perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-1997, Larry Wall
   4  *
   5  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   6  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   7  *
   8  */
   9
  10 /*
  11  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  12  * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  13  */
  14
  15 %{
  16 #include "EXTERN.h"
  17 #include "perl.h"
  18
  19 static void
  20 dep(void)
  21 {
  22     deprecate("\"do\" to call subroutines");
  23 }
  24
  25 %}
  26
  27 %start prog
  28
  29 %{
  30 /* I sense a Big Blue pattern here... */
  31 #if !defined(OEMVS) && !defined(__OPEN_VM) && !defined(POSIX_BC)
  32 %}
  33
  34 %union {
  35     I32 ival;
  36     char *pval;
  37     OP *opval;
  38     GV *gvval;
  39 }
  40
  41 %{
  42 #endif /* !OEMVS && !__OPEN_VM && !POSIX_BC */
  43
  44 #ifdef USE_PURE_BISON
  45 #define YYLEX_PARAM (&yychar)
  46 #endif
  47 %}
  48
  49 %token <ival> '{' ')'
  50
  51 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
  52 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  53 %token <pval> LABEL
  54 %token <ival> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  55 %token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  56 %token <ival> LOOPEX DOTDOT
  57 %token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  58 %token <ival> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  59 %token <ival> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  60 %token LOCAL MY
  61
  62 %type <ival> prog decl local format startsub startanonsub startformsub
  63 %type <ival> remember mremember '&'
  64 %type <opval> block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  65 %type <opval> expr term scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  66 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr mtexpr miexpr
  67 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
  68 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
  69 %type <pval> label
  70
  71 %left <ival> OROP
  72 %left ANDOP
  73 %right NOTOP
  74 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
  75 %left ','
  76 %right <ival> ASSIGNOP
  77 %right '?' ':'
  78 %nonassoc DOTDOT
  79 %left OROR
  80 %left ANDAND
  81 %left <ival> BITOROP
  82 %left <ival> BITANDOP
  83 %nonassoc EQOP
  84 %nonassoc RELOP
  85 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
  86 %left <ival> SHIFTOP
  87 %left ADDOP
  88 %left MULOP
  89 %left <ival> MATCHOP
  90 %right '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
  91 %right <ival> POWOP
  92 %nonassoc PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
  93 %left ARROW
  94 %left '('
  95
  96 %% /* RULES */
  97
  98 prog    :       /* NULL */
  99                 {
 100 #if defined(YYDEBUG) && defined(DEBUGGING)
 101                     yydebug = (PL_debug & 1);
 102 #endif
 103                     PL_expect = XSTATE;
 104                 }
 105         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
 106                         { newPROG($2); }
 107         ;
 108
 109 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
 110                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)$1)
 111                               PL_copline = $1;
 112                           $$ = block_end($2, $3); }
 113         ;
 114
 115 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 116                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 117         ;
 118
 119 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 120                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)$1)
 121                               PL_copline = $1;
 122                           $$ = block_end($2, $3); }
 123         ;
 124
 125 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 126                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 127         ;
 128
 129 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 130                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 131         |       lineseq decl
 132                         { $$ = $1; }
 133         |       lineseq line
 134                         {   $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 135                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2);
 136                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 137                             if ($1 && $2) PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 138         ;
 139
 140 line    :       label cond
 141                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1, $2); }
 142         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 143         |       label ';'
 144                         { if ($1 != Nullch) {
 145                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1, newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 146                             }
 147                             else {
 148                               $$ = Nullop;
 149                               PL_copline = NOLINE;
 150                             }
 151                             PL_expect = XSTATE; }
 152         |       label sideff ';'
 153                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1, $2);
 154                           PL_expect = XSTATE; }
 155         ;
 156
 157 sideff  :       error
 158                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 159         |       expr
 160                         { $$ = $1; }
 161         |       expr IF expr
 162                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1); }
 163         |       expr UNLESS expr
 164                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1); }
 165         |       expr WHILE expr
 166                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1); }
 167         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 168                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);}
 169         |       expr FOR expr
 170                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, Nullch, $2,
 171                                         Nullop, $3, $1, Nullop); }
 172         ;
 173
 174 else    :       /* NULL */
 175                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 176         |       ELSE mblock
 177                         { $$ = scope($2); }
 178         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 179                         { PL_copline = $1;
 180                             $$ = newSTATEOP(0, Nullch,
 181                                    newCONDOP(0, $3, scope($5), $6));
 182                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 183         ;
 184
 185 cond    :       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 186                         { PL_copline = $1;
 187                             $$ = block_end($3,
 188                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7)); }
 189         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 190                         { PL_copline = $1;
 191                             $$ = block_end($3,
 192                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7)); }
 193         ;
 194
 195 cont    :       /* NULL */
 196                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 197         |       CONTINUE block
 198                         { $$ = scope($2); }
 199         ;
 200
 201 loop    :       label WHILE '(' remember mtexpr ')' mblock cont
 202                         { PL_copline = $2;
 203                             $$ = block_end($4,
 204                                    newSTATEOP(0, $1,
