5 [ this is a template for a new perldelta file. Any text flagged as
6 XXX needs to be processed before release. ]
8 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.15.5
12 This document describes differences between the 5.15.4 release and
15 If you are upgrading from an earlier release such as 5.15.3, first read
16 L<perl5154delta>, which describes differences between 5.15.3 and
19 =head1 Core Enhancements
21 =head2 More consistent C<eval>
23 The C<eval> operator sometimes treats a string argument as a sequence of
24 characters and sometimes as a sequence of bytes, depending on the internal
25 encoding. The internal encoding is not supposed to make any difference,
26 but there is code that relies on this inconsistency.
28 Under C<use v5.15> and higher, the C<unicode_eval> and C<evalbytes>
29 features resolve this. The C<unicode_eval> feature causes C<eval $string>
30 to treat the string always as Unicode. The C<evalbytes> features provides
31 a function, itself called C<evalbytes>, which evaluates its argument always
34 These features also fix oddities with source filters leaking to outer
37 See L<feature> for more detail.
41 The C<$[> variable is back again, but is now implemented as a module, so
42 programs that do not mention it (i.e., most of them), will not incur any
43 run-time penalty. In a later release in the 5.15 branch it might be
44 disabled in the scope of C<use v5.16>.
46 The new implementation has some bug fixes. See L<arybase>.
50 =item Privileges are now set correctly when assigning to C<$(>
52 A hypothetical bug (probably non-exploitable in practice) due to the
53 incorrect setting of the effective group ID while setting C<$(> has been
54 fixed. The bug would only have affected systems that have C<setresgid()>
55 but not C<setregid()>, but no such systems are known of.
57 =head1 Incompatible Changes
59 =head2 Certain deprecated Unicode properties are no longer supported by default
61 Perl should never have exposed certain Unicode properties that are used
62 by Unicode internally and not meant to be publicly available. Use of
63 these has generated deprecated warning messages since Perl 5.12. The
64 removed properties are Other_Alphabetic,
65 Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point, Other_Grapheme_Extend,
66 Other_ID_Continue, Other_ID_Start, Other_Lowercase, Other_Math, and
69 Perl may be recompiled to include any or all of them; instructions are
71 L<perluniprops/Unicode character properties that are NOT accepted by Perl>.
73 =head2 Dereferencing IO thingies as typeglobs
75 The C<*{...}> operator, when passed a reference to an IO thingy (as in
76 C<*{*STDIN{IO}}>), creates a new typeglob containing just that IO object.
78 Previously, it would stringify as an empty string, but some operators would
79 treat it as undefined, producing an "uninitialized" warning.
81 Having a typeglob appear as an empty string is a side effect of the
82 implementation that has caused various bugs over the years.
84 The solution was to make it stringify like a normal anonymous typeglob,
85 like those produced by C<open($foo->{bar}, ...)> [perl #96326].
89 =head2 Don't read the Unicode data base files in F<lib/unicore>
91 It is now deprecated to directly read the Unicode data base files.
92 These are stored in the F<lib/unicore> directory. Instead, you should
93 use the new functions in L<Unicode::UCD>. These provide a stable API,
94 and give complete information. (This API is, however, subject to change
95 somewhat during the 5.15 development cycle, as we gain experience and
96 get feedback from using it.)
98 Perl may at some point in the future change or remove the files. The
99 file most likely for applications to have used is F<lib/unicore/ToDigit.pl>.
100 L<Unicode::UCD/prop_invmap()> can be used to get at its data instead.
102 =head1 Performance Enhancements
108 Due to changes in L<File::Glob>, Perl's C<glob> function and its
109 C<< <...> >> equivalent are now much faster. The splitting of the pattern
110 into words has been rewritten in C, resulting in speed-ups of 20% in some
113 This does not affect VMS, as it does not use File::Glob.
117 =head1 Modules and Pragmata
119 =head2 New Modules and Pragmata
125 L<arybase> -- this new module implements the C<$[> variable.
129 =head2 Updated Modules and Pragmata
135 L<Archive::Extract> has been upgraded from version 0.56 to version 0.58.
139 L<B::Concise> has been upgraded from version 0.86 to version 0.87.
143 L<B::Deparse> has been upgraded from version 1.08 to version 1.09.
145 It now correctly deparses C<CORE::do>, C<CORE::glob> and slices of empty
150 L<CGI> has been upgraded from version 3.55 to version 3.58.
152 Use public and documented FCGI.pm API in CGI::Fast
153 CGI::Fast was using an FCGI API that was deprecated and removed from
154 documentation more than ten years ago. Usage of this deprecated API with
155 FCGI >= 0.70 or FCGI <= 0.73 introduces a security issue.
156 L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=68380>
157 L<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2011-2766>
161 L<charnames> has been upgraded from version 1.23 to version 1.24.
165 L<Compress::Raw::Bzip2> has been upgraded from version 2.037 to version 2.042.
169 L<Compress::Raw::Zlib> has been upgraded from version 2.037 to version 2.042.
173 L<Compress::Zlib> has been upgraded from version 2.037 to version 2.042.
177 L<CPANPLUS> has been upgraded from version 0.9111 to version 0.9112.
181 L<CPANPLUS::Dist::Build> has been upgraded from version 0.58 to version 0.60.
185 L<Digest::SHA> has been upgraded from version 5.62 to version 5.63.
187 Added code to allow very large data inputs all at once, which had previously been
188 limited to several hundred megabytes at a time
192 L<Errno> has been upgraded from version 1.14 to version 1.15.
194 Choosing an archname containing a @, $ or % character no longer results in
195 unintended interpolation in Errno's architecture check.
199 L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> has been upgraded from version 6.61_01 to version 6.63_02.
203 L<feature> has been upgraded from version 1.22 to version 1.23.
207 L<File::DosGlob> has been upgraded from version 1.05 to version 1.06.
211 L<File::Glob> has been upgraded from version 1.13 to version 1.14.
213 It has a new C<:bsd_glob> export tag, intended to replace C<:glob>. Like
214 C<:glob> it overrides C<glob> with a function that does not split the glob
215 pattern into words, but, unlike C<:glob>, it iterates properly in scalar
216 context, instead of returning the last file.
218 There are other changes affecting Perl's own C<glob> operator (which uses
219 File::Glob internally, except on VMS). See L</Performance Enhancements>
220 and L</Selected Bug Fixes>.
224 L<HTTP::Tiny> has been upgraded from version 0.013 to version 0.016.
226 Adds additional shorthand methods for all common HTTP verbs,
227 a C<post_form()> method for POST-ing x-www-form-urlencoded data and
228 a C<www_form_urlencode()> utility method.
232 L<Opcode> has been upgraded from version 1.20 to version 1.21.
236 L<perlfaq> has been upgraded from version 5.0150035 to version 5.0150036.
240 L<Socket> as been upgraded from version 1.94_01 to 1.94_02.
242 It has new functions and constants for handling IPv6 sockets:
258 L<Storable> has been upgraded from version 2.32 to 2.33.
260 The ability to add a fake entry to %INC to prevent Log::Agent from loading
261 has been restored. In version 2.27 (included with perl 5.14.0), Storable
262 starting producing an error instead.
266 L<strict> has been upgraded from version 1.04 to version 1.05.
270 L<Unicode::Collate> has been upgraded from version 0.80 to version 0.85.
272 Locales updated to CLDR 2.0: mk, mt, nb, nn, ro, ru, sk, sr, sv, uk,
273 zh__pinyin, zh__stroke
274 Newly supported locales: bn, fa, ml, mr, or, pa, sa, si, si__dictionary,
275 sr_Latn, sv__reformed, ta, te, th, ur, wae.
279 L<Unicode::UCD> has been upgraded from version 0.36 to version 0.37.
281 This adds four new functions: C<prop_aliases()>, and
282 C<prop_value_aliases()> which are used to find all the Unicode-approved
283 synonyms for property names, or to convert from one name to another;
284 C<prop_invlist> which returns all the code points matching a given
285 Unicode binary property; and C<prop_invmap> which returns the complete
286 specification of a given Unicode property.
290 L<UNIVERSAL> has been upgraded from version 1.09 to version 1.10.
296 The following additions or changes have been made to diagnostic output,
297 including warnings and fatal error messages. For the complete list of
298 diagnostic messages, see L<perldiag>.
300 =head2 New Diagnostics
308 L<Source filters apply only to byte streams|perldiag/"Source filters apply only to byte streams">
310 This new error occurs when you try to activate a source filter (usually by
311 loading a source filter module) within a string passed to C<eval> under the
312 C<unicode_eval> feature.
316 L<That use of $[ is unsupported|perldiag/"That use of $[ is unsupported">
318 This previously removed error has been restored with the re-implementation
319 of C<$[> as a module.
329 L<length() used on %s|perldiag/length() used on %s>
331 This new warning occurs when C<length> is used on an array or hash, instead
332 of C<scalar(@array)> or C<scalar(keys %hash)>.
336 L<$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)|perldiag/"$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)">
338 This new warning exists to catch the mistaken use of C<$[> in version
339 checks. C<$]>, not C<$[>, contains the version number. C<$[> in a numeric
340 comparison is almost always wrong.
344 <Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated|perldiag/"Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated">
346 This previously removed warning has been restored with the re-implementation
347 of C<$[> as a module.
351 =head2 Changes to Existing Diagnostics
357 The uninitialized warning for C<y///r> when C<$_> is implicit and undefined
358 now mentions the variable name, just like the non-/r variation of the
363 The "Applying pattern match..." or similar warning produced when an array
364 or hash is on the left-hand side of the C<=~> operator now mentions the
365 name of the variable.
369 =head1 Configuration and Compilation
375 F<pod/buildtoc>, used by the build process to build L<perltoc>, has been
376 refactored and simplified. It now only contains code to build L<perltoc>;
377 the code to regenerate Makefiles has been moved to F<Porting/pod_rules.pl>.
378 It's a bug if this change has any material effect on the build process.
382 =head1 Platform Support
384 =head2 Platform-Specific Notes
390 Numerous build and test failures on GNU/Hurd have been resolved with hints
391 for building DBM modules, detection of the library search path, and enabling
392 of large file support.
396 Perl is now built with dynamic linking on OpenVOS, the minimum supported
397 version of which is now Release 17.1.0.
401 The CC workshop C++ compiler is now detected and used on systems that ship
406 =head1 Internal Changes
412 C<PL_curstash> is now reference-counted.
416 =head1 Selected Bug Fixes
422 Perl now holds an extra reference count on the package that code is
423 currently compiling in. This means that the following code no longer crashes [perl #101486]:
426 BEGIN {*Foo:: = *Bar::}
431 F<dumpvar.pl>, and consequently the C<x> command in the debugger, have been
432 fixed to handle objects blessed into classes whose names contain "=". The
433 contents of such objects used not to be dumped [perl #101814].
437 The C<x> repetition operator no longer crashes on 64-bit builds with large
438 repeate counts [perl #94560].
442 A fix to C<glob> under miniperl (used to configure modules when perl itself
443 is built) in Perl 5.15.3 stopped C<< <~> >> from returning the home
444 directory, because it cleared %ENV before calling csh. Now C<$ENV{HOME}>
445 is preserved. This fix probably does not affect anything. If
446 L<File::Glob> fails to load for some reason, Perl reverts to using csh.
447 So it would apply in that case.
451 On OSes other than VMS, Perl's C<glob> operator (and the C<< <...> >> form)
452 use L<File::Glob> underneath. L<File::Glob> splits the pattern into words,
453 before feeding each word to its C<bsd_glob> function.
455 There were several inconsistencies in the way the split was done. Now
456 quotation marks (' and ") are always treated as shell-style word delimiters
457 (that allow whitespace as part of a word) and backslashes are always
458 preserved, unless they exist to escape quotation marks. Before, those
459 would only sometimes be the case, depending on whether the pattern
460 contained whitespace. Also, escaped whitespace at the end of the pattern
461 is no longer stripped [perl #40470].
465 C<CORE::glob> now works as a way to call the default globbing function. It
466 used to respect overrides, despite the C<CORE::> prefix.
470 In 5.14, C</[[:lower:]]/i> and C</[[:upper:]]/i> no longer matched the
471 opposite case. This has been fixed [perl #101970].
475 A regular expression match with an overloaded object on the right-hand side
476 would in some cases stringify the object too many times.
480 The C-level C<pregcomp> function could become confused as to whether the
481 pattern was in UTF8 if the pattern was an overloaded, tied, or otherwise
482 magical scalar [perl #101940].
486 A regression has been fixed that was introduced in 5.14, in C</i>
487 regular expression matching, in which a match improperly fails if the
488 pattern is in UTF-8, the target string is not, and a Latin-1 character
489 precedes a character in the string that should match the pattern. [perl
494 C<@{"..."} = reverse ...> started crashing in 5.15.3. This has been fixed.
498 C<ref> in a tainted expression started producing an "sv_upgrade" error in
499 5.15.4. This has been fixed.
503 Weak references to lexical hashes going out of scope were not going stale
504 (becoming undefined), but continued to point to the hash.
508 Weak references to lexical variables going out of scope are now broken
509 before any magical methods (e.g., DESTROY on a tie object) are called.
510 This prevents such methods from modifying the variable that will be seen
511 the next time the scope is entered.
515 A C<keys> optimisation in Perl 5.12.0 to make it faster on empty hashes
516 caused C<each> not to reset the iterator if called after the last element
517 was deleted. This has been fixed.
521 The C<#line 42 foo> directive used not to update the arrays of lines used
522 by the debugger if it occurred in a string eval. This was partially fixed
523 in 5.14, but it only worked for a single C<#line 42 foo> in each eval. Now
524 it works for multiple.
528 String eval used not to localise C<%^H> when compiling its argument if it
529 was empty at the time the C<eval> call itself was compiled. This could
530 lead to scary side effects, like C<use re "/m"> enabling other flags that
531 the surrounding code was trying to enable for its caller [perl #68750].
535 Creating a BEGIN block from XS code (via C<newXS> or C<newATTRSUB>) would,
536 on completion, make the hints of the current compiling code the current
537 hints. This could cause warnings to occur in a non-warning scope.
541 C<eval $string> and C<require> no longer localise hints (C<$^H> and C<%^H>)
542 at run time, but only during compilation of the $string or required file.
543 This makes C<BEGIN { $^H{foo}=7 }> equivalent to
544 C<BEGIN { eval '$^H{foo}=7' }> [perl #70151].
548 When subroutine calls are intercepted by the debugger, the name of the
549 subroutine or a reference to it is stored in C<$DB::sub>, for the debugger
550 to access. In some cases (such as C<$foo = *bar; undef *bar; &$foo>)
551 C<$DB::sub> would be set to a name that could not be used to find the
552 subroutine, and so the debugger's attempt to call it would fail. Now the
553 check to see whether a reference is needed is more robust, so those
554 problems should not happen anymore [rt.cpan.org #69862].
558 Localising a tied scalar that returns a typeglob no longer stops it from
559 being tied till the end of the scope.
563 When C<open> is called with three arguments, the third being a file handle
564 (as in C<< open $fh, ">&", $fh2 >>), if the third argument is tied or a
565 reference to a tied variable, FETCH is now called exactly once, instead of
566 0, 2, or 3 times (all of which could occur in various circumstances).
570 C<sort> no longer ignores FETCH when passed a reference to a tied glob for
571 the comparison routine.
575 Warnings emitted by C<sort> when a custom comparison routine returns a
576 non-numeric value now show the line number of the C<sort> operator, rather
577 than the last line of the comparison routine. The warnings also occur now
578 only if warnings are enabled in the scope where C<sort> occurs. Previously
579 the warnings would occur if enabled in the comparison routine's scope.
583 C<Internals::SvREFCNT> now behaves consistently in 'get' and 'set' scenarios
584 [perl #103222] and also treats the reference count as unsigned.
588 =head1 Acknowledgements
590 XXX Generate this with:
592 perl Porting/acknowledgements.pl v5.15.4..HEAD
594 =head1 Reporting Bugs
596 If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles
597 recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl
598 bug database at http://rt.perl.org/perlbug/ . There may also be
599 information at http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page.
601 If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the L<perlbug>
602 program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down
603 to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the
604 output of C<perl -V>, will be sent off to perlbug@perl.org to be
605 analysed by the Perl porting team.
607 If the bug you are reporting has security implications, which make it
608 inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then please send
609 it to perl5-security-report@perl.org. This points to a closed subscription
610 unarchived mailing list, which includes
611 all the core committers, who will be able
612 to help assess the impact of issues, figure out a resolution, and help
613 co-ordinate the release of patches to mitigate or fix the problem across all
614 platforms on which Perl is supported. Please only use this address for
615 security issues in the Perl core, not for modules independently
620 The F<Changes> file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details
623 The F<INSTALL> file for how to build Perl.
625 The F<README> file for general stuff.
627 The F<Artistic> and F<Copying> files for copyright information.