3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'I wonder what the Entish is for "yes" and "no",' he thought.
16 * [p.480 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/iv: "Treebeard"]
22 * This file contains the code that creates, manipulates and destroys
23 * scalar values (SVs). The other types (AV, HV, GV, etc.) reuse the
24 * structure of an SV, so their creation and destruction is handled
25 * here; higher-level functions are in av.c, hv.c, and so on. Opcode
26 * level functions (eg. substr, split, join) for each of the types are
38 /* Missing proto on LynxOS */
39 char *gconvert(double, int, int, char *);
42 #ifdef PERL_UTF8_CACHE_ASSERT
43 /* if adding more checks watch out for the following tests:
44 * t/op/index.t t/op/length.t t/op/pat.t t/op/substr.t
45 * lib/utf8.t lib/Unicode/Collate/t/index.t
48 # define ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache) \
49 STMT_START { if (cache) { assert((cache)[0] <= (cache)[1]); \
50 assert((cache)[2] <= (cache)[3]); \
51 assert((cache)[3] <= (cache)[1]);} \
54 # define ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache) NOOP
57 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
58 #define SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sv) INT2PTR(SV *,SvUVX(sv))
59 #define SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(current,next) SvUV_set(current, PTR2UV(next))
60 /* This is a pessimistic view. Scalar must be purely a read-write PV to copy-
64 /* ============================================================================
66 =head1 Allocation and deallocation of SVs.
68 An SV (or AV, HV, etc.) is allocated in two parts: the head (struct
69 sv, av, hv...) contains type and reference count information, and for
70 many types, a pointer to the body (struct xrv, xpv, xpviv...), which
71 contains fields specific to each type. Some types store all they need
72 in the head, so don't have a body.
74 In all but the most memory-paranoid configuations (ex: PURIFY), heads
75 and bodies are allocated out of arenas, which by default are
76 approximately 4K chunks of memory parcelled up into N heads or bodies.
77 Sv-bodies are allocated by their sv-type, guaranteeing size
78 consistency needed to allocate safely from arrays.
80 For SV-heads, the first slot in each arena is reserved, and holds a
81 link to the next arena, some flags, and a note of the number of slots.
82 Snaked through each arena chain is a linked list of free items; when
83 this becomes empty, an extra arena is allocated and divided up into N
84 items which are threaded into the free list.
86 SV-bodies are similar, but they use arena-sets by default, which
87 separate the link and info from the arena itself, and reclaim the 1st
88 slot in the arena. SV-bodies are further described later.
90 The following global variables are associated with arenas:
92 PL_sv_arenaroot pointer to list of SV arenas
93 PL_sv_root pointer to list of free SV structures
95 PL_body_arenas head of linked-list of body arenas
96 PL_body_roots[] array of pointers to list of free bodies of svtype
97 arrays are indexed by the svtype needed
99 A few special SV heads are not allocated from an arena, but are
100 instead directly created in the interpreter structure, eg PL_sv_undef.
101 The size of arenas can be changed from the default by setting
102 PERL_ARENA_SIZE appropriately at compile time.
104 The SV arena serves the secondary purpose of allowing still-live SVs
105 to be located and destroyed during final cleanup.
107 At the lowest level, the macros new_SV() and del_SV() grab and free
108 an SV head. (If debugging with -DD, del_SV() calls the function S_del_sv()
109 to return the SV to the free list with error checking.) new_SV() calls
110 more_sv() / sv_add_arena() to add an extra arena if the free list is empty.
111 SVs in the free list have their SvTYPE field set to all ones.
113 At the time of very final cleanup, sv_free_arenas() is called from
114 perl_destruct() to physically free all the arenas allocated since the
115 start of the interpreter.
117 The function visit() scans the SV arenas list, and calls a specified
118 function for each SV it finds which is still live - ie which has an SvTYPE
119 other than all 1's, and a non-zero SvREFCNT. visit() is used by the
120 following functions (specified as [function that calls visit()] / [function
121 called by visit() for each SV]):
123 sv_report_used() / do_report_used()
124 dump all remaining SVs (debugging aid)
126 sv_clean_objs() / do_clean_objs(),do_clean_named_objs()
127 Attempt to free all objects pointed to by RVs,
128 and, unless DISABLE_DESTRUCTOR_KLUDGE is defined,
129 try to do the same for all objects indirectly
130 referenced by typeglobs too. Called once from
131 perl_destruct(), prior to calling sv_clean_all()
134 sv_clean_all() / do_clean_all()
135 SvREFCNT_dec(sv) each remaining SV, possibly
136 triggering an sv_free(). It also sets the
137 SVf_BREAK flag on the SV to indicate that the
138 refcnt has been artificially lowered, and thus
139 stopping sv_free() from giving spurious warnings
140 about SVs which unexpectedly have a refcnt
141 of zero. called repeatedly from perl_destruct()
142 until there are no SVs left.
144 =head2 Arena allocator API Summary
146 Private API to rest of sv.c
150 new_XIV(), del_XIV(),
151 new_XNV(), del_XNV(),
156 sv_report_used(), sv_clean_objs(), sv_clean_all(), sv_free_arenas()
160 * ========================================================================= */
163 * "A time to plant, and a time to uproot what was planted..."
167 Perl_offer_nice_chunk(pTHX_ void *const chunk, const U32 chunk_size)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OFFER_NICE_CHUNK;
175 new_chunk = (void *)(chunk);
176 new_chunk_size = (chunk_size);
177 if (new_chunk_size > PL_nice_chunk_size) {
178 Safefree(PL_nice_chunk);
179 PL_nice_chunk = (char *) new_chunk;
180 PL_nice_chunk_size = new_chunk_size;
187 # define MEM_LOG_NEW_SV(sv, file, line, func) \
188 Perl_mem_log_new_sv(sv, file, line, func)
189 # define MEM_LOG_DEL_SV(sv, file, line, func) \
190 Perl_mem_log_del_sv(sv, file, line, func)
192 # define MEM_LOG_NEW_SV(sv, file, line, func) NOOP
193 # define MEM_LOG_DEL_SV(sv, file, line, func) NOOP
196 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
197 # define FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(sv) Safefree((sv)->sv_debug_file)
198 # define DEBUG_SV_SERIAL(sv) \
199 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) del_SV\n", \
200 PTR2UV(sv), (long)(sv)->sv_debug_serial))
202 # define FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(sv)
203 # define DEBUG_SV_SERIAL(sv) NOOP
207 # define SvARENA_CHAIN(sv) ((sv)->sv_u.svu_rv)
208 # define SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(sv,val) (sv)->sv_u.svu_rv = MUTABLE_SV((val))
209 /* Whilst I'd love to do this, it seems that things like to check on
211 # define POSION_SV_HEAD(sv) PoisonNew(sv, 1, struct STRUCT_SV)
213 # define POSION_SV_HEAD(sv) PoisonNew(&SvANY(sv), 1, void *), \
214 PoisonNew(&SvREFCNT(sv), 1, U32)
216 # define SvARENA_CHAIN(sv) SvANY(sv)
217 # define SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(sv,val) SvANY(sv) = (void *)(val)
218 # define POSION_SV_HEAD(sv)
221 /* Mark an SV head as unused, and add to free list.
223 * If SVf_BREAK is set, skip adding it to the free list, as this SV had
224 * its refcount artificially decremented during global destruction, so
225 * there may be dangling pointers to it. The last thing we want in that
226 * case is for it to be reused. */
228 #define plant_SV(p) \
230 const U32 old_flags = SvFLAGS(p); \
231 MEM_LOG_DEL_SV(p, __FILE__, __LINE__, FUNCTION__); \
232 DEBUG_SV_SERIAL(p); \
233 FREE_SV_DEBUG_FILE(p); \
235 SvFLAGS(p) = SVTYPEMASK; \
236 if (!(old_flags & SVf_BREAK)) { \
237 SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(p, PL_sv_root); \
243 #define uproot_SV(p) \
246 PL_sv_root = MUTABLE_SV(SvARENA_CHAIN(p)); \
251 /* make some more SVs by adding another arena */
260 sv_add_arena(PL_nice_chunk, PL_nice_chunk_size, 0);
261 PL_nice_chunk = NULL;
262 PL_nice_chunk_size = 0;
265 char *chunk; /* must use New here to match call to */
266 Newx(chunk,PERL_ARENA_SIZE,char); /* Safefree() in sv_free_arenas() */
267 sv_add_arena(chunk, PERL_ARENA_SIZE, 0);
273 /* new_SV(): return a new, empty SV head */
275 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
276 /* provide a real function for a debugger to play with */
278 S_new_SV(pTHX_ const char *file, int line, const char *func)
285 sv = S_more_sv(aTHX);
289 sv->sv_debug_optype = PL_op ? PL_op->op_type : 0;
290 sv->sv_debug_line = (U16) (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE
296 sv->sv_debug_inpad = 0;
297 sv->sv_debug_cloned = 0;
298 sv->sv_debug_file = PL_curcop ? savepv(CopFILE(PL_curcop)): NULL;
300 sv->sv_debug_serial = PL_sv_serial++;
302 MEM_LOG_NEW_SV(sv, file, line, func);
303 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": (%05ld) new_SV (from %s:%d [%s])\n",
304 PTR2UV(sv), (long)sv->sv_debug_serial, file, line, func));
308 # define new_SV(p) (p)=S_new_SV(aTHX_ __FILE__, __LINE__, FUNCTION__)
316 (p) = S_more_sv(aTHX); \
320 MEM_LOG_NEW_SV(p, __FILE__, __LINE__, FUNCTION__); \
325 /* del_SV(): return an empty SV head to the free list */
338 S_del_sv(pTHX_ SV *p)
342 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DEL_SV;
347 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = MUTABLE_SV(SvANY(sva))) {
348 const SV * const sv = sva + 1;
349 const SV * const svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva)];
350 if (p >= sv && p < svend) {
356 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
357 "Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%"UVxf
358 pTHX__FORMAT, PTR2UV(p) pTHX__VALUE);
365 #else /* ! DEBUGGING */
367 #define del_SV(p) plant_SV(p)
369 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
373 =head1 SV Manipulation Functions
375 =for apidoc sv_add_arena
377 Given a chunk of memory, link it to the head of the list of arenas,
378 and split it into a list of free SVs.
384 S_sv_add_arena(pTHX_ char *const ptr, const U32 size, const U32 flags)
387 SV *const sva = MUTABLE_SV(ptr);
391 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_ADD_ARENA;
393 /* The first SV in an arena isn't an SV. */
394 SvANY(sva) = (void *) PL_sv_arenaroot; /* ptr to next arena */
395 SvREFCNT(sva) = size / sizeof(SV); /* number of SV slots */
396 SvFLAGS(sva) = flags; /* FAKE if not to be freed */
398 PL_sv_arenaroot = sva;
399 PL_sv_root = sva + 1;
401 svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva) - 1];
404 SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(sv, (sv + 1));
408 /* Must always set typemask because it's always checked in on cleanup
409 when the arenas are walked looking for objects. */
410 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVTYPEMASK;
413 SvARENA_CHAIN_SET(sv, 0);
417 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVTYPEMASK;
420 /* visit(): call the named function for each non-free SV in the arenas
421 * whose flags field matches the flags/mask args. */
424 S_visit(pTHX_ SVFUNC_t f, const U32 flags, const U32 mask)
430 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VISIT;
432 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = MUTABLE_SV(SvANY(sva))) {
433 register const SV * const svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva)];
435 for (sv = sva + 1; sv < svend; ++sv) {
436 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVTYPEMASK
437 && (sv->sv_flags & mask) == flags
450 /* called by sv_report_used() for each live SV */
453 do_report_used(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
455 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVTYPEMASK) {
456 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "****\n");
463 =for apidoc sv_report_used
465 Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed. (Debugging aid).
471 Perl_sv_report_used(pTHX)
474 visit(do_report_used, 0, 0);
480 /* called by sv_clean_objs() for each live SV */
483 do_clean_objs(pTHX_ SV *const ref)
488 SV * const target = SvRV(ref);
489 if (SvOBJECT(target)) {
490 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning object ref:\n "), sv_dump(ref)));
491 if (SvWEAKREF(ref)) {
492 sv_del_backref(target, ref);
498 SvREFCNT_dec(target);
503 /* XXX Might want to check arrays, etc. */
506 /* called by sv_clean_objs() for each live SV */
508 #ifndef DISABLE_DESTRUCTOR_KLUDGE
510 do_clean_named_objs(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
513 assert(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV);
514 assert(isGV_with_GP(sv));
517 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
520 SvOBJECT(GvSV(sv))) ||
521 (GvAV(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvAV(sv))) ||
522 (GvHV(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvHV(sv))) ||
523 /* In certain rare cases GvIOp(sv) can be NULL, which would make SvOBJECT(GvIO(sv)) dereference NULL. */
524 (GvIO(sv) ? (SvFLAGS(GvIOp(sv)) & SVs_OBJECT) : 0) ||
525 (GvCV(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvCV(sv))) )
527 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning named glob object:\n "), sv_dump(sv)));
528 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_BREAK;
536 =for apidoc sv_clean_objs
538 Attempt to destroy all objects not yet freed
544 Perl_sv_clean_objs(pTHX)
547 PL_in_clean_objs = TRUE;
548 visit(do_clean_objs, SVf_ROK, SVf_ROK);
549 #ifndef DISABLE_DESTRUCTOR_KLUDGE
550 /* some barnacles may yet remain, clinging to typeglobs */
551 visit(do_clean_named_objs, SVt_PVGV|SVpgv_GP, SVTYPEMASK|SVp_POK|SVpgv_GP);
553 PL_in_clean_objs = FALSE;
556 /* called by sv_clean_all() for each live SV */
559 do_clean_all(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
562 if (sv == (const SV *) PL_fdpid || sv == (const SV *)PL_strtab) {
563 /* don't clean pid table and strtab */
566 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning loops: SV at 0x%"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(sv)) ));
567 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_BREAK;
572 =for apidoc sv_clean_all
574 Decrement the refcnt of each remaining SV, possibly triggering a
575 cleanup. This function may have to be called multiple times to free
576 SVs which are in complex self-referential hierarchies.
582 Perl_sv_clean_all(pTHX)
586 PL_in_clean_all = TRUE;
587 cleaned = visit(do_clean_all, 0,0);
588 PL_in_clean_all = FALSE;
593 ARENASETS: a meta-arena implementation which separates arena-info
594 into struct arena_set, which contains an array of struct
595 arena_descs, each holding info for a single arena. By separating
596 the meta-info from the arena, we recover the 1st slot, formerly
597 borrowed for list management. The arena_set is about the size of an
598 arena, avoiding the needless malloc overhead of a naive linked-list.
600 The cost is 1 arena-set malloc per ~320 arena-mallocs, + the unused
601 memory in the last arena-set (1/2 on average). In trade, we get
602 back the 1st slot in each arena (ie 1.7% of a CV-arena, less for
603 smaller types). The recovery of the wasted space allows use of
604 small arenas for large, rare body types, by changing array* fields
605 in body_details_by_type[] below.
608 char *arena; /* the raw storage, allocated aligned */
609 size_t size; /* its size ~4k typ */
610 svtype utype; /* bodytype stored in arena */
615 /* Get the maximum number of elements in set[] such that struct arena_set
616 will fit within PERL_ARENA_SIZE, which is probably just under 4K, and
617 therefore likely to be 1 aligned memory page. */
619 #define ARENAS_PER_SET ((PERL_ARENA_SIZE - sizeof(struct arena_set*) \
620 - 2 * sizeof(int)) / sizeof (struct arena_desc))
623 struct arena_set* next;
624 unsigned int set_size; /* ie ARENAS_PER_SET */
625 unsigned int curr; /* index of next available arena-desc */
626 struct arena_desc set[ARENAS_PER_SET];
630 =for apidoc sv_free_arenas
632 Deallocate the memory used by all arenas. Note that all the individual SV
633 heads and bodies within the arenas must already have been freed.
638 Perl_sv_free_arenas(pTHX)
645 /* Free arenas here, but be careful about fake ones. (We assume
646 contiguity of the fake ones with the corresponding real ones.) */
648 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = svanext) {
649 svanext = MUTABLE_SV(SvANY(sva));
650 while (svanext && SvFAKE(svanext))
651 svanext = MUTABLE_SV(SvANY(svanext));
658 struct arena_set *aroot = (struct arena_set*) PL_body_arenas;
661 struct arena_set *current = aroot;
664 assert(aroot->set[i].arena);
665 Safefree(aroot->set[i].arena);
673 i = PERL_ARENA_ROOTS_SIZE;
675 PL_body_roots[i] = 0;
677 Safefree(PL_nice_chunk);
678 PL_nice_chunk = NULL;
679 PL_nice_chunk_size = 0;
685 Here are mid-level routines that manage the allocation of bodies out
686 of the various arenas. There are 5 kinds of arenas:
688 1. SV-head arenas, which are discussed and handled above
689 2. regular body arenas
690 3. arenas for reduced-size bodies
693 Arena types 2 & 3 are chained by body-type off an array of
694 arena-root pointers, which is indexed by svtype. Some of the
695 larger/less used body types are malloced singly, since a large
696 unused block of them is wasteful. Also, several svtypes dont have
697 bodies; the data fits into the sv-head itself. The arena-root
698 pointer thus has a few unused root-pointers (which may be hijacked
699 later for arena types 4,5)
701 3 differs from 2 as an optimization; some body types have several
702 unused fields in the front of the structure (which are kept in-place
703 for consistency). These bodies can be allocated in smaller chunks,
704 because the leading fields arent accessed. Pointers to such bodies
705 are decremented to point at the unused 'ghost' memory, knowing that
706 the pointers are used with offsets to the real memory.
708 HE, HEK arenas are managed separately, with separate code, but may
709 be merge-able later..
712 /* get_arena(size): this creates custom-sized arenas
713 TBD: export properly for hv.c: S_more_he().
716 Perl_get_arena(pTHX_ const size_t arena_size, const svtype bodytype)
719 struct arena_desc* adesc;
720 struct arena_set *aroot = (struct arena_set*) PL_body_arenas;
723 /* shouldnt need this
724 if (!arena_size) arena_size = PERL_ARENA_SIZE;
727 /* may need new arena-set to hold new arena */
728 if (!aroot || aroot->curr >= aroot->set_size) {
729 struct arena_set *newroot;
730 Newxz(newroot, 1, struct arena_set);
731 newroot->set_size = ARENAS_PER_SET;
732 newroot->next = aroot;
734 PL_body_arenas = (void *) newroot;
735 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "new arenaset %p\n", (void*)aroot));
738 /* ok, now have arena-set with at least 1 empty/available arena-desc */
739 curr = aroot->curr++;
740 adesc = &(aroot->set[curr]);
741 assert(!adesc->arena);
743 Newx(adesc->arena, arena_size, char);
744 adesc->size = arena_size;
745 adesc->utype = bodytype;
746 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "arena %d added: %p size %"UVuf"\n",
747 curr, (void*)adesc->arena, (UV)arena_size));
753 /* return a thing to the free list */
755 #define del_body(thing, root) \
757 void ** const thing_copy = (void **)thing;\
758 *thing_copy = *root; \
759 *root = (void*)thing_copy; \
764 =head1 SV-Body Allocation
766 Allocation of SV-bodies is similar to SV-heads, differing as follows;
767 the allocation mechanism is used for many body types, so is somewhat
768 more complicated, it uses arena-sets, and has no need for still-live
771 At the outermost level, (new|del)_X*V macros return bodies of the
772 appropriate type. These macros call either (new|del)_body_type or
773 (new|del)_body_allocated macro pairs, depending on specifics of the
774 type. Most body types use the former pair, the latter pair is used to
775 allocate body types with "ghost fields".
777 "ghost fields" are fields that are unused in certain types, and
778 consequently don't need to actually exist. They are declared because
779 they're part of a "base type", which allows use of functions as
780 methods. The simplest examples are AVs and HVs, 2 aggregate types
781 which don't use the fields which support SCALAR semantics.
783 For these types, the arenas are carved up into appropriately sized
784 chunks, we thus avoid wasted memory for those unaccessed members.
785 When bodies are allocated, we adjust the pointer back in memory by the
786 size of the part not allocated, so it's as if we allocated the full
787 structure. (But things will all go boom if you write to the part that
788 is "not there", because you'll be overwriting the last members of the
789 preceding structure in memory.)
791 We calculate the correction using the STRUCT_OFFSET macro on the first
792 member present. If the allocated structure is smaller (no initial NV
793 actually allocated) then the net effect is to subtract the size of the NV
794 from the pointer, to return a new pointer as if an initial NV were actually
795 allocated. (We were using structures named *_allocated for this, but
796 this turned out to be a subtle bug, because a structure without an NV
797 could have a lower alignment constraint, but the compiler is allowed to
798 optimised accesses based on the alignment constraint of the actual pointer
799 to the full structure, for example, using a single 64 bit load instruction
800 because it "knows" that two adjacent 32 bit members will be 8-byte aligned.)
802 This is the same trick as was used for NV and IV bodies. Ironically it
803 doesn't need to be used for NV bodies any more, because NV is now at
804 the start of the structure. IV bodies don't need it either, because
805 they are no longer allocated.
807 In turn, the new_body_* allocators call S_new_body(), which invokes
808 new_body_inline macro, which takes a lock, and takes a body off the
809 linked list at PL_body_roots[sv_type], calling S_more_bodies() if
810 necessary to refresh an empty list. Then the lock is released, and
811 the body is returned.
813 S_more_bodies calls get_arena(), and carves it up into an array of N
814 bodies, which it strings into a linked list. It looks up arena-size
815 and body-size from the body_details table described below, thus
816 supporting the multiple body-types.
818 If PURIFY is defined, or PERL_ARENA_SIZE=0, arenas are not used, and
819 the (new|del)_X*V macros are mapped directly to malloc/free.
825 For each sv-type, struct body_details bodies_by_type[] carries
826 parameters which control these aspects of SV handling:
828 Arena_size determines whether arenas are used for this body type, and if
829 so, how big they are. PURIFY or PERL_ARENA_SIZE=0 set this field to
830 zero, forcing individual mallocs and frees.
832 Body_size determines how big a body is, and therefore how many fit into
833 each arena. Offset carries the body-pointer adjustment needed for
834 "ghost fields", and is used in *_allocated macros.
836 But its main purpose is to parameterize info needed in
837 Perl_sv_upgrade(). The info here dramatically simplifies the function
838 vs the implementation in 5.8.8, making it table-driven. All fields
839 are used for this, except for arena_size.
841 For the sv-types that have no bodies, arenas are not used, so those
842 PL_body_roots[sv_type] are unused, and can be overloaded. In
843 something of a special case, SVt_NULL is borrowed for HE arenas;
844 PL_body_roots[HE_SVSLOT=SVt_NULL] is filled by S_more_he, but the
845 bodies_by_type[SVt_NULL] slot is not used, as the table is not
850 struct body_details {
851 U8 body_size; /* Size to allocate */
852 U8 copy; /* Size of structure to copy (may be shorter) */
854 unsigned int type : 4; /* We have space for a sanity check. */
855 unsigned int cant_upgrade : 1; /* Cannot upgrade this type */
856 unsigned int zero_nv : 1; /* zero the NV when upgrading from this */
857 unsigned int arena : 1; /* Allocated from an arena */
858 size_t arena_size; /* Size of arena to allocate */
866 /* With -DPURFIY we allocate everything directly, and don't use arenas.
867 This seems a rather elegant way to simplify some of the code below. */
868 #define HASARENA FALSE
870 #define HASARENA TRUE
872 #define NOARENA FALSE
874 /* Size the arenas to exactly fit a given number of bodies. A count
875 of 0 fits the max number bodies into a PERL_ARENA_SIZE.block,
876 simplifying the default. If count > 0, the arena is sized to fit
877 only that many bodies, allowing arenas to be used for large, rare
878 bodies (XPVFM, XPVIO) without undue waste. The arena size is
879 limited by PERL_ARENA_SIZE, so we can safely oversize the
882 #define FIT_ARENA0(body_size) \
883 ((size_t)(PERL_ARENA_SIZE / body_size) * body_size)
884 #define FIT_ARENAn(count,body_size) \
885 ( count * body_size <= PERL_ARENA_SIZE) \
886 ? count * body_size \
887 : FIT_ARENA0 (body_size)
888 #define FIT_ARENA(count,body_size) \
890 ? FIT_ARENAn (count, body_size) \
891 : FIT_ARENA0 (body_size)
893 /* Calculate the length to copy. Specifically work out the length less any
894 final padding the compiler needed to add. See the comment in sv_upgrade
895 for why copying the padding proved to be a bug. */
897 #define copy_length(type, last_member) \
898 STRUCT_OFFSET(type, last_member) \
899 + sizeof (((type*)SvANY((const SV *)0))->last_member)
901 static const struct body_details bodies_by_type[] = {
902 { sizeof(HE), 0, 0, SVt_NULL,
903 FALSE, NONV, NOARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(HE)) },
905 /* The bind placeholder pretends to be an RV for now.
906 Also it's marked as "can't upgrade" to stop anyone using it before it's
908 { 0, 0, 0, SVt_BIND, TRUE, NONV, NOARENA, 0 },
910 /* IVs are in the head, so the allocation size is 0. */
912 sizeof(IV), /* This is used to copy out the IV body. */
913 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv), SVt_IV, FALSE, NONV,
914 NOARENA /* IVS don't need an arena */, 0
917 /* 8 bytes on most ILP32 with IEEE doubles */
918 { sizeof(NV), sizeof(NV),
919 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVNV, xnv_u),
920 SVt_NV, FALSE, HADNV, HASARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(NV)) },
922 /* 8 bytes on most ILP32 with IEEE doubles */
924 copy_length(XPV, xpv_len) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
925 + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
926 SVt_PV, FALSE, NONV, HASARENA,
927 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPV) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur)) },
929 #if 2 *PTRSIZE <= IVSIZE
932 copy_length(XPVIV, xiv_u) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
933 + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
934 SVt_PVIV, FALSE, NONV, HASARENA,
935 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVIV) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur)) },
939 copy_length(XPVIV, xiv_u),
941 SVt_PVIV, FALSE, NONV, HASARENA,
942 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVIV)) },
945 #if (2 *PTRSIZE <= IVSIZE) && (2 *PTRSIZE <= NVSIZE)
948 copy_length(XPVNV, xnv_u) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
949 + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur),
950 SVt_PVNV, FALSE, HADNV, HASARENA,
951 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVNV) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPV, xpv_cur)) },
954 { sizeof(XPVNV), copy_length(XPVNV, xnv_u), 0, SVt_PVNV, FALSE, HADNV,
955 HASARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVNV)) },
959 { sizeof(XPVMG), copy_length(XPVMG, xnv_u), 0, SVt_PVMG, FALSE, HADNV,
960 HASARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVMG)) },
966 SVt_REGEXP, FALSE, NONV, HASARENA,
967 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(regexp) - STRUCT_OFFSET(regexp, xpv_cur))
971 { sizeof(XPVGV), sizeof(XPVGV), 0, SVt_PVGV, TRUE, HADNV,
972 HASARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVGV)) },
975 { sizeof(XPVLV), sizeof(XPVLV), 0, SVt_PVLV, TRUE, HADNV,
976 HASARENA, FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVLV)) },
979 copy_length(XPVAV, xav_alloc),
981 SVt_PVAV, TRUE, NONV, HASARENA,
982 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVAV)) },
985 copy_length(XPVHV, xhv_max),
987 SVt_PVHV, TRUE, NONV, HASARENA,
988 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVHV)) },
994 SVt_PVCV, TRUE, NONV, HASARENA,
995 FIT_ARENA(0, sizeof(XPVCV)) },
1000 SVt_PVFM, TRUE, NONV, NOARENA,
1001 FIT_ARENA(20, sizeof(XPVFM)) },
1003 /* XPVIO is 84 bytes, fits 48x */
1007 SVt_PVIO, TRUE, NONV, HASARENA,
1008 FIT_ARENA(24, sizeof(XPVIO)) },
1011 #define new_body_allocated(sv_type) \
1012 (void *)((char *)S_new_body(aTHX_ sv_type) \
1013 - bodies_by_type[sv_type].offset)
1015 #define del_body_allocated(p, sv_type) \
1016 del_body(p + bodies_by_type[sv_type].offset, &PL_body_roots[sv_type])
1019 #define my_safemalloc(s) (void*)safemalloc(s)
1020 #define my_safecalloc(s) (void*)safecalloc(s, 1)
1021 #define my_safefree(p) safefree((char*)p)
1025 #define new_XNV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVNV))
1026 #define del_XNV(p) my_safefree(p)
1028 #define new_XPVNV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVNV))
1029 #define del_XPVNV(p) my_safefree(p)
1031 #define new_XPVAV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVAV))
1032 #define del_XPVAV(p) my_safefree(p)
1034 #define new_XPVHV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVHV))
1035 #define del_XPVHV(p) my_safefree(p)
1037 #define new_XPVMG() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVMG))
1038 #define del_XPVMG(p) my_safefree(p)
1040 #define new_XPVGV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVGV))
1041 #define del_XPVGV(p) my_safefree(p)
1045 #define new_XNV() new_body_allocated(SVt_NV)
1046 #define del_XNV(p) del_body_allocated(p, SVt_NV)
1048 #define new_XPVNV() new_body_allocated(SVt_PVNV)
1049 #define del_XPVNV(p) del_body_allocated(p, SVt_PVNV)
1051 #define new_XPVAV() new_body_allocated(SVt_PVAV)
1052 #define del_XPVAV(p) del_body_allocated(p, SVt_PVAV)
1054 #define new_XPVHV() new_body_allocated(SVt_PVHV)
1055 #define del_XPVHV(p) del_body_allocated(p, SVt_PVHV)
1057 #define new_XPVMG() new_body_allocated(SVt_PVMG)
1058 #define del_XPVMG(p) del_body_allocated(p, SVt_PVMG)
1060 #define new_XPVGV() new_body_allocated(SVt_PVGV)
1061 #define del_XPVGV(p) del_body_allocated(p, SVt_PVGV)
1065 /* no arena for you! */
1067 #define new_NOARENA(details) \
1068 my_safemalloc((details)->body_size + (details)->offset)
1069 #define new_NOARENAZ(details) \
1070 my_safecalloc((details)->body_size + (details)->offset)
1073 S_more_bodies (pTHX_ const svtype sv_type)
1076 void ** const root = &PL_body_roots[sv_type];
1077 const struct body_details * const bdp = &bodies_by_type[sv_type];
1078 const size_t body_size = bdp->body_size;
1081 const size_t arena_size = Perl_malloc_good_size(bdp->arena_size);
1082 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE)
1083 static bool done_sanity_check;
1085 /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE cannot coexist with global
1086 * variables like done_sanity_check. */
1087 if (!done_sanity_check) {
1088 unsigned int i = SVt_LAST;
1090 done_sanity_check = TRUE;
1093 assert (bodies_by_type[i].type == i);
1097 assert(bdp->arena_size);
1099 start = (char*) Perl_get_arena(aTHX_ arena_size, sv_type);
1101 end = start + arena_size - 2 * body_size;
1103 /* computed count doesnt reflect the 1st slot reservation */
1104 #if defined(MYMALLOC) || defined(HAS_MALLOC_GOOD_SIZE)
1105 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1106 "arena %p end %p arena-size %d (from %d) type %d "
1108 (void*)start, (void*)end, (int)arena_size,
1109 (int)bdp->arena_size, sv_type, (int)body_size,
1110 (int)arena_size / (int)body_size));
1112 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1113 "arena %p end %p arena-size %d type %d size %d ct %d\n",
1114 (void*)start, (void*)end,
1115 (int)bdp->arena_size, sv_type, (int)body_size,
1116 (int)bdp->arena_size / (int)body_size));
1118 *root = (void *)start;
1120 while (start <= end) {
1121 char * const next = start + body_size;
1122 *(void**) start = (void *)next;
1125 *(void **)start = 0;
1130 /* grab a new thing from the free list, allocating more if necessary.
1131 The inline version is used for speed in hot routines, and the
1132 function using it serves the rest (unless PURIFY).
1134 #define new_body_inline(xpv, sv_type) \
1136 void ** const r3wt = &PL_body_roots[sv_type]; \
1137 xpv = (PTR_TBL_ENT_t*) (*((void **)(r3wt)) \
1138 ? *((void **)(r3wt)) : more_bodies(sv_type)); \
1139 *(r3wt) = *(void**)(xpv); \
1145 S_new_body(pTHX_ const svtype sv_type)
1149 new_body_inline(xpv, sv_type);
1155 static const struct body_details fake_rv =
1156 { 0, 0, 0, SVt_IV, FALSE, NONV, NOARENA, 0 };
1159 =for apidoc sv_upgrade
1161 Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the
1162 SV, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body.
1163 You generally want to use the C<SvUPGRADE> macro wrapper. See also C<svtype>.
1169 Perl_sv_upgrade(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, svtype new_type)
1174 const svtype old_type = SvTYPE(sv);
1175 const struct body_details *new_type_details;
1176 const struct body_details *old_type_details
1177 = bodies_by_type + old_type;
1178 SV *referant = NULL;
1180 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UPGRADE;
1182 if (old_type == new_type)
1185 /* This clause was purposefully added ahead of the early return above to
1186 the shared string hackery for (sort {$a <=> $b} keys %hash), with the
1187 inference by Nick I-S that it would fix other troublesome cases. See
1188 changes 7162, 7163 (f130fd4589cf5fbb24149cd4db4137c8326f49c1 and parent)
1190 Given that shared hash key scalars are no longer PVIV, but PV, there is
1191 no longer need to unshare so as to free up the IVX slot for its proper
1192 purpose. So it's safe to move the early return earlier. */
1194 if (new_type != SVt_PV && SvIsCOW(sv)) {
1195 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
1198 old_body = SvANY(sv);
1200 /* Copying structures onto other structures that have been neatly zeroed
1201 has a subtle gotcha. Consider XPVMG
1203 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
1204 | NV | CUR | LEN | IV | MAGIC | STASH |
1205 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+
1206 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
1208 where NVs are aligned to 8 bytes, so that sizeof that structure is
1209 actually 32 bytes long, with 4 bytes of padding at the end:
1211 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------+
1212 | NV | CUR | LEN | IV | MAGIC | STASH | ??? |
1213 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------+
1214 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
1216 so what happens if you allocate memory for this structure:
1218 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------+------+...
1219 | NV | CUR | LEN | IV | MAGIC | STASH | GP | NAME |
1220 +------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------+------+...
1221 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
1223 zero it, then copy sizeof(XPVMG) bytes on top of it? Not quite what you
1224 expect, because you copy the area marked ??? onto GP. Now, ??? may have
1225 started out as zero once, but it's quite possible that it isn't. So now,
1226 rather than a nicely zeroed GP, you have it pointing somewhere random.
1229 (In fact, GP ends up pointing at a previous GP structure, because the
1230 principle cause of the padding in XPVMG getting garbage is a copy of
1231 sizeof(XPVMG) bytes from a XPVGV structure in sv_unglob. Right now
1232 this happens to be moot because XPVGV has been re-ordered, with GP
1233 no longer after STASH)
1235 So we are careful and work out the size of used parts of all the
1243 referant = SvRV(sv);
1244 old_type_details = &fake_rv;
1245 if (new_type == SVt_NV)
1246 new_type = SVt_PVNV;
1248 if (new_type < SVt_PVIV) {
1249 new_type = (new_type == SVt_NV)
1250 ? SVt_PVNV : SVt_PVIV;
1255 if (new_type < SVt_PVNV) {
1256 new_type = SVt_PVNV;
1260 assert(new_type > SVt_PV);
1261 assert(SVt_IV < SVt_PV);
1262 assert(SVt_NV < SVt_PV);
1269 /* Because the XPVMG of PL_mess_sv isn't allocated from the arena,
1270 there's no way that it can be safely upgraded, because perl.c
1271 expects to Safefree(SvANY(PL_mess_sv)) */
1272 assert(sv != PL_mess_sv);
1273 /* This flag bit is used to mean other things in other scalar types.
1274 Given that it only has meaning inside the pad, it shouldn't be set
1275 on anything that can get upgraded. */
1276 assert(!SvPAD_TYPED(sv));
1279 if (old_type_details->cant_upgrade)
1280 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't upgrade %s (%" UVuf ") to %" UVuf,
1281 sv_reftype(sv, 0), (UV) old_type, (UV) new_type);
1284 if (old_type > new_type)
1285 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d",
1286 (int)old_type, (int)new_type);
1288 new_type_details = bodies_by_type + new_type;
1290 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVTYPEMASK;
1291 SvFLAGS(sv) |= new_type;
1293 /* This can't happen, as SVt_NULL is <= all values of new_type, so one of
1294 the return statements above will have triggered. */
1295 assert (new_type != SVt_NULL);
1298 assert(old_type == SVt_NULL);
1299 SvANY(sv) = (XPVIV*)((char*)&(sv->sv_u.svu_iv) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
1303 assert(old_type == SVt_NULL);
1304 SvANY(sv) = new_XNV();
1309 assert(new_type_details->body_size);
1312 assert(new_type_details->arena);
1313 assert(new_type_details->arena_size);
1314 /* This points to the start of the allocated area. */
1315 new_body_inline(new_body, new_type);
1316 Zero(new_body, new_type_details->body_size, char);
1317 new_body = ((char *)new_body) - new_type_details->offset;
1319 /* We always allocated the full length item with PURIFY. To do this
1320 we fake things so that arena is false for all 16 types.. */
1321 new_body = new_NOARENAZ(new_type_details);
1323 SvANY(sv) = new_body;
1324 if (new_type == SVt_PVAV) {
1328 if (old_type_details->body_size) {
1331 /* It will have been zeroed when the new body was allocated.
1332 Lets not write to it, in case it confuses a write-back
1338 #ifndef NODEFAULT_SHAREKEYS
1339 HvSHAREKEYS_on(sv); /* key-sharing on by default */
1341 HvMAX(sv) = 7; /* (start with 8 buckets) */
1344 /* SVt_NULL isn't the only thing upgraded to AV or HV.
1345 The target created by newSVrv also is, and it can have magic.
1346 However, it never has SvPVX set.
1348 if (old_type == SVt_IV) {
1350 } else if (old_type >= SVt_PV) {
1351 assert(SvPVX_const(sv) == 0);
1354 if (old_type >= SVt_PVMG) {
1355 SvMAGIC_set(sv, ((XPVMG*)old_body)->xmg_u.xmg_magic);
1356 SvSTASH_set(sv, ((XPVMG*)old_body)->xmg_stash);
1358 sv->sv_u.svu_array = NULL; /* or svu_hash */
1364 /* This ensures that SvTHINKFIRST(sv) is true, and hence that
1365 sv_force_normal_flags(sv) is called. */
1368 /* XXX Is this still needed? Was it ever needed? Surely as there is
1369 no route from NV to PVIV, NOK can never be true */
1370 assert(!SvNOKp(sv));
1381 assert(new_type_details->body_size);
1382 /* We always allocated the full length item with PURIFY. To do this
1383 we fake things so that arena is false for all 16 types.. */
1384 if(new_type_details->arena) {
1385 /* This points to the start of the allocated area. */
1386 new_body_inline(new_body, new_type);
1387 Zero(new_body, new_type_details->body_size, char);
1388 new_body = ((char *)new_body) - new_type_details->offset;
1390 new_body = new_NOARENAZ(new_type_details);
1392 SvANY(sv) = new_body;
1394 if (old_type_details->copy) {
1395 /* There is now the potential for an upgrade from something without
1396 an offset (PVNV or PVMG) to something with one (PVCV, PVFM) */
1397 int offset = old_type_details->offset;
1398 int length = old_type_details->copy;
1400 if (new_type_details->offset > old_type_details->offset) {
1401 const int difference
1402 = new_type_details->offset - old_type_details->offset;
1403 offset += difference;
1404 length -= difference;
1406 assert (length >= 0);
1408 Copy((char *)old_body + offset, (char *)new_body + offset, length,
1412 #ifndef NV_ZERO_IS_ALLBITS_ZERO
1413 /* If NV 0.0 is stores as all bits 0 then Zero() already creates a
1414 * correct 0.0 for us. Otherwise, if the old body didn't have an
1415 * NV slot, but the new one does, then we need to initialise the
1416 * freshly created NV slot with whatever the correct bit pattern is
1418 if (old_type_details->zero_nv && !new_type_details->zero_nv
1419 && !isGV_with_GP(sv))
1423 if (new_type == SVt_PVIO) {
1424 IO * const io = MUTABLE_IO(sv);
1425 GV *iogv = gv_fetchpvs("IO::File::", GV_ADD, SVt_PVHV);
1428 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a package
1430 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1432 SvSTASH_set(io, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv))));
1433 IoPAGE_LEN(sv) = 60;
1435 if (old_type < SVt_PV) {
1436 /* referant will be NULL unless the old type was SVt_IV emulating
1438 sv->sv_u.svu_rv = referant;
1442 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_upgrade to unknown type %lu",
1443 (unsigned long)new_type);
1446 if (old_type > SVt_IV) {
1448 my_safefree(old_body);
1450 /* Note that there is an assumption that all bodies of types that
1451 can be upgraded came from arenas. Only the more complex non-
1452 upgradable types are allowed to be directly malloc()ed. */
1453 assert(old_type_details->arena);
1454 del_body((void*)((char*)old_body + old_type_details->offset),
1455 &PL_body_roots[old_type]);
1461 =for apidoc sv_backoff
1463 Remove any string offset. You should normally use the C<SvOOK_off> macro
1470 Perl_sv_backoff(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
1473 const char * const s = SvPVX_const(sv);
1475 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_BACKOFF;
1476 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1479 assert(SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVHV);
1480 assert(SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVAV);
1482 SvOOK_offset(sv, delta);
1484 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv) + delta);
1485 SvPV_set(sv, SvPVX(sv) - delta);
1486 Move(s, SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv)+1, char);
1487 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVf_OOK;
1494 Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses C<sv_unref> and
1495 upgrades the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
1496 Use the C<SvGROW> wrapper instead.
1502 Perl_sv_grow(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register STRLEN newlen)
1506 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_GROW;
1508 if (PL_madskills && newlen >= 0x100000) {
1509 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1510 "Allocation too large: %"UVxf"\n", (UV)newlen);
1512 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
1513 if (newlen >= 0x10000) {
1514 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1515 "Allocation too large: %"UVxf"\n", (UV)newlen);
1518 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
1521 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PV) {
1522 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
1523 s = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1525 else if (SvOOK(sv)) { /* pv is offset? */
1527 s = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1528 if (newlen > SvLEN(sv))
1529 newlen += 10 * (newlen - SvCUR(sv)); /* avoid copy each time */
1530 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
1531 if (newlen >= 0x10000)
1536 s = SvPVX_mutable(sv);
1538 if (newlen > SvLEN(sv)) { /* need more room? */
1539 #ifndef Perl_safesysmalloc_size
1540 newlen = PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(newlen);
1542 if (SvLEN(sv) && s) {
1543 s = (char*)saferealloc(s, newlen);
1546 s = (char*)safemalloc(newlen);
1547 if (SvPVX_const(sv) && SvCUR(sv)) {
1548 Move(SvPVX_const(sv), s, (newlen < SvCUR(sv)) ? newlen : SvCUR(sv), char);
1552 #ifdef Perl_safesysmalloc_size
1553 /* Do this here, do it once, do it right, and then we will never get
1554 called back into sv_grow() unless there really is some growing
1556 SvLEN_set(sv, Perl_safesysmalloc_size(s));
1558 SvLEN_set(sv, newlen);
1565 =for apidoc sv_setiv
1567 Copies an integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
1568 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setiv_mg>.
1574 Perl_sv_setiv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const IV i)
1578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETIV;
1580 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
1581 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1584 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
1587 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
1591 if (!isGV_with_GP(sv))
1598 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to integer in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
1602 (void)SvIOK_only(sv); /* validate number */
1608 =for apidoc sv_setiv_mg
1610 Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
1616 Perl_sv_setiv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const IV i)
1618 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETIV_MG;
1625 =for apidoc sv_setuv
1627 Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
1628 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setuv_mg>.
1634 Perl_sv_setuv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const UV u)
1636 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETUV;
1638 /* With these two if statements:
1639 u=1.49 s=0.52 cu=72.49 cs=10.64 scripts=270 tests=20865
1642 u=1.35 s=0.47 cu=73.45 cs=11.43 scripts=270 tests=20865
1644 If you wish to remove them, please benchmark to see what the effect is
1646 if (u <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
1647 sv_setiv(sv, (IV)u);
1656 =for apidoc sv_setuv_mg
1658 Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
1664 Perl_sv_setuv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const UV u)
1666 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETUV_MG;
1673 =for apidoc sv_setnv
1675 Copies a double into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
1676 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setnv_mg>.
1682 Perl_sv_setnv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const NV num)
1686 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETNV;
1688 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
1689 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1692 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
1696 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1700 if (!isGV_with_GP(sv))
1707 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to number in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
1712 (void)SvNOK_only(sv); /* validate number */
1717 =for apidoc sv_setnv_mg
1719 Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
1725 Perl_sv_setnv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const NV num)
1727 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETNV_MG;
1733 /* Print an "isn't numeric" warning, using a cleaned-up,
1734 * printable version of the offending string
1738 S_not_a_number(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
1745 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NOT_A_NUMBER;
1748 dsv = newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
1749 pv = sv_uni_display(dsv, sv, 10, 0);
1752 const char * const limit = tmpbuf + sizeof(tmpbuf) - 8;
1753 /* each *s can expand to 4 chars + "...\0",
1754 i.e. need room for 8 chars */
1756 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
1757 const char * const end = s + SvCUR(sv);
1758 for ( ; s < end && d < limit; s++ ) {
1760 if (ch & 128 && !isPRINT_LC(ch)) {
1769 else if (ch == '\r') {
1773 else if (ch == '\f') {
1777 else if (ch == '\\') {
1781 else if (ch == '\0') {
1785 else if (isPRINT_LC(ch))
1802 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NUMERIC),
1803 "Argument \"%s\" isn't numeric in %s", pv,
1806 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NUMERIC),
1807 "Argument \"%s\" isn't numeric", pv);
1811 =for apidoc looks_like_number
1813 Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
1814 C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
1815 non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
1821 Perl_looks_like_number(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
1823 register const char *sbegin;
1826 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOOKS_LIKE_NUMBER;
1829 sbegin = SvPVX_const(sv);
1832 else if (SvPOKp(sv))
1833 sbegin = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1835 return SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVf_NOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_IOK|SVp_IOK);
1836 return grok_number(sbegin, len, NULL);
1840 S_glob_2number(pTHX_ GV * const gv)
1842 const U32 wasfake = SvFLAGS(gv) & SVf_FAKE;
1843 SV *const buffer = sv_newmortal();
1845 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GLOB_2NUMBER;
1847 /* FAKE globs can get coerced, so need to turn this off temporarily if it
1850 gv_efullname3(buffer, gv, "*");
1851 SvFLAGS(gv) |= wasfake;
1853 /* We know that all GVs stringify to something that is not-a-number,
1854 so no need to test that. */
1855 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
1856 not_a_number(buffer);
1857 /* We just want something true to return, so that S_sv_2iuv_common
1858 can tail call us and return true. */
1862 /* Actually, ISO C leaves conversion of UV to IV undefined, but
1863 until proven guilty, assume that things are not that bad... */
1868 As 64 bit platforms often have an NV that doesn't preserve all bits of
1869 an IV (an assumption perl has been based on to date) it becomes necessary
1870 to remove the assumption that the NV always carries enough precision to
1871 recreate the IV whenever needed, and that the NV is the canonical form.
1872 Instead, IV/UV and NV need to be given equal rights. So as to not lose
1873 precision as a side effect of conversion (which would lead to insanity
1874 and the dragon(s) in t/op/numconvert.t getting very angry) the intent is
1875 1) to distinguish between IV/UV/NV slots that have cached a valid
1876 conversion where precision was lost and IV/UV/NV slots that have a
1877 valid conversion which has lost no precision
1878 2) to ensure that if a numeric conversion to one form is requested that
1879 would lose precision, the precise conversion (or differently
1880 imprecise conversion) is also performed and cached, to prevent
1881 requests for different numeric formats on the same SV causing
1882 lossy conversion chains. (lossless conversion chains are perfectly
1887 SvIOKp is true if the IV slot contains a valid value
1888 SvIOK is true only if the IV value is accurate (UV if SvIOK_UV true)
1889 SvNOKp is true if the NV slot contains a valid value
1890 SvNOK is true only if the NV value is accurate
1893 while converting from PV to NV, check to see if converting that NV to an
1894 IV(or UV) would lose accuracy over a direct conversion from PV to
1895 IV(or UV). If it would, cache both conversions, return NV, but mark
1896 SV as IOK NOKp (ie not NOK).
1898 While converting from PV to IV, check to see if converting that IV to an
1899 NV would lose accuracy over a direct conversion from PV to NV. If it
1900 would, cache both conversions, flag similarly.
1902 Before, the SV value "3.2" could become NV=3.2 IV=3 NOK, IOK quite
1903 correctly because if IV & NV were set NV *always* overruled.
1904 Now, "3.2" will become NV=3.2 IV=3 NOK, IOKp, because the flag's meaning
1905 changes - now IV and NV together means that the two are interchangeable:
1906 SvIVX == (IV) SvNVX && SvNVX == (NV) SvIVX;
1908 The benefit of this is that operations such as pp_add know that if
1909 SvIOK is true for both left and right operands, then integer addition
1910 can be used instead of floating point (for cases where the result won't
1911 overflow). Before, floating point was always used, which could lead to
1912 loss of precision compared with integer addition.
1914 * making IV and NV equal status should make maths accurate on 64 bit
1916 * may speed up maths somewhat if pp_add and friends start to use
1917 integers when possible instead of fp. (Hopefully the overhead in
1918 looking for SvIOK and checking for overflow will not outweigh the
1919 fp to integer speedup)
1920 * will slow down integer operations (callers of SvIV) on "inaccurate"
1921 values, as the change from SvIOK to SvIOKp will cause a call into
1922 sv_2iv each time rather than a macro access direct to the IV slot
1923 * should speed up number->string conversion on integers as IV is
1924 favoured when IV and NV are equally accurate
1926 ####################################################################
1927 You had better be using SvIOK_notUV if you want an IV for arithmetic:
1928 SvIOK is true if (IV or UV), so you might be getting (IV)SvUV.
1929 On the other hand, SvUOK is true iff UV.
1930 ####################################################################
1932 Your mileage will vary depending your CPU's relative fp to integer
1936 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1937 # define IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_IV 1
1938 # define IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_UV 2
1939 # define IS_NUMBER_IV_AND_UV 2
1940 # define IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV 4
1941 # define IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV 5
1943 /* sv_2iuv_non_preserve(): private routine for use by sv_2iv() and sv_2uv() */
1945 /* For sv_2nv these three cases are "SvNOK and don't bother casting" */
1947 S_sv_2iuv_non_preserve(pTHX_ register SV *const sv
1955 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2IUV_NON_PRESERVE;
1957 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_2iuv_non '%s', IV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"NVgf" inttype=%"UVXf"\n", SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv), (UV)numtype));
1958 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MIN) {
1959 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
1961 SvIV_set(sv, IV_MIN);
1962 return IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_IV;
1964 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
1965 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
1968 SvUV_set(sv, UV_MAX);
1969 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV;
1971 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
1973 /* Can't use strtol etc to convert this string. (See truth table in
1975 if (SvNVX(sv) <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
1976 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
1977 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
1978 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Integer is precise. NOK, IOK */
1980 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
1982 return SvNVX(sv) < 0 ? IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_UV : IS_NUMBER_IV_AND_UV;
1985 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
1986 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
1987 if (SvUVX(sv) == UV_MAX) {
1988 /* As we know that NVs don't preserve UVs, UV_MAX cannot
1989 possibly be preserved by NV. Hence, it must be overflow.
1991 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV;
1993 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Integer is precise. NOK, UOK */
1995 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
1997 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV;
1999 #endif /* !NV_PRESERVES_UV*/
2002 S_sv_2iuv_common(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
2006 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2IUV_COMMON;
2009 /* erm. not sure. *should* never get NOKp (without NOK) from sv_2nv
2010 * without also getting a cached IV/UV from it at the same time
2011 * (ie PV->NV conversion should detect loss of accuracy and cache
2012 * IV or UV at same time to avoid this. */
2013 /* IV-over-UV optimisation - choose to cache IV if possible */
2015 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_NV)
2016 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2018 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv); /* Must do this first, to clear any SvOOK */
2019 /* < not <= as for NV doesn't preserve UV, ((NV)IV_MAX+1) will almost
2020 certainly cast into the IV range at IV_MAX, whereas the correct
2021 answer is the UV IV_MAX +1. Hence < ensures that dodgy boundary
2023 #if defined(NAN_COMPARE_BROKEN) && defined(Perl_isnan)
2024 if (Perl_isnan(SvNVX(sv))) {
2030 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2031 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2032 if (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvIVX(sv)
2033 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2034 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2035 (UV)(SvIVX(sv) > 0 ? SvIVX(sv) : -SvIVX(sv)))
2036 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2037 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2038 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2042 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Can this go wrong with rounding? NWC */
2044 /* scalar has trailing garbage, eg "42a" */
2046 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2047 "0x%"UVxf" iv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (precise)\n",
2053 /* IV not precise. No need to convert from PV, as NV
2054 conversion would already have cached IV if it detected
2055 that PV->IV would be better than PV->NV->IV
2056 flags already correct - don't set public IOK. */
2057 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2058 "0x%"UVxf" iv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (imprecise)\n",
2063 /* Can the above go wrong if SvIVX == IV_MIN and SvNVX < IV_MIN,
2064 but the cast (NV)IV_MIN rounds to a the value less (more
2065 negative) than IV_MIN which happens to be equal to SvNVX ??
2066 Analogous to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF rounding up to NV (2**64) and
2067 NV rounding back to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, so UVX == UV(NVX) and
2068 (NV)UVX == NVX are both true, but the values differ. :-(
2069 Hopefully for 2s complement IV_MIN is something like
2070 0x8000000000000000 which will be exact. NWC */
2073 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2075 (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvUVX(sv))
2076 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2077 /* Make sure it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
2078 /*&& (SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) irrelevant with code below */
2079 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) > SvUVX(sv))
2080 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2081 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2082 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2088 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2089 "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"UVuf" => %"IVdf") (as unsigned)\n",
2095 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2097 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2098 /* We want to avoid a possible problem when we cache an IV/ a UV which
2099 may be later translated to an NV, and the resulting NV is not
2100 the same as the direct translation of the initial string
2101 (eg 123.456 can shortcut to the IV 123 with atol(), but we must
2102 be careful to ensure that the value with the .456 is around if the
2103 NV value is requested in the future).
2105 This means that if we cache such an IV/a UV, we need to cache the
2106 NV as well. Moreover, we trade speed for space, and do not
2107 cache the NV if we are sure it's not needed.
2110 /* SVt_PVNV is one higher than SVt_PVIV, hence this order */
2111 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2112 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2113 /* It's definitely an integer, only upgrade to PVIV */
2114 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
2115 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
2117 } else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2118 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2120 /* If NVs preserve UVs then we only use the UV value if we know that
2121 we aren't going to call atof() below. If NVs don't preserve UVs
2122 then the value returned may have more precision than atof() will
2123 return, even though value isn't perfectly accurate. */
2124 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
2125 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2128 )) == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2129 /* This won't turn off the public IOK flag if it was set above */
2130 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2132 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG)) {
2134 if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2135 SvIV_set(sv, (IV)value);
2137 /* it didn't overflow, and it was positive. */
2138 SvUV_set(sv, value);
2142 /* 2s complement assumption */
2143 if (value <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
2144 SvIV_set(sv, -(IV)value);
2146 /* Too negative for an IV. This is a double upgrade, but
2147 I'm assuming it will be rare. */
2148 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2149 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2153 SvNV_set(sv, -(NV)value);
2154 SvIV_set(sv, IV_MIN);
2158 /* For !NV_PRESERVES_UV and IS_NUMBER_IN_UV and IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT we
2159 will be in the previous block to set the IV slot, and the next
2160 block to set the NV slot. So no else here. */
2162 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2163 != IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2164 /* It wasn't an (integer that doesn't overflow the UV). */
2165 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2167 if (! numtype && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2170 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2171 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2172 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2174 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"NVgf")\n",
2175 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2178 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2179 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2181 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2182 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2183 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2186 NOOP; /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
2188 /* UV will not work better than IV */
2190 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
2192 /* Integer is inaccurate. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2193 SvUV_set(sv, UV_MAX);
2195 SvUV_set(sv, U_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2196 /* 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF not an issue in here, NVs
2197 NV preservse UV so can do correct comparison. */
2198 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2201 NOOP; /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2206 #else /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2207 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2208 == (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT)) {
2209 /* The IV/UV slot will have been set from value returned by
2210 grok_number above. The NV slot has just been set using
2213 assert (SvIOKp(sv));
2215 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2216 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
2217 /* Small enough to preserve all bits. */
2218 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2220 SvIV_set(sv, I_V(SvNVX(sv)));
2221 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv))
2223 /* Assumption: first non-preserved integer is < IV_MAX,
2224 this NV is in the preserved range, therefore: */
2225 if (!(U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))
2227 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sv_2iv assumed (U_V(fabs((double)SvNVX(sv))) < (UV)IV_MAX) but SvNVX(sv)=%"NVgf" U_V is 0x%"UVxf", IV_MAX is 0x%"UVxf"\n", SvNVX(sv), U_V(SvNVX(sv)), (UV)IV_MAX);
2231 0 0 already failed to read UV.
2232 0 1 already failed to read UV.
2233 1 0 you won't get here in this case. IV/UV
2234 slot set, public IOK, Atof() unneeded.
2235 1 1 already read UV.
2236 so there's no point in sv_2iuv_non_preserve() attempting
2237 to use atol, strtol, strtoul etc. */
2239 sv_2iuv_non_preserve (sv, numtype);
2241 sv_2iuv_non_preserve (sv);
2245 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2246 /* It might be more code efficient to go through the entire logic above
2247 and conditionally set with SvIOKp_on() rather than SvIOK(), but it
2248 gets complex and potentially buggy, so more programmer efficient
2249 to do it this way, by turning off the public flags: */
2251 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK);
2255 if (isGV_with_GP(sv))
2256 return glob_2number(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
2258 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
2259 if (!PL_localizing && ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2262 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_IV)
2263 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
2264 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
2265 /* Return 0 from the caller. */
2272 =for apidoc sv_2iv_flags
2274 Return the integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
2275 conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
2276 Normally used via the C<SvIV(sv)> and C<SvIVx(sv)> macros.
2282 Perl_sv_2iv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const I32 flags)
2287 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv) || (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV && SvVALID(sv))) {
2288 /* FBMs use the same flag bit as SVf_IVisUV, so must let them
2289 cache IVs just in case. In practice it seems that they never
2290 actually anywhere accessible by user Perl code, let alone get used
2291 in anything other than a string context. */
2292 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2297 return I_V(SvNVX(sv));
2299 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2302 = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2304 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2305 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2306 /* It's definitely an integer */
2307 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) {
2308 if (value < (UV)IV_MIN)
2311 if (value < (UV)IV_MAX)
2316 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2319 return I_V(Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2324 assert(SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG);
2325 /* This falls through to the report_uninit inside S_sv_2iuv_common. */
2326 } else if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2331 if (flags & SV_SKIP_OVERLOAD)
2333 tmpstr=AMG_CALLun(sv,numer);
2334 if (tmpstr && (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv)))) {
2335 return SvIV(tmpstr);
2338 return PTR2IV(SvRV(sv));
2341 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
2343 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2344 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2350 if (S_sv_2iuv_common(aTHX_ sv))
2353 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"IVdf")\n",
2354 PTR2UV(sv),SvIVX(sv)));
2355 return SvIsUV(sv) ? (IV)SvUVX(sv) : SvIVX(sv);
2359 =for apidoc sv_2uv_flags
2361 Return the unsigned integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
2362 conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
2363 Normally used via the C<SvUV(sv)> and C<SvUVx(sv)> macros.
2369 Perl_sv_2uv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const I32 flags)
2374 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv) || (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV && SvVALID(sv))) {
2375 /* FBMs use the same flag bit as SVf_IVisUV, so must let them
2376 cache IVs just in case. */
2377 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2382 return U_V(SvNVX(sv));
2383 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2386 = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2388 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2389 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2390 /* It's definitely an integer */
2391 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG))
2395 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2398 return U_V(Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2403 assert(SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG);
2404 /* This falls through to the report_uninit inside S_sv_2iuv_common. */
2405 } else if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2410 if (flags & SV_SKIP_OVERLOAD)
2412 tmpstr = AMG_CALLun(sv,numer);
2413 if (tmpstr && (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv)))) {
2414 return SvUV(tmpstr);
2417 return PTR2UV(SvRV(sv));
2420 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
2422 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2423 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2429 if (S_sv_2iuv_common(aTHX_ sv))
2433 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%"UVuf")\n",
2434 PTR2UV(sv),SvUVX(sv)));
2435 return SvIsUV(sv) ? SvUVX(sv) : (UV)SvIVX(sv);
2439 =for apidoc sv_2nv_flags
2441 Return the num value of an SV, doing any necessary string or integer
2442 conversion. If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first.
2443 Normally used via the C<SvNV(sv)> and C<SvNVx(sv)> macros.
2449 Perl_sv_2nv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const I32 flags)
2454 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv) || (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV && SvVALID(sv))) {
2455 /* FBMs use the same flag bit as SVf_IVisUV, so must let them
2456 cache IVs just in case. */
2457 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2461 if ((SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) && !SvIOKp(sv)) {
2462 if (!SvIOKp(sv) && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC) &&
2463 !grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), NULL))
2465 return Atof(SvPVX_const(sv));
2469 return (NV)SvUVX(sv);
2471 return (NV)SvIVX(sv);
2476 assert(SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG);
2477 /* This falls through to the report_uninit near the end of the
2479 } else if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2484 if (flags & SV_SKIP_OVERLOAD)
2486 tmpstr = AMG_CALLun(sv,numer);
2487 if (tmpstr && (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv)))) {
2488 return SvNV(tmpstr);
2491 return PTR2NV(SvRV(sv));
2494 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
2496 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2497 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2502 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_NV) {
2503 /* The logic to use SVt_PVNV if necessary is in sv_upgrade. */
2504 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
2505 #ifdef USE_LONG_DOUBLE
2507 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2508 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2509 "0x%"UVxf" num(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2510 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2511 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2515 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2516 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" num(%"NVgf")\n",
2517 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2518 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2522 else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2523 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2528 SvNV_set(sv, SvIsUV(sv) ? (NV)SvUVX(sv) : (NV)SvIVX(sv));
2529 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2535 /* Only set the public NV OK flag if this NV preserves the IV */
2536 /* Check it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
2538 SvIsUV(sv) ? ((SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX)&&(SvUVX(sv) == U_V(SvNVX(sv))))
2539 : (SvIVX(sv) == I_V(SvNVX(sv))))
2545 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2547 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2548 if (!SvIOKp(sv) && !numtype && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2550 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2551 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2552 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2553 /* It's definitely an integer */
2554 SvNV_set(sv, (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) ? -(NV)value : (NV)value);
2556 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2562 SvNV_set(sv, Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)));
2563 /* Only set the public NV OK flag if this NV preserves the value in
2564 the PV at least as well as an IV/UV would.
2565 Not sure how to do this 100% reliably. */
2566 /* if that shift count is out of range then Configure's test is
2567 wonky. We shouldn't be in here with NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS ==
2569 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2570 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
2571 SvNOK_on(sv); /* Definitely small enough to preserve all bits */
2572 } else if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_IN_UV)) {
2573 /* Can't use strtol etc to convert this string, so don't try.
2574 sv_2iv and sv_2uv will use the NV to convert, not the PV. */
2577 /* value has been set. It may not be precise. */
2578 if ((numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) && (value > (UV)IV_MIN)) {
2579 /* 2s complement assumption for (UV)IV_MIN */
2580 SvNOK_on(sv); /* Integer is too negative. */
2585 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) {
2586 SvIV_set(sv, -(IV)value);
2587 } else if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2588 SvIV_set(sv, (IV)value);
2590 SvUV_set(sv, value);
2594 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT) {
2595 /* I believe that even if the original PV had decimals,
2596 they are lost beyond the limit of the FP precision.
2597 However, neither is canonical, so both only get p
2598 flags. NWC, 2000/11/25 */
2599 /* Both already have p flags, so do nothing */
2601 const NV nv = SvNVX(sv);
2602 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2603 if (SvIVX(sv) == I_V(nv)) {
2606 /* It had no "." so it must be integer. */
2610 /* between IV_MAX and NV(UV_MAX).
2611 Could be slightly > UV_MAX */
2613 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT) {
2614 /* UV and NV both imprecise. */
2616 const UV nv_as_uv = U_V(nv);
2618 if (value == nv_as_uv && SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) {
2627 /* It might be more code efficient to go through the entire logic above
2628 and conditionally set with SvNOKp_on() rather than SvNOK(), but it
2629 gets complex and potentially buggy, so more programmer efficient
2630 to do it this way, by turning off the public flags: */
2632 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK);
2633 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2636 if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
2637 glob_2number(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
2641 if (!PL_localizing && !(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP) && ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2643 assert (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_NV);
2644 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
2645 /* XXX Ilya implies that this is a bug in callers that assume this
2646 and ideally should be fixed. */
2649 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2651 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2652 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2nv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2653 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2654 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2658 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2659 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 1nv(%"NVgf")\n",
2660 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2661 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2670 Return an SV with the numeric value of the source SV, doing any necessary
2671 reference or overload conversion. You must use the C<SvNUM(sv)> macro to
2672 access this function.
2678 Perl_sv_2num(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
2680 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2NUM;
2685 SV * const tmpsv = AMG_CALLun(sv,numer);
2686 TAINT_IF(tmpsv && SvTAINTED(tmpsv));
2687 if (tmpsv && (!SvROK(tmpsv) || (SvRV(tmpsv) != SvRV(sv))))
2688 return sv_2num(tmpsv);
2690 return sv_2mortal(newSVuv(PTR2UV(SvRV(sv))));
2693 /* uiv_2buf(): private routine for use by sv_2pv_flags(): print an IV or
2694 * UV as a string towards the end of buf, and return pointers to start and
2697 * We assume that buf is at least TYPE_CHARS(UV) long.
2701 S_uiv_2buf(char *const buf, const IV iv, UV uv, const int is_uv, char **const peob)
2703 char *ptr = buf + TYPE_CHARS(UV);
2704 char * const ebuf = ptr;
2707 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UIV_2BUF;
2719 *--ptr = '0' + (char)(uv % 10);
2728 =for apidoc sv_2pv_flags
2730 Returns a pointer to the string value of an SV, and sets *lp to its length.
2731 If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first. Coerces sv to a string
2733 Normally invoked via the C<SvPV_flags> macro. C<sv_2pv()> and C<sv_2pv_nomg>
2734 usually end up here too.
2740 Perl_sv_2pv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp, const I32 flags)
2750 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
2751 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2756 if (flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)
2757 return SvPVX_mutable(sv);
2758 if (flags & SV_CONST_RETURN)
2759 return (char *)SvPVX_const(sv);
2762 if (SvIOKp(sv) || SvNOKp(sv)) {
2763 char tbuf[64]; /* Must fit sprintf/Gconvert of longest IV/NV */
2768 ? my_snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%"UVuf, (UV)SvUVX(sv))
2769 : my_snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%"IVdf, (IV)SvIVX(sv));
2771 Gconvert(SvNVX(sv), NV_DIG, 0, tbuf);
2778 #ifdef FIXNEGATIVEZERO
2779 if (len == 2 && tbuf[0] == '-' && tbuf[1] == '0') {
2785 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
2788 s = SvGROW_mutable(sv, len + 1);
2791 return (char*)memcpy(s, tbuf, len + 1);
2797 assert(SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG);
2798 /* This falls through to the report_uninit near the end of the
2800 } else if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2805 if (flags & SV_SKIP_OVERLOAD)
2807 tmpstr = AMG_CALLun(sv,string);
2808 TAINT_IF(tmpstr && SvTAINTED(tmpstr));
2809 if (tmpstr && (!SvROK(tmpstr) || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv)))) {
2811 /* char *pv = lp ? SvPV(tmpstr, *lp) : SvPV_nolen(tmpstr);
2815 if ((SvFLAGS(tmpstr) & (SVf_POK)) == SVf_POK) {
2816 if (flags & SV_CONST_RETURN) {
2817 pv = (char *) SvPVX_const(tmpstr);
2819 pv = (flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)
2820 ? SvPVX_mutable(tmpstr) : SvPVX(tmpstr);
2823 *lp = SvCUR(tmpstr);
2825 pv = sv_2pv_flags(tmpstr, lp, flags);
2838 SV *const referent = SvRV(sv);
2842 retval = buffer = savepvn("NULLREF", len);
2843 } else if (SvTYPE(referent) == SVt_REGEXP) {
2844 REGEXP * const re = (REGEXP *)MUTABLE_PTR(referent);
2849 /* If the regex is UTF-8 we want the containing scalar to
2850 have an UTF-8 flag too */
2856 if ((seen_evals = RX_SEEN_EVALS(re)))
2857 PL_reginterp_cnt += seen_evals;
2860 *lp = RX_WRAPLEN(re);
2862 return RX_WRAPPED(re);
2864 const char *const typestr = sv_reftype(referent, 0);
2865 const STRLEN typelen = strlen(typestr);
2866 UV addr = PTR2UV(referent);
2867 const char *stashname = NULL;
2868 STRLEN stashnamelen = 0; /* hush, gcc */
2869 const char *buffer_end;
2871 if (SvOBJECT(referent)) {
2872 const HEK *const name = HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(referent));
2875 stashname = HEK_KEY(name);
2876 stashnamelen = HEK_LEN(name);
2878 if (HEK_UTF8(name)) {
2884 stashname = "__ANON__";
2887 len = stashnamelen + 1 /* = */ + typelen + 3 /* (0x */
2888 + 2 * sizeof(UV) + 2 /* )\0 */;
2890 len = typelen + 3 /* (0x */
2891 + 2 * sizeof(UV) + 2 /* )\0 */;
2894 Newx(buffer, len, char);
2895 buffer_end = retval = buffer + len;
2897 /* Working backwards */
2901 *--retval = PL_hexdigit[addr & 15];
2902 } while (addr >>= 4);
2908 memcpy(retval, typestr, typelen);
2912 retval -= stashnamelen;
2913 memcpy(retval, stashname, stashnamelen);
2915 /* retval may not neccesarily have reached the start of the
2917 assert (retval >= buffer);
2919 len = buffer_end - retval - 1; /* -1 for that \0 */
2927 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2930 if (flags & SV_UNDEF_RETURNS_NULL)
2932 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2937 if (SvIOK(sv) || ((SvIOKp(sv) && !SvNOKp(sv)))) {
2938 /* I'm assuming that if both IV and NV are equally valid then
2939 converting the IV is going to be more efficient */
2940 const U32 isUIOK = SvIsUV(sv);
2941 char buf[TYPE_CHARS(UV)];
2945 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
2946 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
2947 ptr = uiv_2buf(buf, SvIVX(sv), SvUVX(sv), isUIOK, &ebuf);
2949 /* inlined from sv_setpvn */
2950 s = SvGROW_mutable(sv, len + 1);
2951 Move(ptr, s, len, char);
2955 else if (SvNOKp(sv)) {
2957 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2958 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2959 /* The +20 is pure guesswork. Configure test needed. --jhi */
2960 s = SvGROW_mutable(sv, NV_DIG + 20);
2961 /* some Xenix systems wipe out errno here */
2963 if (SvNVX(sv) == 0.0)
2964 my_strlcpy(s, "0", SvLEN(sv));
2968 Gconvert(SvNVX(sv), NV_DIG, 0, s);
2971 #ifdef FIXNEGATIVEZERO
2972 if (*s == '-' && s[1] == '0' && !s[2]) {
2984 if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
2985 GV *const gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
2986 const U32 wasfake = SvFLAGS(gv) & SVf_FAKE;
2987 SV *const buffer = sv_newmortal();
2989 /* FAKE globs can get coerced, so need to turn this off temporarily
2992 gv_efullname3(buffer, gv, "*");
2993 SvFLAGS(gv) |= wasfake;
2995 if (SvPOK(buffer)) {
2997 *lp = SvCUR(buffer);
2999 return SvPVX(buffer);
3010 if (flags & SV_UNDEF_RETURNS_NULL)
3012 if (!PL_localizing && !(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP) && ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
3014 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PV)
3015 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
3016 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
3020 const STRLEN len = s - SvPVX_const(sv);
3026 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2pv(%s)\n",
3027 PTR2UV(sv),SvPVX_const(sv)));
3028 if (flags & SV_CONST_RETURN)
3029 return (char *)SvPVX_const(sv);
3030 if (flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)
3031 return SvPVX_mutable(sv);
3036 =for apidoc sv_copypv
3038 Copies a stringified representation of the source SV into the
3039 destination SV. Automatically performs any necessary mg_get and
3040 coercion of numeric values into strings. Guaranteed to preserve
3041 UTF8 flag even from overloaded objects. Similar in nature to
3042 sv_2pv[_flags] but operates directly on an SV instead of just the
3043 string. Mostly uses sv_2pv_flags to do its work, except when that
3044 would lose the UTF-8'ness of the PV.
3050 Perl_sv_copypv(pTHX_ SV *const dsv, register SV *const ssv)
3053 const char * const s = SvPV_const(ssv,len);
3055 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_COPYPV;
3057 sv_setpvn(dsv,s,len);
3065 =for apidoc sv_2pvbyte
3067 Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3068 to its length. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF-8 as a
3071 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte> macro.
3077 Perl_sv_2pvbyte(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp)
3079 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2PVBYTE;
3081 sv_utf8_downgrade(sv,0);
3082 return lp ? SvPV(sv,*lp) : SvPV_nolen(sv);
3086 =for apidoc sv_2pvutf8
3088 Return a pointer to the UTF-8-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3089 to its length. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF-8 as a side-effect.
3091 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8> macro.
3097 Perl_sv_2pvutf8(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp)
3099 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2PVUTF8;
3101 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
3102 return lp ? SvPV(sv,*lp) : SvPV_nolen(sv);
3107 =for apidoc sv_2bool
3109 This function is only called on magical items, and is only used by
3110 sv_true() or its macro equivalent.
3116 Perl_sv_2bool(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
3120 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2BOOL;
3128 SV * const tmpsv = AMG_CALLun(sv,bool_);
3129 if (tmpsv && (!SvROK(tmpsv) || (SvRV(tmpsv) != SvRV(sv))))
3130 return cBOOL(SvTRUE(tmpsv));
3132 return SvRV(sv) != 0;
3135 register XPV* const Xpvtmp = (XPV*)SvANY(sv);
3137 (*sv->sv_u.svu_pv > '0' ||
3138 Xpvtmp->xpv_cur > 1 ||
3139 (Xpvtmp->xpv_cur && *sv->sv_u.svu_pv != '0')))
3146 return SvIVX(sv) != 0;
3149 return SvNVX(sv) != 0.0;
3151 if (isGV_with_GP(sv))
3161 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade
3163 Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
3164 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
3165 Will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate.
3166 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
3167 if the whole string is the same in UTF-8 as not.
3168 Returns the number of bytes in the converted string
3170 This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
3171 use the Encode extension for that.
3173 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg
3175 Like sv_utf8_upgrade, but doesn't do magic on C<sv>
3177 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
3179 Converts the PV of an SV to its UTF-8-encoded form.
3180 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
3181 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
3182 if all the bytes are invariant in UTF-8. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
3183 will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not.
3184 Returns the number of bytes in the converted string
3185 C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
3186 C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
3188 This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
3189 use the Encode extension for that.
3193 The grow version is currently not externally documented. It adds a parameter,
3194 extra, which is the number of unused bytes the string of 'sv' is guaranteed to
3195 have free after it upon return. This allows the caller to reserve extra space
3196 that it intends to fill, to avoid extra grows.
3198 Also externally undocumented for the moment is the flag SV_FORCE_UTF8_UPGRADE,
3199 which can be used to tell this function to not first check to see if there are
3200 any characters that are different in UTF-8 (variant characters) which would
3201 force it to allocate a new string to sv, but to assume there are. Typically
3202 this flag is used by a routine that has already parsed the string to find that
3203 there are such characters, and passes this information on so that the work
3204 doesn't have to be repeated.
3206 (One might think that the calling routine could pass in the position of the
3207 first such variant, so it wouldn't have to be found again. But that is not the
3208 case, because typically when the caller is likely to use this flag, it won't be
3209 calling this routine unless it finds something that won't fit into a byte.
3210 Otherwise it tries to not upgrade and just use bytes. But some things that
3211 do fit into a byte are variants in utf8, and the caller may not have been
3212 keeping track of these.)
3214 If the routine itself changes the string, it adds a trailing NUL. Such a NUL
3215 isn't guaranteed due to having other routines do the work in some input cases,
3216 or if the input is already flagged as being in utf8.
3218 The speed of this could perhaps be improved for many cases if someone wanted to
3219 write a fast function that counts the number of variant characters in a string,
3220 especially if it could return the position of the first one.
3225 Perl_sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const I32 flags, STRLEN extra)
3229 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UTF8_UPGRADE_FLAGS_GROW;
3231 if (sv == &PL_sv_undef)
3235 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && (SvPOKp(sv) || SvIOKp(sv) || SvNOKp(sv))) {
3236 (void) sv_2pv_flags(sv,&len, flags);
3238 if (extra) SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + extra);
3242 (void) SvPV_force(sv,len);
3247 if (extra) SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + extra);
3252 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
3255 if (PL_encoding && !(flags & SV_UTF8_NO_ENCODING)) {
3256 sv_recode_to_utf8(sv, PL_encoding);
3257 if (extra) SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + extra);
3261 if (SvCUR(sv) == 0) {
3262 if (extra) SvGROW(sv, extra);
3263 } else { /* Assume Latin-1/EBCDIC */
3264 /* This function could be much more efficient if we
3265 * had a FLAG in SVs to signal if there are any variant
3266 * chars in the PV. Given that there isn't such a flag
3267 * make the loop as fast as possible (although there are certainly ways
3268 * to speed this up, eg. through vectorization) */
3269 U8 * s = (U8 *) SvPVX_const(sv);
3270 U8 * e = (U8 *) SvEND(sv);
3272 STRLEN two_byte_count = 0;
3274 if (flags & SV_FORCE_UTF8_UPGRADE) goto must_be_utf8;
3276 /* See if really will need to convert to utf8. We mustn't rely on our
3277 * incoming SV being well formed and having a trailing '\0', as certain
3278 * code in pp_formline can send us partially built SVs. */
3282 if (NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT(ch)) continue;
3284 t--; /* t already incremented; re-point to first variant */
3289 /* utf8 conversion not needed because all are invariants. Mark as
3290 * UTF-8 even if no variant - saves scanning loop */
3296 /* Here, the string should be converted to utf8, either because of an
3297 * input flag (two_byte_count = 0), or because a character that
3298 * requires 2 bytes was found (two_byte_count = 1). t points either to
3299 * the beginning of the string (if we didn't examine anything), or to
3300 * the first variant. In either case, everything from s to t - 1 will
3301 * occupy only 1 byte each on output.
3303 * There are two main ways to convert. One is to create a new string
3304 * and go through the input starting from the beginning, appending each
3305 * converted value onto the new string as we go along. It's probably
3306 * best to allocate enough space in the string for the worst possible
3307 * case rather than possibly running out of space and having to
3308 * reallocate and then copy what we've done so far. Since everything
3309 * from s to t - 1 is invariant, the destination can be initialized
3310 * with these using a fast memory copy
3312 * The other way is to figure out exactly how big the string should be
3313 * by parsing the entire input. Then you don't have to make it big
3314 * enough to handle the worst possible case, and more importantly, if
3315 * the string you already have is large enough, you don't have to
3316 * allocate a new string, you can copy the last character in the input
3317 * string to the final position(s) that will be occupied by the
3318 * converted string and go backwards, stopping at t, since everything
3319 * before that is invariant.
3321 * There are advantages and disadvantages to each method.
3323 * In the first method, we can allocate a new string, do the memory
3324 * copy from the s to t - 1, and then proceed through the rest of the
3325 * string byte-by-byte.
3327 * In the second method, we proceed through the rest of the input
3328 * string just calculating how big the converted string will be. Then
3329 * there are two cases:
3330 * 1) if the string has enough extra space to handle the converted
3331 * value. We go backwards through the string, converting until we
3332 * get to the position we are at now, and then stop. If this
3333 * position is far enough along in the string, this method is
3334 * faster than the other method. If the memory copy were the same
3335 * speed as the byte-by-byte loop, that position would be about
3336 * half-way, as at the half-way mark, parsing to the end and back
3337 * is one complete string's parse, the same amount as starting
3338 * over and going all the way through. Actually, it would be
3339 * somewhat less than half-way, as it's faster to just count bytes
3340 * than to also copy, and we don't have the overhead of allocating
3341 * a new string, changing the scalar to use it, and freeing the
3342 * existing one. But if the memory copy is fast, the break-even
3343 * point is somewhere after half way. The counting loop could be
3344 * sped up by vectorization, etc, to move the break-even point
3345 * further towards the beginning.
3346 * 2) if the string doesn't have enough space to handle the converted
3347 * value. A new string will have to be allocated, and one might
3348 * as well, given that, start from the beginning doing the first
3349 * method. We've spent extra time parsing the string and in
3350 * exchange all we've gotten is that we know precisely how big to
3351 * make the new one. Perl is more optimized for time than space,
3352 * so this case is a loser.
3353 * So what I've decided to do is not use the 2nd method unless it is
3354 * guaranteed that a new string won't have to be allocated, assuming
3355 * the worst case. I also decided not to put any more conditions on it
3356 * than this, for now. It seems likely that, since the worst case is
3357 * twice as big as the unknown portion of the string (plus 1), we won't
3358 * be guaranteed enough space, causing us to go to the first method,
3359 * unless the string is short, or the first variant character is near
3360 * the end of it. In either of these cases, it seems best to use the
3361 * 2nd method. The only circumstance I can think of where this would
3362 * be really slower is if the string had once had much more data in it
3363 * than it does now, but there is still a substantial amount in it */
3366 STRLEN invariant_head = t - s;
3367 STRLEN size = invariant_head + (e - t) * 2 + 1 + extra;
3368 if (SvLEN(sv) < size) {
3370 /* Here, have decided to allocate a new string */
3375 Newx(dst, size, U8);
3377 /* If no known invariants at the beginning of the input string,
3378 * set so starts from there. Otherwise, can use memory copy to
3379 * get up to where we are now, and then start from here */
3381 if (invariant_head <= 0) {
3384 Copy(s, dst, invariant_head, char);
3385 d = dst + invariant_head;
3389 const UV uv = NATIVE8_TO_UNI(*t++);
3390 if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv))
3391 *d++ = (U8)UNI_TO_NATIVE(uv);
3393 *d++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(uv);
3394 *d++ = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(uv);
3398 SvPV_free(sv); /* No longer using pre-existing string */
3399 SvPV_set(sv, (char*)dst);
3400 SvCUR_set(sv, d - dst);
3401 SvLEN_set(sv, size);
3404 /* Here, have decided to get the exact size of the string.
3405 * Currently this happens only when we know that there is
3406 * guaranteed enough space to fit the converted string, so
3407 * don't have to worry about growing. If two_byte_count is 0,
3408 * then t points to the first byte of the string which hasn't
3409 * been examined yet. Otherwise two_byte_count is 1, and t
3410 * points to the first byte in the string that will expand to
3411 * two. Depending on this, start examining at t or 1 after t.
3414 U8 *d = t + two_byte_count;
3417 /* Count up the remaining bytes that expand to two */
3420 const U8 chr = *d++;
3421 if (! NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT(chr)) two_byte_count++;
3424 /* The string will expand by just the number of bytes that
3425 * occupy two positions. But we are one afterwards because of
3426 * the increment just above. This is the place to put the
3427 * trailing NUL, and to set the length before we decrement */
3429 d += two_byte_count;
3430 SvCUR_set(sv, d - s);
3434 /* Having decremented d, it points to the position to put the
3435 * very last byte of the expanded string. Go backwards through
3436 * the string, copying and expanding as we go, stopping when we
3437 * get to the part that is invariant the rest of the way down */
3441 const U8 ch = NATIVE8_TO_UNI(*e--);
3442 if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(ch)) {
3443 *d-- = UNI_TO_NATIVE(ch);
3445 *d-- = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(ch);
3446 *d-- = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(ch);
3453 /* Mark as UTF-8 even if no variant - saves scanning loop */
3459 =for apidoc sv_utf8_downgrade
3461 Attempts to convert the PV of an SV from characters to bytes.
3462 If the PV contains a character that cannot fit
3463 in a byte, this conversion will fail;
3464 in this case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
3467 This is not as a general purpose Unicode to byte encoding interface:
3468 use the Encode extension for that.
3474 Perl_sv_utf8_downgrade(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const bool fail_ok)
3478 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UTF8_DOWNGRADE;
3480 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvUTF8(sv)) {
3486 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
3488 s = (U8 *) SvPV(sv, len);
3489 if (!utf8_to_bytes(s, &len)) {
3494 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character in %s",
3497 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character");
3508 =for apidoc sv_utf8_encode
3510 Converts the PV of an SV to UTF-8, but then turns the C<SvUTF8>
3511 flag off so that it looks like octets again.
3517 Perl_sv_utf8_encode(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
3519 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UTF8_ENCODE;
3522 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
3524 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
3525 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
3527 (void) sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
3532 =for apidoc sv_utf8_decode
3534 If the PV of the SV is an octet sequence in UTF-8
3535 and contains a multiple-byte character, the C<SvUTF8> flag is turned on
3536 so that it looks like a character. If the PV contains only single-byte
3537 characters, the C<SvUTF8> flag stays being off.
3538 Scans PV for validity and returns false if the PV is invalid UTF-8.
3544 Perl_sv_utf8_decode(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
3546 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UTF8_DECODE;
3552 /* The octets may have got themselves encoded - get them back as
3555 if (!sv_utf8_downgrade(sv, TRUE))
3558 /* it is actually just a matter of turning the utf8 flag on, but
3559 * we want to make sure everything inside is valid utf8 first.
3561 c = (const U8 *) SvPVX_const(sv);
3562 if (!is_utf8_string(c, SvCUR(sv)+1))
3564 e = (const U8 *) SvEND(sv);
3567 if (!UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(ch)) {
3577 =for apidoc sv_setsv
3579 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
3580 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
3581 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3582 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
3583 content of the destination.
3585 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
3586 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
3587 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
3589 =for apidoc sv_setsv_flags
3591 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
3592 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
3593 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3594 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
3595 content of the destination.
3596 If the C<flags> parameter has the C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on
3597 C<ssv> if appropriate, else not. If the C<flags> parameter has the
3598 C<NOSTEAL> bit set then the buffers of temps will not be stolen. <sv_setsv>
3599 and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
3601 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
3602 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
3603 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
3605 This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other
3606 copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath.
3612 S_glob_assign_glob(pTHX_ SV *const dstr, SV *const sstr, const int dtype)
3614 I32 mro_changes = 0; /* 1 = method, 2 = isa */
3616 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GLOB_ASSIGN_GLOB;
3618 if (dtype != SVt_PVGV) {
3619 const char * const name = GvNAME(sstr);
3620 const STRLEN len = GvNAMELEN(sstr);
3622 if (dtype >= SVt_PV) {
3628 SvUPGRADE(dstr, SVt_PVGV);
3629 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3630 /* FIXME - why are we doing this, then turning it off and on again
3632 isGV_with_GP_on(dstr);
3634 GvSTASH(dstr) = GvSTASH(sstr);
3636 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(GvSTASH(dstr)), dstr);
3637 gv_name_set(MUTABLE_GV(dstr), name, len, GV_ADD);
3638 SvFAKE_on(dstr); /* can coerce to non-glob */
3641 if(GvGP(MUTABLE_GV(sstr))) {
3642 /* If source has method cache entry, clear it */
3644 SvREFCNT_dec(GvCV(sstr));
3648 /* If source has a real method, then a method is
3650 else if(GvCV((const GV *)sstr)) {
3655 /* If dest already had a real method, that's a change as well */
3656 if(!mro_changes && GvGP(MUTABLE_GV(dstr)) && GvCVu((const GV *)dstr)) {
3660 if(strEQ(GvNAME((const GV *)dstr),"ISA"))
3663 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(dstr));
3664 isGV_with_GP_off(dstr);
3665 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3666 isGV_with_GP_on(dstr);
3667 GvINTRO_off(dstr); /* one-shot flag */
3668 GvGP(dstr) = gp_ref(GvGP(sstr));
3669 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
3671 if (GvIMPORTED(dstr) != GVf_IMPORTED
3672 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
3674 GvIMPORTED_on(dstr);
3677 if(mro_changes == 2) mro_isa_changed_in(GvSTASH(dstr));
3678 else if(mro_changes) mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(dstr));
3683 S_glob_assign_ref(pTHX_ SV *const dstr, SV *const sstr)
3685 SV * const sref = SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(sstr));
3687 const int intro = GvINTRO(dstr);
3690 const U32 stype = SvTYPE(sref);
3692 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GLOB_ASSIGN_REF;
3695 GvINTRO_off(dstr); /* one-shot flag */
3696 GvLINE(dstr) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
3697 GvEGV(dstr) = MUTABLE_GV(dstr);
3702 location = (SV **) &GvCV(dstr);
3703 import_flag = GVf_IMPORTED_CV;
3706 location = (SV **) &GvHV(dstr);
3707 import_flag = GVf_IMPORTED_HV;
3710 location = (SV **) &GvAV(dstr);
3711 import_flag = GVf_IMPORTED_AV;
3714 location = (SV **) &GvIOp(dstr);
3717 location = (SV **) &GvFORM(dstr);
3720 location = &GvSV(dstr);
3721 import_flag = GVf_IMPORTED_SV;
3724 if (stype == SVt_PVCV) {
3725 /*if (GvCVGEN(dstr) && (GvCV(dstr) != (const CV *)sref || GvCVGEN(dstr))) {*/
3726 if (GvCVGEN(dstr)) {
3727 SvREFCNT_dec(GvCV(dstr));
3729 GvCVGEN(dstr) = 0; /* Switch off cacheness. */
3732 SAVEGENERICSV(*location);
3736 if (stype == SVt_PVCV && (*location != sref || GvCVGEN(dstr))) {
3737 CV* const cv = MUTABLE_CV(*location);
3739 if (!GvCVGEN((const GV *)dstr) &&
3740 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
3742 /* Redefining a sub - warning is mandatory if
3743 it was a const and its value changed. */
3744 if (CvCONST(cv) && CvCONST((const CV *)sref)
3746 == cv_const_sv((const CV *)sref)) {
3748 /* They are 2 constant subroutines generated from
3749 the same constant. This probably means that
3750 they are really the "same" proxy subroutine
3751 instantiated in 2 places. Most likely this is
3752 when a constant is exported twice. Don't warn.
3755 else if (ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)
3757 && (!CvCONST((const CV *)sref)
3758 || sv_cmp(cv_const_sv(cv),
3759 cv_const_sv((const CV *)
3761 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE),
3764 ? "Constant subroutine %s::%s redefined"
3765 : "Subroutine %s::%s redefined"),
3766 HvNAME_get(GvSTASH((const GV *)dstr)),
3767 GvENAME(MUTABLE_GV(dstr)));
3771 cv_ckproto_len(cv, (const GV *)dstr,
3772 SvPOK(sref) ? SvPVX_const(sref) : NULL,
3773 SvPOK(sref) ? SvCUR(sref) : 0);
3775 GvCVGEN(dstr) = 0; /* Switch off cacheness. */
3776 GvASSUMECV_on(dstr);
3777 if(GvSTASH(dstr)) mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(dstr)); /* sub foo { 1 } sub bar { 2 } *bar = \&foo */
3780 if (import_flag && !(GvFLAGS(dstr) & import_flag)
3781 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr))) {
3782 GvFLAGS(dstr) |= import_flag;
3784 if (stype == SVt_PVAV && strEQ(GvNAME((GV*)dstr), "ISA")) {
3785 sv_magic(sref, dstr, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
3786 mro_isa_changed_in(GvSTASH(dstr));
3791 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
3797 Perl_sv_setsv_flags(pTHX_ SV *dstr, register SV* sstr, const I32 flags)
3800 register U32 sflags;
3802 register svtype stype;
3804 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETSV_FLAGS;
3809 if (SvIS_FREED(dstr)) {
3810 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: attempt to copy value %" SVf
3811 " to a freed scalar %p", SVfARG(sstr), (void *)dstr);
3813 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(dstr);
3815 sstr = &PL_sv_undef;
3816 if (SvIS_FREED(sstr)) {
3817 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: attempt to copy freed scalar %p to %p",
3818 (void*)sstr, (void*)dstr);
3820 stype = SvTYPE(sstr);
3821 dtype = SvTYPE(dstr);
3823 (void)SvAMAGIC_off(dstr);
3826 /* need to nuke the magic */
3830 /* There's a lot of redundancy below but we're going for speed here */
3835 if (dtype != SVt_PVGV) {
3836 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3844 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_IV);
3848 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
3851 goto end_of_first_switch;
3853 (void)SvIOK_only(dstr);
3854 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
3857 /* SvTAINTED can only be true if the SV has taint magic, which in
3858 turn means that the SV type is PVMG (or greater). This is the
3859 case statement for SVt_IV, so this cannot be true (whatever gcov
3861 assert(!SvTAINTED(sstr));
3866 if (dtype < SVt_PV && dtype != SVt_IV)
3867 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_IV);
3875 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_NV);
3879 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
3882 goto end_of_first_switch;
3884 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
3885 (void)SvNOK_only(dstr);
3886 /* SvTAINTED can only be true if the SV has taint magic, which in
3887 turn means that the SV type is PVMG (or greater). This is the
3888 case statement for SVt_NV, so this cannot be true (whatever gcov
3890 assert(!SvTAINTED(sstr));
3896 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
3897 if ((SvFLAGS(sstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS) {
3898 if (dtype < SVt_PVIV)
3899 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
3906 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PV);
3909 if (dtype < SVt_PVIV)
3910 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
3913 if (dtype < SVt_PVNV)
3914 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
3918 const char * const type = sv_reftype(sstr,0);
3920 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre copy of %s in %s", type, OP_DESC(PL_op));
3922 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre copy of %s", type);
3927 if (dtype < SVt_REGEXP)
3928 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_REGEXP);
3931 /* case SVt_BIND: */
3934 if (isGV_with_GP(sstr) && dtype <= SVt_PVGV) {
3935 glob_assign_glob(dstr, sstr, dtype);
3938 /* SvVALID means that this PVGV is playing at being an FBM. */
3942 if (SvGMAGICAL(sstr) && (flags & SV_GMAGIC)) {
3944 if (SvTYPE(sstr) != stype) {
3945 stype = SvTYPE(sstr);
3946 if (isGV_with_GP(sstr) && stype == SVt_PVGV && dtype <= SVt_PVGV) {
3947 glob_assign_glob(dstr, sstr, dtype);
3952 if (stype == SVt_PVLV)
3953 SvUPGRADE(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
3955 SvUPGRADE(dstr, (svtype)stype);
3957 end_of_first_switch:
3959 /* dstr may have been upgraded. */
3960 dtype = SvTYPE(dstr);
3961 sflags = SvFLAGS(sstr);
3963 if (dtype == SVt_PVCV || dtype == SVt_PVFM) {
3964 /* Assigning to a subroutine sets the prototype. */
3967 const char *const ptr = SvPV_const(sstr, len);
3969 SvGROW(dstr, len + 1);
3970 Copy(ptr, SvPVX(dstr), len + 1, char);
3971 SvCUR_set(dstr, len);
3973 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= sflags & SVf_UTF8;
3977 } else if (dtype == SVt_PVAV || dtype == SVt_PVHV) {
3978 const char * const type = sv_reftype(dstr,0);
3980 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot copy to %s in %s", type, OP_DESC(PL_op));
3982 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot copy to %s", type);
3983 } else if (sflags & SVf_ROK) {
3984 if (isGV_with_GP(dstr) && dtype == SVt_PVGV
3985 && SvTYPE(SvRV(sstr)) == SVt_PVGV && isGV_with_GP(SvRV(sstr))) {
3988 if (GvIMPORTED(dstr) != GVf_IMPORTED
3989 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
3991 GvIMPORTED_on(dstr);
3996 glob_assign_glob(dstr, sstr, dtype);
4000 if (dtype >= SVt_PV) {
4001 if (dtype == SVt_PVGV && isGV_with_GP(dstr)) {
4002 glob_assign_ref(dstr, sstr);
4005 if (SvPVX_const(dstr)) {
4011 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4012 SvRV_set(dstr, SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(sstr)));
4013 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= sflags & SVf_ROK;
4014 assert(!(sflags & SVp_NOK));
4015 assert(!(sflags & SVp_IOK));
4016 assert(!(sflags & SVf_NOK));
4017 assert(!(sflags & SVf_IOK));
4019 else if (dtype == SVt_PVGV && isGV_with_GP(dstr)) {
4020 if (!(sflags & SVf_OK)) {
4021 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
4022 "Undefined value assigned to typeglob");
4025 GV *gv = gv_fetchsv(sstr, GV_ADD, SVt_PVGV);
4026 if (dstr != (const SV *)gv) {
4028 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(dstr));
4029 GvGP(dstr) = gp_ref(GvGP(gv));
4033 else if (dtype == SVt_REGEXP && stype == SVt_REGEXP) {
4034 reg_temp_copy((REGEXP*)dstr, (REGEXP*)sstr);
4036 else if (sflags & SVp_POK) {
4040 * Check to see if we can just swipe the string. If so, it's a
4041 * possible small lose on short strings, but a big win on long ones.
4042 * It might even be a win on short strings if SvPVX_const(dstr)
4043 * has to be allocated and SvPVX_const(sstr) has to be freed.
4044 * Likewise if we can set up COW rather than doing an actual copy, we
4045 * drop to the else clause, as the swipe code and the COW setup code
4046 * have much in common.
4049 /* Whichever path we take through the next code, we want this true,
4050 and doing it now facilitates the COW check. */
4051 (void)SvPOK_only(dstr);
4054 /* If we're already COW then this clause is not true, and if COW
4055 is allowed then we drop down to the else and make dest COW
4056 with us. If caller hasn't said that we're allowed to COW
4057 shared hash keys then we don't do the COW setup, even if the
4058 source scalar is a shared hash key scalar. */
4059 (((flags & SV_COW_SHARED_HASH_KEYS)
4060 ? (sflags & (SVf_FAKE|SVf_READONLY)) != (SVf_FAKE|SVf_READONLY)
4061 : 1 /* If making a COW copy is forbidden then the behaviour we
4062 desire is as if the source SV isn't actually already
4063 COW, even if it is. So we act as if the source flags
4064 are not COW, rather than actually testing them. */
4066 #ifndef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4067 /* The change that added SV_COW_SHARED_HASH_KEYS makes the logic
4068 when PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE is defined a little wrong.
4069 Conceptually PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE being defined should
4070 override SV_COW_SHARED_HASH_KEYS, because it means "always COW"
4071 but in turn, it's somewhat dead code, never expected to go
4072 live, but more kept as a placeholder on how to do it better
4073 in a newer implementation. */
4074 /* If we are COW and dstr is a suitable target then we drop down
4075 into the else and make dest a COW of us. */
4076 || (SvFLAGS(dstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) != CAN_COW_FLAGS
4081 (sflags & SVs_TEMP) && /* slated for free anyway? */
4082 !(sflags & SVf_OOK) && /* and not involved in OOK hack? */
4083 (!(flags & SV_NOSTEAL)) &&
4084 /* and we're allowed to steal temps */
4085 SvREFCNT(sstr) == 1 && /* and no other references to it? */
4086 SvLEN(sstr)) /* and really is a string */
4087 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4088 && ((flags & SV_COW_SHARED_HASH_KEYS)
4089 ? (!((sflags & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS
4090 && (SvFLAGS(dstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS
4091 && SvTYPE(sstr) >= SVt_PVIV && SvTYPE(sstr) != SVt_PVFM))
4095 /* Failed the swipe test, and it's not a shared hash key either.
4096 Have to copy the string. */
4097 STRLEN len = SvCUR(sstr);
4098 SvGROW(dstr, len + 1); /* inlined from sv_setpvn */
4099 Move(SvPVX_const(sstr),SvPVX(dstr),len,char);
4100 SvCUR_set(dstr, len);
4101 *SvEND(dstr) = '\0';
4103 /* If PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE is not defined, then isSwipe will always
4105 /* Either it's a shared hash key, or it's suitable for
4106 copy-on-write or we can swipe the string. */
4108 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Copy on write: sstr --> dstr\n");
4112 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4114 if ((sflags & (SVf_FAKE | SVf_READONLY))
4115 != (SVf_FAKE | SVf_READONLY)) {
4116 SvREADONLY_on(sstr);
4118 /* Make the source SV into a loop of 1.
4119 (about to become 2) */
4120 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(sstr, sstr);
4124 /* Initial code is common. */
4125 if (SvPVX_const(dstr)) { /* we know that dtype >= SVt_PV */
4130 /* making another shared SV. */
4131 STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sstr);
4132 STRLEN len = SvLEN(sstr);
4133 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4135 assert (SvTYPE(dstr) >= SVt_PVIV);
4136 /* SvIsCOW_normal */
4137 /* splice us in between source and next-after-source. */
4138 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(dstr, SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sstr));
4139 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(sstr, dstr);
4140 SvPV_set(dstr, SvPVX_mutable(sstr));
4144 /* SvIsCOW_shared_hash */
4145 DEBUG_C(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4146 "Copy on write: Sharing hash\n"));
4148 assert (SvTYPE(dstr) >= SVt_PV);
4150 HEK_KEY(share_hek_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sstr)))));
4152 SvLEN_set(dstr, len);
4153 SvCUR_set(dstr, cur);
4154 SvREADONLY_on(dstr);
4158 { /* Passes the swipe test. */
4159 SvPV_set(dstr, SvPVX_mutable(sstr));
4160 SvLEN_set(dstr, SvLEN(sstr));
4161 SvCUR_set(dstr, SvCUR(sstr));
4164 (void)SvOK_off(sstr); /* NOTE: nukes most SvFLAGS on sstr */
4165 SvPV_set(sstr, NULL);
4171 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
4172 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4174 if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
4175 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
4176 /* Must do this otherwise some other overloaded use of 0x80000000
4177 gets confused. I guess SVpbm_VALID */
4178 if (sflags & SVf_IVisUV)
4181 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= sflags & (SVf_IOK|SVp_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_UTF8);
4183 const MAGIC * const smg = SvVSTRING_mg(sstr);
4185 sv_magic(dstr, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_vstring,
4186 smg->mg_ptr, smg->mg_len);
4187 SvRMAGICAL_on(dstr);
4191 else if (sflags & (SVp_IOK|SVp_NOK)) {
4192 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4193 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= sflags & (SVf_IOK|SVp_IOK|SVf_IVisUV|SVf_NOK|SVp_NOK);
4194 if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
4195 /* XXXX Do we want to set IsUV for IV(ROK)? Be extra safe... */
4196 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
4198 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
4199 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
4203 if (isGV_with_GP(sstr)) {
4204 /* This stringification rule for globs is spread in 3 places.
4205 This feels bad. FIXME. */
4206 const U32 wasfake = sflags & SVf_FAKE;
4208 /* FAKE globs can get coerced, so need to turn this off
4209 temporarily if it is on. */
4211 gv_efullname3(dstr, MUTABLE_GV(sstr), "*");
4212 SvFLAGS(sstr) |= wasfake;
4215 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
4217 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
4222 =for apidoc sv_setsv_mg
4224 Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4230 Perl_sv_setsv_mg(pTHX_ SV *const dstr, register SV *const sstr)
4232 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETSV_MG;
4234 sv_setsv(dstr,sstr);
4238 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4240 Perl_sv_setsv_cow(pTHX_ SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
4242 STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sstr);
4243 STRLEN len = SvLEN(sstr);
4244 register char *new_pv;
4246 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETSV_COW;
4249 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Fast copy on write: %p -> %p\n",
4250 (void*)sstr, (void*)dstr);
4257 if (SvTHINKFIRST(dstr))
4258 sv_force_normal_flags(dstr, SV_COW_DROP_PV);
4259 else if (SvPVX_const(dstr))
4260 Safefree(SvPVX_const(dstr));
4264 SvUPGRADE(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
4266 assert (SvPOK(sstr));
4267 assert (SvPOKp(sstr));
4268 assert (!SvIOK(sstr));
4269 assert (!SvIOKp(sstr));
4270 assert (!SvNOK(sstr));
4271 assert (!SvNOKp(sstr));
4273 if (SvIsCOW(sstr)) {
4275 if (SvLEN(sstr) == 0) {
4276 /* source is a COW shared hash key. */
4277 DEBUG_C(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4278 "Fast copy on write: Sharing hash\n"));
4279 new_pv = HEK_KEY(share_hek_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sstr))));
4282 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(dstr, SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sstr));
4284 assert ((SvFLAGS(sstr) & CAN_COW_MASK) == CAN_COW_FLAGS);
4285 SvUPGRADE(sstr, SVt_PVIV);
4286 SvREADONLY_on(sstr);
4288 DEBUG_C(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4289 "Fast copy on write: Converting sstr to COW\n"));
4290 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(dstr, sstr);
4292 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(sstr, dstr);
4293 new_pv = SvPVX_mutable(sstr);
4296 SvPV_set(dstr, new_pv);
4297 SvFLAGS(dstr) = (SVt_PVIV|SVf_POK|SVp_POK|SVf_FAKE|SVf_READONLY);
4300 SvLEN_set(dstr, len);
4301 SvCUR_set(dstr, cur);
4310 =for apidoc sv_setpvn
4312 Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
4313 bytes to be copied. If the C<ptr> argument is NULL the SV will become
4314 undefined. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
4320 Perl_sv_setpvn(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr, register const STRLEN len)
4323 register char *dptr;
4325 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVN;
4327 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
4333 /* len is STRLEN which is unsigned, need to copy to signed */
4336 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_setpvn called with negative strlen");
4338 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4340 dptr = SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4341 Move(ptr,dptr,len,char);
4344 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4349 =for apidoc sv_setpvn_mg
4351 Like C<sv_setpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4357 Perl_sv_setpvn_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr, register const STRLEN len)
4359 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVN_MG;
4361 sv_setpvn(sv,ptr,len);
4366 =for apidoc sv_setpv
4368 Copies a string into an SV. The string must be null-terminated. Does not
4369 handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpv_mg>.
4375 Perl_sv_setpv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr)
4378 register STRLEN len;
4380 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPV;
4382 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
4388 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4390 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4391 Move(ptr,SvPVX(sv),len+1,char);
4393 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4398 =for apidoc sv_setpv_mg
4400 Like C<sv_setpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4406 Perl_sv_setpv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr)
4408 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPV_MG;
4415 =for apidoc sv_usepvn_flags
4417 Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Normally the
4418 string is stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an
4419 outside string. The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated
4420 by C<malloc>. The string length, C<len>, must be supplied. By default
4421 this function will realloc (i.e. move) the memory pointed to by C<ptr>,
4422 so that pointer should not be freed or used by the programmer after
4423 giving it to sv_usepvn, and neither should any pointers from "behind"
4424 that pointer (e.g. ptr + 1) be used.
4426 If C<flags> & SV_SMAGIC is true, will call SvSETMAGIC. If C<flags> &
4427 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL is true, then C<ptr[len]> must be NUL, and the realloc
4428 will be skipped. (i.e. the buffer is actually at least 1 byte longer than
4429 C<len>, and already meets the requirements for storing in C<SvPVX>)
4435 Perl_sv_usepvn_flags(pTHX_ SV *const sv, char *ptr, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
4440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_USEPVN_FLAGS;
4442 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
4443 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4446 if (flags & SV_SMAGIC)
4450 if (SvPVX_const(sv))
4454 if (flags & SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL)
4455 assert(ptr[len] == '\0');
4458 allocate = (flags & SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL)
4460 #ifdef Perl_safesysmalloc_size
4463 PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(len + 1);
4465 if (flags & SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL) {
4466 /* It's long enough - do nothing.
4467 Specfically Perl_newCONSTSUB is relying on this. */
4470 /* Force a move to shake out bugs in callers. */
4471 char *new_ptr = (char*)safemalloc(allocate);
4472 Copy(ptr, new_ptr, len, char);
4473 PoisonFree(ptr,len,char);
4477 ptr = (char*) saferealloc (ptr, allocate);
4480 #ifdef Perl_safesysmalloc_size
4481 SvLEN_set(sv, Perl_safesysmalloc_size(ptr));
4483 SvLEN_set(sv, allocate);
4487 if (!(flags & SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL)) {
4490 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4492 if (flags & SV_SMAGIC)
4496 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4497 /* Need to do this *after* making the SV normal, as we need the buffer
4498 pointer to remain valid until after we've copied it. If we let go too early,
4499 another thread could invalidate it by unsharing last of the same hash key
4500 (which it can do by means other than releasing copy-on-write Svs)
4501 or by changing the other copy-on-write SVs in the loop. */
4503 S_sv_release_COW(pTHX_ register SV *sv, const char *pvx, SV *after)
4505 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_RELEASE_COW;
4507 { /* this SV was SvIsCOW_normal(sv) */
4508 /* we need to find the SV pointing to us. */
4509 SV *current = SV_COW_NEXT_SV(after);
4511 if (current == sv) {
4512 /* The SV we point to points back to us (there were only two of us
4514 Hence other SV is no longer copy on write either. */
4516 SvREADONLY_off(after);
4518 /* We need to follow the pointers around the loop. */
4520 while ((next = SV_COW_NEXT_SV(current)) != sv) {
4523 /* don't loop forever if the structure is bust, and we have
4524 a pointer into a closed loop. */
4525 assert (current != after);
4526 assert (SvPVX_const(current) == pvx);
4528 /* Make the SV before us point to the SV after us. */
4529 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(current, after);
4535 =for apidoc sv_force_normal_flags
4537 Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
4538 a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
4539 an xpvmg; if we're a copy-on-write scalar, this is the on-write time when
4540 we do the copy, and is also used locally. If C<SV_COW_DROP_PV> is set
4541 then a copy-on-write scalar drops its PV buffer (if any) and becomes
4542 SvPOK_off rather than making a copy. (Used where this scalar is about to be
4543 set to some other value.) In addition, the C<flags> parameter gets passed to
4544 C<sv_unref_flags()> when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function
4545 with flags set to 0.
4551 Perl_sv_force_normal_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, const U32 flags)
4555 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_FORCE_NORMAL_FLAGS;
4557 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
4558 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
4560 const char * const pvx = SvPVX_const(sv);
4561 const STRLEN len = SvLEN(sv);
4562 const STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sv);
4563 /* next COW sv in the loop. If len is 0 then this is a shared-hash
4564 key scalar, so we mustn't attempt to call SV_COW_NEXT_SV(), as
4565 we'll fail an assertion. */
4566 SV * const next = len ? SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sv) : 0;
4569 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4570 "Copy on write: Force normal %ld\n",
4576 /* This SV doesn't own the buffer, so need to Newx() a new one: */
4579 if (flags & SV_COW_DROP_PV) {
4580 /* OK, so we don't need to copy our buffer. */
4583 SvGROW(sv, cur + 1);
4584 Move(pvx,SvPVX(sv),cur,char);
4589 sv_release_COW(sv, pvx, next);
4591 unshare_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(pvx));
4597 else if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME)
4598 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
4601 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
4603 const char * const pvx = SvPVX_const(sv);
4604 const STRLEN len = SvCUR(sv);
4609 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4610 Move(pvx,SvPVX(sv),len,char);
4612 unshare_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(pvx));
4614 else if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME)
4615 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
4619 sv_unref_flags(sv, flags);
4620 else if (SvFAKE(sv) && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV)
4622 else if (SvFAKE(sv) && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_REGEXP) {
4623 /* Need to downgrade the REGEXP to a simple(r) scalar. This is analagous
4624 to sv_unglob. We only need it here, so inline it. */
4625 const svtype new_type = SvMAGIC(sv) || SvSTASH(sv) ? SVt_PVMG : SVt_PV;
4626 SV *const temp = newSV_type(new_type);
4627 void *const temp_p = SvANY(sv);
4629 if (new_type == SVt_PVMG) {
4630 SvMAGIC_set(temp, SvMAGIC(sv));
4631 SvMAGIC_set(sv, NULL);
4632 SvSTASH_set(temp, SvSTASH(sv));
4633 SvSTASH_set(sv, NULL);
4635 SvCUR_set(temp, SvCUR(sv));
4636 /* Remember that SvPVX is in the head, not the body. */
4638 SvLEN_set(temp, SvLEN(sv));
4639 /* This signals "buffer is owned by someone else" in sv_clear,
4640 which is the least effort way to stop it freeing the buffer.
4642 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv)+1);
4644 /* Their buffer is already owned by someone else. */
4645 SvPVX(sv) = savepvn(SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv));
4646 SvLEN_set(temp, SvCUR(sv)+1);
4649 /* Now swap the rest of the bodies. */
4651 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_FAKE|SVTYPEMASK);
4652 SvFLAGS(sv) |= new_type;
4653 SvANY(sv) = SvANY(temp);
4655 SvFLAGS(temp) &= ~(SVTYPEMASK);
4656 SvFLAGS(temp) |= SVt_REGEXP|SVf_FAKE;
4657 SvANY(temp) = temp_p;
4666 Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
4667 SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
4668 the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
4669 string. Uses the "OOK hack".
4670 Beware: after this function returns, C<ptr> and SvPVX_const(sv) may no longer
4671 refer to the same chunk of data.
4677 Perl_sv_chop(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr)
4683 const U8 *real_start;
4687 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CHOP;
4689 if (!ptr || !SvPOKp(sv))
4691 delta = ptr - SvPVX_const(sv);
4693 /* Nothing to do. */
4696 /* SvPVX(sv) may move in SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv), but after this line,
4697 nothing uses the value of ptr any more. */
4698 max_delta = SvLEN(sv) ? SvLEN(sv) : SvCUR(sv);
4699 if (ptr <= SvPVX_const(sv))
4700 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_chop ptr=%p, start=%p, end=%p",
4701 ptr, SvPVX_const(sv), SvPVX_const(sv) + max_delta);
4702 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv);
4703 if (delta > max_delta)
4704 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_chop ptr=%p (was %p), start=%p, end=%p",
4705 SvPVX_const(sv) + delta, ptr, SvPVX_const(sv),
4706 SvPVX_const(sv) + max_delta);
4709 if (!SvLEN(sv)) { /* make copy of shared string */
4710 const char *pvx = SvPVX_const(sv);
4711 const STRLEN len = SvCUR(sv);
4712 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4713 Move(pvx,SvPVX(sv),len,char);
4716 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_OOK;
4719 SvOOK_offset(sv, old_delta);
4721 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv) - delta);
4722 SvCUR_set(sv, SvCUR(sv) - delta);
4723 SvPV_set(sv, SvPVX(sv) + delta);
4725 p = (U8 *)SvPVX_const(sv);
4730 real_start = p - delta;
4734 if (delta < 0x100) {
4738 p -= sizeof(STRLEN);
4739 Copy((U8*)&delta, p, sizeof(STRLEN), U8);
4743 /* Fill the preceding buffer with sentinals to verify that no-one is
4745 while (p > real_start) {
4753 =for apidoc sv_catpvn
4755 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
4756 C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF-8
4757 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF-8.
4758 Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
4760 =for apidoc sv_catpvn_flags
4762 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
4763 C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF-8
4764 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF-8.
4765 If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<dsv> if
4766 appropriate, else not. C<sv_catpvn> and C<sv_catpvn_nomg> are implemented
4767 in terms of this function.
4773 Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(pTHX_ register SV *const dsv, register const char *sstr, register const STRLEN slen, const I32 flags)
4777 const char * const dstr = SvPV_force_flags(dsv, dlen, flags);
4779 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVN_FLAGS;
4781 SvGROW(dsv, dlen + slen + 1);
4783 sstr = SvPVX_const(dsv);
4784 Move(sstr, SvPVX(dsv) + dlen, slen, char);
4785 SvCUR_set(dsv, SvCUR(dsv) + slen);
4787 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(dsv); /* validate pointer */
4789 if (flags & SV_SMAGIC)
4794 =for apidoc sv_catsv
4796 Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
4797 SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. Handles 'get' magic, but
4798 not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catsv_mg>.
4800 =for apidoc sv_catsv_flags
4802 Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
4803 SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC>
4804 bit set, will C<mg_get> on the SVs if appropriate, else not. C<sv_catsv>
4805 and C<sv_catsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
4810 Perl_sv_catsv_flags(pTHX_ SV *const dsv, register SV *const ssv, const I32 flags)
4814 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATSV_FLAGS;
4818 const char *spv = SvPV_const(ssv, slen);
4820 /* sutf8 and dutf8 were type bool, but under USE_ITHREADS,
4821 gcc version 2.95.2 20000220 (Debian GNU/Linux) for
4822 Linux xxx 2.2.17 on sparc64 with gcc -O2, we erroneously
4823 get dutf8 = 0x20000000, (i.e. SVf_UTF8) even though
4824 dsv->sv_flags doesn't have that bit set.
4825 Andy Dougherty 12 Oct 2001
4827 const I32 sutf8 = DO_UTF8(ssv);
4830 if (SvGMAGICAL(dsv) && (flags & SV_GMAGIC))
4832 dutf8 = DO_UTF8(dsv);
4834 if (dutf8 != sutf8) {
4836 /* Not modifying source SV, so taking a temporary copy. */
4837 SV* const csv = newSVpvn_flags(spv, slen, SVs_TEMP);
4839 sv_utf8_upgrade(csv);
4840 spv = SvPV_const(csv, slen);
4843 /* Leave enough space for the cat that's about to happen */
4844 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(dsv, 0, slen);
4846 sv_catpvn_nomg(dsv, spv, slen);
4849 if (flags & SV_SMAGIC)
4854 =for apidoc sv_catpv
4856 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
4857 If the SV has the UTF-8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
4858 valid UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
4863 Perl_sv_catpv(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *ptr)
4866 register STRLEN len;
4870 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPV;
4874 junk = SvPV_force(sv, tlen);
4876 SvGROW(sv, tlen + len + 1);
4878 ptr = SvPVX_const(sv);
4879 Move(ptr,SvPVX(sv)+tlen,len+1,char);
4880 SvCUR_set(sv, SvCUR(sv) + len);
4881 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4886 =for apidoc sv_catpv_mg
4888 Like C<sv_catpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4894 Perl_sv_catpv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register const char *const ptr)
4896 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPV_MG;
4905 Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
4906 bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
4907 trailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
4908 space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
4910 In 5.9.3, newSV() replaces the older NEWSV() API, and drops the first
4911 parameter, I<x>, a debug aid which allowed callers to identify themselves.
4912 This aid has been superseded by a new build option, PERL_MEM_LOG (see
4913 L<perlhack/PERL_MEM_LOG>). The older API is still there for use in XS
4914 modules supporting older perls.
4920 Perl_newSV(pTHX_ const STRLEN len)
4927 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
4928 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4933 =for apidoc sv_magicext
4935 Adds magic to an SV, upgrading it if necessary. Applies the
4936 supplied vtable and returns a pointer to the magic added.
4938 Note that C<sv_magicext> will allow things that C<sv_magic> will not.
4939 In particular, you can add magic to SvREADONLY SVs, and add more than
4940 one instance of the same 'how'.
4942 If C<namlen> is greater than zero then a C<savepvn> I<copy> of C<name> is
4943 stored, if C<namlen> is zero then C<name> is stored as-is and - as another
4944 special case - if C<(name && namlen == HEf_SVKEY)> then C<name> is assumed
4945 to contain an C<SV*> and is stored as-is with its REFCNT incremented.
4947 (This is now used as a subroutine by C<sv_magic>.)
4952 Perl_sv_magicext(pTHX_ SV *const sv, SV *const obj, const int how,
4953 const MGVTBL *const vtable, const char *const name, const I32 namlen)
4958 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_MAGICEXT;
4960 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVMG);
4961 Newxz(mg, 1, MAGIC);
4962 mg->mg_moremagic = SvMAGIC(sv);
4963 SvMAGIC_set(sv, mg);
4965 /* Sometimes a magic contains a reference loop, where the sv and
4966 object refer to each other. To prevent a reference loop that
4967 would prevent such objects being freed, we look for such loops
4968 and if we find one we avoid incrementing the object refcount.
4970 Note we cannot do this to avoid self-tie loops as intervening RV must
4971 have its REFCNT incremented to keep it in existence.
4974 if (!obj || obj == sv ||
4975 how == PERL_MAGIC_arylen ||
4976 how == PERL_MAGIC_symtab ||
4977 (SvTYPE(obj) == SVt_PVGV &&
4978 (GvSV(obj) == sv || GvHV(obj) == (const HV *)sv
4979 || GvAV(obj) == (const AV *)sv || GvCV(obj) == (const CV *)sv
4980 || GvIOp(obj) == (const IO *)sv || GvFORM(obj) == (const CV *)sv)))
4985 mg->mg_obj = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(obj);
4986 mg->mg_flags |= MGf_REFCOUNTED;
4989 /* Normal self-ties simply pass a null object, and instead of
4990 using mg_obj directly, use the SvTIED_obj macro to produce a
4991 new RV as needed. For glob "self-ties", we are tieing the PVIO
4992 with an RV obj pointing to the glob containing the PVIO. In
4993 this case, to avoid a reference loop, we need to weaken the
4997 if (how == PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO &&
4998 obj && SvROK(obj) && GvIO(SvRV(obj)) == (const IO *)sv)
5004 mg->mg_len = namlen;
5007 mg->mg_ptr = savepvn(name, namlen);
5008 else if (namlen == HEf_SVKEY) {
5009 /* Yes, this is casting away const. This is only for the case of
5010 HEf_SVKEY. I think we need to document this abberation of the
5011 constness of the API, rather than making name non-const, as
5012 that change propagating outwards a long way. */
5013 mg->mg_ptr = (char*)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN((SV *)name);
5015 mg->mg_ptr = (char *) name;
5017 mg->mg_virtual = (MGVTBL *) vtable;
5021 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVf_POK);
5026 =for apidoc sv_magic
5028 Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if necessary,
5029 then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the magic list.
5031 See C<sv_magicext> (which C<sv_magic> now calls) for a description of the
5032 handling of the C<name> and C<namlen> arguments.
5034 You need to use C<sv_magicext> to add magic to SvREADONLY SVs and also
5035 to add more than one instance of the same 'how'.
5041 Perl_sv_magic(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, SV *const obj, const int how,
5042 const char *const name, const I32 namlen)
5045 const MGVTBL *vtable;
5048 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_MAGIC;
5050 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
5052 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
5054 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
5056 /* its okay to attach magic to shared strings; the subsequent
5057 * upgrade to PVMG will unshare the string */
5058 !(SvFAKE(sv) && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG)
5061 && how != PERL_MAGIC_regex_global
5062 && how != PERL_MAGIC_bm
5063 && how != PERL_MAGIC_fm
5064 && how != PERL_MAGIC_sv
5065 && how != PERL_MAGIC_backref
5068 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
5071 if (SvMAGICAL(sv) || (how == PERL_MAGIC_taint && SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG)) {
5072 if (SvMAGIC(sv) && (mg = mg_find(sv, how))) {
5073 /* sv_magic() refuses to add a magic of the same 'how' as an
5076 if (how == PERL_MAGIC_taint) {
5078 /* Any scalar which already had taint magic on which someone
5079 (erroneously?) did SvIOK_on() or similar will now be
5080 incorrectly sporting public "OK" flags. */
5081 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVf_POK);
5089 vtable = &PL_vtbl_sv;
5091 case PERL_MAGIC_overload:
5092 vtable = &PL_vtbl_amagic;
5094 case PERL_MAGIC_overload_elem:
5095 vtable = &PL_vtbl_amagicelem;
5097 case PERL_MAGIC_overload_table:
5098 vtable = &PL_vtbl_ovrld;
5101 vtable = &PL_vtbl_bm;
5103 case PERL_MAGIC_regdata:
5104 vtable = &PL_vtbl_regdata;
5106 case PERL_MAGIC_regdatum:
5107 vtable = &PL_vtbl_regdatum;
5109 case PERL_MAGIC_env:
5110 vtable = &PL_vtbl_env;
5113 vtable = &PL_vtbl_fm;
5115 case PERL_MAGIC_envelem:
5116 vtable = &PL_vtbl_envelem;
5118 case PERL_MAGIC_regex_global:
5119 vtable = &PL_vtbl_mglob;
5121 case PERL_MAGIC_isa:
5122 vtable = &PL_vtbl_isa;
5124 case PERL_MAGIC_isaelem:
5125 vtable = &PL_vtbl_isaelem;
5127 case PERL_MAGIC_nkeys:
5128 vtable = &PL_vtbl_nkeys;
5130 case PERL_MAGIC_dbfile:
5133 case PERL_MAGIC_dbline:
5134 vtable = &PL_vtbl_dbline;
5136 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
5137 case PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm:
5138 vtable = &PL_vtbl_collxfrm;
5140 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
5141 case PERL_MAGIC_tied:
5142 vtable = &PL_vtbl_pack;
5144 case PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem:
5145 case PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar:
5146 vtable = &PL_vtbl_packelem;
5149 vtable = &PL_vtbl_regexp;
5151 case PERL_MAGIC_sig:
5152 vtable = &PL_vtbl_sig;
5154 case PERL_MAGIC_sigelem:
5155 vtable = &PL_vtbl_sigelem;
5157 case PERL_MAGIC_taint:
5158 vtable = &PL_vtbl_taint;
5160 case PERL_MAGIC_uvar:
5161 vtable = &PL_vtbl_uvar;
5163 case PERL_MAGIC_vec:
5164 vtable = &PL_vtbl_vec;
5166 case PERL_MAGIC_arylen_p:
5167 case PERL_MAGIC_rhash:
5168 case PERL_MAGIC_symtab:
5169 case PERL_MAGIC_vstring:
5172 case PERL_MAGIC_utf8:
5173 vtable = &PL_vtbl_utf8;
5175 case PERL_MAGIC_substr:
5176 vtable = &PL_vtbl_substr;
5178 case PERL_MAGIC_defelem:
5179 vtable = &PL_vtbl_defelem;
5181 case PERL_MAGIC_arylen:
5182 vtable = &PL_vtbl_arylen;
5184 case PERL_MAGIC_pos:
5185 vtable = &PL_vtbl_pos;
5187 case PERL_MAGIC_backref:
5188 vtable = &PL_vtbl_backref;
5190 case PERL_MAGIC_hintselem:
5191 vtable = &PL_vtbl_hintselem;
5193 case PERL_MAGIC_hints:
5194 vtable = &PL_vtbl_hints;
5196 case PERL_MAGIC_ext:
5197 /* Reserved for use by extensions not perl internals. */
5198 /* Useful for attaching extension internal data to perl vars. */
5199 /* Note that multiple extensions may clash if magical scalars */
5200 /* etc holding private data from one are passed to another. */
5204 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Don't know how to handle magic of type \\%o", how);
5207 /* Rest of work is done else where */
5208 mg = sv_magicext(sv,obj,how,vtable,name,namlen);
5211 case PERL_MAGIC_taint:
5214 case PERL_MAGIC_ext:
5215 case PERL_MAGIC_dbfile:
5222 =for apidoc sv_unmagic
5224 Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
5230 Perl_sv_unmagic(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const int type)
5235 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UNMAGIC;
5237 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG || !SvMAGIC(sv))
5239 mgp = &(((XPVMG*) SvANY(sv))->xmg_u.xmg_magic);
5240 for (mg = *mgp; mg; mg = *mgp) {
5241 if (mg->mg_type == type) {
5242 const MGVTBL* const vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
5243 *mgp = mg->mg_moremagic;
5244 if (vtbl && vtbl->svt_free)
5245 CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_free)(aTHX_ sv, mg);
5246 if (mg->mg_ptr && mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_regex_global) {
5248 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
5249 else if (mg->mg_len == HEf_SVKEY)
5250 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(mg->mg_ptr));
5251 else if (mg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_utf8)
5252 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
5254 if (mg->mg_flags & MGf_REFCOUNTED)
5255 SvREFCNT_dec(mg->mg_obj);
5259 mgp = &mg->mg_moremagic;
5262 if (SvMAGICAL(sv)) /* if we're under save_magic, wait for restore_magic; */
5263 mg_magical(sv); /* else fix the flags now */
5267 SvFLAGS(sv) |= (SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVp_IOK|SVp_NOK|SVp_POK)) >> PRIVSHIFT;
5273 =for apidoc sv_rvweaken
5275 Weaken a reference: set the C<SvWEAKREF> flag on this RV; give the
5276 referred-to SV C<PERL_MAGIC_backref> magic if it hasn't already; and
5277 push a back-reference to this RV onto the array of backreferences
5278 associated with that magic. If the RV is magical, set magic will be
5279 called after the RV is cleared.
5285 Perl_sv_rvweaken(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
5289 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_RVWEAKEN;
5291 if (!SvOK(sv)) /* let undefs pass */
5294 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't weaken a nonreference");
5295 else if (SvWEAKREF(sv)) {
5296 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Reference is already weak");
5300 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ tsv, sv);
5306 /* Give tsv backref magic if it hasn't already got it, then push a
5307 * back-reference to sv onto the array associated with the backref magic.
5310 /* A discussion about the backreferences array and its refcount:
5312 * The AV holding the backreferences is pointed to either as the mg_obj of
5313 * PERL_MAGIC_backref, or in the specific case of a HV that has the hv_aux
5314 * structure, from the xhv_backreferences field. (A HV without hv_aux will
5315 * have the standard magic instead.) The array is created with a refcount
5316 * of 2. This means that if during global destruction the array gets
5317 * picked on first to have its refcount decremented by the random zapper,
5318 * it won't actually be freed, meaning it's still theere for when its
5319 * parent gets freed.
5320 * When the parent SV is freed, in the case of magic, the magic is freed,
5321 * Perl_magic_killbackrefs is called which decrements one refcount, then
5322 * mg_obj is freed which kills the second count.
5323 * In the vase of a HV being freed, one ref is removed by
5324 * Perl_hv_kill_backrefs, the other by Perl_sv_kill_backrefs, which it
5329 Perl_sv_add_backref(pTHX_ SV *const tsv, SV *const sv)
5334 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_ADD_BACKREF;
5336 if (SvTYPE(tsv) == SVt_PVHV) {
5337 AV **const avp = Perl_hv_backreferences_p(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(tsv));
5341 /* There is no AV in the offical place - try a fixup. */
5342 MAGIC *const mg = mg_find(tsv, PERL_MAGIC_backref);
5345 /* Aha. They've got it stowed in magic. Bring it back. */
5346 av = MUTABLE_AV(mg->mg_obj);
5347 /* Stop mg_free decreasing the refernce count. */
5349 /* Stop mg_free even calling the destructor, given that
5350 there's no AV to free up. */
5352 sv_unmagic(tsv, PERL_MAGIC_backref);
5356 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(av); /* see discussion above */
5361 const MAGIC *const mg
5362 = SvMAGICAL(tsv) ? mg_find(tsv, PERL_MAGIC_backref) : NULL;
5364 av = MUTABLE_AV(mg->mg_obj);
5368 sv_magic(tsv, MUTABLE_SV(av), PERL_MAGIC_backref, NULL, 0);
5369 /* av now has a refcnt of 2; see discussion above */
5372 if (AvFILLp(av) >= AvMAX(av)) {
5373 av_extend(av, AvFILLp(av)+1);
5375 AvARRAY(av)[++AvFILLp(av)] = sv; /* av_push() */
5378 /* delete a back-reference to ourselves from the backref magic associated
5379 * with the SV we point to.
5383 S_sv_del_backref(pTHX_ SV *const tsv, SV *const sv)
5390 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DEL_BACKREF;
5392 if (SvTYPE(tsv) == SVt_PVHV && SvOOK(tsv)) {
5393 av = *Perl_hv_backreferences_p(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(tsv));
5394 /* We mustn't attempt to "fix up" the hash here by moving the
5395 backreference array back to the hv_aux structure, as that is stored
5396 in the main HvARRAY(), and hfreentries assumes that no-one
5397 reallocates HvARRAY() while it is running. */
5400 const MAGIC *const mg
5401 = SvMAGICAL(tsv) ? mg_find(tsv, PERL_MAGIC_backref) : NULL;
5403 av = MUTABLE_AV(mg->mg_obj);
5407 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: del_backref");
5409 assert(!SvIS_FREED(av));
5412 /* We shouldn't be in here more than once, but for paranoia reasons lets
5414 for (i = AvFILLp(av); i >= 0; i--) {
5416 const SSize_t fill = AvFILLp(av);
5418 /* We weren't the last entry.
5419 An unordered list has this property that you can take the
5420 last element off the end to fill the hole, and it's still
5421 an unordered list :-)
5426 AvFILLp(av) = fill - 1;
5432 Perl_sv_kill_backrefs(pTHX_ SV *const sv, AV *const av)
5434 SV **svp = AvARRAY(av);
5436 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_KILL_BACKREFS;
5437 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
5439 assert(!svp || !SvIS_FREED(av));
5441 SV *const *const last = svp + AvFILLp(av);
5443 while (svp <= last) {
5445 SV *const referrer = *svp;
5446 if (SvWEAKREF(referrer)) {
5447 /* XXX Should we check that it hasn't changed? */
5448 SvRV_set(referrer, 0);
5450 SvWEAKREF_off(referrer);
5451 SvSETMAGIC(referrer);
5452 } else if (SvTYPE(referrer) == SVt_PVGV ||
5453 SvTYPE(referrer) == SVt_PVLV) {
5454 /* You lookin' at me? */
5455 assert(GvSTASH(referrer));
5456 assert(GvSTASH(referrer) == (const HV *)sv);
5457 GvSTASH(referrer) = 0;
5460 "panic: magic_killbackrefs (flags=%"UVxf")",
5461 (UV)SvFLAGS(referrer));
5469 SvREFCNT_dec(av); /* remove extra count added by sv_add_backref() */
5474 =for apidoc sv_insert
5476 Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
5477 the Perl substr() function. Handles get magic.
5479 =for apidoc sv_insert_flags
5481 Same as C<sv_insert>, but the extra C<flags> are passed the C<SvPV_force_flags> that applies to C<bigstr>.
5487 Perl_sv_insert_flags(pTHX_ SV *const bigstr, const STRLEN offset, const STRLEN len, const char *const little, const STRLEN littlelen, const U32 flags)
5492 register char *midend;
5493 register char *bigend;
5497 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_INSERT_FLAGS;
5500 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't modify non-existent substring");
5501 SvPV_force_flags(bigstr, curlen, flags);
5502 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(bigstr);
5503 if (offset + len > curlen) {
5504 SvGROW(bigstr, offset+len+1);
5505 Zero(SvPVX(bigstr)+curlen, offset+len-curlen, char);
5506 SvCUR_set(bigstr, offset+len);
5510 i = littlelen - len;
5511 if (i > 0) { /* string might grow */
5512 big = SvGROW(bigstr, SvCUR(bigstr) + i + 1);
5513 mid = big + offset + len;
5514 midend = bigend = big + SvCUR(bigstr);
5517 while (midend > mid) /* shove everything down */
5518 *--bigend = *--midend;
5519 Move(little,big+offset,littlelen,char);
5520 SvCUR_set(bigstr, SvCUR(bigstr) + i);
5525 Move(little,SvPVX(bigstr)+offset,len,char);
5530 big = SvPVX(bigstr);
5533 bigend = big + SvCUR(bigstr);
5535 if (midend > bigend)
5536 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_insert");
5538 if (mid - big > bigend - midend) { /* faster to shorten from end */
5540 Move(little, mid, littlelen,char);
5543 i = bigend - midend;
5545 Move(midend, mid, i,char);
5549 SvCUR_set(bigstr, mid - big);
5551 else if ((i = mid - big)) { /* faster from front */
5552 midend -= littlelen;
5554 Move(big, midend - i, i, char);
5555 sv_chop(bigstr,midend-i);
5557 Move(little, mid, littlelen,char);
5559 else if (littlelen) {
5560 midend -= littlelen;
5561 sv_chop(bigstr,midend);
5562 Move(little,midend,littlelen,char);
5565 sv_chop(bigstr,midend);
5571 =for apidoc sv_replace
5573 Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
5574 The target SV physically takes over ownership of the body of the source SV
5575 and inherits its flags; however, the target keeps any magic it owns,
5576 and any magic in the source is discarded.
5577 Note that this is a rather specialist SV copying operation; most of the
5578 time you'll want to use C<sv_setsv> or one of its many macro front-ends.
5584 Perl_sv_replace(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register SV *const nsv)
5587 const U32 refcnt = SvREFCNT(sv);
5589 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_REPLACE;
5591 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(sv);
5592 if (SvREFCNT(nsv) != 1) {
5593 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace()"
5594 " (%" UVuf " != 1)", (UV) SvREFCNT(nsv));
5596 if (SvMAGICAL(sv)) {
5600 sv_upgrade(nsv, SVt_PVMG);
5601 SvMAGIC_set(nsv, SvMAGIC(sv));
5602 SvFLAGS(nsv) |= SvMAGICAL(sv);
5604 SvMAGIC_set(sv, NULL);
5608 assert(!SvREFCNT(sv));
5609 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
5610 sv->sv_flags = nsv->sv_flags;
5611 sv->sv_any = nsv->sv_any;
5612 sv->sv_refcnt = nsv->sv_refcnt;
5613 sv->sv_u = nsv->sv_u;
5615 StructCopy(nsv,sv,SV);
5617 if(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_IV) {
5619 = (XPVIV*)((char*)&(sv->sv_u.svu_iv) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
5623 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
5624 if (SvIsCOW_normal(nsv)) {
5625 /* We need to follow the pointers around the loop to make the
5626 previous SV point to sv, rather than nsv. */
5629 while ((next = SV_COW_NEXT_SV(current)) != nsv) {
5632 assert(SvPVX_const(current) == SvPVX_const(nsv));
5634 /* Make the SV before us point to the SV after us. */
5636 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "previous is\n");
5638 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
5639 "move it from 0x%"UVxf" to 0x%"UVxf"\n",
5640 (UV) SV_COW_NEXT_SV(current), (UV) sv);
5642 SV_COW_NEXT_SV_SET(current, sv);
5645 SvREFCNT(sv) = refcnt;
5646 SvFLAGS(nsv) |= SVTYPEMASK; /* Mark as freed */
5652 =for apidoc sv_clear
5654 Clear an SV: call any destructors, free up any memory used by the body,
5655 and free the body itself. The SV's head is I<not> freed, although
5656 its type is set to all 1's so that it won't inadvertently be assumed
5657 to be live during global destruction etc.
5658 This function should only be called when REFCNT is zero. Most of the time
5659 you'll want to call C<sv_free()> (or its macro wrapper C<SvREFCNT_dec>)
5666 Perl_sv_clear(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
5669 const U32 type = SvTYPE(sv);
5670 const struct body_details *const sv_type_details
5671 = bodies_by_type + type;
5674 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CLEAR;
5675 assert(SvREFCNT(sv) == 0);
5676 assert(SvTYPE(sv) != SVTYPEMASK);
5678 if (type <= SVt_IV) {
5679 /* See the comment in sv.h about the collusion between this early
5680 return and the overloading of the NULL slots in the size table. */
5683 SvFLAGS(sv) &= SVf_BREAK;
5684 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVTYPEMASK;
5689 if (PL_defstash && /* Still have a symbol table? */
5696 stash = SvSTASH(sv);
5697 destructor = StashHANDLER(stash,DESTROY);
5699 /* A constant subroutine can have no side effects, so
5700 don't bother calling it. */
5701 && !CvCONST(destructor)
5702 /* Don't bother calling an empty destructor */
5703 && (CvISXSUB(destructor)
5704 || (CvSTART(destructor)
5705 && (CvSTART(destructor)->op_next->op_type != OP_LEAVESUB))))
5707 SV* const tmpref = newRV(sv);
5708 SvREADONLY_on(tmpref); /* DESTROY() could be naughty */
5710 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_DESTROY);
5715 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(destructor), G_DISCARD|G_EVAL|G_KEEPERR|G_VOID);
5721 if(SvREFCNT(tmpref) < 2) {
5722 /* tmpref is not kept alive! */
5724 SvRV_set(tmpref, NULL);
5727 SvREFCNT_dec(tmpref);
5729 } while (SvOBJECT(sv) && SvSTASH(sv) != stash);
5733 if (PL_in_clean_objs)
5734 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'",
5736 /* DESTROY gave object new lease on life */
5742 SvREFCNT_dec(SvSTASH(sv)); /* possibly of changed persuasion */
5743 SvOBJECT_off(sv); /* Curse the object. */
5744 if (type != SVt_PVIO)
5745 --PL_sv_objcount; /* XXX Might want something more general */
5748 if (type >= SVt_PVMG) {
5749 if (type == SVt_PVMG && SvPAD_OUR(sv)) {
5750 SvREFCNT_dec(SvOURSTASH(sv));
5751 } else if (SvMAGIC(sv))
5753 if (type == SVt_PVMG && SvPAD_TYPED(sv))
5754 SvREFCNT_dec(SvSTASH(sv));
5757 /* case SVt_BIND: */
5760 IoIFP(sv) != PerlIO_stdin() &&
5761 IoIFP(sv) != PerlIO_stdout() &&
5762 IoIFP(sv) != PerlIO_stderr() &&
5763 !(IoFLAGS(sv) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
5765 io_close(MUTABLE_IO(sv), FALSE);
5767 if (IoDIRP(sv) && !(IoFLAGS(sv) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
5768 PerlDir_close(IoDIRP(sv));
5769 IoDIRP(sv) = (DIR*)NULL;
5770 Safefree(IoTOP_NAME(sv));
5771 Safefree(IoFMT_NAME(sv));
5772 Safefree(IoBOTTOM_NAME(sv));
5775 /* FIXME for plugins */
5776 pregfree2((REGEXP*) sv);
5780 cv_undef(MUTABLE_CV(sv));
5783 if (PL_last_swash_hv == (const HV *)sv) {
5784 PL_last_swash_hv = NULL;
5786 Perl_hv_kill_backrefs(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(sv));
5787 hv_undef(MUTABLE_HV(sv));
5790 if (PL_comppad == MUTABLE_AV(sv)) {
5794 av_undef(MUTABLE_AV(sv));
5797 if (LvTYPE(sv) == 'T') { /* for tie: return HE to pool */
5798 SvREFCNT_dec(HeKEY_sv((HE*)LvTARG(sv)));
5799 HeNEXT((HE*)LvTARG(sv)) = PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh;
5800 PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh = (HE*)LvTARG(sv);
5802 else if (LvTYPE(sv) != 't') /* unless tie: unrefcnted fake SV** */
5803 SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(sv));
5805 if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
5806 if(GvCVu((const GV *)sv) && (stash = GvSTASH(MUTABLE_GV(sv)))
5807 && HvNAME_get(stash))
5808 mro_method_changed_in(stash);
5809 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
5811 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(sv));
5812 /* If we're in a stash, we don't own a reference to it. However it does
5813 have a back reference to us, which needs to be cleared. */
5814 if (!SvVALID(sv) && (stash = GvSTASH(sv)))
5815 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(stash), sv);
5817 /* FIXME. There are probably more unreferenced pointers to SVs in the
5818 interpreter struct that we should check and tidy in a similar
5820 if ((const GV *)sv == PL_last_in_gv)
5821 PL_last_in_gv = NULL;
5827 /* Don't bother with SvOOK_off(sv); as we're only going to free it. */
5830 SvOOK_offset(sv, offset);
5831 SvPV_set(sv, SvPVX_mutable(sv) - offset);
5832 /* Don't even bother with turning off the OOK flag. */
5837 SV * const target = SvRV(sv);
5839 sv_del_backref(target, sv);
5841 SvREFCNT_dec(target);
5844 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
5845 else if (SvPVX_const(sv)
5846 && !(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO && !(IoFLAGS(sv) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))) {
5849 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Copy on write: clear\n");
5853 sv_release_COW(sv, SvPVX_const(sv), SV_COW_NEXT_SV(sv));
5855 unshare_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sv)));
5859 } else if (SvLEN(sv)) {
5860 Safefree(SvPVX_const(sv));
5864 else if (SvPVX_const(sv) && SvLEN(sv)
5865 && !(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO && !(IoFLAGS(sv) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP)))
5866 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(sv));
5867 else if (SvPVX_const(sv) && SvREADONLY(sv) && SvFAKE(sv)) {
5868 unshare_hek(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sv)));
5877 SvFLAGS(sv) &= SVf_BREAK;
5878 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVTYPEMASK;
5880 if (sv_type_details->arena) {
5881 del_body(((char *)SvANY(sv) + sv_type_details->offset),
5882 &PL_body_roots[type]);
5884 else if (sv_type_details->body_size) {
5885 my_safefree(SvANY(sv));
5890 =for apidoc sv_newref
5892 Increment an SV's reference count. Use the C<SvREFCNT_inc()> wrapper
5899 Perl_sv_newref(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
5901 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
5910 Decrement an SV's reference count, and if it drops to zero, call
5911 C<sv_clear> to invoke destructors and free up any memory used by
5912 the body; finally, deallocate the SV's head itself.
5913 Normally called via a wrapper macro C<SvREFCNT_dec>.
5919 Perl_sv_free(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
5924 if (SvREFCNT(sv) == 0) {
5925 if (SvFLAGS(sv) & SVf_BREAK)
5926 /* this SV's refcnt has been artificially decremented to
5927 * trigger cleanup */
5929 if (PL_in_clean_all) /* All is fair */
5931 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvIMMORTAL(sv)) {
5932 /* make sure SvREFCNT(sv)==0 happens very seldom */
5933 SvREFCNT(sv) = (~(U32)0)/2;
5936 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL)) {
5937 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS_FORK_DUMP
5938 Perl_dump_sv_child(aTHX_ sv);
5940 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
5943 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS_ABORT
5944 if (PL_warnhook == PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL
5945 || ckDEAD(packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL))) {
5946 /* Don't let Perl_warner cause us to escape our fate: */
5950 /* This may not return: */
5951 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
5952 "Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%"UVxf
5953 pTHX__FORMAT, PTR2UV(sv) pTHX__VALUE);
5956 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS_ABORT
5961 if (--(SvREFCNT(sv)) > 0)
5963 Perl_sv_free2(aTHX_ sv);
5967 Perl_sv_free2(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
5971 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_FREE2;
5975 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING),
5976 "Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%"UVxf
5977 pTHX__FORMAT, PTR2UV(sv) pTHX__VALUE);
5981 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvIMMORTAL(sv)) {
5982 /* make sure SvREFCNT(sv)==0 happens very seldom */
5983 SvREFCNT(sv) = (~(U32)0)/2;
5994 Returns the length of the string in the SV. Handles magic and type
5995 coercion. See also C<SvCUR>, which gives raw access to the xpv_cur slot.
6001 Perl_sv_len(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
6009 len = mg_length(sv);
6011 (void)SvPV_const(sv, len);
6016 =for apidoc sv_len_utf8
6018 Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
6019 UTF-8 bytes as a single character. Handles magic and type coercion.
6025 * The length is cached in PERL_MAGIC_utf8, in the mg_len field. Also the
6026 * mg_ptr is used, by sv_pos_u2b() and sv_pos_b2u() - see the comments below.
6027 * (Note that the mg_len is not the length of the mg_ptr field.
6028 * This allows the cache to store the character length of the string without
6029 * needing to malloc() extra storage to attach to the mg_ptr.)
6034 Perl_sv_len_utf8(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
6040 return mg_length(sv);
6044 const U8 *s = (U8*)SvPV_const(sv, len);
6048 MAGIC *mg = SvMAGICAL(sv) ? mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
6050 if (mg && mg->mg_len != -1) {
6052 if (PL_utf8cache < 0) {
6053 const STRLEN real = Perl_utf8_length(aTHX_ s, s + len);
6055 /* Need to turn the assertions off otherwise we may
6056 recurse infinitely while printing error messages.
6058 SAVEI8(PL_utf8cache);
6060 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_len_utf8 cache %"UVuf
6061 " real %"UVuf" for %"SVf,
6062 (UV) ulen, (UV) real, SVfARG(sv));
6067 ulen = Perl_utf8_length(aTHX_ s, s + len);
6068 if (!SvREADONLY(sv)) {
6069 if (!mg && (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG ||
6070 !(mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))) {
6071 mg = sv_magicext(sv, 0, PERL_MAGIC_utf8,
6072 &PL_vtbl_utf8, 0, 0);
6076 /* For now, treat "overflowed" as "still unknown".
6078 if (ulen != (STRLEN) mg->mg_len)
6084 return Perl_utf8_length(aTHX_ s, s + len);
6088 /* Walk forwards to find the byte corresponding to the passed in UTF-8
6091 S_sv_pos_u2b_forwards(const U8 *const start, const U8 *const send,
6094 const U8 *s = start;
6096 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B_FORWARDS;
6098 while (s < send && uoffset--)
6101 /* This is the existing behaviour. Possibly it should be a croak, as
6102 it's actually a bounds error */
6108 /* Given the length of the string in both bytes and UTF-8 characters, decide
6109 whether to walk forwards or backwards to find the byte corresponding to
6110 the passed in UTF-8 offset. */
6112 S_sv_pos_u2b_midway(const U8 *const start, const U8 *send,
6113 const STRLEN uoffset, const STRLEN uend)
6115 STRLEN backw = uend - uoffset;
6117 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B_MIDWAY;
6119 if (uoffset < 2 * backw) {
6120 /* The assumption is that going forwards is twice the speed of going
6121 forward (that's where the 2 * backw comes from).
6122 (The real figure of course depends on the UTF-8 data.) */
6123 return sv_pos_u2b_forwards(start, send, uoffset);
6128 while (UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*send))
6131 return send - start;
6134 /* For the string representation of the given scalar, find the byte
6135 corresponding to the passed in UTF-8 offset. uoffset0 and boffset0
6136 give another position in the string, *before* the sought offset, which
6137 (which is always true, as 0, 0 is a valid pair of positions), which should
6138 help reduce the amount of linear searching.
6139 If *mgp is non-NULL, it should point to the UTF-8 cache magic, which
6140 will be used to reduce the amount of linear searching. The cache will be
6141 created if necessary, and the found value offered to it for update. */
6143 S_sv_pos_u2b_cached(pTHX_ SV *const sv, MAGIC **const mgp, const U8 *const start,
6144 const U8 *const send, const STRLEN uoffset,
6145 STRLEN uoffset0, STRLEN boffset0)
6147 STRLEN boffset = 0; /* Actually always set, but let's keep gcc happy. */
6150 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B_CACHED;
6152 assert (uoffset >= uoffset0);
6156 && (*mgp || (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG &&
6157 (*mgp = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8))))) {
6158 if ((*mgp)->mg_ptr) {
6159 STRLEN *cache = (STRLEN *) (*mgp)->mg_ptr;
6160 if (cache[0] == uoffset) {
6161 /* An exact match. */
6164 if (cache[2] == uoffset) {
6165 /* An exact match. */
6169 if (cache[0] < uoffset) {
6170 /* The cache already knows part of the way. */
6171 if (cache[0] > uoffset0) {
6172 /* The cache knows more than the passed in pair */
6173 uoffset0 = cache[0];
6174 boffset0 = cache[1];
6176 if ((*mgp)->mg_len != -1) {
6177 /* And we know the end too. */
6179 + sv_pos_u2b_midway(start + boffset0, send,
6181 (*mgp)->mg_len - uoffset0);
6184 + sv_pos_u2b_forwards(start + boffset0,
6185 send, uoffset - uoffset0);
6188 else if (cache[2] < uoffset) {
6189 /* We're between the two cache entries. */
6190 if (cache[2] > uoffset0) {
6191 /* and the cache knows more than the passed in pair */
6192 uoffset0 = cache[2];
6193 boffset0 = cache[3];
6197 + sv_pos_u2b_midway(start + boffset0,
6200 cache[0] - uoffset0);
6203 + sv_pos_u2b_midway(start + boffset0,
6206 cache[2] - uoffset0);
6210 else if ((*mgp)->mg_len != -1) {
6211 /* If we can take advantage of a passed in offset, do so. */
6212 /* In fact, offset0 is either 0, or less than offset, so don't
6213 need to worry about the other possibility. */
6215 + sv_pos_u2b_midway(start + boffset0, send,
6217 (*mgp)->mg_len - uoffset0);
6222 if (!found || PL_utf8cache < 0) {
6223 const STRLEN real_boffset
6224 = boffset0 + sv_pos_u2b_forwards(start + boffset0,
6225 send, uoffset - uoffset0);
6227 if (found && PL_utf8cache < 0) {
6228 if (real_boffset != boffset) {
6229 /* Need to turn the assertions off otherwise we may recurse
6230 infinitely while printing error messages. */
6231 SAVEI8(PL_utf8cache);
6233 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_pos_u2b_cache cache %"UVuf
6234 " real %"UVuf" for %"SVf,
6235 (UV) boffset, (UV) real_boffset, SVfARG(sv));
6238 boffset = real_boffset;
6242 utf8_mg_pos_cache_update(sv, mgp, boffset, uoffset, send - start);
6248 =for apidoc sv_pos_u2b_flags
6250 Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of UTF-8 chars from
6251 the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if
6252 lenp is non-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from
6253 the offset, rather than from the start of the string. Handles type coercion.
6254 I<flags> is passed to C<SvPV_flags>, and usually should be
6255 C<SV_GMAGIC|SV_CONST_RETURN> to handle magic.
6261 * sv_pos_u2b_flags() uses, like sv_pos_b2u(), the mg_ptr of the potential
6262 * PERL_MAGIC_utf8 of the sv to store the mapping between UTF-8 and
6263 * byte offsets. See also the comments of S_utf8_mg_pos_cache_update().
6268 Perl_sv_pos_u2b_flags(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN uoffset, STRLEN *const lenp,
6275 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B_FLAGS;
6277 start = (U8*)SvPV_flags(sv, len, flags);
6279 const U8 * const send = start + len;
6281 boffset = sv_pos_u2b_cached(sv, &mg, start, send, uoffset, 0, 0);
6284 /* Convert the relative offset to absolute. */
6285 const STRLEN uoffset2 = uoffset + *lenp;
6286 const STRLEN boffset2
6287 = sv_pos_u2b_cached(sv, &mg, start, send, uoffset2,
6288 uoffset, boffset) - boffset;
6302 =for apidoc sv_pos_u2b
6304 Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of UTF-8 chars from
6305 the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if
6306 lenp is non-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from
6307 the offset, rather than from the start of the string. Handles magic and
6310 Use C<sv_pos_u2b_flags> in preference, which correctly handles strings longer
6317 * sv_pos_u2b() uses, like sv_pos_b2u(), the mg_ptr of the potential
6318 * PERL_MAGIC_utf8 of the sv to store the mapping between UTF-8 and
6319 * byte offsets. See also the comments of S_utf8_mg_pos_cache_update().
6323 /* This function is subject to size and sign problems */
6326 Perl_sv_pos_u2b(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, I32 *const offsetp, I32 *const lenp)
6328 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_U2B;
6331 STRLEN ulen = (STRLEN)*lenp;
6332 *offsetp = (I32)sv_pos_u2b_flags(sv, (STRLEN)*offsetp, &ulen,
6333 SV_GMAGIC|SV_CONST_RETURN);
6336 *offsetp = (I32)sv_pos_u2b_flags(sv, (STRLEN)*offsetp, NULL,
6337 SV_GMAGIC|SV_CONST_RETURN);
6341 /* Create and update the UTF8 magic offset cache, with the proffered utf8/
6342 byte length pairing. The (byte) length of the total SV is passed in too,
6343 as blen, because for some (more esoteric) SVs, the call to SvPV_const()
6344 may not have updated SvCUR, so we can't rely on reading it directly.
6346 The proffered utf8/byte length pairing isn't used if the cache already has
6347 two pairs, and swapping either for the proffered pair would increase the
6348 RMS of the intervals between known byte offsets.
6350 The cache itself consists of 4 STRLEN values
6351 0: larger UTF-8 offset
6352 1: corresponding byte offset
6353 2: smaller UTF-8 offset
6354 3: corresponding byte offset
6356 Unused cache pairs have the value 0, 0.
6357 Keeping the cache "backwards" means that the invariant of
6358 cache[0] >= cache[2] is maintained even with empty slots, which means that
6359 the code that uses it doesn't need to worry if only 1 entry has actually
6360 been set to non-zero. It also makes the "position beyond the end of the
6361 cache" logic much simpler, as the first slot is always the one to start
6365 S_utf8_mg_pos_cache_update(pTHX_ SV *const sv, MAGIC **const mgp, const STRLEN byte,
6366 const STRLEN utf8, const STRLEN blen)
6370 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTF8_MG_POS_CACHE_UPDATE;
6375 if (!*mgp && (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG ||
6376 !(*mgp = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))) {
6377 *mgp = sv_magicext(sv, 0, PERL_MAGIC_utf8, (MGVTBL*)&PL_vtbl_utf8, 0,
6379 (*mgp)->mg_len = -1;
6383 if (!(cache = (STRLEN *)(*mgp)->mg_ptr)) {
6384 Newxz(cache, PERL_MAGIC_UTF8_CACHESIZE * 2, STRLEN);
6385 (*mgp)->mg_ptr = (char *) cache;
6389 if (PL_utf8cache < 0 && SvPOKp(sv)) {
6390 /* SvPOKp() because it's possible that sv has string overloading, and
6391 therefore is a reference, hence SvPVX() is actually a pointer.
6392 This cures the (very real) symptoms of RT 69422, but I'm not actually
6393 sure whether we should even be caching the results of UTF-8
6394 operations on overloading, given that nothing stops overloading
6395 returning a different value every time it's called. */
6396 const U8 *start = (const U8 *) SvPVX_const(sv);
6397 const STRLEN realutf8 = utf8_length(start, start + byte);
6399 if (realutf8 != utf8) {
6400 /* Need to turn the assertions off otherwise we may recurse
6401 infinitely while printing error messages. */
6402 SAVEI8(PL_utf8cache);
6404 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: utf8_mg_pos_cache_update cache %"UVuf
6405 " real %"UVuf" for %"SVf, (UV) utf8, (UV) realutf8, SVfARG(sv));
6409 /* Cache is held with the later position first, to simplify the code
6410 that deals with unbounded ends. */
6412 ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache);
6413 if (cache[1] == 0) {
6414 /* Cache is totally empty */
6417 } else if (cache[3] == 0) {
6418 if (byte > cache[1]) {
6419 /* New one is larger, so goes first. */
6420 cache[2] = cache[0];
6421 cache[3] = cache[1];
6429 #define THREEWAY_SQUARE(a,b,c,d) \
6430 ((float)((d) - (c))) * ((float)((d) - (c))) \
6431 + ((float)((c) - (b))) * ((float)((c) - (b))) \
6432 + ((float)((b) - (a))) * ((float)((b) - (a)))
6434 /* Cache has 2 slots in use, and we know three potential pairs.
6435 Keep the two that give the lowest RMS distance. Do the
6436 calcualation in bytes simply because we always know the byte
6437 length. squareroot has the same ordering as the positive value,
6438 so don't bother with the actual square root. */
6439 const float existing = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, cache[3], cache[1], blen);
6440 if (byte > cache[1]) {
6441 /* New position is after the existing pair of pairs. */
6442 const float keep_earlier
6443 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, cache[3], byte, blen);
6444 const float keep_later
6445 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, cache[1], byte, blen);
6447 if (keep_later < keep_earlier) {
6448 if (keep_later < existing) {
6449 cache[2] = cache[0];
6450 cache[3] = cache[1];
6456 if (keep_earlier < existing) {
6462 else if (byte > cache[3]) {
6463 /* New position is between the existing pair of pairs. */
6464 const float keep_earlier
6465 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, cache[3], byte, blen);
6466 const float keep_later
6467 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, byte, cache[1], blen);
6469 if (keep_later < keep_earlier) {
6470 if (keep_later < existing) {
6476 if (keep_earlier < existing) {
6483 /* New position is before the existing pair of pairs. */
6484 const float keep_earlier
6485 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, byte, cache[3], blen);
6486 const float keep_later
6487 = THREEWAY_SQUARE(0, byte, cache[1], blen);
6489 if (keep_later < keep_earlier) {
6490 if (keep_later < existing) {
6496 if (keep_earlier < existing) {
6497 cache[0] = cache[2];
6498 cache[1] = cache[3];
6505 ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache);
6508 /* We already know all of the way, now we may be able to walk back. The same
6509 assumption is made as in S_sv_pos_u2b_midway(), namely that walking
6510 backward is half the speed of walking forward. */
6512 S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(pTHX_ const U8 *const s, const U8 *const target,
6513 const U8 *end, STRLEN endu)
6515 const STRLEN forw = target - s;
6516 STRLEN backw = end - target;
6518 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_B2U_MIDWAY;
6520 if (forw < 2 * backw) {
6521 return utf8_length(s, target);
6524 while (end > target) {
6526 while (UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*end)) {
6535 =for apidoc sv_pos_b2u
6537 Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of bytes from the
6538 start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of UTF-8 chars.
6539 Handles magic and type coercion.
6545 * sv_pos_b2u() uses, like sv_pos_u2b(), the mg_ptr of the potential
6546 * PERL_MAGIC_utf8 of the sv to store the mapping between UTF-8 and
6551 Perl_sv_pos_b2u(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, I32 *const offsetp)
6554 const STRLEN byte = *offsetp;
6555 STRLEN len = 0; /* Actually always set, but let's keep gcc happy. */
6561 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_POS_B2U;
6566 s = (const U8*)SvPV_const(sv, blen);
6569 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_pos_b2u: bad byte offset");
6575 && SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG
6576 && (mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8)))
6579 STRLEN * const cache = (STRLEN *) mg->mg_ptr;
6580 if (cache[1] == byte) {
6581 /* An exact match. */
6582 *offsetp = cache[0];
6585 if (cache[3] == byte) {
6586 /* An exact match. */
6587 *offsetp = cache[2];
6591 if (cache[1] < byte) {
6592 /* We already know part of the way. */
6593 if (mg->mg_len != -1) {
6594 /* Actually, we know the end too. */
6596 + S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(aTHX_ s + cache[1], send,
6597 s + blen, mg->mg_len - cache[0]);
6599 len = cache[0] + utf8_length(s + cache[1], send);
6602 else if (cache[3] < byte) {
6603 /* We're between the two cached pairs, so we do the calculation
6604 offset by the byte/utf-8 positions for the earlier pair,
6605 then add the utf-8 characters from the string start to
6607 len = S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(aTHX_ s + cache[3], send,
6608 s + cache[1], cache[0] - cache[2])
6612 else { /* cache[3] > byte */
6613 len = S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(aTHX_ s, send, s + cache[3],
6617 ASSERT_UTF8_CACHE(cache);
6619 } else if (mg->mg_len != -1) {
6620 len = S_sv_pos_b2u_midway(aTHX_ s, send, s + blen, mg->mg_len);
6624 if (!found || PL_utf8cache < 0) {
6625 const STRLEN real_len = utf8_length(s, send);
6627 if (found && PL_utf8cache < 0) {
6628 if (len != real_len) {
6629 /* Need to turn the assertions off otherwise we may recurse
6630 infinitely while printing error messages. */
6631 SAVEI8(PL_utf8cache);
6633 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_pos_b2u cache %"UVuf
6634 " real %"UVuf" for %"SVf,
6635 (UV) len, (UV) real_len, SVfARG(sv));
6643 utf8_mg_pos_cache_update(sv, &mg, byte, len, blen);
6649 Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
6650 identical. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
6651 coerce its args to strings if necessary.
6657 Perl_sv_eq(pTHX_ register SV *sv1, register SV *sv2)
6666 SV* svrecode = NULL;
6673 /* if pv1 and pv2 are the same, second SvPV_const call may
6674 * invalidate pv1, so we may need to make a copy */
6675 if (sv1 == sv2 && (SvTHINKFIRST(sv1) || SvGMAGICAL(sv1))) {
6676 pv1 = SvPV_const(sv1, cur1);
6677 sv1 = newSVpvn_flags(pv1, cur1, SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(sv2));
6679 pv1 = SvPV_const(sv1, cur1);
6687 pv2 = SvPV_const(sv2, cur2);
6689 if (cur1 && cur2 && SvUTF8(sv1) != SvUTF8(sv2) && !IN_BYTES) {
6690 /* Differing utf8ness.
6691 * Do not UTF8size the comparands as a side-effect. */
6694 svrecode = newSVpvn(pv2, cur2);
6695 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
6696 pv2 = SvPV_const(svrecode, cur2);
6699 svrecode = newSVpvn(pv1, cur1);
6700 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
6701 pv1 = SvPV_const(svrecode, cur1);
6703 /* Now both are in UTF-8. */
6705 SvREFCNT_dec(svrecode);
6710 bool is_utf8 = TRUE;
6713 /* sv1 is the UTF-8 one,
6714 * if is equal it must be downgrade-able */
6715 char * const pv = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((const U8*)pv1,
6721 /* sv2 is the UTF-8 one,
6722 * if is equal it must be downgrade-able */
6723 char * const pv = (char *)bytes_from_utf8((const U8*)pv2,
6729 /* Downgrade not possible - cannot be eq */
6737 eq = (pv1 == pv2) || memEQ(pv1, pv2, cur1);
6739 SvREFCNT_dec(svrecode);
6749 Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
6750 string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
6751 C<sv2>. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
6752 coerce its args to strings if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>.
6758 Perl_sv_cmp(pTHX_ register SV *const sv1, register SV *const sv2)
6762 const char *pv1, *pv2;
6765 SV *svrecode = NULL;
6772 pv1 = SvPV_const(sv1, cur1);
6779 pv2 = SvPV_const(sv2, cur2);
6781 if (cur1 && cur2 && SvUTF8(sv1) != SvUTF8(sv2) && !IN_BYTES) {
6782 /* Differing utf8ness.
6783 * Do not UTF8size the comparands as a side-effect. */
6786 svrecode = newSVpvn(pv2, cur2);
6787 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
6788 pv2 = SvPV_const(svrecode, cur2);
6791 pv2 = tpv = (char*)bytes_to_utf8((const U8*)pv2, &cur2);
6796 svrecode = newSVpvn(pv1, cur1);
6797 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
6798 pv1 = SvPV_const(svrecode, cur1);
6801 pv1 = tpv = (char*)bytes_to_utf8((const U8*)pv1, &cur1);
6807 cmp = cur2 ? -1 : 0;
6811 const I32 retval = memcmp((const void*)pv1, (const void*)pv2, cur1 < cur2 ? cur1 : cur2);
6814 cmp = retval < 0 ? -1 : 1;
6815 } else if (cur1 == cur2) {
6818 cmp = cur1 < cur2 ? -1 : 1;
6822 SvREFCNT_dec(svrecode);
6830 =for apidoc sv_cmp_locale
6832 Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. Is UTF-8 and
6833 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings
6834 if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp>.
6840 Perl_sv_cmp_locale(pTHX_ register SV *const sv1, register SV *const sv2)
6843 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
6849 if (PL_collation_standard)
6853 pv1 = sv1 ? sv_collxfrm(sv1, &len1) : (char *) NULL;
6855 pv2 = sv2 ? sv_collxfrm(sv2, &len2) : (char *) NULL;
6857 if (!pv1 || !len1) {
6868 retval = memcmp((void*)pv1, (void*)pv2, len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2);
6871 return retval < 0 ? -1 : 1;
6874 * When the result of collation is equality, that doesn't mean
6875 * that there are no differences -- some locales exclude some
6876 * characters from consideration. So to avoid false equalities,
6877 * we use the raw string as a tiebreaker.
6883 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
6885 return sv_cmp(sv1, sv2);
6889 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
6892 =for apidoc sv_collxfrm
6894 Add Collate Transform magic to an SV if it doesn't already have it.
6896 Any scalar variable may carry PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic that contains the
6897 scalar data of the variable, but transformed to such a format that a normal
6898 memory comparison can be used to compare the data according to the locale
6905 Perl_sv_collxfrm(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN *const nxp)
6910 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_COLLXFRM;
6912 mg = SvMAGICAL(sv) ? mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm) : (MAGIC *) NULL;
6913 if (!mg || !mg->mg_ptr || *(U32*)mg->mg_ptr != PL_collation_ix) {
6919 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
6920 s = SvPV_const(sv, len);
6921 if ((xf = mem_collxfrm(s, len, &xlen))) {
6923 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
6925 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
6927 mg = sv_magicext(sv, 0, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm, &PL_vtbl_collxfrm,
6941 if (mg && mg->mg_ptr) {
6943 return mg->mg_ptr + sizeof(PL_collation_ix);
6951 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
6956 Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV, optionally
6957 appending to the currently-stored string.
6963 Perl_sv_gets(pTHX_ register SV *const sv, register PerlIO *const fp, I32 append)
6968 register STDCHAR rslast;
6969 register STDCHAR *bp;
6974 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_GETS;
6976 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv))
6977 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, append ? 0 : SV_COW_DROP_PV);
6978 /* XXX. If you make this PVIV, then copy on write can copy scalars read
6980 However, perlbench says it's slower, because the existing swipe code
6981 is faster than copy on write.
6982 Swings and roundabouts. */
6983 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
6988 if (PerlIO_isutf8(fp)) {
6990 sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg(sv);
6991 sv_pos_u2b(sv,&append,0);
6993 } else if (SvUTF8(sv)) {
6994 SV * const tsv = newSV(0);
6995 sv_gets(tsv, fp, 0);
6996 sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg(tsv);
6997 SvCUR_set(sv,append);
7000 goto return_string_or_null;
7005 if (PerlIO_isutf8(fp))
7008 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
7009 /* we always read code in line mode */
7013 else if (RsSNARF(PL_rs)) {
7014 /* If it is a regular disk file use size from stat() as estimate
7015 of amount we are going to read -- may result in mallocing
7016 more memory than we really need if the layers below reduce
7017 the size we read (e.g. CRLF or a gzip layer).
7020 if (!PerlLIO_fstat(PerlIO_fileno(fp), &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
7021 const Off_t offset = PerlIO_tell(fp);
7022 if (offset != (Off_t) -1 && st.st_size + append > offset) {
7023 (void) SvGROW(sv, (STRLEN)((st.st_size - offset) + append + 1));
7029 else if (RsRECORD(PL_rs)) {
7037 /* Grab the size of the record we're getting */
7038 recsize = SvUV(SvRV(PL_rs)); /* RsRECORD() guarantees > 0. */
7039 buffer = SvGROW(sv, (STRLEN)(recsize + append + 1)) + append;
7042 /* VMS wants read instead of fread, because fread doesn't respect */
7043 /* RMS record boundaries. This is not necessarily a good thing to be */
7044 /* doing, but we've got no other real choice - except avoid stdio
7045 as implementation - perhaps write a :vms layer ?
7047 fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
7048 if (fd == -1) { /* in-memory file from PerlIO::Scalar */
7049 bytesread = PerlIO_read(fp, buffer, recsize);
7052 bytesread = PerlLIO_read(fd, buffer, recsize);
7055 bytesread = PerlIO_read(fp, buffer, recsize);
7059 SvCUR_set(sv, bytesread + append);
7060 buffer[bytesread] = '\0';
7061 goto return_string_or_null;
7063 else if (RsPARA(PL_rs)) {
7069 /* Get $/ i.e. PL_rs into same encoding as stream wants */
7070 if (PerlIO_isutf8(fp)) {
7071 rsptr = SvPVutf8(PL_rs, rslen);
7074 if (SvUTF8(PL_rs)) {
7075 if (!sv_utf8_downgrade(PL_rs, TRUE)) {
7076 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character in $/");
7079 rsptr = SvPV_const(PL_rs, rslen);
7083 rslast = rslen ? rsptr[rslen - 1] : '\0';
7085 if (rspara) { /* have to do this both before and after */
7086 do { /* to make sure file boundaries work right */
7089 i = PerlIO_getc(fp);
7093 PerlIO_ungetc(fp,i);
7099 /* See if we know enough about I/O mechanism to cheat it ! */
7101 /* This used to be #ifdef test - it is made run-time test for ease
7102 of abstracting out stdio interface. One call should be cheap
7103 enough here - and may even be a macro allowing compile
7107 if (PerlIO_fast_gets(fp)) {
7110 * We're going to steal some values from the stdio struct
7111 * and put EVERYTHING in the innermost loop into registers.
7113 register STDCHAR *ptr;
7117 #if defined(VMS) && defined(PERLIO_IS_STDIO)
7118 /* An ungetc()d char is handled separately from the regular
7119 * buffer, so we getc() it back out and stuff it in the buffer.
7121 i = PerlIO_getc(fp);
7122 if (i == EOF) return 0;
7123 *(--((*fp)->_ptr)) = (unsigned char) i;
7127 /* Here is some breathtakingly efficient cheating */
7129 cnt = PerlIO_get_cnt(fp); /* get count into register */
7130 /* make sure we have the room */
7131 if ((I32)(SvLEN(sv) - append) <= cnt + 1) {
7132 /* Not room for all of it
7133 if we are looking for a separator and room for some
7135 if (rslen && cnt > 80 && (I32)SvLEN(sv) > append) {
7136 /* just process what we have room for */
7137 shortbuffered = cnt - SvLEN(sv) + append + 1;
7138 cnt -= shortbuffered;
7142 /* remember that cnt can be negative */
7143 SvGROW(sv, (STRLEN)(append + (cnt <= 0 ? 2 : (cnt + 1))));
7148 bp = (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv) + append; /* move these two too to registers */
7149 ptr = (STDCHAR*)PerlIO_get_ptr(fp);
7150 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7151 "Screamer: entering, ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)cnt));
7152 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7153 "Screamer: entering: PerlIO * thinks ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld, base=%"UVuf"\n",
7154 PTR2UV(PerlIO_get_ptr(fp)), (long)PerlIO_get_cnt(fp),
7155 PTR2UV(PerlIO_has_base(fp) ? PerlIO_get_base(fp) : 0)));
7160 while (cnt > 0) { /* this | eat */
7162 if ((*bp++ = *ptr++) == rslast) /* really | dust */
7163 goto thats_all_folks; /* screams | sed :-) */
7167 Copy(ptr, bp, cnt, char); /* this | eat */
7168 bp += cnt; /* screams | dust */
7169 ptr += cnt; /* louder | sed :-) */
7174 if (shortbuffered) { /* oh well, must extend */
7175 cnt = shortbuffered;
7177 bpx = bp - (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv); /* box up before relocation */
7179 SvGROW(sv, SvLEN(sv) + append + cnt + 2);
7180 bp = (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv) + bpx; /* unbox after relocation */
7184 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7185 "Screamer: going to getc, ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld\n",
7186 PTR2UV(ptr),(long)cnt));
7187 PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(fp, (STDCHAR*)ptr, cnt); /* deregisterize cnt and ptr */
7189 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7190 "Screamer: pre: FILE * thinks ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld, base=%"UVuf"\n",
7191 PTR2UV(PerlIO_get_ptr(fp)), (long)PerlIO_get_cnt(fp),
7192 PTR2UV(PerlIO_has_base (fp) ? PerlIO_get_base(fp) : 0)));
7194 /* This used to call 'filbuf' in stdio form, but as that behaves like
7195 getc when cnt <= 0 we use PerlIO_getc here to avoid introducing
7196 another abstraction. */
7197 i = PerlIO_getc(fp); /* get more characters */
7199 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7200 "Screamer: post: FILE * thinks ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld, base=%"UVuf"\n",
7201 PTR2UV(PerlIO_get_ptr(fp)), (long)PerlIO_get_cnt(fp),
7202 PTR2UV(PerlIO_has_base (fp) ? PerlIO_get_base(fp) : 0)));
7204 cnt = PerlIO_get_cnt(fp);
7205 ptr = (STDCHAR*)PerlIO_get_ptr(fp); /* reregisterize cnt and ptr */
7206 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7207 "Screamer: after getc, ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)cnt));
7209 if (i == EOF) /* all done for ever? */
7210 goto thats_really_all_folks;
7212 bpx = bp - (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv); /* box up before relocation */
7214 SvGROW(sv, bpx + cnt + 2);
7215 bp = (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv) + bpx; /* unbox after relocation */
7217 *bp++ = (STDCHAR)i; /* store character from PerlIO_getc */
7219 if (rslen && (STDCHAR)i == rslast) /* all done for now? */
7220 goto thats_all_folks;
7224 if ((rslen > 1 && (STRLEN)(bp - (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv)) < rslen) ||
7225 memNE((char*)bp - rslen, rsptr, rslen))
7226 goto screamer; /* go back to the fray */
7227 thats_really_all_folks:
7229 cnt += shortbuffered;
7230 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7231 "Screamer: quitting, ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)cnt));
7232 PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(fp, (STDCHAR*)ptr, cnt); /* put these back or we're in trouble */
7233 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7234 "Screamer: end: FILE * thinks ptr=%"UVuf", cnt=%ld, base=%"UVuf"\n",
7235 PTR2UV(PerlIO_get_ptr(fp)), (long)PerlIO_get_cnt(fp),
7236 PTR2UV(PerlIO_has_base (fp) ? PerlIO_get_base(fp) : 0)));
7238 SvCUR_set(sv, bp - (STDCHAR*)SvPVX_const(sv)); /* set length */
7239 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
7240 "Screamer: done, len=%ld, string=|%.*s|\n",
7241 (long)SvCUR(sv),(int)SvCUR(sv),SvPVX_const(sv)));
7245 /*The big, slow, and stupid way. */
7246 #ifdef USE_HEAP_INSTEAD_OF_STACK /* Even slower way. */
7247 STDCHAR *buf = NULL;
7248 Newx(buf, 8192, STDCHAR);
7256 register const STDCHAR * const bpe = buf + sizeof(buf);
7258 while ((i = PerlIO_getc(fp)) != EOF && (*bp++ = (STDCHAR)i) != rslast && bp < bpe)
7259 ; /* keep reading */
7263 cnt = PerlIO_read(fp,(char*)buf, sizeof(buf));
7264 /* Accomodate broken VAXC compiler, which applies U8 cast to
7265 * both args of ?: operator, causing EOF to change into 255
7268 i = (U8)buf[cnt - 1];
7274 cnt = 0; /* we do need to re-set the sv even when cnt <= 0 */
7276 sv_catpvn(sv, (char *) buf, cnt);
7278 sv_setpvn(sv, (char *) buf, cnt);
7280 if (i != EOF && /* joy */
7282 SvCUR(sv) < rslen ||
7283 memNE(SvPVX_const(sv) + SvCUR(sv) - rslen, rsptr, rslen)))
7287 * If we're reading from a TTY and we get a short read,
7288 * indicating that the user hit his EOF character, we need
7289 * to notice it now, because if we try to read from the TTY
7290 * again, the EOF condition will disappear.
7292 * The comparison of cnt to sizeof(buf) is an optimization
7293 * that prevents unnecessary calls to feof().
7297 if (!(cnt < (I32)sizeof(buf) && PerlIO_eof(fp)))
7301 #ifdef USE_HEAP_INSTEAD_OF_STACK
7306 if (rspara) { /* have to do this both before and after */
7307 while (i != EOF) { /* to make sure file boundaries work right */
7308 i = PerlIO_getc(fp);
7310 PerlIO_ungetc(fp,i);
7316 return_string_or_null:
7317 return (SvCUR(sv) - append) ? SvPVX(sv) : NULL;
7323 Auto-increment of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
7324 if necessary. Handles 'get' magic and operator overloading.
7330 Perl_sv_inc(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
7339 =for apidoc sv_inc_nomg
7341 Auto-increment of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
7342 if necessary. Handles operator overloading. Skips handling 'get' magic.
7348 Perl_sv_inc_nomg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
7356 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
7358 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
7359 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
7360 if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME)
7361 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
7365 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && AMG_CALLun(sv,inc))
7367 i = PTR2IV(SvRV(sv));
7372 flags = SvFLAGS(sv);
7373 if ((flags & (SVp_NOK|SVp_IOK)) == SVp_NOK) {
7374 /* It's (privately or publicly) a float, but not tested as an
7375 integer, so test it to see. */
7377 flags = SvFLAGS(sv);
7379 if ((flags & SVf_IOK) || ((flags & (SVp_IOK | SVp_NOK)) == SVp_IOK)) {
7380 /* It's publicly an integer, or privately an integer-not-float */
7381 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
7385 if (SvUVX(sv) == UV_MAX)
7386 sv_setnv(sv, UV_MAX_P1);
7388 (void)SvIOK_only_UV(sv);
7389 SvUV_set(sv, SvUVX(sv) + 1);
7391 if (SvIVX(sv) == IV_MAX)
7392 sv_setuv(sv, (UV)IV_MAX + 1);
7394 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
7395 SvIV_set(sv, SvIVX(sv) + 1);
7400 if (flags & SVp_NOK) {
7401 const NV was = SvNVX(sv);
7402 if (NV_OVERFLOWS_INTEGERS_AT &&
7403 was >= NV_OVERFLOWS_INTEGERS_AT) {
7404 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IMPRECISION),
7405 "Lost precision when incrementing %" NVff " by 1",
7408 (void)SvNOK_only(sv);
7409 SvNV_set(sv, was + 1.0);
7413 if (!(flags & SVp_POK) || !*SvPVX_const(sv)) {
7414 if ((flags & SVTYPEMASK) < SVt_PVIV)
7415 sv_upgrade(sv, ((flags & SVTYPEMASK) > SVt_IV ? SVt_PVIV : SVt_IV));
7416 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
7421 while (isALPHA(*d)) d++;
7422 while (isDIGIT(*d)) d++;
7423 if (d < SvEND(sv)) {
7424 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
7425 /* Got to punt this as an integer if needs be, but we don't issue
7426 warnings. Probably ought to make the sv_iv_please() that does
7427 the conversion if possible, and silently. */
7428 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), NULL);
7429 if (numtype && !(numtype & IS_NUMBER_INFINITY)) {
7430 /* Need to try really hard to see if it's an integer.
7431 9.22337203685478e+18 is an integer.
7432 but "9.22337203685478e+18" + 0 is UV=9223372036854779904
7433 so $a="9.22337203685478e+18"; $a+0; $a++
7434 needs to be the same as $a="9.22337203685478e+18"; $a++
7441 /* sv_2iv *should* have made this an NV */
7442 if (flags & SVp_NOK) {
7443 (void)SvNOK_only(sv);
7444 SvNV_set(sv, SvNVX(sv) + 1.0);
7447 /* I don't think we can get here. Maybe I should assert this
7448 And if we do get here I suspect that sv_setnv will croak. NWC
7450 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
7451 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_inc punt failed to convert '%s' to IOK or NOKp, UV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"PERL_PRIgldbl"\n",
7452 SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
7454 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_inc punt failed to convert '%s' to IOK or NOKp, UV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"NVgf"\n",
7455 SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
7458 #endif /* PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV */
7459 sv_setnv(sv,Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)) + 1.0);
7463 while (d >= SvPVX_const(sv)) {
7471 /* MKS: The original code here died if letters weren't consecutive.
7472 * at least it didn't have to worry about non-C locales. The
7473 * new code assumes that ('z'-'a')==('Z'-'A'), letters are
7474 * arranged in order (although not consecutively) and that only
7475 * [A-Za-z] are accepted by isALPHA in the C locale.
7477 if (*d != 'z' && *d != 'Z') {
7478 do { ++*d; } while (!isALPHA(*d));
7481 *(d--) -= 'z' - 'a';
7486 *(d--) -= 'z' - 'a' + 1;
7490 /* oh,oh, the number grew */
7491 SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + 2);
7492 SvCUR_set(sv, SvCUR(sv) + 1);
7493 for (d = SvPVX(sv) + SvCUR(sv); d > SvPVX_const(sv); d--)
7504 Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
7505 if necessary. Handles 'get' magic and operator overloading.
7511 Perl_sv_dec(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
7521 =for apidoc sv_dec_nomg
7523 Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
7524 if necessary. Handles operator overloading. Skips handling 'get' magic.
7530 Perl_sv_dec_nomg(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
7537 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
7539 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
7540 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
7541 if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME)
7542 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
7546 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && AMG_CALLun(sv,dec))
7548 i = PTR2IV(SvRV(sv));
7553 /* Unlike sv_inc we don't have to worry about string-never-numbers
7554 and keeping them magic. But we mustn't warn on punting */
7555 flags = SvFLAGS(sv);
7556 if ((flags & SVf_IOK) || ((flags & (SVp_IOK | SVp_NOK)) == SVp_IOK)) {
7557 /* It's publicly an integer, or privately an integer-not-float */
7558 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
7562 if (SvUVX(sv) == 0) {
7563 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
7567 (void)SvIOK_only_UV(sv);
7568 SvUV_set(sv, SvUVX(sv) - 1);
7571 if (SvIVX(sv) == IV_MIN) {
7572 sv_setnv(sv, (NV)IV_MIN);
7576 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
7577 SvIV_set(sv, SvIVX(sv) - 1);
7582 if (flags & SVp_NOK) {
7585 const NV was = SvNVX(sv);
7586 if (NV_OVERFLOWS_INTEGERS_AT &&
7587 was <= -NV_OVERFLOWS_INTEGERS_AT) {
7588 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IMPRECISION),
7589 "Lost precision when decrementing %" NVff " by 1",
7592 (void)SvNOK_only(sv);
7593 SvNV_set(sv, was - 1.0);
7597 if (!(flags & SVp_POK)) {
7598 if ((flags & SVTYPEMASK) < SVt_PVIV)
7599 sv_upgrade(sv, ((flags & SVTYPEMASK) > SVt_IV) ? SVt_PVIV : SVt_IV);
7601 (void)SvIOK_only(sv);
7604 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
7606 const int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), NULL);
7607 if (numtype && !(numtype & IS_NUMBER_INFINITY)) {
7608 /* Need to try really hard to see if it's an integer.
7609 9.22337203685478e+18 is an integer.
7610 but "9.22337203685478e+18" + 0 is UV=9223372036854779904
7611 so $a="9.22337203685478e+18"; $a+0; $a--
7612 needs to be the same as $a="9.22337203685478e+18"; $a--
7619 /* sv_2iv *should* have made this an NV */
7620 if (flags & SVp_NOK) {
7621 (void)SvNOK_only(sv);
7622 SvNV_set(sv, SvNVX(sv) - 1.0);
7625 /* I don't think we can get here. Maybe I should assert this
7626 And if we do get here I suspect that sv_setnv will croak. NWC
7628 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
7629 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_dec punt failed to convert '%s' to IOK or NOKp, UV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"PERL_PRIgldbl"\n",
7630 SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
7632 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_dec punt failed to convert '%s' to IOK or NOKp, UV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%"NVgf"\n",
7633 SvPVX_const(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
7637 #endif /* PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV */
7638 sv_setnv(sv,Atof(SvPVX_const(sv)) - 1.0); /* punt */
7641 /* this define is used to eliminate a chunk of duplicated but shared logic
7642 * it has the suffix __SV_C to signal that it isnt API, and isnt meant to be
7643 * used anywhere but here - yves
7645 #define PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(AnSv) \
7648 PL_tmps_stack[++PL_tmps_ix] = (AnSv); \
7652 =for apidoc sv_mortalcopy
7654 Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV (using C<sv_setsv>).
7655 The new SV is marked as mortal. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an
7656 explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
7657 statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_2mortal>.
7662 /* Make a string that will exist for the duration of the expression
7663 * evaluation. Actually, it may have to last longer than that, but
7664 * hopefully we won't free it until it has been assigned to a
7665 * permanent location. */
7668 Perl_sv_mortalcopy(pTHX_ SV *const oldstr)
7674 sv_setsv(sv,oldstr);
7675 PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(sv);
7681 =for apidoc sv_newmortal
7683 Creates a new null SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is
7684 set to 1. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an explicit call to
7685 FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries.
7686 See also C<sv_mortalcopy> and C<sv_2mortal>.
7692 Perl_sv_newmortal(pTHX)
7698 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVs_TEMP;
7699 PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(sv);
7705 =for apidoc newSVpvn_flags
7707 Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
7708 SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
7709 string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
7710 C<len> bytes long. If the C<s> argument is NULL the new SV will be undefined.
7711 Currently the only flag bits accepted are C<SVf_UTF8> and C<SVs_TEMP>.
7712 If C<SVs_TEMP> is set, then C<sv2mortal()> is called on the result before
7713 returning. If C<SVf_UTF8> is set, C<s> is considered to be in UTF-8 and the
7714 C<SVf_UTF8> flag will be set on the new SV.
7715 C<newSVpvn_utf8()> is a convenience wrapper for this function, defined as
7717 #define newSVpvn_utf8(s, len, u) \
7718 newSVpvn_flags((s), (len), (u) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0)
7724 Perl_newSVpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *const s, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
7729 /* All the flags we don't support must be zero.
7730 And we're new code so I'm going to assert this from the start. */
7731 assert(!(flags & ~(SVf_UTF8|SVs_TEMP)));
7733 sv_setpvn(sv,s,len);
7735 /* This code used to a sv_2mortal(), however we now unroll the call to sv_2mortal()
7736 * and do what it does outselves here.
7737 * Since we have asserted that flags can only have the SVf_UTF8 and/or SVs_TEMP flags
7738 * set above we can use it to enable the sv flags directly (bypassing SvTEMP_on), which
7739 * in turn means we dont need to mask out the SVf_UTF8 flag below, which means that we
7740 * eleminate quite a few steps than it looks - Yves (explaining patch by gfx)
7743 SvFLAGS(sv) |= flags;
7745 if(flags & SVs_TEMP){
7746 PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(sv);
7753 =for apidoc sv_2mortal
7755 Marks an existing SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed "soon", either
7756 by an explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
7757 statement boundaries. SvTEMP() is turned on which means that the SV's
7758 string buffer can be "stolen" if this SV is copied. See also C<sv_newmortal>
7759 and C<sv_mortalcopy>.
7765 Perl_sv_2mortal(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
7770 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvIMMORTAL(sv))
7772 PUSH_EXTEND_MORTAL__SV_C(sv);
7780 Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
7781 SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
7782 strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
7788 Perl_newSVpv(pTHX_ const char *const s, const STRLEN len)
7794 sv_setpvn(sv, s, len || s == NULL ? len : strlen(s));
7799 =for apidoc newSVpvn
7801 Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
7802 SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
7803 string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
7804 C<len> bytes long. If the C<s> argument is NULL the new SV will be undefined.
7810 Perl_newSVpvn(pTHX_ const char *const s, const STRLEN len)
7816 sv_setpvn(sv,s,len);
7821 =for apidoc newSVhek
7823 Creates a new SV from the hash key structure. It will generate scalars that
7824 point to the shared string table where possible. Returns a new (undefined)
7825 SV if the hek is NULL.
7831 Perl_newSVhek(pTHX_ const HEK *const hek)
7841 if (HEK_LEN(hek) == HEf_SVKEY) {
7842 return newSVsv(*(SV**)HEK_KEY(hek));
7844 const int flags = HEK_FLAGS(hek);
7845 if (flags & HVhek_WASUTF8) {
7847 Andreas would like keys he put in as utf8 to come back as utf8
7849 STRLEN utf8_len = HEK_LEN(hek);
7850 const U8 *as_utf8 = bytes_to_utf8 ((U8*)HEK_KEY(hek), &utf8_len);
7851 SV * const sv = newSVpvn ((const char*)as_utf8, utf8_len);
7854 Safefree (as_utf8); /* bytes_to_utf8() allocates a new string */
7856 } else if (flags & (HVhek_REHASH|HVhek_UNSHARED)) {
7857 /* We don't have a pointer to the hv, so we have to replicate the
7858 flag into every HEK. This hv is using custom a hasing
7859 algorithm. Hence we can't return a shared string scalar, as
7860 that would contain the (wrong) hash value, and might get passed
7861 into an hv routine with a regular hash.
7862 Similarly, a hash that isn't using shared hash keys has to have
7863 the flag in every key so that we know not to try to call
7864 share_hek_kek on it. */
7866 SV * const sv = newSVpvn (HEK_KEY(hek), HEK_LEN(hek));
7871 /* This will be overwhelminly the most common case. */
7873 /* Inline most of newSVpvn_share(), because share_hek_hek() is far
7874 more efficient than sharepvn(). */
7878 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
7879 SvPV_set(sv, (char *)HEK_KEY(share_hek_hek(hek)));
7880 SvCUR_set(sv, HEK_LEN(hek));
7893 =for apidoc newSVpvn_share
7895 Creates a new SV with its SvPVX_const pointing to a shared string in the string
7896 table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
7897 first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. If the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that
7898 value is used; otherwise the hash is computed. The string's hash can be later
7899 be retrieved from the SV with the C<SvSHARED_HASH()> macro. The idea here is
7900 that as the string table is used for shared hash keys these strings will have
7901 SvPVX_const == HeKEY and hash lookup will avoid string compare.
7907 Perl_newSVpvn_share(pTHX_ const char *src, I32 len, U32 hash)
7911 bool is_utf8 = FALSE;
7912 const char *const orig_src = src;
7915 STRLEN tmplen = -len;
7917 /* See the note in hv.c:hv_fetch() --jhi */
7918 src = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((const U8*)src, &tmplen, &is_utf8);
7922 PERL_HASH(hash, src, len);
7924 /* The logic for this is inlined in S_mro_get_linear_isa_dfs(), so if it
7925 changes here, update it there too. */
7926 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
7927 SvPV_set(sv, sharepvn(src, is_utf8?-len:len, hash));
7935 if (src != orig_src)
7941 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
7943 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
7944 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
7945 * Don't access this version directly.
7949 Perl_newSVpvf_nocontext(const char *const pat, ...)
7955 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVPVF_NOCONTEXT;
7957 va_start(args, pat);
7958 sv = vnewSVpvf(pat, &args);
7965 =for apidoc newSVpvf
7967 Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
7974 Perl_newSVpvf(pTHX_ const char *const pat, ...)
7979 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVPVF;
7981 va_start(args, pat);
7982 sv = vnewSVpvf(pat, &args);
7987 /* backend for newSVpvf() and newSVpvf_nocontext() */
7990 Perl_vnewSVpvf(pTHX_ const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
7995 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VNEWSVPVF;
7998 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
8005 Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
8006 The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
8012 Perl_newSVnv(pTHX_ const NV n)
8025 Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
8032 Perl_newSViv(pTHX_ const IV i)
8045 Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
8046 The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
8052 Perl_newSVuv(pTHX_ const UV u)
8063 =for apidoc newSV_type
8065 Creates a new SV, of the type specified. The reference count for the new SV
8072 Perl_newSV_type(pTHX_ const svtype type)
8077 sv_upgrade(sv, type);
8082 =for apidoc newRV_noinc
8084 Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
8085 SV is B<not> incremented.
8091 Perl_newRV_noinc(pTHX_ SV *const tmpRef)
8094 register SV *sv = newSV_type(SVt_IV);
8096 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWRV_NOINC;
8099 SvRV_set(sv, tmpRef);
8104 /* newRV_inc is the official function name to use now.
8105 * newRV_inc is in fact #defined to newRV in sv.h
8109 Perl_newRV(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
8113 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWRV;
8115 return newRV_noinc(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(sv));
8121 Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
8128 Perl_newSVsv(pTHX_ register SV *const old)
8135 if (SvTYPE(old) == SVTYPEMASK) {
8136 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string");
8140 /* SV_GMAGIC is the default for sv_setv()
8141 SV_NOSTEAL prevents TEMP buffers being, well, stolen, and saves games
8142 with SvTEMP_off and SvTEMP_on round a call to sv_setsv. */
8143 sv_setsv_flags(sv, old, SV_GMAGIC | SV_NOSTEAL);
8148 =for apidoc sv_reset
8150 Underlying implementation for the C<reset> Perl function.
8151 Note that the perl-level function is vaguely deprecated.
8157 Perl_sv_reset(pTHX_ register const char *s, HV *const stash)
8160 char todo[PERL_UCHAR_MAX+1];
8162 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_RESET;
8167 if (!*s) { /* reset ?? searches */
8168 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
8170 const U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
8171 PMOP **pmp = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
8172 PMOP *const *const end = pmp + count;
8176 SvREADONLY_off(PL_regex_pad[(*pmp)->op_pmoffset]);
8178 (*pmp)->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_USED;
8186 /* reset variables */
8188 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
8191 Zero(todo, 256, char);
8194 I32 i = (unsigned char)*s;
8198 max = (unsigned char)*s++;
8199 for ( ; i <= max; i++) {
8202 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
8204 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i];
8206 entry = HeNEXT(entry))
8211 if (!todo[(U8)*HeKEY(entry)])
8213 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
8216 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
8217 if (!SvREADONLY(sv) && SvROK(sv))
8219 /* XXX Is this continue a bug? Why should THINKFIRST
8220 exempt us from resetting arrays and hashes? */
8224 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PV) {
8226 if (SvPVX_const(sv) != NULL)
8234 if (GvHV(gv) && !HvNAME_get(GvHV(gv))) {
8236 Perl_die(aTHX_ "Can't reset %%ENV on this system");
8239 # if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY)
8242 # endif /* USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY */
8253 Using various gambits, try to get an IO from an SV: the IO slot if its a
8254 GV; or the recursive result if we're an RV; or the IO slot of the symbol
8255 named after the PV if we're a string.
8261 Perl_sv_2io(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
8266 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2IO;
8268 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
8270 io = MUTABLE_IO(sv);
8273 if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
8274 gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
8277 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad filehandle: %s", GvNAME(gv));
8283 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "filehandle");
8285 return sv_2io(SvRV(sv));
8286 gv = gv_fetchsv(sv, 0, SVt_PVIO);
8292 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad filehandle: %"SVf, SVfARG(sv));
8301 Using various gambits, try to get a CV from an SV; in addition, try if
8302 possible to set C<*st> and C<*gvp> to the stash and GV associated with it.
8303 The flags in C<lref> are passed to gv_fetchsv.
8309 Perl_sv_2cv(pTHX_ SV *sv, HV **const st, GV **const gvp, const I32 lref)
8315 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_2CV;
8322 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
8326 return MUTABLE_CV(sv);
8333 if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
8334 gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
8343 SV * const *sp = &sv; /* Used in tryAMAGICunDEREF macro. */
8345 tryAMAGICunDEREF(to_cv);
8348 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVCV) {
8349 cv = MUTABLE_CV(sv);
8354 else if(isGV_with_GP(sv))
8355 gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
8357 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Not a subroutine reference");
8359 else if (isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
8361 gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
8364 gv = gv_fetchsv(sv, lref, SVt_PVCV); /* Calls get magic */
8370 /* Some flags to gv_fetchsv mean don't really create the GV */
8371 if (!isGV_with_GP(gv)) {
8377 if (lref && !GvCVu(gv)) {
8381 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
8382 /* XXX this is probably not what they think they're getting.
8383 * It has the same effect as "sub name;", i.e. just a forward
8385 newSUB(start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
8386 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, tmpsv),
8390 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unable to create sub named \"%"SVf"\"",
8391 SVfARG(SvOK(sv) ? sv : &PL_sv_no));
8400 Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
8401 Use the C<SvTRUE> macro instead, which may call C<sv_true()> or may
8402 instead use an in-line version.
8408 Perl_sv_true(pTHX_ register SV *const sv)
8413 register const XPV* const tXpv = (XPV*)SvANY(sv);
8415 (tXpv->xpv_cur > 1 ||
8416 (tXpv->xpv_cur && *sv->sv_u.svu_pv != '0')))
8423 return SvIVX(sv) != 0;
8426 return SvNVX(sv) != 0.0;
8428 return sv_2bool(sv);
8434 =for apidoc sv_pvn_force
8436 Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
8437 A private implementation of the C<SvPV_force> macro for compilers which
8438 can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
8440 =for apidoc sv_pvn_force_flags
8442 Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
8443 If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if
8444 appropriate, else not. C<sv_pvn_force> and C<sv_pvn_force_nomg> are
8445 implemented in terms of this function.
8446 You normally want to use the various wrapper macros instead: see
8447 C<SvPV_force> and C<SvPV_force_nomg>
8453 Perl_sv_pvn_force_flags(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp, const I32 flags)
8457 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_PVN_FORCE_FLAGS;
8459 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv) && !SvROK(sv))
8460 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
8470 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !(flags & SV_MUTABLE_RETURN)) {
8471 const char * const ref = sv_reftype(sv,0);
8473 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce readonly %s to string in %s",
8474 ref, OP_DESC(PL_op));
8476 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce readonly %s to string", ref);
8478 if ((SvTYPE(sv) > SVt_PVLV && SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVFM)
8479 || isGV_with_GP(sv))
8480 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to string in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
8482 s = sv_2pv_flags(sv, &len, flags);
8486 if (s != SvPVX_const(sv)) { /* Almost, but not quite, sv_setpvn() */
8489 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV); /* Never FALSE */
8490 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
8491 Move(s,SvPVX(sv),len,char);
8493 SvPVX(sv)[len] = '\0';
8496 SvPOK_on(sv); /* validate pointer */
8498 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2pv(%s)\n",
8499 PTR2UV(sv),SvPVX_const(sv)));
8502 return SvPVX_mutable(sv);
8506 =for apidoc sv_pvbyten_force
8508 The backend for the C<SvPVbytex_force> macro. Always use the macro instead.
8514 Perl_sv_pvbyten_force(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp)
8516 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_PVBYTEN_FORCE;
8518 sv_pvn_force(sv,lp);
8519 sv_utf8_downgrade(sv,0);
8525 =for apidoc sv_pvutf8n_force
8527 The backend for the C<SvPVutf8x_force> macro. Always use the macro instead.
8533 Perl_sv_pvutf8n_force(pTHX_ SV *const sv, STRLEN *const lp)
8535 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_PVUTF8N_FORCE;
8537 sv_pvn_force(sv,lp);
8538 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
8544 =for apidoc sv_reftype
8546 Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.
8552 Perl_sv_reftype(pTHX_ const SV *const sv, const int ob)
8554 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_REFTYPE;
8556 /* The fact that I don't need to downcast to char * everywhere, only in ?:
8557 inside return suggests a const propagation bug in g++. */
8558 if (ob && SvOBJECT(sv)) {
8559 char * const name = HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(sv));
8560 return name ? name : (char *) "__ANON__";
8563 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
8578 case SVt_PVLV: return (char *) (SvROK(sv) ? "REF"
8579 /* tied lvalues should appear to be
8580 * scalars for backwards compatitbility */
8581 : (LvTYPE(sv) == 't' || LvTYPE(sv) == 'T')
8582 ? "SCALAR" : "LVALUE");
8583 case SVt_PVAV: return "ARRAY";
8584 case SVt_PVHV: return "HASH";
8585 case SVt_PVCV: return "CODE";
8586 case SVt_PVGV: return (char *) (isGV_with_GP(sv)
8587 ? "GLOB" : "SCALAR");
8588 case SVt_PVFM: return "FORMAT";
8589 case SVt_PVIO: return "IO";
8590 case SVt_BIND: return "BIND";
8591 case SVt_REGEXP: return "REGEXP";
8592 default: return "UNKNOWN";
8598 =for apidoc sv_isobject
8600 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
8601 object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
8608 Perl_sv_isobject(pTHX_ SV *sv)
8624 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
8625 class. This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
8626 an inheritance relationship.
8632 Perl_sv_isa(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *const name)
8636 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_ISA;
8646 hvname = HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(sv));
8650 return strEQ(hvname, name);
8656 Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
8657 it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
8658 be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
8659 reference count is 1.
8665 Perl_newSVrv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname)
8670 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVRV;
8674 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP(rv);
8675 (void)SvAMAGIC_off(rv);
8677 if (SvTYPE(rv) >= SVt_PVMG) {
8678 const U32 refcnt = SvREFCNT(rv);
8682 SvREFCNT(rv) = refcnt;
8684 sv_upgrade(rv, SVt_IV);
8685 } else if (SvROK(rv)) {
8686 SvREFCNT_dec(SvRV(rv));
8688 prepare_SV_for_RV(rv);
8696 HV* const stash = gv_stashpv(classname, GV_ADD);
8697 (void)sv_bless(rv, stash);
8703 =for apidoc sv_setref_pv
8705 Copies a pointer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
8706 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
8707 the new SV. If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
8708 into the SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
8709 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
8710 will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
8712 Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
8713 objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
8715 Note that C<sv_setref_pvn> copies the string while this copies the pointer.
8721 Perl_sv_setref_pv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname, void *const pv)
8725 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_PV;
8728 sv_setsv(rv, &PL_sv_undef);
8732 sv_setiv(newSVrv(rv,classname), PTR2IV(pv));
8737 =for apidoc sv_setref_iv
8739 Copies an integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
8740 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
8741 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
8742 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
8743 will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
8749 Perl_sv_setref_iv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname, const IV iv)
8751 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_IV;
8753 sv_setiv(newSVrv(rv,classname), iv);
8758 =for apidoc sv_setref_uv
8760 Copies an unsigned integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
8761 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
8762 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
8763 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
8764 will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
8770 Perl_sv_setref_uv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname, const UV uv)
8772 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_UV;
8774 sv_setuv(newSVrv(rv,classname), uv);
8779 =for apidoc sv_setref_nv
8781 Copies a double into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
8782 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
8783 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
8784 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
8785 will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
8791 Perl_sv_setref_nv(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname, const NV nv)
8793 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_NV;
8795 sv_setnv(newSVrv(rv,classname), nv);
8800 =for apidoc sv_setref_pvn
8802 Copies a string into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The length of the
8803 string must be specified with C<n>. The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
8804 an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The C<classname>
8805 argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set C<classname> to
8806 C<NULL> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will have a reference count
8807 of 1, and the RV will be returned.
8809 Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.
8815 Perl_sv_setref_pvn(pTHX_ SV *const rv, const char *const classname,
8816 const char *const pv, const STRLEN n)
8818 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETREF_PVN;
8820 sv_setpvn(newSVrv(rv,classname), pv, n);
8825 =for apidoc sv_bless
8827 Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV. The package
8828 must be designated by its stash (see C<gv_stashpv()>). The reference count
8829 of the SV is unaffected.