 205                                      newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 206                                                 $2, $5, $7, $8))); }
 207         |       label UNTIL '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock cont
 208                         { PL_copline = $2;
 209                             $$ = block_end($4,
 210                                    newSTATEOP(0, $1,
 211                                      newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 212                                                 $2, $5, $7, $8))); }
 213         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 214                         { $$ = block_end($4,
 215                                  newFOROP(0, $1, $2, $5, $7, $9, $10)); }
 216         |       label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 217                         { $$ = block_end($5,
 218                                  newFOROP(0, $1, $2, mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP),
 219                                           $6, $8, $9)); }
 220         |       label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 221                         { $$ = block_end($4,
 222                                  newFOROP(0, $1, $2, Nullop, $5, $7, $8)); }
 223         |       label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' mtexpr ';' mnexpr ')' mblock
 224                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 225                         { OP *forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 226                                         scalar($5),
 227                                         newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 228                                                    $2, scalar($7),
 229                                                    $11, scalar($9)));
 230                           PL_copline = $2;
 231                           $$ = block_end($4, newSTATEOP(0, $1, forop)); }
 232         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 233                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1,
 234                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 235                                             NOLINE, Nullop, $2, $3)); }
 236         ;
 237
 238 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 239                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 240         |       sideff
 241         ;
 242
 243 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 244                         { (void)scan_num("1"); $$ = yylval.opval; }
 245         |       expr
 246         ;
 247
 248 iexpr   :       expr
 249                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 250         ;
 251
 252 mexpr   :       expr
 253                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 254         ;
 255
 256 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 257                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 258         ;
 259
 260 mtexpr  :       texpr
 261                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 262         ;
 263
 264 miexpr  :       iexpr
 265                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 266         ;
 267
 268 label   :       /* empty */
 269                         { $$ = Nullch; }
 270         |       LABEL
 271         ;
 272
 273 decl    :       format
 274                         { $$ = 0; }
 275         |       subrout
 276                         { $$ = 0; }
 277         |       package
 278                         { $$ = 0; }
 279         |       use
 280                         { $$ = 0; }
 281         ;
 282
 283 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 284                         { newFORM($2, $3, $4); }
 285         ;
 286
 287 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 288         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = Nullop; }
 289         ;
 290
 291 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subbody
 292                         { newSUB($2, $3, $4, $5); }
 293         ;
 294
 295 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 296                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0); }
 297         ;
 298
 299 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 300                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON); }
 301         ;
 302
 303 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 304                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0); }
 305         ;
 306
 307 subname :       WORD    { STRLEN n_a; char *name = SvPV(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv,n_a);
 308                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 309                               || strEQ(name, "INIT"))
 310                               CvUNIQUE_on(PL_compcv);
 311                           $$ = $1; }
 312         ;
 313
 314 proto   :       /* NULL */
 315                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 316         |       THING
 317         ;
 318
 319 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 320         |       ';'     { $$ = Nullop; PL_expect = XSTATE; }
 321         ;
 322
 323 package :       PACKAGE WORD ';'
 324                         { package($2); }
 325         |       PACKAGE ';'
 326                         { package(Nullop); }
 327         ;
 328
 329 use     :       USE startsub
 330                         { CvUNIQUE_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 331                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 332                         { utilize($1, $2, $4, $5, $6); }
 333         ;
 334
 335 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 336                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
 337         |       expr OROP expr
 338                         { $$ = newLOGOP($2, 0, $1, $3); }
 339         |       argexpr
 340         ;
 341
 342 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 343                         { $$ = $1; }
 344         |       argexpr ',' term
 345                         { $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, $3); }
 346         |       term
 347         ;
 348
 349 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr
 350                         { $$ = convert($1, OPf_STACKED,
 351                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$2), $3) ); }
 352         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'
 353                         { $$ = convert($1, OPf_STACKED,
 354                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$3), $4) ); }
 355         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')'
 356                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 357                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 358                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 359                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3))); }
 360         |       METHOD indirob listexpr
 361                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 362                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 363                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 364                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1))); }
 365         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')'
 366                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 367                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 368                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 369                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1))); }
 370         |       LSTOP listexpr
 371                         { $$ = convert($1, 0, $2); }
 372         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'
 373                         { $$ = convert($1, 0, $3); }
 374         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block
 375                         { $3 = newANONSUB($2, 0, $3); }
 376                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP
 377                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 378                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 379                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $3, $5), $1)); }
 380         ;
 381
 382 method  :       METHOD
 383         |       scalar
 384         ;
 385
 386 term    :       term ASSIGNOP term
 387                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, $2, $3); }
 388         |       term POWOP term
 389                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 390         |       term MULOP term
 391                         {   if ($2 != OP_REPEAT)
 392                                 scalar($1);
 393                             $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, $1, scalar($3)); }
 394         |       term ADDOP term
 395                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 396         |       term SHIFTOP term
 397                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 398         |       term RELOP term
 399                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 400         |       term EQOP term
 401                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 402         |       term BITANDOP term
 403                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 404         |       term BITOROP term
 405                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 406         |       term DOTDOT term
 407                         { $$ = newRANGE($2, scalar($1), scalar($3));}
 408         |       term ANDAND term
 409                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
 410         |       term OROR term
 411                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3); }
 412         |       term '?' term ':' term
 413                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5); }
 414         |       term MATCHOP term
 415                         { $$ = bind_match($2, $1, $3); }
 416
 417         |       '-' term %prec UMINUS
 418                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2)); }
 419         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS
 420                         { $$ = $2; }
 421         |       '!' term
 422                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
 423         |       '~' term
 424                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));}
 425         |       REFGEN term
 426                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN)); }
 427         |       term POSTINC
 428                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 429                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC)); }
 430         |       term POSTDEC
 431                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 432                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC)); }
 433         |       PREINC term
 434                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 435                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC)); }
 436         |       PREDEC term
 437                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 438                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC)); }
 439         |       local term      %prec UNIOP
 440                         { $$ = localize($2,$1); }
 441         |       '(' expr ')'
 442                         { $$ = sawparens($2); }
 443         |       '(' ')'
 444                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
 445         |       '[' expr ']'                            %prec '('
 446                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2); }
 447         |       '[' ']'                                 %prec '('
 448                         { $$ = newANONLIST(Nullop); }
 449         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'                  %prec '('
 450                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2); }
 451         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'                               %prec '('
 452                         { $$ = newANONHASH(Nullop); }
 453         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto block                %prec '('
 454                         { $$ = newANONSUB($2, $3, $4); }
 455         |       scalar  %prec '('
 456                         { $$ = $1; }
 457         |       star '{' expr ';' '}'
 458                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3)); }
 459         |       star    %prec '('
 460                         { $$ = $1; }
 461         |       scalar '[' expr ']'     %prec '('
 462                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3)); }
 463         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']' %prec '('
 464                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 465                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 466                                         scalar($4));}
 467         |       term '[' expr ']'       %prec '('
 468                         { assertref($1); $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 469                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 470                                         scalar($3));}
 471         |       hsh     %prec '('
 472                         { $$ = $1; }
 473         |       ary     %prec '('
 474                         { $$ = $1; }
 475         |       arylen  %prec '('
 476                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
 477         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}' %prec '('
 478                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 479                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR; }
 480         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}'     %prec '('
 481                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 482                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 483                                         jmaybe($4));
 484                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR; }
 485         |       term '{' expr ';' '}'   %prec '('
 486                         { assertref($1); $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 487                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 488                                         jmaybe($3));
 489                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR; }
 490         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'       %prec '('
 491                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2); }
 492         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'    %prec '('
 493                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, Nullop); }
 494         |       ary '[' expr ']'        %prec '('
 495                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
 496                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
 497                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
 498                                         list($3),
 499                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE))); }
 500         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'    %prec '('
 501                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
 502                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
 503                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
 504                                         list($3),
 505                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
 506                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR; }
 507         |       THING   %prec '('
 508                         { $$ = $1; }
 509         |       amper
 510                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
 511         |       amper '(' ')'
 512                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
 513         |       amper '(' expr ')'
 514                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 515                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1))); }
 516         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr
 517                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 518                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2))); }
 519         |       DO term %prec UNIOP
 520                         { $$ = dofile($2); }
 521         |       DO block        %prec '('
 522                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2)); }
 523         |       DO WORD '(' ')'
 524                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
 525                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 526                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
 527                                 scalar(newCVREF(
 528                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
 529                                     scalar($2)
 530                                 )),Nullop)); dep();}
 531         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'
 532                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
 533                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 534                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
 535                                 $4,
 536                                 scalar(newCVREF(
 537                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
 538                                     scalar($2)
 539                                 )))); dep();}
 540         |       DO scalar '(' ')'
 541                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 542                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
 543                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), Nullop)); dep();}
 544         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'
 545                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 546                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
 547                                 $4,
 548                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();}
 549         |       term ARROW '(' ')'      %prec '('
 550                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 551                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1))); }
 552         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')' %prec '('
 553                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 554                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 555                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1)))); }
 556         |       LOOPEX
 557                         { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL);
 558                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 559         |       LOOPEX term
 560                         { $$ = newLOOPEX($1,$2); }
 561         |       NOTOP argexpr
 562                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
 563         |       UNIOP
 564                         { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
 565         |       UNIOP block
 566                         { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
 567         |       UNIOP term
 568                         { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
 569         |       UNIOPSUB term
 570                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 571                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
 572         |       FUNC0
 573                         { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
 574         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
 575                         { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
 576         |       FUNC0SUB
 577                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 578                                 scalar($1)); }
 579         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'
 580                         { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL); }
 581         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'
 582                         { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $3); }
 583         |       PMFUNC '(' term ')'
 584                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, Nullop); }
 585         |       PMFUNC '(' term ',' term ')'
 586                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, $5); }
 587         |       WORD
 588         |       listop
 589         ;
 590
 591 listexpr:       /* NULL */
 592                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 593         |       argexpr
 594                         { $$ = $1; }
 595         ;
 596
 597 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
 598                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 599         |       expr
 600                         { $$ = $1; }
 601         |       expr ','
 602                         { $$ = $1; }
 603         ;
 604
 605 local   :       LOCAL   { $$ = 0; }
 606         |       MY      { $$ = 1; }
 607         ;
 608
 609 my_scalar:      scalar
 610                         { PL_in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
 611         ;
 612
 613 amper   :       '&' indirob
 614                         { $$ = newCVREF($1,$2); }
 615         ;
 616
 617 scalar  :       '$' indirob
 618                         { $$ = newSVREF($2); }
 619         ;
 620
 621 ary     :       '@' indirob
 622                         { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
 623         ;
 624
 625 hsh     :       '%' indirob
 626                         { $$ = newHVREF($2); }
 627         ;
 628
 629 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
 630                         { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
 631         ;
 632
 633 star    :       '*' indirob
 634                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2); }
 635         ;
 636
 637 indirob :       WORD
 638                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
 639         |       scalar
 640                         { $$ = scalar($1);  }
 641         |       block
 642                         { $$ = scope($1); }
 643
 644         |       PRIVATEREF
 645                         { $$ = $1; }
 646         ;
 647
 648 %% /* PROGRAM */