3 * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
4 * 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * A Elbereth Gilthoniel,
13 * silivren penna míriel
14 * o menel aglar elenath!
15 * Na-chaered palan-díriel
16 * o galadhremmin ennorath,
17 * Fanuilos, le linnathon
18 * nef aear, si nef aearon!
20 * [p.238 of _The Lord of the Rings_, II/i: "Many Meetings"]
23 /* utility functions for handling locale-specific stuff like what
24 * character represents the decimal point.
26 * All C programs have an underlying locale. Perl code generally doesn't pay
27 * any attention to it except within the scope of a 'use locale'. For most
28 * categories, it accomplishes this by just using different operations if it is
29 * in such scope than if not. However, various libc functions called by Perl
30 * are affected by the LC_NUMERIC category, so there are macros in perl.h that
31 * are used to toggle between the current locale and the C locale depending on
32 * the desired behavior of those functions at the moment. And, LC_MESSAGES is
33 * switched to the C locale for outputting the message unless within the scope
36 * This code now has multi-thread-safe locale handling on systems that support
37 * that. This is completely transparent to most XS code. On earlier systems,
38 * it would be possible to emulate thread-safe locales, but this likely would
39 * involve a lot of locale switching, and would require XS code changes.
40 * Macros could be written so that the code wouldn't have to know which type of
41 * system is being used. It's unlikely that we would ever do that, since most
42 * modern systems support thread-safe locales, but there was code written to
43 * this end, and is retained, #ifdef'd out.
47 #define PERL_IN_LOCALE_C
48 #include "perl_langinfo.h"
57 /* If the environment says to, we can output debugging information during
58 * initialization. This is done before option parsing, and before any thread
59 * creation, so can be a file-level static */
60 #if ! defined(DEBUGGING) || defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT)
61 # define debug_initialization 0
62 # define DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(v)
64 static bool debug_initialization = FALSE;
65 # define DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(v) (debug_initialization = v)
69 /* Returns the Unix errno portion; ignoring any others. This is a macro here
70 * instead of putting it into perl.h, because unclear to khw what should be
72 #define GET_ERRNO saved_errno
74 /* strlen() of a literal string constant. We might want this more general,
75 * but using it in just this file for now. A problem with more generality is
76 * the compiler warnings about comparing unlike signs */
77 #define STRLENs(s) (sizeof("" s "") - 1)
79 /* Is the C string input 'name' "C" or "POSIX"? If so, and 'name' is the
80 * return of setlocale(), then this is extremely likely to be the C or POSIX
81 * locale. However, the output of setlocale() is documented to be opaque, but
82 * the odds are extremely small that it would return these two strings for some
83 * other locale. Note that VMS in these two locales includes many non-ASCII
84 * characters as controls and punctuation (below are hex bytes):
86 * punct: A1-A3 A5 A7-AB B0-B3 B5-B7 B9-BD BF-CF D1-DD DF-EF F1-FD
87 * Oddly, none there are listed as alphas, though some represent alphabetics
88 * http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2013/02/msg198753.html */
89 #define isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(name) \
91 && (( *(name) == 'C' && (*(name + 1)) == '\0') \
92 || strEQ((name), "POSIX")))
96 /* This code keeps a LRU cache of the UTF-8ness of the locales it has so-far
97 * looked up. This is in the form of a C string: */
99 #define UTF8NESS_SEP "\v"
100 #define UTF8NESS_PREFIX "\f"
102 /* So, the string looks like:
104 * \vC\a0\vPOSIX\a0\vam_ET\a0\vaf_ZA.utf8\a1\ven_US.UTF-8\a1\0
106 * where the digit 0 after the \a indicates that the locale starting just
107 * after the preceding \v is not UTF-8, and the digit 1 mean it is. */
109 STATIC_ASSERT_DECL(STRLENs(UTF8NESS_SEP) == 1);
110 STATIC_ASSERT_DECL(STRLENs(UTF8NESS_PREFIX) == 1);
112 #define C_and_POSIX_utf8ness UTF8NESS_SEP "C" UTF8NESS_PREFIX "0" \
113 UTF8NESS_SEP "POSIX" UTF8NESS_PREFIX "0"
115 /* The cache is initialized to C_and_POSIX_utf8ness at start up. These are
116 * kept there always. The remining portion of the cache is LRU, with the
117 * oldest looked-up locale at the tail end */
120 S_stdize_locale(pTHX_ char *locs)
122 /* Standardize the locale name from a string returned by 'setlocale',
123 * possibly modifying that string.
125 * The typical return value of setlocale() is either
126 * (1) "xx_YY" if the first argument of setlocale() is not LC_ALL
127 * (2) "xa_YY xb_YY ..." if the first argument of setlocale() is LC_ALL
128 * (the space-separated values represent the various sublocales,
129 * in some unspecified order). This is not handled by this function.
131 * In some platforms it has a form like "LC_SOMETHING=Lang_Country.866\n",
132 * which is harmful for further use of the string in setlocale(). This
133 * function removes the trailing new line and everything up through the '='
136 const char * const s = strchr(locs, '=');
139 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_STDIZE_LOCALE;
142 const char * const t = strchr(s, '.');
145 const char * const u = strchr(t, '\n');
146 if (u && (u[1] == 0)) {
147 const STRLEN len = u - s;
148 Move(s + 1, locs, len, char);
156 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fix broken locale name \"%s\"", locs);
161 /* Two parallel arrays; first the locale categories Perl uses on this system;
162 * the second array is their names. These arrays are in mostly arbitrary
165 const int categories[] = {
167 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
170 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
173 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
176 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
179 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
182 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
185 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
188 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
191 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
194 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
197 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
203 -1 /* Placeholder because C doesn't allow a
204 trailing comma, and it would get complicated
205 with all the #ifdef's */
208 /* The top-most real element is LC_ALL */
210 const char * category_names[] = {
212 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
215 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
218 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
221 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
224 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
227 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
230 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
233 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
236 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
239 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
242 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
248 NULL /* Placeholder */
253 /* On systems with LC_ALL, it is kept in the highest index position. (-2
254 * to account for the final unused placeholder element.) */
255 # define NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX (C_ARRAY_LENGTH(categories) - 2)
259 /* On systems without LC_ALL, we pretend it is there, one beyond the real
260 * top element, hence in the unused placeholder element. */
261 # define NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX (C_ARRAY_LENGTH(categories) - 1)
265 /* Pretending there is an LC_ALL element just above allows us to avoid most
266 * special cases. Most loops through these arrays in the code below are
267 * written like 'for (i = 0; i < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; i++)'. They will work
268 * on either type of system. But the code must be written to not access the
269 * element at 'LC_ALL_INDEX' except on platforms that have it. This can be
270 * checked for at compile time by using the #define LC_ALL_INDEX which is only
271 * defined if we do have LC_ALL. */
274 S_category_name(const int category)
280 if (category == LC_ALL) {
286 for (i = 0; i < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
287 if (category == categories[i]) {
288 return category_names[i];
293 const char suffix[] = " (unknown)";
295 Size_t length = sizeof(suffix) + 1;
304 /* Calculate the number of digits */
310 Newx(unknown, length, char);
311 my_snprintf(unknown, length, "%d%s", category, suffix);
317 /* Now create LC_foo_INDEX #defines for just those categories on this system */
318 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
319 # define LC_NUMERIC_INDEX 0
320 # define _DUMMY_NUMERIC LC_NUMERIC_INDEX
322 # define _DUMMY_NUMERIC -1
324 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
325 # define LC_CTYPE_INDEX _DUMMY_NUMERIC + 1
326 # define _DUMMY_CTYPE LC_CTYPE_INDEX
328 # define _DUMMY_CTYPE _DUMMY_NUMERIC
330 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
331 # define LC_COLLATE_INDEX _DUMMY_CTYPE + 1
332 # define _DUMMY_COLLATE LC_COLLATE_INDEX
334 # define _DUMMY_COLLATE _DUMMY_COLLATE
336 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
337 # define LC_TIME_INDEX _DUMMY_COLLATE + 1
338 # define _DUMMY_TIME LC_TIME_INDEX
340 # define _DUMMY_TIME _DUMMY_COLLATE
342 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
343 # define LC_MESSAGES_INDEX _DUMMY_TIME + 1
344 # define _DUMMY_MESSAGES LC_MESSAGES_INDEX
346 # define _DUMMY_MESSAGES _DUMMY_TIME
348 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
349 # define LC_MONETARY_INDEX _DUMMY_MESSAGES + 1
350 # define _DUMMY_MONETARY LC_MONETARY_INDEX
352 # define _DUMMY_MONETARY _DUMMY_MESSAGES
354 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
355 # define LC_ADDRESS_INDEX _DUMMY_MONETARY + 1
356 # define _DUMMY_ADDRESS LC_ADDRESS_INDEX
358 # define _DUMMY_ADDRESS _DUMMY_MONETARY
360 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
361 # define LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX _DUMMY_ADDRESS + 1
362 # define _DUMMY_IDENTIFICATION LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX
364 # define _DUMMY_IDENTIFICATION _DUMMY_ADDRESS
366 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
367 # define LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX _DUMMY_IDENTIFICATION + 1
368 # define _DUMMY_MEASUREMENT LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX
370 # define _DUMMY_MEASUREMENT _DUMMY_IDENTIFICATION
372 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
373 # define LC_PAPER_INDEX _DUMMY_MEASUREMENT + 1
374 # define _DUMMY_PAPER LC_PAPER_INDEX
376 # define _DUMMY_PAPER _DUMMY_MEASUREMENT
378 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
379 # define LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX _DUMMY_PAPER + 1
380 # define _DUMMY_TELEPHONE LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX
382 # define _DUMMY_TELEPHONE _DUMMY_PAPER
385 # define LC_ALL_INDEX _DUMMY_TELEPHONE + 1
387 #endif /* ifdef USE_LOCALE */
389 /* Windows requres a customized base-level setlocale() */
391 # define my_setlocale(cat, locale) win32_setlocale(cat, locale)
393 # define my_setlocale(cat, locale) setlocale(cat, locale)
396 #ifndef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
398 /* "do_setlocale_c" is intended to be called when the category is a constant
399 * known at compile time; "do_setlocale_r", not known until run time */
400 # define do_setlocale_c(cat, locale) my_setlocale(cat, locale)
401 # define do_setlocale_r(cat, locale) my_setlocale(cat, locale)
403 #else /* Below uses POSIX 2008 */
405 /* We emulate setlocale with our own function. LC_foo is not valid for the
406 * POSIX 2008 functions. Instead LC_foo_MASK is used, which we use an array
407 * lookup to convert to. At compile time we have defined LC_foo_INDEX as the
408 * proper offset into the array 'category_masks[]'. At runtime, we have to
409 * search through the array (as the actual numbers may not be small contiguous
410 * positive integers which would lend themselves to array lookup). */
411 # define do_setlocale_c(cat, locale) \
412 emulate_setlocale(cat, locale, cat ## _INDEX, TRUE)
413 # define do_setlocale_r(cat, locale) emulate_setlocale(cat, locale, 0, FALSE)
415 /* A third array, parallel to the ones above to map from category to its
417 const int category_masks[] = {
418 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
421 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
424 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
427 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
430 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
433 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
436 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
439 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
440 LC_IDENTIFICATION_MASK,
442 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
445 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
448 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
451 /* LC_ALL can't be turned off by a Configure
452 * option, and in Posix 2008, should always be
453 * here, so compile it in unconditionally.
454 * This could catch some glitches at compile
460 S_emulate_setlocale(const int category,
463 const bool is_index_valid
466 /* This function effectively performs a setlocale() on just the current
467 * thread; thus it is thread-safe. It does this by using the POSIX 2008
468 * locale functions to emulate the behavior of setlocale(). Similar to
469 * regular setlocale(), the return from this function points to memory that
470 * can be overwritten by other system calls, so needs to be copied
471 * immediately if you need to retain it. The difference here is that
472 * system calls besides another setlocale() can overwrite it.
474 * By doing this, most locale-sensitive functions become thread-safe. The
475 * exceptions are mostly those that return a pointer to static memory.
477 * This function takes the same parameters, 'category' and 'locale', that
478 * the regular setlocale() function does, but it also takes two additional
479 * ones. This is because the 2008 functions don't use a category; instead
480 * they use a corresponding mask. Because this function operates in both
481 * worlds, it may need one or the other or both. This function can
482 * calculate the mask from the input category, but to avoid this
483 * calculation, if the caller knows at compile time what the mask is, it
484 * can pass it, setting 'is_index_valid' to TRUE; otherwise the mask
485 * parameter is ignored.
487 * POSIX 2008, for some sick reason, chose not to provide a method to find
488 * the category name of a locale. Some vendors have created a
489 * querylocale() function to do just that. This function is a lot simpler
490 * to implement on systems that have this. Otherwise, we have to keep
491 * track of what the locale has been set to, so that we can return its
492 * name to emulate setlocale(). It's also possible for C code in some
493 * library to change the locale without us knowing it, though as of
494 * September 2017, there are no occurrences in CPAN of uselocale(). Some
495 * libraries do use setlocale(), but that changes the global locale, and
496 * threads using per-thread locales will just ignore those changes.
497 * Another problem is that without querylocale(), we have to guess at what
498 * was meant by setting a locale of "". We handle this by not actually
499 * ever setting to "" (unless querylocale exists), but to emulate what we
500 * think should happen for "".
510 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
511 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale input=%d (%s), \"%s\", %d, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, category, category_name(category), locale, index, is_index_valid);
516 /* If the input mask might be incorrect, calculate the correct one */
517 if (! is_index_valid) {
522 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
523 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: finding index of category %d (%s)\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, category, category_name(category));
528 for (i = 0; i <= LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
529 if (category == categories[i]) {
535 /* Here, we don't know about this category, so can't handle it.
536 * Fallback to the early POSIX usages */
537 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE),
538 "Unknown locale category %d; can't set it to %s\n",
546 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
547 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: index is %d for %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, index, category_name(category));
554 mask = category_masks[index];
558 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
559 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: category name is %s; mask is 0x%x\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, category_names[index], mask);
564 /* If just querying what the existing locale is ... */
565 if (locale == NULL) {
566 locale_t cur_obj = uselocale((locale_t) 0);
570 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
571 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale querying %p\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, cur_obj);
576 if (cur_obj == LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE) {
577 return my_setlocale(category, NULL);
580 # ifdef HAS_QUERYLOCALE
582 return (char *) querylocale(mask, cur_obj);
586 /* If this assert fails, adjust the size of curlocales in intrpvar.h */
587 STATIC_ASSERT_STMT(C_ARRAY_LENGTH(PL_curlocales) > LC_ALL_INDEX);
589 # if defined(_NL_LOCALE_NAME) && defined(DEBUGGING)
592 /* Internal glibc for querylocale(), but doesn't handle
593 * empty-string ("") locale properly; who knows what other
594 * glitches. Check it for now, under debug. */
596 char * temp_name = nl_langinfo_l(_NL_LOCALE_NAME(category),
597 uselocale((locale_t) 0));
599 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: temp_name=%s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, temp_name ? temp_name : "NULL");
600 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: index=%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, index);
601 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: PL_curlocales[index]=%s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_curlocales[index]);
603 if (temp_name && PL_curlocales[index] && strNE(temp_name, "")) {
604 if ( strNE(PL_curlocales[index], temp_name)
605 && ! ( isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(temp_name)
606 && isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(PL_curlocales[index]))) {
608 # ifdef USE_C_BACKTRACE
610 dump_c_backtrace(Perl_debug_log, 20, 1);
614 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Mismatch between what Perl thinks %s is"
615 " (%s) and what internal glibc thinks"
616 " (%s)\n", category_names[index],
617 PL_curlocales[index], temp_name);
626 /* Without querylocale(), we have to use our record-keeping we've
629 if (category != LC_ALL) {
633 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
634 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale returning %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_curlocales[index]);
639 return PL_curlocales[index];
641 else { /* For LC_ALL */
643 Size_t names_len = 0;
645 bool are_all_categories_the_same_locale = TRUE;
647 /* If we have a valid LC_ALL value, just return it */
648 if (PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX]) {
652 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
653 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale returning %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX]);
658 return PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX];
661 /* Otherwise, we need to construct a string of name=value pairs.
662 * We use the glibc syntax, like
663 * LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8;...
664 * First calculate the needed size. Along the way, check if all
665 * the locale names are the same */
666 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
670 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
671 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale i=%d, name=%s, locale=%s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, i, category_names[i], PL_curlocales[i]);
676 names_len += strlen(category_names[i])
678 + strlen(PL_curlocales[i])
681 if (i > 0 && strNE(PL_curlocales[i], PL_curlocales[i-1])) {
682 are_all_categories_the_same_locale = FALSE;
686 /* If they are the same, we don't actually have to construct the
687 * string; we just make the entry in LC_ALL_INDEX valid, and be
688 * that single name */
689 if (are_all_categories_the_same_locale) {
690 PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX] = savepv(PL_curlocales[0]);
691 return PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX];
694 names_len++; /* Trailing '\0' */
695 SAVEFREEPV(Newx(all_string, names_len, char));
698 /* Then fill in the string */
699 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
703 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
704 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale i=%d, name=%s, locale=%s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, i, category_names[i], PL_curlocales[i]);
709 my_strlcat(all_string, category_names[i], names_len);
710 my_strlcat(all_string, "=", names_len);
711 my_strlcat(all_string, PL_curlocales[i], names_len);
712 my_strlcat(all_string, ";", names_len);
717 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
718 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale returning %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, all_string);
728 SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB_INVARG);
738 assert(PL_C_locale_obj);
740 /* Otherwise, we are switching locales. This will generally entail freeing
741 * the current one's space (at the C library's discretion). We need to
742 * stop using that locale before the switch. So switch to a known locale
743 * object that we don't otherwise mess with. This returns the locale
744 * object in effect at the time of the switch. */
745 old_obj = uselocale(PL_C_locale_obj);
749 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
750 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale was using %p\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, old_obj);
759 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
761 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale switching to C failed: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, GET_ERRNO);
772 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
773 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale now using %p\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_C_locale_obj);
778 /* If we weren't in a thread safe locale, set so that newlocale() below
779 which uses 'old_obj', uses an empty one. Same for our reserved C object.
780 The latter is defensive coding, so that, even if there is some bug, we
781 will never end up trying to modify either of these, as if passed to
782 newlocale(), they can be. */
783 if (old_obj == LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE || old_obj == PL_C_locale_obj) {
784 old_obj = (locale_t) 0;
787 /* Create the new locale (it may actually modify the current one). */
789 # ifndef HAS_QUERYLOCALE
791 if (strEQ(locale, "")) {
793 /* For non-querylocale() systems, we do the setting of "" ourselves to
794 * be sure that we really know what's going on. We follow the Linux
795 * documented behavior (but if that differs from the actual behavior,
796 * this won't work exactly as the OS implements). We go out and
797 * examine the environment based on our understanding of how the system
798 * works, and use that to figure things out */
800 const char * const lc_all = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL");
802 /* Use any "LC_ALL" environment variable, as it overrides everything
804 if (lc_all && strNE(lc_all, "")) {
809 /* Otherwise, we need to dig deeper. Unless overridden, the
810 * default is the LANG environment variable; if it doesn't exist,
813 const char * default_name;
815 /* To minimize other threads messing with the environment, we copy
816 * the variable, making it a temporary. But this doesn't work upon
817 * program initialization before any scopes are created, and at
818 * this time, there's nothing else going on that would interfere.
819 * So skip the copy in that case */
820 if (PL_scopestack_ix == 0) {
821 default_name = PerlEnv_getenv("LANG");
824 default_name = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LANG"));
827 if (! default_name || strEQ(default_name, "")) {
830 else if (PL_scopestack_ix != 0) {
831 SAVEFREEPV(default_name);
834 if (category != LC_ALL) {
835 const char * const name = PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[index]);
837 /* Here we are setting a single category. Assume will have the
839 locale = default_name;
841 /* But then look for an overriding environment variable */
842 if (name && strNE(name, "")) {
847 bool did_override = FALSE;
850 /* Here, we are getting LC_ALL. Any categories that don't have
851 * a corresponding environment variable set should be set to
852 * LANG, or to "C" if there is no LANG. If no individual
853 * categories differ from this, we can just set LC_ALL. This
854 * is buggy on systems that have extra categories that we don't
855 * know about. If there is an environment variable that sets
856 * that category, we won't know to look for it, and so our use
857 * of LANG or "C" improperly overrides it. On the other hand,
858 * if we don't do what is done here, and there is no
859 * environment variable, the category's locale should be set to
860 * LANG or "C". So there is no good solution. khw thinks the
861 * best is to look at systems to see what categories they have,
862 * and include them, and then to assume that we know the
865 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
866 const char * const env_override
867 = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[i]));
868 const char * this_locale = ( env_override
869 && strNE(env_override, ""))
872 emulate_setlocale(categories[i], this_locale, i, TRUE);
874 if (strNE(this_locale, default_name)) {
878 Safefree(env_override);
881 /* If all the categories are the same, we can set LC_ALL to
883 if (! did_override) {
884 locale = default_name;
888 /* Here, LC_ALL is no longer valid, as some individual
889 * categories don't match it. We call ourselves
890 * recursively, as that will execute the code that
891 * generates the proper locale string for this situation.
892 * We don't do the remainder of this function, as that is
893 * to update our records, and we've just done that for the
894 * individual categories in the loop above, and doing so
895 * would cause LC_ALL to be done as well */
896 return emulate_setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL, LC_ALL_INDEX, TRUE);
901 else if (strchr(locale, ';')) {
903 /* LC_ALL may actually incude a conglomeration of various categories.
904 * Without querylocale, this code uses the glibc (as of this writing)
905 * syntax for representing that, but that is not a stable API, and
906 * other platforms do it differently, so we have to handle all cases
909 const char * s = locale;
910 const char * e = locale + strlen(locale);
912 const char * category_end;
913 const char * name_start;
914 const char * name_end;
919 /* Parse through the category */
920 while (isWORDCHAR(*p)) {
927 "panic: %s: %d: Unexpected character in locale name '%02X",
928 __FILE__, __LINE__, *(p-1));
931 /* Parse through the locale name */
933 while (isGRAPH(*p) && *p != ';') {
940 "panic: %s: %d: Unexpected character in locale name '%02X",
941 __FILE__, __LINE__, *(p-1));
944 /* Find the index of the category name in our lists */
945 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
946 char * individ_locale;
948 /* Keep going if this isn't the index. The strnNE() avoids a
949 * Perl_form(), but would fail if ever a category name could be
950 * a substring of another one, like if there were a
952 if strnNE(s, category_names[i], category_end - s) {
956 /* If this index is for the single category we're changing, we
957 * have found the locale to set it to. */
958 if (category == categories[i]) {
959 locale = Perl_form(aTHX_ "%.*s",
960 (int) (name_end - name_start),
965 assert(category == LC_ALL);
966 individ_locale = Perl_form(aTHX_ "%.*s", (int) (p - s), s);
967 emulate_setlocale(categories[i], individ_locale, i, TRUE);
973 /* Here we have set all the individual categories by recursive calls.
974 * These collectively should have fixed up LC_ALL, so can just query
975 * what that now is */
976 assert(category == LC_ALL);
978 return do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, NULL);
983 # endif /* end of ! querylocale */
985 /* Ready to create a new locale by modification of the exising one */
986 new_obj = newlocale(mask, locale, old_obj);
993 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
994 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale creating new object failed: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, GET_ERRNO);
999 if (! uselocale(old_obj)) {
1003 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1004 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: switching back failed: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, GET_ERRNO);
1016 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1017 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale created %p\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, new_obj);
1022 /* And switch into it */
1023 if (! uselocale(new_obj)) {
1028 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1029 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale switching to new object failed\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
1034 if (! uselocale(old_obj)) {
1038 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1039 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: switching back failed: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, GET_ERRNO);
1045 freelocale(new_obj);
1052 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1053 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale now using %p\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, new_obj);
1058 /* We are done, except for updating our records (if the system doesn't keep
1059 * them) and in the case of locale "", we don't actually know what the
1060 * locale that got switched to is, as it came from the environment. So
1061 * have to find it */
1063 # ifdef HAS_QUERYLOCALE
1065 if (strEQ(locale, "")) {
1066 locale = querylocale(mask, new_obj);
1071 /* Here, 'locale' is the return value */
1073 /* Without querylocale(), we have to update our records */
1075 if (category == LC_ALL) {
1078 /* For LC_ALL, we change all individual categories to correspond */
1079 /* PL_curlocales is a parallel array, so has same
1080 * length as 'categories' */
1081 for (i = 0; i <= LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
1082 Safefree(PL_curlocales[i]);
1083 PL_curlocales[i] = savepv(locale);
1088 /* For a single category, if it's not the same as the one in LC_ALL, we
1091 if (PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX] && strNE(PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX], locale)) {
1092 Safefree(PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX]);
1093 PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX] = NULL;
1096 /* Then update the category's record */
1097 Safefree(PL_curlocales[index]);
1098 PL_curlocales[index] = savepv(locale);
1106 #endif /* USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE */
1108 #if 0 /* Code that was to emulate thread-safe locales on platforms that
1109 didn't natively support them */
1111 /* The way this would work is that we would keep a per-thread list of the
1112 * correct locale for that thread. Any operation that was locale-sensitive
1113 * would have to be changed so that it would look like this:
1116 * setlocale to the correct locale for this operation
1120 * This leaves the global locale in the most recently used operation's, but it
1121 * was locked long enough to get the result. If that result is static, it
1122 * needs to be copied before the unlock.
1124 * Macros could be written like SETUP_LOCALE_DEPENDENT_OP(category) that did
1125 * the setup, but are no-ops when not needed, and similarly,
1126 * END_LOCALE_DEPENDENT_OP for the tear-down
1128 * But every call to a locale-sensitive function would have to be changed, and
1129 * if a module didn't cooperate by using the mutex, things would break.
1131 * This code was abandoned before being completed or tested, and is left as-is
1134 # define do_setlocale_c(cat, locale) locking_setlocale(cat, locale, cat ## _INDEX, TRUE)
1135 # define do_setlocale_r(cat, locale) locking_setlocale(cat, locale, 0, FALSE)
1138 S_locking_setlocale(pTHX_
1140 const char * locale,
1142 const bool is_index_valid
1145 /* This function kind of performs a setlocale() on just the current thread;
1146 * thus it is kind of thread-safe. It does this by keeping a thread-level
1147 * array of the current locales for each category. Every time a locale is
1148 * switched to, it does the switch globally, but updates the thread's
1149 * array. A query as to what the current locale is just returns the
1150 * appropriate element from the array, and doesn't actually call the system
1151 * setlocale(). The saving into the array is done in an uninterruptible
1152 * section of code, so is unaffected by whatever any other threads might be
1155 * All locale-sensitive operations must work by first starting a critical
1156 * section, then switching to the thread's locale as kept by this function,
1157 * and then doing the operation, then ending the critical section. Thus,
1158 * each gets done in the appropriate locale. simulating thread-safety.
1160 * This function takes the same parameters, 'category' and 'locale', that
1161 * the regular setlocale() function does, but it also takes two additional
1162 * ones. This is because as described earlier. If we know on input the
1163 * index corresponding to the category into the array where we store the
1164 * current locales, we don't have to calculate it. If the caller knows at
1165 * compile time what the index is, it it can pass it, setting
1166 * 'is_index_valid' to TRUE; otherwise the index parameter is ignored.
1170 /* If the input index might be incorrect, calculate the correct one */
1171 if (! is_index_valid) {
1174 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1175 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: converting category %d to index\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, category);
1178 for (i = 0; i <= LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
1179 if (category == categories[i]) {
1185 /* Here, we don't know about this category, so can't handle it.
1186 * XXX best we can do is to unsafely set this
1189 return my_setlocale(category, locale);
1193 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1194 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: index is 0x%x\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, index);
1198 /* For a query, just return what's in our records */
1199 if (new_locale == NULL) {
1200 return curlocales[index];
1204 /* Otherwise, we need to do the switch, and save the result, all in a
1205 * critical section */
1207 Safefree(curlocales[[index]]);
1209 /* It might be that this is called from an already-locked section of code.
