3 * This file contains definitions for use with the UTF-8 encoding. It
4 * actually also works with the variant UTF-8 encoding called UTF-EBCDIC, and
5 * hides almost all of the differences between these from the caller. In other
6 * words, someone should #include this file, and if the code is being compiled
7 * on an EBCDIC platform, things should mostly just work.
9 * Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009,
10 * 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
12 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
13 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
17 #ifndef PERL_UTF8_H_ /* Guard against recursive inclusion */
18 #define PERL_UTF8_H_ 1
20 /* Use UTF-8 as the default script encoding?
21 * Turning this on will break scripts having non-UTF-8 binary
22 * data (such as Latin-1) in string literals. */
23 #ifdef USE_UTF8_SCRIPTS
24 # define USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES (!IN_BYTES)
26 # define USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES (PL_hints & HINT_UTF8)
29 #include "regcharclass.h"
30 #include "unicode_constants.h"
32 /* For to_utf8_fold_flags, q.v. */
33 #define FOLD_FLAGS_LOCALE 0x1
34 #define FOLD_FLAGS_FULL 0x2
35 #define FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII 0x4
38 =for apidoc is_ascii_string
40 This is a misleadingly-named synonym for L</is_utf8_invariant_string>.
41 On ASCII-ish platforms, the name isn't misleading: the ASCII-range characters
42 are exactly the UTF-8 invariants. But EBCDIC machines have more invariants
43 than just the ASCII characters, so C<is_utf8_invariant_string> is preferred.
45 =for apidoc is_invariant_string
47 This is a somewhat misleadingly-named synonym for L</is_utf8_invariant_string>.
48 C<is_utf8_invariant_string> is preferred, as it indicates under what conditions
49 the string is invariant.
53 #define is_ascii_string(s, len) is_utf8_invariant_string(s, len)
54 #define is_invariant_string(s, len) is_utf8_invariant_string(s, len)
56 #define uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags(d,uv,flags) \
57 uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags_msgs(d, uv, flags, 0)
58 #define uvchr_to_utf8(a,b) uvchr_to_utf8_flags(a,b,0)
59 #define uvchr_to_utf8_flags(d,uv,flags) \
60 uvchr_to_utf8_flags_msgs(d,uv,flags, 0)
61 #define uvchr_to_utf8_flags_msgs(d,uv,flags,msgs) \
62 uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags_msgs(d,NATIVE_TO_UNI(uv),flags, msgs)
63 #define utf8_to_uvchr_buf(s, e, lenp) \
64 utf8_to_uvchr_buf_helper((const U8 *) (s), (const U8 *) e, lenp)
65 #define utf8n_to_uvchr(s, len, lenp, flags) \
66 utf8n_to_uvchr_error(s, len, lenp, flags, 0)
67 #define utf8n_to_uvchr_error(s, len, lenp, flags, errors) \
68 utf8n_to_uvchr_msgs(s, len, lenp, flags, errors, 0)
70 #define to_uni_fold(c, p, lenp) _to_uni_fold_flags(c, p, lenp, FOLD_FLAGS_FULL)
72 #define foldEQ_utf8(s1, pe1, l1, u1, s2, pe2, l2, u2) \
73 foldEQ_utf8_flags(s1, pe1, l1, u1, s2, pe2, l2, u2, 0)
74 #define FOLDEQ_UTF8_NOMIX_ASCII (1 << 0)
75 #define FOLDEQ_LOCALE (1 << 1)
76 #define FOLDEQ_S1_ALREADY_FOLDED (1 << 2)
77 #define FOLDEQ_S2_ALREADY_FOLDED (1 << 3)
78 #define FOLDEQ_S1_FOLDS_SANE (1 << 4)
79 #define FOLDEQ_S2_FOLDS_SANE (1 << 5)
82 /* The equivalent of these macros but implementing UTF-EBCDIC
83 are in the following header file:
86 #include "utfebcdic.h"
93 =for apidoc AmnU|STRLEN|UTF8_MAXBYTES
95 The maximum width of a single UTF-8 encoded character, in bytes.
97 NOTE: Strictly speaking Perl's UTF-8 should not be called UTF-8 since UTF-8
98 is an encoding of Unicode, and Unicode's upper limit, 0x10FFFF, can be
99 expressed with 4 bytes. However, Perl thinks of UTF-8 as a way to encode
100 non-negative integers in a binary format, even those above Unicode.
104 #define UTF8_MAXBYTES 13
107 EXTCONST unsigned char PL_utf8skip[] = {
108 /* 0x00 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
109 /* 0x10 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
110 /* 0x20 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
111 /* 0x30 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
112 /* 0x40 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
113 /* 0x50 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
114 /* 0x60 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
115 /* 0x70 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* ascii */
116 /* 0x80 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus: continuation byte */
117 /* 0x90 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus: continuation byte */
118 /* 0xA0 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus: continuation byte */
119 /* 0xB0 */ 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, /* bogus: continuation byte */
120 /* 0xC0 */ 2,2, /* overlong */
121 /* 0xC2 */ 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, /* U+0080 to U+03FF */
122 /* 0xD0 */ 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, /* U+0400 to U+07FF */
123 /* 0xE0 */ 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3, /* U+0800 to U+FFFF */
124 /* 0xF0 */ 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,6,6, /* above BMP to 2**31 - 1 */
125 /* Perl extended (never was official UTF-8). Up to 36 bit */
127 /* More extended, Up to 72 bits (64-bit + reserved) */
128 /* 0xFF */ UTF8_MAXBYTES
131 EXTCONST unsigned char PL_utf8skip[];
138 =for apidoc Am|U8|NATIVE_TO_LATIN1|U8 ch
140 Returns the Latin-1 (including ASCII and control characters) equivalent of the
141 input native code point given by C<ch>. Thus, C<NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(193)> on
142 EBCDIC platforms returns 65. These each represent the character C<"A"> on
143 their respective platforms. On ASCII platforms no conversion is needed, so
144 this macro expands to just its input, adding no time nor space requirements to
147 For conversion of code points potentially larger than will fit in a character,
148 use L</NATIVE_TO_UNI>.
150 =for apidoc Am|U8|LATIN1_TO_NATIVE|U8 ch
152 Returns the native equivalent of the input Latin-1 code point (including ASCII
153 and control characters) given by C<ch>. Thus, C<LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(66)> on
154 EBCDIC platforms returns 194. These each represent the character C<"B"> on
155 their respective platforms. On ASCII platforms no conversion is needed, so
156 this macro expands to just its input, adding no time nor space requirements to
159 For conversion of code points potentially larger than will fit in a character,
160 use L</UNI_TO_NATIVE>.
162 =for apidoc Am|UV|NATIVE_TO_UNI|UV ch
164 Returns the Unicode equivalent of the input native code point given by C<ch>.
165 Thus, C<NATIVE_TO_UNI(195)> on EBCDIC platforms returns 67. These each
166 represent the character C<"C"> on their respective platforms. On ASCII
167 platforms no conversion is needed, so this macro expands to just its input,
168 adding no time nor space requirements to the implementation.
170 =for apidoc Am|UV|UNI_TO_NATIVE|UV ch
172 Returns the native equivalent of the input Unicode code point given by C<ch>.
173 Thus, C<UNI_TO_NATIVE(68)> on EBCDIC platforms returns 196. These each
174 represent the character C<"D"> on their respective platforms. On ASCII
175 platforms no conversion is needed, so this macro expands to just its input,
176 adding no time nor space requirements to the implementation.
181 #define NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(ch) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(ch)) ((U8) ((ch) | 0)))
182 #define LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(ch) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(ch)) ((U8) ((ch) | 0)))
184 /* I8 is an intermediate version of UTF-8 used only in UTF-EBCDIC. We thus
185 * consider it to be identical to UTF-8 on ASCII platforms. Strictly speaking
186 * UTF-8 and UTF-EBCDIC are two different things, but we often conflate them
187 * because they are 8-bit encodings that serve the same purpose in Perl, and
188 * rarely do we need to distinguish them. The term "NATIVE_UTF8" applies to
189 * whichever one is applicable on the current platform */
190 #define NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(ch) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(ch)) ((U8) ((ch) | 0)))
191 #define I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(ch) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(ch)) ((U8) ((ch) | 0)))
193 #define UNI_TO_NATIVE(ch) ((UV) ((ch) | 0))
194 #define NATIVE_TO_UNI(ch) ((UV) ((ch) | 0))
198 The following table is from Unicode 3.2, plus the Perl extensions for above
201 Code Points 1st Byte 2nd Byte 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th-13th
203 U+0000..U+007F 00..7F
204 U+0080..U+07FF * C2..DF 80..BF
205 U+0800..U+0FFF E0 * A0..BF 80..BF
206 U+1000..U+CFFF E1..EC 80..BF 80..BF
207 U+D000..U+D7FF ED 80..9F 80..BF
208 U+D800..U+DFFF ED A0..BF 80..BF (surrogates)
209 U+E000..U+FFFF EE..EF 80..BF 80..BF
210 U+10000..U+3FFFF F0 * 90..BF 80..BF 80..BF
211 U+40000..U+FFFFF F1..F3 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
212 U+100000..U+10FFFF F4 80..8F 80..BF 80..BF
213 Below are above-Unicode code points
214 U+110000..U+13FFFF F4 90..BF 80..BF 80..BF
215 U+110000..U+1FFFFF F5..F7 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
216 U+200000..U+FFFFFF F8 * 88..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
217 U+1000000..U+3FFFFFF F9..FB 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
218 U+4000000..U+3FFFFFFF FC * 84..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
219 U+40000000..U+7FFFFFFF FD 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
220 U+80000000..U+FFFFFFFFF FE * 82..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
221 U+1000000000.. FF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF * 81..BF 80..BF
223 Note the gaps before several of the byte entries above marked by '*'. These are
224 caused by legal UTF-8 avoiding non-shortest encodings: it is technically
225 possible to UTF-8-encode a single code point in different ways, but that is
226 explicitly forbidden, and the shortest possible encoding should always be used
227 (and that is what Perl does). The non-shortest ones are called 'overlongs'.
232 Another way to look at it, as bits:
234 Code Points 1st Byte 2nd Byte 3rd Byte 4th Byte
237 0000 0bbb bbaa aaaa 110b bbbb 10aa aaaa
238 cccc bbbb bbaa aaaa 1110 cccc 10bb bbbb 10aa aaaa
239 00 000d ddcc cccc bbbb bbaa aaaa 1111 0ddd 10cc cccc 10bb bbbb 10aa aaaa
241 As you can see, the continuation bytes all begin with C<10>, and the
242 leading bits of the start byte tell how many bytes there are in the
245 Perl's extended UTF-8 means we can have start bytes up through FF, though any
246 beginning with FF yields a code point that is too large for 32-bit ASCII
247 platforms. FF signals to use 13 bytes for the encoded character. This breaks
248 the paradigm that the number of leading bits gives how many total bytes there
249 are in the character. */
251 /* This is the number of low-order bits a continuation byte in a UTF-8 encoded
252 * sequence contributes to the specification of the code point. In the bit
253 * maps above, you see that the first 2 bits are a constant '10', leaving 6 of
254 * real information */
255 #define UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT 6
257 /* ^? is defined to be DEL on ASCII systems. See the definition of toCTRL()
259 #define QUESTION_MARK_CTRL DEL_NATIVE
261 /* Surrogates, non-character code points and above-Unicode code points are
262 * problematic in some contexts. This allows code that needs to check for
263 * those to quickly exclude the vast majority of code points it will
265 #define isUTF8_POSSIBLY_PROBLEMATIC(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
268 #define UNICODE_IS_PERL_EXTENDED(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) > 0x7FFFFFFF)
270 #endif /* EBCDIC vs ASCII */
272 /* 2**UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT - 1. This masks out all but the bits that carry
273 * real information in a continuation byte. This turns out to be 0x3F in
274 * UTF-8, 0x1F in UTF-EBCDIC. */
275 #define UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK ((U8) (nBIT_MASK(UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT)))
277 /* For use in UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(). This turns out to be 0xC0 in UTF-8,
278 * E0 in UTF-EBCDIC */
279 #define UTF_IS_CONTINUATION_MASK ((U8) (0xFF << UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))
281 /* This defines the bits that are to be in the continuation bytes of a
282 * multi-byte UTF-8 encoded character that mark it is a continuation byte.
283 * This turns out to be 0x80 in UTF-8, 0xA0 in UTF-EBCDIC. (khw doesn't know
284 * the underlying reason that B0 works here) */
285 #define UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK (UTF_IS_CONTINUATION_MASK & 0xB0)
287 /* Is the byte 'c' part of a multi-byte UTF8-8 encoded sequence, and not the
288 * first byte thereof? */
289 #define UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
290 (((NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(c) & UTF_IS_CONTINUATION_MASK) \
291 == UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK)))
293 /* Is the representation of the Unicode code point 'cp' the same regardless of
294 * being encoded in UTF-8 or not? This is a fundamental property of
296 #define OFFUNI_IS_INVARIANT(c) (((WIDEST_UTYPE)(c)) < UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK)
299 =for apidoc Am|bool|UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT|UV cp
301 Evaluates to 1 if the representation of code point C<cp> is the same whether or
302 not it is encoded in UTF-8; otherwise evaluates to 0. UTF-8 invariant
303 characters can be copied as-is when converting to/from UTF-8, saving time.
304 C<cp> is Unicode if above 255; otherwise is platform-native.
308 #define UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(cp) (OFFUNI_IS_INVARIANT(NATIVE_TO_UNI(cp)))
310 /* Internal macro to be used only in this file to aid in constructing other
311 * publicly accessible macros.
312 * The number of bytes required to express this uv in UTF-8, for just those
313 * uv's requiring 2 through 6 bytes, as these are common to all platforms and
314 * word sizes. The number of bytes needed is given by the number of leading 1
315 * bits in the start byte. There are 32 start bytes that have 2 initial 1 bits
316 * (C0-DF); there are 16 that have 3 initial 1 bits (E0-EF); 8 that have 4
317 * initial 1 bits (F0-F8); 4 that have 5 initial 1 bits (F9-FB), and 2 that
318 * have 6 initial 1 bits (FC-FD). The largest number a string of n bytes can
319 * represent is (the number of possible start bytes for 'n')
320 * * (the number of possiblities for each start byte
321 * The latter in turn is
322 * 2 ** ( (how many continuation bytes there are)
323 * * (the number of bits of information each
324 * continuation byte holds))
326 * If we were on a platform where we could use a fast find first set bit
327 * instruction (or count leading zeros instruction) this could be replaced by
328 * using that to find the log2 of the uv, and divide that by the number of bits
329 * of information in each continuation byte, adjusting for large cases and how
330 * much information is in a start byte for that length */
331 #define __COMMON_UNI_SKIP(uv) \
332 (UV) (uv) < (32 * (1U << ( UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 2 : \
333 (UV) (uv) < (16 * (1U << (2 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 3 : \
334 (UV) (uv) < ( 8 * (1U << (3 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 4 : \
335 (UV) (uv) < ( 4 * (1U << (4 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 5 : \
336 (UV) (uv) < ( 2 * (1U << (5 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) ? 6 :
338 /* Internal macro to be used only in this file.
339 * This adds to __COMMON_UNI_SKIP the details at this platform's upper range.
340 * For any-sized EBCDIC platforms, or 64-bit ASCII ones, we need one more test
341 * to see if just 7 bytes is needed, or if the maximum is needed. For 32-bit
342 * ASCII platforms, everything is representable by 7 bytes */
343 #if defined(UV_IS_QUAD) || defined(EBCDIC)
344 # define __BASE_UNI_SKIP(uv) (__COMMON_UNI_SKIP(uv) \
345 LIKELY((UV) (uv) < ((UV) 1U << (6 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT))) \
349 # define __BASE_UNI_SKIP(uv) (__COMMON_UNI_SKIP(uv) 7)
352 /* The next two macros use the base macro defined above, and add in the tests
353 * at the low-end of the range, for just 1 byte, yielding complete macros,
354 * publicly accessible. */
356 /* Input is a true Unicode (not-native) code point */
357 #define OFFUNISKIP(uv) (OFFUNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv) ? 1 : __BASE_UNI_SKIP(uv))
361 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UVCHR_SKIP|UV cp
362 returns the number of bytes required to represent the code point C<cp> when
363 encoded as UTF-8. C<cp> is a native (ASCII or EBCDIC) code point if less than
364 255; a Unicode code point otherwise.
368 #define UVCHR_SKIP(uv) ( UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(uv) ? 1 : __BASE_UNI_SKIP(uv))
370 #define UTF_MIN_START_BYTE \
371 ((UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK >> UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) | UTF_START_MARK(2))
373 /* Is the byte 'c' the first byte of a multi-byte UTF8-8 encoded sequence?
374 * This excludes invariants (they are single-byte). It also excludes the
375 * illegal overlong sequences that begin with C0 and C1 on ASCII platforms, and
376 * C0-C4 I8 start bytes on EBCDIC ones. On EBCDIC E0 can't start a
377 * non-overlong sequence, so we define a base macro and for those platforms,
378 * extend it to also exclude E0 */
379 #define UTF8_IS_START_base(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
380 (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(c) >= UTF_MIN_START_BYTE))
382 # define UTF8_IS_START(c) \
383 (UTF8_IS_START_base(c) && (c) != I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(0xE0))
385 # define UTF8_IS_START(c) UTF8_IS_START_base(c)
388 #define UTF_MIN_ABOVE_LATIN1_BYTE \
389 ((0x100 >> UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) | UTF_START_MARK(2))
391 /* Is the UTF8-encoded byte 'c' the first byte of a sequence of bytes that
392 * represent a code point > 255? */
393 #define UTF8_IS_ABOVE_LATIN1(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
394 (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(c) >= UTF_MIN_ABOVE_LATIN1_BYTE))
396 /* Is the UTF8-encoded byte 'c' the first byte of a two byte sequence? Use
397 * UTF8_IS_NEXT_CHAR_DOWNGRADEABLE() instead if the input isn't known to
399 #define UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
400 inRANGE(NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(c), \
401 UTF_MIN_START_BYTE, UTF_MIN_ABOVE_LATIN1_BYTE - 1))
403 /* The largest code point representable by two UTF-8 bytes on this platform.
404 * As explained in the comments for __COMMON_UNI_SKIP, 32 start bytes with
405 * UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT bits of information each */
406 #define MAX_UTF8_TWO_BYTE (32 * (1U << UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) - 1)
408 /* The largest code point representable by two UTF-8 bytes on any platform that
409 * Perl runs on. This value is constrained by EBCDIC which has 5 bits per
410 * continuation byte */
411 #define MAX_PORTABLE_UTF8_TWO_BYTE (32 * nBIT_UMAX(5))
415 =for apidoc AmnU|STRLEN|UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE
417 The maximum number of UTF-8 bytes a single Unicode character can
418 uppercase/lowercase/titlecase/fold into.
422 * Unicode guarantees that the maximum expansion is UTF8_MAX_FOLD_CHAR_EXPAND
423 * characters, but any above-Unicode code point will fold to itself, so we only
424 * have to look at the expansion of the maximum Unicode code point. But this
425 * number may be less than the space occupied by a very large code point under
426 * Perl's extended UTF-8. We have to make it large enough to fit any single
427 * character. (It turns out that ASCII and EBCDIC differ in which is larger)
431 #define UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE \
432 MAX(UTF8_MAXBYTES, UTF8_MAX_FOLD_CHAR_EXPAND * OFFUNISKIP(0x10FFFF))
434 /* Rest of these are attributes of Unicode and perl's internals rather than the
435 * encoding, or happen to be the same in both ASCII and EBCDIC (at least at
436 * this level; the macros that some of these call may have different
437 * definitions in the two encodings */
439 /* In domain restricted to ASCII, these may make more sense to the reader than
440 * the ones with Latin1 in the name */
441 #define NATIVE_TO_ASCII(ch) NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(ch)
442 #define ASCII_TO_NATIVE(ch) LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(ch)
444 /* More or less misleadingly-named defines, retained for back compat */
445 #define NATIVE_TO_UTF(ch) NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(ch)
446 #define NATIVE_TO_I8(ch) NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(ch)
447 #define UTF_TO_NATIVE(ch) I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(ch)
448 #define I8_TO_NATIVE(ch) I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(ch)
449 #define NATIVE8_TO_UNI(ch) NATIVE_TO_LATIN1(ch)
451 /* This defines the 1-bits that are to be in the first byte of a multi-byte
452 * UTF-8 encoded character that mark it as a start byte and give the number of
453 * bytes that comprise the character. 'len' is the number of bytes in the
454 * multi-byte sequence. */
455 #define UTF_START_MARK(len) (UNLIKELY((len) > 7) \
457 : ((U8) (0xFE << (7-(len)))))
459 /* Masks out the initial one bits in a start byte, leaving the real data ones.
460 * Doesn't work on an invariant byte. 'len' is the number of bytes in the
461 * multi-byte sequence that comprises the character. */
462 #define UTF_START_MASK(len) (UNLIKELY((len) >= 7) ? 0x00 : (0x1F >> ((len)-2)))
464 /* Adds a UTF8 continuation byte 'new' of information to a running total code
465 * point 'old' of all the continuation bytes so far. This is designed to be
466 * used in a loop to convert from UTF-8 to the code point represented. Note
467 * that this is asymmetric on EBCDIC platforms, in that the 'new' parameter is
468 * the UTF-EBCDIC byte, whereas the 'old' parameter is a Unicode (not EBCDIC)
469 * code point in process of being generated */
470 #define UTF8_ACCUMULATE(old, new) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(new)) \
471 ((old) << UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) \
472 | ((NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(new)) \
473 & UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK))
475 /* This works in the face of malformed UTF-8. */
476 #define UTF8_IS_NEXT_CHAR_DOWNGRADEABLE(s, e) \
477 ( UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*(s)) \
478 && ( (e) - (s) > 1) \
479 && UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*((s)+1)))
481 /* Number of bytes a code point occupies in UTF-8. */
482 #define NATIVE_SKIP(uv) UVCHR_SKIP(uv)
484 /* Most code which says UNISKIP is really thinking in terms of native code
485 * points (0-255) plus all those beyond. This is an imprecise term, but having
486 * it means existing code continues to work. For precision, use UVCHR_SKIP,
487 * NATIVE_SKIP, or OFFUNISKIP */
488 #define UNISKIP(uv) UVCHR_SKIP(uv)
490 /* Longer, but more accurate name */
491 #define UTF8_IS_ABOVE_LATIN1_START(c) UTF8_IS_ABOVE_LATIN1(c)
493 /* Convert a UTF-8 variant Latin1 character to a native code point value.
494 * Needs just one iteration of accumulate. Should be used only if it is known
495 * that the code point is < 256, and is not UTF-8 invariant. Use the slower
496 * but more general TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_NATIVE() which handles any code point
497 * representable by two bytes (which turns out to be up through
498 * MAX_PORTABLE_UTF8_TWO_BYTE). The two parameters are:
499 * HI: a downgradable start byte;
502 #define EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(HI, LO) \
503 ( __ASSERT_(UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(HI)) \
504 __ASSERT_(UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(LO)) \
505 LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(UTF8_ACCUMULATE(( \
506 NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(HI) & UTF_START_MASK(2)), (LO))))
508 /* Convert a two (not one) byte utf8 character to a native code point value.
509 * Needs just one iteration of accumulate. Should not be used unless it is
510 * known that the two bytes are legal: 1) two-byte start, and 2) continuation.
511 * Note that the result can be larger than 255 if the input character is not
513 #define TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(HI, LO) \
514 (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(HI)) \
515 __ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(LO)) \
516 __ASSERT_(PL_utf8skip[HI] == 2) \
517 __ASSERT_(UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(LO)) \
518 UNI_TO_NATIVE(UTF8_ACCUMULATE((NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(HI) & UTF_START_MASK(2)), \
521 /* Should never be used, and be deprecated */
522 #define TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_UNI(HI, LO) NATIVE_TO_UNI(TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(HI, LO))
526 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UTF8SKIP|char* s
527 returns the number of bytes a non-malformed UTF-8 encoded character whose first
528 (perhaps only) byte is pointed to by C<s>.
530 If there is a possibility of malformed input, use instead:
534 =item C<L</UTF8_SAFE_SKIP>> if you know the maximum ending pointer in the
535 buffer pointed to by C<s>; or
537 =item C<L</UTF8_CHK_SKIP>> if you don't know it.
541 It is better to restructure your code so the end pointer is passed down so that
542 you know what it actually is at the point of this call, but if that isn't
543 possible, C<L</UTF8_CHK_SKIP>> can minimize the chance of accessing beyond the end
548 #define UTF8SKIP(s) PL_utf8skip[*(const U8*)(s)]
551 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UTF8_SKIP|char* s
552 This is a synonym for C<L</UTF8SKIP>>
557 #define UTF8_SKIP(s) UTF8SKIP(s)
560 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UTF8_CHK_SKIP|char* s
562 This is a safer version of C<L</UTF8SKIP>>, but still not as safe as
563 C<L</UTF8_SAFE_SKIP>>. This version doesn't blindly assume that the input
564 string pointed to by C<s> is well-formed, but verifies that there isn't a NUL
565 terminating character before the expected end of the next character in C<s>.
566 The length C<UTF8_CHK_SKIP> returns stops just before any such NUL.
568 Perl tends to add NULs, as an insurance policy, after the end of strings in
569 SV's, so it is likely that using this macro will prevent inadvertent reading
570 beyond the end of the input buffer, even if it is malformed UTF-8.
572 This macro is intended to be used by XS modules where the inputs could be
573 malformed, and it isn't feasible to restructure to use the safer
574 C<L</UTF8_SAFE_SKIP>>, for example when interfacing with a C library.
579 #define UTF8_CHK_SKIP(s) \
580 (UNLIKELY(s[0] == '\0') ? 1 : MIN(UTF8SKIP(s), \
581 my_strnlen((char *) (s), UTF8SKIP(s))))
584 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|UTF8_SAFE_SKIP|char* s|char* e
585 returns 0 if S<C<s E<gt>= e>>; otherwise returns the number of bytes in the
586 UTF-8 encoded character whose first byte is pointed to by C<s>. But it never
587 returns beyond C<e>. On DEBUGGING builds, it asserts that S<C<s E<lt>= e>>.
591 #define UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(s, e) (__ASSERT_((e) >= (s)) \
592 UNLIKELY(((e) - (s)) <= 0) \
594 : MIN(((e) - (s)), UTF8_SKIP(s)))
596 /* Most code that says 'UNI_' really means the native value for code points up
598 #define UNI_IS_INVARIANT(cp) UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(cp)
601 =for apidoc Am|bool|UTF8_IS_INVARIANT|char c
603 Evaluates to 1 if the byte C<c> represents the same character when encoded in
604 UTF-8 as when not; otherwise evaluates to 0. UTF-8 invariant characters can be
605 copied as-is when converting to/from UTF-8, saving time.
607 In spite of the name, this macro gives the correct result if the input string
608 from which C<c> comes is not encoded in UTF-8.
610 See C<L</UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT>> for checking if a UV is invariant.
614 The reason it works on both UTF-8 encoded strings and non-UTF-8 encoded, is
615 that it returns TRUE in each for the exact same set of bit patterns. It is
616 valid on a subset of what UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT is valid on, so can just use that;
617 and the compiler should optimize out anything extraneous given the
618 implementation of the latter. The |0 makes sure this isn't mistakenly called
621 #define UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c) UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT((c) | 0)
623 /* Like the above, but its name implies a non-UTF8 input, which as the comments
624 * above show, doesn't matter as to its implementation */
625 #define NATIVE_BYTE_IS_INVARIANT(c) UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(c)
627 /* Misleadingly named: is the UTF8-encoded byte 'c' part of a variant sequence
628 * in UTF-8? This is the inverse of UTF8_IS_INVARIANT. */
629 #define UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
630 (! UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c)))
632 /* The macros in the next 4 sets are used to generate the two utf8 or utfebcdic
633 * bytes from an ordinal that is known to fit into exactly two (not one) bytes;
634 * it must be less than 0x3FF to work across both encodings. */
636 /* These two are helper macros for the other three sets, and should not be used
637 * directly anywhere else. 'translate_function' is either NATIVE_TO_LATIN1
638 * (which works for code points up through 0xFF) or NATIVE_TO_UNI which works
639 * for any code point */
640 #define __BASE_TWO_BYTE_HI(c, translate_function) \
641 (__ASSERT_(! UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(c)) \
642 I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8((translate_function(c) >> UTF_ACCUMULATION_SHIFT) \
643 | UTF_START_MARK(2)))
644 #define __BASE_TWO_BYTE_LO(c, translate_function) \
645 (__ASSERT_(! UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(c)) \
646 I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8((translate_function(c) & UTF_CONTINUATION_MASK) \
647 | UTF_CONTINUATION_MARK))
649 /* The next two macros should not be used. They were designed to be usable as
650 * the case label of a switch statement, but this doesn't work for EBCDIC. Use
651 * regen/unicode_constants.pl instead */
652 #define UTF8_TWO_BYTE_HI_nocast(c) __BASE_TWO_BYTE_HI(c, NATIVE_TO_UNI)
653 #define UTF8_TWO_BYTE_LO_nocast(c) __BASE_TWO_BYTE_LO(c, NATIVE_TO_UNI)
655 /* The next two macros are used when the source should be a single byte
656 * character; checked for under DEBUGGING */
657 #define UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
658 ( __BASE_TWO_BYTE_HI(c, NATIVE_TO_LATIN1)))
659 #define UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(c) (__ASSERT_(FITS_IN_8_BITS(c)) \
660 (__BASE_TWO_BYTE_LO(c, NATIVE_TO_LATIN1)))
662 /* These final two macros in the series are used when the source can be any
663 * code point whose UTF-8 is known to occupy 2 bytes; they are less efficient
664 * than the EIGHT_BIT versions on EBCDIC platforms. We use the logical '~'
665 * operator instead of "<=" to avoid getting compiler warnings.
666 * MAX_UTF8_TWO_BYTE should be exactly all one bits in the lower few
667 * places, so the ~ works */
668 #define UTF8_TWO_BYTE_HI(c) \
669 (__ASSERT_((sizeof(c) == 1) \
670 || !(((WIDEST_UTYPE)(c)) & ~MAX_UTF8_TWO_BYTE)) \
671 (__BASE_TWO_BYTE_HI(c, NATIVE_TO_UNI)))
672 #define UTF8_TWO_BYTE_LO(c) \
673 (__ASSERT_((sizeof(c) == 1) \
674 || !(((WIDEST_UTYPE)(c)) & ~MAX_UTF8_TWO_BYTE)) \
675 (__BASE_TWO_BYTE_LO(c, NATIVE_TO_UNI)))
677 /* This is illegal in any well-formed UTF-8 in both EBCDIC and ASCII
678 * as it is only in overlongs. */
679 #define ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE I8_TO_NATIVE_UTF8(0xC1)
682 * 'UTF' is whether or not p is encoded in UTF8. The names 'foo_lazy_if' stem
683 * from an earlier version of these macros in which they didn't call the
684 * foo_utf8() macros (i.e. were 'lazy') unless they decided that *p is the
685 * beginning of a utf8 character. Now that foo_utf8() determines that itself,
686 * no need to do it again here
688 #define isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(p, e, UTF) \
689 ((IN_BYTES || !UTF) \
691 : isIDFIRST_utf8_safe(p, e))
692 #define isWORDCHAR_lazy_if_safe(p, e, UTF) \
693 ((IN_BYTES || !UTF) \
695 : isWORDCHAR_utf8_safe((U8 *) p, (U8 *) e))
696 #define isALNUM_lazy_if_safe(p, e, UTF) isWORDCHAR_lazy_if_safe(p, e, UTF)
698 #define UTF8_MAXLEN UTF8_MAXBYTES
700 /* A Unicode character can fold to up to 3 characters */
701 #define UTF8_MAX_FOLD_CHAR_EXPAND 3
703 #define IN_BYTES UNLIKELY(CopHINTS_get(PL_curcop) & HINT_BYTES)
707 =for apidoc Am|bool|DO_UTF8|SV* sv
708 Returns a bool giving whether or not the PV in C<sv> is to be treated as being
711 You should use this I<after> a call to C<SvPV()> or one of its variants, in
712 case any call to string overloading updates the internal UTF-8 encoding flag.
716 #define DO_UTF8(sv) (SvUTF8(sv) && !IN_BYTES)
718 /* Should all strings be treated as Unicode, and not just UTF-8 encoded ones?
719 * Is so within 'feature unicode_strings' or 'locale :not_characters', and not
720 * within 'use bytes'. UTF-8 locales are not tested for here, but perhaps
722 #define IN_UNI_8_BIT \
723 (( ( (CopHINTS_get(PL_curcop) & HINT_UNI_8_BIT)) \
724 || ( CopHINTS_get(PL_curcop) & HINT_LOCALE_PARTIAL \
725 /* -1 below is for :not_characters */ \
726 && _is_in_locale_category(FALSE, -1))) \
730 #define UTF8_ALLOW_EMPTY 0x0001 /* Allow a zero length string */
731 #define UTF8_GOT_EMPTY UTF8_ALLOW_EMPTY
733 /* Allow first byte to be a continuation byte */
734 #define UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION 0x0002
735 #define UTF8_GOT_CONTINUATION UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION
737 /* Unexpected non-continuation byte */
738 #define UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION 0x0004
739 #define UTF8_GOT_NON_CONTINUATION UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION
741 /* expecting more bytes than were available in the string */
742 #define UTF8_ALLOW_SHORT 0x0008
743 #define UTF8_GOT_SHORT UTF8_ALLOW_SHORT
745 /* Overlong sequence; i.e., the code point can be specified in fewer bytes.
746 * First one will convert the overlong to the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER; second
747 * will return what the overlong evaluates to */
748 #define UTF8_ALLOW_LONG 0x0010
749 #define UTF8_ALLOW_LONG_AND_ITS_VALUE (UTF8_ALLOW_LONG|0x0020)
750 #define UTF8_GOT_LONG UTF8_ALLOW_LONG
752 #define UTF8_ALLOW_OVERFLOW 0x0080
753 #define UTF8_GOT_OVERFLOW UTF8_ALLOW_OVERFLOW
755 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_SURROGATE 0x0100 /* Unicode surrogates */
756 #define UTF8_GOT_SURROGATE UTF8_DISALLOW_SURROGATE
757 #define UTF8_WARN_SURROGATE 0x0200
759 /* Unicode non-character code points */
760 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_NONCHAR 0x0400
761 #define UTF8_GOT_NONCHAR UTF8_DISALLOW_NONCHAR
762 #define UTF8_WARN_NONCHAR 0x0800
764 /* Super-set of Unicode: code points above the legal max */
765 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_SUPER 0x1000
766 #define UTF8_GOT_SUPER UTF8_DISALLOW_SUPER
767 #define UTF8_WARN_SUPER 0x2000
769 /* The original UTF-8 standard did not define UTF-8 with start bytes of 0xFE or
770 * 0xFF, though UTF-EBCDIC did. This allowed both versions to represent code
771 * points up to 2 ** 31 - 1. Perl extends UTF-8 so that 0xFE and 0xFF are
772 * usable on ASCII platforms, and 0xFF means something different than
773 * UTF-EBCDIC defines. These changes allow code points of 64 bits (actually
774 * somewhat more) to be represented on both platforms. But these are Perl
775 * extensions, and not likely to be interchangeable with other languages. Note
776 * that on ASCII platforms, FE overflows a signed 32-bit word, and FF an
778 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED 0x4000
779 #define UTF8_GOT_PERL_EXTENDED UTF8_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
780 #define UTF8_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED 0x8000
782 /* For back compat, these old names are misleading for overlongs and
784 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_ABOVE_31_BIT UTF8_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
785 #define UTF8_GOT_ABOVE_31_BIT UTF8_GOT_PERL_EXTENDED
786 #define UTF8_WARN_ABOVE_31_BIT UTF8_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED
787 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_FE_FF UTF8_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
788 #define UTF8_WARN_FE_FF UTF8_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED
790 #define UTF8_CHECK_ONLY 0x10000
791 #define _UTF8_NO_CONFIDENCE_IN_CURLEN 0x20000 /* Internal core use only */
793 /* For backwards source compatibility. They do nothing, as the default now
794 * includes what they used to mean. The first one's meaning was to allow the
795 * just the single non-character 0xFFFF */
796 #define UTF8_ALLOW_FFFF 0
797 #define UTF8_ALLOW_FE_FF 0
798 #define UTF8_ALLOW_SURROGATE 0
800 /* C9 refers to Unicode Corrigendum #9: allows but discourages non-chars */
801 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE \
802 (UTF8_DISALLOW_SUPER|UTF8_DISALLOW_SURROGATE)
803 #define UTF8_WARN_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE (UTF8_WARN_SUPER|UTF8_WARN_SURROGATE)
805 #define UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE \
806 (UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE|UTF8_DISALLOW_NONCHAR)
807 #define UTF8_WARN_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE \
808 (UTF8_WARN_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE|UTF8_WARN_NONCHAR)
810 /* This is typically used for code that processes UTF-8 input and doesn't want
811 * to have to deal with any malformations that might be present. All such will
812 * be safely replaced by the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, unless other flags
813 * overriding this are also present. */
814 #define UTF8_ALLOW_ANY ( UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION \
815 |UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION \
818 |UTF8_ALLOW_OVERFLOW)
820 /* Accept any Perl-extended UTF-8 that evaluates to any UV on the platform, but
821 * not any malformed. This is the default. */
822 #define UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV 0
823 #define UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV
826 =for apidoc Am|bool|UTF8_IS_SURROGATE|const U8 *s|const U8 *e
828 Evaluates to non-zero if the first few bytes of the string starting at C<s> and
829 looking no further than S<C<e - 1>> are well-formed UTF-8 that represents one
830 of the Unicode surrogate code points; otherwise it evaluates to 0. If
831 non-zero, the value gives how many bytes starting at C<s> comprise the code
832 point's representation.
836 #define UTF8_IS_SURROGATE(s, e) is_SURROGATE_utf8_safe(s, e)
839 #define UTF8_IS_REPLACEMENT(s, send) is_REPLACEMENT_utf8_safe(s,send)
841 #define MAX_LEGAL_CP ((UV)IV_MAX)
844 =for apidoc Am|bool|UTF8_IS_SUPER|const U8 *s|const U8 *e
846 Recall that Perl recognizes an extension to UTF-8 that can encode code
847 points larger than the ones defined by Unicode, which are 0..0x10FFFF.
849 This macro evaluates to non-zero if the first few bytes of the string starting
850 at C<s> and looking no further than S<C<e - 1>> are from this UTF-8 extension;
851 otherwise it evaluates to 0. If non-zero, the value gives how many bytes
852 starting at C<s> comprise the code point's representation.
854 0 is returned if the bytes are not well-formed extended UTF-8, or if they
855 represent a code point that cannot fit in a UV on the current platform. Hence
856 this macro can give different results when run on a 64-bit word machine than on
857 one with a 32-bit word size.
859 Note that it is illegal to have code points that are larger than what can
860 fit in an IV on the current machine.
865 * U+10FFFF: \xF4\x8F\xBF\xBF \xF9\xA1\xBF\xBF\xBF max legal Unicode
866 * U+110000: \xF4\x90\x80\x80 \xF9\xA2\xA0\xA0\xA0
867 * U+110001: \xF4\x90\x80\x81 \xF9\xA2\xA0\xA0\xA1
870 # define UTF8_IS_SUPER(s, e) \
872 && (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(*(s)) >= 0xF9) \
873 && UNLIKELY( NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(*(s)) > 0xF9 \
874 || (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(*((s) + 1)) >= 0xA2)) \
875 && LIKELY((s) + UTF8SKIP(s) <= (e))) \
876 ? is_utf8_char_helper(s, s + UTF8SKIP(s), 0) : 0
878 # define UTF8_IS_SUPER(s, e) \
880 && (*(U8*) (s)) >= 0xF4 \
881 && (UNLIKELY( ((*(U8*) (s)) > 0xF4) \
882 || (*((U8*) (s) + 1) >= 0x90))) \
883 && LIKELY((s) + UTF8SKIP(s) <= (e))) \
884 ? is_utf8_char_helper(s, s + UTF8SKIP(s), 0) : 0)
887 /* These are now machine generated, and the 'given' clause is no longer
889 #define UTF8_IS_NONCHAR_GIVEN_THAT_NON_SUPER_AND_GE_PROBLEMATIC(s, e) \
890 cBOOL(is_NONCHAR_utf8_safe(s,e))
893 =for apidoc Am|bool|UTF8_IS_NONCHAR|const U8 *s|const U8 *e
895 Evaluates to non-zero if the first few bytes of the string starting at C<s> and
896 looking no further than S<C<e - 1>> are well-formed UTF-8 that represents one
897 of the Unicode non-character code points; otherwise it evaluates to 0. If
898 non-zero, the value gives how many bytes starting at C<s> comprise the code
899 point's representation.
901 =for apidoc AmnU|UV|UNICODE_REPLACEMENT
903 Evaluates to 0xFFFD, the code point of the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
907 #define UTF8_IS_NONCHAR(s, e) \
908 UTF8_IS_NONCHAR_GIVEN_THAT_NON_SUPER_AND_GE_PROBLEMATIC(s, e)
910 #define UNICODE_SURROGATE_FIRST 0xD800
911 #define UNICODE_SURROGATE_LAST 0xDFFF
912 #define UNICODE_REPLACEMENT 0xFFFD
913 #define UNICODE_BYTE_ORDER_MARK 0xFEFF
915 /* Though our UTF-8 encoding can go beyond this,
916 * let's be conservative and do as Unicode says. */
917 #define PERL_UNICODE_MAX 0x10FFFF
919 #define UNICODE_WARN_SURROGATE 0x0001 /* UTF-16 surrogates */
920 #define UNICODE_WARN_NONCHAR 0x0002 /* Non-char code points */
921 #define UNICODE_WARN_SUPER 0x0004 /* Above 0x10FFFF */
922 #define UNICODE_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED 0x0008 /* Above 0x7FFF_FFFF */
923 #define UNICODE_WARN_ABOVE_31_BIT UNICODE_WARN_PERL_EXTENDED
924 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_SURROGATE 0x0010
925 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_NONCHAR 0x0020
926 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_SUPER 0x0040
927 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED 0x0080
930 # define UNICODE_ALLOW_ABOVE_IV_MAX 0x0100
932 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_ABOVE_31_BIT UNICODE_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
934 #define UNICODE_GOT_SURROGATE UNICODE_DISALLOW_SURROGATE
935 #define UNICODE_GOT_NONCHAR UNICODE_DISALLOW_NONCHAR
936 #define UNICODE_GOT_SUPER UNICODE_DISALLOW_SUPER
937 #define UNICODE_GOT_PERL_EXTENDED UNICODE_DISALLOW_PERL_EXTENDED
939 #define UNICODE_WARN_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE \
940 (UNICODE_WARN_SURROGATE|UNICODE_WARN_SUPER)
941 #define UNICODE_WARN_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE \
942 (UNICODE_WARN_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE|UNICODE_WARN_NONCHAR)
943 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE \
944 (UNICODE_DISALLOW_SURROGATE|UNICODE_DISALLOW_SUPER)
945 #define UNICODE_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE \
946 (UNICODE_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE|UNICODE_DISALLOW_NONCHAR)
948 /* For backward source compatibility, as are now the default */
949 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_SURROGATE 0
950 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_SUPER 0
951 #define UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY 0
953 /* This matches the 2048 code points between UNICODE_SURROGATE_FIRST (0xD800) and
954 * UNICODE_SURROGATE_LAST (0xDFFF) */
955 #define UNICODE_IS_SURROGATE(uv) UNLIKELY(((UV) (uv) & (~0xFFFF | 0xF800)) \
958 #define UNICODE_IS_REPLACEMENT(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) == UNICODE_REPLACEMENT)
959 #define UNICODE_IS_BYTE_ORDER_MARK(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) \
960 == UNICODE_BYTE_ORDER_MARK)
962 /* Is 'uv' one of the 32 contiguous-range noncharacters? */
963 #define UNICODE_IS_32_CONTIGUOUS_NONCHARS(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) >= 0xFDD0 \
964 && (UV) (uv) <= 0xFDEF)
966 /* Is 'uv' one of the 34 plane-ending noncharacters 0xFFFE, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFE,
967 * 0x1FFFF, ... 0x10FFFE, 0x10FFFF, given that we know that 'uv' is not above
968 * the Unicode legal max */
969 #define UNICODE_IS_END_PLANE_NONCHAR_GIVEN_NOT_SUPER(uv) \
970 UNLIKELY(((UV) (uv) & 0xFFFE) == 0xFFFE)
972 #define UNICODE_IS_NONCHAR(uv) \
973 ( UNICODE_IS_32_CONTIGUOUS_NONCHARS(uv) \
974 || ( LIKELY( ! UNICODE_IS_SUPER(uv)) \
975 && UNICODE_IS_END_PLANE_NONCHAR_GIVEN_NOT_SUPER(uv)))
977 #define UNICODE_IS_SUPER(uv) UNLIKELY((UV) (uv) > PERL_UNICODE_MAX)
979 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S_NATIVE
980 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS \
981 LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS_NATIVE
982 #define MICRO_SIGN MICRO_SIGN_NATIVE
983 #define LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE \
984 LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE_NATIVE
985 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE \
986 LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE_NATIVE
987 #define UNICODE_GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA 0x03A3
988 #define UNICODE_GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_FINAL_SIGMA 0x03C2
989 #define UNICODE_GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_SIGMA 0x03C3
990 #define GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU 0x03BC
991 #define GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_MU 0x039C /* Upper and title case
993 #define LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS 0x0178 /* Also is title case */
994 #ifdef LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_SHARP_S_UTF8
995 # define LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_SHARP_S 0x1E9E
997 #define LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_DOT_ABOVE 0x130
998 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_DOTLESS_I 0x131
999 #define LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_LONG_S 0x017F
1000 #define LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_LONG_S_T 0xFB05
1001 #define LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_ST 0xFB06
1002 #define KELVIN_SIGN 0x212A
1003 #define ANGSTROM_SIGN 0x212B
1005 #define UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT 0x0001
1006 #define UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH 0x0002
1007 #define UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSPACE 0x0004 /* Allow \b when also
1008 UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH */
1009 #define UNI_DISPLAY_QQ (UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT \
1010 |UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH \
1011 |UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSPACE)
1013 /* Character classes could also allow \b, but not patterns in general */
1014 #define UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX (UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT|UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH)
1016 /* Should be removed; maybe deprecated, but not used in CPAN */
1017 #define SHARP_S_SKIP 2
1019 #define is_utf8_char_buf(buf, buf_end) isUTF8_CHAR(buf, buf_end)
1020 #define bytes_from_utf8(s, lenp, is_utf8p) \
1021 bytes_from_utf8_loc(s, lenp, is_utf8p, 0)
1025 =for apidoc Am|STRLEN|isUTF8_CHAR_flags|const U8 *s|const U8 *e| const U32 flags
1027 Evaluates to non-zero if the first few bytes of the string starting at C<s> and
1028 looking no further than S<C<e - 1>> are well-formed UTF-8, as extended by Perl,
1029 that represents some code point, subject to the restrictions given by C<flags>;
1030 otherwise it evaluates to 0. If non-zero, the value gives how many bytes
1031 starting at C<s> comprise the code point's representation. Any bytes remaining
1032 before C<e>, but beyond the ones needed to form the first code point in C<s>,
1035 If C<flags> is 0, this gives the same results as C<L</isUTF8_CHAR>>;
1036 if C<flags> is C<UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_INTERCHANGE>, this gives the same results
1037 as C<L</isSTRICT_UTF8_CHAR>>;
1038 and if C<flags> is C<UTF8_DISALLOW_ILLEGAL_C9_INTERCHANGE>, this gives
1039 the same results as C<L</isC9_STRICT_UTF8_CHAR>>.
1040 Otherwise C<flags> may be any combination of the C<UTF8_DISALLOW_I<foo>> flags
1041 understood by C<L</utf8n_to_uvchr>>, with the same meanings.
1043 The three alternative macros are for the most commonly needed validations; they
1044 are likely to run somewhat faster than this more general one, as they can be
1045 inlined into your code.
1047 Use L</is_utf8_string_flags>, L</is_utf8_string_loc_flags>, and
1048 L</is_utf8_string_loclen_flags> to check entire strings.
1053 #define isUTF8_CHAR_flags(s, e, flags) \
1054 (UNLIKELY((e) <= (s)) \
1056 : (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) \
1058 : UNLIKELY(((e) - (s)) < UTF8SKIP(s)) \
1060 : is_utf8_char_helper(s, e, flags))
1062 /* Do not use; should be deprecated. Use isUTF8_CHAR() instead; this is
1063 * retained solely for backwards compatibility */
1064 #define IS_UTF8_CHAR(p, n) (isUTF8_CHAR(p, (p) + (n)) == n)
1066 #endif /* PERL_UTF8_H_ */
1069 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: