3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
23 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
24 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
25 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
27 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
28 Perl stores its global variables.
38 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
39 static const STRLEN S_autolen = sizeof(S_autoload)-1;
42 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
44 Perl_gv_SVadd(pTHX_ GV *gv)
46 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_SVADD;
48 if (!gv || SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
49 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for scalar");
57 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
59 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AVADD;
61 if (!gv || SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
62 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
69 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
71 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_HVADD;
73 if (!gv || SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
74 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
81 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
85 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IOADD;
87 if (!gv || SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
90 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
91 * this is a dirhandle.
93 const char * const fh =
94 PL_op->op_type == OP_READDIR ||
95 PL_op->op_type == OP_TELLDIR ||
96 PL_op->op_type == OP_SEEKDIR ||
97 PL_op->op_type == OP_REWINDDIR ||
98 PL_op->op_type == OP_CLOSEDIR ?
99 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
100 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", fh);
104 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
106 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
115 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
117 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
118 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
122 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
128 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
131 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
132 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
137 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
140 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
141 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
144 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
145 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
147 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
148 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
149 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
151 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
154 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
156 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
162 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
164 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
165 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
166 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
173 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
175 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
177 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
178 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
179 return SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
183 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
188 const char *const file
189 = (PL_curcop && CopFILE(PL_curcop)) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
190 const STRLEN len = strlen(file);
192 SV *const temp_sv = CopFILESV(PL_curcop);
196 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
199 file = SvPVX(temp_sv);
200 len = SvCUR(temp_sv);
207 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
211 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
212 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
215 gp->gp_line = PL_curcop ? CopLINE(PL_curcop) : 0;
216 /* XXX Ideally this cast would be replaced with a change to const char*
218 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
226 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
229 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
230 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
231 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
232 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
233 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
234 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
236 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT;
237 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
240 /* The constant has to be a simple scalar type. */
241 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
247 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
248 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
256 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
257 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
259 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
267 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
272 GvGP(gv) = Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv);
275 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
276 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD);
277 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
279 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
282 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
283 GvCV(gv) = newCONSTSUB(stash, name, has_constant);
284 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
285 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
286 from a reference to CV. */
287 if (exported_constant)
288 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
290 (void) start_subparse(0,0); /* Create empty CV in compcv. */
291 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
295 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv)); /* sub Foo::bar($) { (shift) } sub ASDF::baz($); *ASDF::baz = \&Foo::bar */
297 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
298 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
300 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(GvCV(gv)), proto, protolen,
301 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
307 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
309 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
321 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
329 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
330 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
338 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
340 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
341 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
342 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
344 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
345 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
346 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
347 up caching info for this glob.
349 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
350 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
351 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
352 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
353 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
358 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
361 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
369 GV* candidate = NULL;
374 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
379 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH;
381 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
383 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
384 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
390 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
392 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
397 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,hvname) );
399 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
401 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
402 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, create);
406 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
407 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
408 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
409 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
410 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
414 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
415 SvREFCNT_dec(cand_cv);
416 GvCV(topgv) = cand_cv = NULL;
420 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
421 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
426 packlen = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
427 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(hvname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
430 basestash = gv_stashpvn(hvname, packlen, GV_ADD);
431 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(basestash);
434 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
437 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
438 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
440 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
442 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
445 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
446 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
447 SVfARG(linear_sv), hvname);
453 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, len, 0);
457 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV) gv_init(candidate, cstash, name, len, TRUE);
458 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
460 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
461 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
462 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
464 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
465 if ((old_cv = GvCV(topgv))) SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
466 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
467 GvCV(topgv) = cand_cv;
468 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
474 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
475 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
476 candidate = gv_fetchmeth(NULL, name, len, 1);
478 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
479 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
480 if ((old_cv = GvCV(topgv))) SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
481 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
482 GvCV(topgv) = cand_cv;
483 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
489 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
490 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
491 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
498 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
500 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
501 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
503 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
504 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
505 of the result may be zero.