1210 * We would have to detect and skip the LOCK/UNLOCK if so */
1213 curlocales[index] = savepv(my_setlocale(category, new_locale));
1215 if (strEQ(new_locale, "")) {
1219 /* The locale values come from the environment, and may not all be the
1220 * same, so for LC_ALL, we have to update all the others, while the
1221 * mutex is still locked */
1223 if (category == LC_ALL) {
1225 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX) {
1226 curlocales[i] = my_setlocale(categories[i], NULL);
1235 return curlocales[index];
1241 S_set_numeric_radix(pTHX_ const bool use_locale)
1243 /* If 'use_locale' is FALSE, set to use a dot for the radix character. If
1244 * TRUE, use the radix character derived from the current locale */
1246 #if defined(USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC) && ( defined(HAS_LOCALECONV) \
1247 || defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO))
1249 const char * radix = (use_locale)
1250 ? my_nl_langinfo(PERL_RADIXCHAR, FALSE)
1251 /* FALSE => already in dest locale */
1254 sv_setpv(PL_numeric_radix_sv, radix);
1256 /* If this is valid UTF-8 that isn't totally ASCII, and we are in
1257 * a UTF-8 locale, then mark the radix as being in UTF-8 */
1258 if (is_utf8_non_invariant_string((U8 *) SvPVX(PL_numeric_radix_sv),
1259 SvCUR(PL_numeric_radix_sv))
1260 && _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_NUMERIC))
1262 SvUTF8_on(PL_numeric_radix_sv);
1267 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1268 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Locale radix is '%s', ?UTF-8=%d\n",
1269 SvPVX(PL_numeric_radix_sv),
1270 cBOOL(SvUTF8(PL_numeric_radix_sv)));
1274 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC and can find the radix char */
1279 S_new_numeric(pTHX_ const char *newnum)
1282 #ifndef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1284 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newnum);
1288 /* Called after each libc setlocale() call affecting LC_NUMERIC, to tell
1289 * core Perl this and that 'newnum' is the name of the new locale.
1290 * It installs this locale as the current underlying default.
1292 * The default locale and the C locale can be toggled between by use of the
1293 * set_numeric_underlying() and set_numeric_standard() functions, which
1294 * should probably not be called directly, but only via macros like
1295 * SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD() in perl.h.
1297 * The toggling is necessary mainly so that a non-dot radix decimal point
1298 * character can be output, while allowing internal calculations to use a
1301 * This sets several interpreter-level variables:
1302 * PL_numeric_name The underlying locale's name: a copy of 'newnum'
1303 * PL_numeric_underlying A boolean indicating if the toggled state is such
1304 * that the current locale is the program's underlying
1306 * PL_numeric_standard An int indicating if the toggled state is such
1307 * that the current locale is the C locale or
1308 * indistinguishable from the C locale. If non-zero, it
1309 * is in C; if > 1, it means it may not be toggled away
1311 * PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard A bool kept by this function
1312 * indicating that the underlying locale and the standard
1313 * C locale are indistinguishable for the purposes of
1314 * LC_NUMERIC. This happens when both of the above two
1315 * variables are true at the same time. (Toggling is a
1316 * no-op under these circumstances.) This variable is
1317 * used to avoid having to recalculate.
1323 Safefree(PL_numeric_name);
1324 PL_numeric_name = NULL;
1325 PL_numeric_standard = TRUE;
1326 PL_numeric_underlying = TRUE;
1327 PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard = TRUE;
1331 save_newnum = stdize_locale(savepv(newnum));
1332 PL_numeric_underlying = TRUE;
1333 PL_numeric_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(save_newnum);
1335 /* If its name isn't C nor POSIX, it could still be indistinguishable from
1337 if (! PL_numeric_standard) {
1338 PL_numeric_standard = cBOOL(strEQ(".", my_nl_langinfo(PERL_RADIXCHAR,
1339 FALSE /* Don't toggle locale */ ))
1340 && strEQ("", my_nl_langinfo(PERL_THOUSEP,
1344 /* Save the new name if it isn't the same as the previous one, if any */
1345 if (! PL_numeric_name || strNE(PL_numeric_name, save_newnum)) {
1346 Safefree(PL_numeric_name);
1347 PL_numeric_name = save_newnum;
1350 Safefree(save_newnum);
1353 PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard = PL_numeric_standard;
1355 # ifdef HAS_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
1357 PL_underlying_numeric_obj = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK,
1359 PL_underlying_numeric_obj);
1363 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1364 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Called new_numeric with %s, PL_numeric_name=%s\n", newnum, PL_numeric_name);
1367 /* Keep LC_NUMERIC in the C locale. This is for XS modules, so they don't
1368 * have to worry about the radix being a non-dot. (Core operations that
1369 * need the underlying locale change to it temporarily). */
1370 if (PL_numeric_standard) {
1371 set_numeric_radix(0);
1374 set_numeric_standard();
1377 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1382 Perl_set_numeric_standard(pTHX)
1385 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1387 /* Toggle the LC_NUMERIC locale to C. Most code should use the macros like
1388 * SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD() in perl.h instead of calling this directly. The
1389 * macro avoids calling this routine if toggling isn't necessary according
1390 * to our records (which could be wrong if some XS code has changed the
1391 * locale behind our back) */
1393 do_setlocale_c(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
1394 PL_numeric_standard = TRUE;
1395 PL_numeric_underlying = PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard;
1396 set_numeric_radix(0);
1400 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1401 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1402 "LC_NUMERIC locale now is standard C\n");
1406 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1411 Perl_set_numeric_underlying(pTHX)
1414 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1416 /* Toggle the LC_NUMERIC locale to the current underlying default. Most
1417 * code should use the macros like SET_NUMERIC_UNDERLYING() in perl.h
1418 * instead of calling this directly. The macro avoids calling this routine
1419 * if toggling isn't necessary according to our records (which could be
1420 * wrong if some XS code has changed the locale behind our back) */
1422 do_setlocale_c(LC_NUMERIC, PL_numeric_name);
1423 PL_numeric_standard = PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard;
1424 PL_numeric_underlying = TRUE;
1425 set_numeric_radix(! PL_numeric_standard);
1429 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1430 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1431 "LC_NUMERIC locale now is %s\n",
1436 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1441 * Set up for a new ctype locale.
1444 S_new_ctype(pTHX_ const char *newctype)
1447 #ifndef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
1449 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_CTYPE;
1450 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newctype);
1451 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1455 /* Called after each libc setlocale() call affecting LC_CTYPE, to tell
1456 * core Perl this and that 'newctype' is the name of the new locale.
1458 * This function sets up the folding arrays for all 256 bytes, assuming
1459 * that tofold() is tolc() since fold case is not a concept in POSIX,
1461 * Any code changing the locale (outside this file) should use
1462 * Perl_setlocale or POSIX::setlocale, which call this function. Therefore
1463 * this function should be called directly only from this file and from
1464 * POSIX::setlocale() */
1469 /* Don't check for problems if we are suppressing the warnings */
1470 bool check_for_problems = ckWARN_d(WARN_LOCALE) || UNLIKELY(DEBUG_L_TEST);
1472 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_CTYPE;
1474 /* We will replace any bad locale warning with 1) nothing if the new one is
1475 * ok; or 2) a new warning for the bad new locale */
1476 if (PL_warn_locale) {
1477 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale);
1478 PL_warn_locale = NULL;
1481 PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_CTYPE);
1483 /* A UTF-8 locale gets standard rules. But note that code still has to
1484 * handle this specially because of the three problematic code points */
1485 if (PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) {
1486 Copy(PL_fold_latin1, PL_fold_locale, 256, U8);
1489 /* We don't populate the other lists if a UTF-8 locale, but do check that
1490 * everything works as expected, unless checking turned off */
1491 if (check_for_problems || ! PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) {
1492 /* Assume enough space for every character being bad. 4 spaces each
1493 * for the 94 printable characters that are output like "'x' "; and 5
1494 * spaces each for "'\\' ", "'\t' ", and "'\n' "; plus a terminating
1496 char bad_chars_list[ (94 * 4) + (3 * 5) + 1 ] = { '\0' };
1497 bool multi_byte_locale = FALSE; /* Assume is a single-byte locale
1499 unsigned int bad_count = 0; /* Count of bad characters */
1501 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
1502 if (! PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) {
1504 PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) tolower(i);
1505 else if (islower(i))
1506 PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) toupper(i);
1508 PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) i;
1511 /* If checking for locale problems, see if the native ASCII-range
1512 * printables plus \n and \t are in their expected categories in
1513 * the new locale. If not, this could mean big trouble, upending
1514 * Perl's and most programs' assumptions, like having a
1515 * metacharacter with special meaning become a \w. Fortunately,
1516 * it's very rare to find locales that aren't supersets of ASCII
1517 * nowadays. It isn't a problem for most controls to be changed
1518 * into something else; we check only \n and \t, though perhaps \r
1519 * could be an issue as well. */
1520 if ( check_for_problems
1521 && (isGRAPH_A(i) || isBLANK_A(i) || i == '\n'))
1523 bool is_bad = FALSE;
1524 char name[3] = { '\0' };
1526 /* Convert the name into a string */
1531 else if (i == '\n') {
1532 my_strlcpy(name, "\n", sizeof(name));
1535 my_strlcpy(name, "\t", sizeof(name));
1538 /* Check each possibe class */
1539 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isalnum(i)) != cBOOL(isALPHANUMERIC_A(i)))) {
1541 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1542 "isalnum('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1543 name, cBOOL(isalnum(i))));
1545 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isalpha(i)) != cBOOL(isALPHA_A(i)))) {
1547 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1548 "isalpha('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1549 name, cBOOL(isalpha(i))));
1551 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isdigit(i)) != cBOOL(isDIGIT_A(i)))) {
1553 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1554 "isdigit('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1555 name, cBOOL(isdigit(i))));
1557 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isgraph(i)) != cBOOL(isGRAPH_A(i)))) {
1559 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1560 "isgraph('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1561 name, cBOOL(isgraph(i))));
1563 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(islower(i)) != cBOOL(isLOWER_A(i)))) {
1565 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1566 "islower('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1567 name, cBOOL(islower(i))));
1569 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isprint(i)) != cBOOL(isPRINT_A(i)))) {
1571 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1572 "isprint('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1573 name, cBOOL(isprint(i))));
1575 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(ispunct(i)) != cBOOL(isPUNCT_A(i)))) {
1577 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1578 "ispunct('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1579 name, cBOOL(ispunct(i))));
1581 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isspace(i)) != cBOOL(isSPACE_A(i)))) {
1583 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1584 "isspace('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1585 name, cBOOL(isspace(i))));
1587 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isupper(i)) != cBOOL(isUPPER_A(i)))) {
1589 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1590 "isupper('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1591 name, cBOOL(isupper(i))));
1593 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isxdigit(i))!= cBOOL(isXDIGIT_A(i)))) {
1595 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1596 "isxdigit('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1597 name, cBOOL(isxdigit(i))));
1599 if (UNLIKELY(tolower(i) != (int) toLOWER_A(i))) {
1601 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1602 "tolower('%s')=0x%x instead of the expected 0x%x\n",
1603 name, tolower(i), (int) toLOWER_A(i)));
1605 if (UNLIKELY(toupper(i) != (int) toUPPER_A(i))) {
1607 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1608 "toupper('%s')=0x%x instead of the expected 0x%x\n",
1609 name, toupper(i), (int) toUPPER_A(i)));
1611 if (UNLIKELY((i == '\n' && ! isCNTRL_LC(i)))) {
1613 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1614 "'\\n' (=%02X) is not a control\n", (int) i));
1617 /* Add to the list; Separate multiple entries with a blank */
1620 my_strlcat(bad_chars_list, " ", sizeof(bad_chars_list));
1622 my_strlcat(bad_chars_list, name, sizeof(bad_chars_list));
1630 /* We only handle single-byte locales (outside of UTF-8 ones; so if
1631 * this locale requires more than one byte, there are going to be
1633 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1634 "%s:%d: check_for_problems=%d, MB_CUR_MAX=%d\n",
1635 __FILE__, __LINE__, check_for_problems, (int) MB_CUR_MAX));
1637 if ( check_for_problems && MB_CUR_MAX > 1
1638 && ! PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale
1640 /* Some platforms return MB_CUR_MAX > 1 for even the "C"
1641 * locale. Just assume that the implementation for them (plus
1642 * for POSIX) is correct and the > 1 value is spurious. (Since
1643 * these are specially handled to never be considered UTF-8
1644 * locales, as long as this is the only problem, everything
1645 * should work fine */
1646 && strNE(newctype, "C") && strNE(newctype, "POSIX"))
1648 multi_byte_locale = TRUE;
1653 if (UNLIKELY(bad_count) || UNLIKELY(multi_byte_locale)) {
1654 if (UNLIKELY(bad_count) && PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) {
1655 PL_warn_locale = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1656 "Locale '%s' contains (at least) the following characters"
1657 " which have\nunexpected meanings: %s\nThe Perl program"
1658 " will use the expected meanings",
1659 newctype, bad_chars_list);
1662 PL_warn_locale = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1663 "Locale '%s' may not work well.%s%s%s\n",
1666 ? " Some characters in it are not recognized by"
1670 ? "\nThe following characters (and maybe others)"
1671 " may not have the same meaning as the Perl"
1672 " program expects:\n"
1680 # ifdef HAS_NL_LANGINFO
1682 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ PL_warn_locale, "; codeset=%s",
1683 /* parameter FALSE is a don't care here */
1684 my_nl_langinfo(PERL_CODESET, FALSE));
1688 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ PL_warn_locale, "\n");
1690 /* If we are actually in the scope of the locale or are debugging,
1691 * output the message now. If not in that scope, we save the
1692 * message to be output at the first operation using this locale,
1693 * if that actually happens. Most programs don't use locales, so
1694 * they are immune to bad ones. */
1695 if (IN_LC(LC_CTYPE) || UNLIKELY(DEBUG_L_TEST)) {
1697 /* The '0' below suppresses a bogus gcc compiler warning */
1698 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE), SvPVX(PL_warn_locale), 0);
1700 if (IN_LC(LC_CTYPE)) {
1701 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale);
1702 PL_warn_locale = NULL;
1708 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
1713 Perl__warn_problematic_locale()
1716 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
1720 /* Internal-to-core function that outputs the message in PL_warn_locale,
1721 * and then NULLS it. Should be called only through the macro
1722 * _CHECK_AND_WARN_PROBLEMATIC_LOCALE */
1724 if (PL_warn_locale) {
1725 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE),
1726 SvPVX(PL_warn_locale),
1727 0 /* dummy to avoid compiler warning */ );
1728 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale);
1729 PL_warn_locale = NULL;
1737 S_new_collate(pTHX_ const char *newcoll)
1740 #ifndef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
1742 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newcoll);
1743 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1747 /* Called after each libc setlocale() call affecting LC_COLLATE, to tell
1748 * core Perl this and that 'newcoll' is the name of the new locale.
1750 * The design of locale collation is that every locale change is given an
1751 * index 'PL_collation_ix'. The first time a string particpates in an
1752 * operation that requires collation while locale collation is active, it
1753 * is given PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic (via sv_collxfrm_flags()). That
1754 * magic includes the collation index, and the transformation of the string
1755 * by strxfrm(), q.v. That transformation is used when doing comparisons,
1756 * instead of the string itself. If a string changes, the magic is
1757 * cleared. The next time the locale changes, the index is incremented,
1758 * and so we know during a comparison that the transformation is not
1759 * necessarily still valid, and so is recomputed. Note that if the locale
1760 * changes enough times, the index could wrap (a U32), and it is possible
1761 * that a transformation would improperly be considered valid, leading to
1762 * an unlikely bug */
1765 if (PL_collation_name) {
1767 Safefree(PL_collation_name);
1768 PL_collation_name = NULL;
1770 PL_collation_standard = TRUE;
1771 is_standard_collation:
1772 PL_collxfrm_base = 0;
1773 PL_collxfrm_mult = 2;
1774 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale = FALSE;
1775 PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = '\0';
1776 PL_strxfrm_max_cp = 0;
1780 /* If this is not the same locale as currently, set the new one up */
1781 if (! PL_collation_name || strNE(PL_collation_name, newcoll)) {
1783 Safefree(PL_collation_name);
1784 PL_collation_name = stdize_locale(savepv(newcoll));
1785 PL_collation_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(newcoll);
1786 if (PL_collation_standard) {
1787 goto is_standard_collation;
1790 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_COLLATE);
1791 PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = '\0';
1792 PL_strxfrm_max_cp = 0;
1794 /* A locale collation definition includes primary, secondary, tertiary,
1795 * etc. weights for each character. To sort, the primary weights are
1796 * used, and only if they compare equal, then the secondary weights are
1797 * used, and only if they compare equal, then the tertiary, etc.
1799 * strxfrm() works by taking the input string, say ABC, and creating an
1800 * output transformed string consisting of first the primary weights,
1801 * A¹B¹C¹ followed by the secondary ones, A²B²C²; and then the
1802 * tertiary, etc, yielding A¹B¹C¹ A²B²C² A³B³C³ .... Some characters
1803 * may not have weights at every level. In our example, let's say B
1804 * doesn't have a tertiary weight, and A doesn't have a secondary
1805 * weight. The constructed string is then going to be
1806 * A¹B¹C¹ B²C² A³C³ ....
1807 * This has the desired effect that strcmp() will look at the secondary
1808 * or tertiary weights only if the strings compare equal at all higher
1809 * priority weights. The spaces shown here, like in
1811 * are not just for readability. In the general case, these must
1812 * actually be bytes, which we will call here 'separator weights'; and
1813 * they must be smaller than any other weight value, but since these
1814 * are C strings, only the terminating one can be a NUL (some
1815 * implementations may include a non-NUL separator weight just before
1816 * the NUL). Implementations tend to reserve 01 for the separator
1817 * weights. They are needed so that a shorter string's secondary
1818 * weights won't be misconstrued as primary weights of a longer string,
1819 * etc. By making them smaller than any other weight, the shorter
1820 * string will sort first. (Actually, if all secondary weights are
1821 * smaller than all primary ones, there is no need for a separator
1822 * weight between those two levels, etc.)
1824 * The length of the transformed string is roughly a linear function of
1825 * the input string. It's not exactly linear because some characters
1826 * don't have weights at all levels. When we call strxfrm() we have to
1827 * allocate some memory to hold the transformed string. The
1828 * calculations below try to find coefficients 'm' and 'b' for this
1829 * locale so that m*x + b equals how much space we need, given the size
1830 * of the input string in 'x'. If we calculate too small, we increase
1831 * the size as needed, and call strxfrm() again, but it is better to
1832 * get it right the first time to avoid wasted expensive string
1833 * transformations. */
1836 /* We use the string below to find how long the tranformation of it
1837 * is. Almost all locales are supersets of ASCII, or at least the
1838 * ASCII letters. We use all of them, half upper half lower,
1839 * because if we used fewer, we might hit just the ones that are
1840 * outliers in a particular locale. Most of the strings being
1841 * collated will contain a preponderance of letters, and even if
1842 * they are above-ASCII, they are likely to have the same number of
1843 * weight levels as the ASCII ones. It turns out that digits tend
1844 * to have fewer levels, and some punctuation has more, but those
1845 * are relatively sparse in text, and khw believes this gives a
1846 * reasonable result, but it could be changed if experience so
1848 const char longer[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyz";
1849 char * x_longer; /* Transformed 'longer' */
1850 Size_t x_len_longer; /* Length of 'x_longer' */
1852 char * x_shorter; /* We also transform a substring of 'longer' */
1853 Size_t x_len_shorter;
1855 /* _mem_collxfrm() is used get the transformation (though here we
1856 * are interested only in its length). It is used because it has
1857 * the intelligence to handle all cases, but to work, it needs some
1858 * values of 'm' and 'b' to get it started. For the purposes of
1859 * this calculation we use a very conservative estimate of 'm' and
1860 * 'b'. This assumes a weight can be multiple bytes, enough to
1861 * hold any UV on the platform, and there are 5 levels, 4 weight
1862 * bytes, and a trailing NUL. */
1863 PL_collxfrm_base = 5;
1864 PL_collxfrm_mult = 5 * sizeof(UV);
1866 /* Find out how long the transformation really is */
1867 x_longer = _mem_collxfrm(longer,
1871 /* We avoid converting to UTF-8 in the
1872 * called function by telling it the
1873 * string is in UTF-8 if the locale is a
1874 * UTF-8 one. Since the string passed
1875 * here is invariant under UTF-8, we can
1876 * claim it's UTF-8 even though it isn't.
1878 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale);
1881 /* Find out how long the transformation of a substring of 'longer'
1882 * is. Together the lengths of these transformations are
1883 * sufficient to calculate 'm' and 'b'. The substring is all of
1884 * 'longer' except the first character. This minimizes the chances
1885 * of being swayed by outliers */
1886 x_shorter = _mem_collxfrm(longer + 1,
1889 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale);
1890 Safefree(x_shorter);
1892 /* If the results are nonsensical for this simple test, the whole
1893 * locale definition is suspect. Mark it so that locale collation
1894 * is not active at all for it. XXX Should we warn? */
1895 if ( x_len_shorter == 0
1896 || x_len_longer == 0
1897 || x_len_shorter >= x_len_longer)
1899 PL_collxfrm_mult = 0;
1900 PL_collxfrm_base = 0;
1903 SSize_t base; /* Temporary */
1905 /* We have both: m * strlen(longer) + b = x_len_longer
1906 * m * strlen(shorter) + b = x_len_shorter;
1907 * subtracting yields:
1908 * m * (strlen(longer) - strlen(shorter))
1909 * = x_len_longer - x_len_shorter
1910 * But we have set things up so that 'shorter' is 1 byte smaller
1911 * than 'longer'. Hence:
1912 * m = x_len_longer - x_len_shorter
1914 * But if something went wrong, make sure the multiplier is at
1917 if (x_len_longer > x_len_shorter) {
1918 PL_collxfrm_mult = (STRLEN) x_len_longer - x_len_shorter;
1921 PL_collxfrm_mult = 1;
1926 * but in case something has gone wrong, make sure it is
1928 base = x_len_longer - PL_collxfrm_mult * (sizeof(longer) - 1);
1933 /* Add 1 for the trailing NUL */
1934 PL_collxfrm_base = base + 1;
1939 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1940 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1941 "%s:%d: ?UTF-8 locale=%d; x_len_shorter=%zu, "
1943 " collate multipler=%zu, collate base=%zu\n",
1945 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale,
1946 x_len_shorter, x_len_longer,
1947 PL_collxfrm_mult, PL_collxfrm_base);
1954 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
1961 S_win32_setlocale(pTHX_ int category, const char* locale)
1963 /* This, for Windows, emulates POSIX setlocale() behavior. There is no
1964 * difference between the two unless the input locale is "", which normally
1965 * means on Windows to get the machine default, which is set via the
1966 * computer's "Regional and Language Options" (or its current equivalent).
1967 * In POSIX, it instead means to find the locale from the user's
1968 * environment. This routine changes the Windows behavior to first look in
1969 * the environment, and, if anything is found, use that instead of going to
1970 * the machine default. If there is no environment override, the machine
1971 * default is used, by calling the real setlocale() with "".
1973 * The POSIX behavior is to use the LC_ALL variable if set; otherwise to
1974 * use the particular category's variable if set; otherwise to use the LANG
1977 bool override_LC_ALL = FALSE;
1981 if (locale && strEQ(locale, "")) {
1985 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL");
1987 if (category == LC_ALL) {
1988 override_LC_ALL = TRUE;
1994 for (i = 0; i < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
1995 if (category == categories[i]) {
1996 locale = PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[i]);
2001 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LANG");
2017 result = setlocale(category, locale);
2018 DEBUG_L(STMT_START {
2020 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
2021 setlocale_debug_string(category, locale, result));
2025 if (! override_LC_ALL) {
2029 /* Here the input category was LC_ALL, and we have set it to what is in the
2030 * LANG variable or the system default if there is no LANG. But these have
2031 * lower priority than the other LC_foo variables, so override it for each
2032 * one that is set. (If they are set to "", it means to use the same thing
2033 * we just set LC_ALL to, so can skip) */
2035 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
2036 result = PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[i]);
2037 if (result && strNE(result, "")) {
2038 setlocale(categories[i], result);
2039 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
2041 setlocale_debug_string(categories[i], result, "not captured")));
2045 result = setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL);
2046 DEBUG_L(STMT_START {
2048 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
2050 setlocale_debug_string(LC_ALL, NULL, result));
2061 =head1 Locale-related functions and macros
2063 =for apidoc Perl_setlocale
2065 This is an (almost) drop-in replacement for the system L<C<setlocale(3)>>,
2066 taking the same parameters, and returning the same information, except that it
2067 returns the correct underlying C<LC_NUMERIC> locale, instead of C<C> always, as
2068 perl keeps that locale category as C<C>, changing it briefly during the
2069 operations where the underlying one is required.
2071 Another reason it isn't completely a drop-in replacement is that it is
2072 declared to return S<C<const char *>>, whereas the system setlocale omits the
2073 C<const>. (If it were being written today, plain setlocale would be declared
2074 const, since it is illegal to change the information it returns; doing so leads
2077 Finally, C<Perl_setlocale> works under all circumstances, whereas plain
2078 C<setlocale> can be completely ineffective on some platforms under some
2081 C<Perl_setlocale> should not be used to change the locale except on systems
2082 where the predefined variable C<${^SAFE_LOCALES}> is 1. On some such systems,
2083 the system C<setlocale()> is ineffective, returning the wrong information, and
2084 failing to actually change the locale. C<Perl_setlocale>, however works
2085 properly in all circumstances.
2087 The return points to a per-thread static buffer, which is overwritten the next
2088 time C<Perl_setlocale> is called from the same thread.
2095 Perl_setlocale(const int category, const char * locale)
2097 /* This wraps POSIX::setlocale() */
2099 const char * retval;
2100 const char * newlocale;
2102 DECLARATION_FOR_LC_NUMERIC_MANIPULATION;
2105 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2107 /* A NULL locale means only query what the current one is. We have the
2108 * LC_NUMERIC name saved, because we are normally switched into the C
2109 * locale for it. For an LC_ALL query, switch back to get the correct
2110 * results. All other categories don't require special handling */
2111 if (locale == NULL) {
2112 if (category == LC_NUMERIC) {
2114 /* We don't have to copy this return value, as it is a per-thread
2115 * variable, and won't change until a future setlocale */
2116 return PL_numeric_name;
2121 else if (category == LC_ALL) {
2122 STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING();
2131 retval = save_to_buffer(do_setlocale_r(category, locale),
2132 &PL_setlocale_buf, &PL_setlocale_bufsize, 0);
2135 #if defined(USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC) && defined(LC_ALL)
2137 if (locale == NULL && category == LC_ALL) {
2138 RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC();
2143 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2144 "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
2145 setlocale_debug_string(category, locale, retval)));
2153 /* If locale == NULL, we are just querying the state */
2154 if (locale == NULL) {
2158 /* Now that have switched locales, we have to update our records to
2163 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
2170 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2173 new_collate(retval);
2177 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2180 new_numeric(retval);
2188 /* LC_ALL updates all the things we care about. The values may not
2189 * be the same as 'retval', as the locale "" may have set things
2192 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
2194 newlocale = do_setlocale_c(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
2195 new_ctype(newlocale);
2197 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
2198 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2200 newlocale = do_setlocale_c(LC_COLLATE, NULL);
2201 new_collate(newlocale);
2204 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2206 newlocale = do_setlocale_c(LC_NUMERIC, NULL);
2207 new_numeric(newlocale);
2209 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
2220 PERL_STATIC_INLINE const char *
2221 S_save_to_buffer(const char * string, char **buf, Size_t *buf_size, const Size_t offset)
2223 /* Copy the NUL-terminated 'string' to 'buf' + 'offset'. 'buf' has size 'buf_size',
2224 * growing it if necessary */
2228 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVE_TO_BUFFER;
2234 string_size = strlen(string) + offset + 1;
2236 if (*buf_size == 0) {
2237 Newx(*buf, string_size, char);
2238 *buf_size = string_size;
2240 else if (string_size > *buf_size) {
2241 Renew(*buf, string_size, char);
2242 *buf_size = string_size;
2245 Copy(string, *buf + offset, string_size - offset, char);
2251 =for apidoc Perl_langinfo
2253 This is an (almost) drop-in replacement for the system C<L<nl_langinfo(3)>>,
2254 taking the same C<item> parameter values, and returning the same information.
2255 But it is more thread-safe than regular C<nl_langinfo()>, and hides the quirks
2256 of Perl's locale handling from your code, and can be used on systems that lack
2257 a native C<nl_langinfo>.
