))
1529 # define isALPHANUMERIC_A(c) (isALPHA_A(c) || isDIGIT_A(c))
1530 # define isWORDCHAR_A(c) (isALPHANUMERIC_A(c) || (c) == '_')
1531 # define isIDFIRST_A(c) (isALPHA_A(c) || (c) == '_')
1532 # define isXDIGIT_A(c) ( isDIGIT_A(c) \
1533 || inRANGE((c), 'a', 'f') \
1534 || inRANGE((c), 'A', 'F')
1535 # define isPUNCT_A(c) ((c) == '-' || (c) == '!' || (c) == '"' \
1536 || (c) == '#' || (c) == '$' || (c) == '%' \
1537 || (c) == '&' || (c) == '\'' || (c) == '(' \
1538 || (c) == ')' || (c) == '*' || (c) == '+' \
1539 || (c) == ',' || (c) == '.' || (c) == '/' \
1540 || (c) == ':' || (c) == ';' || (c) == '<' \
1541 || (c) == '=' || (c) == '>' || (c) == '?' \
1542 || (c) == '@' || (c) == '[' || (c) == '\\' \
1543 || (c) == ']' || (c) == '^' || (c) == '_' \
1544 || (c) == '`' || (c) == '{' || (c) == '|' \
1545 || (c) == '}' || (c) == '~')
1546 # define isGRAPH_A(c) (isALPHANUMERIC_A(c) || isPUNCT_A(c))
1547 # define isPRINT_A(c) (isGRAPH_A(c) || (c) == ' ')
1550 /* The below is accurate for the 3 EBCDIC code pages traditionally
1551 * supported by perl. The only difference between them in the controls
1552 * is the position of \n, and that is represented symbolically below */
1553 # define isCNTRL_A(c) ((c) == '\0' || (c) == '\a' || (c) == '\b' \
1554 || (c) == '\f' || (c) == '\n' || (c) == '\r' \
1555 || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\v' \
1556 || inRANGE((c), 1, 3) /* SOH, STX, ETX */ \
1557 || (c) == 7F /* U+7F DEL */ \
1558 || inRANGE((c), 0x0E, 0x13) /* SO SI DLE \
1560 || (c) == 0x18 /* U+18 CAN */ \
1561 || (c) == 0x19 /* U+19 EOM */ \
1562 || inRANGE((c), 0x1C, 0x1F) /* [FGRU]S */ \
1563 || (c) == 0x26 /* U+17 ETB */ \
1564 || (c) == 0x27 /* U+1B ESC */ \
1565 || (c) == 0x2D /* U+05 ENQ */ \
1566 || (c) == 0x2E /* U+06 ACK */ \
1567 || (c) == 0x32 /* U+16 SYN */ \
1568 || (c) == 0x37 /* U+04 EOT */ \
1569 || (c) == 0x3C /* U+14 DC4 */ \
1570 || (c) == 0x3D /* U+15 NAK */ \
1571 || (c) == 0x3F)/* U+1A SUB */
1572 # define isASCII(c) (isCNTRL_A(c) || isPRINT_A(c))
1573 # else /* isASCII is already defined for ASCII platforms, so can use that to
1575 # define isCNTRL_A(c) (isASCII(c) && ! isPRINT_A(c))
1578 /* The _L1 macros may be unnecessary for the utilities; I (khw) added them
1579 * during debugging, and it seems best to keep them. We may be called
1580 * without NATIVE_TO_LATIN1 being defined. On ASCII platforms, it doesn't
1581 * do anything anyway, so make it not a problem */
1582 # if ! defined(EBCDIC) && ! defined(NATIVE_TO_LATIN1)
1583 # define NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(ch) (ch)
1585 # define isALPHA_L1(c) (isUPPER_L1(c) || isLOWER_L1(c))
1586 # define isALPHANUMERIC_L1(c) (isALPHA_L1(c) || isDIGIT_A(c))
1587 # define isBLANK_L1(c) (isBLANK_A(c) \
1588 || (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1589 && NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xA0))
1590 # define isCNTRL_L1(c) (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) && (! isPRINT_L1(c)))
1591 # define isGRAPH_L1(c) (isPRINT_L1(c) && (! isBLANK_L1(c)))
1592 # define isLOWER_L1(c) (isLOWER_A(c) \
1593 || (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1594 && (( NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) >= 0xDF \
1595 && NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) != 0xF7) \
1596 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xAA \
1597 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xBA \
1598 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xB5)))
1599 # define isPRINT_L1(c) (isPRINT_A(c) \
1600 || (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1601 && NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) >= 0xA0))
1602 # define isPUNCT_L1(c) (isPUNCT_A(c) \
1603 || (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1604 && ( NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xA1 \
1605 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xA7 \
1606 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xAB \
1607 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xB6 \
1608 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xB7 \
1609 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xBB \
1610 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xBF)))
1611 # define isSPACE_L1(c) (isSPACE_A(c) \
1612 || (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1613 && ( NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0x85 \
1614 || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) == 0xA0)))
1615 # define isUPPER_L1(c) (isUPPER_A(c) \
1616 || (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1617 && ( IN_RANGE(NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c), \
1619 && NATIVE_TO_LATIN1((U8) c) != 0xD7)))
1620 # define isWORDCHAR_L1(c) (isIDFIRST_L1(c) || isDIGIT_A(c))
1621 # define isIDFIRST_L1(c) (isALPHA_L1(c) || NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(c) == '_')
1622 # define isCHARNAME_CONT(c) (isWORDCHAR_L1(c) \
1627 /* The following are not fully accurate in the above-ASCII range. I (khw)
1628 * don't think it's necessary to be so for the purposes where this gets
1630 # define _isQUOTEMETA(c) (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) && ! isWORDCHAR_L1(c))
1631 # define _IS_IN_SOME_FOLD_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C(c) isALPHA_L1(c)
1633 /* And these aren't accurate at all. They are useful only for above
1634 * Latin1, which utilities and bootstrapping don't deal with */
1635 # define _IS_NON_FINAL_FOLD_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C(c) 0
1636 # define _HAS_NONLATIN1_SIMPLE_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(c) 0
1637 # define _HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(c) 0
1639 /* Many of the macros later in this file are defined in terms of these. By
1640 * implementing them with a function, which converts the class number into
1641 * a call to the desired macro, all of the later ones work. However, that
1642 * function won't be actually defined when building a utility program (no
1643 * perl.h), and so a compiler error will be generated if one is attempted
1644 * to be used. And the above-Latin1 code points require Unicode tables to
1645 * be present, something unlikely to be the case when bootstrapping */
1646 # define _generic_isCC(c, classnum) \
1647 (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) && S_bootstrap_ctype((U8) (c), (classnum), TRUE))
1648 # define _generic_isCC_A(c, classnum) \
1649 (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) && S_bootstrap_ctype((U8) (c), (classnum), FALSE))
1650 #endif /* End of no perl.h H_PERL */
1652 #define isALPHANUMERIC(c) isALPHANUMERIC_A(c)
1653 #define isALPHA(c) isALPHA_A(c)
1654 #define isASCII_A(c) isASCII(c)
1655 #define isASCII_L1(c) isASCII(c)
1656 #define isBLANK(c) isBLANK_A(c)
1657 #define isCNTRL(c) isCNTRL_A(c)
1658 #define isDIGIT(c) isDIGIT_A(c)
1659 #define isGRAPH(c) isGRAPH_A(c)
1660 #define isIDFIRST(c) isIDFIRST_A(c)
1661 #define isLOWER(c) isLOWER_A(c)
1662 #define isPRINT(c) isPRINT_A(c)
1663 #define isPSXSPC_A(c) isSPACE_A(c)
1664 #define isPSXSPC(c) isPSXSPC_A(c)
1665 #define isPSXSPC_L1(c) isSPACE_L1(c)
1666 #define isPUNCT(c) isPUNCT_A(c)
1667 #define isSPACE(c) isSPACE_A(c)
1668 #define isUPPER(c) isUPPER_A(c)
1669 #define isWORDCHAR(c) isWORDCHAR_A(c)
1670 #define isXDIGIT(c) isXDIGIT_A(c)
1672 /* ASCII casing. These could also be written as
1673 #define toLOWER(c) (isASCII(c) ? toLOWER_LATIN1(c) : (c))
1674 #define toUPPER(c) (isASCII(c) ? toUPPER_LATIN1_MOD(c) : (c))
1675 which uses table lookup and mask instead of subtraction. (This would
1676 work because the _MOD does not apply in the ASCII range).
1678 These actually are UTF-8 invariant casing, not just ASCII, as any non-ASCII
1679 UTF-8 invariants are neither upper nor lower. (Only on EBCDIC platforms are
1680 there non-ASCII invariants, and all of them are controls.) */
1681 #define toLOWER(c) (isUPPER(c) ? (U8)((c) + ('a' - 'A')) : (c))
1682 #define toUPPER(c) (isLOWER(c) ? (U8)((c) - ('a' - 'A')) : (c))
1684 /* In the ASCII range, these are equivalent to what they're here defined to be.
1685 * But by creating these definitions, other code doesn't have to be aware of
1686 * this detail. Actually this works for all UTF-8 invariants, not just the
1687 * ASCII range. (EBCDIC platforms can have non-ASCII invariants.) */
1688 #define toFOLD(c) toLOWER(c)
1689 #define toTITLE(c) toUPPER(c)
1691 #define toLOWER_A(c) toLOWER(c)
1692 #define toUPPER_A(c) toUPPER(c)
1693 #define toFOLD_A(c) toFOLD(c)
1694 #define toTITLE_A(c) toTITLE(c)
1696 /* Use table lookup for speed; returns the input itself if is out-of-range */
1697 #define toLOWER_LATIN1(c) ((! FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
1699 : PL_latin1_lc[ (U8) (c) ])
1700 #define toLOWER_L1(c) toLOWER_LATIN1(c) /* Synonym for consistency */
1702 /* Modified uc. Is correct uc except for three non-ascii chars which are
1703 * all mapped to one of them, and these need special handling; returns the
1704 * input itself if is out-of-range */
1705 #define toUPPER_LATIN1_MOD(c) ((! FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
1707 : PL_mod_latin1_uc[ (U8) (c) ])
1708 #define IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale
1710 /* Use foo_LC_uvchr() instead of these for beyond the Latin1 range */
1712 /* For internal core Perl use only: the base macro for defining macros like
1713 * isALPHA_LC, which uses the current LC_CTYPE locale. 'c' is the code point
1714 * (0-255) to check. In a UTF-8 locale, the result is the same as calling
1715 * isFOO_L1(); the 'utf8_locale_classnum' parameter is something like
1716 * _CC_UPPER, which gives the class number for doing this. For non-UTF-8
1717 * locales, the code to actually do the test this is passed in 'non_utf8'. If
1718 * 'c' is above 255, 0 is returned. For accessing the full range of possible
1719 * code points under locale rules, use the macros based on _generic_LC_uvchr
1720 * instead of this. */
1721 #define _generic_LC_base(c, utf8_locale_classnum, non_utf8) \
1722 (! FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1724 : IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE \
1725 ? cBOOL(PL_charclass[(U8) (c)] & _CC_mask(utf8_locale_classnum)) \
1728 /* For internal core Perl use only: a helper macro for defining macros like
1729 * isALPHA_LC. 'c' is the code point (0-255) to check. The function name to
1730 * actually do this test is passed in 'non_utf8_func', which is called on 'c',
1731 * casting 'c' to the macro _LC_CAST, which should not be parenthesized. See
1732 * _generic_LC_base for more info */
1733 #define _generic_LC(c, utf8_locale_classnum, non_utf8_func) \
1734 _generic_LC_base(c,utf8_locale_classnum, \
1735 non_utf8_func( (_LC_CAST) (c)))
1737 /* For internal core Perl use only: like _generic_LC, but also returns TRUE if
1738 * 'c' is the platform's native underscore character */
1739 #define _generic_LC_underscore(c,utf8_locale_classnum,non_utf8_func) \
1740 _generic_LC_base(c, utf8_locale_classnum, \
1741 (non_utf8_func( (_LC_CAST) (c)) \
1742 || (char)(c) == '_'))
1744 /* These next three are also for internal core Perl use only: case-change
1745 * helper macros. The reason for using the PL_latin arrays is in case the
1746 * system function is defective; it ensures uniform results that conform to the
1747 * Unicod standard. It does not handle the anomalies in UTF-8 Turkic locales */
1748 #define _generic_toLOWER_LC(c, function, cast) (! FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1750 : (IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE) \
1751 ? PL_latin1_lc[ (U8) (c) ] \
1752 : (cast)function((cast)(c)))
1754 /* Note that the result can be larger than a byte in a UTF-8 locale. It
1755 * returns a single value, so can't adequately return the upper case of LATIN
1756 * SMALL LETTER SHARP S in a UTF-8 locale (which should be a string of two
1757 * values "SS"); instead it asserts against that under DEBUGGING, and
1758 * otherwise returns its input. It does not handle the anomalies in UTF-8
1759 * Turkic locales. */
1760 #define _generic_toUPPER_LC(c, function, cast) \
1761 (! FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) \
1763 : ((! IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE) \
1764 ? (cast)function((cast)(c)) \
1765 : ((((U8)(c)) == MICRO_SIGN) \
1766 ? GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_MU \
1767 : ((((U8)(c)) == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS) \
1768 ? LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS \
1769 : ((((U8)(c)) == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) \
1770 ? (__ASSERT_(0) (c)) \
1771 : PL_mod_latin1_uc[ (U8) (c) ])))))
1773 /* Note that the result can be larger than a byte in a UTF-8 locale. It
1774 * returns a single value, so can't adequately return the fold case of LATIN
1775 * SMALL LETTER SHARP S in a UTF-8 locale (which should be a string of two
1776 * values "ss"); instead it asserts against that under DEBUGGING, and
1777 * otherwise returns its input. It does not handle the anomalies in UTF-8
1779 #define _generic_toFOLD_LC(c, function, cast) \
1780 ((UNLIKELY((c) == MICRO_SIGN) && IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE) \
1781 ? GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU \
1782 : (__ASSERT_(! IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE \
1783 || (c) != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) \
1784 _generic_toLOWER_LC(c, function, cast)))
1786 /* Use the libc versions for these if available. */
1787 #if defined(HAS_ISASCII)
1788 # define isASCII_LC(c) (FITS_IN_8_BITS(c) && isascii( (U8) (c)))
1790 # define isASCII_LC(c) isASCII(c)
1793 #if defined(HAS_ISBLANK)
1794 # define isBLANK_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_BLANK, isblank)
1795 #else /* Unlike isASCII, varies if in a UTF-8 locale */
1796 # define isBLANK_LC(c) ((IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE) ? isBLANK_L1(c) : isBLANK(c))
1802 /* The Windows functions don't bother to follow the POSIX standard, which
1803 * for example says that something can't both be a printable and a control.
1804 * But Windows treats the \t control as a printable, and does such things
1805 * as making superscripts into both digits and punctuation. This tames
1806 * these flaws by assuming that the definitions of both controls and space
1807 * are correct, and then making sure that other definitions don't have
1808 * weirdnesses, by making sure that isalnum() isn't also ispunct(), etc.
1809 * Not all possible weirdnesses are checked for, just the ones that were
1810 * detected on actual Microsoft code pages */
1812 # define isCNTRL_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_CNTRL, iscntrl)
1813 # define isSPACE_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_SPACE, isspace)
1815 # define isALPHA_LC(c) (_generic_LC(c, _CC_ALPHA, isalpha) \
1816 && isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c))
1817 # define isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c) (_generic_LC(c, _CC_ALPHANUMERIC, isalnum) && \
1819 # define isDIGIT_LC(c) (_generic_LC(c, _CC_DIGIT, isdigit) && \
1820 isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c))
1821 # define isGRAPH_LC(c) (_generic_LC(c, _CC_GRAPH, isgraph) && isPRINT_LC(c))
1822 # define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (((c) == '_') \
1823 || (_generic_LC(c, _CC_IDFIRST, isalpha) && ! isPUNCT_LC(c)))
1824 # define isLOWER_LC(c) (_generic_LC(c, _CC_LOWER, islower) && isALPHA_LC(c))
1825 # define isPRINT_LC(c) (_generic_LC(c, _CC_PRINT, isprint) && ! isCNTRL_LC(c))
1826 # define isPUNCT_LC(c) (_generic_LC(c, _CC_PUNCT, ispunct) && ! isCNTRL_LC(c))
1827 # define isUPPER_LC(c) (_generic_LC(c, _CC_UPPER, isupper) && isALPHA_LC(c))
1828 # define isWORDCHAR_LC(c) (((c) == '_') || isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c))
1829 # define isXDIGIT_LC(c) (_generic_LC(c, _CC_XDIGIT, isxdigit) \
1830 && isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c))
1832 # define toLOWER_LC(c) _generic_toLOWER_LC((c), tolower, U8)
1833 # define toUPPER_LC(c) _generic_toUPPER_LC((c), toupper, U8)
1834 # define toFOLD_LC(c) _generic_toFOLD_LC((c), tolower, U8)
1836 #elif defined(CTYPE256) || (!defined(isascii) && !defined(HAS_ISASCII))
1837 /* For most other platforms */
1839 # define isALPHA_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_ALPHA, isalpha)
1840 # define isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_ALPHANUMERIC, isalnum)
1841 # define isCNTRL_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_CNTRL, iscntrl)
1842 # define isDIGIT_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_DIGIT, isdigit)
1843 # define isGRAPH_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_GRAPH, isgraph)
1844 # define isIDFIRST_LC(c) _generic_LC_underscore(c, _CC_IDFIRST, isalpha)
1845 # define isLOWER_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_LOWER, islower)
1846 # define isPRINT_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_PRINT, isprint)
1847 # define isPUNCT_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_PUNCT, ispunct)
1848 # define isSPACE_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_SPACE, isspace)
1849 # define isUPPER_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_UPPER, isupper)
1850 # define isWORDCHAR_LC(c) _generic_LC_underscore(c, _CC_WORDCHAR, isalnum)
1851 # define isXDIGIT_LC(c) _generic_LC(c, _CC_XDIGIT, isxdigit)
1854 # define toLOWER_LC(c) _generic_toLOWER_LC((c), tolower, U8)
1855 # define toUPPER_LC(c) _generic_toUPPER_LC((c), toupper, U8)
1856 # define toFOLD_LC(c) _generic_toFOLD_LC((c), tolower, U8)
1858 #else /* The final fallback position */
1860 # define isALPHA_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalpha(c))
1861 # define isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalnum(c))
1862 # define isCNTRL_LC(c) (isascii(c) && iscntrl(c))
1863 # define isDIGIT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isdigit(c))
1864 # define isGRAPH_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isgraph(c))
1865 # define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalpha(c) || (c) == '_'))
1866 # define isLOWER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && islower(c))
1867 # define isPRINT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isprint(c))
1868 # define isPUNCT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && ispunct(c))
1869 # define isSPACE_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isspace(c))
1870 # define isUPPER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isupper(c))
1871 # define isWORDCHAR_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalnum(c) || (c) == '_'))
1872 # define isXDIGIT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isxdigit(c))
1874 # define toLOWER_LC(c) (isascii(c) ? tolower(c) : (c))
1875 # define toUPPER_LC(c) (isascii(c) ? toupper(c) : (c))
1876 # define toFOLD_LC(c) (isascii(c) ? tolower(c) : (c))
1880 #define isIDCONT(c) isWORDCHAR(c)
1881 #define isIDCONT_A(c) isWORDCHAR_A(c)
1882 #define isIDCONT_L1(c) isWORDCHAR_L1(c)
1883 #define isIDCONT_LC(c) isWORDCHAR_LC(c)
1884 #define isPSXSPC_LC(c) isSPACE_LC(c)
1886 /* For internal core Perl use only: the base macros for defining macros like
1887 * isALPHA_uvchr. 'c' is the code point to check. 'classnum' is the POSIX class
1888 * number defined earlier in this file. _generic_uvchr() is used for POSIX
1889 * classes where there is a macro or function 'above_latin1' that takes the
1890 * single argument 'c' and returns the desired value. These exist for those
1891 * classes which have simple definitions, avoiding the overhead of an inversion
1892 * list binary search. _generic_invlist_uvchr() can be used
1893 * for classes where that overhead is faster than a direct lookup.
1894 * _generic_uvchr() won't compile if 'c' isn't unsigned, as it won't match the
1895 * 'above_latin1' prototype. _generic_isCC() macro does bounds checking, so
1896 * have duplicate checks here, so could create versions of the macros that
1897 * don't, but experiments show that gcc optimizes them out anyway. */
1899 /* Note that all ignore 'use bytes' */
1900 #define _generic_uvchr(classnum, above_latin1, c) ((c) < 256 \
1901 ? _generic_isCC(c, classnum) \
1903 #define _generic_invlist_uvchr(classnum, c) ((c) < 256 \
1904 ? _generic_isCC(c, classnum) \
1905 : _is_uni_FOO(classnum, c))
1906 #define isALPHA_uvchr(c) _generic_invlist_uvchr(_CC_ALPHA, c)
1907 #define isALPHANUMERIC_uvchr(c) _generic_invlist_uvchr(_CC_ALPHANUMERIC, c)
1908 #define isASCII_uvchr(c) isASCII(c)
1909 #define isBLANK_uvchr(c) _generic_uvchr(_CC_BLANK, is_HORIZWS_cp_high, c)
1910 #define isCNTRL_uvchr(c) isCNTRL_L1(c) /* All controls are in Latin1 */
1911 #define isDIGIT_uvchr(c) _generic_invlist_uvchr(_CC_DIGIT, c)
1912 #define isGRAPH_uvchr(c) _generic_invlist_uvchr(_CC_GRAPH, c)
1913 #define isIDCONT_uvchr(c) \
1914 _generic_uvchr(_CC_WORDCHAR, _is_uni_perl_idcont, c)
1915 #define isIDFIRST_uvchr(c) \
1916 _generic_uvchr(_CC_IDFIRST, _is_uni_perl_idstart, c)
1917 #define isLOWER_uvchr(c) _generic_invlist_uvchr(_CC_LOWER, c)
1918 #define isPRINT_uvchr(c) _generic_invlist_uvchr(_CC_PRINT, c)
1920 #define isPUNCT_uvchr(c) _generic_invlist_uvchr(_CC_PUNCT, c)
1921 #define isSPACE_uvchr(c) _generic_uvchr(_CC_SPACE, is_XPERLSPACE_cp_high, c)
1922 #define isPSXSPC_uvchr(c) isSPACE_uvchr(c)
1924 #define isUPPER_uvchr(c) _generic_invlist_uvchr(_CC_UPPER, c)
1925 #define isVERTWS_uvchr(c) _generic_uvchr(_CC_VERTSPACE, is_VERTWS_cp_high, c)
1926 #define isWORDCHAR_uvchr(c) _generic_invlist_uvchr(_CC_WORDCHAR, c)
1927 #define isXDIGIT_uvchr(c) _generic_uvchr(_CC_XDIGIT, is_XDIGIT_cp_high, c)
1929 #define toFOLD_uvchr(c,s,l) to_uni_fold(c,s,l)
1930 #define toLOWER_uvchr(c,s,l) to_uni_lower(c,s,l)
1931 #define toTITLE_uvchr(c,s,l) to_uni_title(c,s,l)
1932 #define toUPPER_uvchr(c,s,l) to_uni_upper(c,s,l)
1934 /* For backwards compatibility, even though '_uni' should mean official Unicode
1935 * code points, in Perl it means native for those below 256 */
1936 #define isALPHA_uni(c) isALPHA_uvchr(c)
1937 #define isALPHANUMERIC_uni(c) isALPHANUMERIC_uvchr(c)
1938 #define isASCII_uni(c) isASCII_uvchr(c)
1939 #define isBLANK_uni(c) isBLANK_uvchr(c)
1940 #define isCNTRL_uni(c) isCNTRL_uvchr(c)
1941 #define isDIGIT_uni(c) isDIGIT_uvchr(c)
1942 #define isGRAPH_uni(c) isGRAPH_uvchr(c)
1943 #define isIDCONT_uni(c) isIDCONT_uvchr(c)
1944 #define isIDFIRST_uni(c) isIDFIRST_uvchr(c)
1945 #define isLOWER_uni(c) isLOWER_uvchr(c)
1946 #define isPRINT_uni(c) isPRINT_uvchr(c)
1947 #define isPUNCT_uni(c) isPUNCT_uvchr(c)
1948 #define isSPACE_uni(c) isSPACE_uvchr(c)
1949 #define isPSXSPC_uni(c) isPSXSPC_uvchr(c)
1950 #define isUPPER_uni(c) isUPPER_uvchr(c)
1951 #define isVERTWS_uni(c) isVERTWS_uvchr(c)
1952 #define isWORDCHAR_uni(c) isWORDCHAR_uvchr(c)
1953 #define isXDIGIT_uni(c) isXDIGIT_uvchr(c)
1954 #define toFOLD_uni(c,s,l) toFOLD_uvchr(c,s,l)
1955 #define toLOWER_uni(c,s,l) toLOWER_uvchr(c,s,l)
1956 #define toTITLE_uni(c,s,l) toTITLE_uvchr(c,s,l)
1957 #define toUPPER_uni(c,s,l) toUPPER_uvchr(c,s,l)
1959 /* For internal core Perl use only: the base macros for defining macros like
1960 * isALPHA_LC_uvchr. These are like isALPHA_LC, but the input can be any code
1961 * point, not just 0-255. Like _generic_uvchr, there are two versions, one for
1962 * simple class definitions; the other for more complex. These are like
1963 * _generic_uvchr, so see it for more info. */
1964 #define _generic_LC_uvchr(latin1, above_latin1, c) \
1965 (c < 256 ? latin1(c) : above_latin1(c))
1966 #define _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(latin1, classnum, c) \
1967 (c < 256 ? latin1(c) : _is_uni_FOO(classnum, c))
1969 #define isALPHA_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(isALPHA_LC, _CC_ALPHA, c)
1970 #define isALPHANUMERIC_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(isALPHANUMERIC_LC, \
1971 _CC_ALPHANUMERIC, c)
1972 #define isASCII_LC_uvchr(c) isASCII_LC(c)
1973 #define isBLANK_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_uvchr(isBLANK_LC, \
1974 is_HORIZWS_cp_high, c)
1975 #define isCNTRL_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isCNTRL_LC(c) : 0)
1976 #define isDIGIT_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(isDIGIT_LC, _CC_DIGIT, c)
1977 #define isGRAPH_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(isGRAPH_LC, _CC_GRAPH, c)
1978 #define isIDCONT_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_uvchr(isIDCONT_LC, \
1979 _is_uni_perl_idcont, c)
1980 #define isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_uvchr(isIDFIRST_LC, \
1981 _is_uni_perl_idstart, c)
1982 #define isLOWER_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(isLOWER_LC, _CC_LOWER, c)
1983 #define isPRINT_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(isPRINT_LC, _CC_PRINT, c)
1984 #define isPSXSPC_LC_uvchr(c) isSPACE_LC_uvchr(c)
1985 #define isPUNCT_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(isPUNCT_LC, _CC_PUNCT, c)
1986 #define isSPACE_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_uvchr(isSPACE_LC, \
1987 is_XPERLSPACE_cp_high, c)
1988 #define isUPPER_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(isUPPER_LC, _CC_UPPER, c)
1989 #define isWORDCHAR_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_invlist_uvchr(isWORDCHAR_LC, \
1991 #define isXDIGIT_LC_uvchr(c) _generic_LC_uvchr(isXDIGIT_LC, \
1992 is_XDIGIT_cp_high, c)
1994 #define isBLANK_LC_uni(c) isBLANK_LC_uvchr(UNI_TO_NATIVE(c))
1996 /* The "_safe" macros make sure that we don't attempt to read beyond 'e', but
1997 * they don't otherwise go out of their way to look for malformed UTF-8. If
1998 * they can return accurate results without knowing if the input is otherwise
1999 * malformed, they do so. For example isASCII is accurate in spite of any
2000 * non-length malformations because it looks only at a single byte. Likewise
2001 * isDIGIT looks just at the first byte for code points 0-255, as all UTF-8
2002 * variant ones return FALSE. But, if the input has to be well-formed in order
2003 * for the results to be accurate, the macros will test and if malformed will
2004 * call a routine to die
2006 * Except for toke.c, the macros do assume that e > p, asserting that on
2007 * DEBUGGING builds. Much code that calls these depends on this being true,
2008 * for other reasons. toke.c is treated specially as using the regular
2009 * assertion breaks it in many ways. All strings that these operate on there
2010 * are supposed to have an extra NUL character at the end, so that *e = \0. A
2011 * bunch of code in toke.c assumes that this is true, so the assertion allows
2013 #ifdef PERL_IN_TOKE_C
2014 # define _utf8_safe_assert(p,e) ((e) > (p) || ((e) == (p) && *(p) == '\0'))
2016 # define _utf8_safe_assert(p,e) ((e) > (p))
2019 #define _generic_utf8_safe(classnum, p, e, above_latin1) \
2020 ((! _utf8_safe_assert(p, e)) \
2021 ? (_force_out_malformed_utf8_message((U8 *) (p), (U8 *) (e), 0, 1), 0)\
2022 : (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*(p))) \
2023 ? _generic_isCC(*(p), classnum) \
2024 : (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*(p)) \
2025 ? ((LIKELY((e) - (p) > 1 && UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*((p)+1)))) \
2026 ? _generic_isCC(EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(*(p), *((p)+1 )), \
2028 : (_force_out_malformed_utf8_message( \
2029 (U8 *) (p), (U8 *) (e), 0, 1), 0)) \
2031 /* Like the above, but calls 'above_latin1(p)' to get the utf8 value.
2032 * 'above_latin1' can be a macro */
2033 #define _generic_func_utf8_safe(classnum, above_latin1, p, e) \
2034 _generic_utf8_safe(classnum, p, e, above_latin1(p, e))
2035 #define _generic_non_invlist_utf8_safe(classnum, above_latin1, p, e) \
2036 _generic_utf8_safe(classnum, p, e, \
2037 (UNLIKELY((e) - (p) < UTF8SKIP(p)) \
2038 ? (_force_out_malformed_utf8_message( \
2039 (U8 *) (p), (U8 *) (e), 0, 1), 0) \
2041 /* Like the above, but passes classnum to _isFOO_utf8(), instead of having an
2042 * 'above_latin1' parameter */
2043 #define _generic_invlist_utf8_safe(classnum, p, e) \
2044 _generic_utf8_safe(classnum, p, e, _is_utf8_FOO(classnum, p, e))
2046 /* Like the above, but should be used only when it is known that there are no
2047 * characters in the upper-Latin1 range (128-255 on ASCII platforms) which the
2048 * class is TRUE for. Hence it can skip the tests for this range.
