4 perl5db.pl - the perl debugger
8 perl -d your_Perl_script
12 C<perl5db.pl> is the perl debugger. It is loaded automatically by Perl when
13 you invoke a script with C<perl -d>. This documentation tries to outline the
14 structure and services provided by C<perl5db.pl>, and to describe how you
19 The debugger can look pretty forbidding to many Perl programmers. There are
20 a number of reasons for this, many stemming out of the debugger's history.
22 When the debugger was first written, Perl didn't have a lot of its nicer
23 features - no references, no lexical variables, no closures, no object-oriented
24 programming. So a lot of the things one would normally have done using such
25 features was done using global variables, globs and the C<local()> operator
28 Some of these have survived into the current debugger; a few of the more
29 interesting and still-useful idioms are noted in this section, along with notes
30 on the comments themselves.
32 =head2 Why not use more lexicals?
34 Experienced Perl programmers will note that the debugger code tends to use
35 mostly package globals rather than lexically-scoped variables. This is done
36 to allow a significant amount of control of the debugger from outside the
39 Unfortunately, though the variables are accessible, they're not well
40 documented, so it's generally been a decision that hasn't made a lot of
41 difference to most users. Where appropriate, comments have been added to
42 make variables more accessible and usable, with the understanding that these
43 I<are> debugger internals, and are therefore subject to change. Future
44 development should probably attempt to replace the globals with a well-defined
45 API, but for now, the variables are what we've got.
47 =head2 Automated variable stacking via C<local()>
49 As you may recall from reading C<perlfunc>, the C<local()> operator makes a
50 temporary copy of a variable in the current scope. When the scope ends, the
51 old copy is restored. This is often used in the debugger to handle the
52 automatic stacking of variables during recursive calls:
57 # Do some stuff, then ...
61 What happens is that on entry to the subroutine, C<$some_global> is localized,
62 then altered. When the subroutine returns, Perl automatically undoes the
63 localization, restoring the previous value. Voila, automatic stack management.
65 The debugger uses this trick a I<lot>. Of particular note is C<DB::eval>,
66 which lets the debugger get control inside of C<eval>'ed code. The debugger
67 localizes a saved copy of C<$@> inside the subroutine, which allows it to
68 keep C<$@> safe until it C<DB::eval> returns, at which point the previous
69 value of C<$@> is restored. This makes it simple (well, I<simpler>) to keep
70 track of C<$@> inside C<eval>s which C<eval> other C<eval's>.
72 In any case, watch for this pattern. It occurs fairly often.
76 This is used to cleverly reverse the sense of a logical test depending on
77 the value of an auxiliary variable. For instance, the debugger's C<S>
78 (search for subroutines by pattern) allows you to negate the pattern
81 # Find all non-'foo' subs:
84 Boolean algebra states that the truth table for XOR looks like this:
90 (! not present and no match) --> false, don't print
94 (! not present and matches) --> true, print
98 (! present and no match) --> true, print
102 (! present and matches) --> false, don't print
106 As you can see, the first pair applies when C<!> isn't supplied, and
107 the second pair applies when it is. The XOR simply allows us to
108 compact a more complicated if-then-elseif-else into a more elegant
109 (but perhaps overly clever) single test. After all, it needed this
112 =head2 FLAGS, FLAGS, FLAGS
114 There is a certain C programming legacy in the debugger. Some variables,
115 such as C<$single>, C<$trace>, and C<$frame>, have I<magical> values composed
116 of 1, 2, 4, etc. (powers of 2) OR'ed together. This allows several pieces
117 of state to be stored independently in a single scalar.
123 is checking to see if the appropriate bit is on. Since each bit can be
124 "addressed" independently in this way, C<$scalar> is acting sort of like
125 an array of bits. Obviously, since the contents of C<$scalar> are just a
126 bit-pattern, we can save and restore it easily (it will just look like
129 The problem, is of course, that this tends to leave magic numbers scattered
130 all over your program whenever a bit is set, cleared, or checked. So why do
137 First, doing an arithmetical or bitwise operation on a scalar is
138 just about the fastest thing you can do in Perl: C<use constant> actually
139 creates a subroutine call, and array and hash lookups are much slower. Is
140 this over-optimization at the expense of readability? Possibly, but the
141 debugger accesses these variables a I<lot>. Any rewrite of the code will
142 probably have to benchmark alternate implementations and see which is the
143 best balance of readability and speed, and then document how it actually
148 Second, it's very easy to serialize a scalar number. This is done in
149 the restart code; the debugger state variables are saved in C<%ENV> and then
150 restored when the debugger is restarted. Having them be just numbers makes
155 Third, some of these variables are being shared with the Perl core
156 smack in the middle of the interpreter's execution loop. It's much faster for
157 a C program (like the interpreter) to check a bit in a scalar than to access
158 several different variables (or a Perl array).
162 =head2 What are those C<XXX> comments for?
164 Any comment containing C<XXX> means that the comment is either somewhat
165 speculative - it's not exactly clear what a given variable or chunk of
166 code is doing, or that it is incomplete - the basics may be clear, but the
167 subtleties are not completely documented.
169 Send in a patch if you can clear up, fill out, or clarify an C<XXX>.
171 =head1 DATA STRUCTURES MAINTAINED BY CORE
173 There are a number of special data structures provided to the debugger by
174 the Perl interpreter.
176 The array C<@{$main::{'_<'.$filename}}> (aliased locally to C<@dbline>
177 via glob assignment) contains the text from C<$filename>, with each
178 element corresponding to a single line of C<$filename>. Additionally,
179 breakable lines will be dualvars with the numeric component being the
180 memory address of a COP node. Non-breakable lines are dualvar to 0.
182 The hash C<%{'_<'.$filename}> (aliased locally to C<%dbline> via glob
183 assignment) contains breakpoints and actions. The keys are line numbers;
184 you can set individual values, but not the whole hash. The Perl interpreter
185 uses this hash to determine where breakpoints have been set. Any true value is
186 considered to be a breakpoint; C<perl5db.pl> uses C<$break_condition\0$action>.
187 Values are magical in numeric context: 1 if the line is breakable, 0 if not.
189 The scalar C<${"_<$filename"}> simply contains the string C<<< _<$filename> >>>.
190 This is also the case for evaluated strings that contain subroutines, or
191 which are currently being executed. The $filename for C<eval>ed strings looks
194 =head1 DEBUGGER STARTUP
196 When C<perl5db.pl> starts, it reads an rcfile (C<perl5db.ini> for
197 non-interactive sessions, C<.perldb> for interactive ones) that can set a number
198 of options. In addition, this file may define a subroutine C<&afterinit>
199 that will be executed (in the debugger's context) after the debugger has
202 Next, it checks the C<PERLDB_OPTS> environment variable and treats its
203 contents as the argument of a C<o> command in the debugger.
205 =head2 STARTUP-ONLY OPTIONS
207 The following options can only be specified at startup.
208 To set them in your rcfile, add a call to
209 C<&parse_options("optionName=new_value")>.
215 the TTY to use for debugging i/o.
219 if set, goes in NonStop mode. On interrupt, if TTY is not set,
220 uses the value of noTTY or F<$HOME/.perldbtty$$> to find TTY using
221 Term::Rendezvous. Current variant is to have the name of TTY in this
226 if false, a dummy ReadLine is used, so you can debug
227 ReadLine applications.
231 if true, no i/o is performed until interrupt.
235 file or pipe to print line number info to. If it is a
236 pipe, a short "emacs like" message is used.
240 host:port to connect to on remote host for remote debugging.
244 file to store session history to. There is no default and so no
245 history file is written unless this variable is explicitly set.
249 number of commands to store to the file specified in C<HistFile>.
256 &parse_options("NonStop=1 LineInfo=db.out");
257 sub afterinit { $trace = 1; }
259 The script will run without human intervention, putting trace
260 information into C<db.out>. (If you interrupt it, you had better
261 reset C<LineInfo> to something I<interactive>!)
263 =head1 INTERNALS DESCRIPTION
265 =head2 DEBUGGER INTERFACE VARIABLES
267 Perl supplies the values for C<%sub>. It effectively inserts
268 a C<&DB::DB();> in front of each place that can have a
269 breakpoint. At each subroutine call, it calls C<&DB::sub> with
270 C<$DB::sub> set to the called subroutine. It also inserts a C<BEGIN
271 {require 'perl5db.pl'}> before the first line.
273 After each C<require>d file is compiled, but before it is executed, a
274 call to C<&DB::postponed($main::{'_<'.$filename})> is done. C<$filename>
275 is the expanded name of the C<require>d file (as found via C<%INC>).
277 =head3 IMPORTANT INTERNAL VARIABLES
281 Used to control when the debugger will attempt to acquire another TTY to be
286 =item * 1 - on C<fork()>
288 =item * 2 - debugger is started inside debugger
290 =item * 4 - on startup
296 The value -2 indicates that no return value should be printed.
297 Any other positive value causes C<DB::sub> to print return values.
301 The item to be eval'ed by C<DB::eval>. Used to prevent messing with the current
302 contents of C<@_> when C<DB::eval> is called.
306 Determines what messages (if any) will get printed when a subroutine (or eval)
307 is entered or exited.
311 =item * 0 - No enter/exit messages
313 =item * 1 - Print I<entering> messages on subroutine entry
315 =item * 2 - Adds exit messages on subroutine exit. If no other flag is on, acts like 1+2.
317 =item * 4 - Extended messages: C<< <in|out> I<context>=I<fully-qualified sub name> from I<file>:I<line> >>. If no other flag is on, acts like 1+4.
319 =item * 8 - Adds parameter information to messages, and overloaded stringify and tied FETCH is enabled on the printed arguments. Ignored if C<4> is not on.
321 =item * 16 - Adds C<I<context> return from I<subname>: I<value>> messages on subroutine/eval exit. Ignored if C<4> is is not on.
325 To get everything, use C<$frame=30> (or C<o f=30> as a debugger command).
326 The debugger internally juggles the value of C<$frame> during execution to
327 protect external modules that the debugger uses from getting traced.
331 Tracks current debugger nesting level. Used to figure out how many
332 C<E<lt>E<gt>> pairs to surround the line number with when the debugger
333 outputs a prompt. Also used to help determine if the program has finished
334 during command parsing.
336 =head4 C<$onetimeDump>
338 Controls what (if anything) C<DB::eval()> will print after evaluating an
343 =item * C<undef> - don't print anything
345 =item * C<dump> - use C<dumpvar.pl> to display the value returned
347 =item * C<methods> - print the methods callable on the first item returned
351 =head4 C<$onetimeDumpDepth>
353 Controls how far down C<dumpvar.pl> will go before printing C<...> while
354 dumping a structure. Numeric. If C<undef>, print all levels.
358 Used to track whether or not an C<INT> signal has been detected. C<DB::DB()>,
359 which is called before every statement, checks this and puts the user into
360 command mode if it finds C<$signal> set to a true value.
364 Controls behavior during single-stepping. Stacked in C<@stack> on entry to
365 each subroutine; popped again at the end of each subroutine.
369 =item * 0 - run continuously.
371 =item * 1 - single-step, go into subs. The C<s> command.
373 =item * 2 - single-step, don't go into subs. The C<n> command.
375 =item * 4 - print current sub depth (turned on to force this when C<too much
382 Controls the output of trace information.
386 =item * 1 - The C<t> command was entered to turn on tracing (every line executed is printed)
388 =item * 2 - watch expressions are active
390 =item * 4 - user defined a C<watchfunction()> in C<afterinit()>
394 =head4 C<$slave_editor>
396 1 if C<LINEINFO> was directed to a pipe; 0 otherwise.
400 Stack of filehandles that C<DB::readline()> will read commands from.
401 Manipulated by the debugger's C<source> command and C<DB::readline()> itself.
405 Local alias to the magical line array, C<@{$main::{'_<'.$filename}}> ,
406 supplied by the Perl interpreter to the debugger. Contains the source.
410 Previous values of watch expressions. First set when the expression is
411 entered; reset whenever the watch expression changes.
415 Saves important globals (C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, C<$^W>)
416 so that the debugger can substitute safe values while it's running, and
417 restore them when it returns control.
421 Saves the current value of C<$single> on entry to a subroutine.
422 Manipulated by the C<c> command to turn off tracing in all subs above the
427 The 'watch' expressions: to be evaluated before each line is executed.
431 The typeahead buffer, used by C<DB::readline>.
435 Command aliases. Stored as character strings to be substituted for a command
438 =head4 C<%break_on_load>
440 Keys are file names, values are 1 (break when this file is loaded) or undef
441 (don't break when it is loaded).
445 Keys are line numbers, values are C<condition\0action>. If used in numeric
446 context, values are 0 if not breakable, 1 if breakable, no matter what is
447 in the actual hash entry.
449 =head4 C<%had_breakpoints>
451 Keys are file names; values are bitfields:
455 =item * 1 - file has a breakpoint in it.
457 =item * 2 - file has an action in it.
461 A zero or undefined value means this file has neither.
465 Stores the debugger options. These are character string values.
469 Saves breakpoints for code that hasn't been compiled yet.
470 Keys are subroutine names, values are:
474 =item * C<compile> - break when this sub is compiled
476 =item * C<< break +0 if <condition> >> - break (conditionally) at the start of this routine. The condition will be '1' if no condition was specified.
480 =head4 C<%postponed_file>
482 This hash keeps track of breakpoints that need to be set for files that have
483 not yet been compiled. Keys are filenames; values are references to hashes.
484 Each of these hashes is keyed by line number, and its values are breakpoint
485 definitions (C<condition\0action>).
487 =head1 DEBUGGER INITIALIZATION
489 The debugger's initialization actually jumps all over the place inside this
490 package. This is because there are several BEGIN blocks (which of course
491 execute immediately) spread through the code. Why is that?
493 The debugger needs to be able to change some things and set some things up
494 before the debugger code is compiled; most notably, the C<$deep> variable that
495 C<DB::sub> uses to tell when a program has recursed deeply. In addition, the
496 debugger has to turn off warnings while the debugger code is compiled, but then
497 restore them to their original setting before the program being debugged begins
500 The first C<BEGIN> block simply turns off warnings by saving the current
501 setting of C<$^W> and then setting it to zero. The second one initializes
502 the debugger variables that are needed before the debugger begins executing.
503 The third one puts C<$^X> back to its former value.
505 We'll detail the second C<BEGIN> block later; just remember that if you need
506 to initialize something before the debugger starts really executing, that's
515 BEGIN {eval 'use IO::Handle'}; # Needed for flush only? breaks under miniperl
519 $^V =~ /^v(\d+\.\d+)/;
520 feature->import(":$1");
523 # Debugger for Perl 5.00x; perl5db.pl patch level:
524 use vars qw($VERSION $header);
526 $VERSION = '1.39_04';
528 $header = "perl5db.pl version $VERSION";
530 =head1 DEBUGGER ROUTINES
534 This function replaces straight C<eval()> inside the debugger; it simplifies
535 the process of evaluating code in the user's context.
537 The code to be evaluated is passed via the package global variable
538 C<$DB::evalarg>; this is done to avoid fiddling with the contents of C<@_>.
540 Before we do the C<eval()>, we preserve the current settings of C<$trace>,
541 C<$single>, C<$^D> and C<$usercontext>. The latter contains the
542 preserved values of C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, C<$^W> and the
543 user's current package, grabbed when C<DB::DB> got control. This causes the
544 proper context to be used when the eval is actually done. Afterward, we
545 restore C<$trace>, C<$single>, and C<$^D>.
547 Next we need to handle C<$@> without getting confused. We save C<$@> in a
548 local lexical, localize C<$saved[0]> (which is where C<save()> will put
549 C<$@>), and then call C<save()> to capture C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>,
550 C<$/>, C<$\>, and C<$^W>) and set C<$,>, C<$/>, C<$\>, and C<$^W> to values
551 considered sane by the debugger. If there was an C<eval()> error, we print
552 it on the debugger's output. If C<$onetimedump> is defined, we call
553 C<dumpit> if it's set to 'dump', or C<methods> if it's set to
554 'methods'. Setting it to something else causes the debugger to do the eval
555 but not print the result - handy if you want to do something else with it
556 (the "watch expressions" code does this to get the value of the watch
557 expression but not show it unless it matters).
559 In any case, we then return the list of output from C<eval> to the caller,
560 and unwinding restores the former version of C<$@> in C<@saved> as well
561 (the localization of C<$saved[0]> goes away at the end of this scope).
563 =head3 Parameters and variables influencing execution of DB::eval()
565 C<DB::eval> isn't parameterized in the standard way; this is to keep the
566 debugger's calls to C<DB::eval()> from mucking with C<@_>, among other things.
567 The variables listed below influence C<DB::eval()>'s execution directly.
571 =item C<$evalarg> - the thing to actually be eval'ed
573 =item C<$trace> - Current state of execution tracing
575 =item C<$single> - Current state of single-stepping
577 =item C<$onetimeDump> - what is to be displayed after the evaluation
579 =item C<$onetimeDumpDepth> - how deep C<dumpit()> should go when dumping results
583 The following variables are altered by C<DB::eval()> during its execution. They
584 are "stacked" via C<local()>, enabling recursive calls to C<DB::eval()>.
588 =item C<@res> - used to capture output from actual C<eval>.
590 =item C<$otrace> - saved value of C<$trace>.
592 =item C<$osingle> - saved value of C<$single>.
594 =item C<$od> - saved value of C<$^D>.
596 =item C<$saved[0]> - saved value of C<$@>.
598 =item $\ - for output of C<$@> if there is an evaluation error.
602 =head3 The problem of lexicals
604 The context of C<DB::eval()> presents us with some problems. Obviously,
605 we want to be 'sandboxed' away from the debugger's internals when we do
606 the eval, but we need some way to control how punctuation variables and
607 debugger globals are used.
609 We can't use local, because the code inside C<DB::eval> can see localized
610 variables; and we can't use C<my> either for the same reason. The code
611 in this routine compromises and uses C<my>.
613 After this routine is over, we don't have user code executing in the debugger's
614 context, so we can use C<my> freely.
618 ############################################## Begin lexical danger zone
620 # 'my' variables used here could leak into (that is, be visible in)
621 # the context that the code being evaluated is executing in. This means that
622 # the code could modify the debugger's variables.
624 # Fiddling with the debugger's context could be Bad. We insulate things as
686 # Used to save @ARGV and extract any debugger-related flags.
689 # Used to prevent multiple entries to diesignal()
690 # (if for instance diesignal() itself dies)
693 # Used to prevent the debugger from running nonstop
695 use vars qw($second_time);
697 sub _calc_usercontext {
700 # Cancel strict completely for the evaluated code, so the code
701 # the user evaluates won't be affected by it. (Shlomi Fish)
702 return 'no strict; ($@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W) = @saved;'
703 . "package $package;"; # this won't let them modify, alas
708 # 'my' would make it visible from user code
709 # but so does local! --tchrist
710 # Remember: this localizes @DB::res, not @main::res.
714 # Try to keep the user code from messing with us. Save these so that
715 # even if the eval'ed code changes them, we can put them back again.
716 # Needed because the user could refer directly to the debugger's
717 # package globals (and any 'my' variables in this containing scope)
718 # inside the eval(), and we want to try to stay safe.
719 local $otrace = $trace;
720 local $osingle = $single;
723 # Untaint the incoming eval() argument.
724 { ($evalarg) = $evalarg =~ /(.*)/s; }
726 # $usercontext built in DB::DB near the comment
727 # "set up the context for DB::eval ..."
728 # Evaluate and save any results.
729 @res = eval "$usercontext $evalarg;\n"; # '\n' for nice recursive debug
731 # Restore those old values.
737 # Save the current value of $@, and preserve it in the debugger's copy
738 # of the saved precious globals.
741 # Since we're only saving $@, we only have to localize the array element
742 # that it will be stored in.
743 local $saved[0]; # Preserve the old value of $@
746 # Now see whether we need to report an error back to the user.
752 # Display as required by the caller. $onetimeDump and $onetimedumpDepth
753 # are package globals.
754 elsif ($onetimeDump) {
755 if ( $onetimeDump eq 'dump' ) {
756 local $option{dumpDepth} = $onetimedumpDepth
757 if defined $onetimedumpDepth;
758 dumpit( $OUT, \@res );
760 elsif ( $onetimeDump eq 'methods' ) {
763 } ## end elsif ($onetimeDump)
767 ############################################## End lexical danger zone
769 # After this point it is safe to introduce lexicals.
770 # The code being debugged will be executing in its own context, and
771 # can't see the inside of the debugger.
773 # However, one should not overdo it: leave as much control from outside as
774 # possible. If you make something a lexical, it's not going to be addressable
775 # from outside the debugger even if you know its name.
777 # This file is automatically included if you do perl -d.
778 # It's probably not useful to include this yourself.
780 # Before venturing further into these twisty passages, it is
781 # wise to read the perldebguts man page or risk the ire of dragons.
783 # (It should be noted that perldebguts will tell you a lot about
784 # the underlying mechanics of how the debugger interfaces into the
785 # Perl interpreter, but not a lot about the debugger itself. The new
786 # comments in this code try to address this problem.)
788 # Note that no subroutine call is possible until &DB::sub is defined
789 # (for subroutines defined outside of the package DB). In fact the same is
790 # true if $deep is not defined.
792 # Enhanced by ilya@math.ohio-state.edu (Ilya Zakharevich)
794 # modified Perl debugger, to be run from Emacs in perldb-mode
795 # Ray Lischner (uunet!mntgfx!lisch) as of 5 Nov 1990
796 # Johan Vromans -- upgrade to 4.0 pl 10
797 # Ilya Zakharevich -- patches after 5.001 (and some before ;-)
798 ########################################################################
800 =head1 DEBUGGER INITIALIZATION
802 The debugger starts up in phases.
806 First, it initializes the environment it wants to run in: turning off
807 warnings during its own compilation, defining variables which it will need
808 to avoid warnings later, setting itself up to not exit when the program
809 terminates, and defaulting to printing return values for the C<r> command.
813 # Needed for the statement after exec():
815 # This BEGIN block is simply used to switch off warnings during debugger
816 # compilation. Probably it would be better practice to fix the warnings,
817 # but this is how it's done at the moment.
822 } # Switch compilation warnings off until another BEGIN.
824 local ($^W) = 0; # Switch run-time warnings off during init.
826 =head2 THREADS SUPPORT
828 If we are running under a threaded Perl, we require threads and threads::shared
829 if the environment variable C<PERL5DB_THREADED> is set, to enable proper
830 threaded debugger control. C<-dt> can also be used to set this.
832 Each new thread will be announced and the debugger prompt will always inform
833 you of each new thread created. It will also indicate the thread id in which
834 we are currently running within the prompt like this:
838 Where C<[tid]> is an integer thread id and C<$i> is the familiar debugger
839 command prompt. The prompt will show: C<[0]> when running under threads, but
840 not actually in a thread. C<[tid]> is consistent with C<gdb> usage.
842 While running under threads, when you set or delete a breakpoint (etc.), this
843 will apply to all threads, not just the currently running one. When you are
844 in a currently executing thread, you will stay there until it completes. With
845 the current implementation it is not currently possible to hop from one thread
848 The C<e> and C<E> commands are currently fairly minimal - see C<h e> and C<h E>.
850 Note that threading support was built into the debugger as of Perl version
851 C<5.8.6> and debugger version C<1.2.8>.
856 # ensure we can share our non-threaded variables or no-op
857 if ($ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
859 require threads::shared;
860 import threads::shared qw(share);
864 print "Threads support enabled\n";
871 # These variables control the execution of 'dumpvar.pl'.
886 # used to control die() reporting in diesignal()
889 use vars qw($CarpLevel);
892 # without threads, $filename is not defined until DB::DB is called
893 foreach my $k (keys (%INC)) {
894 share(\$main::{'_<'.$filename}) if defined $filename;
897 # Command-line + PERLLIB:
898 # Save the contents of @INC before they are modified elsewhere.
901 # This was an attempt to clear out the previous values of various
902 # trapped errors. Apparently it didn't help. XXX More info needed!
903 # $prevwarn = $prevdie = $prevbus = $prevsegv = ''; # Does not help?!
905 # We set these variables to safe values. We don't want to blindly turn
906 # off warnings, because other packages may still want them.
907 $trace = $signal = $single = 0; # Uninitialized warning suppression
908 # (local $^W cannot help - other packages!).
910 # Default to not exiting when program finishes; print the return
911 # value when the 'r' command is used to return from a subroutine.
912 $inhibit_exit = $option{PrintRet} = 1;
914 use vars qw($trace_to_depth);
916 # Default to 1E9 so it won't be limited to a certain recursion depth.
917 $trace_to_depth = 1E9;
919 =head1 OPTION PROCESSING
921 The debugger's options are actually spread out over the debugger itself and
922 C<dumpvar.pl>; some of these are variables to be set, while others are
923 subs to be called with a value. To try to make this a little easier to
924 manage, the debugger uses a few data structures to define what options
925 are legal and how they are to be processed.
927 First, the C<@options> array defines the I<names> of all the options that
933 CommandSet HistFile HistSize
934 hashDepth arrayDepth dumpDepth
935 DumpDBFiles DumpPackages DumpReused
936 compactDump veryCompact quote
937 HighBit undefPrint globPrint
938 PrintRet UsageOnly frame
940 ReadLine NonStop LineInfo
941 maxTraceLen recallCommand ShellBang
942 pager tkRunning ornaments
943 signalLevel warnLevel dieLevel
944 inhibit_exit ImmediateStop bareStringify
945 CreateTTY RemotePort windowSize
949 @RememberOnROptions = qw(DollarCaretP);
953 Second, C<optionVars> lists the variables that each option uses to save its
958 use vars qw(%optionVars);
961 hashDepth => \$dumpvar::hashDepth,
962 arrayDepth => \$dumpvar::arrayDepth,
963 CommandSet => \$CommandSet,
964 DumpDBFiles => \$dumpvar::dumpDBFiles,
965 DumpPackages => \$dumpvar::dumpPackages,
966 DumpReused => \$dumpvar::dumpReused,
967 HighBit => \$dumpvar::quoteHighBit,
968 undefPrint => \$dumpvar::printUndef,
969 globPrint => \$dumpvar::globPrint,
970 UsageOnly => \$dumpvar::usageOnly,
971 CreateTTY => \$CreateTTY,
972 bareStringify => \$dumpvar::bareStringify,
974 AutoTrace => \$trace,
975 inhibit_exit => \$inhibit_exit,
976 maxTraceLen => \$maxtrace,
977 ImmediateStop => \$ImmediateStop,
978 RemotePort => \$remoteport,
979 windowSize => \$window,
980 HistFile => \$histfile,
981 HistSize => \$histsize,
986 Third, C<%optionAction> defines the subroutine to be called to process each
991 use vars qw(%optionAction);
994 compactDump => \&dumpvar::compactDump,
995 veryCompact => \&dumpvar::veryCompact,
996 quote => \&dumpvar::quote,
999 ReadLine => \&ReadLine,
1000 NonStop => \&NonStop,
1001 LineInfo => \&LineInfo,
1002 recallCommand => \&recallCommand,
1003 ShellBang => \&shellBang,
1005 signalLevel => \&signalLevel,
1006 warnLevel => \&warnLevel,
1007 dieLevel => \&dieLevel,
1008 tkRunning => \&tkRunning,
1009 ornaments => \&ornaments,
1010 RemotePort => \&RemotePort,
1011 DollarCaretP => \&DollarCaretP,
1016 Last, the C<%optionRequire> notes modules that must be C<require>d if an
1021 # Note that this list is not complete: several options not listed here
1022 # actually require that dumpvar.pl be loaded for them to work, but are
1023 # not in the table. A subsequent patch will correct this problem; for
1024 # the moment, we're just recommenting, and we are NOT going to change
1026 use vars qw(%optionRequire);
1029 compactDump => 'dumpvar.pl',
1030 veryCompact => 'dumpvar.pl',
1031 quote => 'dumpvar.pl',
1036 There are a number of initialization-related variables which can be set
1037 by putting code to set them in a BEGIN block in the C<PERL5DB> environment
1038 variable. These are:
1042 =item C<$rl> - readline control XXX needs more explanation
1044 =item C<$warnLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over warning handling
1046 =item C<$dieLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over die handling
1048 =item C<$signalLevel> - whether or not debugger takes over signal handling
1050 =item C<$pre> - preprompt actions (array reference)
1052 =item C<$post> - postprompt actions (array reference)
1056 =item C<$CreateTTY> - whether or not to create a new TTY for this debugger
1058 =item C<$CommandSet> - which command set to use (defaults to new, documented set)
1064 # These guys may be defined in $ENV{PERL5DB} :
1065 $rl = 1 unless defined $rl;
1066 $warnLevel = 1 unless defined $warnLevel;
1067 $dieLevel = 1 unless defined $dieLevel;
1068 $signalLevel = 1 unless defined $signalLevel;
1069 $pre = [] unless defined $pre;
1070 $post = [] unless defined $post;
1071 $pretype = [] unless defined $pretype;
1072 $CreateTTY = 3 unless defined $CreateTTY;
1073 $CommandSet = '580' unless defined $CommandSet;
1078 share($signalLevel);
1088 The default C<die>, C<warn>, and C<signal> handlers are set up.
1092 warnLevel($warnLevel);
1093 dieLevel($dieLevel);
1094 signalLevel($signalLevel);
1098 The pager to be used is needed next. We try to get it from the
1099 environment first. If it's not defined there, we try to find it in
1100 the Perl C<Config.pm>. If it's not there, we default to C<more>. We
1101 then call the C<pager()> function to save the pager name.
1105 # This routine makes sure $pager is set up so that '|' can use it.
1108 # If PAGER is defined in the environment, use it.
1112 # If not, see if Config.pm defines it.
1113 : eval { require Config }
1114 && defined $Config::Config{pager}
1115 ? $Config::Config{pager}
1117 # If not, fall back to 'more'.
1120 unless defined $pager;
1124 We set up the command to be used to access the man pages, the command
1125 recall character (C<!> unless otherwise defined) and the shell escape
1126 character (C<!> unless otherwise defined). Yes, these do conflict, and
1127 neither works in the debugger at the moment.
1133 # Set up defaults for command recall and shell escape (note:
1134 # these currently don't work in linemode debugging).
1135 recallCommand("!") unless defined $prc;
1136 shellBang("!") unless defined $psh;
1140 We then set up the gigantic string containing the debugger help.
1141 We also set the limit on the number of arguments we'll display during a
1148 # If we didn't get a default for the length of eval/stack trace args,
1150 $maxtrace = 400 unless defined $maxtrace;
1152 =head2 SETTING UP THE DEBUGGER GREETING
1154 The debugger I<greeting> helps to inform the user how many debuggers are
1155 running, and whether the current debugger is the primary or a child.
1157 If we are the primary, we just hang onto our pid so we'll have it when
1158 or if we start a child debugger. If we are a child, we'll set things up
1159 so we'll have a unique greeting and so the parent will give us our own
1162 We save the current contents of the C<PERLDB_PIDS> environment variable
1163 because we mess around with it. We'll also need to hang onto it because
1164 we'll need it if we restart.
1166 Child debuggers make a label out of the current PID structure recorded in
1167 PERLDB_PIDS plus the new PID. They also mark themselves as not having a TTY
1168 yet so the parent will give them one later via C<resetterm()>.
1172 # Save the current contents of the environment; we're about to
1173 # much with it. We'll need this if we have to restart.
1174 use vars qw($ini_pids);
1175 $ini_pids = $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS};
1177 use vars qw ($pids $term_pid);
1179 if ( defined $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} ) {
1181 # We're a child. Make us a label out of the current PID structure
1182 # recorded in PERLDB_PIDS plus our (new) PID. Mark us as not having
1183 # a term yet so the parent will give us one later via resetterm().
1185 my $env_pids = $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS};
1186 $pids = "[$env_pids]";
1188 # Unless we are on OpenVMS, all programs under the DCL shell run under
1191 if (($^O eq 'VMS') && ($env_pids =~ /\b$$\b/)) {
1195 $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} .= "->$$";
1199 } ## end if (defined $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS...
1202 # We're the parent PID. Initialize PERLDB_PID in case we end up with a
1203 # child debugger, and mark us as the parent, so we'll know to set up
1204 # more TTY's is we have to.
1205 $ENV{PERLDB_PIDS} = "$$";
1210 use vars qw($pidprompt);
1213 # Sets up $emacs as a synonym for $slave_editor.
1214 use vars qw($slave_editor);
1215 *emacs = $slave_editor if $slave_editor; # May be used in afterinit()...
1217 =head2 READING THE RC FILE
1219 The debugger will read a file of initialization options if supplied. If
1220 running interactively, this is C<.perldb>; if not, it's C<perldb.ini>.
1224 # As noted, this test really doesn't check accurately that the debugger
1225 # is running at a terminal or not.
1227 use vars qw($rcfile);
1229 my $dev_tty = (($^O eq 'VMS') ? 'TT:' : '/dev/tty');
1230 # this is the wrong metric!
1231 $rcfile = ((-e $dev_tty) ? ".perldb" : "perldb.ini");
1236 The debugger does a safety test of the file to be read. It must be owned
1237 either by the current user or root, and must only be writable by the owner.
1241 # This wraps a safety test around "do" to read and evaluate the init file.
1243 # This isn't really safe, because there's a race
1244 # between checking and opening. The solution is to
1245 # open and fstat the handle, but then you have to read and
1246 # eval the contents. But then the silly thing gets
1247 # your lexical scope, which is unfortunate at best.
1251 # Just exactly what part of the word "CORE::" don't you understand?
1252 local $SIG{__WARN__};
1253 local $SIG{__DIE__};
1255 unless ( is_safe_file($file) ) {
1256 CORE::warn <<EO_GRIPE;
1257 perldb: Must not source insecure rcfile $file.
1258 You or the superuser must be the owner, and it must not
1259 be writable by anyone but its owner.
1262 } ## end unless (is_safe_file($file...
1265 CORE::warn("perldb: couldn't parse $file: $@") if $@;
1266 } ## end sub safe_do
1268 # This is the safety test itself.
1270 # Verifies that owner is either real user or superuser and that no
1271 # one but owner may write to it. This function is of limited use
1272 # when called on a path instead of upon a handle, because there are
1273 # no guarantees that filename (by dirent) whose file (by ino) is
1274 # eventually accessed is the same as the one tested.
1275 # Assumes that the file's existence is not in doubt.
1278 stat($path) || return; # mysteriously vaporized
1279 my ( $dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid ) = stat(_);
1281 return 0 if $uid != 0 && $uid != $<;
1282 return 0 if $mode & 022;
1284 } ## end sub is_safe_file
1286 # If the rcfile (whichever one we decided was the right one to read)
1287 # exists, we safely do it.
1289 safe_do("./$rcfile");
1292 # If there isn't one here, try the user's home directory.
1293 elsif ( defined $ENV{HOME} && -f "$ENV{HOME}/$rcfile" ) {
1294 safe_do("$ENV{HOME}/$rcfile");
1297 # Else try the login directory.
1298 elsif ( defined $ENV{LOGDIR} && -f "$ENV{LOGDIR}/$rcfile" ) {
1299 safe_do("$ENV{LOGDIR}/$rcfile");
1302 # If the PERLDB_OPTS variable has options in it, parse those out next.
1303 if ( defined $ENV{PERLDB_OPTS} ) {
1304 parse_options( $ENV{PERLDB_OPTS} );
1309 The last thing we do during initialization is determine which subroutine is
1310 to be used to obtain a new terminal when a new debugger is started. Right now,
1311 the debugger only handles TCP sockets, X11, OS/2, amd Mac OS X
1316 # Set up the get_fork_TTY subroutine to be aliased to the proper routine.
1317 # Works if you're running an xterm or xterm-like window, or you're on
1318 # OS/2, or on Mac OS X. This may need some expansion.
1320 if (not defined &get_fork_TTY) # only if no routine exists
1322 if ( defined $remoteport ) {
1323 # Expect an inetd-like server
1324 *get_fork_TTY = \&socket_get_fork_TTY; # to listen to us
1326 elsif (defined $ENV{TERM} # If we know what kind
1327 # of terminal this is,
1328 and $ENV{TERM} eq 'xterm' # and it's an xterm,
1329 and defined $ENV{DISPLAY} # and what display it's on,
1332 *get_fork_TTY = \&xterm_get_fork_TTY; # use the xterm version
1334 elsif ( $^O eq 'os2' ) { # If this is OS/2,
1335 *get_fork_TTY = \&os2_get_fork_TTY; # use the OS/2 version
1337 elsif ( $^O eq 'darwin' # If this is Mac OS X
1338 and defined $ENV{TERM_PROGRAM} # and we're running inside
1339 and $ENV{TERM_PROGRAM}
1340 eq 'Apple_Terminal' # Terminal.app
1343 *get_fork_TTY = \&macosx_get_fork_TTY; # use the Mac OS X version
1345 } ## end if (not defined &get_fork_TTY...
1347 # untaint $^O, which may have been tainted by the last statement.
1348 # see bug [perl #24674]
1352 # Here begin the unreadable code. It needs fixing.
1354 =head2 RESTART PROCESSING
1356 This section handles the restart command. When the C<R> command is invoked, it
1357 tries to capture all of the state it can into environment variables, and
1358 then sets C<PERLDB_RESTART>. When we start executing again, we check to see
1359 if C<PERLDB_RESTART> is there; if so, we reload all the information that
1360 the R command stuffed into the environment variables.
1362 PERLDB_RESTART - flag only, contains no restart data itself.
1363 PERLDB_HIST - command history, if it's available
1364 PERLDB_ON_LOAD - breakpoints set by the rc file
1365 PERLDB_POSTPONE - subs that have been loaded/not executed, and have actions
1366 PERLDB_VISITED - files that had breakpoints
1367 PERLDB_FILE_... - breakpoints for a file
1368 PERLDB_OPT - active options
1369 PERLDB_INC - the original @INC
1370 PERLDB_PRETYPE - preprompt debugger actions
1371 PERLDB_PRE - preprompt Perl code
1372 PERLDB_POST - post-prompt Perl code
1373 PERLDB_TYPEAHEAD - typeahead captured by readline()
1375 We chug through all these variables and plug the values saved in them
1376 back into the appropriate spots in the debugger.
1380 use vars qw(@hist @truehist %postponed_file @typeahead);
1382 sub _restore_shared_globals_after_restart
1384 @hist = get_list('PERLDB_HIST');
1385 %break_on_load = get_list("PERLDB_ON_LOAD");
1386 %postponed = get_list("PERLDB_POSTPONE");
1390 share(%break_on_load);
1394 sub _restore_breakpoints_and_actions {
1396 my @had_breakpoints = get_list("PERLDB_VISITED");
1398 for my $file_idx ( 0 .. $#had_breakpoints ) {
1399 my $filename = $had_breakpoints[$file_idx];
1400 my %pf = get_list("PERLDB_FILE_$file_idx");
1401 $postponed_file{ $filename } = \%pf if %pf;
1402 my @lines = sort {$a <=> $b} keys(%pf);
1403 my @enabled_statuses = get_list("PERLDB_FILE_ENABLED_$file_idx");
1404 for my $line_idx (0 .. $#lines) {
1405 _set_breakpoint_enabled_status(
1408 ($enabled_statuses[$line_idx] ? 1 : ''),
1416 sub _restore_options_after_restart
1418 my %options_map = get_list("PERLDB_OPT");
1420 while ( my ( $opt, $val ) = each %options_map ) {
1421 $val =~ s/[\\\']/\\$1/g;
1422 parse_options("$opt'$val'");
1428 sub _restore_globals_after_restart
1430 # restore original @INC
1431 @INC = get_list("PERLDB_INC");
1434 # return pre/postprompt actions and typeahead buffer
1435 $pretype = [ get_list("PERLDB_PRETYPE") ];
1436 $pre = [ get_list("PERLDB_PRE") ];
1437 $post = [ get_list("PERLDB_POST") ];
1438 @typeahead = get_list( "PERLDB_TYPEAHEAD", @typeahead );
1444 if ( exists $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART} ) {
1446 # We're restarting, so we don't need the flag that says to restart anymore.
1447 delete $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART};
1450 _restore_shared_globals_after_restart();
1452 _restore_breakpoints_and_actions();
1455 _restore_options_after_restart();
1457 _restore_globals_after_restart();
1458 } ## end if (exists $ENV{PERLDB_RESTART...
1460 =head2 SETTING UP THE TERMINAL
1462 Now, we'll decide how the debugger is going to interact with the user.
1463 If there's no TTY, we set the debugger to run non-stop; there's not going
1464 to be anyone there to enter commands.
1468 use vars qw($notty $runnonstop $console $tty $LINEINFO);
1469 use vars qw($lineinfo $doccmd);
1478 If there is a TTY, we have to determine who it belongs to before we can
1479 proceed. If this is a slave editor or graphical debugger (denoted by
1480 the first command-line switch being '-emacs'), we shift this off and
1481 set C<$rl> to 0 (XXX ostensibly to do straight reads).
1487 # Is Perl being run from a slave editor or graphical debugger?
1488 # If so, don't use readline, and set $slave_editor = 1.
1489 if ($slave_editor = ( @main::ARGV && ( $main::ARGV[0] eq '-emacs' ) )) {
1494 #require Term::ReadLine;
1498 We then determine what the console should be on various systems:
1502 =item * Cygwin - We use C<stdin> instead of a separate device.
1506 if ( $^O eq 'cygwin' ) {
1508 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1512 =item * Unix - use C</dev/tty>.
1516 elsif ( -e "/dev/tty" ) {
1517 $console = "/dev/tty";
1520 =item * Windows or MSDOS - use C<con>.
1524 elsif ( $^O eq 'dos' or -e "con" or $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) {
1528 =item * VMS - use C<sys$command>.
1534 # everything else is ...
1535 $console = "sys\$command";
1542 Several other systems don't use a specific console. We C<undef $console>
1543 for those (Windows using a slave editor/graphical debugger, NetWare, OS/2
1544 with a slave editor, Epoc).
1548 if ( ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) and ( $slave_editor or defined $ENV{EMACS} ) ) {
1550 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1554 if ( $^O eq 'NetWare' ) {
1556 # /dev/tty is binary. use stdin for textmode
1560 # In OS/2, we need to use STDIN to get textmode too, even though
1561 # it pretty much looks like Unix otherwise.
1562 if ( defined $ENV{OS2_SHELL} and ( $slave_editor or $ENV{WINDOWID} ) )
1567 # EPOC also falls into the 'got to use STDIN' camp.
1568 if ( $^O eq 'epoc' ) {
1574 If there is a TTY hanging around from a parent, we use that as the console.
1578 $console = $tty if defined $tty;
1580 =head2 SOCKET HANDLING
1582 The debugger is capable of opening a socket and carrying out a debugging
1583 session over the socket.
1585 If C<RemotePort> was defined in the options, the debugger assumes that it
1586 should try to start a debugging session on that port. It builds the socket
1587 and then tries to connect the input and output filehandles to it.
1591 # Handle socket stuff.
1593 if ( defined $remoteport ) {
1595 # If RemotePort was defined in the options, connect input and output
1597 $IN = $OUT = connect_remoteport();
1598 } ## end if (defined $remoteport)
1602 If no C<RemotePort> was defined, and we want to create a TTY on startup,
1603 this is probably a situation where multiple debuggers are running (for example,
1604 a backticked command that starts up another debugger). We create a new IN and
1605 OUT filehandle, and do the necessary mojo to create a new TTY if we know how
1613 # Two debuggers running (probably a system or a backtick that invokes
1614 # the debugger itself under the running one). create a new IN and OUT
1615 # filehandle, and do the necessary mojo to create a new tty if we
1616 # know how, and we can.
1617 create_IN_OUT(4) if $CreateTTY & 4;
1620 # If we have a console, check to see if there are separate ins and
1621 # outs to open. (They are assumed identical if not.)
1623 my ( $i, $o ) = split /,/, $console;
1624 $o = $i unless defined $o;
1626 # read/write on in, or just read, or read on STDIN.
1628 || open( IN, "<$i" )
1629 || open( IN, "<&STDIN" );
1631 # read/write/create/clobber out, or write/create/clobber out,
1632 # or merge with STDERR, or merge with STDOUT.
1634 || open( OUT, ">$o" )
1635 || open( OUT, ">&STDERR" )
1636 || open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ); # so we don't dongle stdout
1638 } ## end if ($console)
1639 elsif ( not defined $console ) {
1641 # No console. Open STDIN.
1642 open( IN, "<&STDIN" );
1644 # merge with STDERR, or with STDOUT.
1645 open( OUT, ">&STDERR" )
1646 || open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ); # so we don't dongle stdout
1647 $console = 'STDIN/OUT';
1648 } ## end elsif (not defined $console)
1650 # Keep copies of the filehandles so that when the pager runs, it
1651 # can close standard input without clobbering ours.
1652 if ($console or (not defined($console))) {
1656 } ## end elsif (from if(defined $remoteport))
1658 # Unbuffer DB::OUT. We need to see responses right away.
1661 # Line info goes to debugger output unless pointed elsewhere.
1662 # Pointing elsewhere makes it possible for slave editors to
1663 # keep track of file and position. We have both a filehandle
1664 # and a I/O description to keep track of.
1665 $LINEINFO = $OUT unless defined $LINEINFO;
1666 $lineinfo = $console unless defined $lineinfo;
1667 # share($LINEINFO); # <- unable to share globs
1672 To finish initialization, we show the debugger greeting,
1673 and then call the C<afterinit()> subroutine if there is one.
1677 # Show the debugger greeting.
1678 $header =~ s/.Header: ([^,]+),v(\s+\S+\s+\S+).*$/$1$2/;
1679 unless ($runnonstop) {
1682 if ( $term_pid eq '-1' ) {
1683 print $OUT "\nDaughter DB session started...\n";
1686 print $OUT "\nLoading DB routines from $header\n";
1689 $slave_editor ? "enabled" : "available", ".\n"
1692 "\nEnter h or 'h h' for help, or '$doccmd perldebug' for more help.\n\n";
1693 } ## end else [ if ($term_pid eq '-1')
1694 } ## end unless ($runnonstop)
1695 } ## end else [ if ($notty)
1697 # XXX This looks like a bug to me.
1698 # Why copy to @ARGS and then futz with @args?
1701 # Make sure backslashes before single quotes are stripped out, and
1702 # keep args unless they are numeric (XXX why?)
1703 # s/\'/\\\'/g; # removed while not justified understandably
1704 # s/(.*)/'$1'/ unless /^-?[\d.]+$/; # ditto
1707 # If there was an afterinit() sub defined, call it. It will get
1708 # executed in our scope, so it can fiddle with debugger globals.
1709 if ( defined &afterinit ) { # May be defined in $rcfile
1713 # Inform us about "Stack dump during die enabled ..." in dieLevel().
1714 use vars qw($I_m_init);
1718 ############################################################ Subroutines
1724 This gigantic subroutine is the heart of the debugger. Called before every
1725 statement, its job is to determine if a breakpoint has been reached, and
1726 stop if so; read commands from the user, parse them, and execute
1727 them, and then send execution off to the next statement.
1729 Note that the order in which the commands are processed is very important;
1730 some commands earlier in the loop will actually alter the C<$cmd> variable
1731 to create other commands to be executed later. This is all highly I<optimized>
1732 but can be confusing. Check the comments for each C<$cmd ... && do {}> to
1733 see what's happening in any given command.
1762 sub _DB_on_init__initialize_globals
1764 # Check for whether we should be running continuously or not.
1765 # _After_ the perl program is compiled, $single is set to 1:
1766 if ( $single and not $second_time++ ) {
1768 # Options say run non-stop. Run until we get an interrupt.
1769 if ($runnonstop) { # Disable until signal
1770 # If there's any call stack in place, turn off single
1771 # stepping into subs throughout the stack.
1772 for my $i (0 .. $stack_depth) {
1776 # And we are now no longer in single-step mode.
1779 # If we simply returned at this point, we wouldn't get
1780 # the trace info. Fall on through.
1782 } ## end if ($runnonstop)
1784 elsif ($ImmediateStop) {
1786 # We are supposed to stop here; XXX probably a break.
1787 $ImmediateStop = 0; # We've processed it; turn it off
1788 $signal = 1; # Simulate an interrupt to force
1789 # us into the command loop
1791 } ## end if ($single and not $second_time...
1793 # If we're in single-step mode, or an interrupt (real or fake)
1794 # has occurred, turn off non-stop mode.
1795 $runnonstop = 0 if $single or $signal;
1802 # lock the debugger and get the thread id for the prompt
1806 my ($prefix, $after, $infix);
1809 if ($ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
1810 $tid = eval { "[".threads->tid."]" };
1813 _DB_on_init__initialize_globals();
1815 # Preserve current values of $@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W.
1816 # The code being debugged may have altered them.
1819 # Since DB::DB gets called after every line, we can use caller() to
1820 # figure out where we last were executing. Sneaky, eh? This works because
1821 # caller is returning all the extra information when called from the
1823 local ( $package, $filename, $line ) = caller;
1824 $filename_ini = $filename;
1826 # set up the context for DB::eval, so it can properly execute
1827 # code on behalf of the user. We add the package in so that the
1828 # code is eval'ed in the proper package (not in the debugger!).
1829 local $usercontext = _calc_usercontext($package);
1831 # Create an alias to the active file magical array to simplify
1833 local (*dbline) = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
1835 # Last line in the program.
1838 # if we have something here, see if we should break.
1840 # $stop is lexical and local to this block - $action on the other hand
1845 && _is_breakpoint_enabled($filename, $line)
1846 && (( $stop, $action ) = split( /\0/, $dbline{$line} ) ) )
1849 # Stop if the stop criterion says to just stop.
1850 if ( $stop eq '1' ) {
1854 # It's a conditional stop; eval it in the user's context and
1855 # see if we should stop. If so, remove the one-time sigil.
1857 $evalarg = "\$DB::signal |= 1 if do {$stop}";
1859 # If the breakpoint is temporary, then delete its enabled status.
1860 if ($dbline{$line} =~ s/;9($|\0)/$1/) {
1861 _cancel_breakpoint_temp_enabled_status($filename, $line);
1864 } ## end if ($dbline{$line} && ...
1867 # Preserve the current stop-or-not, and see if any of the W
1868 # (watch expressions) has changed.
1869 my $was_signal = $signal;
1871 # If we have any watch expressions ...
1873 for my $n (0 .. $#to_watch) {
1874 $evalarg = $to_watch[$n];
1875 local $onetimeDump; # Tell DB::eval() to not output results
1877 # Fix context DB::eval() wants to return an array, but
1878 # we need a scalar here.
1879 my ($val) = join( "', '", &eval );
1880 $val = ( ( defined $val ) ? "'$val'" : 'undef' );
1883 if ( $val ne $old_watch[$n] ) {
1885 # Yep! Show the difference, and fake an interrupt.
1888 Watchpoint $n:\t$to_watch[$n] changed:
1889 old value:\t$old_watch[$n]
1892 $old_watch[$n] = $val;
1893 } ## end if ($val ne $old_watch...
1894 } ## end for my $n (0 ..
1895 } ## end if ($trace & 2)
1897 =head2 C<watchfunction()>
1899 C<watchfunction()> is a function that can be defined by the user; it is a
1900 function which will be run on each entry to C<DB::DB>; it gets the
1901 current package, filename, and line as its parameters.
1903 The watchfunction can do anything it likes; it is executing in the
1904 debugger's context, so it has access to all of the debugger's internal
1905 data structures and functions.
1907 C<watchfunction()> can control the debugger's actions. Any of the following
1908 will cause the debugger to return control to the user's program after
1909 C<watchfunction()> executes:
1915 Returning a false value from the C<watchfunction()> itself.
1919 Altering C<$single> to a false value.
1923 Altering C<$signal> to a false value.
1927 Turning off the C<4> bit in C<$trace> (this also disables the
1928 check for C<watchfunction()>. This can be done with
1936 # If there's a user-defined DB::watchfunction, call it with the
1937 # current package, filename, and line. The function executes in
1939 if ( $trace & 4 ) { # User-installed watch
1941 if watchfunction( $package, $filename, $line )
1944 and not( $trace & ~4 );
1945 } ## end if ($trace & 4)
1947 # Pick up any alteration to $signal in the watchfunction, and
1948 # turn off the signal now.
1949 $was_signal = $signal;
1952 =head2 GETTING READY TO EXECUTE COMMANDS
1954 The debugger decides to take control if single-step mode is on, the
1955 C<t> command was entered, or the user generated a signal. If the program
1956 has fallen off the end, we set things up so that entering further commands
1957 won't cause trouble, and we say that the program is over.
1961 # Make sure that we always print if asked for explicitly regardless
1962 # of $trace_to_depth .
1963 my $explicit_stop = ($single || $was_signal);
1965 # Check to see if we should grab control ($single true,
1966 # trace set appropriately, or we got a signal).
1967 if ( $explicit_stop || ( $trace & 1 ) ) {
1969 # Yes, grab control.
1970 if ($slave_editor) {
1972 # Tell the editor to update its position.
1973 $position = "\032\032$filename:$line:0\n";
1974 print_lineinfo($position);
1979 Special check: if we're in package C<DB::fake>, we've gone through the
1980 C<END> block at least once. We set up everything so that we can continue
1981 to enter commands and have a valid context to be in.
1985 elsif ( $package eq 'DB::fake' ) {
1987 # Fallen off the end already.
1990 Debugged program terminated. Use B<q> to quit or B<R> to restart,
1991 use B<o> I<inhibit_exit> to avoid stopping after program termination,
1992 B<h q>, B<h R> or B<h o> to get additional info.
1995 # Set the DB::eval context appropriately.
1997 $usercontext = _calc_usercontext($package);
1998 } ## end elsif ($package eq 'DB::fake')
2002 If the program hasn't finished executing, we scan forward to the
2003 next executable line, print that out, build the prompt from the file and line
2004 number information, and print that.
2011 # Still somewhere in the midst of execution. Set up the
2013 $sub =~ s/\'/::/; # Swap Perl 4 package separators (') to
2014 # Perl 5 ones (sorry, we don't print Klingon
2017 $prefix = $sub =~ /::/ ? "" : ($package . '::');
2018 $prefix .= "$sub($filename:";
2019 $after = ( $dbline[$line] =~ /\n$/ ? '' : "\n" );
2021 # Break up the prompt if it's really long.
2022 if ( length($prefix) > 30 ) {
2023 $position = "$prefix$line):\n$line:\t$dbline[$line]$after";
2029 $position = "$prefix$line$infix$dbline[$line]$after";
2032 # Print current line info, indenting if necessary.
2034 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth,
2035 "$line:\t$dbline[$line]$after" );
2038 depth_print_lineinfo($explicit_stop, $position);
2041 # Scan forward, stopping at either the end or the next
2043 for ( my $i = $line + 1 ; $i <= $max && $dbline[$i] == 0 ; ++$i )
2046 # Drop out on null statements, block closers, and comments.
2047 last if $dbline[$i] =~ /^\s*[\;\}\#\n]/;
2049 # Drop out if the user interrupted us.
2052 # Append a newline if the line doesn't have one. Can happen
2053 # in eval'ed text, for instance.
2054 $after = ( $dbline[$i] =~ /\n$/ ? '' : "\n" );
2056 # Next executable line.
2057 my $incr_pos = "$prefix$i$infix$dbline[$i]$after";
2058 $position .= $incr_pos;
2061 # Print it indented if tracing is on.
2062 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth,
2063 "$i:\t$dbline[$i]$after" );
2066 depth_print_lineinfo($explicit_stop, $incr_pos);
2068 } ## end for ($i = $line + 1 ; $i...
2069 } ## end else [ if ($slave_editor)
2070 } ## end if ($single || ($trace...
2074 If there's an action to be executed for the line we stopped at, execute it.
2075 If there are any preprompt actions, execute those as well.
2079 # If there's an action, do it now.
2080 $evalarg = $action, &eval if $action;
2082 # Are we nested another level (e.g., did we evaluate a function
2083 # that had a breakpoint in it at the debugger prompt)?
2084 if ( $single || $was_signal ) {
2086 # Yes, go down a level.
2087 local $level = $level + 1;
2089 # Do any pre-prompt actions.
2090 foreach $evalarg (@$pre) {
2094 # Complain about too much recursion if we passed the limit.
2095 print $OUT $stack_depth . " levels deep in subroutine calls!\n"
2098 # The line we're currently on. Set $incr to -1 to stay here
2099 # until we get a command that tells us to advance.
2101 $incr = -1; # for backward motion.
2103 # Tack preprompt debugger actions ahead of any actual input.
2104 @typeahead = ( @$pretype, @typeahead );
2106 =head2 WHERE ARE WE?
2108 XXX Relocate this section?
2110 The debugger normally shows the line corresponding to the current line of
2111 execution. Sometimes, though, we want to see the next line, or to move elsewhere
2112 in the file. This is done via the C<$incr>, C<$start>, and C<$max> variables.
2114 C<$incr> controls by how many lines the I<current> line should move forward
2115 after a command is executed. If set to -1, this indicates that the I<current>
2116 line shouldn't change.
2118 C<$start> is the I<current> line. It is used for things like knowing where to
2119 move forwards or backwards from when doing an C<L> or C<-> command.
2121 C<$max> tells the debugger where the last line of the current file is. It's
2122 used to terminate loops most often.
2124 =head2 THE COMMAND LOOP
2126 Most of C<DB::DB> is actually a command parsing and dispatch loop. It comes
2133 The outer part of the loop, starting at the C<CMD> label. This loop
2134 reads a command and then executes it.
2138 The inner part of the loop, starting at the C<PIPE> label. This part
2139 is wholly contained inside the C<CMD> block and only executes a command.
2140 Used to handle commands running inside a pager.
2144 So why have two labels to restart the loop? Because sometimes, it's easier to
2145 have a command I<generate> another command and then re-execute the loop to do
2146 the new command. This is faster, but perhaps a bit more convoluted.
2150 # The big command dispatch loop. It keeps running until the
2151 # user yields up control again.
2153 # If we have a terminal for input, and we get something back
2154 # from readline(), keep on processing.
2161 # We have a terminal, or can get one ...
2162 ( $term || &setterm ),
2164 # ... and it belogs to this PID or we get one for this PID ...
2165 ( $term_pid == $$ or resetterm(1) ),
2167 # ... and we got a line of command input ...
2170 "$pidprompt $tid DB"
2173 . ( '>' x $level ) . " "
2180 # ... try to execute the input as debugger commands.
2182 # Don't stop running.
2185 # No signal is active.
2188 # Handle continued commands (ending with \):
2189 if ($cmd =~ s/\\\z/\n/) {
2190 $cmd .= &readline(" cont: ");
2194 =head4 The null command
2196 A newline entered by itself means I<re-execute the last command>. We grab the
2197 command out of C<$laststep> (where it was recorded previously), and copy it
2198 back into C<$cmd> to be executed below. If there wasn't any previous command,
2199 we'll do nothing below (no command will match). If there was, we also save it
2200 in the command history and fall through to allow the command parsing to pick
2205 # Empty input means repeat the last command.
2206 $cmd =~ /^$/ && ( $cmd = $laststep );
2207 chomp($cmd); # get rid of the annoying extra newline
2208 push( @hist, $cmd ) if length($cmd) > 1;
2209 push( @truehist, $cmd );
2213 # This is a restart point for commands that didn't arrive
2214 # via direct user input. It allows us to 'redo PIPE' to
2215 # re-execute command processing without reading a new command.
2217 $cmd =~ s/^\s+//s; # trim annoying leading whitespace
2218 $cmd =~ s/\s+$//s; # trim annoying trailing whitespace
2219 my ($i) = split( /\s+/, $cmd );
2221 =head3 COMMAND ALIASES
2223 The debugger can create aliases for commands (these are stored in the
2224 C<%alias> hash). Before a command is executed, the command loop looks it up
2225 in the alias hash and substitutes the contents of the alias for the command,
2226 completely replacing it.
2230 # See if there's an alias for the command, and set it up if so.
2233 # Squelch signal handling; we want to keep control here
2234 # if something goes loco during the alias eval.
2235 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2236 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2238 # This is a command, so we eval it in the DEBUGGER's
2239 # scope! Otherwise, we can't see the special debugger
2240 # variables, or get to the debugger's subs. (Well, we
2241 # _could_, but why make it even more complicated?)
2242 eval "\$cmd =~ $alias{$i}";
2245 print $OUT "Couldn't evaluate '$i' alias: $@";
2248 } ## end if ($alias{$i})
2250 =head3 MAIN-LINE COMMANDS
2252 All of these commands work up to and after the program being debugged has
2257 Quit the debugger. This entails setting the C<$fall_off_end> flag, so we don't
2258 try to execute further, cleaning any restart-related stuff out of the
2259 environment, and executing with the last value of C<$?>.
2269 =head4 C<t> - trace [n]
2271 Turn tracing on or off. Inverts the appropriate bit in C<$trace> (q.v.).
2272 If level is specified, set C<$trace_to_depth>.
2276 if (my ($levels) = $cmd =~ /\At(?:\s+(\d+))?\z/) {
2279 $trace_to_depth = $levels ? $stack_depth + $levels : 1E9;
2280 print $OUT "Trace = "
2282 ? ( $levels ? "on (to level $trace_to_depth)" : "on" )
2287 =head4 C<S> - list subroutines matching/not matching a pattern
2289 Walks through C<%sub>, checking to see whether or not to print the name.
2293 if (my ($print_all_subs, $should_reverse, $Spatt)
2294 = $cmd =~ /\AS(\s+(!)?(.+))?\z/) {
2295 # $Spatt is the pattern (if any) to use.
2297 my $Srev = defined $should_reverse;
2298 # No args - print all subs.
2299 my $Snocheck = !defined $print_all_subs;
2301 # Need to make these sane here.
2305 # Search through the debugger's magical hash of subs.
2306 # If $nocheck is true, just print the sub name.
2307 # Otherwise, check it against the pattern. We then use
2308 # the XOR trick to reverse the condition as required.
2309 foreach $subname ( sort( keys %sub ) ) {
2310 if ( $Snocheck or $Srev ^ ( $subname =~ /$Spatt/ ) ) {
2311 print $OUT $subname, "\n";
2317 =head4 C<X> - list variables in current package
2319 Since the C<V> command actually processes this, just change this to the
2320 appropriate C<V> command and fall through.
2324 $cmd =~ s/^X\b/V $package/;
2326 =head4 C<V> - list variables
2328 Uses C<dumpvar.pl> to dump out the current values for selected variables.
2332 # Bare V commands get the currently-being-debugged package
2335 $cmd = "V $package";
2338 # V - show variables in package.
2339 if (my ($new_packname, $new_vars_str) =
2340 $cmd =~ /\AV\b\s*(\S+)\s*(.*)/) {
2342 # Save the currently selected filehandle and
2343 # force output to debugger's filehandle (dumpvar
2344 # just does "print" for output).
2345 my $savout = select($OUT);
2347 # Grab package name and variables to dump.
2348 $packname = $new_packname;
2349 my @vars = split( ' ', $new_vars_str );
2351 # If main::dumpvar isn't here, get it.
2352 do 'dumpvar.pl' || die $@ unless defined &main::dumpvar;
2353 if ( defined &main::dumpvar ) {
2355 # We got it. Turn off subroutine entry/exit messages
2356 # for the moment, along with return values.
2360 # must detect sigpipe failures - not catching
2361 # then will cause the debugger to die.
2365 defined $option{dumpDepth}
2366 ? $option{dumpDepth}
2367 : -1, # assume -1 unless specified
2372 # The die doesn't need to include the $@, because
2373 # it will automatically get propagated for us.
2375 die unless $@ =~ /dumpvar print failed/;
2377 } ## end if (defined &main::dumpvar)
2380 # Couldn't load dumpvar.
2381 print $OUT "dumpvar.pl not available.\n";
2384 # Restore the output filehandle, and go round again.
2389 =head4 C<x> - evaluate and print an expression
2391 Hands the expression off to C<DB::eval>, setting it up to print the value
2392 via C<dumpvar.pl> instead of just printing it directly.
2396 if ($cmd =~ s#\Ax\b# #) { # Remainder gets done by DB::eval()
2397 $onetimeDump = 'dump'; # main::dumpvar shows the output
2399 # handle special "x 3 blah" syntax XXX propagate
2400 # doc back to special variables.
2401 if ( $cmd =~ s#\A\s*(\d+)(?=\s)# #) {
2402 $onetimedumpDepth = $1;
2406 =head4 C<m> - print methods
2408 Just uses C<DB::methods> to determine what methods are available.
2412 if ($cmd =~ s#\Am\s+([\w:]+)\s*\z# #) {
2417 # m expr - set up DB::eval to do the work
2418 if ($cmd =~ s#\Am\b# #) { # Rest gets done by DB::eval()
2419 $onetimeDump = 'methods'; # method output gets used there
2422 =head4 C<f> - switch files
2426 if (($file) = $cmd =~ /\Af\b\s*(.*)/) {
2429 # help for no arguments (old-style was return from sub).
2432 "The old f command is now the r command.\n"; # hint
2433 print $OUT "The new f command switches filenames.\n";
2435 } ## end if (!$file)
2437 # if not in magic file list, try a close match.
2438 if ( !defined $main::{ '_<' . $file } ) {
2439 if ( ($try) = grep( m#^_<.*$file#, keys %main:: ) ) {
2441 $try = substr( $try, 2 );
2442 print $OUT "Choosing $try matching '$file':\n";
2445 } ## end if (($try) = grep(m#^_<.*$file#...
2446 } ## end if (!defined $main::{ ...
2448 # If not successfully switched now, we failed.
2449 if ( !defined $main::{ '_<' . $file } ) {
2450 print $OUT "No file matching '$file' is loaded.\n";
2454 # We switched, so switch the debugger internals around.
2455 elsif ( $file ne $filename ) {
2456 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $file };
2461 } ## end elsif ($file ne $filename)
2463 # We didn't switch; say we didn't.
2465 print $OUT "Already in $file.\n";
2470 =head4 C<.> - return to last-executed line.
2472 We set C<$incr> to -1 to indicate that the debugger shouldn't move ahead,
2473 and then we look up the line in the magical C<%dbline> hash.
2479 $incr = -1; # stay at current line
2481 # Reset everything to the old location.
2483 $filename = $filename_ini;
2484 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
2488 print_lineinfo($position);
2492 =head4 C<-> - back one window
2494 We change C<$start> to be one window back; if we go back past the first line,
2495 we set it to be the first line. We ser C<$incr> to put us back at the
2496 currently-executing line, and then put a C<l $start +> (list one window from
2497 C<$start>) in C<$cmd> to be executed later.
2501 # - - back a window.
2504 # back up by a window; go to 1 if back too far.
2505 $start -= $incr + $window + 1;
2506 $start = 1 if $start <= 0;
2507 $incr = $window - 1;
2509 # Generate and execute a "l +" command (handled below).
2510 $cmd = 'l ' . ($start) . '+';
2513 =head3 PRE-580 COMMANDS VS. NEW COMMANDS: C<a, A, b, B, h, l, L, M, o, O, P, v, w, W, E<lt>, E<lt>E<lt>, {, {{>
2515 In Perl 5.8.0, a realignment of the commands was done to fix up a number of
2516 problems, most notably that the default case of several commands destroying
2517 the user's work in setting watchpoints, actions, etc. We wanted, however, to
2518 retain the old commands for those who were used to using them or who preferred
2519 them. At this point, we check for the new commands and call C<cmd_wrapper> to
2520 deal with them instead of processing them in-line.
2524 # All of these commands were remapped in perl 5.8.0;
2525 # we send them off to the secondary dispatcher (see below).
2526 if (my ($cmd_letter, $my_arg) = $cmd =~ /\A([aAbBeEhilLMoOPvwW]\b|[<>\{]{1,2})\s*(.*)/so) {
2527 &cmd_wrapper( $cmd_letter, $my_arg, $line );
2531 =head4 C<y> - List lexicals in higher scope
2533 Uses C<PadWalker> to find the lexicals supplied as arguments in a scope
2534 above the current one and then displays then using C<dumpvar.pl>.
2538 if (my ($match_level, $match_vars)
2539 = $cmd =~ /^y(?:\s+(\d*)\s*(.*))?$/) {
2541 # See if we've got the necessary support.
2542 eval { require PadWalker; PadWalker->VERSION(0.08) }
2545 ? "PadWalker module not found - please install\n"
2550 # Load up dumpvar if we don't have it. If we can, that is.
2551 do 'dumpvar.pl' || die $@ unless defined &main::dumpvar;
2552 defined &main::dumpvar
2553 or print $OUT "dumpvar.pl not available.\n"
2556 # Got all the modules we need. Find them and print them.
2557 my @vars = split( ' ', $match_vars || '' );
2560 my $h = eval { PadWalker::peek_my( ( $match_level || 0 ) + 1 ) };
2562 # Oops. Can't find it.
2563 $@ and $@ =~ s/ at .*//, &warn($@), next CMD;
2565 # Show the desired vars with dumplex().
2566 my $savout = select($OUT);
2568 # Have dumplex dump the lexicals.
2569 dumpvar::dumplex( $_, $h->{$_},
2570 defined $option{dumpDepth} ? $option{dumpDepth} : -1,
2577 =head3 COMMANDS NOT WORKING AFTER PROGRAM ENDS
2579 All of the commands below this point don't work after the program being
2580 debugged has ended. All of them check to see if the program has ended; this
2581 allows the commands to be relocated without worrying about a 'line of
2582 demarcation' above which commands can be entered anytime, and below which
2585 =head4 C<n> - single step, but don't trace down into subs
2587 Done by setting C<$single> to 2, which forces subs to execute straight through
2588 when entered (see C<DB::sub>). We also save the C<n> command in C<$laststep>,
2589 so a null command knows what to re-execute.
2595 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2597 # Single step, but don't enter subs.
2600 # Save for empty command (repeat last).
2605 =head4 C<s> - single-step, entering subs
2607 Sets C<$single> to 1, which causes C<DB::sub> to continue tracing inside
2608 subs. Also saves C<s> as C<$lastcmd>.
2615 # Get out and restart the command loop if program
2617 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2619 # Single step should enter subs.
2622 # Save for empty command (repeat last).
2627 =head4 C<c> - run continuously, setting an optional breakpoint
2629 Most of the code for this command is taken up with locating the optional
2630 breakpoint, which is either a subroutine name or a line number. We set
2631 the appropriate one-time-break in C<@dbline> and then turn off single-stepping
2632 in this and all call levels above this one.
2636 # c - start continuous execution.
2637 if (($i) = $cmd =~ m#\Ac\b\s*([\w:]*)\s*\z#) {
2639 # Hey, show's over. The debugged program finished
2640 # executing already.
2641 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2643 # Capture the place to put a one-time break.
2646 # Probably not needed, since we finish an interactive
2647 # sub-session anyway...
2648 # local $filename = $filename;
2649 # local *dbline = *dbline; # XXX Would this work?!
2651 # The above question wonders if localizing the alias
2652 # to the magic array works or not. Since it's commented
2653 # out, we'll just leave that to speculation for now.
2655 # If the "subname" isn't all digits, we'll assume it
2656 # is a subroutine name, and try to find it.
2657 if ( $subname =~ /\D/ ) { # subroutine name
2658 # Qualify it to the current package unless it's
2659 # already qualified.
2660 $subname = $package . "::" . $subname
2661 unless $subname =~ /::/;
2663 # find_sub will return "file:line_number" corresponding
2664 # to where the subroutine is defined; we call find_sub,
2665 # break up the return value, and assign it in one
2667 ( $file, $i ) = ( find_sub($subname) =~ /^(.*):(.*)$/ );
2669 # Force the line number to be numeric.
2672 # If we got a line number, we found the sub.
2675 # Switch all the debugger's internals around so
2676 # we're actually working with that file.
2678 *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $filename };
2680 # Mark that there's a breakpoint in this file.
2681 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 1;
2683 # Scan forward to the first executable line
2684 # after the 'sub whatever' line.
2686 ++$i while $dbline[$i] == 0 && $i < $max;
2689 # We didn't find a sub by that name.
2691 print $OUT "Subroutine $subname not found.\n";
2694 } ## end if ($subname =~ /\D/)
2696 # At this point, either the subname was all digits (an
2697 # absolute line-break request) or we've scanned through
2698 # the code following the definition of the sub, looking
2699 # for an executable, which we may or may not have found.
2701 # If $i (which we set $subname from) is non-zero, we
2702 # got a request to break at some line somewhere. On
2703 # one hand, if there wasn't any real subroutine name
2704 # involved, this will be a request to break in the current
2705 # file at the specified line, so we have to check to make
2706 # sure that the line specified really is breakable.
2708 # On the other hand, if there was a subname supplied, the
2709 # preceding block has moved us to the proper file and
2710 # location within that file, and then scanned forward
2711 # looking for the next executable line. We have to make
2712 # sure that one was found.
2714 # On the gripping hand, we can't do anything unless the
2715 # current value of $i points to a valid breakable line.
2720 if ( $dbline[$i] == 0 ) {
2721 print $OUT "Line $i not breakable.\n";
2725 # Yes. Set up the one-time-break sigil.
2726 $dbline{$i} =~ s/($|\0)/;9$1/; # add one-time-only b.p.
2727 _enable_breakpoint_temp_enabled_status($filename, $i);
2730 # Turn off stack tracing from here up.
2731 for my $i (0 .. $stack_depth) {
2737 =head4 C<r> - return from a subroutine
2739 For C<r> to work properly, the debugger has to stop execution again
2740 immediately after the return is executed. This is done by forcing
2741 single-stepping to be on in the call level above the current one. If
2742 we are printing return values when a C<r> is executed, set C<$doret>
2743 appropriately, and force us out of the command loop.
2747 # r - return from the current subroutine.
2750 # Can't do anything if the program's over.
2751 end_report(), next CMD if $finished and $level <= 1;
2753 # Turn on stack trace.
2754 $stack[$stack_depth] |= 1;
2756 # Print return value unless the stack is empty.
2757 $doret = $option{PrintRet} ? $stack_depth - 1 : -2;
2761 =head4 C<T> - stack trace
2763 Just calls C<DB::print_trace>.
2768 print_trace( $OUT, 1 ); # skip DB
2772 =head4 C<w> - List window around current line.
2774 Just calls C<DB::cmd_w>.
2778 if (my ($arg) = $cmd =~ /\Aw\b\s*(.*)/s) {
2779 &cmd_w( 'w', $arg );
2783 =head4 C<W> - watch-expression processing.
2785 Just calls C<DB::cmd_W>.
2789 if (my ($arg) = $cmd =~ /\AW\b\s*(.*)/s) {
2790 &cmd_W( 'W', $arg );
2794 =head4 C</> - search forward for a string in the source
2796 We take the argument and treat it as a pattern. If it turns out to be a
2797 bad one, we return the error we got from trying to C<eval> it and exit.
2798 If not, we create some code to do the search and C<eval> it so it can't
2803 # The pattern as a string.
2804 use vars qw($inpat);
2806 if (($inpat) = $cmd =~ m#\A/(.*)\z#) {
2808 # Remove the final slash.
2809 $inpat =~ s:([^\\])/$:$1:;
2811 # If the pattern isn't null ...
2812 if ( $inpat ne "" ) {
2814 # Turn of warn and die procesing for a bit.
2815 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2816 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2818 # Create the pattern.
2819 eval '$inpat =~ m' . "\a$inpat\a";
2822 # Oops. Bad pattern. No biscuit.
2823 # Print the eval error and go back for more
2829 } ## end if ($inpat ne "")
2831 # Set up to stop on wrap-around.
2834 # Don't move off the current line.
2837 # Done in eval so nothing breaks if the pattern
2838 # does something weird.
2841 # Move ahead one line.
2844 # Wrap if we pass the last line.
2845 $start = 1 if ($start > $max);
2847 # Stop if we have gotten back to this line again,
2848 last if ($start == $end);
2850 # A hit! (Note, though, that we are doing
2851 # case-insensitive matching. Maybe a qr//
2852 # expression would be better, so the user could
2853 # do case-sensitive matching if desired.
2854 if ($dbline[$start] =~ m' . "\a$pat\a" . 'i) {
2855 if ($slave_editor) {
2856 # Handle proper escaping in the slave.
2857 print $OUT "\032\032$filename:$start:0\n";
2860 # Just print the line normally.
2861 print $OUT "$start:\t",$dbline[$start],"\n";
2863 # And quit since we found something.
2868 # If we wrapped, there never was a match.
2869 print $OUT "/$pat/: not found\n" if ( $start == $end );
2873 =head4 C<?> - search backward for a string in the source
2875 Same as for C</>, except the loop runs backwards.
2879 # ? - backward pattern search.
2880 if (my ($inpat) = $cmd =~ m#\A\?(.*)\z#) {
2882 # Get the pattern, remove trailing question mark.
2883 $inpat =~ s:([^\\])\?$:$1:;
2885 # If we've got one ...
2886 if ( $inpat ne "" ) {
2888 # Turn off die & warn handlers.
2889 local $SIG{__DIE__};
2890 local $SIG{__WARN__};
2891 eval '$inpat =~ m' . "\a$inpat\a";
2895 # Ouch. Not good. Print the error.
2900 } ## end if ($inpat ne "")
2902 # Where we are now is where to stop after wraparound.
2905 # Don't move away from this line.
2908 # Search inside the eval to prevent pattern badness
2915 # Wrap if we pass the first line.
2917 $start = $max if ($start <= 0);
2919 # Quit if we get back where we started,
2920 last if ($start == $end);
2923 if ($dbline[$start] =~ m' . "\a$pat\a" . 'i) {
2924 if ($slave_editor) {
2925 # Yep, follow slave editor requirements.
2926 print $OUT "\032\032$filename:$start:0\n";
2929 # Yep, just print normally.
2930 print $OUT "$start:\t",$dbline[$start],"\n";
2938 # Say we failed if the loop never found anything,
2939 print $OUT "?$pat?: not found\n" if ( $start == $end );
2943 =head4 C<$rc> - Recall command
2945 Manages the commands in C<@hist> (which is created if C<Term::ReadLine> reports
2946 that the terminal supports history). It find the the command required, puts it
2947 into C<$cmd>, and redoes the loop to execute it.
2951 # $rc - recall command.
2952 if (my ($minus, $arg) = $cmd =~ m#\A$rc+\s*(-)?(\d+)?\z#) {
2954 # No arguments, take one thing off history.
2955 pop(@hist) if length($cmd) > 1;
2957 # Relative (- found)?
2958 # Y - index back from most recent (by 1 if bare minus)
2959 # N - go to that particular command slot or the last
2960 # thing if nothing following.
2961 $i = $minus ? ( $#hist - ( $arg || 1 ) ) : ( $arg || $#hist );
2963 # Pick out the command desired.
2966 # Print the command to be executed and restart the loop
2967 # with that command in the buffer.
2968 print $OUT $cmd, "\n";
2972 =head4 C<$sh$sh> - C<system()> command
2974 Calls the C<DB::system()> to handle the command. This keeps the C<STDIN> and
2975 C<STDOUT> from getting messed up.
2979 # $sh$sh - run a shell command (if it's all ASCII).
2980 # Can't run shell commands with Unicode in the debugger, hmm.
2981 if (my ($arg) = $cmd =~ m#\A$sh$sh\s*(.*)#ms) {
2988 =head4 C<$rc I<pattern> $rc> - Search command history
2990 Another command to manipulate C<@hist>: this one searches it with a pattern.
2991 If a command is found, it is placed in C<$cmd> and executed via C<redo>.
2995 # $rc pattern $rc - find a command in the history.
2996 if (my ($arg) = $cmd =~ /\A$rc([^$rc].*)\z/) {
2998 # Create the pattern to use.
3001 # Toss off last entry if length is >1 (and it always is).
3002 pop(@hist) if length($cmd) > 1;
3004 # Look backward through the history.
3005 for ( $i = $#hist ; $i ; --$i ) {
3006 # Stop if we find it.
3007 last if $hist[$i] =~ /$pat/;
3013 print $OUT "No such command!\n\n";
3017 # Found it. Put it in the buffer, print it, and process it.
3019 print $OUT $cmd, "\n";
3023 =head4 C<$sh> - Invoke a shell
3025 Uses C<DB::system> to invoke a shell.
3029 # $sh - start a shell.
3030 if ($cmd =~ /\A$sh\z/) {
3032 # Run the user's shell. If none defined, run Bourne.
3033 # We resume execution when the shell terminates.
3034 &system( $ENV{SHELL} || "/bin/sh" );
3038 =head4 C<$sh I<command>> - Force execution of a command in a shell
3040 Like the above, but the command is passed to the shell. Again, we use
3041 C<DB::system> to avoid problems with C<STDIN> and C<STDOUT>.
3045 # $sh command - start a shell and run a command in it.
3046 if (my ($arg) = $cmd =~ m#\A$sh\s*(.*)#ms) {
3048 # XXX: using csh or tcsh destroys sigint retvals!
3049 #&system($1); # use this instead
3051 # use the user's shell, or Bourne if none defined.
3052 &system( $ENV{SHELL} || "/bin/sh", "-c", $arg );
3056 =head4 C<H> - display commands in history
3058 Prints the contents of C<@hist> (if any).
3062 if ($cmd =~ /\AH\b\s*\*/) {
3063 @hist = @truehist = ();
3064 print $OUT "History cleansed\n";
3069 = $cmd =~ /\AH\b\s*(?:-(\d+))?/) {
3071 # Anything other than negative numbers is ignored by
3072 # the (incorrect) pattern, so this test does nothing.
3073 $end = $num ? ( $#hist - $num ) : 0;
3075 # Set to the minimum if less than zero.
3076 $hist = 0 if $hist < 0;
3078 # Start at the end of the array.
3079 # Stay in while we're still above the ending value.
3080 # Tick back by one each time around the loop.
3081 for ( $i = $#hist ; $i > $end ; $i-- ) {
3083 # Print the command unless it has no arguments.
3084 print $OUT "$i: ", $hist[$i], "\n"
3085 unless $hist[$i] =~ /^.?$/;
3090 =head4 C<man, doc, perldoc> - look up documentation
3092 Just calls C<runman()> to print the appropriate document.
3096 # man, perldoc, doc - show manual pages.
3098 = $cmd =~ /\A(?:man|(?:perl)?doc)\b(?:\s+([^(]*))?\z/) {
3105 Builds a C<print EXPR> expression in the C<$cmd>; this will get executed at
3106 the bottom of the loop.
3110 my $print_cmd = 'print {$DB::OUT} ';
3111 # p - print (no args): print $_.
3113 $cmd = $print_cmd . '$_';
3116 # p - print the given expression.
3117 $cmd =~ s/\Ap\b/$print_cmd /;
3119 =head4 C<=> - define command alias
3121 Manipulates C<%alias> to add or list command aliases.
3125 # = - set up a command alias.
3126 if ($cmd =~ s/\A=\s*//) {
3128 if ( length $cmd == 0 ) {
3130 # No args, get current aliases.
3131 @keys = sort keys %alias;
3133 elsif ( my ( $k, $v ) = ( $cmd =~ /^(\S+)\s+(\S.*)/ ) ) {
3135 # Creating a new alias. $k is alias name, $v is
3138 # can't use $_ or kill //g state
3139 for my $x ( $k, $v ) {
3141 # Escape "alarm" characters.
3145 # Substitute key for value, using alarm chars
3146 # as separators (which is why we escaped them in
3148 $alias{$k} = "s\a$k\a$v\a";
3150 # Turn off standard warn and die behavior.
3151 local $SIG{__DIE__};
3152 local $SIG{__WARN__};
3155 unless ( eval "sub { s\a$k\a$v\a }; 1" ) {
3157 # Nope. Bad alias. Say so and get out.
3158 print $OUT "Can't alias $k to $v: $@\n";
3163 # We'll only list the new one.
3165 } ## end elsif (my ($k, $v) = ($cmd...
3167 # The argument is the alias to list.
3175 # Messy metaquoting: Trim the substitution code off.
3176 # We use control-G as the delimiter because it's not
3177 # likely to appear in the alias.
3178 if ( ( my $v = $alias{$k} ) =~ s
\as\a$k\a(.*)\a$
\a1
\a ) {
3181 print $OUT "$k\t= $1\n";
3183 elsif ( defined $alias{$k} ) {
3185 # Couldn't trim it off; just print the alias code.
3186 print $OUT "$k\t$alias{$k}\n";
3191 print "No alias for $k\n";
3193 } ## end for my $k (@keys)
3197 =head4 C<source> - read commands from a file.
3199 Opens a lexical filehandle and stacks it on C<@cmdfhs>; C<DB::readline> will
3204 # source - read commands from a file (or pipe!) and execute.
3205 if (my ($sourced_fn) = $cmd =~ /\Asource\s+(.*\S)/) {
3206 if ( open my $fh, $sourced_fn ) {
3208 # Opened OK; stick it in the list of file handles.
3214 &warn("Can't execute '$sourced_fn': $!\n");
3219 if (my ($which_cmd, $position)
3220 = $cmd =~ /^(enable|disable)\s+(\S+)\s*$/) {
3222 my ($fn, $line_num);
3223 if ($position =~ m{\A\d+\z})
3226 $line_num = $position;
3228 elsif (my ($new_fn, $new_line_num)
3229 = $position =~ m{\A(.*):(\d+)\z}) {
3230 ($fn, $line_num) = ($new_fn, $new_line_num);
3234 &warn("Wrong spec for enable/disable argument.\n");
3238 if (_has_breakpoint_data_ref($fn, $line_num)) {
3239 _set_breakpoint_enabled_status($fn, $line_num,
3240 ($which_cmd eq 'enable' ? 1 : '')
3244 &warn("No breakpoint set at ${fn}:${line_num}\n");
3251 =head4 C<save> - send current history to a file
3253 Takes the complete history, (not the shrunken version you see with C<H>),
3254 and saves it to the given filename, so it can be replayed using C<source>.
3256 Note that all C<^(save|source)>'s are commented out with a view to minimise recursion.
3260 # save source - write commands to a file for later use
3261 if (my ($new_fn) = $cmd =~ /\Asave\s*(.*)\z/) {
3262 my $filename = $new_fn || '.perl5dbrc'; # default?
3263 if ( open my $fh, '>', $filename ) {
3265 # chomp to remove extraneous newlines from source'd files
3266 chomp( my @truelist =
3267 map { m/^\s*(save|source)/ ? "#$_" : $_ }
3269 print $fh join( "\n", @truelist );
3270 print "commands saved in $file\n";
3273 &warn("Can't save debugger commands in '$new_fn': $!\n");
3278 =head4 C<R> - restart
3280 Restart the debugger session.
3282 =head4 C<rerun> - rerun the current session
3284 Return to any given position in the B<true>-history list
3288 # R - restart execution.
3289 # rerun - controlled restart execution.
3290 if (my ($cmd_cmd, $cmd_params) =
3291 $cmd =~ /\A((?:R)|(?:rerun\s*(.*)))\z/) {
3292 my @args = ($cmd_cmd eq 'R' ? restart() : rerun($cmd_params));
3294 # Close all non-system fds for a clean restart. A more
3295 # correct method would be to close all fds that were not
3296 # open when the process started, but this seems to be
3297 # hard. See "debugger 'R'estart and open database
3298 # connections" on p5p.
3300 my $max_fd = 1024; # default if POSIX can't be loaded
3301 if (eval { require POSIX }) {
3302 eval { $max_fd = POSIX::sysconf(POSIX::_SC_OPEN_MAX()) };
3305 if (defined $max_fd) {
3306 foreach ($^F+1 .. $max_fd-1) {
3307 next unless open FD_TO_CLOSE, "<&=$_";
3312 # And run Perl again. We use exec() to keep the
3313 # PID stable (and that way $ini_pids is still valid).
3314 exec(@args) || print $OUT "exec failed: $!\n";
3319 =head4 C<|, ||> - pipe output through the pager.
3321 For C<|>, we save C<OUT> (the debugger's output filehandle) and C<STDOUT>
3322 (the program's standard output). For C<||>, we only save C<OUT>. We open a
3323 pipe to the pager (restoring the output filehandles if this fails). If this
3324 is the C<|> command, we also set up a C<SIGPIPE> handler which will simply
3325 set C<$signal>, sending us back into the debugger.
3327 We then trim off the pipe symbols and C<redo> the command loop at the
3328 C<PIPE> label, causing us to evaluate the command in C<$cmd> without
3333 # || - run command in the pager, with output to DB::OUT.
3334 if ($cmd =~ m#\A\|\|?\s*[^|]#) {
3335 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
3337 # Default pager is into a pipe. Redirect I/O.
3338 open( SAVEOUT, ">&STDOUT" )
3339 || &warn("Can't save STDOUT");
3340 open( STDOUT, ">&OUT" )
3341 || &warn("Can't redirect STDOUT");
3342 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
3345 # Not into a pipe. STDOUT is safe.
3346 open( SAVEOUT, ">&OUT" ) || &warn("Can't save DB::OUT");
3349 # Fix up environment to record we have less if so.
3352 unless ( $piped = open( OUT, $pager ) ) {
3354 # Couldn't open pipe to pager.
3355 &warn("Can't pipe output to '$pager'");
3356 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
3358 # Redirect I/O back again.
3359 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) # XXX: lost message
3360 || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3361 open( STDOUT, ">&SAVEOUT" )
3362 || &warn("Can't restore STDOUT");
3364 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
3367 # Redirect I/O. STDOUT already safe.
3368 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) # XXX: lost message
3369 || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3372 } ## end unless ($piped = open(OUT,...
3374 # Set up broken-pipe handler if necessary.
3375 $SIG{PIPE} = \&DB::catch
3377 && ( "" eq $SIG{PIPE} || "DEFAULT" eq $SIG{PIPE} );
3380 # Save current filehandle, and put it back.
3381 $selected = select(OUT);
3382 # Don't put it back if pager was a pipe.
3383 select($selected), $selected = "" unless $cmd =~ /^\|\|/;
3385 # Trim off the pipe symbols and run the command now.
3386 $cmd =~ s#\A\|+\s*##;
3390 =head3 END OF COMMAND PARSING
3392 Anything left in C<$cmd> at this point is a Perl expression that we want to
3393 evaluate. We'll always evaluate in the user's context, and fully qualify
3394 any variables we might want to address in the C<DB> package.
3398 # t - turn trace on.
3399 if ($cmd =~ s#\At\s+(\d+)?#\$DB::trace |= 1;\n#) {
3401 $trace_to_depth = $trace_arg ? $stack_depth||0 + $1 : 1E9;
3404 # s - single-step. Remember the last command was 's'.
3405 if ($cmd =~ s/\As\s/\$DB::single = 1;\n/) {
3409 # n - single-step, but not into subs. Remember last command
3411 if ($cmd =~ s#\An\s#\$DB::single = 2;\n#) {
3417 # Make sure the flag that says "the debugger's running" is
3418 # still on, to make sure we get control again.
3419 $evalarg = "\$^D = \$^D | \$DB::db_stop;\n$cmd";
3421 # Run *our* eval that executes in the caller's context.
3424 # Turn off the one-time-dump stuff now.
3426 $onetimeDump = undef;
3427 $onetimedumpDepth = undef;
3429 elsif ( $term_pid == $$ ) {
3430 eval { # May run under miniperl, when not available...
3435 # XXX If this is the master pid, print a newline.
3438 } ## end while (($term || &setterm...
3440 =head3 POST-COMMAND PROCESSING
3442 After each command, we check to see if the command output was piped anywhere.
3443 If so, we go through the necessary code to unhook the pipe and go back to
3444 our standard filehandles for input and output.
3450 # At the end of every command:
3453 # Unhook the pipe mechanism now.
3454 if ( $pager =~ /^\|/ ) {
3456 # No error from the child.
3459 # we cannot warn here: the handle is missing --tchrist
3460 close(OUT) || print SAVEOUT "\nCan't close DB::OUT\n";
3462 # most of the $? crud was coping with broken cshisms
3463 # $? is explicitly set to 0, so this never runs.
3465 print SAVEOUT "Pager '$pager' failed: ";
3467 print SAVEOUT "shell returned -1\n";
3470 print SAVEOUT ( $? & 127 )
3471 ? " (SIG#" . ( $? & 127 ) . ")"
3472 : "", ( $? & 128 ) ? " -- core dumped" : "", "\n";
3475 print SAVEOUT "status ", ( $? >> 8 ), "\n";
3479 # Reopen filehandle for our output (if we can) and
3480 # restore STDOUT (if we can).
3481 open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" ) || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3482 open( STDOUT, ">&SAVEOUT" )
3483 || &warn("Can't restore STDOUT");
3485 # Turn off pipe exception handler if necessary.
3486 $SIG{PIPE} = "DEFAULT" if $SIG{PIPE} eq \&DB::catch;
3488 # Will stop ignoring SIGPIPE if done like nohup(1)
3489 # does SIGINT but Perl doesn't give us a choice.
3490 } ## end if ($pager =~ /^\|/)
3493 # Non-piped "pager". Just restore STDOUT.
3494 open( OUT, ">&SAVEOUT" ) || &warn("Can't restore DB::OUT");
3497 # Close filehandle pager was using, restore the normal one
3500 select($selected), $selected = "" unless $selected eq "";
3504 } ## end if ($piped)
3507 =head3 COMMAND LOOP TERMINATION
3509 When commands have finished executing, we come here. If the user closed the
3510 input filehandle, we turn on C<$fall_off_end> to emulate a C<q> command. We
3511 evaluate any post-prompt items. We restore C<$@>, C<$!>, C<$^E>, C<$,>, C<$/>,
3512 C<$\>, and C<$^W>, and return a null list as expected by the Perl interpreter.
3513 The interpreter will then execute the next line and then return control to us
3518 # No more commands? Quit.
3519 $fall_off_end = 1 unless defined $cmd; # Emulate 'q' on EOF
3521 # Evaluate post-prompt commands.
3522 foreach $evalarg (@$post) {
3525 } # if ($single || $signal)
3527 # Put the user's globals back where you found them.
3528 ( $@, $!, $^E, $,, $/, $\, $^W ) = @saved;
3532 # The following code may be executed now:
3537 C<sub> is called whenever a subroutine call happens in the program being
3538 debugged. The variable C<$DB::sub> contains the name of the subroutine
3541 The core function of this subroutine is to actually call the sub in the proper
3542 context, capturing its output. This of course causes C<DB::DB> to get called
3543 again, repeating until the subroutine ends and returns control to C<DB::sub>
3544 again. Once control returns, C<DB::sub> figures out whether or not to dump the
3545 return value, and returns its captured copy of the return value as its own
3546 return value. The value then feeds back into the program being debugged as if
3547 C<DB::sub> hadn't been there at all.
3549 C<sub> does all the work of printing the subroutine entry and exit messages
3550 enabled by setting C<$frame>. It notes what sub the autoloader got called for,
3551 and also prints the return value if needed (for the C<r> command and if
3552 the 16 bit is set in C<$frame>).
3554 It also tracks the subroutine call depth by saving the current setting of
3555 C<$single> in the C<@stack> package global; if this exceeds the value in
3556 C<$deep>, C<sub> automatically turns on printing of the current depth by
3557 setting the C<4> bit in C<$single>. In any case, it keeps the current setting
3558 of stop/don't stop on entry to subs set as it currently is set.
3560 =head3 C<caller()> support
3562 If C<caller()> is called from the package C<DB>, it provides some
3563 additional data, in the following order:
3569 The package name the sub was in
3571 =item * C<$filename>
3573 The filename it was defined in
3577 The line number it was defined on
3579 =item * C<$subroutine>
3581 The subroutine name; C<(eval)> if an C<eval>().
3585 1 if it has arguments, 0 if not
3587 =item * C<$wantarray>
3589 1 if array context, 0 if scalar context
3591 =item * C<$evaltext>
3593 The C<eval>() text, if any (undefined for C<eval BLOCK>)
3595 =item * C<$is_require>
3597 frame was created by a C<use> or C<require> statement
3601 pragma information; subject to change between versions
3605 pragma information; subject to change between versions
3607 =item * C<@DB::args>
3609 arguments with which the subroutine was invoked
3617 # We need to fully qualify the name ("DB::sub") to make "use strict;"
3618 # happy. -- Shlomi Fish
3620 # Do not use a regex in this subroutine -> results in corrupted memory
3621 # See: [perl #66110]
3623 # lock ourselves under threads
3626 # Whether or not the autoloader was running, a scalar to put the
3627 # sub's return value in (if needed), and an array to put the sub's
3628 # return value in (if needed).
3629 my ( $al, $ret, @ret ) = "";
3630 if ($sub eq 'threads::new' && $ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
3631 print "creating new thread\n";
3634 # If the last ten characters are '::AUTOLOAD', note we've traced
3635 # into AUTOLOAD for $sub.
3636 if ( length($sub) > 10 && substr( $sub, -10, 10 ) eq '::AUTOLOAD' ) {
3638 $al = " for $$sub" if defined $$sub;
3641 # We stack the stack pointer and then increment it to protect us
3642 # from a situation that might unwind a whole bunch of call frames
3643 # at once. Localizing the stack pointer means that it will automatically
3644 # unwind the same amount when multiple stack frames are unwound.
3645 local $stack_depth = $stack_depth + 1; # Protect from non-local exits
3648 $#stack = $stack_depth;
3650 # Save current single-step setting.
3651 $stack[-1] = $single;
3653 # Turn off all flags except single-stepping.
3656 # If we've gotten really deeply recursed, turn on the flag that will
3657 # make us stop with the 'deep recursion' message.
3658 $single |= 4 if $stack_depth == $deep;
3660 # If frame messages are on ...
3662 $frame & 4 # Extended frame entry message
3664 print_lineinfo( ' ' x ( $stack_depth - 1 ), "in " ),
3666 # Why -1? But it works! :-(
3667 # Because print_trace will call add 1 to it and then call
3668 # dump_trace; this results in our skipping -1+1 = 0 stack frames
3670 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3672 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x ( $stack_depth - 1 ), "entering $sub$al\n" )
3674 # standard frame entry message
3678 # Determine the sub's return type, and capture appropriately.
3681 # Called in array context. call sub and capture output.
3682 # DB::DB will recursively get control again if appropriate; we'll come
3683 # back here when the sub is finished.
3689 # Pop the single-step value back off the stack.
3690 $single |= $stack[ $stack_depth-- ];
3692 # Check for exit trace messages...
3694 $frame & 4 # Extended exit message
3696 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "out " ),
3697 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3699 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "exited $sub$al\n" )
3701 # Standard exit message
3705 # Print the return info if we need to.
3706 if ( $doret eq $stack_depth or $frame & 16 ) {
3708 # Turn off output record separator.
3710 my $fh = ( $doret eq $stack_depth ? $OUT : $LINEINFO );
3712 # Indent if we're printing because of $frame tracing.
3713 print $fh ' ' x $stack_depth if $frame & 16;
3715 # Print the return value.
3716 print $fh "list context return from $sub:\n";
3717 dumpit( $fh, \@ret );
3719 # And don't print it again.
3721 } ## end if ($doret eq $stack_depth...
3722 # And we have to return the return value now.
3724 } ## end if (wantarray)
3728 if ( defined wantarray ) {
3730 # Save the value if it's wanted at all.
3735 # Void return, explicitly.
3740 # Pop the single-step value off the stack.
3741 $single |= $stack[ $stack_depth-- ];
3743 # If we're doing exit messages...
3745 $frame & 4 # Extended messages
3747 print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "out " ),
3748 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3750 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x $stack_depth, "exited $sub$al\n" )
3756 # If we are supposed to show the return value... same as before.
3757 if ( $doret eq $stack_depth or $frame & 16 and defined wantarray ) {
3759 my $fh = ( $doret eq $stack_depth ? $OUT : $LINEINFO );
3760 print $fh ( ' ' x $stack_depth ) if $frame & 16;
3763 ? "scalar context return from $sub: "
3764 : "void context return from $sub\n"
3766 dumpit( $fh, $ret ) if defined wantarray;
3768 } ## end if ($doret eq $stack_depth...
3770 # Return the appropriate scalar value.
3772 } ## end else [ if (wantarray)
3779 # lock ourselves under threads
3782 # Whether or not the autoloader was running, a scalar to put the
3783 # sub's return value in (if needed), and an array to put the sub's
3784 # return value in (if needed).
3785 my ( $al, $ret, @ret ) = "";
3786 if ($sub =~ /^threads::new$/ && $ENV{PERL5DB_THREADED}) {
3787 print "creating new thread\n";
3790 # If the last ten characters are C'::AUTOLOAD', note we've traced
3791 # into AUTOLOAD for $sub.
3792 if ( length($sub) > 10 && substr( $sub, -10, 10 ) eq '::AUTOLOAD' ) {
3796 # We stack the stack pointer and then increment it to protect us
3797 # from a situation that might unwind a whole bunch of call frames
3798 # at once. Localizing the stack pointer means that it will automatically
3799 # unwind the same amount when multiple stack frames are unwound.
3800 local $stack_depth = $stack_depth + 1; # Protect from non-local exits
3803 $#stack = $stack_depth;
3805 # Save current single-step setting.
3806 $stack[-1] = $single;
3808 # Turn off all flags except single-stepping.
3811 # If we've gotten really deeply recursed, turn on the flag that will
3812 # make us stop with the 'deep recursion' message.
3813 $single |= 4 if $stack_depth == $deep;
3815 # If frame messages are on ...
3817 $frame & 4 # Extended frame entry message
3819 print_lineinfo( ' ' x ( $stack_depth - 1 ), "in " ),
3821 # Why -1? But it works! :-(
3822 # Because print_trace will call add 1 to it and then call
3823 # dump_trace; this results in our skipping -1+1 = 0 stack frames
3825 print_trace( $LINEINFO, -1, 1, 1, "$sub$al" )
3827 : print_lineinfo( ' ' x ( $stack_depth - 1 ), "entering $sub$al\n" )
3829 # standard frame entry message
3833 # Pop the single-step value back off the stack.
3834 $single |= $stack[ $stack_depth-- ];
3836 # call the original lvalue sub.
3840 # Abstracting common code from multiple places elsewhere:
3841 sub depth_print_lineinfo {
3842 my $always_print = shift;
3844 print_lineinfo( @_ ) if ($always_print or $stack_depth < $trace_to_depth);
3847 =head1 EXTENDED COMMAND HANDLING AND THE COMMAND API
3849 In Perl 5.8.0, there was a major realignment of the commands and what they did,
3850 Most of the changes were to systematize the command structure and to eliminate
3851 commands that threw away user input without checking.
3853 The following sections describe the code added to make it easy to support
3854 multiple command sets with conflicting command names. This section is a start
3855 at unifying all command processing to make it simpler to develop commands.
3857 Note that all the cmd_[a-zA-Z] subroutines require the command name, a line
3858 number, and C<$dbline> (the current line) as arguments.
3860 Support functions in this section which have multiple modes of failure C<die>
3861 on error; the rest simply return a false value.
3863 The user-interface functions (all of the C<cmd_*> functions) just output
3868 The C<%set> hash defines the mapping from command letter to subroutine
3871 C<%set> is a two-level hash, indexed by set name and then by command name.
3872 Note that trying to set the CommandSet to C<foobar> simply results in the
3873 5.8.0 command set being used, since there's no top-level entry for C<foobar>.
3882 'A' => 'pre580_null',
3884 'B' => 'pre580_null',
3885 'd' => 'pre580_null',
3888 'M' => 'pre580_null',
3890 'o' => 'pre580_null',
3896 '<' => 'pre590_prepost',
3897 '<<' => 'pre590_prepost',
3898 '>' => 'pre590_prepost',
3899 '>>' => 'pre590_prepost',
3900 '{' => 'pre590_prepost',
3901 '{{' => 'pre590_prepost',
3905 my %breakpoints_data;
3907 sub _has_breakpoint_data_ref {
3908 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
3911 exists( $breakpoints_data{$filename} )
3913 exists( $breakpoints_data{$filename}{$line} )
3917 sub _get_breakpoint_data_ref {
3918 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
3920 return ($breakpoints_data{$filename}{$line} ||= +{});
3923 sub _delete_breakpoint_data_ref {
3924 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
3926 delete($breakpoints_data{$filename}{$line});
3927 if (! scalar(keys( %{$breakpoints_data{$filename}} )) ) {
3928 delete($breakpoints_data{$filename});
3934 sub _set_breakpoint_enabled_status {
3935 my ($filename, $line, $status) = @_;
3937 _get_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line)->{'enabled'} =
3944 sub _enable_breakpoint_temp_enabled_status {
3945 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
3947 _get_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line)->{'temp_enabled'} = 1;
3952 sub _cancel_breakpoint_temp_enabled_status {
3953 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
3955 my $ref = _get_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line);
3957 delete ($ref->{'temp_enabled'});
3960 _delete_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line);
3966 sub _is_breakpoint_enabled {
3967 my ($filename, $line) = @_;
3969 my $data_ref = _get_breakpoint_data_ref($filename, $line);
3970 return ($data_ref->{'enabled'} || $data_ref->{'temp_enabled'});
3973 =head2 C<cmd_wrapper()> (API)
3975 C<cmd_wrapper()> allows the debugger to switch command sets
3976 depending on the value of the C<CommandSet> option.
3978 It tries to look up the command in the C<%set> package-level I<lexical>
3979 (which means external entities can't fiddle with it) and create the name of
3980 the sub to call based on the value found in the hash (if it's there). I<All>
3981 of the commands to be handled in a set have to be added to C<%set>; if they
3982 aren't found, the 5.8.0 equivalent is called (if there is one).
3984 This code uses symbolic references.
3991 my $dblineno = shift;
3993 # Assemble the command subroutine's name by looking up the
3994 # command set and command name in %set. If we can't find it,
3995 # default to the older version of the command.
3997 . ( $set{$CommandSet}{$cmd}
3998 || ( $cmd =~ /^[<>{]+/o ? 'prepost' : $cmd ) );
4000 # Call the command subroutine, call it by name.
4001 return __PACKAGE__->can($call)->( $cmd, $line, $dblineno );
4002 } ## end sub cmd_wrapper
4004 =head3 C<cmd_a> (command)
4006 The C<a> command handles pre-execution actions. These are associated with a
4007 particular line, so they're stored in C<%dbline>. We default to the current
4008 line if none is specified.
4014 my $line = shift || ''; # [.|line] expr
4017 # If it's dot (here), or not all digits, use the current line.
4018 $line =~ s/^(\.|(?:[^\d]))/$dbline/;
4020 # Should be a line number followed by an expression.
4021 if ( $line =~ /^\s*(\d*)\s*(\S.+)/ ) {
4022 my ( $lineno, $expr ) = ( $1, $2 );
4024 # If we have an expression ...
4025 if ( length $expr ) {
4027 # ... but the line isn't breakable, complain.
4028 if ( $dbline[$lineno] == 0 ) {
4030 "Line $lineno($dbline[$lineno]) does not have an action?\n";
4034 # It's executable. Record that the line has an action.
4035 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 2;
4037 # Remove any action, temp breakpoint, etc.
4038 $dbline{$lineno} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//;
4040 # Add the action to the line.
4041 $dbline{$lineno} .= "\0" . action($expr);
4043 _set_breakpoint_enabled_status($filename, $lineno, 1);
4045 } ## end if (length $expr)
4046 } ## end if ($line =~ /^\s*(\d*)\s*(\S.+)/)
4051 "Adding an action requires an optional lineno and an expression\n"
4056 =head3 C<cmd_A> (command)
4058 Delete actions. Similar to above, except the delete code is in a separate
4059 subroutine, C<delete_action>.
4065 my $line = shift || '';
4069 $line =~ s/^\./$dbline/;
4071 # Call delete_action with a null param to delete them all.
4072 # The '1' forces the eval to be true. It'll be false only
4073 # if delete_action blows up for some reason, in which case
4074 # we print $@ and get out.
4075 if ( $line eq '*' ) {
4076 eval { &delete_action(); 1 } or print $OUT $@ and return;
4079 # There's a real line number. Pass it to delete_action.
4080 # Error trapping is as above.
4081 elsif ( $line =~ /^(\S.*)/ ) {
4082 eval { &delete_action($1); 1 } or print $OUT $@ and return;
4085 # Swing and a miss. Bad syntax.
4088 "Deleting an action requires a line number, or '*' for all\n" ; # hint
4092 =head3 C<delete_action> (API)
4094 C<delete_action> accepts either a line number or C<undef>. If a line number
4095 is specified, we check for the line being executable (if it's not, it
4096 couldn't have had an action). If it is, we just take the action off (this
4097 will get any kind of an action, including breakpoints).
4103 if ( defined($i) ) {
4106 die "Line $i has no action .\n" if $dbline[$i] == 0;
4108 # Nuke whatever's there.
4109 $dbline{$i} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//; # \^a
4110 delete $dbline{$i} if $dbline{$i} eq '';
4113 print $OUT "Deleting all actions...\n";
4114 for my $file ( keys %had_breakpoints ) {
4115 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $file };
4118 for $i (1 .. $max) {
4119 if ( defined $dbline{$i} ) {
4120 $dbline{$i} =~ s/\0[^\0]*//;
4121 delete $dbline{$i} if $dbline{$i} eq '';
4123 unless ( $had_breakpoints{$file} &= ~2 ) {
4124 delete $had_breakpoints{$file};
4126 } ## end for ($i = 1 .. $max)
4127 } ## end for my $file (keys %had_breakpoints)
4128 } ## end else [ if (defined($i))
4129 } ## end sub delete_action
4131 =head3 C<cmd_b> (command)
4133 Set breakpoints. Since breakpoints can be set in so many places, in so many
4134 ways, conditionally or not, the breakpoint code is kind of complex. Mostly,
4135 we try to parse the command type, and then shuttle it off to an appropriate
4136 subroutine to actually do the work of setting the breakpoint in the right
4143 my $line = shift; # [.|line] [cond]
4146 # Make . the current line number if it's there..
4147 $line =~ s/^\.(\s|\z)/$dbline$1/;
4149 # No line number, no condition. Simple break on current line.
4150 if ( $line =~ /^\s*$/ ) {
4151 &cmd_b_line( $dbline, 1 );
4154 # Break on load for a file.
4155 elsif ( $line =~ /^load\b\s*(.*)/ ) {
4161 # b compile|postpone <some sub> [<condition>]
4162 # The interpreter actually traps this one for us; we just put the
4163 # necessary condition in the %postponed hash.
4164 elsif ( $line =~ /^(postpone|compile)\b\s*([':A-Za-z_][':\w]*)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4166 # Capture the condition if there is one. Make it true if none.
4167 my $cond = length $3 ? $3 : '1';
4169 # Save the sub name and set $break to 1 if $1 was 'postpone', 0
4170 # if it was 'compile'.
4171 my ( $subname, $break ) = ( $2, $1 eq 'postpone' );
4173 # De-Perl4-ify the name - ' separators to ::.
4174 $subname =~ s/\'/::/g;
4176 # Qualify it into the current package unless it's already qualified.
4177 $subname = "${package}::" . $subname unless $subname =~ /::/;
4179 # Add main if it starts with ::.
4180 $subname = "main" . $subname if substr( $subname, 0, 2 ) eq "::";
4182 # Save the break type for this sub.
4183 $postponed{$subname} = $break ? "break +0 if $cond" : "compile";
4184 } ## end elsif ($line =~ ...
4185 # b <filename>:<line> [<condition>]
4186 elsif ($line =~ /\A(\S+[^:]):(\d+)\s*(.*)/ms) {
4187 my ($filename, $line_num, $cond) = ($1, $2, $3);
4188 cmd_b_filename_line(
4191 (length($cond) ? $cond : '1'),
4194 # b <sub name> [<condition>]
4195 elsif ( $line =~ /^([':A-Za-z_][':\w]*(?:\[.*\])?)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4199 my $cond = length $2 ? $2 : '1';
4200 &cmd_b_sub( $subname, $cond );
4203 # b <line> [<condition>].
4204 elsif ( $line =~ /^(\d*)\s*(.*)/ ) {
4206 # Capture the line. If none, it's the current line.
4207 $line = $1 || $dbline;
4209 # If there's no condition, make it '1'.
4210 my $cond = length $2 ? $2 : '1';
4213 &cmd_b_line( $line, $cond );
4216 # Line didn't make sense.
4218 print "confused by line($line)?\n";
4222 =head3 C<break_on_load> (API)
4224 We want to break when this file is loaded. Mark this file in the
4225 C<%break_on_load> hash, and note that it has a breakpoint in
4226 C<%had_breakpoints>.
4232 $break_on_load{$file} = 1;
4233 $had_breakpoints{$file} |= 1;
4236 =head3 C<report_break_on_load> (API)
4238 Gives us an array of filenames that are set to break on load. Note that
4239 only files with break-on-load are in here, so simply showing the keys
4244 sub report_break_on_load {
4245 sort keys %break_on_load;
4248 =head3 C<cmd_b_load> (command)
4250 We take the file passed in and try to find it in C<%INC> (which maps modules
4251 to files they came from). We mark those files for break-on-load via
4252 C<break_on_load> and then report that it was done.
4260 # This is a block because that way we can use a redo inside it
4261 # even without there being any looping structure at all outside it.
4264 # Save short name and full path if found.
4266 push @files, $::INC{$file} if $::INC{$file};
4268 # Tack on .pm and do it again unless there was a '.' in the name
4270 $file .= '.pm', redo unless $file =~ /\./;
4273 # Do the real work here.
4274 break_on_load($_) for @files;
4276 # All the files that have break-on-load breakpoints.
4277 @files = report_break_on_load;
4279 # Normalize for the purposes of our printing this.
4282 print $OUT "Will stop on load of '@files'.\n";
4283 } ## end sub cmd_b_load
4285 =head3 C<$filename_error> (API package global)
4287 Several of the functions we need to implement in the API need to work both
4288 on the current file and on other files. We don't want to duplicate code, so
4289 C<$filename_error> is used to contain the name of the file that's being
4290 worked on (if it's not the current one).
4292 We can now build functions in pairs: the basic function works on the current
4293 file, and uses C<$filename_error> as part of its error message. Since this is
4294 initialized to C<"">, no filename will appear when we are working on the
4297 The second function is a wrapper which does the following:
4303 Localizes C<$filename_error> and sets it to the name of the file to be processed.
4307 Localizes the C<*dbline> glob and reassigns it to point to the file we want to process.
4311 Calls the first function.
4313 The first function works on the I<current> file (i.e., the one we changed to),
4314 and prints C<$filename_error> in the error message (the name of the other file)
4315 if it needs to. When the functions return, C<*dbline> is restored to point
4316 to the actual current file (the one we're executing in) and
4317 C<$filename_error> is restored to C<"">. This restores everything to
4318 the way it was before the second function was called at all.
4320 See the comments in C<breakable_line> and C<breakable_line_in_file> for more
4327 use vars qw($filename_error);
4328 $filename_error = '';
4330 =head3 breakable_line(from, to) (API)
4332 The subroutine decides whether or not a line in the current file is breakable.
4333 It walks through C<@dbline> within the range of lines specified, looking for
4334 the first line that is breakable.
4336 If C<$to> is greater than C<$from>, the search moves forwards, finding the
4337 first line I<after> C<$to> that's breakable, if there is one.
4339 If C<$from> is greater than C<$to>, the search goes I<backwards>, finding the
4340 first line I<before> C<$to> that's breakable, if there is one.
4344 sub breakable_line {
4346 my ( $from, $to ) = @_;
4348 # $i is the start point. (Where are the FORTRAN programs of yesteryear?)
4351 # If there are at least 2 arguments, we're trying to search a range.
4354 # $delta is positive for a forward search, negative for a backward one.
4355 my $delta = $from < $to ? +1 : -1;
4357 # Keep us from running off the ends of the file.
4358 my $limit = $delta > 0 ? $#dbline : 1;
4360 # Clever test. If you're a mathematician, it's obvious why this
4361 # test works. If not:
4362 # If $delta is positive (going forward), $limit will be $#dbline.
4363 # If $to is less than $limit, ($limit - $to) will be positive, times
4364 # $delta of 1 (positive), so the result is > 0 and we should use $to
4365 # as the stopping point.
4367 # If $to is greater than $limit, ($limit - $to) is negative,
4368 # times $delta of 1 (positive), so the result is < 0 and we should
4369 # use $limit ($#dbline) as the stopping point.
4371 # If $delta is negative (going backward), $limit will be 1.
4372 # If $to is zero, ($limit - $to) will be 1, times $delta of -1
4373 # (negative) so the result is > 0, and we use $to as the stopping
4376 # If $to is less than zero, ($limit - $to) will be positive,
4377 # times $delta of -1 (negative), so the result is not > 0, and
4378 # we use $limit (1) as the stopping point.
4380 # If $to is 1, ($limit - $to) will zero, times $delta of -1
4381 # (negative), still giving zero; the result is not > 0, and
4382 # we use $limit (1) as the stopping point.
4384 # if $to is >1, ($limit - $to) will be negative, times $delta of -1
4385 # (negative), giving a positive (>0) value, so we'll set $limit to
4388 $limit = $to if ( $limit - $to ) * $delta > 0;
4390 # The real search loop.
4391 # $i starts at $from (the point we want to start searching from).
4392 # We move through @dbline in the appropriate direction (determined
4393 # by $delta: either -1 (back) or +1 (ahead).
4394 # We stay in as long as we haven't hit an executable line
4395 # ($dbline[$i] == 0 means not executable) and we haven't reached
4396 # the limit yet (test similar to the above).
4397 $i += $delta while $dbline[$i] == 0 and ( $limit - $i ) * $delta > 0;
4399 } ## end if (@_ >= 2)
4401 # If $i points to a line that is executable, return that.
4402 return $i unless $dbline[$i] == 0;
4404 # Format the message and print it: no breakable lines in range.
4405 my ( $pl, $upto ) = ( '', '' );
4406 ( $pl, $upto ) = ( 's', "..$to" ) if @_ >= 2 and $from != $to;
4408 # If there's a filename in filename_error, we'll see it.
4410 die "Line$pl $from$upto$filename_error not breakable\n";
4411 } ## end sub breakable_line
4413 =head3 breakable_line_in_filename(file, from, to) (API)
4415 Like C<breakable_line>, but look in another file.
4419 sub breakable_line_in_filename {
4421 # Capture the file name.
4424 # Swap the magic line array over there temporarily.
4425 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $f };
4427 # If there's an error, it's in this other file.
4428 local $filename_error = " of '$f'";
4430 # Find the breakable line.
4433 # *dbline and $filename_error get restored when this block ends.
4435 } ## end sub breakable_line_in_filename
4437 =head3 break_on_line(lineno, [condition]) (API)
4439 Adds a breakpoint with the specified condition (or 1 if no condition was
4440 specified) to the specified line. Dies if it can't.
4445 my ( $i, $cond ) = @_;
4447 # Always true if no condition supplied.
4448 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 2;
4454 # Woops, not a breakable line. $filename_error allows us to say
4455 # if it was in a different file.
4456 die "Line $i$filename_error not breakable.\n" if $dbline[$i] == 0;
4458 # Mark this file as having breakpoints in it.
4459 $had_breakpoints{$filename} |= 1;
4461 # If there is an action or condition here already ...
4462 if ( $dbline{$i} ) {
4464 # ... swap this condition for the existing one.
4465 $dbline{$i} =~ s/^[^\0]*/$cond/;
4469 # Nothing here - just add the condition.
4470 $dbline{$i} = $cond;
4472 _set_breakpoint_enabled_status($filename, $i, 1);
4474 } ## end sub break_on_line
4476 =head3 cmd_b_line(line, [condition]) (command)
4478 Wrapper for C<break_on_line>. Prints the failure message if it
4484 if (not eval { break_on_line(@_); 1 }) {
4486 print $OUT $@ and return;
4490 } ## end sub cmd_b_line
4492 =head3 cmd_b_filename_line(line, [condition]) (command)
4494 Wrapper for C<break_on_filename_line>. Prints the failure message if it
4499 sub cmd_b_filename_line {
4500 if (not eval { break_on_filename_line(@_); 1 }) {
4502 print $OUT $@ and return;
4508 =head3 break_on_filename_line(file, line, [condition]) (API)
4510 Switches to the file specified and then calls C<break_on_line> to set
4515 sub break_on_filename_line {
4516 my ( $f, $i, $cond ) = @_;
4518 # Always true if condition left off.
4519 $cond = 1 unless @_ >= 3;
4521 # Switch the magical hash temporarily.
4522 local *dbline = $main::{ '_<' . $f };
4524 # Localize the variables that break_on_line uses to make its message.
4525 local $filename_error = " of '$f'";
4526 local $filename = $f;
4528 # Add the breakpoint.
4529 break_on_line( $i, $cond );
4530 } ## end sub break_on_filename_line
4532 =head3 break_on_filename_line_range(file, from, to, [condition]) (API)
4534 Switch to another file, search the range of lines specified for an
4535 executable one, and put a breakpoint on the first one you find.
4539 sub break_on_filename_line_range {
4540 my ( $f, $from, $to, $cond ) = @_;
4542 # Find a breakable line if there is one.
4543 my $i = breakable_line_in_filename( $f, $from, $to );