511 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
513 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
515 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_AUTOLOAD;
522 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
523 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
525 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE)))
528 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
530 /* Have an autoload */
531 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
532 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
533 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
542 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
544 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
545 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
546 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
549 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
550 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
551 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
552 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
553 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
555 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
556 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
557 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
558 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
559 created via a side effect to do this.
561 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
562 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
563 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
564 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
570 S_gv_get_super_pkg(pTHX_ const char* name, I32 namelen)
577 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_GET_SUPER_PKG;
579 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, 0);
580 if(stash) return stash;
582 /* If we must create it, give it an @ISA array containing
583 the real package this SUPER is for, so that it's tied
584 into the cache invalidation code correctly */
585 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, GV_ADD);
586 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(stash, "ISA", TRUE);
588 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
589 superisa = GvAVn(gv);
591 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(superisa), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
593 av_push(superisa, newSVpv(CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop), 0));
595 av_push(superisa, newSVhek(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)
596 ? HvNAME_HEK(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)) : NULL));
603 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
605 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
607 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
610 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
613 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
616 register const char *nend;
617 const char *nsplit = NULL;
620 const char * const origname = name;
621 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
622 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
623 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
625 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_FLAGS;
627 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
630 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
631 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
632 the error reporting code. */
635 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
640 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
646 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
647 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
648 SV * const tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
649 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
650 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
651 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr));
652 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
653 origname, HvNAME_get(stash), name) );
656 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
657 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, 0);
659 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
660 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
661 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
662 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
663 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, 0))
664 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(origname, nsplit - origname);
669 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
671 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
672 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
674 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
675 if (!gv && do_croak) {
676 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
680 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%.*s\"",
681 name, (int)HvNAMELEN_get(stash), HvNAME_get(stash));
685 const char *packname;
688 packlen = nsplit - origname;
691 packname = SvPV_const(error_report, packlen);
695 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%.*s\""
696 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%.*s\"?)",
697 name, (int)packlen, packname, (int)packlen, packname);
702 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
703 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
711 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
714 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
715 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
725 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
733 const char *packname = "";
734 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
736 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD4;
738 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
741 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
742 packname = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
746 packname = HvNAME_get(stash);
747 packname_len = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
750 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE)))
754 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
758 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
760 if (!method && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
761 && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX)
763 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
764 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
765 packname, (int)len, name);
768 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
769 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
770 * and split that value on the last '::',
771 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
774 SvPV_set(cv, (char *)name); /* cast to lose constness warning */
780 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
781 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
782 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
783 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
785 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
786 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
790 gv_init(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE);
791 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
792 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
796 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
797 sv_setpvn(varsv, packname, packname_len);
798 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
799 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
804 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
805 * that implements the logic of automatical ties like %! and %-
807 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
808 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
809 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
810 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
811 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
812 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
813 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
814 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
817 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
820 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
822 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
824 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))) {
825 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
826 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
827 so save it. For the moment it's always
833 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
834 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
838 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
840 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %%%c because %"SVf" is not available",
841 varname, SVfARG(namesv));
842 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
843 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %%%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
844 varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
846 SvREFCNT_dec(namesv);
851 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
853 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
854 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
860 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
862 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
863 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
867 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
869 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
870 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
871 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
872 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
873 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then NULL
881 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
888 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
890 if (namelen + 2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
893 Newx(tmpbuf, namelen + 2, char);
894 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
895 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
896 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
897 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, namelen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
898 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
903 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
905 if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
906 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, 0);
911 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
913 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See C<gv_stashpvn>.
919 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
922 const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv,len);
924 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
926 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, flags);
931 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
932 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
933 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
937 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
939 const char * const nambeg = SvPV_const(name, len);
940 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
941 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
945 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
946 const svtype sv_type)
949 register const char *name = nambeg;
950 register GV *gv = NULL;
953 register const char *name_cursor;
955 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
956 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
957 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
958 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
959 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
962 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
964 if (flags & GV_NOTQUAL) {
965 /* Caller promised that there is no stash, so we can skip the check. */
970 if (full_len > 2 && *name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) {
971 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
975 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
976 if ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor < name_em1
977 && name_cursor[1] == ':')
978 || (*name_cursor == '\'' && name_cursor[1]))
982 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
985 len = name_cursor - name;
990 if (len + 2 <= (I32)sizeof (smallbuf))
993 Newx(tmpbuf, len+2, char);
994 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
997 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
998 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
999 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
1000 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1001 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
1005 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1007 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
1010 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
1011 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
1013 if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
1014 hv_name_set(stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, 0);
1017 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1021 if (name == name_end)
1022 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE);
1025 len = name_cursor - name;
1027 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1031 if (len && isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
1032 bool global = FALSE;
1040 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1041 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1042 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1046 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1051 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1052 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1056 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1057 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1058 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1062 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1063 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1070 stash = PL_defstash;
1071 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1072 stash = PL_curstash;
1073 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1074 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1075 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1076 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1077 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1078 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1079 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1081 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
1083 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
1084 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1088 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1089 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1090 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1092 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
1093 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1094 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1097 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
1103 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1106 stash = PL_defstash;
1109 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
1113 SV * const err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
1114 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
1115 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1116 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1117 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1120 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
1123 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1125 /* symbol table under destruction */
1134 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1137 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
1138 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
1141 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1144 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
1145 if (len == 1 && (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)) {
1147 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1148 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
1149 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1153 } else if (no_init) {
1155 } else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
1159 /* Adding a new symbol.
1160 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
1161 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
1163 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
1164 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
1166 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
1168 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1169 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
1170 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
1171 gv_init_sv(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
1173 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
1174 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
1177 /* set up magic where warranted */
1182 /* Nothing else to do.
1183 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1184 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1185 the common case of lower case variable names. */
1189 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1192 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1193 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1195 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1200 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1204 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1205 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1207 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1209 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
1210 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
1211 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
1214 av_push(av, newSVpvs(pname = "NDBM_File"));
1215 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, GV_ADD);
1216 av_push(av, newSVpvs(pname = "DB_File"));
1217 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, GV_ADD);
1218 av_push(av, newSVpvs(pname = "GDBM_File"));
1219 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, GV_ADD);
1220 av_push(av, newSVpvs(pname = "SDBM_File"));
1221 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, GV_ADD);
1222 av_push(av, newSVpvs(pname = "ODBM_File"));
1223 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, GV_ADD);
1228 if (strEQ(name2, "VERLOAD")) {
1229 HV* const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1231 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
1235 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1239 Newxz(PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1240 Newxz(PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1241 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1245 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1246 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1247 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1249 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1251 PL_psig_name[i] = 0;
1252 PL_psig_pend[i] = 0;
1257 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1260 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1261 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1264 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1265 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1268 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1269 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH"))
1271 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1272 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1275 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1276 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH") || strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH"))
1278 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1279 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1282 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1283 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1285 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1287 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1290 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1291 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1304 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1306 /* This snippet is taken from is_gv_magical */
1307 const char *end = name + len;
1308 while (--end > name) {
1309 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1316 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
1317 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
1323 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
1324 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
1325 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
1326 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
1329 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
1333 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
1337 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
1338 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
1344 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
1346 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1348 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
1349 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1350 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1355 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
1357 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1358 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
1360 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1361 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1363 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1366 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1367 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1373 if (sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2_d(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
1374 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1375 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1378 sv_setiv(GvSVn(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
1381 case '\010': /* $^H */
1383 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1384 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1387 case '\023': /* $^S */
1389 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1413 case '\001': /* $^A */
1414 case '\003': /* $^C */
1415 case '\004': /* $^D */
1416 case '\005': /* $^E */
1417 case '\006': /* $^F */
1418 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1419 case '\016': /* $^N */
1420 case '\017': /* $^O */
1421 case '\020': /* $^P */
1422 case '\024': /* $^T */
1423 case '\027': /* $^W */
1425 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1428 case '\014': /* $^L */
1429 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
1430 PL_formfeed = GvSVn(gv);
1433 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
1437 SV * const sv = GvSVn(gv);
1438 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
1439 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
1440 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
1441 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1445 case '\026': /* $^V */
1447 SV * const sv = GvSVn(gv);
1448 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
1449 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1459 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1463 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1465 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
1471 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1473 name = HvNAME_get(hv);
1475 namelen = HvNAMELEN_get(hv);
1481 if (keepmain || strNE(name, "main")) {
1482 sv_catpvn(sv,name,namelen);
1485 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1489 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1491 const GV * const egv = GvEGV(gv);
1493 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
1495 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
1503 IO * const io = MUTABLE_IO(newSV_type(SVt_PVIO));
1504 /* This used to read SvREFCNT(io) = 1;
1505 It's not clear why the reference count needed an explicit reset. NWC
1507 assert (SvREFCNT(io) == 1);
1509 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a package name */
1510 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1511 iogv = gv_fetchpvs("FileHandle::", 0, SVt_PVHV);
1512 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1513 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1514 iogv = gv_fetchpvs("IO::Handle::", GV_ADD, SVt_PVHV);
1515 SvSTASH_set(io, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv))));
1520 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ const HV *stash)
1525 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
1527 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1529 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1531 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1534 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1535 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1537 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1538 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1540 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1542 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1543 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1546 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1548 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
1550 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
1551 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
1553 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1554 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1555 HvNAME_get(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1562 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ const char *pack)
1566 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN;
1568 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1572 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1575 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1583 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
1584 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
1585 don't infect them with our cached entry */
1586 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1595 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1600 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1602 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1603 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1604 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1605 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
1606 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
1609 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1610 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1616 if (gp->gp_file_hek)
1617 unshare_hek(gp->gp_file_hek);
1618 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1619 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1620 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
1621 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
1622 if (gp->gp_hv && SvTYPE(gp->gp_hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
1623 const char *hvname = HvNAME_get(gp->gp_hv);
1624 if (PL_stashcache && hvname)
1625 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(gp->gp_hv),
1627 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1629 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1630 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1631 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1638 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1640 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1641 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
1643 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
1645 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1647 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1648 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
1650 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
1651 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
1658 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1661 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1664 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1666 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
1669 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
1671 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
1673 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1674 if (amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1675 && amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
1676 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1678 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1681 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
1684 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1685 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
1686 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1690 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1693 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1695 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1696 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1697 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
1701 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1702 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1704 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
1707 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1708 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1710 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1712 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1713 amt.table[i] = NULL;
1714 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1715 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
1716 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1717 const char * const cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1718 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
1720 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
1721 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
1722 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1723 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1724 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1725 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1726 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1727 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1728 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1729 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1730 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1731 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1732 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1734 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1736 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1737 && strEQ(hvname = HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1738 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1739 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1740 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1742 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1744 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
1745 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
1746 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, hvname) );
1747 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
1748 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX_const(gvsv),
1751 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
1752 const char * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv)) ? SvPVX_const(gvsv) : "???";
1753 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%.256s\" overloading \"%s\" "\
1754 "in package \"%.256s\"",
1755 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1759 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1761 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
1762 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1763 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1765 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1767 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1768 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
1771 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
1774 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1776 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1777 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1778 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1782 /* Here we have no table: */
1784 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1785 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1786 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1792 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1798 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
1800 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
1803 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
1804 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
1806 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1810 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1813 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1814 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1815 || amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
1817 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1818 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
1819 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1820 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1821 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1822 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1823 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1824 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
1837 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1842 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1843 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1844 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
1845 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
1846 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
1847 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1853 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
1855 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1856 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1857 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1858 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1859 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1861 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1862 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1868 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1869 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1871 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1874 /* look for substituted methods */
1875 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1879 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1880 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1881 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1886 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1887 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1888 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1892 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1895 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1898 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1901 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1902 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1903 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1909 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1912 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1913 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1915 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1916 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1918 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1919 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1920 /* As a bit of a source compatibility hack, SvAMAGIC() and
1921 friends dereference an RV, to behave the same was as when
1922 overloading was stored on the reference, not the referant.