2265 The reason it isn't quite a drop-in replacement is actually an advantage. The
2266 only difference is that it returns S<C<const char *>>, whereas plain
2267 C<nl_langinfo()> returns S<C<char *>>, but you are (only by documentation)
2268 forbidden to write into the buffer. By declaring this C<const>, the compiler
2269 enforces this restriction, so if it is violated, you know at compilation time,
2270 rather than getting segfaults at runtime.
2274 It delivers the correct results for the C<RADIXCHAR> and C<THOUSEP> items,
2275 without you having to write extra code. The reason for the extra code would be
2276 because these are from the C<LC_NUMERIC> locale category, which is normally
2277 kept set to the C locale by Perl, no matter what the underlying locale is
2278 supposed to be, and so to get the expected results, you have to temporarily
2279 toggle into the underlying locale, and later toggle back. (You could use plain
2280 C<nl_langinfo> and C<L</STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING>> for this but
2281 then you wouldn't get the other advantages of C<Perl_langinfo()>; not keeping
2282 C<LC_NUMERIC> in the C locale would break a lot of CPAN, which is expecting the
2283 radix (decimal point) character to be a dot.)
2287 The system function it replaces can have its static return buffer trashed,
2288 not only by a subesequent call to that function, but by a C<freelocale>,
2289 C<setlocale>, or other locale change. The returned buffer of this function is
2290 not changed until the next call to it, so the buffer is never in a trashed
2295 Its return buffer is per-thread, so it also is never overwritten by a call to
2296 this function from another thread; unlike the function it replaces.
2300 But most importantly, it works on systems that don't have C<nl_langinfo>, such
2301 as Windows, hence makes your code more portable. Of the fifty-some possible
2302 items specified by the POSIX 2008 standard,
2303 L<http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/langinfo.h.html>,
2304 only two are completely unimplemented (though the loss of one of these is
2305 significant). It uses various techniques to recover the other items, including
2306 calling C<L<localeconv(3)>>, and C<L<strftime(3)>>, both of which are specified
2307 in C89, so should be always be available. Later C<strftime()> versions have
2308 additional capabilities; C<""> is returned for those not available on your
2311 It is important to note that when called with an item that is recovered by
2312 using C<localeconv>, the buffer from any previous explicit call to
2313 C<localeconv> will be overwritten. This means you must save that buffer's
2314 contents if you need to access them after a call to this function.
2316 The details for those items which may differ from what this emulation returns
2317 and what a native C<nl_langinfo()> would return are:
2325 Unimplemented, so returns C<"">.
2335 Only the values for English are returned. C<YESSTR> and C<NOSTR> have been
2336 removed from POSIX 2008, and are retained here for backwards compatibility.
2337 Your platform's C<nl_langinfo> may not support them.
2341 Always evaluates to C<%x>, the locale's appropriate date representation.
2345 Always evaluates to C<%X>, the locale's appropriate time representation.
2349 Always evaluates to C<%c>, the locale's appropriate date and time
2354 The return may be incorrect for those rare locales where the currency symbol
2355 replaces the radix character.
2356 Send email to L<mailto:perlbug@perl.org> if you have examples of it needing
2357 to work differently.
2361 Currently this gives the same results as Linux does.
2362 Send email to L<mailto:perlbug@perl.org> if you have examples of it needing
2363 to work differently.
2369 =item C<ERA_D_T_FMT>
2373 These are derived by using C<strftime()>, and not all versions of that function
2374 know about them. C<""> is returned for these on such systems.
2380 When using C<Perl_langinfo> on systems that don't have a native
2381 C<nl_langinfo()>, you must
2383 #include "perl_langinfo.h"
2385 before the C<perl.h> C<#include>. You can replace your C<langinfo.h>
2386 C<#include> with this one. (Doing it this way keeps out the symbols that plain
2387 C<langinfo.h> imports into the namespace for code that doesn't need it.)
2389 You also should not use the bare C<langinfo.h> item names, but should preface
2390 them with C<PERL_>, so use C<PERL_RADIXCHAR> instead of plain C<RADIXCHAR>.
2391 The C<PERL_I<foo>> versions will also work for this function on systems that do
2392 have a native C<nl_langinfo>.
2394 The original impetus for C<Perl_langinfo()> was so that code that needs to
2395 find out the current currency symbol, floating point radix character, or digit
2396 grouping separator can use, on all systems, the simpler and more
2397 thread-friendly C<nl_langinfo> API instead of C<L<localeconv(3)>> which is a
2398 pain to make thread-friendly. For other fields returned by C<localeconv>, it
2399 is better to use the methods given in L<perlcall> to call
2400 L<C<POSIX::localeconv()>|POSIX/localeconv>, which is thread-friendly.
2407 #ifdef HAS_NL_LANGINFO
2408 Perl_langinfo(const nl_item item)
2410 Perl_langinfo(const int item)
2413 return my_nl_langinfo(item, TRUE);
2417 #ifdef HAS_NL_LANGINFO
2418 S_my_nl_langinfo(const nl_item item, bool toggle)
2420 S_my_nl_langinfo(const int item, bool toggle)
2424 const char * retval;
2426 /* We only need to toggle into the underlying LC_NUMERIC locale for these
2427 * two items, and only if not already there */
2428 if (toggle && (( item != PERL_RADIXCHAR && item != PERL_THOUSEP)
2429 || PL_numeric_underlying))
2434 #if defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO) /* nl_langinfo() is available. */
2435 # if ! defined(HAS_THREAD_SAFE_NL_LANGINFO_L) \
2436 || ! defined(HAS_POSIX_2008_LOCALE)
2438 /* Here, use plain nl_langinfo(), switching to the underlying LC_NUMERIC
2439 * for those items dependent on it. This must be copied to a buffer before
2440 * switching back, as some systems destroy the buffer when setlocale() is
2444 DECLARATION_FOR_LC_NUMERIC_MANIPULATION;
2447 STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING();
2450 LOCALE_LOCK; /* Prevent interference from another thread executing
2451 this code section (the only call to nl_langinfo in
2455 /* Copy to a per-thread buffer, which is also one that won't be
2456 * destroyed by a subsequent setlocale(), such as the
2457 * RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC may do just below. */
2458 retval = save_to_buffer(nl_langinfo(item),
2459 &PL_langinfo_buf, &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
2464 RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC();
2468 # else /* Use nl_langinfo_l(), avoiding both a mutex and changing the locale */
2471 bool do_free = FALSE;
2472 locale_t cur = uselocale((locale_t) 0);
2474 if (cur == LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE) {
2475 cur = duplocale(LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE);
2480 if (PL_underlying_numeric_obj) {
2481 cur = PL_underlying_numeric_obj;
2484 cur = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, PL_numeric_name, cur);
2489 /* We have to save it to a buffer, because the freelocale() just below
2490 * can invalidate the internal one */
2491 retval = save_to_buffer(nl_langinfo_l(item, cur),
2492 &PL_langinfo_buf, &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
2501 if (strEQ(retval, "")) {
2502 if (item == PERL_YESSTR) {
2505 if (item == PERL_NOSTR) {
2512 #else /* Below, emulate nl_langinfo as best we can */
2516 # ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV
2518 const struct lconv* lc;
2520 DECLARATION_FOR_LC_NUMERIC_MANIPULATION;
2523 # ifdef HAS_STRFTIME
2526 bool return_format = FALSE; /* Return the %format, not the value */
2527 const char * format;
2531 /* We copy the results to a per-thread buffer, even if not
2532 * multi-threaded. This is in part to simplify this code, and partly
2533 * because we need a buffer anyway for strftime(), and partly because a
2534 * call of localeconv() could otherwise wipe out the buffer, and the
2535 * programmer would not be expecting this, as this is a nl_langinfo()
2536 * substitute after all, so s/he might be thinking their localeconv()
2537 * is safe until another localeconv() call. */
2542 /* These 2 are unimplemented */
2544 case PERL_ERA: /* For use with strftime() %E modifier */
2549 /* We use only an English set, since we don't know any more */
2550 case PERL_YESEXPR: return "^[+1yY]";
2551 case PERL_YESSTR: return "yes";
2552 case PERL_NOEXPR: return "^[-0nN]";
2553 case PERL_NOSTR: return "no";
2555 # ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV
2559 /* We don't bother with localeconv_l() because any system that
2560 * has it is likely to also have nl_langinfo() */
2562 LOCALE_LOCK; /* Prevent interference with other threads
2563 using localeconv() */
2567 || ! lc->currency_symbol
2568 || strEQ("", lc->currency_symbol))
2574 /* Leave the first spot empty to be filled in below */
2575 retval = save_to_buffer(lc->currency_symbol, &PL_langinfo_buf,
2576 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 1);
2577 if (lc->mon_decimal_point && strEQ(lc->mon_decimal_point, ""))
2578 { /* khw couldn't figure out how the localedef specifications
2579 would show that the $ should replace the radix; this is
2580 just a guess as to how it might work.*/
2581 PL_langinfo_buf[0] = '.';
2583 else if (lc->p_cs_precedes) {
2584 PL_langinfo_buf[0] = '-';
2587 PL_langinfo_buf[0] = '+';
2593 case PERL_RADIXCHAR:
2597 STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING();
2600 LOCALE_LOCK; /* Prevent interference with other threads
2601 using localeconv() */
2608 temp = (item == PERL_RADIXCHAR)
2610 : lc->thousands_sep;
2616 retval = save_to_buffer(temp, &PL_langinfo_buf,
2617 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
2622 RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC();
2628 # ifdef HAS_STRFTIME
2630 /* These are defined by C89, so we assume that strftime supports
2631 * them, and so are returned unconditionally; they may not be what
2632 * the locale actually says, but should give good enough results
2633 * for someone using them as formats (as opposed to trying to parse
2634 * them to figure out what the locale says). The other format
2635 * items are actually tested to verify they work on the platform */
2636 case PERL_D_FMT: return "%x";
2637 case PERL_T_FMT: return "%X";
2638 case PERL_D_T_FMT: return "%c";
2640 /* These formats are only available in later strfmtime's */
2641 case PERL_ERA_D_FMT: case PERL_ERA_T_FMT: case PERL_ERA_D_T_FMT:
2642 case PERL_T_FMT_AMPM:
2644 /* The rest can be gotten from most versions of strftime(). */
2645 case PERL_ABDAY_1: case PERL_ABDAY_2: case PERL_ABDAY_3:
2646 case PERL_ABDAY_4: case PERL_ABDAY_5: case PERL_ABDAY_6:
2648 case PERL_ALT_DIGITS:
2649 case PERL_AM_STR: case PERL_PM_STR:
2650 case PERL_ABMON_1: case PERL_ABMON_2: case PERL_ABMON_3:
2651 case PERL_ABMON_4: case PERL_ABMON_5: case PERL_ABMON_6:
2652 case PERL_ABMON_7: case PERL_ABMON_8: case PERL_ABMON_9:
2653 case PERL_ABMON_10: case PERL_ABMON_11: case PERL_ABMON_12:
2654 case PERL_DAY_1: case PERL_DAY_2: case PERL_DAY_3: case PERL_DAY_4:
2655 case PERL_DAY_5: case PERL_DAY_6: case PERL_DAY_7:
2656 case PERL_MON_1: case PERL_MON_2: case PERL_MON_3: case PERL_MON_4:
2657 case PERL_MON_5: case PERL_MON_6: case PERL_MON_7: case PERL_MON_8:
2658 case PERL_MON_9: case PERL_MON_10: case PERL_MON_11:
2663 init_tm(&tm); /* Precaution against core dumps */
2667 tm.tm_year = 2017 - 1900;
2674 "panic: %s: %d: switch case: %d problem",
2675 __FILE__, __LINE__, item);
2676 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
2678 case PERL_PM_STR: tm.tm_hour = 18;
2683 case PERL_ABDAY_7: tm.tm_wday++;
2684 case PERL_ABDAY_6: tm.tm_wday++;
2685 case PERL_ABDAY_5: tm.tm_wday++;
2686 case PERL_ABDAY_4: tm.tm_wday++;
2687 case PERL_ABDAY_3: tm.tm_wday++;
2688 case PERL_ABDAY_2: tm.tm_wday++;
2693 case PERL_DAY_7: tm.tm_wday++;
2694 case PERL_DAY_6: tm.tm_wday++;
2695 case PERL_DAY_5: tm.tm_wday++;
2696 case PERL_DAY_4: tm.tm_wday++;
2697 case PERL_DAY_3: tm.tm_wday++;
2698 case PERL_DAY_2: tm.tm_wday++;
2703 case PERL_ABMON_12: tm.tm_mon++;
2704 case PERL_ABMON_11: tm.tm_mon++;
2705 case PERL_ABMON_10: tm.tm_mon++;
2706 case PERL_ABMON_9: tm.tm_mon++;
2707 case PERL_ABMON_8: tm.tm_mon++;
2708 case PERL_ABMON_7: tm.tm_mon++;
2709 case PERL_ABMON_6: tm.tm_mon++;
2710 case PERL_ABMON_5: tm.tm_mon++;
2711 case PERL_ABMON_4: tm.tm_mon++;
2712 case PERL_ABMON_3: tm.tm_mon++;
2713 case PERL_ABMON_2: tm.tm_mon++;
2718 case PERL_MON_12: tm.tm_mon++;
2719 case PERL_MON_11: tm.tm_mon++;
2720 case PERL_MON_10: tm.tm_mon++;
2721 case PERL_MON_9: tm.tm_mon++;
2722 case PERL_MON_8: tm.tm_mon++;
2723 case PERL_MON_7: tm.tm_mon++;
2724 case PERL_MON_6: tm.tm_mon++;
2725 case PERL_MON_5: tm.tm_mon++;
2726 case PERL_MON_4: tm.tm_mon++;
2727 case PERL_MON_3: tm.tm_mon++;
2728 case PERL_MON_2: tm.tm_mon++;
2733 case PERL_T_FMT_AMPM:
2735 return_format = TRUE;
2738 case PERL_ERA_D_FMT:
2740 return_format = TRUE;
2743 case PERL_ERA_T_FMT:
2745 return_format = TRUE;
2748 case PERL_ERA_D_T_FMT:
2750 return_format = TRUE;
2753 case PERL_ALT_DIGITS:
2755 format = "%Ow"; /* Find the alternate digit for 0 */
2759 /* We can't use my_strftime() because it doesn't look at
2761 while (0 == strftime(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize,
2764 /* A zero return means one of:
2765 * a) there wasn't enough space in PL_langinfo_buf
2766 * b) the format, like a plain %p, returns empty
2767 * c) it was an illegal format, though some
2768 * implementations of strftime will just return the
2769 * illegal format as a plain character sequence.
2771 * To quickly test for case 'b)', try again but precede
2772 * the format with a plain character. If that result is
2773 * still empty, the problem is either 'a)' or 'c)' */
2775 Size_t format_size = strlen(format) + 1;
2776 Size_t mod_size = format_size + 1;
2780 Newx(mod_format, mod_size, char);
2781 Newx(temp_result, PL_langinfo_bufsize, char);
2783 my_strlcpy(mod_format + 1, format, mod_size);
2784 len = strftime(temp_result,
2785 PL_langinfo_bufsize,
2787 Safefree(mod_format);
2788 Safefree(temp_result);
2790 /* If 'len' is non-zero, it means that we had a case like
2791 * %p which means the current locale doesn't use a.m. or
2792 * p.m., and that is valid */
2795 /* Here, still didn't work. If we get well beyond a
2796 * reasonable size, bail out to prevent an infinite
2799 if (PL_langinfo_bufsize > 100 * format_size) {
2800 *PL_langinfo_buf = '\0';
2803 /* Double the buffer size to retry; Add 1 in case
2804 * original was 0, so we aren't stuck at 0. */
2805 PL_langinfo_bufsize *= 2;
2806 PL_langinfo_bufsize++;
2807 Renew(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize, char);
2815 /* Here, we got a result.
2817 * If the item is 'ALT_DIGITS', PL_langinfo_buf contains the
2818 * alternate format for wday 0. If the value is the same as
2819 * the normal 0, there isn't an alternate, so clear the buffer.
2821 if ( item == PERL_ALT_DIGITS
2822 && strEQ(PL_langinfo_buf, "0"))
2824 *PL_langinfo_buf = '\0';
2827 /* ALT_DIGITS is problematic. Experiments on it showed that
2828 * strftime() did not always work properly when going from
2829 * alt-9 to alt-10. Only a few locales have this item defined,
2830 * and in all of them on Linux that khw was able to find,
2831 * nl_langinfo() merely returned the alt-0 character, possibly
2832 * doubled. Most Unicode digits are in blocks of 10
2833 * consecutive code points, so that is sufficient information
2834 * for those scripts, as we can infer alt-1, alt-2, .... But
2835 * for a Japanese locale, a CJK ideographic 0 is returned, and
2836 * the CJK digits are not in code point order, so you can't
2837 * really infer anything. The localedef for this locale did
2838 * specify the succeeding digits, so that strftime() works
2839 * properly on them, without needing to infer anything. But
2840 * the nl_langinfo() return did not give sufficient information
2841 * for the caller to understand what's going on. So until
2842 * there is evidence that it should work differently, this
2843 * returns the alt-0 string for ALT_DIGITS.
2845 * wday was chosen because its range is all a single digit.
2846 * Things like tm_sec have two digits as the minimum: '00' */
2850 retval = PL_langinfo_buf;
2852 /* If to return the format, not the value, overwrite the buffer
2853 * with it. But some strftime()s will keep the original format
2854 * if illegal, so change those to "" */
2855 if (return_format) {
2856 if (strEQ(PL_langinfo_buf, format)) {
2857 *PL_langinfo_buf = '\0';
2860 retval = save_to_buffer(format, &PL_langinfo_buf,
2861 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
2879 * Initialize locale awareness.
2882 Perl_init_i18nl10n(pTHX_ int printwarn)
2886 * 0 if not to output warning when setup locale is bad
2887 * 1 if to output warning based on value of PERL_BADLANG
2888 * >1 if to output regardless of PERL_BADLANG
2891 * 1 = set ok or not applicable,
2892 * 0 = fallback to a locale of lower priority
2893 * -1 = fallback to all locales failed, not even to the C locale
2895 * Under -DDEBUGGING, if the environment variable PERL_DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT is
2896 * set, debugging information is output.
2898 * This looks more complicated than it is, mainly due to the #ifdefs.
2900 * We try to set LC_ALL to the value determined by the environment. If
2901 * there is no LC_ALL on this platform, we try the individual categories we
2902 * know about. If this works, we are done.
2904 * But if it doesn't work, we have to do something else. We search the
2905 * environment variables ourselves instead of relying on the system to do
2906 * it. We look at, in order, LC_ALL, LANG, a system default locale (if we
2907 * think there is one), and the ultimate fallback "C". This is all done in
2908 * the same loop as above to avoid duplicating code, but it makes things
2909 * more complex. The 'trial_locales' array is initialized with just one
2910 * element; it causes the behavior described in the paragraph above this to
2911 * happen. If that fails, we add elements to 'trial_locales', and do extra
2912 * loop iterations to cause the behavior described in this paragraph.
2914 * On Ultrix, the locale MUST come from the environment, so there is
2915 * preliminary code to set it. I (khw) am not sure that it is necessary,
2916 * and that this couldn't be folded into the loop, but barring any real
2917 * platforms to test on, it's staying as-is
2919 * A slight complication is that in embedded Perls, the locale may already
2920 * be set-up, and we don't want to get it from the normal environment
2921 * variables. This is handled by having a special environment variable
2922 * indicate we're in this situation. We simply set setlocale's 2nd
2923 * parameter to be a NULL instead of "". That indicates to setlocale that
2924 * it is not to change anything, but to return the current value,
2925 * effectively initializing perl's db to what the locale already is.
2927 * We play the same trick with NULL if a LC_ALL succeeds. We call
2928 * setlocale() on the individual categores with NULL to get their existing
2929 * values for our db, instead of trying to change them.
2936 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(printwarn);
2938 #else /* USE_LOCALE */
2941 const char * const language = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LANGUAGE"));
2945 /* NULL uses the existing already set up locale */
2946 const char * const setlocale_init = (PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_SKIP_LOCALE_INIT"))
2949 const char* trial_locales[5]; /* 5 = 1 each for "", LC_ALL, LANG, "", C */
2950 unsigned int trial_locales_count;
2951 const char * const lc_all = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL"));
2952 const char * const lang = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LANG"));
2953 bool setlocale_failure = FALSE;
2956 /* A later getenv() could zap this, so only use here */
2957 const char * const bad_lang_use_once = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADLANG");
2959 const bool locwarn = (printwarn > 1
2961 && ( ! bad_lang_use_once
2963 /* disallow with "" or "0" */
2965 && strNE("0", bad_lang_use_once)))));
2967 /* setlocale() return vals; not copied so must be looked at immediately */
2968 const char * sl_result[NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX + 1];
2970 /* current locale for given category; should have been copied so aren't
2972 const char * curlocales[NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX + 1];
2976 /* In some systems you can find out the system default locale
2977 * and use that as the fallback locale. */
2978 # define SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
2980 # ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
2982 const char *system_default_locale = NULL;
2987 # define DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(a,b,c)
2990 DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(cBOOL(PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT")));
2992 # define DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(category, locale, result) \
2994 if (debug_initialization) { \
2995 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, \
2997 __FILE__, __LINE__, \
2998 setlocale_debug_string(category, \
3004 /* Make sure the parallel arrays are properly set up */
3005 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
3006 assert(categories[LC_NUMERIC_INDEX] == LC_NUMERIC);
3007 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_NUMERIC_INDEX], "LC_NUMERIC"));
3008 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3009 assert(category_masks[LC_NUMERIC_INDEX] == LC_NUMERIC_MASK);
3012 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3013 assert(categories[LC_CTYPE_INDEX] == LC_CTYPE);
3014 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_CTYPE_INDEX], "LC_CTYPE"));
3015 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3016 assert(category_masks[LC_CTYPE_INDEX] == LC_CTYPE_MASK);
3019 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3020 assert(categories[LC_COLLATE_INDEX] == LC_COLLATE);
3021 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_COLLATE_INDEX], "LC_COLLATE"));
3022 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3023 assert(category_masks[LC_COLLATE_INDEX] == LC_COLLATE_MASK);
3026 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
3027 assert(categories[LC_TIME_INDEX] == LC_TIME);
3028 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_TIME_INDEX], "LC_TIME"));
3029 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3030 assert(category_masks[LC_TIME_INDEX] == LC_TIME_MASK);
3033 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
3034 assert(categories[LC_MESSAGES_INDEX] == LC_MESSAGES);
3035 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_MESSAGES_INDEX], "LC_MESSAGES"));
3036 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3037 assert(category_masks[LC_MESSAGES_INDEX] == LC_MESSAGES_MASK);
3040 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
3041 assert(categories[LC_MONETARY_INDEX] == LC_MONETARY);
3042 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_MONETARY_INDEX], "LC_MONETARY"));
3043 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3044 assert(category_masks[LC_MONETARY_INDEX] == LC_MONETARY_MASK);
3047 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
3048 assert(categories[LC_ADDRESS_INDEX] == LC_ADDRESS);
3049 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_ADDRESS_INDEX], "LC_ADDRESS"));
3050 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3051 assert(category_masks[LC_ADDRESS_INDEX] == LC_ADDRESS_MASK);
3054 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
3055 assert(categories[LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX] == LC_IDENTIFICATION);
3056 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX], "LC_IDENTIFICATION"));
3057 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3058 assert(category_masks[LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX] == LC_IDENTIFICATION_MASK);
3061 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
3062 assert(categories[LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX] == LC_MEASUREMENT);
3063 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX], "LC_MEASUREMENT"));
3064 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3065 assert(category_masks[LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX] == LC_MEASUREMENT_MASK);
3068 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
3069 assert(categories[LC_PAPER_INDEX] == LC_PAPER);
3070 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_PAPER_INDEX], "LC_PAPER"));
3071 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3072 assert(category_masks[LC_PAPER_INDEX] == LC_PAPER_MASK);
3075 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
3076 assert(categories[LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX] == LC_TELEPHONE);
3077 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX], "LC_TELEPHONE"));
3078 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3079 assert(category_masks[LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX] == LC_TELEPHONE_MASK);
3083 assert(categories[LC_ALL_INDEX] == LC_ALL);
3084 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_ALL_INDEX], "LC_ALL"));
3085 assert(NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX == LC_ALL_INDEX);
3086 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3087 assert(category_masks[LC_ALL_INDEX] == LC_ALL_MASK);
3090 # endif /* DEBUGGING */
3092 /* Initialize the cache of the program's UTF-8ness for the always known
3093 * locales C and POSIX */
3094 my_strlcpy(PL_locale_utf8ness, C_and_POSIX_utf8ness,
3095 sizeof(PL_locale_utf8ness));
3097 # ifdef USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE
3100 _configthreadlocale(_ENABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
3104 # if defined(LC_ALL_MASK) && defined(HAS_POSIX_2008_LOCALE)
3106 PL_C_locale_obj = newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
3107 if (! PL_C_locale_obj) {
3108 Perl_croak_nocontext(
3109 "panic: Cannot create POSIX 2008 C locale object; errno=%d", errno);
3111 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
3112 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: created C object %p\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_C_locale_obj);
3117 PL_numeric_radix_sv = newSVpvs(".");
3119 # if defined(USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE) && ! defined(HAS_QUERYLOCALE)
3121 /* Initialize our records. If we have POSIX 2008, we have LC_ALL */
3122 do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, my_setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL));
3125 # ifdef LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED
3128 * Ultrix setlocale(..., "") fails if there are no environment
3129 * variables from which to get a locale name.
3133 # error Ultrix without LC_ALL not implemented
3139 sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX] = do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, setlocale_init);
3140 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, setlocale_init, sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX]);
3141 if (sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX])
3144 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
3146 if (! setlocale_failure) {
3147 const char * locale_param;
3148 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
3149 locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[i])))
3152 sl_result[i] = do_setlocale_r(categories[i], locale_param);
3153 if (! sl_result[i]) {
3154 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
3156 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(categories[i], locale_param, sl_result[i]);
3161 # endif /* LC_ALL */
3162 # endif /* LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED */
3164 /* We try each locale in the list until we get one that works, or exhaust
3165 * the list. Normally the loop is executed just once. But if setting the
3166 * locale fails, inside the loop we add fallback trials to the array and so
3167 * will execute the loop multiple times */
3168 trial_locales[0] = setlocale_init;
3169 trial_locales_count = 1;
3171 for (i= 0; i < trial_locales_count; i++) {
3172 const char * trial_locale = trial_locales[i];
3176 /* XXX This is to preserve old behavior for LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED
3177 * when i==0, but I (khw) don't think that behavior makes much
3179 setlocale_failure = FALSE;
3181 # ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
3182 # ifdef WIN32 /* Note that assumes Win32 has LC_ALL */
3184 /* On Windows machines, an entry of "" after the 0th means to use
3185 * the system default locale, which we now proceed to get. */
3186 if (strEQ(trial_locale, "")) {
3189 /* Note that this may change the locale, but we are going to do
3190 * that anyway just below */
3191 system_default_locale = do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, "");
3192 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, "", system_default_locale);
3194 /* Skip if invalid or if it's already on the list of locales to
3196 if (! system_default_locale) {
3197 goto next_iteration;
3199 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
3200 if (strEQ(system_default_locale, trial_locales[j])) {
3201 goto next_iteration;
3205 trial_locale = system_default_locale;
3208 # error SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE only implemented for Win32
3210 # endif /* SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE */
3216 sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX] = do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, trial_locale);
3217 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, trial_locale, sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX]);
3218 if (! sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX]) {
3219 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
3222 /* Since LC_ALL succeeded, it should have changed all the other
3223 * categories it can to its value; so we massage things so that the
3224 * setlocales below just return their category's current values.
3225 * This adequately handles the case in NetBSD where LC_COLLATE may
3226 * not be defined for a locale, and setting it individually will
3227 * fail, whereas setting LC_ALL succeeds, leaving LC_COLLATE set to
3228 * the POSIX locale. */
3229 trial_locale = NULL;
3232 # endif /* LC_ALL */
3234 if (! setlocale_failure) {
3236 for (j = 0; j < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; j++) {
3238 = savepv(do_setlocale_r(categories[j], trial_locale));
3239 if (! curlocales[j]) {
3240 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
3242 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(categories[j], trial_locale, curlocales[j]);
3245 if (! setlocale_failure) { /* All succeeded */
3246 break; /* Exit trial_locales loop */
3250 /* Here, something failed; will need to try a fallback. */
3256 if (locwarn) { /* Output failure info only on the first one */
3260 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3261 "perl: warning: Setting locale failed.\n");
3263 # else /* !LC_ALL */
3265 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3266 "perl: warning: Setting locale failed for the categories:\n\t");
3268 for (j = 0; j < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; j++) {
3269 if (! curlocales[j]) {
3270 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, category_names[j]);
3273 Safefree(curlocales[j]);
3277 # endif /* LC_ALL */
3279 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3280 "perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:\n");
3284 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3285 "\tLANGUAGE = %c%s%c,\n",
3286 language ? '"' : '(',
3287 language ? language : "unset",
3288 language ? '"' : ')');
3291 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3292 "\tLC_ALL = %c%s%c,\n",
3294 lc_all ? lc_all : "unset",
3295 lc_all ? '"' : ')');
3297 # if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY)
3302 /* Look through the environment for any variables of the
3303 * form qr/ ^ LC_ [A-Z]+ = /x, except LC_ALL which was
3304 * already handled above. These are assumed to be locale
3305 * settings. Output them and their values. */
3306 for (e = environ; *e; e++) {
3307 const STRLEN prefix_len = sizeof("LC_") - 1;
3310 if ( strBEGINs(*e, "LC_")
3311 && ! strBEGINs(*e, "LC_ALL=")
3312 && (uppers_len = strspn(*e + prefix_len,
3313 "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"))
3314 && ((*e)[prefix_len + uppers_len] == '='))
3316 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\t%.*s = \"%s\",\n",
3317 (int) (prefix_len + uppers_len), *e,
3318 *e + prefix_len + uppers_len + 1);
3325 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3326 "\t(possibly more locale environment variables)\n");
3330 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3331 "\tLANG = %c%s%c\n",
3333 lang ? lang : "unset",
3336 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3337 " are supported and installed on your system.\n");
3340 /* Calculate what fallback locales to try. We have avoided this
3341 * until we have to, because failure is quite unlikely. This will
3342 * usually change the upper bound of the loop we are in.
3344 * Since the system's default way of setting the locale has not
3345 * found one that works, We use Perl's defined ordering: LC_ALL,
3346 * LANG, and the C locale. We don't try the same locale twice, so
3347 * don't add to the list if already there. (On POSIX systems, the
3348 * LC_ALL element will likely be a repeat of the 0th element "",
3349 * but there's no harm done by doing it explicitly.
3351 * Note that this tries the LC_ALL environment variable even on
3352 * systems which have no LC_ALL locale setting. This may or may
3353 * not have been originally intentional, but there's no real need
3354 * to change the behavior. */
3356 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
3357 if (strEQ(lc_all, trial_locales[j])) {
3361 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = lc_all;
3366 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
3367 if (strEQ(lang, trial_locales[j])) {
3371 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = lang;
3375 # if defined(WIN32) && defined(LC_ALL)
3377 /* For Windows, we also try the system default locale before "C".
3378 * (If there exists a Windows without LC_ALL we skip this because
3379 * it gets too complicated. For those, the "C" is the next
3380 * fallback possibility). The "" is the same as the 0th element of
3381 * the array, but the code at the loop above knows to treat it
3382 * differently when not the 0th */
3383 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = "";
3387 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
3388 if (strEQ("C", trial_locales[j])) {
3392 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = "C";
3395 } /* end of first time through the loop */
3403 } /* end of looping through the trial locales */
3405 if (ok < 1) { /* If we tried to fallback */
3407 if (! setlocale_failure) { /* fallback succeeded */
3408 msg = "Falling back to";
3410 else { /* fallback failed */
3413 /* We dropped off the end of the loop, so have to decrement i to
3414 * get back to the value the last time through */
3418 msg = "Failed to fall back to";
3420 /* To continue, we should use whatever values we've got */
3422 for (j = 0; j < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; j++) {
3423 Safefree(curlocales[j]);
3424 curlocales[j] = savepv(do_setlocale_r(categories[j], NULL));
3425 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(categories[j], NULL, curlocales[j]);
3430 const char * description;
3431 const char * name = "";
3432 if (strEQ(trial_locales[i], "C")) {
3433 description = "the standard locale";
3437 # ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
3439 else if (strEQ(trial_locales[i], "")) {
3440 description = "the system default locale";
3441 if (system_default_locale) {
3442 name = system_default_locale;
3446 # endif /* SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE */
3449 description = "a fallback locale";
3450 name = trial_locales[i];
3452 if (name && strNE(name, "")) {
3453 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3454 "perl: warning: %s %s (\"%s\").\n", msg, description, name);
3457 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3458 "perl: warning: %s %s.\n", msg, description);
3461 } /* End of tried to fallback */
3463 /* Done with finding the locales; update our records */
3465 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3467 new_ctype(curlocales[LC_CTYPE_INDEX]);
3470 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3472 new_collate(curlocales[LC_COLLATE_INDEX]);
3475 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
3477 new_numeric(curlocales[LC_NUMERIC_INDEX]);
3481 for (i = 0; i < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
3483 # if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && ! defined(USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE)
3485 /* This caches whether each category's locale is UTF-8 or not. This
3486 * may involve changing the locale. It is ok to do this at
3487 * initialization time before any threads have started, but not later
3488 * unless thread-safe operations are used.
3489 * Caching means that if the program heeds our dictate not to change
3490 * locales in threaded applications, this data will remain valid, and
3491 * it may get queried without having to change locales. If the
3492 * environment is such that all categories have the same locale, this
3493 * isn't needed, as the code will not change the locale; but this
3494 * handles the uncommon case where the environment has disparate
3495 * locales for the categories */
3496 (void) _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(categories[i]);
3500 Safefree(curlocales[i]);
3503 # if defined(USE_PERLIO) && defined(USE_LOCALE_CTYPE)
3505 /* Set PL_utf8locale to TRUE if using PerlIO _and_ the current LC_CTYPE
3506 * locale is UTF-8. The call to new_ctype() just above has already
3507 * calculated the latter value and saved it in PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale. If
3508 * both PL_utf8locale and PL_unicode (set by -C or by $ENV{PERL_UNICODE})
3509 * are true, perl.c:S_parse_body() will turn on the PerlIO :utf8 layer on
3510 * STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR, _and_ the default open discipline. */
3511 PL_utf8locale = PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale;
3513 /* Set PL_unicode to $ENV{PERL_UNICODE} if using PerlIO.
3514 This is an alternative to using the -C command line switch
3515 (the -C if present will override this). */
3517 const char *p = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_UNICODE");
3518 PL_unicode = p ? parse_unicode_opts(&p) : 0;
3519 if (PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT_FLAG)
3533 #endif /* USE_LOCALE */
3536 /* So won't continue to output stuff */
3537 DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(FALSE);
3544 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3547 Perl__mem_collxfrm(pTHX_ const char *input_string,
3548 STRLEN len, /* Length of 'input_string' */
3549 STRLEN *xlen, /* Set to length of returned string
3550 (not including the collation index
3552 bool utf8 /* Is the input in UTF-8? */
3556 /* _mem_collxfrm() is a bit like strxfrm() but with two important
3557 * differences. First, it handles embedded NULs. Second, it allocates a bit
3558 * more memory than needed for the transformed data itself. The real
3559 * transformed data begins at offset COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN. *xlen is set to
3560 * the length of that, and doesn't include the collation index size.
3561 * Please see sv_collxfrm() to see how this is used. */
3563 #define COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN sizeof(PL_collation_ix)
3565 char * s = (char *) input_string;
3566 STRLEN s_strlen = strlen(input_string);
3568 STRLEN xAlloc; /* xalloc is a reserved word in VC */
3569 STRLEN length_in_chars;
3570 bool first_time = TRUE; /* Cleared after first loop iteration */
3572 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__MEM_COLLXFRM;
3574 /* Must be NUL-terminated */
3575 assert(*(input_string + len) == '\0');
3577 /* If this locale has defective collation, skip */
3578 if (PL_collxfrm_base == 0 && PL_collxfrm_mult == 0) {
3579 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3580 "_mem_collxfrm: locale's collation is defective\n"));
3584 /* Replace any embedded NULs with the control that sorts before any others.
3585 * This will give as good as possible results on strings that don't
3586 * otherwise contain that character, but otherwise there may be
3587 * less-than-perfect results with that character and NUL. This is
3588 * unavoidable unless we replace strxfrm with our own implementation. */
3589 if (UNLIKELY(s_strlen < len)) { /* Only execute if there is an embedded
3593 STRLEN sans_nuls_len;
3594 int try_non_controls;
3595 char this_replacement_char[] = "?\0"; /* Room for a two-byte string,
3596 making sure 2nd byte is NUL.
3598 STRLEN this_replacement_len;
3600 /* If we don't know what non-NUL control character sorts lowest for
3601 * this locale, find it */
3602 if (PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement == '\0') {
3604 char * cur_min_x = NULL; /* The min_char's xfrm, (except it also
3605 includes the collation index
3608 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Looking to replace NUL\n"));
3610 /* Unlikely, but it may be that no control will work to replace
3611 * NUL, in which case we instead look for any character. Controls
3612 * are preferred because collation order is, in general, context
3613 * sensitive, with adjoining characters affecting the order, and
3614 * controls are less likely to have such interactions, allowing the
3615 * NUL-replacement to stand on its own. (Another way to look at it
3616 * is to imagine what would happen if the NUL were replaced by a
3617 * combining character; it wouldn't work out all that well.) */
3618 for (try_non_controls = 0;
3619 try_non_controls < 2;
3622 /* Look through all legal code points (NUL isn't) */
3623 for (j = 1; j < 256; j++) {
3624 char * x; /* j's xfrm plus collation index */
3625 STRLEN x_len; /* length of 'x' */
3626 STRLEN trial_len = 1;
3627 char cur_source[] = { '\0', '\0' };
3629 /* Skip non-controls the first time through the loop. The
3630 * controls in a UTF-8 locale are the L1 ones */
3631 if (! try_non_controls && (PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale)
3638 /* Create a 1-char string of the current code point */
3639 cur_source[0] = (char) j;
3641 /* Then transform it */
3642 x = _mem_collxfrm(cur_source, trial_len, &x_len,
3643 0 /* The string is not in UTF-8 */);
3645 /* Ignore any character that didn't successfully transform.
3651 /* If this character's transformation is lower than
3652 * the current lowest, this one becomes the lowest */
3653 if ( cur_min_x == NULL
3654 || strLT(x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
3655 cur_min_x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN))
3657 PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = j;
3663 } /* end of loop through all 255 characters */
3665 /* Stop looking if found */
3670 /* Unlikely, but possible, if there aren't any controls that
3671 * work in the locale, repeat the loop, looking for any
3672 * character that works */
3673 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3674 "_mem_collxfrm: No control worked. Trying non-controls\n"));
3675 } /* End of loop to try first the controls, then any char */
3678 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3679 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't find any character to replace"
3680 " embedded NULs in locale %s with", PL_collation_name));
3684 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3685 "_mem_collxfrm: Replacing embedded NULs in locale %s with "
3686 "0x%02X\n", PL_collation_name, PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement));
3688 Safefree(cur_min_x);
3689 } /* End of determining the character that is to replace NULs */
3691 /* If the replacement is variant under UTF-8, it must match the
3692 * UTF8-ness of the original */
3693 if ( ! UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement) && utf8) {
3694 this_replacement_char[0] =
3695 UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement);
3696 this_replacement_char[1] =
3697 UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement);
3698 this_replacement_len = 2;
3701 this_replacement_char[0] = PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement;
3702 /* this_replacement_char[1] = '\0' was done at initialization */
3703 this_replacement_len = 1;
3706 /* The worst case length for the replaced string would be if every
3707 * character in it is NUL. Multiply that by the length of each
3708 * replacement, and allow for a trailing NUL */
3709 sans_nuls_len = (len * this_replacement_len) + 1;
3710 Newx(sans_nuls, sans_nuls_len, char);
3713 /* Replace each NUL with the lowest collating control. Loop until have
3714 * exhausted all the NULs */
3715 while (s + s_strlen < e) {
3716 my_strlcat(sans_nuls, s, sans_nuls_len);
3718 /* Do the actual replacement */
3719 my_strlcat(sans_nuls, this_replacement_char, sans_nuls_len);
3721 /* Move past the input NUL */
3723 s_strlen = strlen(s);
3726 /* And add anything that trails the final NUL */
3727 my_strlcat(sans_nuls, s, sans_nuls_len);
3729 /* Switch so below we transform this modified string */
3732 } /* End of replacing NULs */
3734 /* Make sure the UTF8ness of the string and locale match */
3735 if (utf8 != PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale) {
3736 /* XXX convert above Unicode to 10FFFF? */
3737 const char * const t = s; /* Temporary so we can later find where the
3740 /* Here they don't match. Change the string's to be what the locale is
3743 if (! utf8) { /* locale is UTF-8, but input isn't; upgrade the input */
3744 s = (char *) bytes_to_utf8((const U8 *) s, &len);
3747 else { /* locale is not UTF-8; but input is; downgrade the input */
3749 s = (char *) bytes_from_utf8((const U8 *) s, &len, &utf8);
3751 /* If the downgrade was successful we are done, but if the input
3752 * contains things that require UTF-8 to represent, have to do
3753 * damage control ... */
3754 if (UNLIKELY(utf8)) {
3756 /* What we do is construct a non-UTF-8 string with
3757 * 1) the characters representable by a single byte converted
3758 * to be so (if necessary);
3759 * 2) and the rest converted to collate the same as the
3760 * highest collating representable character. That makes
3761 * them collate at the end. This is similar to how we
3762 * handle embedded NULs, but we use the highest collating
3763 * code point instead of the smallest. Like the NUL case,
3764 * this isn't perfect, but is the best we can reasonably
3765 * do. Every above-255 code point will sort the same as
3766 * the highest-sorting 0-255 code point. If that code
3767 * point can combine in a sequence with some other code
3768 * points for weight calculations, us changing something to
3769 * be it can adversely affect the results. But in most
3770 * cases, it should work reasonably. And note that this is
3771 * really an illegal situation: using code points above 255
3772 * on a locale where only 0-255 are valid. If two strings
3773 * sort entirely equal, then the sort order for the
3774 * above-255 code points will be in code point order. */
3778 /* If we haven't calculated the code point with the maximum
3779 * collating order for this locale, do so now */
3780 if (! PL_strxfrm_max_cp) {
3783 /* The current transformed string that collates the
3784 * highest (except it also includes the prefixed collation
3786 char * cur_max_x = NULL;
3788 /* Look through all legal code points (NUL isn't) */
3789 for (j = 1; j < 256; j++) {
3792 char cur_source[] = { '\0', '\0' };
3794 /* Create a 1-char string of the current code point */
3795 cur_source[0] = (char) j;
3797 /* Then transform it */
3798 x = _mem_collxfrm(cur_source, 1, &x_len, FALSE);
3800 /* If something went wrong (which it shouldn't), just
3801 * ignore this code point */
3806 /* If this character's transformation is higher than
3807 * the current highest, this one becomes the highest */
3808 if ( cur_max_x == NULL
3809 || strGT(x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
3810 cur_max_x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN))
3812 PL_strxfrm_max_cp = j;
3821 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3822 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't find any character to"
3823 " replace above-Latin1 chars in locale %s with",
3824 PL_collation_name));
3828 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3829 "_mem_collxfrm: highest 1-byte collating character"
3830 " in locale %s is 0x%02X\n",
3832 PL_strxfrm_max_cp));
3834 Safefree(cur_max_x);
3837 /* Here we know which legal code point collates the highest.
3838 * We are ready to construct the non-UTF-8 string. The length
3839 * will be at least 1 byte smaller than the input string
3840 * (because we changed at least one 2-byte character into a
3841 * single byte), but that is eaten up by the trailing NUL */
3847 char * e = (char *) t + len;
3849 for (i = 0; i < len; i+= UTF8SKIP(t + i)) {
3851 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(cur_char)) {
3854 else if (UTF8_IS_NEXT_CHAR_DOWNGRADEABLE(t + i, e)) {
3855 s[d++] = EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(cur_char, t[i+1]);
3857 else { /* Replace illegal cp with highest collating
3859 s[d++] = PL_strxfrm_max_cp;
3863 Renew(s, d, char); /* Free up unused space */
3868 /* Here, we have constructed a modified version of the input. It could
3869 * be that we already had a modified copy before we did this version.
3870 * If so, that copy is no longer needed */
3871 if (t != input_string) {
3876 length_in_chars = (utf8)
3877 ? utf8_length((U8 *) s, (U8 *) s + len)
3880 /* The first element in the output is the collation id, used by
3881 * sv_collxfrm(); then comes the space for the transformed string. The
3882 * equation should give us a good estimate as to how much is needed */
3883 xAlloc = COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN
3885 + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars);
3886 Newx(xbuf, xAlloc, char);
3887 if (UNLIKELY(! xbuf)) {
3888 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3889 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't malloc %zu bytes\n", xAlloc));
3893 /* Store the collation id */
3894 *(U32*)xbuf = PL_collation_ix;
3896 /* Then the transformation of the input. We loop until successful, or we
3900 *xlen = strxfrm(xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN, s, xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN);
3902 /* If the transformed string occupies less space than we told strxfrm()
3903 * was available, it means it successfully transformed the whole
3905 if (*xlen < xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN) {
3907 /* Some systems include a trailing NUL in the returned length.
3908 * Ignore it, using a loop in case multiple trailing NULs are
3911 && *(xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + (*xlen) - 1) == '\0')
3916 /* If the first try didn't get it, it means our prediction was low.
3917 * Modify the coefficients so that we predict a larger value in any
3918 * future transformations */
3920 STRLEN needed = *xlen + 1; /* +1 For trailing NUL */
3921 STRLEN computed_guess = PL_collxfrm_base
3922 + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars);
3924 /* On zero-length input, just keep current slope instead of
3926 const STRLEN new_m = (length_in_chars != 0)
3927 ? needed / length_in_chars
3930 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3931 "%s: %d: initial size of %zu bytes for a length "
3932 "%zu string was insufficient, %zu needed\n",
3934 computed_guess, length_in_chars, needed));
3936 /* If slope increased, use it, but discard this result for
3937 * length 1 strings, as we can't be sure that it's a real slope
3939 if (length_in_chars > 1 && new_m > PL_collxfrm_mult) {
3943 STRLEN old_m = PL_collxfrm_mult;
3944 STRLEN old_b = PL_collxfrm_base;
3948 PL_collxfrm_mult = new_m;
3949 PL_collxfrm_base = 1; /* +1 For trailing NUL */
3950 computed_guess = PL_collxfrm_base
3951 + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars);
3952 if (computed_guess < needed) {
3953 PL_collxfrm_base += needed - computed_guess;
3956 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3957 "%s: %d: slope is now %zu; was %zu, base "
3958 "is now %zu; was %zu\n",
3960 PL_collxfrm_mult, old_m,
3961 PL_collxfrm_base, old_b));
3963 else { /* Slope didn't change, but 'b' did */
3964 const STRLEN new_b = needed
3967 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3968 "%s: %d: base is now %zu; was %zu\n",
3970 new_b, PL_collxfrm_base));
3971 PL_collxfrm_base = new_b;
3978 if (UNLIKELY(*xlen >= PERL_INT_MAX)) {
3979 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3980 "_mem_collxfrm: Needed %zu bytes, max permissible is %u\n",
3981 *xlen, PERL_INT_MAX));
3985 /* A well-behaved strxfrm() returns exactly how much space it needs
3986 * (usually not including the trailing NUL) when it fails due to not
3987 * enough space being provided. Assume that this is the case unless
3988 * it's been proven otherwise */
3989 if (LIKELY(PL_strxfrm_is_behaved) && first_time) {
3990 xAlloc = *xlen + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + 1;
3992 else { /* Here, either:
3993 * 1) The strxfrm() has previously shown bad behavior; or
3994 * 2) It isn't the first time through the loop, which means
3995 * that the strxfrm() is now showing bad behavior, because
3996 * we gave it what it said was needed in the previous
3997 * iteration, and it came back saying it needed still more.
3998 * (Many versions of cygwin fit this. When the buffer size
3999 * isn't sufficient, they return the input size instead of
4000 * how much is needed.)
4001 * Increase the buffer size by a fixed percentage and try again.
4003 xAlloc += (xAlloc / 4) + 1;
4004 PL_strxfrm_is_behaved = FALSE;
4008 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
4009 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4010 "_mem_collxfrm required more space than previously calculated"
4011 " for locale %s, trying again with new guess=%d+%zu\n",
4012 PL_collation_name, (int) COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
4013 xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN);
4020 Renew(xbuf, xAlloc, char);
4021 if (UNLIKELY(! xbuf)) {
4022 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4023 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't realloc %zu bytes\n", xAlloc));
4033 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
4035 print_collxfrm_input_and_return(s, s + len, xlen, utf8);
4036 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Its xfrm is:");
4037 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s\n",
4038 _byte_dump_string((U8 *) xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
4044 /* Free up unneeded space; retain ehough for trailing NUL */
4045 Renew(xbuf, COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + *xlen + 1, char);
4047 if (s != input_string) {
4055 if (s != input_string) {
4062 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
4063 print_collxfrm_input_and_return(s, s + len, NULL, utf8);
4074 S_print_collxfrm_input_and_return(pTHX_
4075 const char * const s,
4076 const char * const e,
4077 const STRLEN * const xlen,
4081 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PRINT_COLLXFRM_INPUT_AND_RETURN;
4083 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm[%" UVuf "]: returning ",
4084 (UV)PL_collation_ix);
4086 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%zu", *xlen);
4089 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "NULL");
4091 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " for locale '%s', string='",
4093 print_bytes_for_locale(s, e, is_utf8);
4095 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "'\n");
4099 S_print_bytes_for_locale(pTHX_
4100 const char * const s,
4101 const char * const e,
4105 bool prev_was_printable = TRUE;
4106 bool first_time = TRUE;
4108 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PRINT_BYTES_FOR_LOCALE;
4112 ? utf8_to_uvchr_buf((U8 *) t, e, NULL)
4115 if (! prev_was_printable) {
4116 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " ");
4118 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%c", (U8) cp);
4119 prev_was_printable = TRUE;
4123 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " ");
4125 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%02" UVXf, cp);
4126 prev_was_printable = FALSE;
4128 t += (is_utf8) ? UTF8SKIP(t) : 1;
4133 # endif /* #ifdef DEBUGGING */
4134 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
4139 S_switch_category_locale_to_template(pTHX_ const int switch_category, const int template_category, const char * template_locale)
4141 /* Changes the locale for LC_'switch_category" to that of
4142 * LC_'template_category', if they aren't already the same. If not NULL,
4143 * 'template_locale' is the locale that 'template_category' is in.
4145 * Returns a copy of the name of the original locale for 'switch_category'
4146 * so can be switched back to with the companion function
4147 * restore_switched_locale(), (NULL if no restoral is necessary.) */
4149 char * restore_to_locale = NULL;
4151 if (switch_category == template_category) { /* No changes needed */
4155 /* Find the original locale of the category we may need to change, so that
4156 * it can be restored to later */
4157 restore_to_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(do_setlocale_r(switch_category,
4159 if (! restore_to_locale) {
4161 "panic: %s: %d: Could not find current %s locale, errno=%d\n",
4162 __FILE__, __LINE__, category_name(switch_category), errno);
4165 /* If the locale of the template category wasn't passed in, find it now */
4166 if (template_locale == NULL) {
4167 template_locale = do_setlocale_r(template_category, NULL);
4168 if (! template_locale) {
4170 "panic: %s: %d: Could not find current %s locale, errno=%d\n",
4171 __FILE__, __LINE__, category_name(template_category), errno);
4175 /* It the locales are the same, there's nothing to do */
4176 if (strEQ(restore_to_locale, template_locale)) {
4177 Safefree(restore_to_locale);
4179 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s locale unchanged as %s\n",
4180 category_name(switch_category), restore_to_locale));
4185 /* Finally, change the locale to the template one */
4186 if (! do_setlocale_r(switch_category, template_locale)) {
4188 "panic: %s: %d: Could not change %s locale to %s, errno=%d\n",
4189 __FILE__, __LINE__, category_name(switch_category),
4190 template_locale, errno);
4193 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s locale switched to %s\n",
4194 category_name(switch_category), template_locale));
4196 return restore_to_locale;
4200 S_restore_switched_locale(pTHX_ const int category, const char * const original_locale)
4202 /* Restores the locale for LC_'category' to 'original_locale' (which is a
4203 * copy that will be freed by this function), or do nothing if the latter
4204 * parameter is NULL */
4206 if (original_locale == NULL) {
4210 if (! do_setlocale_r(category, original_locale)) {
4212 "panic: %s: %d: setlocale %s restore to %s failed, errno=%d\n",
4214 category_name(category), original_locale, errno);
4217 Safefree(original_locale);
4221 Perl__is_cur_LC_category_utf8(pTHX_ int category)
4223 /* Returns TRUE if the current locale for 'category' is UTF-8; FALSE
4224 * otherwise. 'category' may not be LC_ALL. If the platform doesn't have
4225 * nl_langinfo(), nor MB_CUR_MAX, this employs a heuristic, which hence
4226 * could give the wrong result. The result will very likely be correct for
4227 * languages that have commonly used non-ASCII characters, but for notably
4228 * English, it comes down to if the locale's name ends in something like
4229 * "UTF-8". It errs on the side of not being a UTF-8 locale.
4231 * If the platform is early C89, not containing mbtowc(), or we are
4232 * compiled to not pay attention to LC_CTYPE, this employs heuristics.
4233 * These work very well for non-Latin locales or those whose currency
4234 * symbol isn't a '$' nor plain ASCII text. But without LC_CTYPE and at
4235 * least MB_CUR_MAX, English locales with an ASCII currency symbol depend
4236 * on the name containing UTF-8 or not. */
4238 /* Name of current locale corresponding to the input category */
4239 const char *save_input_locale = NULL;
4241 bool is_utf8 = FALSE; /* The return value */
4243 /* The variables below are for the cache of previous lookups using this
4244 * function. The cache is a C string, described at the definition for
4245 * 'C_and_POSIX_utf8ness'.
4247 * The first part of the cache is fixed, for the C and POSIX locales. The
4248 * varying part starts just after them. */
4249 char * utf8ness_cache = PL_locale_utf8ness + STRLENs(C_and_POSIX_utf8ness);
4251 Size_t utf8ness_cache_size; /* Size of the varying portion */
4252 Size_t input_name_len; /* Length in bytes of save_input_locale */
4253 Size_t input_name_len_with_overhead; /* plus extra chars used to store
4254 the name in the cache */
4255 char * delimited; /* The name plus the delimiters used to store
4257 char * name_pos; /* position of 'delimited' in the cache, or 0
4263 assert(category != LC_ALL);
4267 /* Get the desired category's locale */
4268 save_input_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(do_setlocale_r(category, NULL)));
4269 if (! save_input_locale) {
4271 "panic: %s: %d: Could not find current %s locale, errno=%d\n",
4272 __FILE__, __LINE__, category_name(category), errno);
4275 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4276 "Current locale for %s is %s\n",
4277 category_name(category), save_input_locale));
4279 input_name_len = strlen(save_input_locale);
4281 /* In our cache, each name is accompanied by two delimiters and a single
4283 input_name_len_with_overhead = input_name_len + 3;
4285 /* Allocate and populate space for a copy of the name surrounded by the
4287 Newx(delimited, input_name_len_with_overhead, char);
4288 delimited[0] = UTF8NESS_SEP[0];
4289 Copy(save_input_locale, delimited + 1, input_name_len, char);
4290 delimited[input_name_len+1] = UTF8NESS_PREFIX[0];
4291 delimited[input_name_len+2] = '\0';
4293 /* And see if that is in the cache */
4294 name_pos = instr(PL_locale_utf8ness, delimited);
4296 is_utf8 = *(name_pos + input_name_len_with_overhead - 1) - '0';
4300 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
4301 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "UTF8ness for locale %s=%d, \n",
4302 save_input_locale, is_utf8);
4307 /* And, if not already in that position, move it to the beginning of
4308 * the non-constant portion of the list, since it is the most recently
4309 * used. (We don't have to worry about overflow, since just moving
4310 * existing names around) */
4311 if (name_pos > utf8ness_cache) {
4312 Move(utf8ness_cache,
4313 utf8ness_cache + input_name_len_with_overhead,
4314 name_pos - utf8ness_cache, char);
4317 input_name_len_with_overhead - 1, char);
4318 utf8ness_cache[input_name_len_with_overhead - 1] = is_utf8 + '0';
4321 Safefree(delimited);
4322 Safefree(save_input_locale);