2049 * 'above_latin1' should include its arguments */
2050 #define _generic_utf8_safe_no_upper_latin1(classnum, p, e, above_latin1) \
2051 (__ASSERT_(_utf8_safe_assert(p, e)) \
2052 (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*(p))) \
2053 ? _generic_isCC(*(p), classnum) \
2054 : (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*(p))) \
2055 ? 0 /* Note that doesn't check validity for latin1 */ \
2059 #define isALPHA_utf8(p, e) isALPHA_utf8_safe(p, e)
2060 #define isALPHANUMERIC_utf8(p, e) isALPHANUMERIC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2061 #define isASCII_utf8(p, e) isASCII_utf8_safe(p, e)
2062 #define isBLANK_utf8(p, e) isBLANK_utf8_safe(p, e)
2063 #define isCNTRL_utf8(p, e) isCNTRL_utf8_safe(p, e)
2064 #define isDIGIT_utf8(p, e) isDIGIT_utf8_safe(p, e)
2065 #define isGRAPH_utf8(p, e) isGRAPH_utf8_safe(p, e)
2066 #define isIDCONT_utf8(p, e) isIDCONT_utf8_safe(p, e)
2067 #define isIDFIRST_utf8(p, e) isIDFIRST_utf8_safe(p, e)
2068 #define isLOWER_utf8(p, e) isLOWER_utf8_safe(p, e)
2069 #define isPRINT_utf8(p, e) isPRINT_utf8_safe(p, e)
2070 #define isPSXSPC_utf8(p, e) isPSXSPC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2071 #define isPUNCT_utf8(p, e) isPUNCT_utf8_safe(p, e)
2072 #define isSPACE_utf8(p, e) isSPACE_utf8_safe(p, e)
2073 #define isUPPER_utf8(p, e) isUPPER_utf8_safe(p, e)
2074 #define isVERTWS_utf8(p, e) isVERTWS_utf8_safe(p, e)
2075 #define isWORDCHAR_utf8(p, e) isWORDCHAR_utf8_safe(p, e)
2076 #define isXDIGIT_utf8(p, e) isXDIGIT_utf8_safe(p, e)
2078 #define isALPHA_utf8_safe(p, e) _generic_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_ALPHA, p, e)
2079 #define isALPHANUMERIC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2080 _generic_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_ALPHANUMERIC, p, e)
2081 #define isASCII_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2082 /* Because ASCII is invariant under utf8, the non-utf8 macro \
2084 (__ASSERT_(_utf8_safe_assert(p, e)) isASCII(*(p)))
2085 #define isBLANK_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2086 _generic_non_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_BLANK, is_HORIZWS_high, p, e)
2089 /* Because all controls are UTF-8 invariants in EBCDIC, we can use this
2090 * more efficient macro instead of the more general one */
2091 # define isCNTRL_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2092 (__ASSERT_(_utf8_safe_assert(p, e)) isCNTRL_L1(*(p)))
2094 # define isCNTRL_utf8_safe(p, e) _generic_utf8_safe(_CC_CNTRL, p, e, 0)
2097 #define isDIGIT_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2098 _generic_utf8_safe_no_upper_latin1(_CC_DIGIT, p, e, \
2099 _is_utf8_FOO(_CC_DIGIT, p, e))
2100 #define isGRAPH_utf8_safe(p, e) _generic_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_GRAPH, p, e)
2101 #define isIDCONT_utf8_safe(p, e) _generic_func_utf8_safe(_CC_WORDCHAR, \
2102 _is_utf8_perl_idcont, p, e)
2104 /* To prevent S_scan_word in toke.c from hanging, we have to make sure that
2105 * IDFIRST is an alnum. See
2106 * https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/10275 for more detail than you
2107 * ever wanted to know about. (In the ASCII range, there isn't a difference.)
2108 * This used to be not the XID version, but we decided to go with the more
2109 * modern Unicode definition */
2110 #define isIDFIRST_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2111 _generic_func_utf8_safe(_CC_IDFIRST, \
2112 _is_utf8_perl_idstart, (U8 *) (p), (U8 *) (e))
2114 #define isLOWER_utf8_safe(p, e) _generic_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_LOWER, p, e)
2115 #define isPRINT_utf8_safe(p, e) _generic_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_PRINT, p, e)
2116 #define isPSXSPC_utf8_safe(p, e) isSPACE_utf8_safe(p, e)
2117 #define isPUNCT_utf8_safe(p, e) _generic_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_PUNCT, p, e)
2118 #define isSPACE_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2119 _generic_non_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_SPACE, is_XPERLSPACE_high, p, e)
2120 #define isUPPER_utf8_safe(p, e) _generic_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_UPPER, p, e)
2121 #define isVERTWS_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2122 _generic_non_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_VERTSPACE, is_VERTWS_high, p, e)
2123 #define isWORDCHAR_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2124 _generic_invlist_utf8_safe(_CC_WORDCHAR, p, e)
2125 #define isXDIGIT_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2126 _generic_utf8_safe_no_upper_latin1(_CC_XDIGIT, p, e, \
2127 (UNLIKELY((e) - (p) < UTF8SKIP(p)) \
2128 ? (_force_out_malformed_utf8_message( \
2129 (U8 *) (p), (U8 *) (e), 0, 1), 0) \
2130 : is_XDIGIT_high(p)))
2132 #define toFOLD_utf8(p,e,s,l) toFOLD_utf8_safe(p,e,s,l)
2133 #define toLOWER_utf8(p,e,s,l) toLOWER_utf8_safe(p,e,s,l)
2134 #define toTITLE_utf8(p,e,s,l) toTITLE_utf8_safe(p,e,s,l)
2135 #define toUPPER_utf8(p,e,s,l) toUPPER_utf8_safe(p,e,s,l)
2137 /* For internal core use only, subject to change */
2138 #define _toFOLD_utf8_flags(p,e,s,l,f) _to_utf8_fold_flags (p,e,s,l,f)
2139 #define _toLOWER_utf8_flags(p,e,s,l,f) _to_utf8_lower_flags(p,e,s,l,f)
2140 #define _toTITLE_utf8_flags(p,e,s,l,f) _to_utf8_title_flags(p,e,s,l,f)
2141 #define _toUPPER_utf8_flags(p,e,s,l,f) _to_utf8_upper_flags(p,e,s,l,f)
2143 #define toFOLD_utf8_safe(p,e,s,l) _toFOLD_utf8_flags(p,e,s,l, FOLD_FLAGS_FULL)
2144 #define toLOWER_utf8_safe(p,e,s,l) _toLOWER_utf8_flags(p,e,s,l, 0)
2145 #define toTITLE_utf8_safe(p,e,s,l) _toTITLE_utf8_flags(p,e,s,l, 0)
2146 #define toUPPER_utf8_safe(p,e,s,l) _toUPPER_utf8_flags(p,e,s,l, 0)
2148 #define isALPHA_LC_utf8(p, e) isALPHA_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2149 #define isALPHANUMERIC_LC_utf8(p, e) isALPHANUMERIC_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2150 #define isASCII_LC_utf8(p, e) isASCII_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2151 #define isBLANK_LC_utf8(p, e) isBLANK_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2152 #define isCNTRL_LC_utf8(p, e) isCNTRL_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2153 #define isDIGIT_LC_utf8(p, e) isDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2154 #define isGRAPH_LC_utf8(p, e) isGRAPH_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2155 #define isIDCONT_LC_utf8(p, e) isIDCONT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2156 #define isIDFIRST_LC_utf8(p, e) isIDFIRST_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2157 #define isLOWER_LC_utf8(p, e) isLOWER_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2158 #define isPRINT_LC_utf8(p, e) isPRINT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2159 #define isPSXSPC_LC_utf8(p, e) isPSXSPC_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2160 #define isPUNCT_LC_utf8(p, e) isPUNCT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2161 #define isSPACE_LC_utf8(p, e) isSPACE_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2162 #define isUPPER_LC_utf8(p, e) isUPPER_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2163 #define isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8(p, e) isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2164 #define isXDIGIT_LC_utf8(p, e) isXDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2166 /* For internal core Perl use only: the base macros for defining macros like
2167 * isALPHA_LC_utf8_safe. These are like _generic_utf8, but if the first code
2168 * point in 'p' is within the 0-255 range, it uses locale rules from the
2169 * passed-in 'macro' parameter */
2170 #define _generic_LC_utf8_safe(macro, p, e, above_latin1) \
2171 (__ASSERT_(_utf8_safe_assert(p, e)) \
2172 (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*(p))) \
2174 : (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*(p)) \
2175 ? ((LIKELY((e) - (p) > 1 && UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*((p)+1)))) \
2176 ? macro(EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(*(p), *((p)+1))) \
2177 : (_force_out_malformed_utf8_message( \
2178 (U8 *) (p), (U8 *) (e), 0, 1), 0)) \
2181 #define _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(macro, classnum, p, e) \
2182 _generic_LC_utf8_safe(macro, p, e, \
2183 _is_utf8_FOO(classnum, p, e))
2185 #define _generic_LC_func_utf8_safe(macro, above_latin1, p, e) \
2186 _generic_LC_utf8_safe(macro, p, e, above_latin1(p, e))
2188 #define _generic_LC_non_invlist_utf8_safe(classnum, above_latin1, p, e) \
2189 _generic_LC_utf8_safe(classnum, p, e, \
2190 (UNLIKELY((e) - (p) < UTF8SKIP(p)) \
2191 ? (_force_out_malformed_utf8_message( \
2192 (U8 *) (p), (U8 *) (e), 0, 1), 0) \
2195 #define isALPHANUMERIC_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2196 _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(isALPHANUMERIC_LC, \
2197 _CC_ALPHANUMERIC, p, e)
2198 #define isALPHA_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2199 _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(isALPHA_LC, _CC_ALPHA, p, e)
2200 #define isASCII_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2201 (__ASSERT_(_utf8_safe_assert(p, e)) isASCII_LC(*(p)))
2202 #define isBLANK_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2203 _generic_LC_non_invlist_utf8_safe(isBLANK_LC, is_HORIZWS_high, p, e)
2204 #define isCNTRL_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2205 _generic_LC_utf8_safe(isCNTRL_LC, p, e, 0)
2206 #define isDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2207 _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(isDIGIT_LC, _CC_DIGIT, p, e)
2208 #define isGRAPH_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2209 _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(isGRAPH_LC, _CC_GRAPH, p, e)
2210 #define isIDCONT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2211 _generic_LC_func_utf8_safe(isIDCONT_LC, \
2212 _is_utf8_perl_idcont, p, e)
2213 #define isIDFIRST_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2214 _generic_LC_func_utf8_safe(isIDFIRST_LC, \
2215 _is_utf8_perl_idstart, p, e)
2216 #define isLOWER_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2217 _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(isLOWER_LC, _CC_LOWER, p, e)
2218 #define isPRINT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2219 _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(isPRINT_LC, _CC_PRINT, p, e)
2220 #define isPSXSPC_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) isSPACE_LC_utf8_safe(p, e)
2221 #define isPUNCT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2222 _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(isPUNCT_LC, _CC_PUNCT, p, e)
2223 #define isSPACE_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2224 _generic_LC_non_invlist_utf8_safe(isSPACE_LC, is_XPERLSPACE_high, p, e)
2225 #define isUPPER_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2226 _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(isUPPER_LC, _CC_UPPER, p, e)
2227 #define isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2228 _generic_LC_invlist_utf8_safe(isWORDCHAR_LC, _CC_WORDCHAR, p, e)
2229 #define isXDIGIT_LC_utf8_safe(p, e) \
2230 _generic_LC_non_invlist_utf8_safe(isXDIGIT_LC, is_XDIGIT_high, p, e)
2232 /* Macros for backwards compatibility and for completeness when the ASCII and
2233 * Latin1 values are identical */
2234 #define isALPHAU(c) isALPHA_L1(c)
2235 #define isDIGIT_L1(c) isDIGIT_A(c)
2236 #define isOCTAL(c) isOCTAL_A(c)
2237 #define isOCTAL_L1(c) isOCTAL_A(c)
2238 #define isXDIGIT_L1(c) isXDIGIT_A(c)
2239 #define isALNUM(c) isWORDCHAR(c)
2240 #define isALNUM_A(c) isALNUM(c)
2241 #define isALNUMU(c) isWORDCHAR_L1(c)
2242 #define isALNUM_LC(c) isWORDCHAR_LC(c)
2243 #define isALNUM_uni(c) isWORDCHAR_uni(c)
2244 #define isALNUM_LC_uvchr(c) isWORDCHAR_LC_uvchr(c)
2245 #define isALNUM_utf8(p,e) isWORDCHAR_utf8(p,e)
2246 #define isALNUM_utf8_safe(p,e) isWORDCHAR_utf8_safe(p,e)
2247 #define isALNUM_LC_utf8(p,e)isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8(p,e)
2248 #define isALNUM_LC_utf8_safe(p,e)isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8_safe(p,e)
2249 #define isALNUMC_A(c) isALPHANUMERIC_A(c) /* Mnemonic: "C's alnum" */
2250 #define isALNUMC_L1(c) isALPHANUMERIC_L1(c)
2251 #define isALNUMC(c) isALPHANUMERIC(c)
2252 #define isALNUMC_LC(c) isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c)
2253 #define isALNUMC_uni(c) isALPHANUMERIC_uni(c)
2254 #define isALNUMC_LC_uvchr(c) isALPHANUMERIC_LC_uvchr(c)
2255 #define isALNUMC_utf8(p,e) isALPHANUMERIC_utf8(p,e)
2256 #define isALNUMC_utf8_safe(p,e) isALPHANUMERIC_utf8_safe(p,e)
2257 #define isALNUMC_LC_utf8_safe(p,e) isALPHANUMERIC_LC_utf8_safe(p,e)
2259 /* On EBCDIC platforms, CTRL-@ is 0, CTRL-A is 1, etc, just like on ASCII,
2260 * except that they don't necessarily mean the same characters, e.g. CTRL-D is
2261 * 4 on both systems, but that is EOT on ASCII; ST on EBCDIC.
2262 * '?' is special-cased on EBCDIC to APC, which is the control there that is
2263 * the outlier from the block that contains the other controls, just like
2264 * toCTRL('?') on ASCII yields DEL, the control that is the outlier from the C0
2265 * block. If it weren't special cased, it would yield a non-control.
2266 * The conversion works both ways, so toCTRL('D') is 4, and toCTRL(4) is D,
2269 # define toCTRL(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) toUPPER(((U8)(c))) ^ 64)
2271 # define toCTRL(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
2273 ? (UNLIKELY((c) == '?') \
2274 ? QUESTION_MARK_CTRL \
2275 : (NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(toUPPER((U8) (c))) ^ 64)) \
2276 : (UNLIKELY((c) == QUESTION_MARK_CTRL) \
2278 : (LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(((U8) (c)) ^ 64)))))
2281 /* Line numbers are unsigned, 32 bits. */
2283 #define NOLINE ((line_t) 4294967295UL) /* = FFFFFFFF */
2285 /* Helpful alias for version prescan */
2286 #define is_LAX_VERSION(a,b) \
2287 (a != Perl_prescan_version(aTHX_ a, FALSE, b, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL))
2289 #define is_STRICT_VERSION(a,b) \
2290 (a != Perl_prescan_version(aTHX_ a, TRUE, b, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL))
2292 #define BADVERSION(a,b,c) \
2298 /* Converts a character KNOWN to represent a hexadecimal digit (0-9, A-F, or
2299 * a-f) to its numeric value without using any branches. The input is
2300 * validated only by an assert() in DEBUGGING builds.
2302 * It works by right shifting and isolating the bit that is 0 for the digits,
2303 * and 1 for at least the alphas A-F, a-f. The bit is shifted to the ones
2304 * position, and then to the eights position. Both are added together to form
2305 * 0 if the input is '0'-'9' and to form 9 if alpha. This is added to the
2306 * final four bits of the input to form the correct value. */
2307 #define XDIGIT_VALUE(c) (__ASSERT_(isXDIGIT(c)) \
2308 ((NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(c) >> 6) & 1) /* 1 if alpha; 0 if not */ \
2309 + ((NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(c) >> 3) & 8) /* 8 if alpha; 0 if not */ \
2310 + ((c) & 0xF)) /* 0-9 if input valid hex digit */
2312 /* The argument is a string pointer, which is advanced. */
2313 #define READ_XDIGIT(s) ((s)++, XDIGIT_VALUE(*((s) - 1)))
2315 /* Converts a character known to represent an octal digit (0-7) to its numeric
2316 * value. The input is validated only by an assert() in DEBUGGING builds. In
2317 * both ASCII and EBCDIC the last 3 bits of the octal digits range from 0-7. */
2318 #define OCTAL_VALUE(c) (__ASSERT_(isOCTAL(c)) (7 & (c)))
2320 /* Efficiently returns a boolean as to if two native characters are equivalent
2321 * case-insenstively. At least one of the characters must be one of [A-Za-z];
2322 * the ALPHA in the name is to remind you of that. This is asserted() in
2323 * DEBUGGING builds. Because [A-Za-z] are invariant under UTF-8, this macro
2324 * works (on valid input) for both non- and UTF-8-encoded bytes.
2326 * When one of the inputs is a compile-time constant and gets folded by the
2327 * compiler, this reduces to an AND and a TEST. On both EBCDIC and ASCII
2328 * machines, 'A' and 'a' differ by a single bit; the same with the upper and
2329 * lower case of all other ASCII-range alphabetics. On ASCII platforms, they
2330 * are 32 apart; on EBCDIC, they are 64. At compile time, this uses an
2331 * exclusive 'or' to find that bit and then inverts it to form a mask, with
2332 * just a single 0, in the bit position where the upper- and lowercase differ.
2334 #define isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(c1, c2) \
2335 (__ASSERT_(isALPHA_A(c1) || isALPHA_A(c2)) \
2336 ((c1) & ~('A' ^ 'a')) == ((c2) & ~('A' ^ 'a')))
2337 #define isALPHA_FOLD_NE(c1, c2) (! isALPHA_FOLD_EQ((c1), (c2)))
2340 =head1 Memory Management
2342 =for apidoc Am|void|Newx|void* ptr|int nitems|type
2343 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
2345 Memory obtained by this should B<ONLY> be freed with L</"Safefree">.
2347 In 5.9.3, Newx() and friends replace the older New() API, and drops
2348 the first parameter, I<x>, a debug aid which allowed callers to identify
2349 themselves. This aid has been superseded by a new build option,
2350 PERL_MEM_LOG (see L<perlhacktips/PERL_MEM_LOG>). The older API is still
2351 there for use in XS modules supporting older perls.
2353 =for apidoc Am|void|Newxc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
2354 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
2355 cast. See also C<L</Newx>>.
2357 Memory obtained by this should B<ONLY> be freed with L</"Safefree">.
2359 =for apidoc Am|void|Newxz|void* ptr|int nitems|type
2360 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
2361 memory is zeroed with C<memzero>. See also C<L</Newx>>.
2363 Memory obtained by this should B<ONLY> be freed with L</"Safefree">.
2365 =for apidoc Am|void|Renew|void* ptr|int nitems|type
2366 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
2368 Memory obtained by this should B<ONLY> be freed with L</"Safefree">.
2370 =for apidoc Am|void|Renewc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
2371 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
2374 Memory obtained by this should B<ONLY> be freed with L</"Safefree">.
2376 =for apidoc Am|void|Safefree|void* ptr
2377 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
2379 This should B<ONLY> be used on memory obtained using L</"Newx"> and friends.
2381 =for apidoc Am|void|Move|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
2382 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
2383 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and
2384 C<type> is the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<L</Copy>>.
2386 =for apidoc Am|void *|MoveD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
2387 Like C<Move> but returns C<dest>. Useful
2388 for encouraging compilers to tail-call
2391 =for apidoc Am|void|Copy|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
2392 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
2393 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and
2394 C<type> is the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<L</Move>>.
2396 =for apidoc Am|void *|CopyD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
2398 Like C<Copy> but returns C<dest>. Useful
2399 for encouraging compilers to tail-call
2402 =for apidoc Am|void|Zero|void* dest|int nitems|type
2404 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
2405 destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
2407 =for apidoc Am|void *|ZeroD|void* dest|int nitems|type
2409 Like C<Zero> but returns dest. Useful
2410 for encouraging compilers to tail-call
2413 =for apidoc Am|void|StructCopy|type *src|type *dest|type
2414 This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
2416 =for apidoc Am|void|PoisonWith|void* dest|int nitems|type|U8 byte
2418 Fill up memory with a byte pattern (a byte repeated over and over
2419 again) that hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
2421 =for apidoc Am|void|PoisonNew|void* dest|int nitems|type
2423 PoisonWith(0xAB) for catching access to allocated but uninitialized memory.
2425 =for apidoc Am|void|PoisonFree|void* dest|int nitems|type
2427 PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
2429 =for apidoc Am|void|Poison|void* dest|int nitems|type
2431 PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
2435 /* Maintained for backwards-compatibility only. Use newSV() instead. */
2437 #define NEWSV(x,len) newSV(len)
2440 #define MEM_SIZE_MAX ((MEM_SIZE)-1)
2442 #define _PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_UNCHECKED(n) (((n) - 1 + PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) & ~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM - 1))
2444 #ifdef PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
2446 /* This expression will be constant-folded at compile time. It checks
2447 * whether or not the type of the count n is so small (e.g. U8 or U16, or
2448 * U32 on 64-bit systems) that there's no way a wrap-around could occur.
2449 * As well as avoiding the need for a run-time check in some cases, it's
2450 * designed to avoid compiler warnings like:
2451 * comparison is always false due to limited range of data type
2452 * It's mathematically equivalent to
2453 * max(n) * sizeof(t) > MEM_SIZE_MAX
2456 # define _MEM_WRAP_NEEDS_RUNTIME_CHECK(n,t) \
2457 ( sizeof(MEM_SIZE) < sizeof(n) \
2458 || sizeof(t) > ((MEM_SIZE)1 << 8*(sizeof(MEM_SIZE) - sizeof(n))))
2460 /* This is written in a slightly odd way to avoid various spurious
2461 * compiler warnings. We *want* to write the expression as
2462 * _MEM_WRAP_NEEDS_RUNTIME_CHECK(n,t) && (n > C)
2463 * (for some compile-time constant C), but even when the LHS
2464 * constant-folds to false at compile-time, g++ insists on emitting
2465 * warnings about the RHS (e.g. "comparison is always false"), so instead
2468 * (cond ? n : X) > C
2470 * where X is a constant with X > C always false. Choosing a value for X
2471 * is tricky. If 0, some compilers will complain about 0 > C always being
2472 * false; if 1, Coverity complains when n happens to be the constant value
2473 * '1', that cond ? 1 : 1 has the same value on both branches; so use C
2474 * for X and hope that nothing else whines.
2477 # define _MEM_WRAP_WILL_WRAP(n,t) \
2478 ((_MEM_WRAP_NEEDS_RUNTIME_CHECK(n,t) ? (MEM_SIZE)(n) : \
2479 MEM_SIZE_MAX/sizeof(t)) > MEM_SIZE_MAX/sizeof(t))
2481 # define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t) \
2482 (void)(UNLIKELY(_MEM_WRAP_WILL_WRAP(n,t)) \
2483 && (croak_memory_wrap(),0))
2485 # define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a) \
2486 (void)(UNLIKELY(_MEM_WRAP_WILL_WRAP(n,t)) \
2487 && (Perl_croak_nocontext("%s",(a)),0))
2489 /* "a" arg must be a string literal */
2490 # define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_s(n,t,a) \
2491 (void)(UNLIKELY(_MEM_WRAP_WILL_WRAP(n,t)) \
2492 && (Perl_croak_nocontext("" a ""),0))
2494 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t),
2496 #define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) ((void)(((n) > MEM_SIZE_MAX - 2 * PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) ? (croak_memory_wrap(),0) : 0), _PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_UNCHECKED(n))
2499 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t)
2500 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a)
2501 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_s(n,t,a)
2502 #define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t)
2504 #define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) _PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_UNCHECKED(n)
2510 * If PERL_MEM_LOG is defined, all Newx()s, Renew()s, and Safefree()s
2511 * go through functions, which are handy for debugging breakpoints, but
2512 * which more importantly get the immediate calling environment (file and
2513 * line number, and C function name if available) passed in. This info can
2514 * then be used for logging the calls, for which one gets a sample
2515 * implementation unless -DPERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL is also defined.
2518 * - not all memory allocs get logged, only those
2519 * that go through Newx() and derivatives (while all
2520 * Safefrees do get logged)
2521 * - __FILE__ and __LINE__ do not work everywhere
2522 * - __func__ or __FUNCTION__ even less so
2523 * - I think more goes on after the perlio frees but
2524 * the thing is that STDERR gets closed (as do all
2525 * the file descriptors)
2526 * - no deeper calling stack than the caller of the Newx()
2527 * or the kind, but do I look like a C reflection/introspection
2529 * - the function prototypes for the logging functions
2530 * probably should maybe be somewhere else than handy.h
2531 * - one could consider inlining (macrofying) the logging
2532 * for speed, but I am too lazy
2533 * - one could imagine recording the allocations in a hash,
2534 * (keyed by the allocation address?), and maintain that
2535 * through reallocs and frees, but how to do that without
2536 * any News() happening...?
2537 * - lots of -Ddefines to get useful/controllable output
2538 * - lots of ENV reads
2542 # ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL
2551 # if defined(PERL_IN_SV_C) /* those are only used in sv.c */
2552 void Perl_mem_log_new_sv(const SV *sv, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
2553 void Perl_mem_log_del_sv(const SV *sv, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
2560 #define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) Perl_mem_log_alloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
2561 #define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) Perl_mem_log_realloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),v,a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
2562 #define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) Perl_mem_log_free(a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
2565 #ifndef MEM_LOG_ALLOC
2566 #define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) (a)
2568 #ifndef MEM_LOG_REALLOC
2569 #define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) (a)
2571 #ifndef MEM_LOG_FREE
2572 #define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) (a)
2575 #define Newx(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
2576 #define Newxc(v,n,t,c) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (c*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
2577 #define Newxz(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safecalloc((n),sizeof(t)))))
2580 /* pre 5.9.x compatibility */
2581 #define New(x,v,n,t) Newx(v,n,t)
2582 #define Newc(x,v,n,t,c) Newxc(v,n,t,c)
2583 #define Newz(x,v,n,t) Newxz(v,n,t)
2586 #define Renew(v,n,t) \
2587 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
2588 #define Renewc(v,n,t,c) \
2589 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (c*)MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
2592 #define Safefree(d) \
2593 ((d) ? (void)(safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d))), Poison(&(d), 1, Malloc_t)) : (void) 0)
2595 #define Safefree(d) safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d)))
2598 /* assert that a valid ptr has been supplied - use this instead of assert(ptr) *
2599 * as it handles cases like constant string arguments without throwing warnings *
2600 * the cast is required, as is the inequality check, to avoid warnings */
2601 #define perl_assert_ptr(p) assert( ((void*)(p)) != 0 )
2604 #define Move(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), (void)memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
2605 #define Copy(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), (void)memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
2606 #define Zero(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), (void)memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
2608 /* Like above, but returns a pointer to 'd' */
2609 #define MoveD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
2610 #define CopyD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
2611 #define ZeroD(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
2613 #define PoisonWith(d,n,t,b) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memset((char*)(d), (U8)(b), (n) * sizeof(t)))
2614 #define PoisonNew(d,n,t) PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xAB)
2615 #define PoisonFree(d,n,t) PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xEF)
2616 #define Poison(d,n,t) PoisonFree(d,n,t)
2619 # define PERL_POISON_EXPR(x) x
2621 # define PERL_POISON_EXPR(x)
2624 #define StructCopy(s,d,t) (*((t*)(d)) = *((t*)(s)))
2629 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|C_ARRAY_LENGTH|void *a
2631 Returns the number of elements in the input C array (so you want your
2632 zero-based indices to be less than but not equal to).
2634 =for apidoc Am|void *|C_ARRAY_END|void *a
2636 Returns a pointer to one element past the final element of the input C array.
2640 C_ARRAY_END is one past the last: half-open/half-closed range, not
2641 last-inclusive range.
2643 #define C_ARRAY_LENGTH(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof((a)[0]))
2644 #define C_ARRAY_END(a) ((a) + C_ARRAY_LENGTH(a))
2648 # define Perl_va_copy(s, d) va_copy(d, s)
2649 # elif defined(__va_copy)
2650 # define Perl_va_copy(s, d) __va_copy(d, s)
2652 # define Perl_va_copy(s, d) Copy(s, d, 1, va_list)
2656 /* convenience debug macros */
2658 #define pTHX_FORMAT "Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
2659 #define pTHX__FORMAT ", Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
2660 #define pTHX_VALUE_ (void *)my_perl,
2661 #define pTHX_VALUE (void *)my_perl
2662 #define pTHX__VALUE_ ,(void *)my_perl,
2663 #define pTHX__VALUE ,(void *)my_perl
2666 #define pTHX__FORMAT
2669 #define pTHX__VALUE_
2671 #endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
2673 /* Perl_deprecate was not part of the public API, and did not have a deprecate()
2674 shortcut macro defined without -DPERL_CORE. Neither codesearch.google.com nor
2675 CPAN::Unpack show any users outside the core. */
2677 # define deprecate(s) Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED), \
2678 "Use of " s " is deprecated")
2679 # define deprecate_disappears_in(when,message) \
2680 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED), \
2681 message ", and will disappear in Perl " when)
2682 # define deprecate_fatal_in(when,message) \
2683 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED), \
2684 message ". Its use will be fatal in Perl " when)
2687 /* Internal macros to deal with gids and uids */
2690 # if Uid_t_size > IVSIZE
2691 # define sv_setuid(sv, uid) sv_setnv((sv), (NV)(uid))
2692 # define SvUID(sv) SvNV(sv)
2693 # elif Uid_t_sign <= 0
2694 # define sv_setuid(sv, uid) sv_setiv((sv), (IV)(uid))
2695 # define SvUID(sv) SvIV(sv)
2697 # define sv_setuid(sv, uid) sv_setuv((sv), (UV)(uid))
2698 # define SvUID(sv) SvUV(sv)
2699 # endif /* Uid_t_size */
2701 # if Gid_t_size > IVSIZE
2702 # define sv_setgid(sv, gid) sv_setnv((sv), (NV)(gid))
2703 # define SvGID(sv) SvNV(sv)
2704 # elif Gid_t_sign <= 0
2705 # define sv_setgid(sv, gid) sv_setiv((sv), (IV)(gid))
2706 # define SvGID(sv) SvIV(sv)
2708 # define sv_setgid(sv, gid) sv_setuv((sv), (UV)(gid))
2709 # define SvGID(sv) SvUV(sv)
2710 # endif /* Gid_t_size */
2714 #endif /* PERL_HANDY_H_ */
2717 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et:
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blob