5 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.15.5
9 This document describes differences between the 5.15.4 release and
12 If you are upgrading from an earlier release such as 5.15.3, first read
13 L<perl5154delta>, which describes differences between 5.15.3 and
16 =head1 Core Enhancements
18 =head2 More consistent C<eval>
20 The C<eval> operator sometimes treats a string argument as a sequence of
21 characters and sometimes as a sequence of bytes, depending on the internal
22 encoding. The internal encoding is not supposed to make any difference,
23 but there is code that relies on this inconsistency.
25 Under C<use v5.15> and higher, the C<unicode_eval> and C<evalbytes>
26 features resolve this. The C<unicode_eval> feature causes C<eval $string>
27 to treat the string always as Unicode. The C<evalbytes> features provides
28 a function, itself called C<evalbytes>, which evaluates its argument always
31 These features also fix oddities with source filters leaking to outer
34 See L<feature> for more detail.
38 The C<$[> variable is back again, but is now implemented as a module, so
39 programs that do not mention it (i.e., most of them), will not incur any
40 run-time penalty. In a later release in the 5.15 branch it might be
41 disabled in the scope of C<use v5.16>.
43 The new implementation has some bug fixes. See L<arybase>.
47 =head2 Privileges are now set correctly when assigning to C<$(>
49 A hypothetical bug (probably non-exploitable in practice) due to the
50 incorrect setting of the effective group ID while setting C<$(> has been
51 fixed. The bug would only have affected systems that have C<setresgid()>
52 but not C<setregid()>, but no such systems are known of.
54 =head1 Incompatible Changes
56 =head2 Certain deprecated Unicode properties are no longer supported by default
58 Perl should never have exposed certain Unicode properties that are used
59 by Unicode internally and not meant to be publicly available. Use of
60 these has generated deprecated warning messages since Perl 5.12. The
61 removed properties are Other_Alphabetic,
62 Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point, Other_Grapheme_Extend,
63 Other_ID_Continue, Other_ID_Start, Other_Lowercase, Other_Math, and
66 Perl may be recompiled to include any or all of them; instructions are
68 L<perluniprops/Unicode character properties that are NOT accepted by Perl>.
70 =head2 Dereferencing IO thingies as typeglobs
72 The C<*{...}> operator, when passed a reference to an IO thingy (as in
73 C<*{*STDIN{IO}}>), creates a new typeglob containing just that IO object.
75 Previously, it would stringify as an empty string, but some operators would
76 treat it as undefined, producing an "uninitialized" warning.
78 Having a typeglob appear as an empty string is a side effect of the
79 implementation that has caused various bugs over the years.
81 The solution was to make it stringify like a normal anonymous typeglob,
82 like those produced by C<< open($foo->{bar}, ...) >> [perl #96326].
86 =head2 Don't read the Unicode data base files in F<lib/unicore>
88 It is now deprecated to directly read the Unicode data base files.
89 These are stored in the F<lib/unicore> directory. Instead, you should
90 use the new functions in L<Unicode::UCD>. These provide a stable API,
91 and give complete information. (This API is, however, subject to change
92 somewhat during the 5.15 development cycle, as we gain experience and
93 get feedback from using it.)
95 Perl may at some point in the future change or remove the files. The
96 file most likely for applications to have used is F<lib/unicore/ToDigit.pl>.
97 L<Unicode::UCD/prop_invmap()> can be used to get at its data instead.
99 =head1 Performance Enhancements
105 Due to changes in L<File::Glob>, Perl's C<glob> function and its
106 C<< <...> >> equivalent are now much faster. The splitting of the pattern
107 into words has been rewritten in C, resulting in speed-ups of 20% in some
110 This does not affect VMS, as it does not use File::Glob.
114 =head1 Modules and Pragmata
116 =head2 New Modules and Pragmata
122 L<arybase> -- this new module implements the C<$[> variable.
126 =head2 Updated Modules and Pragmata
132 L<Archive::Extract> has been upgraded from version 0.56 to version 0.58.
136 L<B::Concise> has been upgraded from version 0.86 to version 0.87.
140 L<B::Deparse> has been upgraded from version 1.08 to version 1.09.
142 It now correctly deparses C<CORE::do>, C<CORE::glob> and slices of empty
147 L<CGI> has been upgraded from version 3.55 to version 3.58.
149 Use public and documented FCGI.pm API in CGI::Fast
150 CGI::Fast was using an FCGI API that was deprecated and removed from
151 documentation more than ten years ago. Usage of this deprecated API with
152 FCGI E<gt>= 0.70 or FCGI E<lt>= 0.73 introduces a security issue.
153 L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=68380>
154 L<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2011-2766>
158 L<charnames> has been upgraded from version 1.23 to version 1.24.
162 L<Compress::Raw::Bzip2> has been upgraded from version 2.037 to version 2.042.
166 L<Compress::Raw::Zlib> has been upgraded from version 2.037 to version 2.042.
170 L<Compress::Zlib> has been upgraded from version 2.037 to version 2.042.
174 L<CPANPLUS> has been upgraded from version 0.9111 to version 0.9112.
178 L<CPANPLUS::Dist::Build> has been upgraded from version 0.58 to version 0.60.
182 L<Digest::SHA> has been upgraded from version 5.62 to version 5.63.
184 Added code to allow very large data inputs all at once, which had previously been
185 limited to several hundred megabytes at a time
189 L<Errno> has been upgraded from version 1.14 to version 1.15.
191 Choosing an archname containing a @, $ or % character no longer results in
192 unintended interpolation in Errno's architecture check.
196 L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> has been upgraded from version 6.61_01 to version 6.63_02.
200 L<feature> has been upgraded from version 1.22 to version 1.23.
204 L<File::DosGlob> has been upgraded from version 1.05 to version 1.06.
208 L<File::Glob> has been upgraded from version 1.13 to version 1.14.
210 It has a new C<:bsd_glob> export tag, intended to replace C<:glob>. Like
211 C<:glob> it overrides C<glob> with a function that does not split the glob
212 pattern into words, but, unlike C<:glob>, it iterates properly in scalar
213 context, instead of returning the last file.
215 There are other changes affecting Perl's own C<glob> operator (which uses
216 File::Glob internally, except on VMS). See L</Performance Enhancements>
217 and L</Selected Bug Fixes>.
221 L<HTTP::Tiny> has been upgraded from version 0.013 to version 0.016.
223 Adds additional shorthand methods for all common HTTP verbs,
224 a C<post_form()> method for POST-ing x-www-form-urlencoded data and
225 a C<www_form_urlencode()> utility method.
229 L<Opcode> has been upgraded from version 1.20 to version 1.21.
233 L<perlfaq> has been upgraded from version 5.0150035 to version 5.0150036.
237 L<Socket> as been upgraded from version 1.94_01 to 1.94_02.
239 It has new functions and constants for handling IPv6 sockets:
255 L<Storable> has been upgraded from version 2.32 to 2.33.
257 The ability to add a fake entry to %INC to prevent Log::Agent from loading
258 has been restored. In version 2.27 (included with perl 5.14.0), Storable
259 starting producing an error instead.
263 L<strict> has been upgraded from version 1.04 to version 1.05.
267 L<Unicode::Collate> has been upgraded from version 0.80 to version 0.85.
269 Locales updated to CLDR 2.0: mk, mt, nb, nn, ro, ru, sk, sr, sv, uk,
270 zh__pinyin, zh__stroke
271 Newly supported locales: bn, fa, ml, mr, or, pa, sa, si, si__dictionary,
272 sr_Latn, sv__reformed, ta, te, th, ur, wae.
276 L<Unicode::UCD> has been upgraded from version 0.36 to version 0.37.
278 This adds four new functions: C<prop_aliases()>, and
279 C<prop_value_aliases()> which are used to find all the Unicode-approved
280 synonyms for property names, or to convert from one name to another;
281 C<prop_invlist> which returns all the code points matching a given
282 Unicode binary property; and C<prop_invmap> which returns the complete
283 specification of a given Unicode property.
287 L<UNIVERSAL> has been upgraded from version 1.09 to version 1.10.
293 The following additions or changes have been made to diagnostic output,
294 including warnings and fatal error messages. For the complete list of
295 diagnostic messages, see L<perldiag>.
297 =head2 New Diagnostics
305 L<Source filters apply only to byte streams|perldiag/"Source filters apply only to byte streams">
307 This new error occurs when you try to activate a source filter (usually by
308 loading a source filter module) within a string passed to C<eval> under the
309 C<unicode_eval> feature.
313 L<That use of $[ is unsupported|perldiag/"That use of $[ is unsupported">
315 This previously removed error has been restored with the re-implementation
316 of C<$[> as a module.
326 L<length() used on %s|perldiag/length() used on %s>
328 This new warning occurs when C<length> is used on an array or hash, instead
329 of C<scalar(@array)> or C<scalar(keys %hash)>.
333 L<$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)|perldiag/"$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)">
335 This new warning exists to catch the mistaken use of C<$[> in version
336 checks. C<$]>, not C<$[>, contains the version number. C<$[> in a numeric
337 comparison is almost always wrong.
341 L<Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated|perldiag/"Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated">
343 This previously removed warning has been restored with the re-implementation
344 of C<$[> as a module.
348 =head2 Changes to Existing Diagnostics
354 The uninitialized warning for C<y///r> when C<$_> is implicit and undefined
355 now mentions the variable name, just like the non-/r variation of the
360 The "Applying pattern match..." or similar warning produced when an array
361 or hash is on the left-hand side of the C<=~> operator now mentions the
362 name of the variable.
366 =head1 Configuration and Compilation
372 F<pod/buildtoc>, used by the build process to build L<perltoc>, has been
373 refactored and simplified. It now only contains code to build L<perltoc>;
374 the code to regenerate Makefiles has been moved to F<Porting/pod_rules.pl>.
375 It's a bug if this change has any material effect on the build process.
379 =head1 Platform Support
381 =head2 Platform-Specific Notes
387 Numerous build and test failures on GNU/Hurd have been resolved with hints
388 for building DBM modules, detection of the library search path, and enabling
389 of large file support.
393 Perl is now built with dynamic linking on OpenVOS, the minimum supported
394 version of which is now Release 17.1.0.
398 The CC workshop C++ compiler is now detected and used on systems that ship
403 =head1 Internal Changes
409 C<PL_curstash> is now reference-counted.
413 =head1 Selected Bug Fixes
419 Perl now holds an extra reference count on the package that code is
420 currently compiling in. This means that the following code no longer crashes [perl #101486]:
423 BEGIN {*Foo:: = *Bar::}
428 F<dumpvar.pl>, and consequently the C<x> command in the debugger, have been
429 fixed to handle objects blessed into classes whose names contain "=". The
430 contents of such objects used not to be dumped [perl #101814].
434 The C<x> repetition operator no longer crashes on 64-bit builds with large
435 repeat counts [perl #94560].
439 A fix to C<glob> under miniperl (used to configure modules when perl itself
440 is built) in Perl 5.15.3 stopped C<< <~> >> from returning the home
441 directory, because it cleared %ENV before calling csh. Now C<$ENV{HOME}>
442 is preserved. This fix probably does not affect anything. If
443 L<File::Glob> fails to load for some reason, Perl reverts to using csh.
444 So it would apply in that case.
448 On OSes other than VMS, Perl's C<glob> operator (and the C<< <...> >> form)
449 use L<File::Glob> underneath. L<File::Glob> splits the pattern into words,
450 before feeding each word to its C<bsd_glob> function.
452 There were several inconsistencies in the way the split was done. Now
453 quotation marks (' and ") are always treated as shell-style word delimiters
454 (that allow whitespace as part of a word) and backslashes are always
455 preserved, unless they exist to escape quotation marks. Before, those
456 would only sometimes be the case, depending on whether the pattern
457 contained whitespace. Also, escaped whitespace at the end of the pattern
458 is no longer stripped [perl #40470].
462 C<CORE::glob> now works as a way to call the default globbing function. It
463 used to respect overrides, despite the C<CORE::> prefix.
467 In 5.14, C</[[:lower:]]/i> and C</[[:upper:]]/i> no longer matched the
468 opposite case. This has been fixed [perl #101970].
472 A regular expression match with an overloaded object on the right-hand side
473 would in some cases stringify the object too many times.
477 The C-level C<pregcomp> function could become confused as to whether the
478 pattern was in UTF8 if the pattern was an overloaded, tied, or otherwise
479 magical scalar [perl #101940].
483 A regression has been fixed that was introduced in 5.14, in C</i>
484 regular expression matching, in which a match improperly fails if the
485 pattern is in UTF-8, the target string is not, and a Latin-1 character
486 precedes a character in the string that should match the pattern. [perl
491 C<@{"..."} = reverse ...> started crashing in 5.15.3. This has been fixed.
495 C<ref> in a tainted expression started producing an "sv_upgrade" error in
496 5.15.4. This has been fixed.
500 Weak references to lexical hashes going out of scope were not going stale
501 (becoming undefined), but continued to point to the hash.
505 Weak references to lexical variables going out of scope are now broken
506 before any magical methods (e.g., DESTROY on a tie object) are called.
507 This prevents such methods from modifying the variable that will be seen
508 the next time the scope is entered.
512 A C<keys> optimisation in Perl 5.12.0 to make it faster on empty hashes
513 caused C<each> not to reset the iterator if called after the last element
514 was deleted. This has been fixed.
518 The C<#line 42 foo> directive used not to update the arrays of lines used
519 by the debugger if it occurred in a string eval. This was partially fixed
520 in 5.14, but it only worked for a single C<#line 42 foo> in each eval. Now
521 it works for multiple.
525 String eval used not to localise C<%^H> when compiling its argument if it
526 was empty at the time the C<eval> call itself was compiled. This could
527 lead to scary side effects, like C<use re "/m"> enabling other flags that
528 the surrounding code was trying to enable for its caller [perl #68750].
532 Creating a BEGIN block from XS code (via C<newXS> or C<newATTRSUB>) would,
533 on completion, make the hints of the current compiling code the current
534 hints. This could cause warnings to occur in a non-warning scope.
538 C<eval $string> and C<require> no longer localise hints (C<$^H> and C<%^H>)
539 at run time, but only during compilation of the $string or required file.
540 This makes C<BEGIN { $^H{foo}=7 }> equivalent to
541 C<BEGIN { eval '$^H{foo}=7' }> [perl #70151].
545 When subroutine calls are intercepted by the debugger, the name of the
546 subroutine or a reference to it is stored in C<$DB::sub>, for the debugger
547 to access. In some cases (such as C<$foo = *bar; undef *bar; &$foo>)
548 C<$DB::sub> would be set to a name that could not be used to find the
549 subroutine, and so the debugger's attempt to call it would fail. Now the
550 check to see whether a reference is needed is more robust, so those
551 problems should not happen anymore [rt.cpan.org #69862].
555 Localising a tied scalar that returns a typeglob no longer stops it from
556 being tied till the end of the scope.
560 When C<open> is called with three arguments, the third being a file handle
561 (as in C<< open $fh, ">&", $fh2 >>), if the third argument is tied or a
562 reference to a tied variable, FETCH is now called exactly once, instead of
563 0, 2, or 3 times (all of which could occur in various circumstances).
567 C<sort> no longer ignores FETCH when passed a reference to a tied glob for
568 the comparison routine.
572 Warnings emitted by C<sort> when a custom comparison routine returns a
573 non-numeric value now show the line number of the C<sort> operator, rather
574 than the last line of the comparison routine. The warnings also occur now
575 only if warnings are enabled in the scope where C<sort> occurs. Previously
576 the warnings would occur if enabled in the comparison routine's scope.
580 C<Internals::SvREFCNT> now behaves consistently in 'get' and 'set' scenarios
581 [perl #103222] and also treats the reference count as unsigned.
585 =head1 Acknowledgements
587 XXX Generate this with:
589 perl Porting/acknowledgements.pl v5.15.4..HEAD
591 =head1 Reporting Bugs
593 If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles
594 recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl
595 bug database at http://rt.perl.org/perlbug/ . There may also be
596 information at http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page.
598 If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the L<perlbug>
599 program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down
600 to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the
601 output of C<perl -V>, will be sent off to perlbug@perl.org to be
602 analysed by the Perl porting team.
604 If the bug you are reporting has security implications, which make it
605 inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then please send
606 it to perl5-security-report@perl.org. This points to a closed subscription
607 unarchived mailing list, which includes
608 all the core committers, who will be able
609 to help assess the impact of issues, figure out a resolution, and help
610 co-ordinate the release of patches to mitigate or fix the problem across all
611 platforms on which Perl is supported. Please only use this address for
612 security issues in the Perl core, not for modules independently
617 The F<Changes> file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details
620 The F<INSTALL> file for how to build Perl.
622 The F<README> file for general stuff.
624 The F<Artistic> and F<Copying> files for copyright information.