1923 Hence we can't use SvAMAGIC_on()
1925 SvFLAGS(newref) |= SVf_AMAGIC;
1926 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
1932 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1933 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1934 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1936 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1937 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1938 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1940 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1941 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1942 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1945 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1956 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1958 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1963 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1965 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1973 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1978 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1979 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1980 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1981 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1982 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1983 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1985 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1988 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1989 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1990 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1991 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1992 /* We look for substitution for
1993 * comparison operations and
1995 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1996 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1997 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
2007 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
2014 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
2016 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
2021 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
2042 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2045 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
2046 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
2047 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
2048 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
2049 } else if ((amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) && !DEBUG_o_TEST) {
2050 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
2054 if (off==-1) off=method;
2055 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
2056 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
2057 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2058 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
2060 "in overloaded package ":
2061 "has no overloaded magic",
2063 HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
2066 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
2069 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
2071 HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
2073 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
2074 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX_const(msg)) );
2076 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
2080 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
2085 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2086 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
2088 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2090 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2091 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
2092 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
2093 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
2094 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
2095 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
2096 stash ? HvNAME_get(stash) : "null",
2097 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
2100 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
2101 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
2102 * version of copy operator
2104 /* We need to copy in following cases:
2105 * a) Assignment form was called.
2106 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
2107 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
2108 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
2109 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
2110 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
2112 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
2113 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
2115 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
2116 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
2119 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
2120 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
2122 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
2123 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
2130 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
2133 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
2134 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
2135 myop.op_next = NULL;
2136 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
2138 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
2141 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
2142 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
2143 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
2147 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
2148 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
2149 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
2150 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
2152 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2153 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
2155 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2158 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
2166 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
2173 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
2176 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
2179 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
2182 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
2185 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
2188 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
2191 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
2193 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
2198 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
2200 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
2202 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
2210 =for apidoc is_gv_magical_sv
2212 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV. Calls is_gv_magical.
2218 Perl_is_gv_magical_sv(pTHX_ SV *name, U32 flags)
2221 const char * const temp = SvPV_const(name, len);
2223 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_GV_MAGICAL_SV;
2225 return is_gv_magical(temp, len, flags);
2229 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
2231 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
2233 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
2234 created even in rvalue contexts.
2236 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
2237 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
2239 Currently assumes that C<name> is NUL terminated (as well as len being valid).
2240 This assumption is met by all callers within the perl core, which all pass
2241 pointers returned by SvPV.
2246 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
2248 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2249 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
2251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_GV_MAGICAL;
2254 const char * const name1 = name + 1;
2257 if (len == 3 && name[1] == 'S' && name[2] == 'A')
2261 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name1, "VERLOAD"))
2265 if (len == 3 && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G')
2268 /* Using ${^...} variables is likely to be sufficiently rare that
2269 it seems sensible to avoid the space hit of also checking the
2271 case '\017': /* ${^OPEN} */
2272 if (strEQ(name1, "PEN"))
2275 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2276 if (strEQ(name1, "AINT"))
2279 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE} */
2280 if (strEQ(name1, "NICODE"))
2282 if (strEQ(name1, "TF8LOCALE"))
2285 case '\027': /* ${^WARNING_BITS} */
2286 if (strEQ(name1, "ARNING_BITS"))
2299 const char *end = name + len;
2300 while (--end > name) {
2308 /* Because we're already assuming that name is NUL terminated
2309 below, we can treat an empty name as "\0" */
2336 case '\001': /* $^A */
2337 case '\003': /* $^C */
2338 case '\004': /* $^D */
2339 case '\005': /* $^E */
2340 case '\006': /* $^F */
2341 case '\010': /* $^H */
2342 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2343 case '\014': /* $^L */
2344 case '\016': /* $^N */
2345 case '\017': /* $^O */
2346 case '\020': /* $^P */
2347 case '\023': /* $^S */
2348 case '\024': /* $^T */
2349 case '\026': /* $^V */
2350 case '\027': /* $^W */
2370 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
2375 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
2376 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
2379 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
2381 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
2382 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
2385 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
2386 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, len, hash);
2391 * c-indentation-style: bsd
2393 * indent-tabs-mode: t
2396 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: