perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *    Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
   5  *
   6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   8  *
   9  */
  10
  11 /*
  12  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  13  *  All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  14  *
  15  *     [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
  16  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  20  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  21  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  22  *
  23  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  24  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  25  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  26  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  27  *
  28  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  29  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  30  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  31  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  32  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  33  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  34  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  35  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  36  *
  37  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  38  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  39  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  40  *
  41  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  42  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  43  * an action.
  44  */
  45
  46 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  47
  48 %pure_parser
  49
  50 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  51
  52 %start grammar
  53
  54 %union {
  55     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  56                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  57     char *pval;
  58     OP *opval;
  59     GV *gvval;
  60 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  61     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  62     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  63 #else
  64     char *p_tkval;
  65     I32 i_tkval;
  66 #endif
  67 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  68     TOKEN* tkval;
  69 #endif
  70 }
  71
  72 %token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ
  73
  74 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';' '=' '.'
  75
  76 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
  77 %token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  78 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
  79 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  80 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  81 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  82 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  83 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
  84 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  85 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  86 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  87 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY REQUIRE
  88 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR FORMLBRACK FORMRBRACK
  89
  90 %type <ival> grammar remember mremember
  91 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  92 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  93 %type <ival> mintro
  94
  95 %type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
  96 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  97 %type <opval> sliceme kvslice gelem
  98 %type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
  99 %type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr indirob listop method
 100 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar formblock
 101 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
 102 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
 103 %type <opval> formstmtseq formline formarg
 104
 105 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 106 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 107
 108 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 109 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 110 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 111 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 112 %left <i_tkval> ','
 113 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 114 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 115 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
 116 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 117 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 118 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 119 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 120 %nonassoc EQOP
 121 %nonassoc RELOP
 122 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 123 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 124 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 125 %left ADDOP
 126 %left MULOP
 127 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 128 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 129 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 130 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC POSTJOIN
 131 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 132 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 133 %left <i_tkval> '('
 134 %left '[' '{'
 135
 136 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 137
 138 %% /* RULES */
 139
 140 /* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
 141 grammar :       GRAMPROG
 142                         {
 143                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 144                         }
 145                 remember stmtseq
 146                         {
 147                           newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
 148                           $$ = 0;
 149                         }
 150         |       GRAMEXPR
 151                         {
 152                           parser->expect = XTERM;
 153                         }
 154                 optexpr
 155                         {
 156                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 157                           $$ = 0;
 158                         }
 159         |       GRAMBLOCK
 160                         {
 161                           parser->expect = XBLOCK;
 162                         }
 163                 block
 164                         {
 165                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 166                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 167                           $$ = 0;
 168                           yyunlex();
 169                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 170                         }
 171         |       GRAMBARESTMT
 172                         {
 173                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 174                         }
 175                 barestmt
 176                         {
 177                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 178                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 179                           $$ = 0;
 180                           yyunlex();
 181                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 182                         }
 183         |       GRAMFULLSTMT
 184                         {
 185                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 186                         }
 187                 fullstmt
 188                         {
 189                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 190                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 191                           $$ = 0;
 192                           yyunlex();
 193                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 194                         }
 195         |       GRAMSTMTSEQ
 196                         {
 197                           parser->expect = XSTATE;
 198                         }
 199                 stmtseq
 200                         {
 201                           PL_eval_root = $3;
 202                           $$ = 0;
 203                         }
 204         ;
 205
 206 /* An ordinary block */
 207 block   :       '{' remember stmtseq '}'
 208                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 209                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 210                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 211                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 212                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 213                         }
 214         ;
 215
 216 /* format body */
 217 formblock:      '=' remember ';' FORMRBRACK formstmtseq ';' '.'
 218                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 219                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 220                           $$ = block_end($2, $5);
 221                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 222                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,'}');
 223                         }
 224         ;
 225
 226 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 227                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 228         ;
 229
 230 mblock  :       '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
 231                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 232                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 233                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 234                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 235                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 236                         }
 237         ;
 238
 239 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 240                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 241         ;
 242
 243 /* A sequence of statements in the program */
 244 stmtseq :       /* NULL */
 245                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 246         |       stmtseq fullstmt
 247                         {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
 248                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 249                             if ($1 && $2)
 250                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 251                         }
 252         ;
 253
 254 /* A sequence of format lines */
 255 formstmtseq:    /* NULL */
 256                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 257         |       formstmtseq formline
 258                         {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
 259                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 260                             if ($1 && $2)
 261                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 262                         }
 263         ;
 264
 265 /* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
 266 fullstmt:       barestmt
 267                         {
 268                           if($1) {
 269                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $1);
 270                           } else {
 271                               $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), NULL);
 272                           }
 273                         }
 274         |       labfullstmt
 275                         { $$ = $1; }
 276         ;
 277
 278 labfullstmt:    LABEL barestmt
 279                         {
 280                           $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8
 281                                            * PVAL($1)[strlen(PVAL($1))+1],
 282                                           PVAL($1), $2);
 283                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,
 284                               $2 ? cLISTOPx($$)->op_first : $$, 'L');
 285                         }
 286         |       LABEL labfullstmt
 287                         {
 288                           $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8
 289                                            * PVAL($1)[strlen(PVAL($1))+1],
 290                                           PVAL($1), $2);
 291                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1, cLISTOPx($$)->op_first, 'L');
 292                         }
 293         ;
 294
 295 /* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
 296 barestmt:       PLUGSTMT
 297                         { $$ = $1; }
 298         |       PEG
 299                         {
 300                           $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 301                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 302                         }
 303         |       FORMAT startformsub formname formblock
 304                         {
 305                           CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
 306 #ifdef MAD
 307                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 308                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 309                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 310                           token_free($1);
 311 #else
 312                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 313                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 314 #endif
 315                           if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
 316                               SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(fmtcv);
 317                               pad_add_anon(fmtcv, OP_NULL);
 318                           }
 319                         }
 320         |       SUB subname startsub
 321                         {
 322                           if ($2->op_type == OP_CONST) {
 323                             const char *const name =
 324                                 SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$2)->op_sv);
 325                             if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 326                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 327                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 328                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 329                           }
 330                           else
 331                           /* State subs inside anonymous subs need to be
 332                              clonable themselves. */
 333                           if (CvANON(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
 334                            || CvCLONE(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
 335                            || !PadnameIsSTATE(PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(
 336                                                 CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv)
 337                                              ))[$2->op_targ]))
 338                               CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
 339                           PL_parser->in_my = 0;
 340                           PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
 341                         }
 342                 proto subattrlist subbody
 343                         {
 344                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 345 #ifdef MAD
 346                           {
 347                               OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 348                                 (SV*)(
 349 #endif
 350                           $2->op_type == OP_CONST
 351                               ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
 352                               : newMYSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
 353 #ifdef MAD
 354                                 ));
 355                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 356                               op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 357                               op_getmad($2,$$,'n');
 358                               op_getmad($5,$$,'s');
 359                               op_getmad($6,$$,'a');
 360                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 361                               append_madprops($7->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 362                               $7->op_madprop = 0;
 363                           }
 364 #else
 365                           ;
 366                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 367 #endif
 368                           intro_my();
 369                         }
 370         |       PACKAGE WORD WORD ';'
 371                         {
 372 #ifdef MAD
 373                           $$ = package($3);
 374                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 375                           if ($2)
 376                               package_version($2);
 377                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
 378 #else
 379                           package($3);
 380                           if ($2)
 381                               package_version($2);
 382                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 383 #endif
 384                         }
 385         |       USE startsub
 386                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 387                 WORD WORD optlistexpr ';'
 388                         {
 389                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 390 #ifdef MAD
 391                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 392                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 393                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 394                           if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
 395                                       AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 396                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_NULL, NULL, 0), $$, 0);
 397 #else
 398                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 399                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 400 #endif
 401                         }
 402         |       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 403                         {
 404                           $$ = block_end($3,
 405                               newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
 406                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 407                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 408                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 409                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 410                         }
 411         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 412                         {
 413                           $$ = block_end($3,
 414                               newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
 415                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 416                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 417                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 418                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 419                         }
 420         |       GIVEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 421                         {
 422                           const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
 423                           $$ = block_end($3,
 424                                   newGIVENOP($4, op_scope($6),
 425                                     offset == NOT_IN_PAD
 426                                     || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)
 427                                       ? 0
 428                                       : offset));
 429                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 430                         }
 431         |       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 432                         { $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
 433         |       DEFAULT block
 434                         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
 435         |       WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 436                         {
 437                           $$ = block_end($3,
 438                                   newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 439                                       $4, $7, $8, $6));
 440                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 441                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 442                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 443                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 444                         }
 445         |       UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 446                         {
 447                           $$ = block_end($3,
 448                                   newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 449                                       $4, $7, $8, $6));
 450                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 451                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 452                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 453                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 454                         }
 455         |       FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 456                 mblock
 457                         {
 458                           OP *initop = IF_MAD($4 ? $4 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0), $4);
 459                           OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 460                                       scalar($6), $11, $9, $8);
 461                           if (initop) {
 462                               forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
 463                                   op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 464                                       newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
 465                                       forop));
 466                           }
 467                           DO_MAD({ forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, forop); })
 468                           $$ = block_end($3, forop);
 469                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'3');
 470                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 471                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'1');
 472                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,'2');
 473                           TOKEN_GETMAD($10,$$,')');
 474                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 475                         }
 476         |       FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 477                         {
 478                           $$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
 479                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 480                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'d');
 481                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'(');
 482                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,')');
 483                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 484                         }
 485         |       FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 486                         {
 487                           $$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
 488                                       op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
 489                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 490                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 491                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 492                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 493                         }
 494         |       FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 495                         {
 496                           $$ = block_end($3,
 497                                   newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $4, $6, $7));
 498                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
 499                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 500                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 501                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 502                         }
 503         |       block cont
 504                         {
 505                           /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 506                           $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 507                                   (OP*)NULL, $1, $2, 0);
 508                         }
 509         |       PACKAGE WORD WORD '{' remember
 510                         {
 511                           package($3);
 512                           if ($2) {
 513                               package_version($2);
 514                           }
 515                         }
 516                 stmtseq '}'
 517                         {
 518                           /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 519                           $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 520                                   (OP*)NULL, block_end($5, $7), (OP*)NULL, 0);
 521                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'{');
 522                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,$$,'}');
 523                           if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($4))
 524                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($4);
 525                         }
 526         |       sideff ';'
 527                         {
 528                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 529                           $$ = $1;
 530                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 531                         }
 532         |       ';'
 533                         {
 534                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 535                           $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), (OP*)NULL);
 536                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 537                           PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
 538                         }
 539         ;
 540
 541 /* Format line */
 542 formline:       THING formarg
 543                         { OP *list;
 544                           if ($2) {
 545                               OP *term = $2;
 546                               DO_MAD(term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term));
 547                               list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 548                           }
 549                           else {
 550 #ifdef MAD
 551                               OP *op = newNULLLIST();
 552                               list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 553 #else
 554                               list = $1;
 555 #endif
 556                           }
 557                           if (PL_parser->copline == NOLINE)
 558                                PL_parser->copline = CopLINE(PL_curcop)-1;
 559                           else PL_parser->copline--;
 560                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
 561                                           convert(OP_FORMLINE, 0, list));
 562                         }
 563         ;
 564
 565 formarg :       /* NULL */
 566                         { $$ = NULL; }
 567         |       FORMLBRACK stmtseq FORMRBRACK
 568                         { $$ = op_unscope($2); }
 569         ;
 570
 571 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 572 sideff  :       error
 573                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 574         |       expr
 575                         { $$ = $1; }
 576         |       expr IF expr
 577                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 578                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 579                         }
 580         |       expr UNLESS expr
 581                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 582                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 583                         }
 584         |       expr WHILE expr
 585                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 586                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 587                         }
 588         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 589                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 590                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 591                         }
 592         |       expr FOR expr
 593                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
 594                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 595                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 596                         }
 597         |       expr WHEN expr
 598                         { $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
 599         ;
 600
 601 /* else and elsif blocks */
 602 else    :       /* NULL */
 603                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 604         |       ELSE mblock
 605                         {
 606                           ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
 607                           $$ = op_scope($2);
 608                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 609                         }
 610         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 611                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 612                             $$ = newCONDOP(0,
 613                                 newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
 614                                 op_scope($5), $6);
 615                           PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 616                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 617                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 618                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 619                         }
 620         ;
 621
 622 /* Continue blocks */
 623 cont    :       /* NULL */
 624                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 625         |       CONTINUE block
 626                         {
 627                           $$ = op_scope($2);
 628                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 629                         }
 630         ;
 631
 632 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 633 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 634                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 635                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 636                           intro_my(); }
 637
 638 /* Normal expression */
 639 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 640                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 641         |       sideff
 642         ;
 643
 644 /* Boolean expression */
 645 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 646                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 647                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 648                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 649         |       expr
 650         ;
 651
 652 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 653 iexpr   :       expr
 654                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 655         ;
 656
 657 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 658 mexpr   :       expr
 659                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 660         ;
 661
 662 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 663                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 664         ;
 665
 666 miexpr  :       iexpr
 667                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 668         ;
 669
 670 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 671         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 672         ;
 673
 674 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 675                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 676                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 677
 678         ;
 679
 680 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 681                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 682                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 683         ;
 684
 685 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 686                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 687                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 688         ;
 689
 690 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 691 subname :       WORD
 692         |       PRIVATEREF
 693         ;
 694
 695 /* Subroutine prototype */
 696 proto   :       /* NULL */
 697                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 698         |       THING
 699         ;
 700
 701 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 702 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 703                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 704         |       COLONATTR THING
 705                         { $$ = $2;
 706                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 707                         }
 708         |       COLONATTR
 709                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 710                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 711                                     (OP*)NULL
 712                                 );
 713                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 714                         }
 715         ;
 716
 717 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 718 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 719                         { $$ = $2;
 720                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 721                         }
 722         |       COLONATTR
 723                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 724                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 725                                     (OP*)NULL
 726                                 );
 727                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 728                         }
 729         ;
 730
 731 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 732 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 733         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 734                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 735                                     (OP*)NULL
 736                                 );
 737                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 738                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 739                         }
 740         ;
 741
 742 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 743 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 744                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 745                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 746                         }
 747         |       expr OROP expr
 748                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 749                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 750                         }
 751         |       expr DOROP expr
 752                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 753                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 754                         }
 755         |       listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 756         ;
 757
 758 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 759 listexpr:       listexpr ','
 760                         {
 761 #ifdef MAD
 762                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 763                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 764                           $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 765 #else
 766                           $$ = $1;
 767 #endif
 768                         }
 769         |       listexpr ',' term
 770                         {
 771                           OP* term = $3;
 772                           DO_MAD(
 773                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 774                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 775                           )
 776                           $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 777                         }
 778         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 779         ;
 780
 781 /* List operators */
 782 listop  :       LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 783                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 784                                 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 785                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 786                         }
 787         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 788                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 789                                 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 790                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 791                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 792                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 793                         }
 794         |       term ARROW method '(' optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 795                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 796                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 797                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 798                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 799                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 800                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 801                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 802                         }
 803         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 804                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 805                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 806                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 807                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 808                         }
 809         |       METHOD indirob optlistexpr           /* new Class @args */
 810                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 811                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 812                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 813                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 814                         }
 815         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')'    /* method $object (@args) */
 816                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 817                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 818                                     op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 819                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 820                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 821                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 822                         }
 823         |       LSTOP optlistexpr                    /* print @args */
 824                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 825                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 826                         }
 827         |       FUNC '(' optexpr ')'                 /* print (@args) */
 828                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 829                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 830                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 831                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 832                         }
 833         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 834                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 835                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
 836                     optlistexpr         %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 837                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 838                                  op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
 839                                    op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 840                         }
 841         ;
 842
 843 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 844 method  :       METHOD
 845         |       scalar
 846         ;
 847
 848 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 849 subscripted:    gelem '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 850                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 851                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 852                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 853                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 854                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 855                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 856                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 857                         }
 858         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 859                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 860                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 861                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 862                         }
 863         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 864                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 865                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 866                                         scalar($4));
 867                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 868                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 869                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 870                         }
 871         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 872                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 873                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 874                                         scalar($3));
 875                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 876                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 877                         }
 878         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo{bar();} */
 879                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 880                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 881                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 882                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 883                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 884                         }
 885         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 886                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 887                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 888                                         jmaybe($4));
 889                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 890                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 891                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 892                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 893                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 894                         }
 895         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 896                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 897                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 898                                         jmaybe($3));
 899                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 900                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 901                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 902                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 903                         }
 904         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 905                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 906                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 907                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 908                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 909                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 910                         }
 911         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 912                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 913                                    op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 914                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 915                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 916                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 917                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 918                         }
 919
 920         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 921                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 922                                    op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 923                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 924                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 925                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 926                         }
 927         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 928                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 929                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 930                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 931                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 932                         }
 933         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 934                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 935                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 936                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 937                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 938                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 939                         }
 940         |       QWLIST '[' expr ']'            /* list literal slice */
 941                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1);
 942                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 943                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 944                         }
 945         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 946                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
 947                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 948                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 949                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 950                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 951                         }
 952     ;
 953
 954 /* Binary operators between terms */
 955 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 956                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 957                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 958                         }
 959         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 960                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 961                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 962                         }
 963         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 964                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 965                                 scalar($1);
 966                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 967                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 968                         }
 969         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 970                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 971                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 972                         }
 973         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 974                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 975                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 976                         }
 977         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 978                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 979                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 980                         }
 981         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 982                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 983                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 984                         }
 985         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 986                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 987                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 988                         }
 989         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 990                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 991                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 992                         }
 993         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 994                         {
 995                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 996                           DO_MAD({
 997                               UNOP *op;
 998                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 999                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
1000                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
1001                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
1002                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
1003                             });
1004                         }
1005         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
1006                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
1007                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1008                         }
1009         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
1010                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
1011                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1012                         }
1013         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
1014                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
1015                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1016                         }
1017         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
1018                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
1019                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
1020                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
1021                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
1022                                 '~');
1023                         }
1024     ;
1025
1026 /* Unary operators and terms */
1027 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
1028                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
1029                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1030                         }
1031         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
1032                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
1033                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
1034                                     $2
1035                                 );
1036                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
1037                         }
1038         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
1039                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1040                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1041                         }
1042         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
1043                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
1044                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1045                         }
1046         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
1047                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
1048                                         op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
1049                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1050                         }
1051         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
1052                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
1053                                         op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
1054                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1055                         }
1056         |       term POSTJOIN    /* implicit join after interpolated ->@ */
1057                         { $$ = convert(OP_JOIN, 0,
1058                                        op_append_elem(
1059                                         OP_LIST,
1060                                         newSVREF(scalar(
1061                                             newSVOP(OP_CONST,0,
1062                                                     newSVpvs("\""))
1063                                         )),
1064                                         $1
1065                                        ));
1066                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1067                         }
1068         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
1069                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1070                                         op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
1071                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1072                         }
1073         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
1074                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1075                                         op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
1076                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1077                         }
1078
1079     ;
1080
1081 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1082 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
1083                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
1084                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1085                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
1086                         }
1087         |       '[' ']'
1088                         { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
1089                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1090                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
1091                         }
1092         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1093                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
1094                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1095                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
1096                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1097                         }
1098         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1099                         { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1100                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1101                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1102                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1103                         }
1104         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1105                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1106                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1107                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1108                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1109                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1110                         }
1111
1112     ;
1113
1114 /* Things called with "do" */
1115 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1116                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1117                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1118                         }
1119         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1120                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($2));
1121                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1122                         }
1123         |       DO subname '(' ')'                  /* do somesub() */
1124                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1125                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1126                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1127                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1128                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1129                                     scalar($2)
1130                                 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1131                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1132                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1133                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1134                         }
1135         |       DO subname '(' expr ')'             /* do somesub(@args) */
1136                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1137                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1138                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
1139                                 $4,
1140                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1141                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1142                                     scalar($2)
1143                                 )))); dep();
1144                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1145                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1146                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1147                         }
1148         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                /* do $subref () */
1149                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1150                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1151                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1152                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1153                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1154                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1155                         }
1156         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'           /* do $subref (@args) */
1157                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1158                             op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1159                                 $4,
1160                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1161                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1162                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1163                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1164                         }
1165
1166         ;
1167
1168 term    :       termbinop
1169         |       termunop
1170         |       anonymous
1171         |       termdo
1172         |       term '?' term ':' term
1173                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1174                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1175                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1176                         }
1177         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1178                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue($2,OP_REFGEN));
1179                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1180                         }
1181         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1182                         { $$ = $1; }
1183         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1184                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1185                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1186                         }
1187         |       '(' expr ')'
1188                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1189                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1190                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1191                         }
1192         |       QWLIST
1193                         { $$ = IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$1), $1); }
1194         |       '(' ')'
1195                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1196                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1197                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1198                         }
1199         |       scalar  %prec '('
1200                         { $$ = $1; }
1201         |       star    %prec '('
1202                         { $$ = $1; }
1203         |       hsh     %prec '('
1204                         { $$ = $1; }
1205         |       ary     %prec '('
1206                         { $$ = $1; }
1207         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1208                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1209         |       subscripted
1210                         { $$ = $1; }
1211         |       sliceme '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1212                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1213                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1214                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1215                                         list($3),
1216                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1217                           if ($$ && $1)
1218                               $$->op_private |=
1219                                   $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1220                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1221                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1222                         }
1223         |       kvslice '[' expr ']'                 /* array key/value slice */
1224                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVASLICE,
1225                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1226                                     newLISTOP(OP_KVASLICE, 0,
1227                                         list($3),
1228                                         ref(oopsAV($1), OP_KVASLICE)));
1229                           if ($$ && $1)
1230                               $$->op_private |=
1231                                   $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1232                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1233                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1234                         }
1235         |       sliceme '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1236                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1237                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1238                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1239                                         list($3),
1240                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1241                           if ($$ && $1)
1242                               $$->op_private |=
1243                                   $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1244                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1245                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1246                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1247                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1248                         }
1249         |       kvslice '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* %hash{@keys} */
1250                         { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVHSLICE,
1251                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1252                                     newLISTOP(OP_KVHSLICE, 0,
1253                                         list($3),
1254                                         ref($1, OP_KVHSLICE)));
1255                           if ($$ && $1)
1256                               $$->op_private |=
1257                                   $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1258                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1259                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1260                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1261                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1262                         }
1263         |       THING   %prec '('
1264                         { $$ = $1; }
1265         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1266                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1267         |       amper '(' ')'                 /* &foo() or foo() */
1268                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1269                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1270                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1271                         }
1272         |       amper '(' expr ')'          /* &foo(@args) or foo(@args) */
1273                         {
1274                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1275                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1276                           DO_MAD({
1277                               OP* op = $$;
1278                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1279                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1280                               }
1281                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1282                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1283                           });
1284                         }
1285         |       NOAMP subname optlistexpr       /* foo @args (no parens) */
1286                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1287                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1288                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1289                         }
1290         |       term ARROW '$' '*'
1291                         { $$ = newSVREF($1);
1292                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'$');
1293                         }
1294         |       term ARROW '@' '*'
1295                         { $$ = newAVREF($1);
1296                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'@');
1297                         }
1298         |       term ARROW '%' '*'
1299                         { $$ = newHVREF($1);
1300                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'%');
1301                         }
1302         |       term ARROW '&' '*'
1303                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0,
1304                                        scalar(newCVREF(IVAL($3),$1)));
1305                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'&');
1306                         }
1307         |       term ARROW '*' '*'      %prec '('
1308                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1);
1309                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'*');
1310                         }
1311         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1312                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1313                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1314                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1315                         }
1316         |       LOOPEX term
1317                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1318                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1319                         }
1320         |       NOTOP listexpr                       /* not $foo */
1321                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1322                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1323                         }
1324         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1325                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1326                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1327                         }
1328         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1329                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1330                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1331                         }
1332         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1333                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1334                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1335                         }
1336         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
1337                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1338                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1339                         }
1340         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
1341                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1342                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1343                         }
1344         |       UNIOPSUB
1345                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1346         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1347                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1348                             op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1349         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1350                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1351                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1352                         }
1353         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1354                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1355                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1356                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1357                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1358                         }
1359         |       FUNC0OP       /* Same as above, but op created in toke.c */
1360                         { $$ = $1; }
1361         |       FUNC0OP '(' ')'
1362                         { $$ = $1;
1363                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1364                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1365                         }
1366         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1367                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1368                                 scalar($1)); }
1369         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1370                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1371                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1372                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1373
1374                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1375                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1376                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1377                         }
1378         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1379                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1380                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1381                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1382                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1383                         }
1384         |       PMFUNC /* m//, s///, qr//, tr/// */
1385                         {
1386                             if (   $1->op_type != OP_TRANS
1387                                 && $1->op_type != OP_TRANSR
1388                                 && (((PMOP*)$1)->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV))
1389                             {
1390                                 $<ival>$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
1391                                 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
1392                             } else
1393                                 $<ival>$ = 0;
1394                         }
1395                     '(' listexpr ')'
1396                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $4, 1, $<ival>2);
1397                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1398                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1399                         }
1400         |       WORD
1401         |       listop
1402         |       YADAYADA
1403                         {
1404                           $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1405                                 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1406                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'X');
1407                         }
1408         |       PLUGEXPR
1409         ;
1410
1411 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1412 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1413                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1414                           DO_MAD(
1415                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1416                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1417                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1418                           );
1419                         }
1420         |       MY myterm
1421                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1422                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1423                         }
1424         ;
1425
1426 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1427 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1428                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1429                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1430                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1431                         }
1432         |       '(' ')'
1433                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1434                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1435                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1436                         }
1437         |       scalar  %prec '('
1438                         { $$ = $1; }
1439         |       hsh     %prec '('
1440                         { $$ = $1; }
1441         |       ary     %prec '('
1442                         { $$ = $1; }
1443         ;
1444
1445 /* Basic list expressions */
1446 optlistexpr:    /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1447                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1448         |       listexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1449                         { $$ = $1; }
1450         ;
1451
1452 optexpr:        /* NULL */
1453                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1454         |       expr
1455                         { $$ = $1; }
1456         ;
1457
1458 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1459    lexical */
1460 my_scalar:      scalar
1461                         { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1462         ;
1463
1464 amper   :       '&' indirob
1465                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1466                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1467                         }
1468         ;
1469
1470 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1471                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1472                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1473                         }
1474         ;
1475
1476 ary     :       '@' indirob
1477                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1478                           if ($$) $$->op_private |= IVAL($1);
1479                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1480                         }
1481         ;
1482
1483 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1484                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1485                           if ($$) $$->op_private |= IVAL($1);
1486                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1487                         }
1488         ;
1489
1490 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1491                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1492                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1493                         }
1494         ;
1495
1496 star    :       '*' indirob
1497                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1498                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1499                         }
1500         ;
1501
1502 sliceme :       ary
1503         |       term ARROW '@'
1504                         { $$ = newAVREF($1);
1505                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'@');
1506                         }
1507         ;
1508
1509 kvslice :       hsh
1510         |       term ARROW '%'
1511                         { $$ = newHVREF($1);
1512                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'@');
1513                         }
1514         ;
1515
1516 gelem   :       star
1517         |       term ARROW '*'
1518                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1);
1519                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'*');
1520                         }
1521         ;
1522
1523 /* Indirect objects */
1524 indirob :       WORD
1525                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1526         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1527                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1528         |       block
1529                         { $$ = op_scope($1); }
1530
1531         |       PRIVATEREF
1532                         { $$ = $1; }
1533         ;