4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
169 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
170 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
171 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
172 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
173 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
174 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
175 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
176 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
178 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
179 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
180 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
181 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
182 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
184 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
186 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
187 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
188 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
190 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
192 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
193 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
195 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
196 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
197 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
198 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
199 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
201 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
202 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
203 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
204 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
205 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
209 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
215 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
216 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
217 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
218 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
219 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
222 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
223 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
224 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
225 /* Remaining space is too small. */
227 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
229 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
230 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
232 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
233 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
234 slab->opslab_freed = o;
237 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
238 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
239 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
240 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
241 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
243 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
244 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
245 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
247 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
249 /* Create a new op slot */
250 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
251 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
252 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
253 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
254 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
256 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
262 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
264 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
266 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
268 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
269 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
270 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
271 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
272 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
273 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
274 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
275 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
280 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
284 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
286 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
288 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
289 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
290 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
291 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
292 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
293 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
294 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
297 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
301 # define Slab_to_rw(op) NOOP
304 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
305 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
308 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
312 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
315 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
318 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
320 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
322 PerlMemShared_free(op);
327 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
328 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
329 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
330 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
331 slab->opslab_freed = o;
332 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
333 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
337 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
340 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
341 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
344 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
351 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
355 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
356 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
357 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
358 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
359 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
361 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
363 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
364 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
366 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
367 perror("munmap failed");
371 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
377 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
382 size_t savestack_count = 0;
384 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
387 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
389 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
390 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
391 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
397 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
398 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
399 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
402 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
403 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
404 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
406 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
408 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
409 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
416 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
418 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
421 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
422 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
435 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
438 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
442 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
444 result = --o->op_targ;
447 result = --o->op_targ;
453 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
454 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
456 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
457 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
458 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
459 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
461 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
463 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
465 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
467 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
468 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
472 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
474 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
478 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
483 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
487 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
493 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
495 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
496 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
497 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
502 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
504 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
505 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
510 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
514 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
519 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
523 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
524 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
529 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
531 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
533 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
534 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
538 S_bad_type_gv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, GV *gv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
540 SV * const namesv = gv_ename(gv);
541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_GV;
543 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
544 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
548 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
550 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
553 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
554 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
555 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
557 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
560 /* "register" allocation */
563 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
567 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
571 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
572 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
575 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
577 assert(strlen(name) == len);
579 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
583 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
584 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
586 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
587 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
588 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
589 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
590 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
591 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
593 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
594 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
597 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
598 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
599 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
600 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
601 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
605 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
607 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
608 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
609 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
610 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
611 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
613 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
614 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
618 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
619 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
621 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
622 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
628 =for apidoc alloccopstash
630 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
631 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
638 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
640 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
641 bool found_slot = FALSE;
643 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
645 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
647 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
648 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
649 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
650 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
653 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
654 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
655 off = PL_stashpadmax;
656 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
659 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
664 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
665 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
668 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
676 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
681 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
683 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
684 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
685 may be freed before their parents. */
686 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
690 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
701 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
704 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
705 we maintain for reset(). */
706 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
716 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
717 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
721 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
723 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
724 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
729 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
732 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
734 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
735 * numbers etc even after null() */
736 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
742 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
749 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
754 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
757 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
762 switch (o->op_type) {
763 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
764 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
765 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
770 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
774 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
775 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
782 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
787 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
788 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
789 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
790 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
791 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
792 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
793 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
794 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
795 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
796 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
797 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
798 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
799 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
800 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
801 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
804 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
806 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
807 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
808 * may still exist on the pad */
809 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
810 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
813 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
814 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
817 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
820 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
824 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
827 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
828 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
831 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
832 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
833 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
834 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
837 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
847 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
852 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
853 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
855 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
856 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
857 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
860 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
861 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
865 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
866 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
870 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
874 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
875 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
876 * exist on the pad */
877 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
880 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
886 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
887 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
888 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
890 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
891 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
892 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
893 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
894 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
895 * happen before sv_clean_all
898 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
899 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
900 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
901 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
902 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
906 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
907 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
913 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
914 pad_free(o->op_targ);
920 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
925 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
926 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
927 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
931 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
934 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
936 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
938 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
939 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
941 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
942 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
947 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
948 array[i] = array[--count];
949 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
950 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
951 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
954 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
967 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
969 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
971 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
972 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
974 switch (kid->op_type) {
979 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
981 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
982 kid = kid->op_sibling;
988 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
994 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
998 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
999 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1000 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1004 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1007 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1012 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1015 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1019 /* Contextualizers */
1022 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1024 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1025 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1026 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1033 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1035 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1037 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1038 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1039 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1041 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1048 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1050 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1051 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1052 not be called directly.
1058 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1062 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1067 /* establish postfix order */
1068 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1071 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1074 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1075 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1076 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1090 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1092 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1094 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1101 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1105 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1107 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1108 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1109 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1110 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1112 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1113 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1114 of the conditional, not the last. */
1115 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1117 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1118 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1125 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1130 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1131 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1132 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1133 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1138 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1140 switch (o->op_type) {
1142 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1147 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1157 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1158 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1164 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1166 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1169 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1170 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1176 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1181 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1184 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1191 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1195 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1196 const char* useless = NULL;
1200 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1202 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1204 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1206 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1209 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1210 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1211 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1217 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1218 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1219 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1220 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1221 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1223 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1224 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1225 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1226 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1227 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1232 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1233 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1235 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1238 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1240 switch (o->op_type) {
1242 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1246 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1250 if (o->op_private == 4)
1275 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1294 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1295 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1300 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1325 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1326 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1327 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1331 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1332 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1334 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1336 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1338 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1342 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1343 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1344 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1347 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1351 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1352 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1356 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1363 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1364 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1365 useless = "a variable";
1370 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1371 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1373 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1374 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1375 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1376 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1378 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1379 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1380 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1381 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1383 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1384 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1386 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1388 pv_pretty(dsv, SvPVX_const(sv),
1389 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1391 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1392 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1393 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1395 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1396 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1399 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1402 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1406 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1407 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1411 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1412 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1416 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1417 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1421 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1422 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1427 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1430 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1433 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1434 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1437 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1439 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1442 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1443 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1444 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1447 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1450 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1452 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1455 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1456 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1457 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1459 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1460 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1461 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1473 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1474 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1475 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1477 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1479 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1481 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1482 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1491 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1496 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1503 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1514 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1525 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1526 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1527 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1528 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1531 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1532 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1539 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1541 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1543 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1550 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1555 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1556 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1557 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1558 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1563 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1564 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1566 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1569 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1571 switch (o->op_type) {
1574 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1579 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1587 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1589 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1590 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1591 return gen_constant_list(o);
1598 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1600 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1603 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1604 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1610 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1614 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1621 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1625 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1627 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1628 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1631 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1632 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1636 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1638 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1639 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1640 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1643 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1648 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1650 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1652 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1653 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1659 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1661 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1662 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1663 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1664 the tree thread-safe.
1669 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1671 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1674 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1682 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1684 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1686 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1688 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1689 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1691 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1692 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1693 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1694 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1695 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1696 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1697 finalize_op(prop_op);
1704 switch (o->op_type) {
1707 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1711 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1712 && ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1714 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1715 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1716 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1717 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1718 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1719 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1720 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1721 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1722 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1723 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1730 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1731 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1732 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1733 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1734 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1735 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1736 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1737 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1744 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1745 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1749 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1750 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1751 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1752 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1753 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1754 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1755 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1756 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1758 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1759 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1760 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1761 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1762 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1764 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1765 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1766 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1767 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1768 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1769 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1770 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1772 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1773 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1774 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1777 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1778 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1779 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1780 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1781 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1783 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1794 const char *key = NULL;
1797 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1800 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1801 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1802 if ((!SvIsCOW(sv = *svp))
1803 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1804 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1805 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1806 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1808 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
1812 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1815 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1816 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1818 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1819 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1821 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1822 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1824 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1825 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1826 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1827 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1828 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1829 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1830 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1842 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1844 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1845 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1846 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1847 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1849 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1850 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1852 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1853 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1854 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1856 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1857 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1858 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1860 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1866 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1867 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1869 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1870 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1872 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1873 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1874 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1875 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1876 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1877 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1879 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1880 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1881 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1882 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1883 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1884 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1885 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1886 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1893 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1894 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1901 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1903 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1909 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1911 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1912 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1913 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1914 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1917 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1918 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1919 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1921 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1922 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1928 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1932 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1935 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1938 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1939 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1944 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1946 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1948 switch (o->op_type) {
1953 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1957 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1958 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1959 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1960 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1961 poses, so we need it clear. */
1962 o->op_private &= ~1;
1963 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1964 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1965 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1968 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1969 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1970 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1971 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1972 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1973 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1974 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1977 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1978 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1981 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1982 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1984 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1985 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1986 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1987 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1989 while (kid->op_sibling)
1990 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1991 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1992 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1995 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1996 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1997 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1998 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2000 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2001 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2002 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2003 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2007 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2017 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2018 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2019 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2020 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2022 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2023 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2025 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2026 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2028 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2042 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2051 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2058 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2059 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2064 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2065 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2066 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2070 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2072 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2079 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2080 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2084 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2087 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2088 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2089 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2093 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2097 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2106 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2113 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2114 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2115 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2116 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2118 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2119 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2123 if (!type) /* local() */
2124 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2125 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2134 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2138 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2144 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2145 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2146 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2147 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2152 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2153 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2154 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2155 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2156 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2157 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2167 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2168 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2173 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2175 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2177 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2178 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2184 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2185 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2186 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2187 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2188 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2192 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2194 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2200 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2201 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2203 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2204 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2207 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2208 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2210 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2211 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2212 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2215 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2216 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2217 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2222 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2223 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2226 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2227 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2228 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2233 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2238 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2262 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2283 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2285 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2287 switch (o->op_type) {
2295 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2308 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2310 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2312 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2319 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2324 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2326 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2329 switch (o->op_type) {
2331 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2332 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2333 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2334 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2335 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2336 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2337 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2338 o->op_private &= ~1;
2340 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2341 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2342 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2344 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2350 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2351 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2354 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2355 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2356 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2359 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2360 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2361 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2363 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2370 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2373 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2374 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2375 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2381 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2386 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2388 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2392 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2393 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2394 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2395 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2397 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2407 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2409 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2419 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2424 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2426 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2427 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2428 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2430 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2431 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2433 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2437 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2439 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2440 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2441 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2442 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2443 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2450 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2453 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2455 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2457 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2458 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2460 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2461 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2463 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2464 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2466 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2467 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2468 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2469 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2471 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2476 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2479 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2480 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2482 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2487 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2488 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2489 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2491 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2492 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2493 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2494 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2495 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2496 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2498 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2499 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2502 /* Need package name for method call. */
2503 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2505 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2506 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2508 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2509 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2510 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2511 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2512 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2513 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2514 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2515 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2517 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2518 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2519 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2520 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2521 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2522 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2524 /* Combine the ops. */
2525 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2529 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2531 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2532 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2533 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2534 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2535 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2536 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2537 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2538 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2539 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2540 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2546 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2547 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2551 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2554 len = strlen(attrstr);
2558 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2560 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2561 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2562 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2563 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2564 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2568 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2569 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2570 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2571 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2572 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2573 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2574 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2579 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2583 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2585 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2587 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2591 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2592 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2596 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2598 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2599 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2601 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2603 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2605 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2606 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2607 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2609 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2611 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2613 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2614 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2615 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2616 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2617 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2618 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2619 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2622 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2625 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2628 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2630 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2632 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2634 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2637 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2640 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2641 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2643 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2644 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2646 stash = PL_curstash;
2647 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2649 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2650 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2652 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2657 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2661 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2663 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2665 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2666 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2668 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2678 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2680 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2681 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2682 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2685 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2686 which will mess up list assignment. */
2687 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2688 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2689 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2691 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2692 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2695 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2698 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2699 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2704 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2706 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2708 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2713 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2717 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2718 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2720 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2722 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2723 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2725 const char * const desc
2727 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2728 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2730 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2731 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2734 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2735 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2736 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2737 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2740 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2743 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2744 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2747 const char * const sample = (isary
2748 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2749 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2750 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2751 desc, sample, sample);
2755 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2756 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2757 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2759 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2762 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2763 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2765 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2766 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2767 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2769 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2770 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2771 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2772 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2773 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2775 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2777 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2780 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2781 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2782 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2783 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2784 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2785 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2786 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2789 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2790 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2792 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2794 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2798 return bind_match(type, left,
2799 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2803 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2807 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2811 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2813 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2814 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2815 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2816 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2817 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2818 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2825 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2829 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2830 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2831 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2832 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2834 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2836 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2837 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2838 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2839 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2842 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2843 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2845 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2850 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2856 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2858 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2859 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2860 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2861 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2868 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2871 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2873 pad_block_start(full);
2875 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2876 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2877 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2879 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2885 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2888 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2889 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2892 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2895 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2897 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2901 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2902 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2903 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2908 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2911 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2912 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2913 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2914 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2915 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2916 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2917 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2918 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2919 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2920 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2921 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2922 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2923 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2924 list of ops like this:
2948 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2949 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2950 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2951 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2952 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2953 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2954 if (kid == last) break;
2956 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2959 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2965 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2967 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2969 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2970 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2976 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2978 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2980 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2987 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2988 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2989 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2992 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2993 o->op_targ = offset;
2999 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3003 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3010 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3011 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3012 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3014 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3015 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3017 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3018 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3019 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3022 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3024 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3025 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3026 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3027 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3028 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3031 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3032 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3034 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3037 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3038 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3039 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3040 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3043 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3044 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3045 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3046 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3047 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3048 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3049 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3052 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3053 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3054 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3055 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3056 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3057 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3058 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3059 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3060 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3061 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3064 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3066 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3069 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3070 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3071 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3072 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3073 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3074 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3075 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3076 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3077 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3080 /* Register with debugger */
3082 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3086 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3088 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3095 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3099 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3101 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3102 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3103 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3110 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3111 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3112 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3114 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3117 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3118 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3122 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3123 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3126 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3128 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3134 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3135 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3136 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3138 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3140 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3150 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3151 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3152 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3157 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3159 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3161 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3163 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3164 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3169 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3170 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3172 I32 type = o->op_type;
3174 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3176 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3178 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3179 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3184 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3185 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3187 I32 type = o->op_type;
3189 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3191 /* integerize op. */
3192 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3195 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3198 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3199 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3200 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3206 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3211 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3216 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3217 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3223 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3238 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3239 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3243 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3244 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3247 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3248 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3250 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3251 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3252 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3259 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3262 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3263 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3265 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3266 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3267 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3269 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3271 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3277 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3278 old_next = o->op_next;
3282 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3283 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3285 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3286 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3287 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3288 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3289 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3290 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3291 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3292 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3299 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3300 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3302 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3303 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3304 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3307 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3310 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3311 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3316 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3317 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3319 o->op_next = old_next;
3323 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3324 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3325 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3326 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3327 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3328 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3331 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3332 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3333 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3335 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3336 delete_eval_scope();
3345 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3346 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3349 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3350 newop->op_folded = 1;
3352 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3360 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3364 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3367 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3368 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3370 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3373 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3376 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3377 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3378 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3379 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3381 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3382 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3383 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3384 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3385 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3386 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3387 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3389 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3398 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3401 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3402 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3403 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3405 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3407 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3408 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3410 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3411 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3412 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3413 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3417 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3418 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3419 o->op_flags |= flags;
3421 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3422 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3425 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3429 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3432 /* List constructors */
3435 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3437 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3438 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3439 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3440 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3441 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3442 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3448 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3456 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3457 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3459 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3462 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3463 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3465 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3466 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3468 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3473 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3475 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3476 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3477 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3478 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3479 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3480 the other is returned unchanged.
3486 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3494 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3495 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3497 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3498 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3500 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3501 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3502 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3505 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3506 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3508 while (mp->mad_next)
3510 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3513 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3516 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3517 last->op_madprop = 0;
3520 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3526 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3528 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3529 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3530 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3531 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3532 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3533 the other is returned unchanged.
3539 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3547 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3548 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3549 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3550 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3551 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3552 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3555 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3556 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3557 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3559 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3560 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3562 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3566 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3574 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3577 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3578 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3579 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3581 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3586 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3588 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3590 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3592 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3597 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3602 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3604 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3605 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3606 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3613 /* faked up qw list? */
3615 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3616 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3623 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3624 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3625 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3626 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3628 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3642 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3643 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3653 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3662 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3663 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3664 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3665 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3667 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3674 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3677 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3683 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3692 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3693 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3694 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3695 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3697 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3704 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3707 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3711 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3712 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3718 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3736 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3740 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3744 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3765 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3767 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3769 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3773 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3775 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3778 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3779 mp->mad_type = type;
3781 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3786 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3788 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3792 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3793 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3794 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3795 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3799 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3802 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3803 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3806 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3809 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3812 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3818 =head1 Optree construction
3820 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3822 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3823 empty list expression.
3829 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3831 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3835 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3837 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3838 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3844 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3846 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3847 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3848 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3849 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3850 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3856 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3861 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3863 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3865 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3866 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3869 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3873 else if (!first && last)
3876 first->op_sibling = last;
3877 listop->op_first = first;
3878 listop->op_last = last;
3879 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3880 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3881 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3882 listop->op_first = pushop;
3883 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3885 listop->op_last = pushop;
3888 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3892 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3894 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3895 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3896 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3903 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3908 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3909 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3910 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3913 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3914 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3915 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3916 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3918 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3919 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3920 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3921 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3924 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3925 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3927 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3928 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3929 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3933 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3935 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3936 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3937 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3938 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3939 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3940 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3941 of the constructed op tree.
3947 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3952 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3953 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3954 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3957 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3958 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3959 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3960 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3961 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3962 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3963 || type == OP_NULL );
3966 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3967 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3968 first = force_list(first);
3970 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3971 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3972 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3973 unop->op_first = first;
3974 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3975 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3976 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3980 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3984 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3986 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3987 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3988 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3989 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3990 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3991 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3992 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3998 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4003 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4004 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4006 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4009 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4011 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4012 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4013 binop->op_first = first;
4014 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4017 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4020 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4021 first->op_sibling = last;
4024 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4025 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4028 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4030 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4033 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4034 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4035 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4036 __attribute__pure__;
4037 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4039 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4041 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4043 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4045 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4051 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4054 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4057 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4058 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4060 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4063 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4064 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4070 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4071 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4072 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4075 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4077 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4080 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4083 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4085 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4086 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4088 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4089 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4103 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4104 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4107 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4111 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4114 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4116 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4120 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4121 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4122 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4123 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4127 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4130 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4132 transv = newSVpvs("");
4134 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4136 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4138 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4142 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4146 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4147 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4149 diff = val - nextmin;
4151 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4152 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4154 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4155 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4156 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4157 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4164 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4165 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4167 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4168 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4170 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4171 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4172 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4173 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4177 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4178 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4181 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4182 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4184 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4188 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4189 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4190 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4191 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4193 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4195 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4202 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4203 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4205 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4207 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4209 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4218 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4222 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4223 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4224 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4231 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4232 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4234 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4235 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4237 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4241 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4242 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4245 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4246 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4248 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4249 max = rfirst + diff;
4251 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4252 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4264 else if (max > 0xff)
4269 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4271 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4272 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4273 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4275 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4277 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4279 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4280 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4282 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4283 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4284 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4287 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4293 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4294 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4302 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4303 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4304 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4306 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4308 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4310 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4312 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4321 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4331 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4333 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4338 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4339 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4340 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4342 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4343 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4344 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4348 if (!rlen && !del) {
4351 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4353 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4354 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4356 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4358 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4359 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4361 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4367 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4368 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4375 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4376 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4377 } else if(rlen > tlen && !complement) {
4378 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4382 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4384 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4385 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4395 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4397 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4398 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4399 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4405 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4410 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4412 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4413 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4414 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4415 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4416 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4418 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4419 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4420 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4421 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4423 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4424 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4425 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4427 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4429 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4430 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4431 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4433 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4434 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4435 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4437 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4438 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4444 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4445 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4446 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4447 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4448 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4449 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4451 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4453 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4455 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4456 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4457 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4459 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4460 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4461 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4462 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4466 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4469 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4470 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4471 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4474 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4475 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4476 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4477 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4478 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4480 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4481 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4482 * the new sub was created
4486 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4491 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4493 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4494 bool is_compiletime;
4497 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4499 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4501 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4503 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4504 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4505 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4506 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4507 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4508 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4511 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4514 OP* const oe = expr;
4515 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4516 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4517 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4518 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4519 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4520 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4523 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4526 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4527 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4528 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4529 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4530 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4534 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4536 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4537 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4539 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4540 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4542 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4546 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4551 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub;
4552 * also, mark any arrays as LIST/REF */
4554 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4556 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4558 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4559 assert( !(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4560 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4561 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4562 o->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4566 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4568 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4571 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4572 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4574 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4575 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_sibling);
4576 o->op_next = leaveop->op_first->op_sibling;
4578 assert(leaveop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4579 assert(leaveop->op_last->op_next == (OP*)leaveop);
4580 leaveop->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4581 op_null((OP*)leaveop);
4585 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4586 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4587 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4588 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4591 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4592 * the op_next chain */
4595 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4599 else if (expr->op_type == OP_PADAV || expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4600 assert( !(expr->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4601 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4602 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4603 expr->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4606 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4608 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4610 if (is_compiletime) {
4611 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4612 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4614 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4615 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4617 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4618 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4620 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4621 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4622 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4623 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4624 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4625 * regex was parsed */
4626 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4627 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4628 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4630 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4635 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4636 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4637 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4638 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4641 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4647 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4648 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4651 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4654 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4656 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4657 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4658 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4659 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4660 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4661 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4663 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4664 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4665 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4666 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4668 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4669 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4670 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4671 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4674 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4679 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4681 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4683 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4688 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4689 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4690 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4693 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4694 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_SPLIT;
4696 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4697 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4698 * preceding stacking ops;
4699 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4701 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4702 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4704 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4705 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4706 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4707 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4708 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4709 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4710 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4714 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4716 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4718 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4719 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4723 * ------ -------------------
4724 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4725 * pushmark (for entersub)
4726 * pushmark (for refgen)
4730 * regcreset regcreset
4732 * const("a") const("a")
4734 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4739 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4740 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4741 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4742 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4743 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4744 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4746 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4749 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4750 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4751 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4752 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4753 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4754 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4755 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4756 rcop->op_private = 0;
4758 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4760 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4761 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4763 /* establish postfix order */
4764 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4766 rcop->op_next = expr;
4767 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4770 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4771 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4774 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4780 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4781 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4782 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4784 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4785 the implicit do{}. */
4786 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4787 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4788 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4789 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4790 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4791 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4792 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4794 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)
4796 else if (( (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4797 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4798 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4799 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
4800 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first
4801 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV )
4802 || curop->op_type == OP_PADSV
4803 || curop->op_type == OP_PADAV
4804 || curop->op_type == OP_PADHV
4805 || curop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4813 || !RX_PRELEN(PM_GETRE(pm))
4814 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4816 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4817 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4820 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4821 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4822 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];