8835 Perl_sv_bless(pTHX_ SV *const sv, HV *const stash)
8840 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_BLESS;
8843 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't bless non-reference value");
8845 if (SvFLAGS(tmpRef) & (SVs_OBJECT|SVf_READONLY)) {
8846 if (SvIsCOW(tmpRef))
8847 sv_force_normal_flags(tmpRef, 0);
8848 if (SvREADONLY(tmpRef))
8849 Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
8850 if (SvOBJECT(tmpRef)) {
8851 if (SvTYPE(tmpRef) != SVt_PVIO)
8853 SvREFCNT_dec(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
8856 SvOBJECT_on(tmpRef);
8857 if (SvTYPE(tmpRef) != SVt_PVIO)
8859 SvUPGRADE(tmpRef, SVt_PVMG);
8860 SvSTASH_set(tmpRef, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(stash)));
8865 (void)SvAMAGIC_off(sv);
8867 if(SvSMAGICAL(tmpRef))
8868 if(mg_find(tmpRef, PERL_MAGIC_ext) || mg_find(tmpRef, PERL_MAGIC_uvar))
8876 /* Downgrades a PVGV to a PVMG.
8880 S_sv_unglob(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
8885 SV * const temp = sv_newmortal();
8887 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UNGLOB;
8889 assert(SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV);
8891 gv_efullname3(temp, MUTABLE_GV(sv), "*");
8894 if(GvCVu((const GV *)sv) && (stash = GvSTASH(MUTABLE_GV(sv)))
8895 && HvNAME_get(stash))
8896 mro_method_changed_in(stash);
8897 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
8900 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(GvSTASH(sv)), sv);
8904 if (GvNAME_HEK(sv)) {
8905 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(sv));
8907 isGV_with_GP_off(sv);
8909 /* need to keep SvANY(sv) in the right arena */
8910 xpvmg = new_XPVMG();
8911 StructCopy(SvANY(sv), xpvmg, XPVMG);
8912 del_XPVGV(SvANY(sv));
8915 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVTYPEMASK;
8916 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVt_PVMG;
8918 /* Intentionally not calling any local SET magic, as this isn't so much a
8919 set operation as merely an internal storage change. */
8920 sv_setsv_flags(sv, temp, 0);
8924 =for apidoc sv_unref_flags
8926 Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
8927 whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
8928 as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. The C<cflags> argument can contain
8929 C<SV_IMMEDIATE_UNREF> to force the reference count to be decremented
8930 (otherwise the decrementing is conditional on the reference count being
8931 different from one or the reference being a readonly SV).
8938 Perl_sv_unref_flags(pTHX_ SV *const ref, const U32 flags)
8940 SV* const target = SvRV(ref);
8942 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UNREF_FLAGS;
8944 if (SvWEAKREF(ref)) {
8945 sv_del_backref(target, ref);
8947 SvRV_set(ref, NULL);
8950 SvRV_set(ref, NULL);
8952 /* You can't have a || SvREADONLY(target) here, as $a = $$a, where $a was
8953 assigned to as BEGIN {$a = \"Foo"} will fail. */
8954 if (SvREFCNT(target) != 1 || (flags & SV_IMMEDIATE_UNREF))
8955 SvREFCNT_dec(target);
8956 else /* XXX Hack, but hard to make $a=$a->[1] work otherwise */
8957 sv_2mortal(target); /* Schedule for freeing later */
8961 =for apidoc sv_untaint
8963 Untaint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_off> instead.
8968 Perl_sv_untaint(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
8970 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_UNTAINT;
8972 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
8973 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_taint);
8980 =for apidoc sv_tainted
8982 Test an SV for taintedness. Use C<SvTAINTED> instead.
8987 Perl_sv_tainted(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
8989 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_TAINTED;
8991 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
8992 const MAGIC * const mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_taint);
8993 if (mg && (mg->mg_len & 1) )
9000 =for apidoc sv_setpviv
9002 Copies an integer into the given SV, also updating its string value.
9003 Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpviv_mg>.
9009 Perl_sv_setpviv(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const IV iv)
9011 char buf[TYPE_CHARS(UV)];
9013 char * const ptr = uiv_2buf(buf, iv, 0, 0, &ebuf);
9015 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVIV;
9017 sv_setpvn(sv, ptr, ebuf - ptr);
9021 =for apidoc sv_setpviv_mg
9023 Like C<sv_setpviv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9029 Perl_sv_setpviv_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const IV iv)
9031 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVIV_MG;
9037 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
9039 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
9040 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
9041 * Don't access this version directly.
9045 Perl_sv_setpvf_nocontext(SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9050 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVF_NOCONTEXT;
9052 va_start(args, pat);
9053 sv_vsetpvf(sv, pat, &args);
9057 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
9058 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
9059 * Don't access this version directly.
9063 Perl_sv_setpvf_mg_nocontext(SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9068 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVF_MG_NOCONTEXT;
9070 va_start(args, pat);
9071 sv_vsetpvf_mg(sv, pat, &args);
9077 =for apidoc sv_setpvf
9079 Works like C<sv_catpvf> but copies the text into the SV instead of
9080 appending it. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
9086 Perl_sv_setpvf(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9090 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVF;
9092 va_start(args, pat);
9093 sv_vsetpvf(sv, pat, &args);
9098 =for apidoc sv_vsetpvf
9100 Works like C<sv_vcatpvf> but copies the text into the SV instead of
9101 appending it. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_vsetpvf_mg>.
9103 Usually used via its frontend C<sv_setpvf>.
9109 Perl_sv_vsetpvf(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
9111 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VSETPVF;
9113 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
9117 =for apidoc sv_setpvf_mg
9119 Like C<sv_setpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9125 Perl_sv_setpvf_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9129 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_SETPVF_MG;
9131 va_start(args, pat);
9132 sv_vsetpvf_mg(sv, pat, &args);
9137 =for apidoc sv_vsetpvf_mg
9139 Like C<sv_vsetpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9141 Usually used via its frontend C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
9147 Perl_sv_vsetpvf_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
9149 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VSETPVF_MG;
9151 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
9155 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
9157 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
9158 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
9159 * Don't access this version directly.
9163 Perl_sv_catpvf_nocontext(SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9168 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVF_NOCONTEXT;
9170 va_start(args, pat);
9171 sv_vcatpvf(sv, pat, &args);
9175 /* pTHX_ magic can't cope with varargs, so this is a no-context
9176 * version of the main function, (which may itself be aliased to us).
9177 * Don't access this version directly.
9181 Perl_sv_catpvf_mg_nocontext(SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9186 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVF_MG_NOCONTEXT;
9188 va_start(args, pat);
9189 sv_vcatpvf_mg(sv, pat, &args);
9195 =for apidoc sv_catpvf
9197 Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and appends the formatted
9198 output to an SV. If the appended data contains "wide" characters
9199 (including, but not limited to, SVs with a UTF-8 PV formatted with %s,
9200 and characters >255 formatted with %c), the original SV might get
9201 upgraded to UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See
9202 C<sv_catpvf_mg>. If the original SV was UTF-8, the pattern should be
9203 valid UTF-8; if the original SV was bytes, the pattern should be too.
9208 Perl_sv_catpvf(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9212 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVF;
9214 va_start(args, pat);
9215 sv_vcatpvf(sv, pat, &args);
9220 =for apidoc sv_vcatpvf
9222 Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
9223 to an SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_vcatpvf_mg>.
9225 Usually used via its frontend C<sv_catpvf>.
9231 Perl_sv_vcatpvf(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
9233 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VCATPVF;
9235 sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
9239 =for apidoc sv_catpvf_mg
9241 Like C<sv_catpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9247 Perl_sv_catpvf_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, ...)
9251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CATPVF_MG;
9253 va_start(args, pat);
9254 sv_vcatpvf_mg(sv, pat, &args);
9259 =for apidoc sv_vcatpvf_mg
9261 Like C<sv_vcatpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
9263 Usually used via its frontend C<sv_catpvf_mg>.
9269 Perl_sv_vcatpvf_mg(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, va_list *const args)
9271 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VCATPVF_MG;
9273 sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
9278 =for apidoc sv_vsetpvfn
9280 Works like C<sv_vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
9283 Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_vsetpvf> and C<sv_vsetpvf_mg>.
9289 Perl_sv_vsetpvfn(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, const STRLEN patlen,
9290 va_list *const args, SV **const svargs, const I32 svmax, bool *const maybe_tainted)
9292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VSETPVFN;
9295 sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, maybe_tainted);
9300 * Warn of missing argument to sprintf, and then return a defined value
9301 * to avoid inappropriate "use of uninit" warnings [perl #71000].
9303 #define WARN_MISSING WARN_UNINITIALIZED /* Not sure we want a new category */
9305 S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(pTHX) {
9306 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISSING)) {
9307 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISSING), "Missing argument in %s",
9308 PL_op ? OP_DESC(PL_op) : "sv_vcatpvfn()");
9315 S_expect_number(pTHX_ char **const pattern)
9320 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_EXPECT_NUMBER;
9322 switch (**pattern) {
9323 case '1': case '2': case '3':
9324 case '4': case '5': case '6':
9325 case '7': case '8': case '9':
9326 var = *(*pattern)++ - '0';
9327 while (isDIGIT(**pattern)) {
9328 const I32 tmp = var * 10 + (*(*pattern)++ - '0');
9330 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Integer overflow in format string for %s", (PL_op ? OP_DESC(PL_op) : "sv_vcatpvfn"));
9338 S_F0convert(NV nv, char *const endbuf, STRLEN *const len)
9340 const int neg = nv < 0;
9343 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_F0CONVERT;
9351 if (uv & 1 && uv == nv)
9352 uv--; /* Round to even */
9354 const unsigned dig = uv % 10;
9367 =for apidoc sv_vcatpvfn
9369 Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
9370 to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
9371 missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
9372 C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
9375 Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_vcatpvf> and C<sv_vcatpvf_mg>.
9381 #define VECTORIZE_ARGS vecsv = va_arg(*args, SV*);\
9382 vecstr = (U8*)SvPV_const(vecsv,veclen);\
9383 vec_utf8 = DO_UTF8(vecsv);
9385 /* XXX maybe_tainted is never assigned to, so the doc above is lying. */
9388 Perl_sv_vcatpvfn(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const pat, const STRLEN patlen,
9389 va_list *const args, SV **const svargs, const I32 svmax, bool *const maybe_tainted)
9397 static const char nullstr[] = "(null)";
9399 bool has_utf8 = DO_UTF8(sv); /* has the result utf8? */
9400 const bool pat_utf8 = has_utf8; /* the pattern is in utf8? */
9402 /* Times 4: a decimal digit takes more than 3 binary digits.
9403 * NV_DIG: mantissa takes than many decimal digits.
9404 * Plus 32: Playing safe. */
9405 char ebuf[IV_DIG * 4 + NV_DIG + 32];
9406 /* large enough for "%#.#f" --chip */
9407 /* what about long double NVs? --jhi */
9409 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_VCATPVFN;
9410 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(maybe_tainted);
9412 /* no matter what, this is a string now */
9413 (void)SvPV_force(sv, origlen);
9415 /* special-case "", "%s", and "%-p" (SVf - see below) */
9418 if (patlen == 2 && pat[0] == '%' && pat[1] == 's') {
9420 const char * const s = va_arg(*args, char*);
9421 sv_catpv(sv, s ? s : nullstr);
9423 else if (svix < svmax) {
9424 sv_catsv(sv, *svargs);
9427 S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
9430 if (args && patlen == 3 && pat[0] == '%' &&
9431 pat[1] == '-' && pat[2] == 'p') {
9432 argsv = MUTABLE_SV(va_arg(*args, void*));
9433 sv_catsv(sv, argsv);
9437 #ifndef USE_LONG_DOUBLE
9438 /* special-case "%.<number>[gf]" */
9439 if ( !args && patlen <= 5 && pat[0] == '%' && pat[1] == '.'
9440 && (pat[patlen-1] == 'g' || pat[patlen-1] == 'f') ) {
9441 unsigned digits = 0;
9445 while (*pp >= '0' && *pp <= '9')
9446 digits = 10 * digits + (*pp++ - '0');
9447 if (pp - pat == (int)patlen - 1 && svix < svmax) {
9448 const NV nv = SvNV(*svargs);
9450 /* Add check for digits != 0 because it seems that some
9451 gconverts are buggy in this case, and we don't yet have
9452 a Configure test for this. */
9453 if (digits && digits < sizeof(ebuf) - NV_DIG - 10) {
9454 /* 0, point, slack */
9455 Gconvert(nv, (int)digits, 0, ebuf);
9457 if (*ebuf) /* May return an empty string for digits==0 */
9460 } else if (!digits) {
9463 if ((p = F0convert(nv, ebuf + sizeof ebuf, &l))) {
9464 sv_catpvn(sv, p, l);
9470 #endif /* !USE_LONG_DOUBLE */
9472 if (!args && svix < svmax && DO_UTF8(*svargs))
9475 patend = (char*)pat + patlen;
9476 for (p = (char*)pat; p < patend; p = q) {
9479 bool vectorize = FALSE;
9480 bool vectorarg = FALSE;
9481 bool vec_utf8 = FALSE;
9487 bool has_precis = FALSE;
9489 const I32 osvix = svix;
9490 bool is_utf8 = FALSE; /* is this item utf8? */
9491 #ifdef HAS_LDBL_SPRINTF_BUG
9492 /* This is to try to fix a bug with irix/nonstop-ux/powerux and
9493 with sfio - Allen <allens@cpan.org> */
9494 bool fix_ldbl_sprintf_bug = FALSE;
9498 U8 utf8buf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
9499 STRLEN esignlen = 0;
9501 const char *eptr = NULL;
9502 const char *fmtstart;
9505 const U8 *vecstr = NULL;
9512 /* we need a long double target in case HAS_LONG_DOUBLE but
9515 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && LONG_DOUBLESIZE > DOUBLESIZE
9523 const char *dotstr = ".";
9524 STRLEN dotstrlen = 1;
9525 I32 efix = 0; /* explicit format parameter index */
9526 I32 ewix = 0; /* explicit width index */
9527 I32 epix = 0; /* explicit precision index */
9528 I32 evix = 0; /* explicit vector index */
9529 bool asterisk = FALSE;
9531 /* echo everything up to the next format specification */
9532 for (q = p; q < patend && *q != '%'; ++q) ;
9534 if (has_utf8 && !pat_utf8)
9535 sv_catpvn_utf8_upgrade(sv, p, q - p, nsv);
9537 sv_catpvn(sv, p, q - p);
9546 We allow format specification elements in this order:
9547 \d+\$ explicit format parameter index
9549 v|\*(\d+\$)?v vector with optional (optionally specified) arg
9550 0 flag (as above): repeated to allow "v02"
9551 \d+|\*(\d+\$)? width using optional (optionally specified) arg
9552 \.(\d*|\*(\d+\$)?) precision using optional (optionally specified) arg
9554 [%bcdefginopsuxDFOUX] format (mandatory)
9559 As of perl5.9.3, printf format checking is on by default.
9560 Internally, perl uses %p formats to provide an escape to
9561 some extended formatting. This block deals with those
9562 extensions: if it does not match, (char*)q is reset and
9563 the normal format processing code is used.
9565 Currently defined extensions are:
9566 %p include pointer address (standard)
9567 %-p (SVf) include an SV (previously %_)
9568 %-<num>p include an SV with precision <num>
9569 %<num>p reserved for future extensions
9571 Robin Barker 2005-07-14
9573 %1p (VDf) removed. RMB 2007-10-19
9580 n = expect_number(&q);
9587 argsv = MUTABLE_SV(va_arg(*args, void*));
9588 eptr = SvPV_const(argsv, elen);
9594 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
9595 "internal %%<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions");
9601 if ( (width = expect_number(&q)) ) {
9616 if (plus == '+' && *q == ' ') /* '+' over ' ' */
9645 if ( (ewix = expect_number(&q)) )
9654 if ((vectorarg = asterisk)) {
9667 width = expect_number(&q);
9673 vecsv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
9675 vecsv = (evix > 0 && evix <= svmax)
9676 ? svargs[evix-1] : S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
9678 vecsv = svix < svmax
9679 ? svargs[svix++] : S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
9681 dotstr = SvPV_const(vecsv, dotstrlen);
9682 /* Keep the DO_UTF8 test *after* the SvPV call, else things go
9683 bad with tied or overloaded values that return UTF8. */
9686 else if (has_utf8) {
9687 vecsv = sv_mortalcopy(vecsv);
9688 sv_utf8_upgrade(vecsv);
9689 dotstr = SvPV_const(vecsv, dotstrlen);
9696 else if (efix ? (efix > 0 && efix <= svmax) : svix < svmax) {
9697 vecsv = svargs[efix ? efix-1 : svix++];
9698 vecstr = (U8*)SvPV_const(vecsv,veclen);
9699 vec_utf8 = DO_UTF8(vecsv);
9701 /* if this is a version object, we need to convert
9702 * back into v-string notation and then let the
9703 * vectorize happen normally
9705 if (sv_derived_from(vecsv, "version")) {
9706 char *version = savesvpv(vecsv);
9707 if ( hv_exists(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(vecsv)), "alpha", 5 ) ) {
9708 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
9709 "vector argument not supported with alpha versions");
9712 vecsv = sv_newmortal();
9713 scan_vstring(version, version + veclen, vecsv);
9714 vecstr = (U8*)SvPV_const(vecsv, veclen);
9715 vec_utf8 = DO_UTF8(vecsv);
9727 i = va_arg(*args, int);
9729 i = (ewix ? ewix <= svmax : svix < svmax) ?
9730 SvIVx(svargs[ewix ? ewix-1 : svix++]) : 0;
9732 width = (i < 0) ? -i : i;
9742 if ( ((epix = expect_number(&q))) && (*q++ != '$') )
9744 /* XXX: todo, support specified precision parameter */
9748 i = va_arg(*args, int);
9750 i = (ewix ? ewix <= svmax : svix < svmax)
9751 ? SvIVx(svargs[ewix ? ewix-1 : svix++]) : 0;
9753 has_precis = !(i < 0);
9758 precis = precis * 10 + (*q++ - '0');
9767 case 'I': /* Ix, I32x, and I64x */
9769 if (q[1] == '6' && q[2] == '4') {
9775 if (q[1] == '3' && q[2] == '2') {
9785 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) || defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE)
9796 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) || defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE)
9797 if (*(q + 1) == 'l') { /* lld, llf */
9823 if (!vectorize && !args) {
9825 const I32 i = efix-1;
9826 argsv = (i >= 0 && i < svmax)
9827 ? svargs[i] : S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
9829 argsv = (svix >= 0 && svix < svmax)
9830 ? svargs[svix++] : S_vcatpvfn_missing_argument(aTHX);
9841 uv = (args) ? va_arg(*args, int) : SvIV(argsv);
9843 (!UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv) && SvUTF8(sv)))
9845 eptr = (char*)utf8buf;
9846 elen = uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)eptr, uv) - utf8buf;
9860 eptr = va_arg(*args, char*);
9862 elen = strlen(eptr);
9864 eptr = (char *)nullstr;
9865 elen = sizeof nullstr - 1;
9869 eptr = SvPV_const(argsv, elen);
9870 if (DO_UTF8(argsv)) {
9871 STRLEN old_precis = precis;
9872 if (has_precis && precis < elen) {
9873 STRLEN ulen = sv_len_utf8(argsv);
9874 I32 p = precis > ulen ? ulen : precis;
9875 sv_pos_u2b(argsv, &p, 0); /* sticks at end */
9878 if (width) { /* fudge width (can't fudge elen) */
9879 if (has_precis && precis < elen)
9880 width += precis - old_precis;
9882 width += elen - sv_len_utf8(argsv);
9889 if (has_precis && precis < elen)
9896 if (alt || vectorize)
9898 uv = PTR2UV(args ? va_arg(*args, void*) : argsv);
9919 uv = utf8n_to_uvchr(vecstr, veclen, &ulen,
9928 esignbuf[esignlen++] = plus;
9932 case 'h': iv = (short)va_arg(*args, int); break;
9933 case 'l': iv = va_arg(*args, long); break;
9934 case 'V': iv = va_arg(*args, IV); break;
9935 default: iv = va_arg(*args, int); break;
9938 iv = va_arg(*args, Quad_t); break;
9945 IV tiv = SvIV(argsv); /* work around GCC bug #13488 */
9947 case 'h': iv = (short)tiv; break;
9948 case 'l': iv = (long)tiv; break;
9950 default: iv = tiv; break;
9953 iv = (Quad_t)tiv; break;
9959 if ( !vectorize ) /* we already set uv above */
9964 esignbuf[esignlen++] = plus;
9968 esignbuf[esignlen++] = '-';
10012 uv = utf8n_to_uvchr(vecstr, veclen, &ulen,
10023 case 'h': uv = (unsigned short)va_arg(*args, unsigned); break;
10024 case 'l': uv = va_arg(*args, unsigned long); break;
10025 case 'V': uv = va_arg(*args, UV); break;
10026 default: uv = va_arg(*args, unsigned); break;
10029 uv = va_arg(*args, Uquad_t); break;
10036 UV tuv = SvUV(argsv); /* work around GCC bug #13488 */
10038 case 'h': uv = (unsigned short)tuv; break;
10039 case 'l': uv = (unsigned long)tuv; break;
10041 default: uv = tuv; break;
10044 uv = (Uquad_t)tuv; break;
10053 char *ptr = ebuf + sizeof ebuf;
10054 bool tempalt = uv ? alt : FALSE; /* Vectors can't change alt */
10060 p = (char *)((c == 'X') ? PL_hexdigit + 16 : PL_hexdigit);
10064 } while (uv >>= 4);
10066 esignbuf[esignlen++] = '0';
10067 esignbuf[esignlen++] = c; /* 'x' or 'X' */
10073 *--ptr = '0' + dig;
10074 } while (uv >>= 3);
10075 if (alt && *ptr != '0')
10081 *--ptr = '0' + dig;
10082 } while (uv >>= 1);
10084 esignbuf[esignlen++] = '0';
10085 esignbuf[esignlen++] = c;
10088 default: /* it had better be ten or less */
10091 *--ptr = '0' + dig;
10092 } while (uv /= base);
10095 elen = (ebuf + sizeof ebuf) - ptr;
10099 zeros = precis - elen;
10100 else if (precis == 0 && elen == 1 && *eptr == '0'
10101 && !(base == 8 && alt)) /* "%#.0o" prints "0" */
10104 /* a precision nullifies the 0 flag. */
10111 /* FLOATING POINT */
10114 c = 'f'; /* maybe %F isn't supported here */
10116 case 'e': case 'E':
10118 case 'g': case 'G':
10122 /* This is evil, but floating point is even more evil */
10124 /* for SV-style calling, we can only get NV
10125 for C-style calling, we assume %f is double;
10126 for simplicity we allow any of %Lf, %llf, %qf for long double
10130 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
10134 /* [perl #20339] - we should accept and ignore %lf rather than die */
10138 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
10139 intsize = args ? 0 : 'q';
10143 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE)
10152 /* now we need (long double) if intsize == 'q', else (double) */
10154 #if LONG_DOUBLESIZE > DOUBLESIZE
10156 va_arg(*args, long double) :
10157 va_arg(*args, double)
10159 va_arg(*args, double)
10164 /* nv * 0 will be NaN for NaN, +Inf and -Inf, and 0 for anything
10165 else. frexp() has some unspecified behaviour for those three */
10166 if (c != 'e' && c != 'E' && (nv * 0) == 0) {
10168 /* FIXME: if HAS_LONG_DOUBLE but not USE_LONG_DOUBLE this
10169 will cast our (long double) to (double) */
10170 (void)Perl_frexp(nv, &i);
10171 if (i == PERL_INT_MIN)
10172 Perl_die(aTHX_ "panic: frexp");
10174 need = BIT_DIGITS(i);
10176 need += has_precis ? precis : 6; /* known default */
10181 #ifdef HAS_LDBL_SPRINTF_BUG
10182 /* This is to try to fix a bug with irix/nonstop-ux/powerux and
10183 with sfio - Allen <allens@cpan.org> */
10186 # define MY_DBL_MAX DBL_MAX
10187 # else /* XXX guessing! HUGE_VAL may be defined as infinity, so not using */
10188 # if DOUBLESIZE >= 8
10189 # define MY_DBL_MAX 1.7976931348623157E+308L
10191 # define MY_DBL_MAX 3.40282347E+38L
10195 # ifdef HAS_LDBL_SPRINTF_BUG_LESS1 /* only between -1L & 1L - Allen */
10196 # define MY_DBL_MAX_BUG 1L
10198 # define MY_DBL_MAX_BUG MY_DBL_MAX
10202 # define MY_DBL_MIN DBL_MIN
10203 # else /* XXX guessing! -Allen */
10204 # if DOUBLESIZE >= 8
10205 # define MY_DBL_MIN 2.2250738585072014E-308L
10207 # define MY_DBL_MIN 1.17549435E-38L
10211 if ((intsize == 'q') && (c == 'f') &&
10212 ((nv < MY_DBL_MAX_BUG) && (nv > -MY_DBL_MAX_BUG)) &&
10213 (need < DBL_DIG)) {
10214 /* it's going to be short enough that
10215 * long double precision is not needed */
10217 if ((nv <= 0L) && (nv >= -0L))
10218 fix_ldbl_sprintf_bug = TRUE; /* 0 is 0 - easiest */
10220 /* would use Perl_fp_class as a double-check but not
10221 * functional on IRIX - see perl.h comments */
10223 if ((nv >= MY_DBL_MIN) || (nv <= -MY_DBL_MIN)) {
10224 /* It's within the range that a double can represent */
10225 #if defined(DBL_MAX) && !defined(DBL_MIN)
10226 if ((nv >= ((long double)1/DBL_MAX)) ||
10227 (nv <= (-(long double)1/DBL_MAX)))
10229 fix_ldbl_sprintf_bug = TRUE;
10232 if (fix_ldbl_sprintf_bug == TRUE) {
10242 # undef MY_DBL_MAX_BUG
10245 #endif /* HAS_LDBL_SPRINTF_BUG */
10247 need += 20; /* fudge factor */
10248 if (PL_efloatsize < need) {
10249 Safefree(PL_efloatbuf);
10250 PL_efloatsize = need + 20; /* more fudge */
10251 Newx(PL_efloatbuf, PL_efloatsize, char);
10252 PL_efloatbuf[0] = '\0';
10255 if ( !(width || left || plus || alt) && fill != '0'
10256 && has_precis && intsize != 'q' ) { /* Shortcuts */
10257 /* See earlier comment about buggy Gconvert when digits,
10259 if ( c == 'g' && precis) {
10260 Gconvert((NV)nv, (int)precis, 0, PL_efloatbuf);
10261 /* May return an empty string for digits==0 */
10262 if (*PL_efloatbuf) {
10263 elen = strlen(PL_efloatbuf);
10264 goto float_converted;
10266 } else if ( c == 'f' && !precis) {
10267 if ((eptr = F0convert(nv, ebuf + sizeof ebuf, &elen)))
10272 char *ptr = ebuf + sizeof ebuf;
10275 /* FIXME: what to do if HAS_LONG_DOUBLE but not PERL_PRIfldbl? */
10276 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(PERL_PRIfldbl)
10277 if (intsize == 'q') {
10278 /* Copy the one or more characters in a long double
10279 * format before the 'base' ([efgEFG]) character to
10280 * the format string. */
10281 static char const prifldbl[] = PERL_PRIfldbl;
10282 char const *p = prifldbl + sizeof(prifldbl) - 3;
10283 while (p >= prifldbl) { *--ptr = *p--; }
10288 do { *--ptr = '0' + (base % 10); } while (base /= 10);
10293 do { *--ptr = '0' + (base % 10); } while (base /= 10);
10305 /* No taint. Otherwise we are in the strange situation
10306 * where printf() taints but print($float) doesn't.
10308 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE)
10309 elen = ((intsize == 'q')
10310 ? my_snprintf(PL_efloatbuf, PL_efloatsize, ptr, nv)
10311 : my_snprintf(PL_efloatbuf, PL_efloatsize, ptr, (double)nv));
10313 elen = my_sprintf(PL_efloatbuf, ptr, nv);
10317 eptr = PL_efloatbuf;
10325 i = SvCUR(sv) - origlen;
10328 case 'h': *(va_arg(*args, short*)) = i; break;
10329 default: *(va_arg(*args, int*)) = i; break;
10330 case 'l': *(va_arg(*args, long*)) = i; break;
10331 case 'V': *(va_arg(*args, IV*)) = i; break;
10334 *(va_arg(*args, Quad_t*)) = i; break;
10341 sv_setuv_mg(argsv, (UV)i);
10342 continue; /* not "break" */
10349 && (PL_op->op_type == OP_PRTF || PL_op->op_type == OP_SPRINTF)
10350 && ckWARN(WARN_PRINTF))
10352 SV * const msg = sv_newmortal();
10353 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ msg, "Invalid conversion in %sprintf: ",
10354 (PL_op->op_type == OP_PRTF) ? "" : "s");
10355 if (fmtstart < patend) {
10356 const char * const fmtend = q < patend ? q : patend;
10358 sv_catpvs(msg, "\"%");
10359 for (f = fmtstart; f < fmtend; f++) {
10361 sv_catpvn(msg, f, 1);
10363 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg,
10364 "\\%03"UVof, (UV)*f & 0xFF);
10367 sv_catpvs(msg, "\"");
10369 sv_catpvs(msg, "end of string");
10371 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PRINTF), "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)); /* yes, this is reentrant */
10374 /* output mangled stuff ... */
10380 /* ... right here, because formatting flags should not apply */
10381 SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + elen + 1);
10383 Copy(eptr, p, elen, char);
10386 SvCUR_set(sv, p - SvPVX_const(sv));
10388 continue; /* not "break" */
10391 if (is_utf8 != has_utf8) {
10394 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
10397 const STRLEN old_elen = elen;
10398 SV * const nsv = newSVpvn_flags(eptr, elen, SVs_TEMP);
10399 sv_utf8_upgrade(nsv);
10400 eptr = SvPVX_const(nsv);
10403 if (width) { /* fudge width (can't fudge elen) */
10404 width += elen - old_elen;
10410 have = esignlen + zeros + elen;
10412 Perl_croak_nocontext("%s", PL_memory_wrap);
10414 need = (have > width ? have : width);
10417 if (need >= (((STRLEN)~0) - SvCUR(sv) - dotstrlen - 1))
10418 Perl_croak_nocontext("%s", PL_memory_wrap);
10419 SvGROW(sv, SvCUR(sv) + need + dotstrlen + 1);
10421 if (esignlen && fill == '0') {
10423 for (i = 0; i < (int)esignlen; i++)
10424 *p++ = esignbuf[i];
10426 if (gap && !left) {
10427 memset(p, fill, gap);
10430 if (esignlen && fill != '0') {
10432 for (i = 0; i < (int)esignlen; i++)
10433 *p++ = esignbuf[i];
10437 for (i = zeros; i; i--)
10441 Copy(eptr, p, elen, char);
10445 memset(p, ' ', gap);
10450 Copy(dotstr, p, dotstrlen, char);
10454 vectorize = FALSE; /* done iterating over vecstr */
10461 SvCUR_set(sv, p - SvPVX_const(sv));
10470 /* =========================================================================
10472 =head1 Cloning an interpreter
10474 All the macros and functions in this section are for the private use of
10475 the main function, perl_clone().
10477 The foo_dup() functions make an exact copy of an existing foo thingy.
10478 During the course of a cloning, a hash table is used to map old addresses
10479 to new addresses. The table is created and manipulated with the
10480 ptr_table_* functions.
10484 * =========================================================================*/
10487 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
10489 /* XXX Remove this so it doesn't have to go thru the macro and return for nothing */
10490 #ifndef GpREFCNT_inc
10491 # define GpREFCNT_inc(gp) ((gp) ? (++(gp)->gp_refcnt, (gp)) : (GP*)NULL)
10495 /* Certain cases in Perl_ss_dup have been merged, by relying on the fact
10496 that currently av_dup, gv_dup and hv_dup are the same as sv_dup.
10497 If this changes, please unmerge ss_dup.
10498 Likewise, sv_dup_inc_multiple() relies on this fact. */
10499 #define sv_dup_inc_NN(s,t) SvREFCNT_inc_NN(sv_dup_inc(s,t))
10500 #define av_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_AV(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
10501 #define av_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_AV(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
10502 #define hv_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_HV(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
10503 #define hv_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_HV(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
10504 #define cv_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_CV(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
10505 #define cv_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_CV(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
10506 #define io_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_IO(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
10507 #define io_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_IO(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
10508 #define gv_dup(s,t) MUTABLE_GV(sv_dup((const SV *)s,t))
10509 #define gv_dup_inc(s,t) MUTABLE_GV(sv_dup_inc((const SV *)s,t))
10510 #define SAVEPV(p) ((p) ? savepv(p) : NULL)
10511 #define SAVEPVN(p,n) ((p) ? savepvn(p,n) : NULL)
10513 /* clone a parser */
10516 Perl_parser_dup(pTHX_ const yy_parser *const proto, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
10520 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSER_DUP;
10525 /* look for it in the table first */
10526 parser = (yy_parser *)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, proto);
10530 /* create anew and remember what it is */
10531 Newxz(parser, 1, yy_parser);
10532 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, proto, parser);
10534 parser->yyerrstatus = 0;
10535 parser->yychar = YYEMPTY; /* Cause a token to be read. */
10537 /* XXX these not yet duped */
10538 parser->old_parser = NULL;
10539 parser->stack = NULL;
10541 parser->stack_size = 0;
10542 /* XXX parser->stack->state = 0; */
10544 /* XXX eventually, just Copy() most of the parser struct ? */
10546 parser->lex_brackets = proto->lex_brackets;
10547 parser->lex_casemods = proto->lex_casemods;
10548 parser->lex_brackstack = savepvn(proto->lex_brackstack,
10549 (proto->lex_brackets < 120 ? 120 : proto->lex_brackets));
10550 parser->lex_casestack = savepvn(proto->lex_casestack,
10551 (proto->lex_casemods < 12 ? 12 : proto->lex_casemods));
10552 parser->lex_defer = proto->lex_defer;
10553 parser->lex_dojoin = proto->lex_dojoin;
10554 parser->lex_expect = proto->lex_expect;
10555 parser->lex_formbrack = proto->lex_formbrack;
10556 parser->lex_inpat = proto->lex_inpat;
10557 parser->lex_inwhat = proto->lex_inwhat;
10558 parser->lex_op = proto->lex_op;
10559 parser->lex_repl = sv_dup_inc(proto->lex_repl, param);
10560 parser->lex_starts = proto->lex_starts;
10561 parser->lex_stuff = sv_dup_inc(proto->lex_stuff, param);
10562 parser->multi_close = proto->multi_close;
10563 parser->multi_open = proto->multi_open;
10564 parser->multi_start = proto->multi_start;
10565 parser->multi_end = proto->multi_end;
10566 parser->pending_ident = proto->pending_ident;
10567 parser->preambled = proto->preambled;
10568 parser->sublex_info = proto->sublex_info; /* XXX not quite right */
10569 parser->linestr = sv_dup_inc(proto->linestr, param);
10570 parser->expect = proto->expect;
10571 parser->copline = proto->copline;
10572 parser->last_lop_op = proto->last_lop_op;
10573 parser->lex_state = proto->lex_state;
10574 parser->rsfp = fp_dup(proto->rsfp, '<', param);
10575 /* rsfp_filters entries have fake IoDIRP() */
10576 parser->rsfp_filters= av_dup_inc(proto->rsfp_filters, param);
10577 parser->in_my = proto->in_my;
10578 parser->in_my_stash = hv_dup(proto->in_my_stash, param);
10579 parser->error_count = proto->error_count;
10582 parser->linestr = sv_dup_inc(proto->linestr, param);
10585 char * const ols = SvPVX(proto->linestr);
10586 char * const ls = SvPVX(parser->linestr);
10588 parser->bufptr = ls + (proto->bufptr >= ols ?
10589 proto->bufptr - ols : 0);
10590 parser->oldbufptr = ls + (proto->oldbufptr >= ols ?
10591 proto->oldbufptr - ols : 0);
10592 parser->oldoldbufptr= ls + (proto->oldoldbufptr >= ols ?
10593 proto->oldoldbufptr - ols : 0);
10594 parser->linestart = ls + (proto->linestart >= ols ?
10595 proto->linestart - ols : 0);
10596 parser->last_uni = ls + (proto->last_uni >= ols ?
10597 proto->last_uni - ols : 0);
10598 parser->last_lop = ls + (proto->last_lop >= ols ?
10599 proto->last_lop - ols : 0);
10601 parser->bufend = ls + SvCUR(parser->linestr);
10604 Copy(proto->tokenbuf, parser->tokenbuf, 256, char);
10608 parser->endwhite = proto->endwhite;
10609 parser->faketokens = proto->faketokens;
10610 parser->lasttoke = proto->lasttoke;
10611 parser->nextwhite = proto->nextwhite;
10612 parser->realtokenstart = proto->realtokenstart;
10613 parser->skipwhite = proto->skipwhite;
10614 parser->thisclose = proto->thisclose;
10615 parser->thismad = proto->thismad;
10616 parser->thisopen = proto->thisopen;
10617 parser->thisstuff = proto->thisstuff;
10618 parser->thistoken = proto->thistoken;
10619 parser->thiswhite = proto->thiswhite;
10621 Copy(proto->nexttoke, parser->nexttoke, 5, NEXTTOKE);
10622 parser->curforce = proto->curforce;
10624 Copy(proto->nextval, parser->nextval, 5, YYSTYPE);
10625 Copy(proto->nexttype, parser->nexttype, 5, I32);
10626 parser->nexttoke = proto->nexttoke;
10629 /* XXX should clone saved_curcop here, but we aren't passed
10630 * proto_perl; so do it in perl_clone_using instead */
10636 /* duplicate a file handle */
10639 Perl_fp_dup(pTHX_ PerlIO *const fp, const char type, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
10643 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FP_DUP;
10644 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(type);
10647 return (PerlIO*)NULL;
10649 /* look for it in the table first */
10650 ret = (PerlIO*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, fp);
10654 /* create anew and remember what it is */
10655 ret = PerlIO_fdupopen(aTHX_ fp, param, PERLIO_DUP_CLONE);
10656 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, fp, ret);
10660 /* duplicate a directory handle */
10663 Perl_dirp_dup(pTHX_ DIR *const dp)
10665 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
10672 /* duplicate a typeglob */
10675 Perl_gp_dup(pTHX_ GP *const gp, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
10679 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GP_DUP;
10683 /* look for it in the table first */
10684 ret = (GP*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, gp);
10688 /* create anew and remember what it is */
10690 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, gp, ret);
10693 /* ret->gp_refcnt must be 0 before any other dups are called. We're relying
10694 on Newxz() to do this for us. */
10695 ret->gp_sv = sv_dup_inc(gp->gp_sv, param);
10696 ret->gp_io = io_dup_inc(gp->gp_io, param);
10697 ret->gp_form = cv_dup_inc(gp->gp_form, param);
10698 ret->gp_av = av_dup_inc(gp->gp_av, param);
10699 ret->gp_hv = hv_dup_inc(gp->gp_hv, param);
10700 ret->gp_egv = gv_dup(gp->gp_egv, param);/* GvEGV is not refcounted */
10701 ret->gp_cv = cv_dup_inc(gp->gp_cv, param);
10702 ret->gp_cvgen = gp->gp_cvgen;
10703 ret->gp_line = gp->gp_line;
10704 ret->gp_file_hek = hek_dup(gp->gp_file_hek, param);
10708 /* duplicate a chain of magic */
10711 Perl_mg_dup(pTHX_ MAGIC *mg, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
10713 MAGIC *mgret = NULL;
10714 MAGIC **mgprev_p = &mgret;
10716 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MG_DUP;
10718 for (; mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
10720 Newx(nmg, 1, MAGIC);
10722 mgprev_p = &(nmg->mg_moremagic);
10724 /* There was a comment "XXX copy dynamic vtable?" but as we don't have
10725 dynamic vtables, I'm not sure why Sarathy wrote it. The comment dates
10726 from the original commit adding Perl_mg_dup() - revision 4538.
10727 Similarly there is the annotation "XXX random ptr?" next to the
10728 assignment to nmg->mg_ptr. */
10731 /* FIXME for plugins
10732 if (nmg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_qr) {
10733 nmg->mg_obj = MUTABLE_SV(CALLREGDUPE((REGEXP*)nmg->mg_obj, param));
10737 if(nmg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_backref) {
10738 /* The backref AV has its reference count deliberately bumped by
10741 = SvREFCNT_inc(av_dup_inc((const AV *) nmg->mg_obj, param));
10744 nmg->mg_obj = (nmg->mg_flags & MGf_REFCOUNTED)
10745 ? sv_dup_inc(nmg->mg_obj, param)
10746 : sv_dup(nmg->mg_obj, param);
10749 if (nmg->mg_ptr && nmg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_regex_global) {
10750 if (nmg->mg_len > 0) {
10751 nmg->mg_ptr = SAVEPVN(nmg->mg_ptr, nmg->mg_len);
10752 if (nmg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_overload_table &&
10753 AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)nmg->mg_ptr))
10755 AMT * const namtp = (AMT*)nmg->mg_ptr;
10756 sv_dup_inc_multiple((SV**)(namtp->table),
10757 (SV**)(namtp->table), NofAMmeth, param);
10760 else if (nmg->mg_len == HEf_SVKEY)
10761 nmg->mg_ptr = (char*)sv_dup_inc((const SV *)nmg->mg_ptr, param);
10763 if ((nmg->mg_flags & MGf_DUP) && nmg->mg_virtual && nmg->mg_virtual->svt_dup) {
10764 CALL_FPTR(nmg->mg_virtual->svt_dup)(aTHX_ nmg, param);
10770 #endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
10772 struct ptr_tbl_arena {
10773 struct ptr_tbl_arena *next;
10774 struct ptr_tbl_ent array[1023/3]; /* as ptr_tbl_ent has 3 pointers. */
10777 /* create a new pointer-mapping table */
10780 Perl_ptr_table_new(pTHX)
10783 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
10785 Newx(tbl, 1, PTR_TBL_t);
10786 tbl->tbl_max = 511;
10787 tbl->tbl_items = 0;
10788 tbl->tbl_arena = NULL;
10789 tbl->tbl_arena_next = NULL;
10790 tbl->tbl_arena_end = NULL;
10791 Newxz(tbl->tbl_ary, tbl->tbl_max + 1, PTR_TBL_ENT_t*);
10795 #define PTR_TABLE_HASH(ptr) \
10796 ((PTR2UV(ptr) >> 3) ^ (PTR2UV(ptr) >> (3 + 7)) ^ (PTR2UV(ptr) >> (3 + 17)))
10798 /* map an existing pointer using a table */
10800 STATIC PTR_TBL_ENT_t *
10801 S_ptr_table_find(PTR_TBL_t *const tbl, const void *const sv)
10803 PTR_TBL_ENT_t *tblent;
10804 const UV hash = PTR_TABLE_HASH(sv);
10806 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PTR_TABLE_FIND;
10808 tblent = tbl->tbl_ary[hash & tbl->tbl_max];
10809 for (; tblent; tblent = tblent->next) {
10810 if (tblent->oldval == sv)
10817 Perl_ptr_table_fetch(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl, const void *const sv)
10819 PTR_TBL_ENT_t const *const tblent = ptr_table_find(tbl, sv);
10821 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PTR_TABLE_FETCH;
10822 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
10824 return tblent ? tblent->newval : NULL;
10827 /* add a new entry to a pointer-mapping table */
10830 Perl_ptr_table_store(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl, const void *const oldsv, void *const newsv)
10832 PTR_TBL_ENT_t *tblent = ptr_table_find(tbl, oldsv);
10834 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PTR_TABLE_STORE;
10835 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
10838 tblent->newval = newsv;
10840 const UV entry = PTR_TABLE_HASH(oldsv) & tbl->tbl_max;
10842 if (tbl->tbl_arena_next == tbl->tbl_arena_end) {
10843 struct ptr_tbl_arena *new_arena;
10845 Newx(new_arena, 1, struct ptr_tbl_arena);
10846 new_arena->next = tbl->tbl_arena;
10847 tbl->tbl_arena = new_arena;
10848 tbl->tbl_arena_next = new_arena->array;
10849 tbl->tbl_arena_end = new_arena->array
10850 + sizeof(new_arena->array) / sizeof(new_arena->array[0]);
10853 tblent = tbl->tbl_arena_next++;
10855 tblent->oldval = oldsv;
10856 tblent->newval = newsv;
10857 tblent->next = tbl->tbl_ary[entry];
10858 tbl->tbl_ary[entry] = tblent;
10860 if (tblent->next && tbl->tbl_items > tbl->tbl_max)
10861 ptr_table_split(tbl);
10865 /* double the hash bucket size of an existing ptr table */
10868 Perl_ptr_table_split(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl)
10870 PTR_TBL_ENT_t **ary = tbl->tbl_ary;
10871 const UV oldsize = tbl->tbl_max + 1;
10872 UV newsize = oldsize * 2;
10875 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PTR_TABLE_SPLIT;
10876 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
10878 Renew(ary, newsize, PTR_TBL_ENT_t*);
10879 Zero(&ary[oldsize], newsize-oldsize, PTR_TBL_ENT_t*);
10880 tbl->tbl_max = --newsize;
10881 tbl->tbl_ary = ary;
10882 for (i=0; i < oldsize; i++, ary++) {
10883 PTR_TBL_ENT_t **entp = ary;
10884 PTR_TBL_ENT_t *ent = *ary;
10885 PTR_TBL_ENT_t **curentp;
10888 curentp = ary + oldsize;
10890 if ((newsize & PTR_TABLE_HASH(ent->oldval)) != i) {
10892 ent->next = *curentp;
10902 /* remove all the entries from a ptr table */
10903 /* Deprecated - will be removed post 5.14 */
10906 Perl_ptr_table_clear(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl)
10908 if (tbl && tbl->tbl_items) {
10909 struct ptr_tbl_arena *arena = tbl->tbl_arena;
10911 Zero(tbl->tbl_ary, tbl->tbl_max + 1, struct ptr_tbl_ent **);
10914 struct ptr_tbl_arena *next = arena->next;
10920 tbl->tbl_items = 0;
10921 tbl->tbl_arena = NULL;
10922 tbl->tbl_arena_next = NULL;
10923 tbl->tbl_arena_end = NULL;
10927 /* clear and free a ptr table */
10930 Perl_ptr_table_free(pTHX_ PTR_TBL_t *const tbl)
10932 struct ptr_tbl_arena *arena;
10938 arena = tbl->tbl_arena;
10941 struct ptr_tbl_arena *next = arena->next;
10947 Safefree(tbl->tbl_ary);
10951 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
10954 Perl_rvpv_dup(pTHX_ SV *const dstr, const SV *const sstr, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
10956 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RVPV_DUP;
10959 SvRV_set(dstr, SvWEAKREF(sstr)
10960 ? sv_dup(SvRV_const(sstr), param)
10961 : sv_dup_inc(SvRV_const(sstr), param));
10964 else if (SvPVX_const(sstr)) {
10965 /* Has something there */
10967 /* Normal PV - clone whole allocated space */
10968 SvPV_set(dstr, SAVEPVN(SvPVX_const(sstr), SvLEN(sstr)-1));
10969 if (SvREADONLY(sstr) && SvFAKE(sstr)) {
10970 /* Not that normal - actually sstr is copy on write.
10971 But we are a true, independant SV, so: */
10972 SvREADONLY_off(dstr);
10977 /* Special case - not normally malloced for some reason */
10978 if (isGV_with_GP(sstr)) {
10979 /* Don't need to do anything here. */
10981 else if ((SvREADONLY(sstr) && SvFAKE(sstr))) {
10982 /* A "shared" PV - clone it as "shared" PV */
10984 HEK_KEY(hek_dup(SvSHARED_HEK_FROM_PV(SvPVX_const(sstr)),
10988 /* Some other special case - random pointer */
10989 SvPV_set(dstr, (char *) SvPVX_const(sstr));
10994 /* Copy the NULL */
10995 SvPV_set(dstr, NULL);
10999 /* duplicate a list of SVs. source and dest may point to the same memory. */
11001 S_sv_dup_inc_multiple(pTHX_ SV *const *source, SV **dest,
11002 SSize_t items, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11004 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DUP_INC_MULTIPLE;
11006 while (items-- > 0) {
11007 *dest++ = sv_dup_inc(*source++, param);
11013 /* duplicate an SV of any type (including AV, HV etc) */
11016 S_sv_dup_common(pTHX_ const SV *const sstr, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11021 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DUP_COMMON;
11023 if (SvTYPE(sstr) == SVTYPEMASK) {
11024 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS_ABORT
11029 /* look for it in the table first */
11030 dstr = MUTABLE_SV(ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, sstr));
11034 if(param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN) {
11035 /** We are joining here so we don't want do clone
11036 something that is bad **/
11037 if (SvTYPE(sstr) == SVt_PVHV) {
11038 const HEK * const hvname = HvNAME_HEK(sstr);
11040 /** don't clone stashes if they already exist **/
11041 return MUTABLE_SV(gv_stashpvn(HEK_KEY(hvname), HEK_LEN(hvname), 0));
11045 /* create anew and remember what it is */
11048 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
11049 dstr->sv_debug_optype = sstr->sv_debug_optype;
11050 dstr->sv_debug_line = sstr->sv_debug_line;
11051 dstr->sv_debug_inpad = sstr->sv_debug_inpad;
11052 dstr->sv_debug_cloned = 1;
11053 dstr->sv_debug_file = savepv(sstr->sv_debug_file);
11056 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, sstr, dstr);
11059 SvFLAGS(dstr) = SvFLAGS(sstr);
11060 SvFLAGS(dstr) &= ~SVf_OOK; /* don't propagate OOK hack */
11061 SvREFCNT(dstr) = 0; /* must be before any other dups! */
11064 if (SvANY(sstr) && PL_watch_pvx && SvPVX_const(sstr) == PL_watch_pvx)
11065 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "watch at %p hit, found string \"%s\"\n",
11066 (void*)PL_watch_pvx, SvPVX_const(sstr));
11069 /* don't clone objects whose class has asked us not to */
11070 if (SvOBJECT(sstr) && ! (SvFLAGS(SvSTASH(sstr)) & SVphv_CLONEABLE)) {
11075 switch (SvTYPE(sstr)) {
11077 SvANY(dstr) = NULL;
11080 SvANY(dstr) = (XPVIV*)((char*)&(dstr->sv_u.svu_iv) - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
11082 Perl_rvpv_dup(aTHX_ dstr, sstr, param);
11084 SvIV_set(dstr, SvIVX(sstr));
11088 SvANY(dstr) = new_XNV();
11089 SvNV_set(dstr, SvNVX(sstr));
11091 /* case SVt_BIND: */
11094 /* These are all the types that need complex bodies allocating. */
11096 const svtype sv_type = SvTYPE(sstr);
11097 const struct body_details *const sv_type_details
11098 = bodies_by_type + sv_type;
11102 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre SvTYPE [%" IVdf "]", (IV)SvTYPE(sstr));
11117 assert(sv_type_details->body_size);
11118 if (sv_type_details->arena) {
11119 new_body_inline(new_body, sv_type);
11121 = (void*)((char*)new_body - sv_type_details->offset);
11123 new_body = new_NOARENA(sv_type_details);
11127 SvANY(dstr) = new_body;
11130 Copy(((char*)SvANY(sstr)) + sv_type_details->offset,
11131 ((char*)SvANY(dstr)) + sv_type_details->offset,
11132 sv_type_details->copy, char);
11134 Copy(((char*)SvANY(sstr)),
11135 ((char*)SvANY(dstr)),
11136 sv_type_details->body_size + sv_type_details->offset, char);
11139 if (sv_type != SVt_PVAV && sv_type != SVt_PVHV
11140 && !isGV_with_GP(dstr)
11141 && !(sv_type == SVt_PVIO && !(IoFLAGS(dstr) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP)))
11142 Perl_rvpv_dup(aTHX_ dstr, sstr, param);
11144 /* The Copy above means that all the source (unduplicated) pointers
11145 are now in the destination. We can check the flags and the
11146 pointers in either, but it's possible that there's less cache
11147 missing by always going for the destination.
11148 FIXME - instrument and check that assumption */
11149 if (sv_type >= SVt_PVMG) {
11150 if ((sv_type == SVt_PVMG) && SvPAD_OUR(dstr)) {
11151 SvOURSTASH_set(dstr, hv_dup_inc(SvOURSTASH(dstr), param));
11152 } else if (SvMAGIC(dstr))
11153 SvMAGIC_set(dstr, mg_dup(SvMAGIC(dstr), param));
11155 SvSTASH_set(dstr, hv_dup_inc(SvSTASH(dstr), param));
11158 /* The cast silences a GCC warning about unhandled types. */
11159 switch ((int)sv_type) {
11169 /* FIXME for plugins */
11170 re_dup_guts((REGEXP*) sstr, (REGEXP*) dstr, param);
11173 /* XXX LvTARGOFF sometimes holds PMOP* when DEBUGGING */
11174 if (LvTYPE(dstr) == 't') /* for tie: unrefcnted fake (SV**) */
11175 LvTARG(dstr) = dstr;
11176 else if (LvTYPE(dstr) == 'T') /* for tie: fake HE */
11177 LvTARG(dstr) = MUTABLE_SV(he_dup((HE*)LvTARG(dstr), 0, param));
11179 LvTARG(dstr) = sv_dup_inc(LvTARG(dstr), param);
11181 if(isGV_with_GP(sstr)) {
11182 GvNAME_HEK(dstr) = hek_dup(GvNAME_HEK(dstr), param);
11183 /* Don't call sv_add_backref here as it's going to be
11184 created as part of the magic cloning of the symbol
11185 table--unless this is during a join and the stash
11186 is not actually being cloned. */
11187 /* Danger Will Robinson - GvGP(dstr) isn't initialised
11188 at the point of this comment. */
11189 GvSTASH(dstr) = hv_dup(GvSTASH(dstr), param);
11190 if(param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN) {
11191 const HEK * const hvname
11192 = HvNAME_HEK(GvSTASH(dstr));
11194 && GvSTASH(dstr) == gv_stashpvn(
11195 HEK_KEY(hvname), HEK_LEN(hvname), 0
11198 Perl_sv_add_backref(
11199 aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(GvSTASH(dstr)), dstr
11202 GvGP(dstr) = gp_dup(GvGP(sstr), param);
11203 (void)GpREFCNT_inc(GvGP(dstr));
11205 Perl_rvpv_dup(aTHX_ dstr, sstr, param);
11208 /* PL_parser->rsfp_filters entries have fake IoDIRP() */
11209 if(IoFLAGS(dstr) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP) {
11210 /* I have no idea why fake dirp (rsfps)
11211 should be treated differently but otherwise
11212 we end up with leaks -- sky*/
11213 IoTOP_GV(dstr) = gv_dup_inc(IoTOP_GV(dstr), param);
11214 IoFMT_GV(dstr) = gv_dup_inc(IoFMT_GV(dstr), param);
11215 IoBOTTOM_GV(dstr) = gv_dup_inc(IoBOTTOM_GV(dstr), param);
11217 IoTOP_GV(dstr) = gv_dup(IoTOP_GV(dstr), param);
11218 IoFMT_GV(dstr) = gv_dup(IoFMT_GV(dstr), param);
11219 IoBOTTOM_GV(dstr) = gv_dup(IoBOTTOM_GV(dstr), param);
11220 if (IoDIRP(dstr)) {
11221 IoDIRP(dstr) = dirp_dup(IoDIRP(dstr));
11224 /* IoDIRP(dstr) is already a copy of IoDIRP(sstr) */
11226 IoIFP(dstr) = fp_dup(IoIFP(sstr), IoTYPE(dstr), param);
11228 if (IoOFP(dstr) == IoIFP(sstr))
11229 IoOFP(dstr) = IoIFP(dstr);
11231 IoOFP(dstr) = fp_dup(IoOFP(dstr), IoTYPE(dstr), param);
11232 IoTOP_NAME(dstr) = SAVEPV(IoTOP_NAME(dstr));
11233 IoFMT_NAME(dstr) = SAVEPV(IoFMT_NAME(dstr));
11234 IoBOTTOM_NAME(dstr) = SAVEPV(IoBOTTOM_NAME(dstr));
11237 /* avoid cloning an empty array */
11238 if (AvARRAY((const AV *)sstr) && AvFILLp((const AV *)sstr) >= 0) {
11239 SV **dst_ary, **src_ary;
11240 SSize_t items = AvFILLp((const AV *)sstr) + 1;
11242 src_ary = AvARRAY((const AV *)sstr);
11243 Newxz(dst_ary, AvMAX((const AV *)sstr)+1, SV*);
11244 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, src_ary, dst_ary);
11245 AvARRAY(MUTABLE_AV(dstr)) = dst_ary;
11246 AvALLOC((const AV *)dstr) = dst_ary;
11247 if (AvREAL((const AV *)sstr)) {
11248 dst_ary = sv_dup_inc_multiple(src_ary, dst_ary, items,
11252 while (items-- > 0)
11253 *dst_ary++ = sv_dup(*src_ary++, param);
11255 items = AvMAX((const AV *)sstr) - AvFILLp((const AV *)sstr);
11256 while (items-- > 0) {
11257 *dst_ary++ = &PL_sv_undef;
11261 AvARRAY(MUTABLE_AV(dstr)) = NULL;
11262 AvALLOC((const AV *)dstr) = (SV**)NULL;
11263 AvMAX( (const AV *)dstr) = -1;
11264 AvFILLp((const AV *)dstr) = -1;
11268 if (HvARRAY((const HV *)sstr)) {
11270 const bool sharekeys = !!HvSHAREKEYS(sstr);
11271 XPVHV * const dxhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(dstr);
11272 XPVHV * const sxhv = (XPVHV*)SvANY(sstr);
11274 Newx(darray, PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(dxhv->xhv_max+1)
11275 + (SvOOK(sstr) ? sizeof(struct xpvhv_aux) : 0),
11277 HvARRAY(dstr) = (HE**)darray;
11278 while (i <= sxhv->xhv_max) {
11279 const HE * const source = HvARRAY(sstr)[i];
11280 HvARRAY(dstr)[i] = source
11281 ? he_dup(source, sharekeys, param) : 0;
11286 const struct xpvhv_aux * const saux = HvAUX(sstr);
11287 struct xpvhv_aux * const daux = HvAUX(dstr);
11288 /* This flag isn't copied. */
11289 /* SvOOK_on(hv) attacks the IV flags. */
11290 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= SVf_OOK;
11292 hvname = saux->xhv_name;
11293 daux->xhv_name = hek_dup(hvname, param);
11295 daux->xhv_riter = saux->xhv_riter;
11296 daux->xhv_eiter = saux->xhv_eiter
11297 ? he_dup(saux->xhv_eiter,
11298 cBOOL(HvSHAREKEYS(sstr)), param) : 0;
11299 /* backref array needs refcnt=2; see sv_add_backref */
11300 daux->xhv_backreferences =
11301 saux->xhv_backreferences
11302 ? MUTABLE_AV(SvREFCNT_inc(
11303 sv_dup_inc((const SV *)saux->xhv_backreferences, param)))
11306 daux->xhv_mro_meta = saux->xhv_mro_meta
11307 ? mro_meta_dup(saux->xhv_mro_meta, param)
11310 /* Record stashes for possible cloning in Perl_clone(). */
11312 av_push(param->stashes, dstr);
11316 HvARRAY(MUTABLE_HV(dstr)) = NULL;
11319 if (!(param->flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS)) {
11323 /* NOTE: not refcounted */
11324 CvSTASH(dstr) = hv_dup(CvSTASH(dstr), param);
11326 if (!CvISXSUB(dstr))
11327 CvROOT(dstr) = OpREFCNT_inc(CvROOT(dstr));
11329 if (CvCONST(dstr) && CvISXSUB(dstr)) {
11330 CvXSUBANY(dstr).any_ptr =
11331 sv_dup_inc((const SV *)CvXSUBANY(dstr).any_ptr, param);
11333 /* don't dup if copying back - CvGV isn't refcounted, so the
11334 * duped GV may never be freed. A bit of a hack! DAPM */
11335 CvGV(dstr) = (param->flags & CLONEf_JOIN_IN) ?
11336 NULL : gv_dup(CvGV(dstr), param) ;
11337 CvPADLIST(dstr) = padlist_dup(CvPADLIST(sstr), param);
11339 CvWEAKOUTSIDE(sstr)
11340 ? cv_dup( CvOUTSIDE(dstr), param)
11341 : cv_dup_inc(CvOUTSIDE(dstr), param);
11342 if (!CvISXSUB(dstr))
11343 CvFILE(dstr) = SAVEPV(CvFILE(dstr));
11349 if (SvOBJECT(dstr) && SvTYPE(dstr) != SVt_PVIO)
11356 Perl_sv_dup_inc(pTHX_ const SV *const sstr, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11358 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DUP_INC;
11359 return sstr ? SvREFCNT_inc(sv_dup_common(sstr, param)) : NULL;
11363 Perl_sv_dup(pTHX_ const SV *const sstr, CLONE_PARAMS *const param)
11365 SV *dstr = sstr ? sv_dup_common(sstr, param) : NULL;
11366 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DUP;
11368 /* Track every SV that (at least initially) had a reference count of 0.
11369 We need to do this by holding an actual reference to it in this array.
11370 If we attempt to cheat, turn AvREAL_off(), and store only pointers
11371 (akin to the stashes hash, and the perl stack), we come unstuck if
11372 a weak reference (or other SV legitimately SvREFCNT() == 0 for this
11373 thread) is manipulated in a CLONE method, because CLONE runs before the
11374 unreferenced array is walked to find SVs still with SvREFCNT() == 0
11375 (and fix things up by giving each a reference via the temps stack).
11376 Instead, during CLONE, if the 0-referenced SV has SvREFCNT_inc() and
11377 then SvREFCNT_dec(), it will be cleaned up (and added to the free list)
11378 before the walk of unreferenced happens and a reference to that is SV
11379 added to the temps stack. At which point we have the same SV considered
11380 to be in use, and free to be re-used. Not good.
11382 if (dstr && !(param->flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS) && !SvREFCNT(dstr)) {
11383 assert(param->unreferenced);
11384 av_push(param->unreferenced, SvREFCNT_inc(dstr));
11390 /* duplicate a context */
11393 Perl_cx_dup(pTHX_ PERL_CONTEXT *cxs, I32 ix, I32 max, CLONE_PARAMS* param)
11395 PERL_CONTEXT *ncxs;
11397 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CX_DUP;
11400 return (PERL_CONTEXT*)NULL;
11402 /* look for it in the table first */
11403 ncxs = (PERL_CONTEXT*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, cxs);
11407 /* create anew and remember what it is */
11408 Newx(ncxs, max + 1, PERL_CONTEXT);
11409 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, cxs, ncxs);
11410 Copy(cxs, ncxs, max + 1, PERL_CONTEXT);
11413 PERL_CONTEXT * const ncx = &ncxs[ix];
11414 if (CxTYPE(ncx) == CXt_SUBST) {
11415 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cloning substitution context is unimplemented");
11418 switch (CxTYPE(ncx)) {
11420 ncx->blk_sub.cv = (ncx->blk_sub.olddepth == 0
11421 ? cv_dup_inc(ncx->blk_sub.cv, param)
11422 : cv_dup(ncx->blk_sub.cv,param));
11423 ncx->blk_sub.argarray = (CxHASARGS(ncx)
11424 ? av_dup_inc(ncx->blk_sub.argarray,
11427 ncx->blk_sub.savearray = av_dup_inc(ncx->blk_sub.savearray,
11429 ncx->blk_sub.oldcomppad = (PAD*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table,
11430 ncx->blk_sub.oldcomppad);
11433 ncx->blk_eval.old_namesv = sv_dup_inc(ncx->blk_eval.old_namesv,
11435 ncx->blk_eval.cur_text = sv_dup(ncx->blk_eval.cur_text, param);
11437 case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
11438 ncx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.end
11439 = sv_dup_inc(ncx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.end, param);
11440 /* We are taking advantage of av_dup_inc and sv_dup_inc
11441 actually being the same function, and order equivalance of
11443 We can assert the later [but only at run time :-(] */
11444 assert ((void *) &ncx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ary ==
11445 (void *) &ncx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.cur);
11447 ncx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ary
11448 = av_dup_inc(ncx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ary, param);
11449 case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
11450 case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
11451 if (CxPADLOOP(ncx)) {
11452 ncx->blk_loop.oldcomppad
11453 = (PAD*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table,
11454 ncx->blk_loop.oldcomppad);
11456 ncx->blk_loop.oldcomppad
11457 = (PAD*)gv_dup((const GV *)ncx->blk_loop.oldcomppad,
11462 ncx->blk_format.cv = cv_dup(ncx->blk_format.cv, param);
11463 ncx->blk_format.gv = gv_dup(ncx->blk_format.gv, param);
11464 ncx->blk_format.dfoutgv = gv_dup_inc(ncx->blk_format.dfoutgv,
11477 /* duplicate a stack info structure */
11480 Perl_si_dup(pTHX_ PERL_SI *si, CLONE_PARAMS* param)
11484 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SI_DUP;
11487 return (PERL_SI*)NULL;
11489 /* look for it in the table first */
11490 nsi = (PERL_SI*)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, si);
11494 /* create anew and remember what it is */
11495 Newxz(nsi, 1, PERL_SI);
11496 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, si, nsi);
11498 nsi->si_stack = av_dup_inc(si->si_stack, param);
11499 nsi->si_cxix = si->si_cxix;
11500 nsi->si_cxmax = si->si_cxmax;
11501 nsi->si_cxstack = cx_dup(si->si_cxstack, si->si_cxix, si->si_cxmax, param);
11502 nsi->si_type = si->si_type;
11503 nsi->si_prev = si_dup(si->si_prev, param);
11504 nsi->si_next = si_dup(si->si_next, param);
11505 nsi->si_markoff = si->si_markoff;
11510 #define POPINT(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_i32)
11511 #define TOPINT(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_i32)
11512 #define POPLONG(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_long)
11513 #define TOPLONG(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_long)
11514 #define POPIV(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_iv)
11515 #define TOPIV(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_iv)
11516 #define POPUV(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_uv)
11517 #define TOPUV(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_uv)
11518 #define POPBOOL(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_bool)
11519 #define TOPBOOL(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_bool)
11520 #define POPPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_ptr)
11521 #define TOPPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_ptr)
11522 #define POPDPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_dptr)
11523 #define TOPDPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_dptr)
11524 #define POPDXPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[--(ix)].any_dxptr)
11525 #define TOPDXPTR(ss,ix) ((ss)[ix].any_dxptr)
11528 #define pv_dup_inc(p) SAVEPV(p)
11529 #define pv_dup(p) SAVEPV(p)
11530 #define svp_dup_inc(p,pp) any_dup(p,pp)
11532 /* map any object to the new equivent - either something in the
11533 * ptr table, or something in the interpreter structure
11537 Perl_any_dup(pTHX_ void *v, const PerlInterpreter *proto_perl)
11541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ANY_DUP;
11544 return (void*)NULL;
11546 /* look for it in the table first */
11547 ret = ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, v);
11551 /* see if it is part of the interpreter structure */
11552 if (v >= (void*)proto_perl && v < (void*)(proto_perl+1))
11553 ret = (void*)(((char*)aTHX) + (((char*)v) - (char*)proto_perl));
11561 /* duplicate the save stack */
11564 Perl_ss_dup(pTHX_ PerlInterpreter *proto_perl, CLONE_PARAMS* param)
11567 ANY * const ss = proto_perl->Isavestack;
11568 const I32 max = proto_perl->Isavestack_max;
11569 I32 ix = proto_perl->Isavestack_ix;
11582 void (*dptr) (void*);
11583 void (*dxptr) (pTHX_ void*);
11585 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SS_DUP;
11587 Newxz(nss, max, ANY);
11590 const UV uv = POPUV(ss,ix);
11591 const U8 type = (U8)uv & SAVE_MASK;
11593 TOPUV(nss,ix) = uv;
11595 case SAVEt_CLEARSV:
11597 case SAVEt_HELEM: /* hash element */
11598 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11599 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
11601 case SAVEt_ITEM: /* normal string */
11602 case SAVEt_SV: /* scalar reference */
11603 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11604 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
11607 case SAVEt_MORTALIZESV:
11608 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11609 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
11611 case SAVEt_SHARED_PVREF: /* char* in shared space */
11612 c = (char*)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11613 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = savesharedpv(c);
11614 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11615 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11617 case SAVEt_GENERIC_SVREF: /* generic sv */
11618 case SAVEt_SVREF: /* scalar reference */
11619 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11620 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
11621 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11622 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = svp_dup_inc((SV**)ptr, proto_perl);/* XXXXX */
11624 case SAVEt_HV: /* hash reference */
11625 case SAVEt_AV: /* array reference */
11626 sv = (const SV *) POPPTR(ss,ix);
11627 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
11629 case SAVEt_COMPPAD:
11631 sv = (const SV *) POPPTR(ss,ix);
11632 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup(sv, param);
11634 case SAVEt_INT: /* int reference */
11635 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11636 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11637 intval = (int)POPINT(ss,ix);
11638 TOPINT(nss,ix) = intval;
11640 case SAVEt_LONG: /* long reference */
11641 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11642 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11643 longval = (long)POPLONG(ss,ix);
11644 TOPLONG(nss,ix) = longval;
11646 case SAVEt_I32: /* I32 reference */
11647 case SAVEt_COP_ARYBASE: /* call CopARYBASE_set */
11648 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11649 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11651 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
11653 case SAVEt_IV: /* IV reference */
11654 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11655 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11657 TOPIV(nss,ix) = iv;
11659 case SAVEt_HPTR: /* HV* reference */
11660 case SAVEt_APTR: /* AV* reference */
11661 case SAVEt_SPTR: /* SV* reference */
11662 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11663 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11664 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11665 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup(sv, param);
11667 case SAVEt_VPTR: /* random* reference */
11668 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11669 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11671 case SAVEt_INT_SMALL:
11672 case SAVEt_I32_SMALL:
11673 case SAVEt_I16: /* I16 reference */
11674 case SAVEt_I8: /* I8 reference */
11676 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11677 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11679 case SAVEt_GENERIC_PVREF: /* generic char* */
11680 case SAVEt_PPTR: /* char* reference */
11681 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11682 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11683 c = (char*)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11684 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = pv_dup(c);
11686 case SAVEt_GP: /* scalar reference */
11687 gv = (const GV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11688 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = gv_dup_inc(gv, param);
11689 gp = (GP*)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11690 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = gp = gp_dup(gp, param);
11691 (void)GpREFCNT_inc(gp);
11693 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
11696 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11697 if (ptr && (((OP*)ptr)->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED)) {
11698 /* these are assumed to be refcounted properly */
11700 switch (((OP*)ptr)->op_type) {
11702 case OP_LEAVESUBLV:
11706 case OP_LEAVEWRITE:
11707 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = ptr;
11710 (void) OpREFCNT_inc(o);
11714 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = NULL;
11719 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = NULL;
11722 hv = (const HV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11723 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = hv_dup_inc(hv, param);
11725 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
11728 c = (char*)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11729 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = pv_dup_inc(c);
11731 case SAVEt_STACK_POS: /* Position on Perl stack */
11733 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
11735 case SAVEt_DESTRUCTOR:
11736 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11737 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl); /* XXX quite arbitrary */
11738 dptr = POPDPTR(ss,ix);
11739 TOPDPTR(nss,ix) = DPTR2FPTR(void (*)(void*),
11740 any_dup(FPTR2DPTR(void *, dptr),
11743 case SAVEt_DESTRUCTOR_X:
11744 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11745 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl); /* XXX quite arbitrary */
11746 dxptr = POPDXPTR(ss,ix);
11747 TOPDXPTR(nss,ix) = DPTR2FPTR(void (*)(pTHX_ void*),
11748 any_dup(FPTR2DPTR(void *, dxptr),
11751 case SAVEt_REGCONTEXT:
11753 ix -= uv >> SAVE_TIGHT_SHIFT;
11755 case SAVEt_AELEM: /* array element */
11756 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11757 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
11759 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
11760 av = (const AV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11761 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = av_dup_inc(av, param);
11764 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11765 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = ptr;
11768 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11771 ((struct refcounted_he *)ptr)->refcounted_he_refcnt++;
11772 HINTS_REFCNT_UNLOCK;
11774 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = ptr;
11776 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
11777 if (i & HINT_LOCALIZE_HH) {
11778 hv = (const HV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11779 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = hv_dup_inc(hv, param);
11782 case SAVEt_PADSV_AND_MORTALIZE:
11783 longval = (long)POPLONG(ss,ix);
11784 TOPLONG(nss,ix) = longval;
11785 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11786 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = any_dup(ptr, proto_perl);
11787 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11788 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup_inc(sv, param);
11790 case SAVEt_SET_SVFLAGS:
11792 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
11794 TOPINT(nss,ix) = i;
11795 sv = (const SV *)POPPTR(ss,ix);
11796 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = sv_dup(sv, param);
11798 case SAVEt_RE_STATE:
11800 const struct re_save_state *const old_state
11801 = (struct re_save_state *)
11802 (ss + ix - SAVESTACK_ALLOC_FOR_RE_SAVE_STATE);
11803 struct re_save_state *const new_state
11804 = (struct re_save_state *)
11805 (nss + ix - SAVESTACK_ALLOC_FOR_RE_SAVE_STATE);
11807 Copy(old_state, new_state, 1, struct re_save_state);
11808 ix -= SAVESTACK_ALLOC_FOR_RE_SAVE_STATE;
11810 new_state->re_state_bostr
11811 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_bostr);
11812 new_state->re_state_reginput
11813 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_reginput);
11814 new_state->re_state_regeol
11815 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_regeol);
11816 new_state->re_state_regoffs
11817 = (regexp_paren_pair*)
11818 any_dup(old_state->re_state_regoffs, proto_perl);
11819 new_state->re_state_reglastparen
11820 = (U32*) any_dup(old_state->re_state_reglastparen,
11822 new_state->re_state_reglastcloseparen
11823 = (U32*)any_dup(old_state->re_state_reglastcloseparen,
11825 /* XXX This just has to be broken. The old save_re_context
11826 code did SAVEGENERICPV(PL_reg_start_tmp);
11827 PL_reg_start_tmp is char **.
11828 Look above to what the dup code does for
11829 SAVEt_GENERIC_PVREF
11830 It can never have worked.
11831 So this is merely a faithful copy of the exiting bug: */
11832 new_state->re_state_reg_start_tmp
11833 = (char **) pv_dup((char *)
11834 old_state->re_state_reg_start_tmp);
11835 /* I assume that it only ever "worked" because no-one called
11836 (pseudo)fork while the regexp engine had re-entered itself.
11838 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
11839 new_state->re_state_nrs
11840 = sv_dup(old_state->re_state_nrs, param);
11842 new_state->re_state_reg_magic
11843 = (MAGIC*) any_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_magic,
11845 new_state->re_state_reg_oldcurpm
11846 = (PMOP*) any_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_oldcurpm,
11848 new_state->re_state_reg_curpm
11849 = (PMOP*) any_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_curpm,
11851 new_state->re_state_reg_oldsaved
11852 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_oldsaved);
11853 new_state->re_state_reg_poscache
11854 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_poscache);
11855 new_state->re_state_reg_starttry
11856 = pv_dup(old_state->re_state_reg_starttry);
11859 case SAVEt_COMPILE_WARNINGS:
11860 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11861 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = DUP_WARNINGS((STRLEN*)ptr);
11864 ptr = POPPTR(ss,ix);
11865 TOPPTR(nss,ix) = parser_dup((const yy_parser*)ptr, param);
11869 "panic: ss_dup inconsistency (%"IVdf")", (IV) type);
11877 /* if sv is a stash, call $class->CLONE_SKIP(), and set the SVphv_CLONEABLE
11878 * flag to the result. This is done for each stash before cloning starts,
11879 * so we know which stashes want their objects cloned */
11882 do_mark_cloneable_stash(pTHX_ SV *const sv)
11884 const HEK * const hvname = HvNAME_HEK((const HV *)sv);
11886 GV* const cloner = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(MUTABLE_HV(sv), "CLONE_SKIP", 0);
11887 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVphv_CLONEABLE; /* clone objects by default */
11888 if (cloner && GvCV(cloner)) {
11895 mXPUSHs(newSVhek(hvname));
11897 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(cloner)), G_SCALAR);
11904 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVphv_CLONEABLE;
11912 =for apidoc perl_clone
11914 Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
11916 perl_clone takes these flags as parameters:
11918 CLONEf_COPY_STACKS - is used to, well, copy the stacks also,
11919 without it we only clone the data and zero the stacks,
11920 with it we copy the stacks and the new perl interpreter is
11921 ready to run at the exact same point as the previous one.
11922 The pseudo-fork code uses COPY_STACKS while the
11923 threads->create doesn't.
11925 CLONEf_KEEP_PTR_TABLE
11926 perl_clone keeps a ptr_table with the pointer of the old
11927 variable as a key and the new variable as a value,
11928 this allows it to check if something has been cloned and not
11929 clone it again but rather just use the value and increase the
11930 refcount. If KEEP_PTR_TABLE is not set then perl_clone will kill
11931 the ptr_table using the function
11932 C<ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table); PL_ptr_table = NULL;>,
11933 reason to keep it around is if you want to dup some of your own
11934 variable who are outside the graph perl scans, example of this
11935 code is in threads.xs create
11938 This is a win32 thing, it is ignored on unix, it tells perls
11939 win32host code (which is c++) to clone itself, this is needed on
11940 win32 if you want to run two threads at the same time,
11941 if you just want to do some stuff in a separate perl interpreter
11942 and then throw it away and return to the original one,
11943 you don't need to do anything.
11948 /* XXX the above needs expanding by someone who actually understands it ! */
11949 EXTERN_C PerlInterpreter *
11950 perl_clone_host(PerlInterpreter* proto_perl, UV flags);
11953 perl_clone(PerlInterpreter *proto_perl, UV flags)
11956 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
11958 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERL_CLONE;
11960 /* perlhost.h so we need to call into it
11961 to clone the host, CPerlHost should have a c interface, sky */
11963 if (flags & CLONEf_CLONE_HOST) {
11964 return perl_clone_host(proto_perl,flags);
11966 return perl_clone_using(proto_perl, flags,
11968 proto_perl->IMemShared,
11969 proto_perl->IMemParse,
11971 proto_perl->IStdIO,
11975 proto_perl->IProc);
11979 perl_clone_using(PerlInterpreter *proto_perl, UV flags,
11980 struct IPerlMem* ipM, struct IPerlMem* ipMS,
11981 struct IPerlMem* ipMP, struct IPerlEnv* ipE,
11982 struct IPerlStdIO* ipStd, struct IPerlLIO* ipLIO,
11983 struct IPerlDir* ipD, struct IPerlSock* ipS,
11984 struct IPerlProc* ipP)
11986 /* XXX many of the string copies here can be optimized if they're
11987 * constants; they need to be allocated as common memory and just
11988 * their pointers copied. */
11991 CLONE_PARAMS clone_params;
11992 CLONE_PARAMS* const param = &clone_params;
11994 PerlInterpreter * const my_perl = (PerlInterpreter*)(*ipM->pMalloc)(ipM, sizeof(PerlInterpreter));
11996 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERL_CLONE_USING;
11997 #else /* !PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS */
11999 CLONE_PARAMS clone_params;
12000 CLONE_PARAMS* param = &clone_params;
12001 PerlInterpreter * const my_perl = (PerlInterpreter*)PerlMem_malloc(sizeof(PerlInterpreter));
12003 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PERL_CLONE;
12004 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS */
12006 /* for each stash, determine whether its objects should be cloned */
12007 S_visit(proto_perl, do_mark_cloneable_stash, SVt_PVHV, SVTYPEMASK);
12008 PERL_SET_THX(my_perl);
12011 PoisonNew(my_perl, 1, PerlInterpreter);
12016 PL_scopestack_name = 0;
12018 PL_savestack_ix = 0;
12019 PL_savestack_max = -1;
12020 PL_sig_pending = 0;
12022 Zero(&PL_debug_pad, 1, struct perl_debug_pad);
12023 # ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
12024 PL_sv_serial = (((U32)my_perl >> 2) & 0xfff) * 1000000;
12026 #else /* !DEBUGGING */
12027 Zero(my_perl, 1, PerlInterpreter);
12028 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
12030 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
12031 /* host pointers */
12033 PL_MemShared = ipMS;
12034 PL_MemParse = ipMP;
12041 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS */
12043 param->flags = flags;
12044 /* Nothing in the core code uses this, but we make it available to
12045 extensions (using mg_dup). */
12046 param->proto_perl = proto_perl;
12047 /* Likely nothing will use this, but it is initialised to be consistent
12048 with Perl_clone_params_new(). */
12049 param->proto_perl = my_perl;
12050 param->unreferenced = NULL;
12052 INIT_TRACK_MEMPOOL(my_perl->Imemory_debug_header, my_perl);
12054 PL_body_arenas = NULL;
12055 Zero(&PL_body_roots, 1, PL_body_roots);
12057 PL_nice_chunk = NULL;
12058 PL_nice_chunk_size = 0;
12060 PL_sv_objcount = 0;
12062 PL_sv_arenaroot = NULL;
12064 PL_debug = proto_perl->Idebug;
12066 PL_hash_seed = proto_perl->Ihash_seed;
12067 PL_rehash_seed = proto_perl->Irehash_seed;
12069 #ifdef USE_REENTRANT_API
12070 /* XXX: things like -Dm will segfault here in perlio, but doing
12071 * PERL_SET_CONTEXT(proto_perl);
12072 * breaks too many other things
12074 Perl_reentrant_init(aTHX);
12077 /* create SV map for pointer relocation */
12078 PL_ptr_table = ptr_table_new();
12080 /* initialize these special pointers as early as possible */
12081 SvANY(&PL_sv_undef) = NULL;
12082 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_undef) = (~(U32)0)/2;
12083 SvFLAGS(&PL_sv_undef) = SVf_READONLY|SVt_NULL;
12084 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, &proto_perl->Isv_undef, &PL_sv_undef);
12086 SvANY(&PL_sv_no) = new_XPVNV();
12087 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_no) = (~(U32)0)/2;
12088 SvFLAGS(&PL_sv_no) = SVp_IOK|SVf_IOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_NOK
12089 |SVp_POK|SVf_POK|SVf_READONLY|SVt_PVNV;
12090 SvPV_set(&PL_sv_no, savepvn(PL_No, 0));
12091 SvCUR_set(&PL_sv_no, 0);
12092 SvLEN_set(&PL_sv_no, 1);
12093 SvIV_set(&PL_sv_no, 0);
12094 SvNV_set(&PL_sv_no, 0);
12095 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, &proto_perl->Isv_no, &PL_sv_no);
12097 SvANY(&PL_sv_yes) = new_XPVNV();
12098 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_yes) = (~(U32)0)/2;
12099 SvFLAGS(&PL_sv_yes) = SVp_IOK|SVf_IOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_NOK
12100 |SVp_POK|SVf_POK|SVf_READONLY|SVt_PVNV;
12101 SvPV_set(&PL_sv_yes, savepvn(PL_Yes, 1));
12102 SvCUR_set(&PL_sv_yes, 1);
12103 SvLEN_set(&PL_sv_yes, 2);
12104 SvIV_set(&PL_sv_yes, 1);
12105 SvNV_set(&PL_sv_yes, 1);
12106 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, &proto_perl->Isv_yes, &PL_sv_yes);
12108 /* dbargs array probably holds garbage */
12111 /* create (a non-shared!) shared string table */
12112 PL_strtab = newHV();
12113 HvSHAREKEYS_off(PL_strtab);
12114 hv_ksplit(PL_strtab, HvTOTALKEYS(proto_perl->Istrtab));
12115 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, proto_perl->Istrtab, PL_strtab);
12117 PL_compiling = proto_perl->Icompiling;
12119 /* These two PVs will be free'd special way so must set them same way op.c does */
12120 PL_compiling.cop_stashpv = savesharedpv(PL_compiling.cop_stashpv);
12121 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, proto_perl->Icompiling.cop_stashpv, PL_compiling.cop_stashpv);
12123 PL_compiling.cop_file = savesharedpv(PL_compiling.cop_file);
12124 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, proto_perl->Icompiling.cop_file, PL_compiling.cop_file);
12126 ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, &proto_perl->Icompiling, &PL_compiling);
12127 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
12128 if (PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash) {
12130 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash->refcounted_he_refcnt++;
12131 HINTS_REFCNT_UNLOCK;
12133 PL_curcop = (COP*)any_dup(proto_perl->Icurcop, proto_perl);
12134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
12139 /* pseudo environmental stuff */
12140 PL_origargc = proto_perl->Iorigargc;
12141 PL_origargv = proto_perl->Iorigargv;
12143 param->stashes = newAV(); /* Setup array of objects to call clone on */
12144 /* This makes no difference to the implementation, as it always pushes
12145 and shifts pointers to other SVs without changing their reference
12146 count, with the array becoming empty before it is freed. However, it
12147 makes it conceptually clear what is going on, and will avoid some
12148 work inside av.c, filling slots between AvFILL() and AvMAX() with
12149 &PL_sv_undef, and SvREFCNT_dec()ing those. */
12150 AvREAL_off(param->stashes);
12152 if (!(flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS)) {
12153 param->unreferenced = newAV();
12156 /* Set tainting stuff before PerlIO_debug can possibly get called */
12157 PL_tainting = proto_perl->Itainting;
12158 PL_taint_warn = proto_perl->Itaint_warn;
12160 #ifdef PERLIO_LAYERS
12161 /* Clone PerlIO tables as soon as we can handle general xx_dup() */
12162 PerlIO_clone(aTHX_ proto_perl, param);
12165 PL_envgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ienvgv, param);
12166 PL_incgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Iincgv, param);
12167 PL_hintgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ihintgv, param);
12168 PL_origfilename = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Iorigfilename);
12169 PL_diehook = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Idiehook, param);
12170 PL_warnhook = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iwarnhook, param);
12173 PL_minus_c = proto_perl->Iminus_c;
12174 PL_patchlevel = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ipatchlevel, param);
12175 PL_localpatches = proto_perl->Ilocalpatches;
12176 PL_splitstr = proto_perl->Isplitstr;
12177 PL_minus_n = proto_perl->Iminus_n;
12178 PL_minus_p = proto_perl->Iminus_p;
12179 PL_minus_l = proto_perl->Iminus_l;
12180 PL_minus_a = proto_perl->Iminus_a;
12181 PL_minus_E = proto_perl->Iminus_E;
12182 PL_minus_F = proto_perl->Iminus_F;
12183 PL_doswitches = proto_perl->Idoswitches;
12184 PL_dowarn = proto_perl->Idowarn;
12185 PL_doextract = proto_perl->Idoextract;
12186 PL_sawampersand = proto_perl->Isawampersand;
12187 PL_unsafe = proto_perl->Iunsafe;
12188 PL_inplace = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Iinplace);
12189 PL_e_script = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ie_script, param);
12190 PL_perldb = proto_perl->Iperldb;
12191 PL_perl_destruct_level = proto_perl->Iperl_destruct_level;
12192 PL_exit_flags = proto_perl->Iexit_flags;
12194 /* magical thingies */
12195 /* XXX time(&PL_basetime) when asked for? */
12196 PL_basetime = proto_perl->Ibasetime;
12197 PL_formfeed = sv_dup(proto_perl->Iformfeed, param);
12199 PL_maxsysfd = proto_perl->Imaxsysfd;
12200 PL_statusvalue = proto_perl->Istatusvalue;
12202 PL_statusvalue_vms = proto_perl->Istatusvalue_vms;
12204 PL_statusvalue_posix = proto_perl->Istatusvalue_posix;
12206 PL_encoding = sv_dup(proto_perl->Iencoding, param);
12208 sv_setpvs(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(0), ""); /* For regex debugging. */
12209 sv_setpvs(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(1), ""); /* ext/re needs these */
12210 sv_setpvs(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(2), ""); /* even without DEBUGGING. */
12213 /* RE engine related */
12214 Zero(&PL_reg_state, 1, struct re_save_state);
12215 PL_reginterp_cnt = 0;
12216 PL_regmatch_slab = NULL;
12218 /* Clone the regex array */
12219 /* ORANGE FIXME for plugins, probably in the SV dup code.
12220 newSViv(PTR2IV(CALLREGDUPE(
12221 INT2PTR(REGEXP *, SvIVX(regex)), param))))
12223 PL_regex_padav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iregex_padav, param);
12224 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
12226 /* shortcuts to various I/O objects */
12227 PL_ofsgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Iofsgv, param);
12228 PL_stdingv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Istdingv, param);
12229 PL_stderrgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Istderrgv, param);
12230 PL_defgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Idefgv, param);
12231 PL_argvgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Iargvgv, param);
12232 PL_argvoutgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Iargvoutgv, param);
12233 PL_argvout_stack = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iargvout_stack, param);
12235 /* shortcuts to regexp stuff */
12236 PL_replgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ireplgv, param);
12238 /* shortcuts to misc objects */
12239 PL_errgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ierrgv, param);
12241 /* shortcuts to debugging objects */
12242 PL_DBgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->IDBgv, param);
12243 PL_DBline = gv_dup(proto_perl->IDBline, param);
12244 PL_DBsub = gv_dup(proto_perl->IDBsub, param);
12245 PL_DBsingle = sv_dup(proto_perl->IDBsingle, param);
12246 PL_DBtrace = sv_dup(proto_perl->IDBtrace, param);
12247 PL_DBsignal = sv_dup(proto_perl->IDBsignal, param);
12249 /* symbol tables */
12250 PL_defstash = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Idefstash, param);
12251 PL_curstash = hv_dup(proto_perl->Icurstash, param);
12252 PL_debstash = hv_dup(proto_perl->Idebstash, param);
12253 PL_globalstash = hv_dup(proto_perl->Iglobalstash, param);
12254 PL_curstname = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icurstname, param);
12256 PL_beginav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ibeginav, param);
12257 PL_beginav_save = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ibeginav_save, param);
12258 PL_checkav_save = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icheckav_save, param);
12259 PL_unitcheckav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iunitcheckav, param);
12260 PL_unitcheckav_save = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iunitcheckav_save, param);
12261 PL_endav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iendav, param);
12262 PL_checkav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icheckav, param);
12263 PL_initav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iinitav, param);
12265 PL_sub_generation = proto_perl->Isub_generation;
12266 PL_isarev = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iisarev, param);
12268 /* funky return mechanisms */
12269 PL_forkprocess = proto_perl->Iforkprocess;
12271 /* subprocess state */
12272 PL_fdpid = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ifdpid, param);
12274 /* internal state */
12275 PL_maxo = proto_perl->Imaxo;
12276 if (proto_perl->Iop_mask)
12277 PL_op_mask = SAVEPVN(proto_perl->Iop_mask, PL_maxo);
12280 /* PL_asserting = proto_perl->Iasserting; */
12282 /* current interpreter roots */
12283 PL_main_cv = cv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Imain_cv, param);
12285 PL_main_root = OpREFCNT_inc(proto_perl->Imain_root);
12287 PL_main_start = proto_perl->Imain_start;
12288 PL_eval_root = proto_perl->Ieval_root;
12289 PL_eval_start = proto_perl->Ieval_start;
12291 /* runtime control stuff */
12292 PL_curcopdb = (COP*)any_dup(proto_perl->Icurcopdb, proto_perl);
12294 PL_filemode = proto_perl->Ifilemode;
12295 PL_lastfd = proto_perl->Ilastfd;
12296 PL_oldname = proto_perl->Ioldname; /* XXX not quite right */
12299 PL_gensym = proto_perl->Igensym;
12300 PL_preambleav = av_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ipreambleav, param);
12301 PL_laststatval = proto_perl->Ilaststatval;
12302 PL_laststype = proto_perl->Ilaststype;
12305 PL_ors_sv = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iors_sv, param);
12307 /* interpreter atexit processing */
12308 PL_exitlistlen = proto_perl->Iexitlistlen;
12309 if (PL_exitlistlen) {
12310 Newx(PL_exitlist, PL_exitlistlen, PerlExitListEntry);
12311 Copy(proto_perl->Iexitlist, PL_exitlist, PL_exitlistlen, PerlExitListEntry);
12314 PL_exitlist = (PerlExitListEntry*)NULL;
12316 PL_my_cxt_size = proto_perl->Imy_cxt_size;
12317 if (PL_my_cxt_size) {
12318 Newx(PL_my_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_size, void *);
12319 Copy(proto_perl->Imy_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_size, void *);
12320 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
12321 Newx(PL_my_cxt_keys, PL_my_cxt_size, const char *);
12322 Copy(proto_perl->Imy_cxt_keys, PL_my_cxt_keys, PL_my_cxt_size, char *);
12326 PL_my_cxt_list = (void**)NULL;
12327 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
12328 PL_my_cxt_keys = (const char**)NULL;
12331 PL_modglobal = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Imodglobal, param);
12332 PL_custom_op_names = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icustom_op_names,param);
12333 PL_custom_op_descs = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Icustom_op_descs,param);
12335 PL_profiledata = NULL;
12337 PL_compcv = cv_dup(proto_perl->Icompcv, param);
12339 PAD_CLONE_VARS(proto_perl, param);
12341 #ifdef HAVE_INTERP_INTERN
12342 sys_intern_dup(&proto_perl->Isys_intern, &PL_sys_intern);
12345 /* more statics moved here */
12346 PL_generation = proto_perl->Igeneration;
12347 PL_DBcv = cv_dup(proto_perl->IDBcv, param);
12349 PL_in_clean_objs = proto_perl->Iin_clean_objs;
12350 PL_in_clean_all = proto_perl->Iin_clean_all;
12352 PL_uid = proto_perl->Iuid;
12353 PL_euid = proto_perl->Ieuid;
12354 PL_gid = proto_perl->Igid;
12355 PL_egid = proto_perl->Iegid;
12356 PL_nomemok = proto_perl->Inomemok;
12357 PL_an = proto_perl->Ian;
12358 PL_evalseq = proto_perl->Ievalseq;
12359 PL_origenviron = proto_perl->Iorigenviron; /* XXX not quite right */
12360 PL_origalen = proto_perl->Iorigalen;
12361 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
12362 PL_pidstatus = newHV(); /* XXX flag for cloning? */
12364 PL_osname = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Iosname);
12365 PL_sighandlerp = proto_perl->Isighandlerp;
12367 PL_runops = proto_perl->Irunops;
12369 PL_parser = parser_dup(proto_perl->Iparser, param);
12371 /* XXX this only works if the saved cop has already been cloned */
12372 if (proto_perl->Iparser) {
12373 PL_parser->saved_curcop = (COP*)any_dup(
12374 proto_perl->Iparser->saved_curcop,
12378 PL_subline = proto_perl->Isubline;
12379 PL_subname = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Isubname, param);
12382 PL_cryptseen = proto_perl->Icryptseen;
12385 PL_hints = proto_perl->Ihints;
12387 PL_amagic_generation = proto_perl->Iamagic_generation;
12389 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
12390 PL_collation_ix = proto_perl->Icollation_ix;
12391 PL_collation_name = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Icollation_name);
12392 PL_collation_standard = proto_perl->Icollation_standard;
12393 PL_collxfrm_base = proto_perl->Icollxfrm_base;
12394 PL_collxfrm_mult = proto_perl->Icollxfrm_mult;
12395 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
12397 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
12398 PL_numeric_name = SAVEPV(proto_perl->Inumeric_name);
12399 PL_numeric_standard = proto_perl->Inumeric_standard;
12400 PL_numeric_local = proto_perl->Inumeric_local;
12401 PL_numeric_radix_sv = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Inumeric_radix_sv, param);
12402 #endif /* !USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
12404 /* utf8 character classes */
12405 PL_utf8_alnum = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_alnum, param);
12406 PL_utf8_ascii = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_ascii, param);
12407 PL_utf8_alpha = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_alpha, param);
12408 PL_utf8_space = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_space, param);
12409 PL_utf8_cntrl = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_cntrl, param);
12410 PL_utf8_graph = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_graph, param);
12411 PL_utf8_digit = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_digit, param);
12412 PL_utf8_upper = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_upper, param);
12413 PL_utf8_lower = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_lower, param);
12414 PL_utf8_print = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_print, param);
12415 PL_utf8_punct = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_punct, param);
12416 PL_utf8_xdigit = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_xdigit, param);
12417 PL_utf8_mark = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_mark, param);
12418 PL_utf8_X_begin = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_begin, param);
12419 PL_utf8_X_extend = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_extend, param);
12420 PL_utf8_X_prepend = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_prepend, param);
12421 PL_utf8_X_non_hangul = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_non_hangul, param);
12422 PL_utf8_X_L = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_L, param);
12423 PL_utf8_X_LV = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_LV, param);
12424 PL_utf8_X_LVT = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_LVT, param);
12425 PL_utf8_X_T = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_T, param);
12426 PL_utf8_X_V = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_V, param);
12427 PL_utf8_X_LV_LVT_V = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_X_LV_LVT_V, param);
12428 PL_utf8_toupper = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_toupper, param);
12429 PL_utf8_totitle = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_totitle, param);
12430 PL_utf8_tolower = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_tolower, param);
12431 PL_utf8_tofold = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_tofold, param);
12432 PL_utf8_idstart = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_idstart, param);
12433 PL_utf8_idcont = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iutf8_idcont, param);
12435 /* Did the locale setup indicate UTF-8? */
12436 PL_utf8locale = proto_perl->Iutf8locale;
12437 /* Unicode features (see perlrun/-C) */
12438 PL_unicode = proto_perl->Iunicode;
12440 /* Pre-5.8 signals control */
12441 PL_signals = proto_perl->Isignals;
12443 /* times() ticks per second */
12444 PL_clocktick = proto_perl->Iclocktick;
12446 /* Recursion stopper for PerlIO_find_layer */
12447 PL_in_load_module = proto_perl->Iin_load_module;
12449 /* sort() routine */
12450 PL_sort_RealCmp = proto_perl->Isort_RealCmp;
12452 /* Not really needed/useful since the reenrant_retint is "volatile",
12453 * but do it for consistency's sake. */
12454 PL_reentrant_retint = proto_perl->Ireentrant_retint;
12456 /* Hooks to shared SVs and locks. */
12457 PL_sharehook = proto_perl->Isharehook;
12458 PL_lockhook = proto_perl->Ilockhook;
12459 PL_unlockhook = proto_perl->Iunlockhook;
12460 PL_threadhook = proto_perl->Ithreadhook;
12461 PL_destroyhook = proto_perl->Idestroyhook;
12462 PL_signalhook = proto_perl->Isignalhook;
12464 #ifdef THREADS_HAVE_PIDS
12465 PL_ppid = proto_perl->Ippid;
12469 PL_last_swash_hv = NULL; /* reinits on demand */
12470 PL_last_swash_klen = 0;
12471 PL_last_swash_key[0]= '\0';
12472 PL_last_swash_tmps = (U8*)NULL;
12473 PL_last_swash_slen = 0;
12475 PL_glob_index = proto_perl->Iglob_index;
12476 PL_srand_called = proto_perl->Isrand_called;
12478 if (proto_perl->Ipsig_pend) {
12479 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
12482 PL_psig_pend = (int*)NULL;
12485 if (proto_perl->Ipsig_name) {
12486 Newx(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
12487 sv_dup_inc_multiple(proto_perl->Ipsig_name, PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE,
12489 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
12492 PL_psig_ptr = (SV**)NULL;
12493 PL_psig_name = (SV**)NULL;
12496 /* intrpvar.h stuff */
12498 if (flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS) {
12499 /* next allocation will be PL_tmps_stack[PL_tmps_ix+1] */
12500 PL_tmps_ix = proto_perl->Itmps_ix;
12501 PL_tmps_max = proto_perl->Itmps_max;
12502 PL_tmps_floor = proto_perl->Itmps_floor;
12503 Newx(PL_tmps_stack, PL_tmps_max, SV*);
12504 sv_dup_inc_multiple(proto_perl->Itmps_stack, PL_tmps_stack,
12505 PL_tmps_ix+1, param);
12507 /* next PUSHMARK() sets *(PL_markstack_ptr+1) */
12508 i = proto_perl->Imarkstack_max - proto_perl->Imarkstack;
12509 Newxz(PL_markstack, i, I32);
12510 PL_markstack_max = PL_markstack + (proto_perl->Imarkstack_max
12511 - proto_perl->Imarkstack);
12512 PL_markstack_ptr = PL_markstack + (proto_perl->Imarkstack_ptr
12513 - proto_perl->Imarkstack);
12514 Copy(proto_perl->Imarkstack, PL_markstack,
12515 PL_markstack_ptr - PL_markstack + 1, I32);
12517 /* next push_scope()/ENTER sets PL_scopestack[PL_scopestack_ix]
12518 * NOTE: unlike the others! */
12519 PL_scopestack_ix = proto_perl->Iscopestack_ix;
12520 PL_scopestack_max = proto_perl->Iscopestack_max;
12521 Newxz(PL_scopestack, PL_scopestack_max, I32);
12522 Copy(proto_perl->Iscopestack, PL_scopestack, PL_scopestack_ix, I32);
12525 Newxz(PL_scopestack_name, PL_scopestack_max, const char *);
12526 Copy(proto_perl->Iscopestack_name, PL_scopestack_name, PL_scopestack_ix, const char *);
12528 /* NOTE: si_dup() looks at PL_markstack */
12529 PL_curstackinfo = si_dup(proto_perl->Icurstackinfo, param);
12531 /* PL_curstack = PL_curstackinfo->si_stack; */
12532 PL_curstack = av_dup(proto_perl->Icurstack, param);
12533 PL_mainstack = av_dup(proto_perl->Imainstack, param);
12535 /* next PUSHs() etc. set *(PL_stack_sp+1) */
12536 PL_stack_base = AvARRAY(PL_curstack);
12537 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + (proto_perl->Istack_sp
12538 - proto_perl->Istack_base);
12539 PL_stack_max = PL_stack_base + AvMAX(PL_curstack);
12541 /* next SSPUSHFOO() sets PL_savestack[PL_savestack_ix]
12542 * NOTE: unlike the others! */
12543 PL_savestack_ix = proto_perl->Isavestack_ix;
12544 PL_savestack_max = proto_perl->Isavestack_max;
12545 /*Newxz(PL_savestack, PL_savestack_max, ANY);*/
12546 PL_savestack = ss_dup(proto_perl, param);
12550 ENTER; /* perl_destruct() wants to LEAVE; */
12553 PL_start_env = proto_perl->Istart_env; /* XXXXXX */
12554 PL_top_env = &PL_start_env;
12556 PL_op = proto_perl->Iop;
12559 PL_Xpv = (XPV*)NULL;
12560 my_perl->Ina = proto_perl->Ina;
12562 PL_statbuf = proto_perl->Istatbuf;
12563 PL_statcache = proto_perl->Istatcache;
12564 PL_statgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Istatgv, param);
12565 PL_statname = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Istatname, param);
12567 PL_timesbuf = proto_perl->Itimesbuf;
12570 PL_tainted = proto_perl->Itainted;
12571 PL_curpm = proto_perl->Icurpm; /* XXX No PMOP ref count */
12572 PL_rs = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Irs, param);
12573 PL_last_in_gv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ilast_in_gv, param);
12574 PL_defoutgv = gv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Idefoutgv, param);
12575 PL_chopset = proto_perl->Ichopset; /* XXX never deallocated */
12576 PL_toptarget = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Itoptarget, param);
12577 PL_bodytarget = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ibodytarget, param);
12578 PL_formtarget = sv_dup(proto_perl->Iformtarget, param);
12580 PL_restartjmpenv = proto_perl->Irestartjmpenv;
12581 PL_restartop = proto_perl->Irestartop;
12582 PL_in_eval = proto_perl->Iin_eval;
12583 PL_delaymagic = proto_perl->Idelaymagic;
12584 PL_dirty = proto_perl->Idirty;
12585 PL_localizing = proto_perl->Ilocalizing;
12587 PL_errors = sv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Ierrors, param);
12588 PL_hv_fetch_ent_mh = NULL;
12589 PL_modcount = proto_perl->Imodcount;
12590 PL_lastgotoprobe = NULL;
12591 PL_dumpindent = proto_perl->Idumpindent;
12593 PL_sortcop = (OP*)any_dup(proto_perl->Isortcop, proto_perl);
12594 PL_sortstash = hv_dup(proto_perl->Isortstash, param);
12595 PL_firstgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Ifirstgv, param);
12596 PL_secondgv = gv_dup(proto_perl->Isecondgv, param);
12597 PL_efloatbuf = NULL; /* reinits on demand */
12598 PL_efloatsize = 0; /* reinits on demand */
12602 PL_screamfirst = NULL;
12603 PL_screamnext = NULL;
12604 PL_maxscream = -1; /* reinits on demand */
12605 PL_lastscream = NULL;
12608 PL_regdummy = proto_perl->Iregdummy;
12609 PL_colorset = 0; /* reinits PL_colors[] */
12610 /*PL_colors[6] = {0,0,0,0,0,0};*/
12614 /* Pluggable optimizer */
12615 PL_peepp = proto_perl->Ipeepp;
12616 /* op_free() hook */
12617 PL_opfreehook = proto_perl->Iopfreehook;
12619 PL_stashcache = newHV();
12621 PL_watchaddr = (char **) ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table,
12622 proto_perl->Iwatchaddr);
12623 PL_watchok = PL_watchaddr ? * PL_watchaddr : NULL;
12624 if (PL_debug && PL_watchaddr) {
12625 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
12626 "WATCHING: %"UVxf" cloned as %"UVxf" with value %"UVxf"\n",
12627 PTR2UV(proto_perl->Iwatchaddr), PTR2UV(PL_watchaddr),
12628 PTR2UV(PL_watchok));
12631 PL_registered_mros = hv_dup_inc(proto_perl->Iregistered_mros, param);
12633 /* Call the ->CLONE method, if it exists, for each of the stashes
12634 identified by sv_dup() above.
12636 while(av_len(param->stashes) != -1) {
12637 HV* const stash = MUTABLE_HV(av_shift(param->stashes));
12638 GV* const cloner = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "CLONE", 0);
12639 if (cloner && GvCV(cloner)) {
12644 mXPUSHs(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
12646 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(cloner)), G_DISCARD);
12652 if (!(flags & CLONEf_KEEP_PTR_TABLE)) {
12653 ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table);
12654 PL_ptr_table = NULL;
12657 if (!(flags & CLONEf_COPY_STACKS)) {
12658 unreferenced_to_tmp_stack(param->unreferenced);
12661 SvREFCNT_dec(param->stashes);
12663 /* orphaned? eg threads->new inside BEGIN or use */
12664 if (PL_compcv && ! SvREFCNT(PL_compcv)) {
12665 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
12666 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
12673 S_unreferenced_to_tmp_stack(pTHX_ AV *const unreferenced)
12675 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UNREFERENCED_TO_TMP_STACK;
12677 if (AvFILLp(unreferenced) > -1) {
12678 SV **svp = AvARRAY(unreferenced);
12679 SV **const last = svp + AvFILLp(unreferenced);
12683 if (SvREFCNT(*svp) == 1)
12685 } while (++svp <= last);
12687 EXTEND_MORTAL(count);
12688 svp = AvARRAY(unreferenced);
12691 if (SvREFCNT(*svp) == 1) {
12692 /* Our reference is the only one to this SV. This means that
12693 in this thread, the scalar effectively has a 0 reference.
12694 That doesn't work (cleanup never happens), so donate our
12695 reference to it onto the save stack. */
12696 PL_tmps_stack[++PL_tmps_ix] = *svp;
12698 /* As an optimisation, because we are already walking the
12699 entire array, instead of above doing either
12700 SvREFCNT_inc(*svp) or *svp = &PL_sv_undef, we can instead
12701 release our reference to the scalar, so that at the end of
12702 the array owns zero references to the scalars it happens to
12703 point to. We are effectively converting the array from
12704 AvREAL() on to AvREAL() off. This saves the av_clear()
12705 (triggered by the SvREFCNT_dec(unreferenced) below) from
12706 walking the array a second time. */
12707 SvREFCNT_dec(*svp);
12710 } while (++svp <= last);
12711 AvREAL_off(unreferenced);
12713 SvREFCNT_dec(unreferenced);
12717 Perl_clone_params_del(CLONE_PARAMS *param)
12719 PerlInterpreter *const was = PERL_GET_THX;
12720 PerlInterpreter *const to = param->new_perl;
12723 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CLONE_PARAMS_DEL;
12729 SvREFCNT_dec(param->stashes);
12730 if (param->unreferenced)
12731 unreferenced_to_tmp_stack(param->unreferenced);
12741 Perl_clone_params_new(PerlInterpreter *const from, PerlInterpreter *const to)
12743 /* Need to play this game, as newAV() can call safesysmalloc(), and that
12744 does a dTHX; to get the context from thread local storage.
12745 FIXME - under PERL_CORE Newx(), Safefree() and friends should expand to
12746 a version that passes in my_perl. */
12747 PerlInterpreter *const was = PERL_GET_THX;
12748 CLONE_PARAMS *param;
12750 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CLONE_PARAMS_NEW;
12756 /* Given that we've set the context, we can do this unshared. */
12757 Newx(param, 1, CLONE_PARAMS);
12760 param->proto_perl = from;
12761 param->new_perl = to;
12762 param->stashes = (AV *)Perl_newSV_type(to, SVt_PVAV);
12763 AvREAL_off(param->stashes);
12764 param->unreferenced = (AV *)Perl_newSV_type(to, SVt_PVAV);
12772 #endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
12775 =head1 Unicode Support
12777 =for apidoc sv_recode_to_utf8
12779 The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
12780 of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
12781 will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
12783 If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
12784 is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
12785 an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
12786 (See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
12788 The PV of the sv is returned.
12793 Perl_sv_recode_to_utf8(pTHX_ SV *sv, SV *encoding)
12797 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_RECODE_TO_UTF8;
12799 if (SvPOK(sv) && !SvUTF8(sv) && !IN_BYTES && SvROK(encoding)) {
12813 Passing sv_yes is wrong - it needs to be or'ed set of constants
12814 for Encode::XS, while UTf-8 decode (currently) assumes a true value means
12815 remove converted chars from source.
12817 Both will default the value - let them.
12819 XPUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
12822 call_method("decode", G_SCALAR);
12826 s = SvPV_const(uni, len);
12827 if (s != SvPVX_const(sv)) {
12828 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
12829 Move(s, SvPVX(sv), len + 1, char);
12830 SvCUR_set(sv, len);
12837 return SvPOKp(sv) ? SvPVX(sv) : NULL;
12841 =for apidoc sv_cat_decode
12843 The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, the PV of the ssv is
12844 assumed to be octets in that encoding and decoding the input starts
12845 from the position which (PV + *offset) pointed to. The dsv will be
12846 concatenated the decoded UTF-8 string from ssv. Decoding will terminate
12847 when the string tstr appears in decoding output or the input ends on
12848 the PV of the ssv. The value which the offset points will be modified
12849 to the last input position on the ssv.
12851 Returns TRUE if the terminator was found, else returns FALSE.
12856 Perl_sv_cat_decode(pTHX_ SV *dsv, SV *encoding,
12857 SV *ssv, int *offset, char *tstr, int tlen)
12862 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_CAT_DECODE;
12864 if (SvPOK(ssv) && SvPOK(dsv) && SvROK(encoding) && offset) {
12875 offsv = newSViv(*offset);
12877 mXPUSHp(tstr, tlen);
12879 call_method("cat_decode", G_SCALAR);
12881 ret = SvTRUE(TOPs);
12882 *offset = SvIV(offsv);
12888 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid argument to sv_cat_decode");
12893 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
12895 * support functions for report_uninit()
12898 /* the maxiumum size of array or hash where we will scan looking
12899 * for the undefined element that triggered the warning */
12901 #define FUV_MAX_SEARCH_SIZE 1000
12903 /* Look for an entry in the hash whose value has the same SV as val;
12904 * If so, return a mortal copy of the key. */
12907 S_find_hash_subscript(pTHX_ const HV *const hv, const SV *const val)
12910 register HE **array;
12913 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_HASH_SUBSCRIPT;
12915 if (!hv || SvMAGICAL(hv) || !HvARRAY(hv) ||
12916 (HvTOTALKEYS(hv) > FUV_MAX_SEARCH_SIZE))
12919 array = HvARRAY(hv);
12921 for (i=HvMAX(hv); i>0; i--) {
12922 register HE *entry;
12923 for (entry = array[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
12924 if (HeVAL(entry) != val)
12926 if ( HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_undef ||
12927 HeVAL(entry) == &PL_sv_placeholder)
12931 if (HeKLEN(entry) == HEf_SVKEY)
12932 return sv_mortalcopy(HeKEY_sv(entry));
12933 return sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HeKEY_hek(entry)));
12939 /* Look for an entry in the array whose value has the same SV as val;
12940 * If so, return the index, otherwise return -1. */
12943 S_find_array_subscript(pTHX_ const AV *const av, const SV *const val)
12947 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_ARRAY_SUBSCRIPT;
12949 if (!av || SvMAGICAL(av) || !AvARRAY(av) ||
12950 (AvFILLp(av) > FUV_MAX_SEARCH_SIZE))
12953 if (val != &PL_sv_undef) {
12954 SV ** const svp = AvARRAY(av);
12957 for (i=AvFILLp(av); i>=0; i--)
12964 /* S_varname(): return the name of a variable, optionally with a subscript.
12965 * If gv is non-zero, use the name of that global, along with gvtype (one
12966 * of "$", "@", "%"); otherwise use the name of the lexical at pad offset
12967 * targ. Depending on the value of the subscript_type flag, return:
12970 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE 1 /* "@foo" */
12971 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY 2 /* "$foo[aindex]" */
12972 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH 3 /* "$foo{keyname}" */
12973 #define FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN 4 /* "within @foo" */
12976 S_varname(pTHX_ const GV *const gv, const char gvtype, PADOFFSET targ,
12977 const SV *const keyname, I32 aindex, int subscript_type)
12980 SV * const name = sv_newmortal();
12983 buffer[0] = gvtype;
12986 /* as gv_fullname4(), but add literal '^' for $^FOO names */
12988 gv_fullname4(name, gv, buffer, 0);
12990 if ((unsigned int)SvPVX(name)[1] <= 26) {
12992 buffer[1] = SvPVX(name)[1] + 'A' - 1;
12994 /* Swap the 1 unprintable control character for the 2 byte pretty
12995 version - ie substr($name, 1, 1) = $buffer; */
12996 sv_insert(name, 1, 1, buffer, 2);
13000 CV * const cv = find_runcv(NULL);
13004 if (!cv || !CvPADLIST(cv))
13006 av = MUTABLE_AV((*av_fetch(CvPADLIST(cv), 0, FALSE)));
13007 sv = *av_fetch(av, targ, FALSE);
13008 sv_setpvn(name, SvPV_nolen_const(sv), SvCUR(sv));
13011 if (subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH) {
13012 SV * const sv = newSV(0);
13013 *SvPVX(name) = '$';
13014 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ name, "{%s}",
13015 pv_display(sv,SvPVX_const(keyname), SvCUR(keyname), 0, 32));
13018 else if (subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY) {
13019 *SvPVX(name) = '$';
13020 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ name, "[%"IVdf"]", (IV)aindex);
13022 else if (subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN) {
13023 /* We know that name has no magic, so can use 0 instead of SV_GMAGIC */
13024 Perl_sv_insert_flags(aTHX_ name, 0, 0, STR_WITH_LEN("within "), 0);
13032 =for apidoc find_uninit_var
13034 Find the name of the undefined variable (if any) that caused the operator o
13035 to issue a "Use of uninitialized value" warning.
13036 If match is true, only return a name if it's value matches uninit_sv.
13037 So roughly speaking, if a unary operator (such as OP_COS) generates a
13038 warning, then following the direct child of the op may yield an
13039 OP_PADSV or OP_GV that gives the name of the undefined variable. On the
13040 other hand, with OP_ADD there are two branches to follow, so we only print
13041 the variable name if we get an exact match.
13043 The name is returned as a mortal SV.
13045 Assumes that PL_op is the op that originally triggered the error, and that
13046 PL_comppad/PL_curpad points to the currently executing pad.
13052 S_find_uninit_var(pTHX_ const OP *const obase, const SV *const uninit_sv,
13058 const OP *o, *o2, *kid;
13060 if (!obase || (match && (!uninit_sv || uninit_sv == &PL_sv_undef ||
13061 uninit_sv == &PL_sv_placeholder)))
13064 switch (obase->op_type) {
13071 const bool pad = (obase->op_type == OP_PADAV || obase->op_type == OP_PADHV);
13072 const bool hash = (obase->op_type == OP_PADHV || obase->op_type == OP_RV2HV);
13075 int subscript_type = FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN;
13077 if (pad) { /* @lex, %lex */
13078 sv = PAD_SVl(obase->op_targ);
13082 if (cUNOPx(obase)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV) {
13083 /* @global, %global */
13084 gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(obase)->op_first);
13087 sv = hash ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)): MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv));
13089 else /* @{expr}, %{expr} */
13090 return find_uninit_var(cUNOPx(obase)->op_first,
13094 /* attempt to find a match within the aggregate */
13096 keysv = find_hash_subscript((const HV*)sv, uninit_sv);
13098 subscript_type = FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH;
13101 index = find_array_subscript((const AV *)sv, uninit_sv);
13103 subscript_type = FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY;
13106 if (match && subscript_type == FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN)
13109 return varname(gv, hash ? '%' : '@', obase->op_targ,
13110 keysv, index, subscript_type);
13114 if (match && PAD_SVl(obase->op_targ) != uninit_sv)
13116 return varname(NULL, '$', obase->op_targ,
13117 NULL, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
13120 gv = cGVOPx_gv(obase);
13121 if (!gv || (match && GvSV(gv) != uninit_sv))
13123 return varname(gv, '$', 0, NULL, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
13126 if (obase->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { /* lexical array */
13129 AV *av = MUTABLE_AV(PAD_SV(obase->op_targ));
13130 if (!av || SvRMAGICAL(av))
13132 svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)obase->op_private, FALSE);
13133 if (!svp || *svp != uninit_sv)
13136 return varname(NULL, '$', obase->op_targ,
13137 NULL, (I32)obase->op_private, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
13140 gv = cGVOPx_gv(obase);
13145 AV *const av = GvAV(gv);
13146 if (!av || SvRMAGICAL(av))
13148 svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)obase->op_private, FALSE);
13149 if (!svp || *svp != uninit_sv)
13152 return varname(gv, '$', 0,
13153 NULL, (I32)obase->op_private, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
13158 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
13159 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_NULL ||
13160 ! (o->op_targ == OP_AELEM || o->op_targ == OP_HELEM))
13162 return find_uninit_var(cBINOPo->op_last, uninit_sv, match);
13166 if (PL_op == obase)
13167 /* $a[uninit_expr] or $h{uninit_expr} */
13168 return find_uninit_var(cBINOPx(obase)->op_last, uninit_sv, match);
13171 o = cBINOPx(obase)->op_first;
13172 kid = cBINOPx(obase)->op_last;
13174 /* get the av or hv, and optionally the gv */
13176 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_PADHV) {
13177 sv = PAD_SV(o->op_targ);
13179 else if ((o->op_type == OP_RV2AV || o->op_type == OP_RV2HV)
13180 && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_GV)
13182 gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
13186 == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv));
13191 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_CONST && SvOK(cSVOPx_sv(kid))) {
13192 /* index is constant */
13196 if (obase->op_type == OP_HELEM) {
13197 HE* he = hv_fetch_ent(MUTABLE_HV(sv), cSVOPx_sv(kid), 0, 0);
13198 if (!he || HeVAL(he) != uninit_sv)
13202 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(MUTABLE_AV(sv), SvIV(cSVOPx_sv(kid)), FALSE);
13203 if (!svp || *svp != uninit_sv)
13207 if (obase->op_type == OP_HELEM)
13208 return varname(gv, '%', o->op_targ,
13209 cSVOPx_sv(kid), 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH);
13211 return varname(gv, '@', o->op_targ, NULL,
13212 SvIV(cSVOPx_sv(kid)), FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
13215 /* index is an expression;
13216 * attempt to find a match within the aggregate */
13217 if (obase->op_type == OP_HELEM) {
13218 SV * const keysv = find_hash_subscript((const HV*)sv, uninit_sv);
13220 return varname(gv, '%', o->op_targ,
13221 keysv, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_HASH);
13225 = find_array_subscript((const AV *)sv, uninit_sv);
13227 return varname(gv, '@', o->op_targ,
13228 NULL, index, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_ARRAY);
13233 (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV)
13235 o->op_targ, NULL, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_WITHIN);
13240 /* only examine RHS */
13241 return find_uninit_var(cBINOPx(obase)->op_first, uninit_sv, match);
13244 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
13245 if (o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
13248 if (!o->op_sibling) {
13249 /* one-arg version of open is highly magical */
13251 if (o->op_type == OP_GV) { /* open FOO; */
13253 if (match && GvSV(gv) != uninit_sv)
13255 return varname(gv, '$', 0,
13256 NULL, 0, FUV_SUBSCRIPT_NONE);
13258 /* other possibilities not handled are:
13259 * open $x; or open my $x; should return '${*$x}'
13260 * open expr; should return '$'.expr ideally
13266 /* ops where $_ may be an implicit arg */
13270 if ( !(obase->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
13271 if (uninit_sv == ((obase->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
13272 ? PAD_SVl(obase->op_targ)
13275 sv = sv_newmortal();
13276 sv_setpvs(sv, "$_");
13285 match = 1; /* print etc can return undef on defined args */
13286 /* skip filehandle as it can't produce 'undef' warning */
13287 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
13288 if ((obase->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
13289 o = o->op_sibling->op_sibling;
13293 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* could be eval $undef or $x='$undef'; eval $x */
13295 case OP_CUSTOM: /* XS or custom code could trigger random warnings */
13297 /* the following ops are capable of returning PL_sv_undef even for
13298 * defined arg(s) */
13317 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
13365 case OP_SMARTMATCH:
13374 /* XXX tmp hack: these two may call an XS sub, and currently
13375 XS subs don't have a SUB entry on the context stack, so CV and
13376 pad determination goes wrong, and BAD things happen. So, just
13377 don't try to determine the value under those circumstances.
13378 Need a better fix at dome point. DAPM 11/2007 */
13384 GV * const gv = gv_fetchpvs(".", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV);
13385 if (gv && GvSV(gv) == uninit_sv)
13386 return newSVpvs_flags("$.", SVs_TEMP);
13391 /* def-ness of rval pos() is independent of the def-ness of its arg */
13392 if ( !(obase->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
13397 if (SvROK(PL_rs) && uninit_sv == SvRV(PL_rs))
13398 return newSVpvs_flags("${$/}", SVs_TEMP);
13403 if (!(obase->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
13405 o = cUNOPx(obase)->op_first;
13411 /* if all except one arg are constant, or have no side-effects,
13412 * or are optimized away, then it's unambiguous */
13414 for (kid=o; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
13416 const OPCODE type = kid->op_type;
13417 if ( (type == OP_CONST && SvOK(cSVOPx_sv(kid)))
13418 || (type == OP_NULL && ! (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
13419 || (type == OP_PUSHMARK)
13423 if (o2) { /* more than one found */
13430 return find_uninit_var(o2, uninit_sv, match);
13432 /* scan all args */
13434 sv = find_uninit_var(o, uninit_sv, 1);
13446 =for apidoc report_uninit
13448 Print appropriate "Use of uninitialized variable" warning
13454 Perl_report_uninit(pTHX_ const SV *uninit_sv)
13458 SV* varname = NULL;
13460 varname = find_uninit_var(PL_op, uninit_sv,0);
13462 sv_insert(varname, 0, 0, " ", 1);
13464 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED), PL_warn_uninit,
13465 varname ? SvPV_nolen_const(varname) : "",
13466 " in ", OP_DESC(PL_op));
13469 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED), PL_warn_uninit,
13475 * c-indentation-style: bsd
13476 * c-basic-offset: 4
13477 * indent-tabs-mode: t
13480 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: