4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
26 * is made, called opmini.c.
28 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OP nodes. Each op contains:
29 * * structural OP pointers to its children and siblings (op_sibling,
30 * op_first etc) that define the tree structure;
31 * * execution order OP pointers (op_next, plus sometimes op_other,
32 * op_lastop etc) that define the execution sequence plus variants;
33 * * a pointer to the C "pp" function that would execute the op;
34 * * any data specific to that op.
35 * For example, an OP_CONST op points to the pp_const() function and to an
36 * SV containing the constant value. When pp_const() is executed, its job
37 * is to push that SV onto the stack.
39 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
40 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
41 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
42 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
44 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
46 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
49 * As the parser reduces low-level rules, it creates little op subtrees;
50 * as higher-level rules are resolved, these subtrees get joined together
51 * as branches on a bigger subtree, until eventually a top-level rule like
52 * a subroutine definition is reduced, at which point there is one large
55 * The execution order pointers (op_next) are generated as the subtrees
56 * are joined together. Consider this sub-expression: A*B + C/D: at the
57 * point when it's just been parsed, the op tree looks like:
65 * with the intended execution order being:
67 * [PREV] => A => B => [*] => C => D => [/] => [+] => [NEXT]
69 * At this point all the nodes' op_next pointers will have been set,
71 * * we don't know what the [NEXT] node will be yet;
72 * * we don't know what the [PREV] node will be yet, but when it gets
73 * created and needs its op_next set, it needs to be set to point to
74 * A, which is non-obvious.
75 * To handle both those cases, we temporarily set the top node's
76 * op_next to point to the first node to be executed in this subtree (A in
77 * this case). This means that initially a subtree's op_next chain,
78 * starting from the top node, will visit each node in execution sequence
79 * then point back at the top node.
80 * When we embed this subtree in a larger tree, its top op_next is used
81 * to get the start node, then is set to point to its new neighbour.
82 * For example the two separate [*],A,B and [/],C,D subtrees would
84 * [*] => A; A => B; B => [*]
86 * [/] => C; C => D; D => [/]
87 * When these two subtrees were joined together to make the [+] subtree,
88 * [+]'s op_next was set to [*]'s op_next, i.e. A; then [*]'s op_next was
89 * set to point to [/]'s op_next, i.e. C.
91 * This op_next linking is done by the LINKLIST() macro and its underlying
92 * op_linklist() function. Given a top-level op, if its op_next is
93 * non-null, it's already been linked, so leave it. Otherwise link it with
94 * its children as described above, possibly recursively if any of the
95 * children have a null op_next.
97 * In summary: given a subtree, its top-level node's op_next will either
99 * NULL: the subtree hasn't been LINKLIST()ed yet;
100 * fake: points to the start op for this subtree;
101 * real: once the subtree has been embedded into a larger tree
106 Here's an older description from Larry.
108 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
112 An execution-order pass
114 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
115 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
116 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
117 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
118 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
119 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
120 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
123 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
124 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
125 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
126 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
127 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
128 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
129 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
130 it's still not the real execution order.
132 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
133 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
134 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
135 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
136 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
139 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
140 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
141 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
142 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
143 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
144 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
145 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
146 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
147 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
148 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
149 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
150 than the entire %^H on each COP.
152 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
153 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
154 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
155 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
156 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
157 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
158 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
164 #include "keywords.h"
168 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
169 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
170 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
172 static const char array_passed_to_stat[] = "Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar";
174 /* Used to avoid recursion through the op tree in scalarvoid() and
178 #define DEFERRED_OP_STEP 100
179 #define DEFER_OP(o) \
181 if (UNLIKELY(defer_ix == (defer_stack_alloc-1))) { \
182 defer_stack_alloc += DEFERRED_OP_STEP; \
183 assert(defer_stack_alloc > 0); \
184 Renew(defer_stack, defer_stack_alloc, OP *); \
186 defer_stack[++defer_ix] = o; \
189 #define POP_DEFERRED_OP() (defer_ix >= 0 ? defer_stack[defer_ix--] : (OP *)NULL)
191 /* remove any leading "empty" ops from the op_next chain whose first
192 * node's address is stored in op_p. Store the updated address of the
193 * first node in op_p.
197 S_prune_chain_head(OP** op_p)
200 && ( (*op_p)->op_type == OP_NULL
201 || (*op_p)->op_type == OP_SCOPE
202 || (*op_p)->op_type == OP_SCALAR
203 || (*op_p)->op_type == OP_LINESEQ)
205 *op_p = (*op_p)->op_next;
209 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
211 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
212 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
213 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
214 # include <sys/mman.h>
217 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
218 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
220 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
221 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
224 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
225 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
226 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
229 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
231 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
232 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
233 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
234 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
235 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
236 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
237 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
238 perror("mmap failed");
241 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
243 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
246 /* The context is unused in non-Windows */
249 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
253 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
254 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
256 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
260 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
268 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
269 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
270 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
271 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
272 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
273 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
274 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
275 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
277 o = (OP*)PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
281 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
282 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
283 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
284 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
285 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
287 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
289 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
290 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
291 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
293 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
295 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
296 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
298 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
299 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
300 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
301 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
302 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
304 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", (void*)o, (void*)slab));
305 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
306 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
307 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
308 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", (void*)o)); }
312 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
318 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
319 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
320 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
321 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
322 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
325 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
326 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
327 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
328 /* Remaining space is too small. */
330 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
332 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
333 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
335 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
336 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
337 slab->opslab_freed = o;
340 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
341 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
342 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
343 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
344 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
346 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
347 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
348 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
350 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
352 /* Create a new op slot */
353 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
354 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
355 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
356 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
357 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
359 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", (void*)o, (void*)slab));
362 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
363 /* moresib == 0, op_sibling == 0 implies a solitary unattached op */
364 assert(!o->op_moresib);
365 assert(!o->op_sibparent);
373 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
375 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
379 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
380 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
381 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
382 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
383 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
384 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
385 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
386 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
391 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
395 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
397 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
399 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
400 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
401 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
402 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
403 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
404 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
405 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
408 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
412 # define Slab_to_rw(op) NOOP
415 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
416 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
419 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
423 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
425 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
428 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
430 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
432 PerlMemShared_free(op);
437 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
438 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
439 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
440 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
441 slab->opslab_freed = o;
442 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", (void*)o, (void*)slab));
443 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
447 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
449 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
450 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
453 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
460 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
465 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", (void*)slab));
466 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
468 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
470 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
472 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
473 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
475 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
476 perror("munmap failed");
480 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
487 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
492 size_t savestack_count = 0;
494 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
497 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
499 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
500 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
501 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
507 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
508 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
509 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
512 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
513 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
514 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
516 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
518 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
519 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
526 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
528 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
531 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
532 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
545 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
548 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
550 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
552 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
554 result = --o->op_targ;
557 result = --o->op_targ;
563 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
564 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
566 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
567 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
568 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
569 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
571 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
573 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
575 #define OpTYPE_set(o,type) \
577 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
578 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
582 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
584 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
586 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
592 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
594 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
595 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
600 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
602 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
604 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
609 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const OP *o, const OP *kid)
611 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
613 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
614 (int)n, PL_op_desc[(o)->op_type], t, OP_DESC(kid)), 0);
617 /* remove flags var, its unused in all callers, move to to right end since gv
618 and kid are always the same */
620 S_bad_type_gv(pTHX_ I32 n, GV *gv, const OP *kid, const char *t)
622 SV * const namesv = cv_name((CV *)gv, NULL, 0);
623 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_GV;
625 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %" SVf " must be %s (not %s)",
626 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv));
630 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
632 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
634 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
635 "Bareword \"%" SVf "\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
637 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
640 /* "register" allocation */
643 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
646 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
648 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
650 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
651 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
654 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
658 || ( (flags & SVf_UTF8)
659 && isIDFIRST_utf8_safe((U8 *)name+1, name + len))
660 || (name[1] == '_' && len > 2)))
662 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
664 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
665 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
666 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
667 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
669 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
670 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
674 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
676 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
677 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
678 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0),
679 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
681 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
682 ? (PL_curstash && !memEQs(name,len,"$_")
688 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
689 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
691 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
692 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
698 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
700 =for apidoc alloccopstash
702 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
703 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
710 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
712 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
713 bool found_slot = FALSE;
715 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
717 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
719 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
720 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
721 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
722 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
725 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
726 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
727 off = PL_stashpadmax;
728 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
731 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
736 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
737 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
740 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
748 =for apidoc Am|void|op_free|OP *o
750 Free an op. Only use this when an op is no longer linked to from any
757 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
761 SSize_t defer_ix = -1;
762 SSize_t defer_stack_alloc = 0;
763 OP **defer_stack = NULL;
767 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
769 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
770 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
771 may be freed before their parents. */
772 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
777 /* an op should only ever acquire op_private flags that we know about.
778 * If this fails, you may need to fix something in regen/op_private.
779 * Don't bother testing if:
780 * * the op_ppaddr doesn't match the op; someone may have
781 * overridden the op and be doing strange things with it;
782 * * we've errored, as op flags are often left in an
783 * inconsistent state then. Note that an error when
784 * compiling the main program leaves PL_parser NULL, so
785 * we can't spot faults in the main code, only
786 * evaled/required code */
788 if ( o->op_ppaddr == PL_ppaddr[o->op_type]
790 && !PL_parser->error_count)
792 assert(!(o->op_private & ~PL_op_private_valid[type]));
796 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
807 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
810 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
811 we maintain for reset(). */
812 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
822 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
823 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
827 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
829 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
830 nextkid = OpSIBLING(kid); /* Get before next freeing kid */
831 if (!kid || kid->op_type == OP_FREED)
832 /* During the forced freeing of ops after
833 compilation failure, kidops may be freed before
836 if (!(kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
837 /* If it has no kids, just free it now */
844 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
847 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
849 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
850 * numbers etc even after null() */
851 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
859 } while ( (o = POP_DEFERRED_OP()) );
861 Safefree(defer_stack);
864 /* S_op_clear_gv(): free a GV attached to an OP */
868 void S_op_clear_gv(pTHX_ OP *o, PADOFFSET *ixp)
870 void S_op_clear_gv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV**svp)
874 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV
875 || o->op_type == OP_MULTIDEREF)
878 ? ((GV*)PAD_SVl(*ixp)) : NULL;
880 ? (GV*)(*svp) : NULL;
882 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
883 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
884 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
885 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
886 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
887 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
888 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
889 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
890 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
891 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
892 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
893 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
894 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
895 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
896 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
899 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
902 pad_swipe(*ixp, TRUE);
910 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
913 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
919 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
924 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
926 switch (o->op_type) {
927 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
930 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
931 case OP_ARGDEFELEM: /* Was holding signature index. */
935 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
936 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
943 S_op_clear_gv(aTHX_ o, &(cPADOPx(o)->op_padix));
945 S_op_clear_gv(aTHX_ o, &(cSVOPx(o)->op_sv));
948 case OP_METHOD_REDIR:
949 case OP_METHOD_REDIR_SUPER:
951 if (cMETHOPx(o)->op_rclass_targ) {
952 pad_swipe(cMETHOPx(o)->op_rclass_targ, 1);
953 cMETHOPx(o)->op_rclass_targ = 0;
956 SvREFCNT_dec(cMETHOPx(o)->op_rclass_sv);
957 cMETHOPx(o)->op_rclass_sv = NULL;
959 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
960 case OP_METHOD_SUPER:
961 SvREFCNT_dec(cMETHOPx(o)->op_u.op_meth_sv);
962 cMETHOPx(o)->op_u.op_meth_sv = NULL;
965 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, 1);
972 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
973 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
976 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
977 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
978 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
979 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
982 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
992 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
997 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
998 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
1000 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
1001 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
1002 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
1005 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1006 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1010 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
1011 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
1015 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1019 if ( (o->op_private & OPpSPLIT_ASSIGN) /* @array = split */
1020 && !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) /* @{expr} = split */
1022 if (o->op_private & OPpSPLIT_LEX)
1023 pad_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff);
1026 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
1028 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
1035 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
1036 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
1037 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
1038 forget_pmop(cPMOPo);
1039 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
1040 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
1041 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
1042 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
1043 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
1044 * happen before sv_clean_all
1047 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
1048 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
1049 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
1050 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
1051 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
1055 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
1056 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
1062 PerlMemShared_free(cUNOP_AUXo->op_aux);
1067 UNOP_AUX_item *items = cUNOP_AUXo->op_aux;
1068 UV actions = items->uv;
1070 bool is_hash = FALSE;
1073 switch (actions & MDEREF_ACTION_MASK) {
1076 actions = (++items)->uv;
1079 case MDEREF_HV_padhv_helem:
1081 case MDEREF_AV_padav_aelem:
1082 pad_free((++items)->pad_offset);
1085 case MDEREF_HV_gvhv_helem:
1087 case MDEREF_AV_gvav_aelem:
1089 S_op_clear_gv(aTHX_ o, &((++items)->pad_offset));
1091 S_op_clear_gv(aTHX_ o, &((++items)->sv));
1095 case MDEREF_HV_gvsv_vivify_rv2hv_helem:
1097 case MDEREF_AV_gvsv_vivify_rv2av_aelem:
1099 S_op_clear_gv(aTHX_ o, &((++items)->pad_offset));
1101 S_op_clear_gv(aTHX_ o, &((++items)->sv));
1103 goto do_vivify_rv2xv_elem;
1105 case MDEREF_HV_padsv_vivify_rv2hv_helem:
1107 case MDEREF_AV_padsv_vivify_rv2av_aelem:
1108 pad_free((++items)->pad_offset);
1109 goto do_vivify_rv2xv_elem;
1111 case MDEREF_HV_pop_rv2hv_helem:
1112 case MDEREF_HV_vivify_rv2hv_helem:
1114 do_vivify_rv2xv_elem:
1115 case MDEREF_AV_pop_rv2av_aelem:
1116 case MDEREF_AV_vivify_rv2av_aelem:
1118 switch (actions & MDEREF_INDEX_MASK) {
1119 case MDEREF_INDEX_none:
1122 case MDEREF_INDEX_const:
1126 pad_swipe((++items)->pad_offset, 1);
1128 SvREFCNT_dec((++items)->sv);
1134 case MDEREF_INDEX_padsv:
1135 pad_free((++items)->pad_offset);
1137 case MDEREF_INDEX_gvsv:
1139 S_op_clear_gv(aTHX_ o, &((++items)->pad_offset));
1141 S_op_clear_gv(aTHX_ o, &((++items)->sv));
1146 if (actions & MDEREF_FLAG_last)
1159 actions >>= MDEREF_SHIFT;
1162 /* start of malloc is at op_aux[-1], where the length is
1164 PerlMemShared_free(cUNOP_AUXo->op_aux - 1);
1169 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
1170 pad_free(o->op_targ);
1176 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
1178 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
1181 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
1182 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
1183 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
1184 if (PL_curcop == cop)
1189 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
1192 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
1194 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
1196 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
1197 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
1199 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
1200 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
1204 if (array[i] == o) {
1205 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
1206 array[i] = array[--count];
1207 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
1208 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
1209 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
1212 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
1225 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
1227 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
1229 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1230 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1232 switch (kid->op_type) {
1237 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
1239 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
1240 kid = OpSIBLING(kid);
1246 =for apidoc Am|void|op_null|OP *o
1248 Neutralizes an op when it is no longer needed, but is still linked to from
1255 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
1259 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
1261 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1264 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
1265 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_NULL);
1269 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1270 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_op_mutex)
1275 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1280 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1281 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_op_mutex)
1286 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1292 =for apidoc op_sibling_splice
1294 A general function for editing the structure of an existing chain of
1295 op_sibling nodes. By analogy with the perl-level C<splice()> function, allows
1296 you to delete zero or more sequential nodes, replacing them with zero or
1297 more different nodes. Performs the necessary op_first/op_last
1298 housekeeping on the parent node and op_sibling manipulation on the
1299 children. The last deleted node will be marked as as the last node by
1300 updating the op_sibling/op_sibparent or op_moresib field as appropriate.
1302 Note that op_next is not manipulated, and nodes are not freed; that is the
1303 responsibility of the caller. It also won't create a new list op for an
1304 empty list etc; use higher-level functions like op_append_elem() for that.
1306 C<parent> is the parent node of the sibling chain. It may passed as C<NULL> if
1307 the splicing doesn't affect the first or last op in the chain.
1309 C<start> is the node preceding the first node to be spliced. Node(s)
1310 following it will be deleted, and ops will be inserted after it. If it is
1311 C<NULL>, the first node onwards is deleted, and nodes are inserted at the
1314 C<del_count> is the number of nodes to delete. If zero, no nodes are deleted.
1315 If -1 or greater than or equal to the number of remaining kids, all
1316 remaining kids are deleted.
1318 C<insert> is the first of a chain of nodes to be inserted in place of the nodes.
1319 If C<NULL>, no nodes are inserted.
1321 The head of the chain of deleted ops is returned, or C<NULL> if no ops were
1326 action before after returns
1327 ------ ----- ----- -------
1330 splice(P, A, 2, X-Y-Z) | | B-C
1334 splice(P, NULL, 1, X-Y) | | A
1338 splice(P, NULL, 3, NULL) | | A-B-C
1342 splice(P, B, 0, X-Y) | | NULL
1346 For lower-level direct manipulation of C<op_sibparent> and C<op_moresib>,
1347 see C<L</OpMORESIB_set>>, C<L</OpLASTSIB_set>>, C<L</OpMAYBESIB_set>>.
1353 Perl_op_sibling_splice(OP *parent, OP *start, int del_count, OP* insert)
1357 OP *last_del = NULL;
1358 OP *last_ins = NULL;
1361 first = OpSIBLING(start);
1365 first = cLISTOPx(parent)->op_first;
1367 assert(del_count >= -1);
1369 if (del_count && first) {
1371 while (--del_count && OpHAS_SIBLING(last_del))
1372 last_del = OpSIBLING(last_del);
1373 rest = OpSIBLING(last_del);
1374 OpLASTSIB_set(last_del, NULL);
1381 while (OpHAS_SIBLING(last_ins))
1382 last_ins = OpSIBLING(last_ins);
1383 OpMAYBESIB_set(last_ins, rest, NULL);
1389 OpMAYBESIB_set(start, insert, NULL);
1394 cLISTOPx(parent)->op_first = insert;
1396 parent->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
1398 parent->op_flags &= ~OPf_KIDS;
1402 /* update op_last etc */
1409 /* ought to use OP_CLASS(parent) here, but that can't handle
1410 * ex-foo OP_NULL ops. Also note that XopENTRYCUSTOM() can't
1412 type = parent->op_type;
1413 if (type == OP_CUSTOM) {
1415 type = XopENTRYCUSTOM(parent, xop_class);
1418 if (type == OP_NULL)
1419 type = parent->op_targ;
1420 type = PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK;
1423 lastop = last_ins ? last_ins : start ? start : NULL;
1424 if ( type == OA_BINOP
1425 || type == OA_LISTOP
1429 cLISTOPx(parent)->op_last = lastop;
1432 OpLASTSIB_set(lastop, parent);
1434 return last_del ? first : NULL;
1437 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: op_sibling_splice(): NULL parent");
1441 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
1444 =for apidoc op_parent
1446 Returns the parent OP of C<o>, if it has a parent. Returns C<NULL> otherwise.
1447 This function is only available on perls built with C<-DPERL_OP_PARENT>.
1453 Perl_op_parent(OP *o)
1455 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_PARENT;
1456 while (OpHAS_SIBLING(o))
1458 return o->op_sibparent;
1464 /* replace the sibling following start with a new UNOP, which becomes
1465 * the parent of the original sibling; e.g.
1467 * op_sibling_newUNOP(P, A, unop-args...)
1475 * where U is the new UNOP.
1477 * parent and start args are the same as for op_sibling_splice();
1478 * type and flags args are as newUNOP().
1480 * Returns the new UNOP.
1484 S_op_sibling_newUNOP(pTHX_ OP *parent, OP *start, I32 type, I32 flags)
1488 kid = op_sibling_splice(parent, start, 1, NULL);
1489 newop = newUNOP(type, flags, kid);
1490 op_sibling_splice(parent, start, 0, newop);
1495 /* lowest-level newLOGOP-style function - just allocates and populates
1496 * the struct. Higher-level stuff should be done by S_new_logop() /
1497 * newLOGOP(). This function exists mainly to avoid op_first assignment
1498 * being spread throughout this file.
1502 Perl_alloc_LOGOP(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP* other)
1507 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
1508 OpTYPE_set(logop, type);
1509 logop->op_first = first;
1510 logop->op_other = other;
1511 logop->op_flags = OPf_KIDS;
1512 while (kid && OpHAS_SIBLING(kid))
1513 kid = OpSIBLING(kid);
1515 OpLASTSIB_set(kid, (OP*)logop);
1520 /* Contextualizers */
1523 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1525 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1526 C<o> is the op tree, and C<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1527 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1534 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1536 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1538 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1539 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1540 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1542 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1549 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1550 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1551 not be called directly.
1557 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1561 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1566 /* establish postfix order */
1567 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1570 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1573 OP *sibl = OpSIBLING(kid);
1575 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(sibl);
1590 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1592 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1594 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
1601 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1603 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1605 if ((o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST &&
1606 !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) ||
1607 (o->op_type == OP_NOT && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_SASSIGN &&
1608 cBINOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST &&
1609 !(cBINOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL))) {
1610 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1611 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1613 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1614 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1615 of the conditional, not the last. */
1616 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1618 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1619 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1626 S_op_varname_subscript(pTHX_ const OP *o, int subscript_type)
1629 assert(o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
1630 o->op_type == OP_PADHV || o->op_type == OP_RV2HV);
1632 const char funny = o->op_type == OP_PADAV
1633 || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV ? '@' : '%';
1634 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2AV || o->op_type == OP_RV2HV) {
1636 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV
1637 || !(gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first)))
1639 return varname(gv, funny, 0, NULL, 0, subscript_type);
1642 varname(MUTABLE_GV(PL_compcv), funny, o->op_targ, NULL, 0, subscript_type);
1647 S_op_varname(pTHX_ const OP *o)
1649 return S_op_varname_subscript(aTHX_ o, 1);
1653 S_op_pretty(pTHX_ const OP *o, SV **retsv, const char **retpv)
1654 { /* or not so pretty :-) */
1655 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST) {
1657 if (SvPOK(*retsv)) {
1659 *retsv = sv_newmortal();
1660 pv_pretty(*retsv, SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1661 PERL_PV_PRETTY_DUMP |PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT);
1663 else if (!SvOK(*retsv))
1666 else *retpv = "...";
1670 S_scalar_slice_warning(pTHX_ const OP *o)
1674 o->op_type == OP_HSLICE ? '{' : '[';
1676 o->op_type == OP_HSLICE ? '}' : ']';
1678 SV *keysv = NULL; /* just to silence compiler warnings */
1679 const char *key = NULL;
1681 if (!(o->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING))
1683 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1684 /* This warning can be nonsensical when there is a syntax error. */
1687 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1688 kid = OpSIBLING(kid); /* get past pushmark */
1689 /* weed out false positives: any ops that can return lists */
1690 switch (kid->op_type) {
1716 /* Don't warn if we have a nulled list either. */
1717 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_LIST)
1720 assert(OpSIBLING(kid));
1721 name = S_op_varname(aTHX_ OpSIBLING(kid));
1722 if (!name) /* XS module fiddling with the op tree */
1724 S_op_pretty(aTHX_ kid, &keysv, &key);
1725 assert(SvPOK(name));
1726 sv_chop(name,SvPVX(name)+1);
1728 /* diag_listed_as: Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s] */
1729 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1730 "Scalar value @%" SVf "%c%s%c better written as $%" SVf
1732 SVfARG(name), lbrack, key, rbrack, SVfARG(name),
1733 lbrack, key, rbrack);
1735 /* diag_listed_as: Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s] */
1736 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1737 "Scalar value @%" SVf "%c%" SVf "%c better written as $%"
1739 SVfARG(name), lbrack, SVfARG(keysv), rbrack,
1740 SVfARG(name), lbrack, SVfARG(keysv), rbrack);
1744 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1748 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1749 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1750 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1751 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1756 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1758 switch (o->op_type) {
1760 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1761 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1762 kid = cLISTOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first;
1763 assert(kid->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
1764 if (OpHAS_SIBLING(kid) && !OpHAS_SIBLING(OpSIBLING(kid))) {
1765 op_null(cLISTOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);
1766 o->op_private &=~ OPpREPEAT_DOLIST;
1773 for (kid = OpSIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
1783 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1784 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
1790 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1792 kid = OpSIBLING(kid);
1795 OP *sib = OpSIBLING(kid);
1796 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN
1797 && ( OpHAS_SIBLING(sib) || sib->op_type != OP_NULL
1798 || ( sib->op_targ != OP_NEXTSTATE
1799 && sib->op_targ != OP_DBSTATE )))
1805 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1810 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1813 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1818 /* Warn about scalar context */
1819 const char lbrack = o->op_type == OP_KVHSLICE ? '{' : '[';
1820 const char rbrack = o->op_type == OP_KVHSLICE ? '}' : ']';
1823 const char *key = NULL;
1825 /* This warning can be nonsensical when there is a syntax error. */
1826 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1829 if (!ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) break;
1831 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1832 kid = OpSIBLING(kid); /* get past pushmark */
1833 assert(OpSIBLING(kid));
1834 name = S_op_varname(aTHX_ OpSIBLING(kid));
1835 if (!name) /* XS module fiddling with the op tree */
1837 S_op_pretty(aTHX_ kid, &keysv, &key);
1838 assert(SvPOK(name));
1839 sv_chop(name,SvPVX(name)+1);
1841 /* diag_listed_as: %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s] */
1842 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1843 "%%%" SVf "%c%s%c in scalar context better written "
1844 "as $%" SVf "%c%s%c",
1845 SVfARG(name), lbrack, key, rbrack, SVfARG(name),
1846 lbrack, key, rbrack);
1848 /* diag_listed_as: %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s] */
1849 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1850 "%%%" SVf "%c%" SVf "%c in scalar context better "
1851 "written as $%" SVf "%c%" SVf "%c",
1852 SVfARG(name), lbrack, SVfARG(keysv), rbrack,
1853 SVfARG(name), lbrack, SVfARG(keysv), rbrack);
1860 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *arg)
1866 SSize_t defer_stack_alloc = 0;
1867 SSize_t defer_ix = -1;
1868 OP **defer_stack = NULL;
1871 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1874 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1875 const char* useless = NULL;
1877 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1878 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1879 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1880 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1881 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1883 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1884 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1885 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1886 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1887 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1892 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1893 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1895 /* newASSIGNOP has already applied scalar context, which we
1896 leave, as if this op is inside SASSIGN. */
1900 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1902 switch (o->op_type) {
1904 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1908 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1910 if (o->op_type == OP_REPEAT)
1911 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1914 if (o->op_private == 4)
1949 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1950 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1955 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1980 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1990 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1994 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1995 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1996 useless = OP_DESC(o);
2000 if (!(o->op_private & OPpSPLIT_ASSIGN))
2001 useless = OP_DESC(o);
2005 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
2006 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
2007 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
2010 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
2014 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
2015 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
2019 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
2026 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
2027 (!OpHAS_SIBLING(o) || OpSIBLING(o)->op_type != OP_READLINE))
2028 useless = "a variable";
2033 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2034 no_bareword_allowed(o);
2036 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
2038 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
2039 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
2040 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
2042 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
2043 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
2044 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
2045 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && ((nv = SvNV(sv)) == 0.0 || nv == 1.0))
2047 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
2048 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
2050 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
2052 pv_pretty(dsv, SvPVX_const(sv),
2053 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
2055 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
2056 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
2057 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
2059 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2060 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%" SVf ")", SVfARG(sv));
2063 useless = "a constant (undef)";
2066 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
2070 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_PREINC); /* pre-increment is faster */
2074 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_PREDEC); /* pre-decrement is faster */
2078 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_I_PREINC); /* pre-increment is faster */
2082 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_I_PREDEC); /* pre-decrement is faster */
2087 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
2090 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
2093 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
2094 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
2097 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
2099 if (!refgen || (refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN
2100 && refgen->op_type != OP_SREFGEN))
2103 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
2104 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
2105 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
2108 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK
2109 && exlist->op_first != exlist->op_last)
2112 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
2114 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
2117 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
2118 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
2119 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
2121 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
2122 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
2123 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
2135 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
2136 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
2137 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
2138 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
2139 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_OR);
2141 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_AND);
2151 for (kid = OpSIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
2152 if (!(kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2159 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
2166 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2177 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
2178 if (!(kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2184 /* If the first kid after pushmark is something that the padrange
2185 optimisation would reject, then null the list and the pushmark.
2187 if ((kid = cLISTOPo->op_first)->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
2188 && ( !(kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
2189 || ( kid->op_type != OP_PADSV
2190 && kid->op_type != OP_PADAV
2191 && kid->op_type != OP_PADHV)
2192 || kid->op_private & ~OPpLVAL_INTRO
2193 || !(kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
2194 || ( kid->op_type != OP_PADSV
2195 && kid->op_type != OP_PADAV
2196 && kid->op_type != OP_PADHV)
2197 || kid->op_private & ~OPpLVAL_INTRO)
2199 op_null(cUNOPo->op_first); /* NULL the pushmark */
2200 op_null(o); /* NULL the list */
2212 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
2213 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
2214 "Useless use of %" SVf " in void context",
2215 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(useless_sv)));
2218 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
2219 "Useless use of %s in void context",
2222 } while ( (o = POP_DEFERRED_OP()) );
2224 Safefree(defer_stack);
2230 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
2232 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2234 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
2241 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
2245 /* assumes no premature commitment */
2246 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
2247 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2248 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
2253 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
2254 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
2256 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
2259 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
2261 switch (o->op_type) {
2263 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
2266 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST
2267 && !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2269 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
2270 kid = cBINOPo->op_last;
2271 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && SvIOK(kSVOP_sv)
2272 && SvIVX(kSVOP_sv) == 1)
2274 op_null(o); /* repeat */
2275 op_null(cUNOPx(cBINOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* pushmark */
2277 op_free(op_sibling_splice(o, cBINOPo->op_first, 1, NULL));
2284 for (kid = OpSIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
2292 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2294 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
2295 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
2296 return gen_constant_list(o);
2302 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK) {
2303 op_null(cUNOPo->op_first); /* NULL the pushmark */
2304 op_null(o); /* NULL the list */
2309 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2311 kid = OpSIBLING(kid);
2314 OP *sib = OpSIBLING(kid);
2315 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
2321 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2325 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2332 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
2335 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
2337 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
2338 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
2341 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = sib) {
2342 if ((sib = OpSIBLING(kid))
2343 && ( OpHAS_SIBLING(sib) || sib->op_type != OP_NULL
2344 || ( sib->op_targ != OP_NEXTSTATE
2345 && sib->op_targ != OP_DBSTATE )))
2350 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2352 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
2353 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
2354 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2357 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
2362 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2364 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2366 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
2367 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2373 /* for a helem/hslice/kvslice, if its a fixed hash, croak on invalid
2374 * const fields. Also, convert CONST keys to HEK-in-SVs.
2375 * rop is the op that retrieves the hash;
2376 * key_op is the first key
2380 S_check_hash_fields_and_hekify(pTHX_ UNOP *rop, SVOP *key_op)
2386 /* find the padsv corresponding to $lex->{} or @{$lex}{} */
2388 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
2389 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
2390 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
2392 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
2393 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
2394 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
2396 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
2403 lexname = NULL; /* just to silence compiler warnings */
2404 fields = NULL; /* just to silence compiler warnings */
2408 && (lexname = padnamelist_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ),
2409 SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
2410 && (fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PadnameTYPE(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE))
2411 && isGV(*fields) && GvHV(*fields);
2413 for (; key_op; key_op = (SVOP*)OpSIBLING(key_op)) {
2415 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
2417 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
2419 /* make sure it's not a bareword under strict subs */
2420 if (key_op->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2421 key_op->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2423 no_bareword_allowed((OP*)key_op);
2426 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
2427 if ( !SvIsCOW_shared_hash(sv = *svp)
2428 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG
2433 const char * const key = SvPV_const(sv, *(STRLEN*)&keylen);
2434 SV *nsv = newSVpvn_share(key, SvUTF8(sv) ? -keylen : keylen, 0);
2435 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
2440 && !hv_fetch_ent(GvHV(*fields), *svp, FALSE, 0))
2442 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%" SVf "\" "
2443 "in variable %" PNf " of type %" HEKf,
2444 SVfARG(*svp), PNfARG(lexname),
2445 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(PadnameTYPE(lexname))));
2452 =for apidoc finalize_optree
2454 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
2455 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
2456 checking which can't be done in the normal C<ck_>xxx functions and makes
2457 the tree thread-safe.
2462 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
2464 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
2467 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
2475 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
2476 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
2477 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
2478 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2479 S_op_relocate_sv(pTHX_ SV** svp, PADOFFSET* targp)
2482 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_RELOCATE_SV;
2484 ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVf_READONLY);
2485 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
2486 PAD_SETSV(ix, *svp);
2487 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
2488 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
2496 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
2498 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
2500 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
2502 switch (o->op_type) {
2505 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
2508 if (OpHAS_SIBLING(o)) {
2509 OP *sib = OpSIBLING(o);
2510 if (( sib->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || sib->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2511 && ckWARN(WARN_EXEC)
2512 && OpHAS_SIBLING(sib))
2514 const OPCODE type = OpSIBLING(sib)->op_type;
2515 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
2516 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
2517 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)sib));
2518 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
2519 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
2520 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
2521 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
2522 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
2529 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
2530 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
2531 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
2532 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
2533 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
2534 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
2535 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
2536 "%" SVf "() called too early to check prototype",
2543 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2544 no_bareword_allowed(o);
2548 op_relocate_sv(&cSVOPo->op_sv, &o->op_targ);
2553 /* Relocate all the METHOP's SVs to the pad for thread safety. */
2554 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
2555 case OP_METHOD_SUPER:
2556 case OP_METHOD_REDIR:
2557 case OP_METHOD_REDIR_SUPER:
2558 op_relocate_sv(&cMETHOPx(o)->op_u.op_meth_sv, &o->op_targ);
2567 if ((key_op = cSVOPx(((BINOP*)o)->op_last))->op_type != OP_CONST)
2570 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
2575 S_scalar_slice_warning(aTHX_ o);
2579 kid = OpSIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first);
2580 if (/* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
2581 OP_TYPE_ISNT_AND_WASNT_NN(kid, OP_LIST)
2582 && OP_TYPE_ISNT_NN(kid, OP_CONST))
2587 key_op = (SVOP*)(kid->op_type == OP_CONST
2589 : OpSIBLING(kLISTOP->op_first));
2591 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
2594 if (o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO || rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
2596 S_check_hash_fields_and_hekify(aTHX_ rop, key_op);
2600 S_scalar_slice_warning(aTHX_ o);
2604 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
2605 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
2612 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2616 /* check that op_last points to the last sibling, and that
2617 * the last op_sibling/op_sibparent field points back to the
2618 * parent, and that the only ops with KIDS are those which are
2619 * entitled to them */
2620 U32 type = o->op_type;
2624 if (type == OP_NULL) {
2626 /* ck_glob creates a null UNOP with ex-type GLOB
2627 * (which is a list op. So pretend it wasn't a listop */
2628 if (type == OP_GLOB)
2631 family = PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK;
2633 has_last = ( family == OA_BINOP
2634 || family == OA_LISTOP
2635 || family == OA_PMOP
2636 || family == OA_LOOP
2638 assert( has_last /* has op_first and op_last, or ...
2639 ... has (or may have) op_first: */
2640 || family == OA_UNOP
2641 || family == OA_UNOP_AUX
2642 || family == OA_LOGOP
2643 || family == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
2644 || family == OA_FILESTATOP
2645 || family == OA_LOOPEXOP
2646 || family == OA_METHOP
2647 || type == OP_CUSTOM
2648 || type == OP_NULL /* new_logop does this */
2651 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid)) {
2652 # ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
2653 if (!OpHAS_SIBLING(kid)) {
2655 assert(kid == cLISTOPo->op_last);
2656 assert(kid->op_sibparent == o);
2659 if (has_last && !OpHAS_SIBLING(kid))
2660 assert(kid == cLISTOPo->op_last);
2665 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
2671 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
2673 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
2674 C<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
2675 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by C<OP_NULL>,
2676 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
2679 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
2680 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
2681 called with an op of type C<OP_ADD> and a C<type> argument of C<OP_SASSIGN>.
2683 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
2684 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
2690 S_mark_padname_lvalue(pTHX_ PADNAME *pn)
2693 PadnameLVALUE_on(pn);
2694 while (PadnameOUTER(pn) && PARENT_PAD_INDEX(pn)) {
2696 /* RT #127786: cv can be NULL due to an eval within the DB package
2697 * called from an anon sub - anon subs don't have CvOUTSIDE() set
2698 * unless they contain an eval, but calling eval within DB
2699 * pretends the eval was done in the caller's scope.
2703 assert(CvPADLIST(cv));
2705 PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(cv))[PARENT_PAD_INDEX(pn)];
2706 assert(PadnameLEN(pn));
2707 PadnameLVALUE_on(pn);
2712 S_vivifies(const OPCODE type)
2715 case OP_RV2AV: case OP_ASLICE:
2716 case OP_RV2HV: case OP_KVASLICE:
2717 case OP_RV2SV: case OP_HSLICE:
2718 case OP_AELEMFAST: case OP_KVHSLICE:
2727 S_lvref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2731 switch (o->op_type) {
2733 for (kid = OpSIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid;
2734 kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
2735 S_lvref(aTHX_ kid, type);
2740 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) goto badref;
2741 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2742 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2743 if (o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
2744 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify reference to "
2745 "localized parenthesized array in list assignment"));
2749 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_LVAVREF);
2750 o->op_private &= OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpPAD_STATE;
2751 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD|OPf_REF;
2754 o->op_private |= OPpLVREF_AV;
2757 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
2758 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2759 kid = cUNOPx(OpSIBLING(kUNOP->op_first))
2761 o->op_private = OPpLVREF_CV;
2762 if (kid->op_type == OP_GV)
2763 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2764 else if (kid->op_type == OP_PADCV) {
2765 o->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2767 op_free(cUNOPo->op_first);
2768 cUNOPo->op_first = NULL;
2769 o->op_flags &=~ OPf_KIDS;
2774 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2776 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify reference to "
2777 "parenthesized hash in list assignment"));
2780 o->op_private |= OPpLVREF_HV;
2784 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) goto badref;
2785 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2788 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) goto parenhash;
2789 o->op_private |= OPpLVREF_HV;
2792 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(o->op_targ, PERL_INT_MAX);
2795 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(o->op_targ, PERL_INT_MAX);
2796 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) goto slurpy;
2797 o->op_private |= OPpLVREF_AV;
2801 o->op_private |= OPpLVREF_ELEM;
2802 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2806 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_LVREFSLICE);
2807 o->op_private &= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2810 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2812 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2814 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2815 S_lvref(aTHX_ cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2820 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid)) {
2821 assert((kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID);
2822 S_lvref(aTHX_ kid, type);
2826 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2831 /* diag_listed_as: Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment */
2832 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify reference to %s in %s",
2833 o->op_type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL
2839 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_LVREF);
2841 OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpLVREF_ELEM|OPpLVREF_TYPE|OPpPAD_STATE;
2842 if (type == OP_ENTERLOOP)
2843 o->op_private |= OPpLVREF_ITER;
2846 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
2847 S_potential_mod_type(I32 type)
2849 /* Types that only potentially result in modification. */
2850 return type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2851 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV;
2855 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
2859 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
2862 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2865 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
2866 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
2871 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
2873 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
2875 switch (o->op_type) {
2880 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
2884 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
2885 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2886 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_RV2CV); /* entersub => rv2cv */
2887 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2888 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
2891 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
2892 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2893 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2894 if (S_potential_mod_type(type)) {
2895 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
2898 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
2899 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
2904 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2905 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
2907 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
2908 "args: type/targ %ld:%" UVuf,
2909 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2910 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
2912 while (OpHAS_SIBLING(kid))
2913 kid = OpSIBLING(kid);
2914 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
2915 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
2918 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2919 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
2920 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2921 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2923 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2924 "entry via type/targ %ld:%" UVuf,
2925 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2926 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2933 : SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) == SVt_PVCV
2934 ? MUTABLE_CV(SvRV(gv))
2940 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK)
2943 namesv = cv_name(cv, NULL, 0);
2944 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify non-lvalue "
2945 "subroutine call of &%" SVf " in %s",
2946 SVfARG(namesv), PL_op_desc[type]),
2954 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2955 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2956 if (S_potential_mod_type(type))
2958 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2959 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2962 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2975 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2984 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2990 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2994 if (!(o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST))
2997 const I32 mods = PL_modcount;
2998 modkids(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2999 if (type != OP_AASSIGN)
3001 kid = cBINOPo->op_last;
3002 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && SvIOK(kSVOP_sv)) {
3003 const IV iv = SvIV(kSVOP_sv);
3004 if (PL_modcount != RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER)
3006 mods + (PL_modcount - mods) * (iv < 0 ? 0 : iv);
3009 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
3015 for (kid = OpSIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
3016 op_lvalue(kid, type);
3021 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
3022 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
3023 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
3027 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
3029 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
3036 /* Do not apply the lvsub flag for rv2[ah]v in scalar context. */
3037 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV && (
3038 (o->op_type != OP_RV2AV && o->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
3039 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_SCALAR
3041 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
3045 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
3050 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
3051 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
3054 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV
3055 && (o->op_private & 3) + OP_EACH == OP_KEYS)
3056 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
3059 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3060 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
3061 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
3065 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
3069 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3079 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
3086 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
3087 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3088 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
3089 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
3091 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_SCALAR
3092 && type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
3093 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
3097 if (!type) /* local() */
3098 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %" PNf,
3099 PNfARG(PAD_COMPNAME(o->op_targ)));
3100 if (!(o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
3101 || ( type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_AASSIGN
3102 && PadnameIsSTATE(PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ)) ))
3103 S_mark_padname_lvalue(aTHX_ PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
3111 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV && !scalar_mod_type(NULL, type))
3115 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
3121 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
3122 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
3123 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS && OpHAS_SIBLING(cBINOPo->op_first)) {
3124 /* substr and vec */
3125 /* If this op is in merely potential (non-fatal) modifiable
3126 context, then apply OP_ENTERSUB context to
3127 the kid op (to avoid croaking). Other-
3128 wise pass this op’s own type so the correct op is mentioned
3129 in error messages. */
3130 op_lvalue(OpSIBLING(cBINOPo->op_first),
3131 S_potential_mod_type(type)
3139 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
3140 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
3141 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
3142 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
3143 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
3144 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
3151 o->op_private |= OPpLVALUE;
3157 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3158 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
3163 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
3165 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
3168 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
3169 OP *sib = OpSIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3170 /* OP_TRANS and OP_TRANSR with argument have a weird optree
3177 * compared with things like OP_MATCH which have the argument
3183 * so handle specially to correctly get "Can't modify" croaks etc
3186 if (sib && (sib->op_type == OP_TRANS || sib->op_type == OP_TRANSR))
3188 /* this should trigger a "Can't modify transliteration" err */
3189 op_lvalue(sib, type);
3191 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
3197 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
3198 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
3199 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
3200 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
3201 op_lvalue(kid, type);
3209 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV
3210 || !S_vivifies(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_type))
3211 op_lvalue(cLOGOPo->op_first, type);
3212 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV
3213 || !S_vivifies(OpSIBLING(cLOGOPo->op_first)->op_type))
3214 op_lvalue(OpSIBLING(cLOGOPo->op_first), type);
3218 if (type == OP_NULL) { /* local */
3220 if (!FEATURE_MYREF_IS_ENABLED)
3221 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "The experimental declared_refs "
3222 "feature is not enabled");
3223 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
3224 packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__DECLARED_REFS),
3225 "Declaring references is experimental");
3226 op_lvalue(cUNOPo->op_first, OP_NULL);
3229 if (type != OP_AASSIGN && type != OP_SASSIGN
3230 && type != OP_ENTERLOOP)
3232 /* Don’t bother applying lvalue context to the ex-list. */
3233 kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first;
3234 assert (!OpHAS_SIBLING(kid));
3237 if (type == OP_NULL) /* local */
3239 if (type != OP_AASSIGN) goto nomod;
3240 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
3243 const U8 ec = PL_parser ? PL_parser->error_count : 0;
3244 S_lvref(aTHX_ kid, type);
3245 if (!PL_parser || PL_parser->error_count == ec) {
3246 if (!FEATURE_REFALIASING_IS_ENABLED)
3248 "Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled");
3249 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
3250 packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__REFALIASING),
3251 "Aliasing via reference is experimental");
3254 if (o->op_type == OP_REFGEN)
3255 op_null(cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* pushmark */
3260 if ((o->op_private & OPpSPLIT_ASSIGN)) {
3261 /* This is actually @array = split. */
3262 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
3268 op_lvalue(cUNOPo->op_first, OP_ENTERSUB);
3272 /* [20011101.069 (#7861)] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
3273 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
3275 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
3276 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
3279 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
3280 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
3282 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
3283 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL
3284 |(o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB ? 0 : OPf_REF);
3285 else if (!type) { /* local() */
3288 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
3289 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
3290 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3295 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
3296 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
3299 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
3300 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV && o->op_type != OP_ENTERSUB)
3301 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
3306 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
3311 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
3335 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
3364 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
3366 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
3368 switch (o->op_type) {
3376 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
3389 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
3391 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
3393 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
3400 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
3405 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
3407 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3410 switch (o->op_type) {
3412 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
3413 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
3414 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_RV2CV); /* entersub => rv2cv */
3415 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
3416 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
3417 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3419 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
3420 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
3421 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
3423 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
3429 for (kid = OpSIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
3430 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
3433 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
3434 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
3435 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
3438 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
3439 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
3440 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
3442 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
3449 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
3452 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
3453 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
3454 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
3460 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
3465 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
3467 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
3471 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
3472 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
3473 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
3474 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
3476 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
3486 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
3488 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
3498 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
3502 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
3504 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
3505 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
3506 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
3508 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
3509 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
3511 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
3513 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o = OpSIBLING(o)) {
3514 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
3515 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
3516 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
3517 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
3524 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
3526 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
3528 SV * const stashsv = newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash));
3530 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
3532 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
3533 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
3536 aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
3537 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
3539 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
3540 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
3541 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
3542 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
3544 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
3549 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
3551 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
3552 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
3554 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
3559 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
3560 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
3561 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
3563 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
3564 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
3565 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
3566 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
3567 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
3569 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
3570 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
3572 /* Need package name for method call. */
3573 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
3575 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
3576 stashsv = newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash));
3578 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
3579 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
3580 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
3581 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
3582 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
3583 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
3585 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
3587 /* Fake up a method call to import */
3588 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
3589 imop = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
3590 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
3591 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, arg),
3592 newMETHOP_named(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
3594 /* Combine the ops. */
3595 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
3599 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
3601 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
3602 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
3603 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
3604 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
3605 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
3606 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
3607 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
3608 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
3609 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
3610 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
3616 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
3617 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
3621 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
3624 len = strlen(attrstr);
3628 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
3630 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
3631 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
3632 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
3633 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
3634 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
3638 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
3639 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
3640 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
3641 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
3642 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
3643 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
3644 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
3649 S_move_proto_attr(pTHX_ OP **proto, OP **attrs, const GV * name)
3651 OP *new_proto = NULL;
3656 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MOVE_PROTO_ATTR;
3662 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST) {
3663 pv = SvPV(cSVOPo_sv, pvlen);
3664 if (pvlen >= 10 && memEQ(pv, "prototype(", 10)) {
3665 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(pv + 10, pvlen - 11, SvUTF8(cSVOPo_sv));
3666 SV ** const tmpo = cSVOPx_svp(o);
3667 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo_sv);
3672 } else if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3674 assert(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3675 lasto = cLISTOPo->op_first;
3676 assert(lasto->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
3677 for (o = OpSIBLING(lasto); o; o = OpSIBLING(o)) {
3678 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST) {
3679 pv = SvPV(cSVOPo_sv, pvlen);
3680 if (pvlen >= 10 && memEQ(pv, "prototype(", 10)) {
3681 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(pv + 10, pvlen - 11, SvUTF8(cSVOPo_sv));
3682 SV ** const tmpo = cSVOPx_svp(o);
3683 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo_sv);
3685 if (new_proto && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) {
3687 const char * newp = SvPV(cSVOPo_sv, new_len);
3688 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3689 "Attribute prototype(%" UTF8f ") discards earlier prototype attribute in same sub",
3690 UTF8fARG(SvUTF8(cSVOPo_sv), new_len, newp));
3696 /* excise new_proto from the list */
3697 op_sibling_splice(*attrs, lasto, 1, NULL);
3704 /* If the list is now just the PUSHMARK, scrap the whole thing; otherwise attributes.xs
3705 would get pulled in with no real need */
3706 if (!OpHAS_SIBLING(cLISTOPx(*attrs)->op_first)) {
3715 svname = sv_newmortal();
3716 gv_efullname3(svname, name, NULL);
3718 else if (SvPOK(name) && *SvPVX((SV *)name) == '&')
3719 svname = newSVpvn_flags(SvPVX((SV *)name)+1, SvCUR(name)-1, SvUTF8(name)|SVs_TEMP);
3721 svname = (SV *)name;
3722 if (ckWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO))
3723 (void)validate_proto(svname, cSVOPx_sv(new_proto), TRUE);
3724 if (*proto && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
3725 STRLEN old_len, new_len;
3726 const char * oldp = SvPV(cSVOPx_sv(*proto), old_len);
3727 const char * newp = SvPV(cSVOPx_sv(new_proto), new_len);
3729 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
3730 "Prototype '%" UTF8f "' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%" UTF8f ")'"
3732 UTF8fARG(SvUTF8(cSVOPx_sv(*proto)), old_len, oldp),
3733 UTF8fARG(SvUTF8(cSVOPx_sv(new_proto)), new_len, newp),
3743 S_cant_declare(pTHX_ OP *o)
3745 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL
3746 && (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_KIDS)) == OPf_KIDS)
3747 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
3748 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
3749 o->op_type == OP_NULL
3750 && o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL
3753 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our ? "our" :
3754 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" :
3759 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
3762 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
3764 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
3766 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
3771 if (OP_TYPE_IS_OR_WAS(o, OP_LIST)) {
3773 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
3774 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
3776 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
3778 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
3781 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
3782 S_cant_declare(aTHX_ o);
3784 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
3786 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3787 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3788 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
3789 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
3790 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
3791 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
3794 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
3797 else if (type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_SREFGEN) {
3798 if (!FEATURE_MYREF_IS_ENABLED)
3799 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "The experimental declared_refs "
3800 "feature is not enabled");
3801 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
3802 packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__DECLARED_REFS),
3803 "Declaring references is experimental");
3804 /* Kid is a nulled OP_LIST, handled above. */
3805 my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
3808 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
3811 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3813 S_cant_declare(aTHX_ o);
3816 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
3820 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3821 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3823 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
3824 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
3826 stash = PL_curstash;
3827 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
3829 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
3830 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
3832 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
3837 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
3840 int maybe_scalar = 0;
3842 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
3844 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3845 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3847 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3857 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
3859 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
3860 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
3861 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
3864 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
3865 which will mess up list assignment. */
3866 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
3867 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
3868 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
3870 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
3871 /* excise pushmark */
3872 op_sibling_splice(rops, NULL, 1, NULL);
3875 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
3878 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3879 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3884 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
3886 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3888 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
3893 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
3897 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
3898 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
3900 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
3902 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
3903 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
3905 const char * const desc
3907 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
3908 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
3910 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
3911 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
3913 S_op_varname(aTHX_ left);
3915 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3916 "Applying %s to %" SVf " will act on scalar(%" SVf ")",
3917 desc, SVfARG(name), SVfARG(name));
3919 const char * const sample = (isary
3920 ? "@array" : "%hash");
3921 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3922 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
3923 desc, sample, sample);
3927 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
3928 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
3929 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
3931 no_bareword_allowed(right);
3934 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
3935 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
3937 /* diag_listed_as: Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense */
3938 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
3939 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
3940 /* diag_listed_as: Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense */
3941 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
3943 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
3944 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
3945 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
3946 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
3947 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
3949 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
3951 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && !right->op_targ && ismatchop) {
3952 if (left->op_type == OP_PADSV
3953 && !(left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
3955 right->op_targ = left->op_targ;
3960 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
3961 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
3962 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
3963 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
3964 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
3965 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
3966 left = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
3967 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
3968 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(left), right);
3970 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(left), right);
3973 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
3977 return bind_match(type, left,
3978 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, NULL, 0, 0));
3982 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
3986 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
3990 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
3992 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
3993 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
3994 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
3995 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
3996 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
3997 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
4004 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
4008 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
4009 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
4010 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_LEAVE);
4012 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
4014 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_SCOPE);
4015 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
4016 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
4019 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
4020 kid = OpSIBLING(kid);
4022 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
4027 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
4033 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
4035 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
4036 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4037 for(; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid))
4038 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
4045 =for apidoc Am|int|block_start|int full
4047 Handles compile-time scope entry.
4048 Arranges for hints to be restored on block
4049 exit and also handles pad sequence numbers to make lexical variables scope
4050 right. Returns a savestack index for use with C<block_end>.
4056 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
4058 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
4060 PL_compiling.cop_seq = PL_cop_seqmax;
4062 pad_block_start(full);
4064 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4065 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
4066 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
4067 SAVEI32(PL_compiling.cop_seq);
4068 PL_compiling.cop_seq = 0;
4070 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
4076 =for apidoc Am|OP *|block_end|I32 floor|OP *seq
4078 Handles compile-time scope exit. C<floor>
4079 is the savestack index returned by
4080 C<block_start>, and C<seq> is the body of the block. Returns the block,
4087 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
4089 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4090 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
4093 /* XXX Is the null PL_parser check necessary here? */
4094 assert(PL_parser); /* Let’s find out under debugging builds. */
4095 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->parsed_sub) {
4096 o = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL);
4098 retval = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, retval, o);
4101 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
4105 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
4109 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
4110 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
4111 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
4116 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
4119 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
4120 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
4121 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
4122 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
4123 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
4124 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
4125 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
4126 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
4127 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
4128 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
4129 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
4130 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
4131 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
4132 list of ops like this:
4156 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
4157 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
4158 for (;; kid = OpSIBLING(kid)) {
4159 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
4160 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
4161 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
4162 if (kid == last) break;
4164 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
4167 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
4173 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
4175 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
4177 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
4178 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
4184 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
4186 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
4188 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
4192 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
4194 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
4201 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
4202 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
4203 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
4206 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
4208 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
4209 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
4210 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
4213 scalar(PL_eval_root);
4215 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
4216 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
4217 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
4218 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
4219 i = PL_savestack_ix;
4222 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
4223 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
4224 S_prune_chain_head(&PL_eval_start);
4226 PL_savestack_ix = i;
4229 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
4230 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
4231 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
4232 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
4235 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
4236 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
4237 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
4238 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
4239 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
4240 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
4241 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
4244 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
4245 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
4246 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
4247 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
4248 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
4249 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
4250 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
4251 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
4252 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
4253 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
4256 PL_comppad_name = 0;
4258 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
4261 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
4262 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
4263 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
4264 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
4265 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
4266 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
4267 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
4268 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
4269 S_prune_chain_head(&PL_main_start);
4270 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4273 /* Register with debugger */
4275 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
4279 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
4281 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
4288 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
4290 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
4292 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
4293 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
4294 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
4301 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
4302 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
4303 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
4305 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
4308 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
4309 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
4313 if (*s && (strchr("@$%", *s) || (!lex && *s == '*'))
4315 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
4318 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
4320 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
4326 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
4327 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
4328 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
4330 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
4332 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
4342 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
4343 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
4344 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
4349 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
4351 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
4353 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4355 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
4356 o = op_convert_list(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
4361 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
4362 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
4364 I32 type = o->op_type;
4366 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
4368 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4370 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
4371 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4376 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
4377 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
4379 I32 type = o->op_type;
4381 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
4383 /* integerize op. */
4384 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
4387 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[++(o->op_type)];
4390 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
4391 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
4392 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
4398 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *const o)
4403 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
4408 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
4409 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
4411 U8 oldwarn = PL_dowarn;
4415 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
4417 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
4426 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4427 if (IN_LC_COMPILETIME(LC_CTYPE))
4436 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
4437 if (IN_LC_COMPILETIME(LC_COLLATE))
4442 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
4443 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
4444 if (IN_LC_COMPILETIME(LC_NUMERIC))
4449 if (!OpHAS_SIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first)
4450 || OpSIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first)->op_type != OP_CONST)
4453 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(OpSIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first));
4454 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
4456 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
4457 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
4458 if (isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(*s, 'p')) goto nope;
4465 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
4468 if (cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first->op_type != OP_CONST
4469 || SvPADTMP(cSVOPx_sv(cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first)))
4473 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
4474 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
4476 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4477 switch (curop->op_type) {
4479 if ( (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)
4480 && (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)) {
4481 no_bareword_allowed(curop);
4489 /* Foldable; move to next op in list */
4493 /* No other op types are considered foldable */
4498 curop = LINKLIST(o);
4499 old_next = o->op_next;
4503 old_cxix = cxstack_ix;
4504 create_eval_scope(NULL, G_FAKINGEVAL);
4506 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
4507 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
4508 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
4509 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
4510 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
4511 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is true. */
4512 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
4513 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
4517 /* Effective $^W=1. */
4518 if ( ! (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ALL_MASK))
4519 PL_dowarn |= G_WARN_ON;
4524 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
4525 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
4526 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
4528 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
4529 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
4532 else { assert(SvIMMORTAL(sv)); }
4535 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
4536 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
4538 o->op_next = old_next;
4542 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
4543 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
4544 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
4545 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
4546 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
4547 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
4550 PL_dowarn = oldwarn;
4551 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
4552 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
4553 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
4555 /* if we croaked, depending on how we croaked the eval scope
4556 * may or may not have already been popped */
4557 if (cxstack_ix > old_cxix) {
4558 assert(cxstack_ix == old_cxix + 1);
4559 assert(CxTYPE(CX_CUR()) == CXt_EVAL);
4560 delete_eval_scope();
4565 /* OP_STRINGIFY and constant folding are used to implement qq.
4566 Here the constant folding is an implementation detail that we
4567 want to hide. If the stringify op is itself already marked
4568 folded, however, then it is actually a folded join. */
4569 is_stringify = type == OP_STRINGIFY && !o->op_folded;
4574 else if (!SvIMMORTAL(sv)) {
4578 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
4579 if (!is_stringify) newop->op_folded = 1;
4587 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
4591 const SSize_t oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
4596 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
4597 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
4599 curop = LINKLIST(o);
4602 S_prune_chain_head(&curop);
4604 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
4607 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
4608 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
4609 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
4610 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
4612 OpTYPE_set(o, OP_RV2AV);
4613 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
4614 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
4615 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
4616 av = (AV *)SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--);
4618 /* replace subtree with an OP_CONST */
4619 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
4620 op_sibling_splice(o, NULL, -1, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, (SV *)av));
4623 if (AvFILLp(av) != -1)
4624 for (svp = AvARRAY(av) + AvFILLp(av); svp >= AvARRAY(av); --svp)
4627 SvREADONLY_on(*svp);
4634 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
4637 /* List constructors */
4640 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
4642 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
4643 op, returning the lengthened list. C<first> is the list-type op,
4644 and C<last> is the op to append to the list. C<optype> specifies the
4645 intended opcode for the list. If C<first> is not already a list of the
4646 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either C<first> or C<last>
4647 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
4653 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
4661 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
4662 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
4664 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
4667 op_sibling_splice(first, ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last, 0, last);
4668 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4673 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
4675 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
4676 returning the combined list. C<first> and C<last> are the list-type ops
4677 to concatenate. C<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
4678 If either C<first> or C<last> is not already a list of the right type,
4679 it will be upgraded into one. If either C<first> or C<last> is null,
4680 the other is returned unchanged.
4686 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
4694 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
4695 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
4697 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
4698 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
4700 OpMORESIB_set(((LISTOP*)first)->op_last, ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first);
4701 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
4702 OpLASTSIB_set(((LISTOP*)first)->op_last, first);
4703 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4705 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
4711 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
4713 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
4714 op, returning the lengthened list. C<first> is the op to prepend to the
4715 list, and C<last> is the list-type op. C<optype> specifies the intended
4716 opcode for the list. If C<last> is not already a list of the right type,
4717 it will be upgraded into one. If either C<first> or C<last> is null,
4718 the other is returned unchanged.
4724 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
4732 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
4733 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
4734 /* insert 'first' after pushmark */
4735 op_sibling_splice(last, cLISTOPx(last)->op_first, 0, first);
4736 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
4737 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
4740 op_sibling_splice(last, NULL, 0, first);
4741 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4745 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
4749 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_convert_list|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *o
4751 Converts C<o> into a list op if it is not one already, and then converts it
4752 into the specified C<type>, calling its check function, allocating a target if
4753 it needs one, and folding constants.
4755 A list-type op is usually constructed one kid at a time via C<newLISTOP>,
4756 C<op_prepend_elem> and C<op_append_elem>. Then finally it is passed to
4757 C<op_convert_list> to make it the right type.
4763 Perl_op_convert_list(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
4766 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
4767 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
4768 o = force_list(o, 0);
4771 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
4772 o->op_private &= ~OPpLVAL_INTRO;
4775 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
4776 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4778 OP * const kid2 = OpSIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4779 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
4780 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4781 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
4785 if (type != OP_SPLIT)
4786 /* At this point o is a LISTOP, but OP_SPLIT is a PMOP; let