madly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004 Larry Wall
   4  *
   5  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   6  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   7  *
   8  */
   9
  10 /*
  11  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  12  * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  13  */
  14
  15 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  16
  17 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  18 %pure_parser
  19
  20 %start prog
  21
  22 %union {
  23     I32 ival;
  24     char *pval;
  25     TOKEN* tkval;
  26     OP *opval;
  27     GV *gvval;
  28 }
  29
  30 %token <tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*'
  31
  32 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
  33 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  34 %token <tkval> LABEL
  35 %token <tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  36 %token <tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  37 %token <tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  38 %token <tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT
  39 %token <tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  40 %token <tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  41 %token <tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  42 %token <tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  43 %token <tkval> COLONATTR
  44
  45 %type <ival> prog progstart remember mremember savescope
  46 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  47 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  48 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  49
  50 %type <tkval> '&' ';'
  51
  52 %type <opval> decl format subrout mysubrout package use peg
  53
  54 %type <opval> block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  55 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  56 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
  57 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
  58 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
  59 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
  60 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
  61 %type <opval> switch case
  62 %type <tkval> label
  63
  64 %nonassoc <tkval> PREC_LOW
  65 %nonassoc LOOPEX
  66
  67 %left <tkval> OROP DOROP
  68 %left <tkval> ANDOP
  69 %right <tkval> NOTOP
  70 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
  71 %left <tkval> ','
  72 %right <tkval> ASSIGNOP
  73 %right <tkval> '?' ':'
  74 %nonassoc DOTDOT
  75 %left <tkval> OROR DORDOR
  76 %left <tkval> ANDAND
  77 %left <tkval> BITOROP
  78 %left <tkval> BITANDOP
  79 %nonassoc EQOP
  80 %nonassoc RELOP
  81 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
  82 %nonassoc REQUIRE
  83 %left <tkval> SHIFTOP
  84 %left ADDOP
  85 %left MULOP
  86 %left <tkval> MATCHOP
  87 %right <tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
  88 %right <tkval> POWOP
  89 %nonassoc <tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
  90 %left <tkval> ARROW
  91 %nonassoc <tkval> ')'
  92 %left <tkval> '('
  93 %left '[' '{'
  94
  95 %token <tkval> PEG
  96
  97 %% /* RULES */
  98
  99 /* The whole program */
 100 prog    :       progstart
 101         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
 102                         { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
 103         ;
 104
 105 /* An ordinary block */
 106 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
 107                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)($1)->tk_lval.ival)
 108                               PL_copline = (line_t)($1)->tk_lval.ival;
 109                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 110                           token_getmad($1,$$,'{');
 111                           token_getmad($4,$$,'}');
 112                         }
 113         ;
 114
 115 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 116                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 117         ;
 118
 119 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 120                         { $$ = (I32) allocmy("$_"); }
 121         ;
 122
 123 progstart:
 124                 {
 125                     PL_expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
 126                 }
 127         ;
 128
 129
 130 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 131                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)($1)->tk_lval.ival)
 132                               PL_copline = (line_t)($1)->tk_lval.ival;
 133                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 134                           token_getmad($1,$$,'{');
 135                           token_getmad($4,$$,'}');
 136                         }
 137         ;
 138
 139 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 140                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 141         ;
 142
 143 savescope:      /* NULL */      /* remember stack pos in case of error */
 144                 { $$ = PL_savestack_ix; }
 145
 146 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
 147 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 148                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 149         |       lineseq decl
 150 /*                      { $$ = $1 } */
 151                         { $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 152                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2); }
 153         |       lineseq savescope line
 154                         {   LEAVE_SCOPE($2);
 155                             $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 156                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$3);
 157                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 158                             if ($1 && $3) PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 159         ;
 160
 161 /* A "line" in the program */
 162 line    :       label cond
 163                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval, $2);
 164                           token_getmad($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 165         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 166         |       switch  /* ... and so do switches */
 167                         { $$ = $1; }
 168         |       label case
 169                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval, $2); }
 170         |       label ';'
 171                         {
 172                           if (($1)->tk_lval.pval) {
 173                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval, newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 174                               token_getmad($1,$$,'L');
 175                               token_getmad($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,';');
 176                           }
 177                           else {
 178                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
 179                               PL_copline = NOLINE;
 180                               token_free($1);
 181                               token_getmad($2,$$,';');
 182                           }
 183                           PL_expect = XSTATE;
 184                         }
 185         |       label sideff ';'
 186                         { OP* op;
 187                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval, $2);
 188                           PL_expect = XSTATE;
 189                           /* sideff might already have a nexstate */
 190                           op = ((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first;
 191                           if (op) {
 192                               while (op->op_sibling &&
 193                                  op->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)
 194                                     op = op->op_sibling;
 195                               token_getmad($1,op,'L');
 196                               token_getmad($3,op,';');
 197                           }
 198                         }
 199         ;
 200
 201 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 202 sideff  :       error
 203                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 204         |       expr
 205                         { $$ = $1; }
 206         |       expr IF expr
 207                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 208                           token_getmad($2,$$,'i');
 209                         }
 210         |       expr UNLESS expr
 211                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 212                           token_getmad($2,$$,'i');
 213                         }
 214         |       expr WHILE expr
 215                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 216                           token_getmad($2,$$,'w');
 217                         }
 218         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 219                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 220                           token_getmad($2,$$,'w');
 221                         }
 222         |       expr FOR expr
 223                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, Nullch, (line_t)($2)->tk_lval.ival,
 224                                         Nullop, $3, $1, Nullop);
 225                           token_getmad($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first->op_sibling,'w');
 226                         }
 227         ;
 228
 229 /* else and elsif blocks */
 230 else    :       /* NULL */
 231                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 232         |       ELSE mblock
 233                         { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2);
 234                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 235                         }
 236         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 237                         { PL_copline = (line_t)($1)->tk_lval.ival;
 238                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, $3, scope($5), $6);
 239                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 240                           token_getmad($1,$$,'I');
 241                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
 242                           token_getmad($4,$$,')');
 243                         }
 244         ;
 245
 246 /* Real conditional expressions */
 247 cond    :       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 248                         { PL_copline = (line_t)($1)->tk_lval.ival;
 249                             $$ = block_end($3,
 250                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 251                           token_getmad($1,$$,'I');
 252                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
 253                           token_getmad($5,$$,')');
 254                         }
 255         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 256                         { PL_copline = (line_t)($1)->tk_lval.ival;
 257                             $$ = block_end($3,
 258                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 259                           token_getmad($1,$$,'I');
 260                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
 261                           token_getmad($5,$$,')');
 262                         }
 263         ;
 264
 265 /* Cases for a switch statement */
 266 case    :       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 267         { $$ = block_end($3,
 268                 newWHENOP($4, scope($6))); }
 269         |       DEFAULT block
 270         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, scope($2)); }
 271         ;
 272
 273 /* Continue blocks */
 274 cont    :       /* NULL */
 275                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 276         |       CONTINUE block
 277                         { $$ = scope($2);
 278                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 279                         }
 280         ;
 281
 282 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
 283 loop    :       label WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 284                         { OP *innerop;
 285                           PL_copline = (line_t)$2;
 286                             $$ = block_end($4,
 287                                    newSTATEOP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval,
 288                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 289                                                 ($2)->tk_lval.ival, $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 290                           token_getmad($1,innerop,'L');
 291                           token_getmad($2,innerop,'W');
 292                           token_getmad($3,innerop,'(');
 293                           token_getmad($6,innerop,')');
 294                         }
 295
 296         |       label UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 297                         { OP *innerop;
 298                           PL_copline = (line_t)$2;
 299                             $$ = block_end($4,
 300                                    newSTATEOP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval,
 301                                      newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 302                                                 ($2)->tk_lval.ival, $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 303                           token_getmad($1,innerop,'L');
 304                           token_getmad($2,innerop,'W');
 305                           token_getmad($3,innerop,'(');
 306                           token_getmad($6,innerop,')');
 307                         }
 308         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 309                         { OP *innerop;
 310                           $$ = block_end($4,
 311                              innerop = newFOROP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval, (line_t)($2)->tk_lval.ival, $5, $7, $9, $10));
 312                           token_getmad($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 313                           token_getmad($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 314                           token_getmad($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'d');
 315                           token_getmad($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 316                           token_getmad($8,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 317                         }
 318         |       label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 319                         { OP *innerop;
 320                           $$ = block_end($5,
 321                              innerop = newFOROP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval, (line_t)($2)->tk_lval.ival, mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP),
 322                                           $6, $8, $9));
 323                           token_getmad($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 324                           token_getmad($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 325                           token_getmad($4,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 326                           token_getmad($7,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 327                         }
 328         |       label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 329                         { OP *innerop;
 330                           $$ = block_end($4,
 331                              innerop = newFOROP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval, (line_t)($2)->tk_lval.ival, Nullop, $5, $7, $8));
 332                           token_getmad($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 333                           token_getmad($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 334                           token_getmad($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 335                           token_getmad($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 336                         }
 337         |       label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 338                     mblock
 339                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 340                         { OP *forop;
 341                           PL_copline = (line_t)($2)->tk_lval.ival;
 342                           forop = newSTATEOP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval,
 343                                             newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 344                                                 ($2)->tk_lval.ival, scalar($7),
 345                                                 $12, $10, $9));
 346                           if (!$5)
 347                                 $5 = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
 348                           forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 349                                 newSTATEOP(0,
 350                                            (($1)->tk_lval.pval
 351                                            ?savepv(($1)->tk_lval.pval):Nullch),
 352                                            $5),
 353                                 forop));
 354
 355                           token_getmad($2,forop,'3');
 356                           token_getmad($3,forop,'(');
 357                           token_getmad($6,forop,'1');
 358                           token_getmad($8,forop,'2');
 359                           token_getmad($11,forop,')');
 360                           token_getmad($1,forop,'L');
 361                           $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
 362         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 363                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval,
 364                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 365                                             NOLINE, Nullop, $2, $3, 0));
 366                           token_getmad($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 367         ;
 368
 369 /* Switch blocks */
 370 switch  :       label GIVEN '(' remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 371                         { PL_copline = (line_t) $2;
 372                             $$ = block_end($4,
 373                                 newSTATEOP(0, ($1)->tk_lval.pval,
 374                                     newGIVENOP($6, scope($8),
 375                                         (PADOFFSET) $5) )); }
 376         ;
 377
 378 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 379 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 380                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 381                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 382                           intro_my(); }
 383
 384 /* Normal expression */
 385 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 386                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 387         |       sideff
 388         ;
 389
 390 /* Boolean expression */
 391 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 392                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 393                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 394                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 395         |       expr
 396         ;
 397
 398 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 399 iexpr   :       expr
 400                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 401         ;
 402
 403 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 404 mexpr   :       expr
 405                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 406         ;
 407
 408 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 409                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 410         ;
 411
 412 miexpr  :       iexpr
 413                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 414         ;
 415
 416 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 417 label   :       /* empty */
 418                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 419                           tmplval.pval = Nullch;
 420                           $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0); }
 421         |       LABEL
 422         ;
 423
 424 /* Some kind of declaration - just hang on peg in the parse tree */
 425 decl    :       format
 426                         { $$ = $1; }
 427         |       subrout
 428                         { $$ = $1; }
 429         |       mysubrout
 430                         { $$ = $1; }
 431         |       package
 432                         { $$ = $1; }
 433         |       use
 434                         { $$ = $1; }
 435         |       peg
 436                         { $$ = $1; }
 437         ;
 438
 439 peg     :       PEG
 440                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 441                           token_getmad($1,$$,'p');
 442                         }
 443         ;
 444
 445 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 446                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 447                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 448                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 449                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 450                           token_free($1);
 451                         }
 452         ;
 453
 454 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 455         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = Nullop; }
 456         ;
 457
 458 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 459 mysubrout:      MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 460                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 461                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 462                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 463                         }
 464         ;
 465
 466 /* Subroutine definition */
 467 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 468                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 469                           OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 470                             (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 471                           $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 472                           op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 473                           op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 474                           op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 475                           op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 476                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 477                           append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 478                           $6->op_madprop = 0;
 479                         }
 480         ;
 481
 482 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 483                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 484                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 485
 486         ;
 487
 488 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 489                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 490                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 491         ;
 492
 493 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 494                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 495                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 496         ;
 497
 498 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 499 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 500                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 501                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 502                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 503                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 504                           $$ = $1; }
 505         ;
 506
 507 /* Subroutine prototype */
 508 proto   :       /* NULL */
 509                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 510         |       THING
 511         ;
 512
 513 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 514 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 515                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 516         |       COLONATTR THING
 517                         { $$ = $2;
 518                           token_getmad($1,$$,':');
 519                         }
 520         |       COLONATTR
 521                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
 522                           token_getmad($1,$$,':');
 523                         }
 524         ;
 525
 526 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 527 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 528                         { $$ = $2;
 529                           token_getmad($1,$$,':');
 530                         }
 531         |       COLONATTR
 532                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
 533                           token_getmad($1,$$,':');
 534                         }
 535         ;
 536
 537 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 538 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 539         |       ';'     { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0); PL_expect = XSTATE;
 540                           token_getmad($1,$$,';');
 541                         }
 542         ;
 543
 544 package :       PACKAGE WORD ';'
 545                         { $$ = package($2);
 546                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 547                           token_getmad($3,$$,';');
 548                         }
 549         ;
 550
 551 use     :       USE startsub
 552                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 553                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 554                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 555                           $$ = utilize(($1)->tk_lval.ival, $2, $4, $5, $6);
 556                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 557                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 558                           if (PL_rsfp_filters && AvFILLp(PL_rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 559                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_PV, "", 0), $$, 0);
 560                         }
 561         ;
 562
 563 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 564 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 565                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 566                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 567                         }
 568         |       expr OROP expr
 569                         { $$ = newLOGOP(($2)->tk_lval.ival, 0, $1, $3);
 570                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 571                         }
 572         |       expr DOROP expr
 573                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 574                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 575                         }
 576         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 577         ;
 578
 579 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 580 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 581                         { OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 582                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 583                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 584                         }
 585         |       argexpr ',' term
 586                         {
 587                           $3 = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $3);
 588                           token_getmad($2,$3,',');
 589                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, $3);
 590                         }
 591         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 592         ;
 593
 594 /* List operators */
 595 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr          /* print $fh @args */
 596                         { $$ = convert(($1)->tk_lval.ival, OPf_STACKED,
 597                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(($1)->tk_lval.ival,$2), $3) );
 598                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 599                         }
 600         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 601                         { $$ = convert(($1)->tk_lval.ival, OPf_STACKED,
 602                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(($1)->tk_lval.ival,$3), $4) );
 603                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 604                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
 605                           token_getmad($5,$$,')');
 606                         }
 607         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 608                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 609                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 610                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 611                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 612                           token_getmad($2,$$,'A');
 613                           token_getmad($4,$$,'(');
 614                           token_getmad($6,$$,')');
 615                         }
 616         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 617                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 618                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 619                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 620                           token_getmad($2,$$,'A');
 621                         }
 622         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 623                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 624                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 625                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 626                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 627                         }
 628         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 629                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 630                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 631                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 632                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 633                           token_getmad($3,$$,'(');
 634                           token_getmad($5,$$,')');
 635                         }
 636         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 637                         { $$ = convert(($1)->tk_lval.ival, 0, $2);
 638                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 639                         }
 640         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 641                         { $$ = convert(($1)->tk_lval.ival, 0, $3);
 642                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 643                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
 644                           token_getmad($4,$$,')');
 645                         }
 646         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block          /* map { foo } ... */
 647                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 648                           $3 = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, Nullop, $3); }
 649                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 650                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 651                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 652                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $3, $5), $1));
 653                         }
 654         ;
 655
 656 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 657 method  :       METHOD
 658         |       scalar
 659         ;
 660
 661 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 662 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 663                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 664                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 665                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 666                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 667                           token_getmad($2,$$,'{');
 668                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
 669                           token_getmad($5,$$,'}');
 670                         }
 671         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 672                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 673                           token_getmad($2,$$,'[');
 674                           token_getmad($4,$$,']');
 675                         }
 676         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 677                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 678                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 679                                         scalar($4));
 680                           token_getmad($2,$$,'a');
 681                           token_getmad($3,$$,'[');
 682                           token_getmad($5,$$,']');
 683                         }
 684         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 685                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 686                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 687                                         scalar($3));
 688                           token_getmad($2,$$,'[');
 689                           token_getmad($4,$$,']');
 690                         }
 691         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 692                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 693                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 694                           token_getmad($2,$$,'{');
 695                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
 696                           token_getmad($5,$$,'}');
 697                         }
 698         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 699                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 700                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 701                                         jmaybe($4));
 702                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 703                           token_getmad($2,$$,'a');
 704                           token_getmad($3,$$,'{');
 705                           token_getmad($5,$$,';');
 706                           token_getmad($6,$$,'}');
 707                         }
 708         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 709                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 710                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 711                                         jmaybe($3));
 712                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 713                           token_getmad($2,$$,'{');
 714                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
 715                           token_getmad($5,$$,'}');
 716                         }
 717         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 718                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 719                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 720                           token_getmad($2,$$,'a');
 721                           token_getmad($3,$$,'(');
 722                           token_getmad($4,$$,')');
 723                         }
 724         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 725                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 726                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 727                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 728                           token_getmad($2,$$,'a');
 729                           token_getmad($3,$$,'(');
 730                           token_getmad($5,$$,')');
 731                         }
 732
 733         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 734                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 735                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 736                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 737                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
 738                           token_getmad($4,$$,')');
 739                         }
 740         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 741                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 742                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 743                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
 744                           token_getmad($3,$$,')');
 745                         }
 746         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 747                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 748                           token_getmad($1,$$,'(');
 749                           token_getmad($3,$$,')');
 750                           token_getmad($4,$$,'[');
 751                           token_getmad($6,$$,']');
 752                         }
 753         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 754                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, Nullop);
 755                           token_getmad($1,$$,'(');
 756                           token_getmad($2,$$,')');
 757                           token_getmad($3,$$,'[');
 758                           token_getmad($5,$$,']');
 759                         }
 760     ;
 761
 762 /* Binary operators between terms */
 763 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term             /* $x = $y */
 764                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, ($2)->tk_lval.ival, $3);
 765                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 766                         }
 767         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 768                         { $$ = newBINOP(($2)->tk_lval.ival, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 769                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 770                         }
 771         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 772                         {   if (($2)->tk_lval.ival != OP_REPEAT)
 773                                 scalar($1);
 774                             $$ = newBINOP(($2)->tk_lval.ival, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 775                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 776                         }
 777         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 778                         { $$ = newBINOP(($2)->tk_lval.ival, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 779                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 780                         }
 781         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 782                         { $$ = newBINOP(($2)->tk_lval.ival, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 783                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 784                         }
 785         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 786                         { $$ = newBINOP(($2)->tk_lval.ival, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 787                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 788                         }
 789         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 790                         { $$ = newBINOP(($2)->tk_lval.ival, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 791                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 792                         }
 793         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 794                         { $$ = newBINOP(($2)->tk_lval.ival, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 795                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 796                         }
 797         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 798                         { $$ = newBINOP(($2)->tk_lval.ival, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 799                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 800                         }
 801         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 802                         { UNOP *op;
 803                           $$ = newRANGE(($2)->tk_lval.ival, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 804                           op = (UNOP*)$$;
 805                           op = (UNOP*)op->op_first;     /* get to flop */
 806                           op = (UNOP*)op->op_first;     /* get to flip */
 807                           op = (UNOP*)op->op_first;     /* get to range */
 808                           token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 809                         }
 810         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 811                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 812                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 813                         }
 814         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 815                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 816                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 817                         }
 818         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 819                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 820                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 821                         }
 822         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 823                         { $$ = bind_match(($2)->tk_lval.ival, $1, $3);
 824                           if ($$->op_type == OP_NOT)
 825                               token_getmad($2,((UNOP*)$$)->op_first,'~');
 826                             else
 827                               token_getmad($2,$$,'~');
 828                         }
 829     ;
 830
 831 /* Unary operators and terms */
 832 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 833                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
 834                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 835                         }
 836         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 837                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2);
 838                           token_getmad($1,$$,'+');
 839                         }
 840         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 841                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
 842                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 843                         }
 844         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 845                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
 846                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 847                         }
 848         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 849                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 850                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
 851                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 852                         }
 853         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 854                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 855                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
 856                           token_getmad($2,$$,'o');
 857                         }
 858         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
 859                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 860                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
 861                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 862                         }
 863         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
 864                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 865                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
 866                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 867                         }
 868
 869     ;
 870
 871 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
 872 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
 873                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
 874                           token_getmad($1,$$,'[');
 875                           token_getmad($3,$$,']');
 876                         }
 877         |       '[' ']'
 878                         { $$ = newANONLIST(Nullop);
 879                           token_getmad($1,$$,'[');
 880                           token_getmad($2,$$,']');
 881                         }
 882         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
 883                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
 884                           token_getmad($1,$$,'{');
 885                           token_getmad($3,$$,';');
 886                           token_getmad($4,$$,'}');
 887                         }
 888         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
 889                         { $$ = newANONHASH(Nullop);
 890                           token_getmad($1,$$,'{');
 891                           token_getmad($2,$$,';');
 892                           token_getmad($3,$$,'}');
 893                         }
 894         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
 895                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 896                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
 897                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 898                           op_getmad($3,$$,'s');
 899                           op_getmad($4,$$,'a');
 900                         }
 901
 902     ;
 903
 904 /* Things called with "do" */
 905 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
 906                         { $$ = dofile($2, $1);
 907                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 908                         }
 909         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
 910                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2));
 911                           token_getmad($1,$$,'D');
 912                         }
 913         |       DO WORD '(' ')'                         /* do somesub() */
 914                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
 915                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 916                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
 917                                 scalar(newCVREF(
 918                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
 919                                     scalar($2)
 920                                 )),Nullop)); dep();
 921                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 922                           token_getmad($3,$$,'(');
 923                           token_getmad($4,$$,')');
 924                         }
 925         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'                    /* do somesub(@args) */
 926                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
 927                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 928                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
 929                                 $4,
 930                                 scalar(newCVREF(
 931                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
 932                                     scalar($2)
 933                                 )))); dep();
 934                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 935                           token_getmad($3,$$,'(');
 936                           token_getmad($5,$$,')');
 937                         }
 938         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                      /* do $subref () */
 939                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 940                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
 941                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), Nullop)); dep();
 942                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 943                           token_getmad($3,$$,'(');
 944                           token_getmad($4,$$,')');
 945                         }
 946         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'                 /* do $subref (@args) */
 947                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 948                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
 949                                 $4,
 950                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
 951                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 952                           token_getmad($3,$$,'(');
 953                           token_getmad($5,$$,')');
 954                         }
 955
 956         ;
 957
 958 term    :       termbinop
 959         |       termunop
 960         |       anonymous
 961         |       termdo
 962         |       term '?' term ':' term
 963                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
 964                           token_getmad($2,$$,'?');
 965                           token_getmad($4,$$,':');
 966                         }
 967         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
 968                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN));
 969                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 970                         }
 971         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
 972                         { $$ = $1; }
 973         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
 974                         { $$ = localize($2,($1)->tk_lval.ival);
 975                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 976                         }
 977         |       '(' expr ')'
 978                         { $$ = sawparens(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2));
 979                           token_getmad($1,$$,'(');
 980                           token_getmad($3,$$,')');
 981                         }
 982         |       '(' ')'
 983                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
 984                           token_getmad($1,$$,'(');
 985                           token_getmad($2,$$,')');
 986                         }
 987         |       scalar  %prec '('
 988                         { $$ = $1; }
 989         |       star    %prec '('
 990                         { $$ = $1; }
 991         |       hsh     %prec '('
 992                         { $$ = $1; }
 993         |       ary     %prec '('
 994                         { $$ = $1; }
 995         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
 996                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
 997         |       subscripted
 998                         { $$ = $1; }
 999         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1000                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1001                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1002                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1003                                         list($3),
1004                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1005                           token_getmad($2,$$,'[');
1006                           token_getmad($4,$$,']');
1007                         }
1008         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1009                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1010                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1011                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1012                                         list($3),
1013                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1014                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
1015                           token_getmad($2,$$,'{');
1016                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
1017                           token_getmad($5,$$,'}');
1018                         }
1019         |       THING   %prec '('
1020                         { $$ = $1; }
1021         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1022                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1023         |       amper '(' ')'                        /* &foo() */
1024                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1025                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
1026                           token_getmad($3,$$,')');
1027                         }
1028         |       amper '(' expr ')'                   /* &foo(@args) */
1029                         { OP* op;
1030                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1031                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1032                           op = $$;
1033                           if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1034                             op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1035                           }
1036                           token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1037                           token_getmad($4,op,')');
1038                         }
1039         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
1040                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1041                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1042                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1043                         }
1044         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1045                         { $$ = newOP(($1)->tk_lval.ival, OPf_SPECIAL);
1046                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1047                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1048                         }
1049         |       LOOPEX term
1050                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(($1)->tk_lval.ival,$2);
1051                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1052                         }
1053         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
1054                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1055                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1056                         }
1057         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1058                         { $$ = newOP(($1)->tk_lval.ival, 0);
1059                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1060                         }
1061         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }, I *think* */
1062                         { $$ = newUNOP(($1)->tk_lval.ival, 0, $2);
1063                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1064                         }
1065         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1066                         { $$ = newUNOP(($1)->tk_lval.ival, 0, $2);
1067                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1068                         }
1069         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied *//* FIMXE for MAD needed? */
1070                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0); }
1071         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo *//* FIMXE for MAD needed? */
1072                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2); }
1073         |       UNIOPSUB
1074                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1075         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1076                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1077                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1078         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1079                         { $$ = newOP(($1)->tk_lval.ival, 0);
1080                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1081                         }
1082         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1083                         { $$ = newOP(($1)->tk_lval.ival, 0);
1084                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1085                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
1086                           token_getmad($3,$$,')');
1087                         }
1088         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1089                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1090                                 scalar($1)); }
1091         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1092                         { $$ = newOP(($1)->tk_lval.ival, OPf_SPECIAL);
1093                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1094                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
1095                           token_getmad($3,$$,')');
1096                         }
1097         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1098                         { $$ = newUNOP(($1)->tk_lval.ival, 0, $3);
1099                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
1100                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
1101                           token_getmad($4,$$,')');
1102                         }
1103         |       PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')'          /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1104                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1105                           token_getmad($2,$$,'(');
1106                           token_getmad($4,$$,')');
1107                         }
1108         |       WORD
1109         |       listop
1110         ;
1111
1112 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1113 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1114                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1115                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1116                           append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1117                           $3->op_madprop = 0;
1118                         }
1119         |       MY myterm
1120                         { $$ = localize($2,($1)->tk_lval.ival);
1121                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1122                         }
1123         ;
1124
1125 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1126 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1127                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1128                           token_getmad($1,$$,'(');
1129                           token_getmad($3,$$,')');
1130                         }
1131         |       '(' ')'
1132                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1133                           token_getmad($1,$$,'(');
1134                           token_getmad($2,$$,')');
1135                         }
1136         |       scalar  %prec '('
1137                         { $$ = $1; }
1138         |       hsh     %prec '('
1139                         { $$ = $1; }
1140         |       ary     %prec '('
1141                         { $$ = $1; }
1142         ;
1143
1144 /* Basic list expressions */
1145 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1146                         { $$ = Nullop; }
1147         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1148                         { $$ = $1; }
1149         ;
1150
1151 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
1152                         { $$ = Nullop; }
1153         |       expr
1154                         { $$ = $1; }
1155         |       expr ','
1156                         { OP* op = newNULLLIST();
1157                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
1158                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
1159                         }
1160         ;
1161
1162 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1163    lexical */
1164 my_scalar:      scalar
1165                         { PL_in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1166         ;
1167
1168 amper   :       '&' indirob
1169                         { $$ = newCVREF(($1)->tk_lval.ival,$2);
1170                           token_getmad($1,$$,'&');
1171                         }
1172         ;
1173
1174 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1175                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1176                           token_getmad($1,$$,'$');
1177                         }
1178         ;
1179
1180 ary     :       '@' indirob
1181                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1182                           token_getmad($1,$$,'@');
1183                         }
1184         ;
1185
1186 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1187                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1188                           token_getmad($1,$$,'%');
1189                         }
1190         ;
1191
1192 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1193                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1194                           token_getmad($1,$$,'l');
1195                         }
1196         ;
1197
1198 star    :       '*' indirob
1199                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1200                           token_getmad($1,$$,'*');
1201                         }
1202         ;
1203
1204 /* Indirect objects */
1205 indirob :       WORD
1206                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1207         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1208                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1209         |       block
1210                         { $$ = scope($1); }
1211
1212         |       PRIVATEREF
1213                         { $$ = $1; }
1214         ;